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17328826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Carter | David E. Carter | David E. Carter is an entrepreneur and writer on graphic design, logo design, and corporate branding. He has written many trademark and logo books and won a number of regional Emmys for his local television productions. Since moving to Sanibel Island, Carter has teamed with Pfeifer Realty Group owner Eric Pfeifer to make several historical documentaries about Sanibel Island including "Sanibel Before the Causeway" and "Postcards and Pictures from Sanibel".
References
Advertising theorists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Businesspeople from Florida |
23572272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Lyons | Bill Lyons | William Allen Lyons (born April 26, 1958 in Alton, Illinois) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. He played in parts of two seasons in the majors, and , for the St. Louis Cardinals, primarily as a second baseman.
External links
Major League Baseball second basemen
St. Louis Cardinals players
Arkansas Travelers players
Louisville Redbirds players
Erie Cardinals players
Butte Copper Kings players
Southern Illinois Salukis baseball players
Springfield Redbirds players
Baseball players from Illinois
1958 births
Living people |
44496591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divan%20Japonais%20%28lithograph%29 | Divan Japonais (lithograph) | Divan Japonais is a lithograph poster by French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. It was created to advertise a café-chantant that was at the time known as Divan Japonais. The poster depicts three persons from the Montmartre of Toulouse-Lautrec's time. Dancer Jane Avril is in the audience. Beside her is writer Édouard Dujardin. They are watching a performance by Yvette Guilbert. Though her face is not included in the poster, she is recognizable by her tall, thin frame and long black gloves.
References
Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Lithographs |
17328838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Martin%20Easterly | Thomas Martin Easterly | Thomas Martin Easterly (October 3, 1809 – March 12, 1882) was a 19th-century American daguerreotypist and photographer. One of the more prominent and well-known daguerreotypists in the Midwest United States during the 1850s, his studio became one of the first permanent art galleries in Missouri.
Although his reputation was limited to the Midwest during his lifetime, he is considered to have been one of the foremost experts in the field of daguerreotype photography in the United States during the mid-to-late 19th century. He took the very first known photograph of a lightning bolt in history.
Biography
Born in Guilford, Vermont, he was the second of five children born to Tunis Easterly and Philomena Richardson. He reportedly came from a poor background, his father being a farmer and part-time shoemaker, and was living away from home at age 11. Around 1830, he was living in St. Lawrence County, New York although little is known of his early years.
He began working as itinerant calligrapher and a penmanship teacher traveling throughout Vermont, New Hampshire and New York during the 1830s and 40s. By 1844, he had begun practicing photography taking outdoor photographs of architectural landmarks and scenic sites in Vermont. Among his earliest daguerreotypes, made a decade before outdoor photography was popular or profitable, those of the Winooski and Connecticut rivers are the only known examples to be self-consciously influenced by the romantic landscape paintings of the Hudson River School artists. He was also the first and only daguerreotypist to identify his work using engraved signatures and descriptive captions.
In the fall of 1845, Easterly traveled to the Midwest United States and toured the Mississippi River with Frederick F. Webb as representatives of the Daguerreotype Art Union. The two gained some notoriety from their photography of the criminals convicted of the murder of George Davenport in October of that year. Iowa newspapers reported that Easterly and Webb had achieved a "splendid likeness" of the men shortly before their execution. Easterly and Webb continued touring on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers for several months before spending the winter of 1846-47 in Liberty, Missouri.
The only known photograph of the first St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans, built to be the world's finest, was taken by Easterly ca. 1847.
The following spring, Easterly and Webb went their separate ways with Easterly traveling on his own to St. Louis. He soon became popular for his portraits of prominent residents and visiting celebrities which were displayed in a temporary gallery on Glasgow Row. One of these portraits was that of Chief Keokuk taken March 1847. He also took a daguerreotype of a lightning bolt, one of the first recorded "instantaneous" photographic images, while in St. Louis. This was later recorded in the Iowa Sentinel as an "Astonishing Achievement in Art". Before returning to Vermont in August 1847, the St. Louis Reveille described his as an "unrivaled daguerreotypist".
He was brought back to Missouri by John Ostrander, founder of the first daguerreotype gallery in St. Louis, in early 1848. Preparing for an extended "tour of the south", Ostringer asked Easterly to manage his portrait gallery. Esterly would continue running the gallery when Ostringer died a short time later. Many of his unique streetscapes depicting mid-19th-century urban life were taken from the windows of Ostringer's gallery. In June 1850, he married schoolteacher Anna Miriam Bailey and settled in St. Louis permanently.
During the 1860s, improvements in photographic development caused daguerreotypes to become out of fashion. Easterly refused to acknowledge these changes believing the highly detailed daguerreotypes were far superior in terms of beauty or permanence urging the public to "save your old daguerreotypes for you will never see their like again". During the next decade, both his health and financial situation worsened. Despite the declining interest for pictures on silver, he was able to maintain his gallery until it burned in a fire in 1865. He was forced to move to a smaller location and continued working in near obscurity until his death in St. Louis on March 12, 1882. He had suffered from a long illness and partial paralysis in his final years and is thought to have been caused by prolonged exposure to mercury, one of the key ingredients used in the daguerreotype process.
After his death, his wife sold most of his personal collection to John Scholton, another noted St. Louis photographer. The Scholton family eventually donated the plates to the Missouri Historical Society where they remained for nearly a century before being rediscovered during the 1980s by art scholars studying pre-American Civil War photography.
References
Further reading
Davidson, Carla. "The View from Fourth and Olive". American Heritage 13 (December 1971): 76-91.
Guidrey, Gail R. "Long, Fitzgibbon, Easterly, Outley: St. Louis Daguerreans". St. Louis Literary Supplement 1 (November–December 1977): 6-8.
Kilgo, Dolores A. Likeness and Landscape: Thomas M. Easterly and the Art of the Daguerreotype. St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press, 1994.
Van Ravenswaay, Charles. "Pioneer Photographers of St. Louis". Missouri Historical Society Bulletin 10 (October 1953): 49-71.
External links
Thomas Easterly Collection from Missouri History Museum's Flickr page
Easterly Photos in the Missouri History Museum Collections
Thomas Easterly Daguerreotypes at the Newberry Library
Commercial photographers
1809 births
1882 deaths
Artists from St. Louis
People from Guilford, Vermont
19th-century American photographers
Photographers from Vermont |
17328844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadim | Tadim | Tadim is a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Braga.
References
Freguesias of Braga |
17328847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20the%20Imhoff%20Altar | Master of the Imhoff Altar | The Master of the Imhoff Altar (fl. c. 1410–1420) was a German painter. His name comes from an altarpiece, dating to between 1418 and 1422, commissioned by Konrad Imhoff for the Lorenzkirche in Nuremberg. Only the central panel, depicting the Coronation of the Virgin, and the wings, depicting several apostles, are still preserved in the church, albeit partially disassembled. On the inner wings, flanking the Coronation, may be found a donor portrait of the donor with three of his four wives. Originally the back of the altarpiece held an image of Christ as the Man of Sorrows, with the Virgin Mary and Saint John. This piece, which has since been removed to the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, is now believed to be the work of the Master of the Bamberg Altar.
It is believed by some historians that the Master of the Imhoff Altar is also the so-called Master of the Deichsler Altarpiece, whose work is known from two surviving altarpiece wings in Berlin. Attempts have been made to link both artists to Berthold Landauer, but these have been based entirely on his activity in Nuremberg at the time in question. The Deischler paintings are believed to predate the Imhoff Altar by five to ten years, and are the work of an artist deeply familiar with the art of Bohemia from around 1400. The Imhoff Altar, by contrast, represents a marked shift towards a firmer and sparer manner, coupled with the use of stronger colors.
References
Master of the Imhoff Altar
14th-century births
15th-century deaths
15th-century German painters
Imhoff Altar, Master of the
Gothic painters |
17328858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid%20Kuller | Sid Kuller | Sid Kuller (27 October 1910 New York City, New York – 16 September 1993 in Sherman Oaks, California) was an American comedy writer, producer and lyricist/composer, who concentrated on special musical material, gags and sketches for leading comics. He collaborated with Ray Golden and Hal Fimberg on the screenplay of the Marx Brothers' vehicle The Big Store, for which he also supplied the lyrics to the musical climax, "The Tenement Symphony". Earlier in their careers, Kuller and Golden wrote comedy songs and special material for the Ritz Brothers. Although he wrote prodigiously and with facility throughout his life, Kuller admitted, "The creation of comedy is a painful experience".
Vaudeville
After attending Columbia University, Kuller began contributing jokes and songs to vaudeville performers, such as Bert Lahr and Jack Benny, and became a ghost-gag-writer for the legendary Al Boasberg. While working on an Earl Carroll Vanities show he started to write comedy bits for the precision-dancing Ritz Brothers, who brought him and fellow-writer Ray Golden with them to Hollywood in 1937.
On Broadway Kuller and Golden were part of the team which wrote the book for the progressive 1940 revue Meet the People, which included one of his early hit songs Elmer's Wedding Day (with music by Jay Gorney). He also wrote the political musical revue, O Say Can You Sing, which was performed in Chicago, and may have been one of the producers of the original Chicago production of the Federal Theater Project's groundbreaking all-black Swing Mikado., which transferred to Broadway without him.
Hollywood career
Through a string of Ritz Brothers' credits, the team of Kuller and Golden became known as one of Hollywood's best special material writers. At this time Kuller, who specialized in funny, though politically aware sketches and clever blackouts, kept an open house in the Hollywood Hills where jazz and swing bands regularly jammed, including Duke Ellington's. Groucho Marx quickly recognized in Kuller a fellow wit (and admirer of Gilbert and Sullivan), and kept him on set to zing up lines for The Big Store as they went along (e.g., he's credited with, "You mean a woman of your culture and money and beauty and money would marry this impostor?").
Returning after war service with the U.S. Army Air Corps First Motion Picture Unit, Kuller divided his time between writing and producing for Broadway (Alive and Kicking, debuting Gwen Verdon 1950); television (Colgate Comedy Hour, hosts Martin and Lewis, Donald O'Connor 1952-3; The Milton Berle Show 1951; The Jackie Gleason Show 1970); and various night-club acts (e.g. The Sportsmen Quartet). In 1952 he executive produced with Ben Hecht Actor's and Sin, using archive footage of Louis B. Mayer and Jack L. Warner, which ran into trouble when some theater chains refused to show it on the grounds that it lampooned Hollywood.
In the 1970s Sid collaborated with Sandy Matlowsky and Tige Andrews (of Mod Squad fame) on two original songs on the Tiger Records label in Los Angeles, California. "The Modfather" and "Keep America Beautiful" were the A and B sides of the vinyl 45 single release. These songs had humor and poignancy for the post 60s youth culture that was embracing political awareness and the social revolution. Sid's clever writing techniques are at its finest in this rare collection that contributed to the advocacy of world peace and the environmental movement.
Black Entertainment Involvement
Redd Foxx recalled that Kuller had become a household name among black performers of the 1940s. While working on the cotton-picking pastiche in The Big Store ("Up n' down the ole plantation, All the cotton was-a rottin away etc."), Kuller conceived with Duke Ellington the idea for a black, topical revue that would challenge segregation and try to break down the old Uncle Tom and Stepin Fetchit stereotypes still prevalent in the industry at that time. Their stated aim was to correct the race situation through theatrical propaganda.
Jump for Joy, starring Dorothy Dandridge, Ellington and other leading black performers, ran for three months at the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles before an integrated audience, with the backing of the Marx Brothers, Orson Welles and other Hollywood liberals. Kuller co-directed most of the skits he wrote, and together with Paul Francis Webster contributed biting lyrics to the music of Hal Borne and Ellington (e.g. "Fare thee well, land of cotton; cotton lisle is out of style"). As Kuller later explained: "Traditionally, black humor had been portrayed by blacks for white audiences from a white point of view. Our material was from the point of view of black people looking at whites." Although the show was an artistic and popular success, it had to be shut down with the outbreak of the Pacific War.
Kuller was also an early supporter of comedian and jazzman Scatman Crothers, with whom he worked on television. Kuller cast him in a featured role in his directorial debut, the 1950 swing version of The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan, filmed in the United Kingdom. For Louis Armstrong Kuller created a jazz versus opera routine featuring Robert Merrill. Kuller together with Borne also contributed to the successful revitalization of the Will Mastin Trio song and dance act in the early 50s, helping launch the breakthrough of Sammy Davis Jr. .
During the 1950s he was involved with some other projects for black performers, most of which did not come to fruition: including another revue entitled Swing Family Robinson, a biopic of Ellington and a revival of Jumpin for Joy in Las Vegas.
Later career
Kuller joined ASCAP in 1942 and was active in organizing many Variety Club charity shows. In the 1956 Jule Styne production Mr. Wonderful, one of Kuller's interpolated songs ("Daddy, Uncle and Me") was performed by Sammy Davis, Jr.
He was also the writer and producer of Miltown Revisited, the disastrous last Las Vegas show of Abbott and Costello, when the partnership finally split up in 1956. Kuller recalled that after Abbott turned up drunk for the second show at the Sahara Hotel, Costello never forgave him: "It was the most terrible night of [Kuller's] life in show business."
Nevertheless, Kuller continued producing night-club acts until his death and was responsible for writing two fondly remembered parody shows for the Jewish dialect comedians Mickey Katz and Billy Gray: The Cohen Mutiny (i.e. Caine takeoff) and My Fairfax Lady, where an upperclass British woman is taught to speak with a Jewish accent!
In 1963 Kuller was heavily involved in writing (and rewriting) the ambitious, but troubled Vernon Duke musical Zenda, based on The Prisoner of Zenda, for the San Francisco Light Opera Company with Alfred Drake and Chita Rivera. But his final stage experience was to be the hit 1981-3 revue Sophisticated Ladies, starring Gregory Hines, where famous songs he and others wrote with Ellington (e.g. "Bli-Blips") were introduced to a new generation.
He and his wife Morine were supporters of Oakwood, the cooperative school established in Hollywood by the actor Robert Ryan, a fellow liberal active in the Civil rights movement, and his Quaker wife.
Filmography
As writer/lyricist
1937 : Life Begins in College (Ritz Bros. with Tony Martin
1938 : Damon Runyon's Straight, Place & Show
1938 : Kentucky Moonshine (Ritz Bros., Tony Martin)
1938 : The Goldwyn Follies (Ritz Bros.)
1939 : The Three Musketeers (Ritz Bros.)
1940 : Argentine Nights (Ritz Bros.)
1940 : Melody Ranch (Gene Autry singing cowboy picture)
1940 : Road to Singapore (first road picture of Bob Hope and Bing Crosby)
1941 : The Big Store (Marx Bros. with Tony Martin)
1945 : Spreadin' the Jam
1950 : The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan
1951 : Slaughter Trail (a Howard Hughes production notorious for the beginning of the blacklist)
1959 "Blues, the Mother of Sin", "Little Mama" and "Piano Man" with Billy Eckstine for a record "Billy Eckstine & Count Basie Inc."
as director
1950 : The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan (swing version of Gilbert and Sullivan, featuring Scatman Crothers and Sportsmen Quartet)
as producer
1952 : Actor's and Sin (Sid Kuller Productions)
1960 : Stop! Look! and Laugh! (an unauthorized Three Stooges compilation, ending with a voice-over chimp fairy tale produced by Kuller)
as composer
1950 : The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan
1956 - Mr. Wonderful - song "Daddy, Uncle, and Me"
1960 : Stop! Look! and Laugh!
References
External links
1910 births
1993 deaths
American male composers
American film directors
American film producers
American male screenwriters
First Motion Picture Unit personnel
20th-century American composers
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters |
17328914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n%20Nacional%20de%20Trabajadores%20%281952%29 | Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores (1952) | The Movimiento Sindical Independiente de Trabajadores (MOSIT) was a Venezuelan trade union federation, founded at a conference in 1952. At the conference there were two delegates from each state. Rafael Garcia was the head of MOSIT.
The founding of MOSIT came shortly ahead of the 1952 ILO conference. MOSIT claimed to be apolitical, but in practice the movement was largely supportive of the Marcos Pérez Jiménez government. After MOSIT had been founded, the Venezuelan government appointed MOSIT as the Venezuelan trade union representatives to the ILO conference, a move that was protested by the ICFTU and U.S. unions AFL and CIO.
In 1954 MOSIT changed name to Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores. The organization also joined Agrupación de Trabajadores Latinoamericanos Sindicalistas.
After the fall of Pérez Jiménez in 1958, CNT and most of its affiliated unions were dissolved.
References
Trade unions in Venezuela
Trade unions established in 1952
Trade unions disestablished in 1958
1952 establishments in Venezuela
1958 disestablishments in Venezuela |
17328927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collingbourne%20Kingston%20Halt%20railway%20station | Collingbourne Kingston Halt railway station | Collingbourne Kingston Halt was a small railway station that served the village of Collingbourne Kingston in Wiltshire, England for less than 30 years. The station was on the former Midland and South Western Junction Railway, which was a north–south through-route between the Midlands and the south coast ports and which had been built through Collingbourne Kingston in 1882.
The M&SWJR did not provide a station at Collingbourne Kingston, which was served by Collingbourne railway station at Collingbourne Ducis, 1.5 miles away. But in 1932, after the M&SWJR had been taken over by the Great Western Railway in the 1923 Grouping, a halt was built for the village in an effort to generate traffic in the face of competition from road transport. The construction of the station was fairly rudimentary: railway sleeper platforms with corrugated iron shelters. No staff were ever provided and tickets were sold at No 54 High Street.
Traffic on the M&SWJR line declined heavily after the war and the line closed to passenger and goods traffic in 1961. There are no traces of Collingbourne Kingston Halt today, apart from a road bridge over the former line.
Routes
References
Wiltshire Railway Stations, Mike Oakley, Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 2004, , pages 43–44
Disused railway stations in Wiltshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1932
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1961
1932 establishments in England
1961 disestablishments in England |
23572278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Sweeney | Matthew Sweeney | Matthew Gerard Sweeney (6 October 1952 – 5 August 2018) was an Irish poet. His work has been translated into Dutch, Italian, Hebrew, Japanese, Latvian, Mexican Spanish, Romanian, Slovakian and German.
According to the poet Gerard Smyth: "I always sensed that in the first instance [Sweeney] regarded himself as a European rather than an Irish poet – and rightly so: like the German Georg Trakl whom he admired he apprehended the world in a way that challenged our perceptions and commanded our attention." Sweeney's work has been considered "barely touched by the mainstream of English writing" and more so by the German writers Kleist, Büchner, Kafka, Grass and Böll, as well as the aforementioned Trakl. According to Poetry International Web, Sweeney would be among the top five most famous Irish poets on the international scene.
Biography
Sweeney was born at Lifford, County Donegal, in 1952. Growing up in Clonmany, he attended Gormanston College (1965–70). He then read sciences at University College Dublin (1970–72). He went on to study German and English at the Polytechnic of North London, spending a year at the University of Freiburg, before graduating with a BA Honours degree in 1978.
He met Rosemary Barber in 1972. They married in 1979. Two offspring – daughter Nico and son Malvin – were produced before the couple went their separate ways in the early 21st century. Having lived in London for many years until 2001, Sweeney separated from Rosemary and went to live in Timișoara (Romania) and Berlin (Germany). In 2007, he met his partner, Mary Noonan, and in early 2008 he moved to Cork to live with her there.
Work
Sweeney produced numerous collections of poetry for which he won several awards. His novels for children include The Snow Vulture (1992) and Fox (2002). He authored a satirical thriller, co-written with John Hartley Williams, and entitled Death Comes for the Poets (2012).
Bill Swainson, Sweeney's editor at Allison and Busby in the 1980s, recalls: "As well as writing his own poetry, Matthew was a great encourager of poetry in others. The workshops he animated, and later the residencies he undertook, were famous for their geniality and seriousness and fun. Sometime in the late 1980s I attended one of these workshops in an upstairs room of a pub in Lamb's Conduit Street, Bloomsbury, where the poems were circulated anonymously and carefully read and commented on by all. Around the pushed-together tables were Ruth Padel, Eva Salzman, Don Paterson, Maurice Riordan, Jo Shapcott, Lavinia Greenlaw, Michael Donaghy, Maura Dooley and Tim Dooley." Sweeney later had residencies at the University of East Anglia and London's Southbank Centre, among many others. He read at three Rotterdam Poetry Festivals, in 1998, 2003 and 2009.
His final year saw the publication of two new collections: My Life As A Painter (Bloodaxe Books) and King of a Rainy Country (Arc Publications), inspired by Baudelaire's posthumously published Petits poèmes en prose. Having been diagnosed with motor neuron disease the previous year (a fate that had earlier befallen a sister of his), Sweeney died aged 65 at Cork University Hospital on 5 August 2018, surrounded by family and friends. He had continued writing up until three days before he died. In an interview shortly before his death he was quizzed on his legacy, to which he gave the response: "Mostly what awaits the poet is posthumous oblivion. Maybe there will be a young man in Hamburg, or Munich, or possibly Vienna, for whom my German translations will be for a while important – and might just contribute to him becoming a German language poet with Irish leanings." Among those attending a special ceremony on 8 August 2018 at the Triskel Arts Centre in Cork city to celebrate Sweeney's life were fellow poets Jo Shapcott, Thomas McCarthy, Gerry Murphy, Maurice Riordan and Padraig Rooney. On 9 August 2018, Sweeney was buried in Clonmany New Cemetery in County Donegal.
Awards
1984: New Statesman Prudence Farmer Award
1987: Cholmondeley Award
1999: Arts Council Writers' Award
2001: Arts Council of Ireland Writers' bursary
2007: T. S. Eliot Prize (shortlist)
2008: Poetry Now Award (shortlist) for his collection Black Moon
2011: The Steven Kings Award
2012: Maria Elsa Authors and Poets Award
2014: Piggot Poetry Prize (for Horse Music)
Elected a member of Aosdána
Works
Poetry
(Canadian edition, A Picnic on Ice, Signal Editions, Véhicule Press, 2002)
King of a Rainy Country, Arc Publications, September 2018
Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West, Gingko Library, 2019.
Editor
(with Jo Shapcott)
(with Ken Smith and Felix Post)
Novel
Satirical crime novel, co-written with John Hartley Williams
Criticism
With John Hartley Williams
See also
List of University of Freiburg people
References
External links
Official website
Ireland – Matthew Sweeney at Poetry International Web (with poem audio files)
Matthew Sweeney at the Poetry Archive
Some Sweeney poems at Blackbox Manifold, Issue: No. 2 (January 2009)
Review of The Night Post.
Sheridan, Colette. "Matthew Sweeney: 'I prefer not to dwell on my inevitable demise'" (interview), Irish Examiner, 23 April 2018.
1952 births
2018 deaths
Alumni of University College Dublin
Alumni of the University of North London
Aosdána members
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish children's writers
Irish male poets
People from Lifford
University of Freiburg alumni
20th-century Irish poets
20th-century Irish male writers
21st-century Irish poets
21st-century Irish male writers |
17328928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20cruiser%20Isla%20de%20Luz%C3%B3n | Spanish cruiser Isla de Luzón | Isla de Luzón was an protected cruiser of the Spanish Navy which fought in the Battle of Manila Bay.
Technical characteristics
Isla de Luzón was built by Elswick in the United Kingdom. She was laid down on 25 February 1886, launched on 13 November 1886, and completed on 22 September 1887. She had a steel hull and one funnel. She had a large beam for her length, and tended to have poor seakeeping qualities, burying her bow into waves. Small for a protected cruiser, she was often called a gunboat by 1898.
Operational history
Upon completion, Isla de Luzón joined the Metropolitan Fleet in Spain. She participated in the Rif War of 1893–1894, bombarding the reef between Melilla and Chafarinas. When the Philippine Revolution of 1896–1898 broke out in the Philippines, Isla de Luzón was sent there to join the squadron of Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo de Pasaron.
Isla de Luzón was still part of Montojo's squadron when the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898. She was anchored with the squadron in Cañacao Bay under the lee of the Cavite Peninsula east of Sangley Point, Luzon, eight miles southwest of Manila, when, early on the morning of 1 May 1898, the United States Navy's Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey, found Montojo's anchorage and attacked. The resulting Battle of Manila Bay was the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War.
The American squadron made a series of firing passes, wreaking great havoc on the Spanish ships. At first, Dewey's ships concentrated their fire on Montojo's flagship, unprotected cruiser , and on unprotected cruiser , and Isla de Luzón suffered little damage. When Reina Cristina became disabled, Isla de Luzón and her sister ship, , came alongside to assist her under heavy American gunfire.
With Montojo's squadron battered into submission, Isla de Luzón was scuttled in shallow water to avoid capture. She had taken three hits, one of which had disabled one of her guns, and six of her crew had been wounded. After she sank, her upper works remained above water, and a team from gunboat went aboard and set her on fire.
After the United States occupied the Philippines, the United States Navy seized, salvaged, and repaired her and commissioned her as gunboat in 1900 for service in the United States.
See also
Notes
References
Alden, John D. The American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet, 1907–1909. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1972. .
Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. .
Nofi, Albert A. The Spanish–American War. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books Inc., 1996. .
External links
The Spanish–American War Centennial Website: Isla de Luzon
Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: Spanish Navy Ships: Isla de Luzon (Cruiser, 1886–1898)
Navsource.org: USS Isla de Luzon
Isla de Luzon-class cruisers
Ships built on the River Tyne
1886 ships
Spanish–American War cruisers of Spain
Maritime incidents in 1898
Vessels captured by the United States Navy
Shipwrecks of the Spanish–American War
Shipwrecks in the South China Sea
Shipwrecks of the Philippines
Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth |
6900605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanvion%20Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo (born 5 January 1986) is a Belgian footballer with Congolese roots who last played for Romanian club Oțelul Galați as a striker.
Career
Youth career
Yulu-Matondo started his career at the small team of R. Ans F.C. but was discovered by Jupiler League team R.E. Mouscron where he joined the youth team. He developed further with Club Brugge, where he has successfully managed the step from the youth team to the first team.
Club Brugge K.V.
After four years in the youth team, Yulu-Matondo started playing for the first team of Club Brugge in 2005. He scored a goal for Club Brugge in the UEFA Champions League against Juventus.
Roda JC
In the summer of 2007, he moved from Club Brugge to Roda JC.
Levski Sofia
On 30 January 2011, it was announced that Levski Sofia had signed Yulu-Matondo.
K.V.C. Westerlo
On 8 September 2011, he returned to near Belgium, joining K.V.C. Westerlo and signing a one-year contract.
Bury FC
On 11 February 2013, Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo signed for then League 1 outfit Bury FC on non-contract terms after a three-week trial. But after playing in a reserve game against Bolton Wanderers, he was let go by manager Kevin Blackwell.
Honours
Club Brugge
Belgian Cup: 2006–07
References
External links
Profile at LevskiSofia.info
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kinshasa
Belgian footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to Belgium
Club Brugge KV players
Roda JC Kerkrade players
Bury F.C. players
PFC Levski Sofia players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
ASC Oțelul Galați players
Belgian First Division A players
Eredivisie players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Liga I players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate footballers in Egypt
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Romania
Association football forwards |
44496596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.C.%20Tira | F.C. Tira | F.C. Tira (), Moadon Sport Tira, lit. Tira Sport Club (or in short Mem Samekh Tira, lit. F.C. Tira) is an Israeli football club based in Tira. The club is currently in Liga Alef North division.
History
The club was founded in 2005, after the previous clubs of the city, Hapoel Tira and Maccabi Bnei Tira, were folded in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Upon its establishment, F.C. Tira received the players of the defunct Maccabi Bnei Tira, which in the previous season, following failed attempt to promote the club, received itself the players of the defunct Hapoel Tira, which folded due to economic and political problems, after playing for only one season in Liga Artzit, the third tier of Israeli football at the time, in 2003–04.
F.C. Tira folded in 2009, following consistent failures to achieve promotion from Liga Gimel to Liga Bet. However, the club was reformed after one season hiatus, and with the help of Abet Titi and Haim Yirmiyahu, won Liga Gimel Sharon division in the 2010–11 season and promoted to Liga Bet.
In the 2012–13 season, the club finished fourth in Liga Bet South A division and qualified for the promotion play-offs, where they lost 1–2 to Hapoel Bik'at HaYarden in the first round.
Honours
League
1Achieved by Hapoel Tira
Cups
External links
Moadon Sport Tira The Israel Football Association
References
Tira
Association football clubs established in 2005
2005 establishments in Israel
Arab-Israeli football clubs |
20465937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Pape | Albert Pape | Albert Arthur Pape (13 June 1897 – 18 November 1955) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. Born in Elsecar, West Riding of Yorkshire, he played for several clubs in The Football League, including Notts County, Clapton Orient and Manchester United.
Football career
Born in Elsecar, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Pape began his football career with Wath Athletic, a club from the nearby town of Wath-upon-Dearne. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, Pape joined the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and played for the regimental football team, returning to play for Bolton-on-Dearne at the cessation of hostilities. In December 1919, Pape was signed by Rotherham County, who had been elected to the Football League Second Division at the start of the season, and he made a goalscoring debut on 17 January 1920 in a 4–3 win over Coventry City. In four seasons with Rotherham County, Pape scored 41 goals in 113 league appearances, including a spell in the 1922–23 season in which he scored eight goals in five matches.
He signed for Notts County at the end of that season, but made just six appearances in 1923–24 before moving on to Clapton Orient. In eight months with Orient, he scored 11 goals in 24 league matches. In February 1925, Orient travelled to a match against a Manchester United side that had just sold its star striker, Bill Henderson, to Preston North End. United manager John Chapman had telephoned the Orient manager Peter Proudfoot before they left London, and the two clubs agreed a fee of £1,070 for Pape. They met up at Manchester Piccadilly station just after noon, and Pape – who was a friend of the United captain Frank Barson, and had relatives in nearby Bolton – quickly agreed terms. The details were wired to The Football Association and The Football League at around 1:30 p.m., and although Pape had been named in Orient's starting line-up for the match, he was confirmed as a Manchester United player with about an hour left before kick-off. Pape was not only allowed to start the match in the colours of Manchester United, but he also scored the team's third goal in a 4–2 win over his previous employers, as well as hitting the post with a header late in the game. He made 15 further appearances that season, and scored four more goals. He also made two appearances in 1925–26, but he was then sold to Fulham in October 1925. However, he was reluctant to return to London, and only signed with Fulham on the condition that he could continue to live in Bolton and train with Manchester United. Five months later, the two clubs met in the Sixth Round of the FA Cup, and although Pape scored, Manchester United won the match 2–1.
After two seasons with Fulham, in which he scored 12 goals in 42 appearances, Pape dropped out of League football to join North Wales coast side Rhyl Athletic, but he was there for less than six months before joining Hurst back in Manchester for the second half of the 1927–28 season. He scored at a rate of almost one goal a game, and even scored a hat-trick on his debut against Port Vale Reserves in the Cheshire County League. Towards the end of the season, the club suffered a goalkeeping injury crisis, and Pape was forced to play one match in goal. In September 1928, Pape was named as player-coach at Darwen, and was also made club captain. However, five months later, he was signed by Manchester Central, before returning to League football for the start of the 1929–30 season with Hartlepools United. He scored 21 goals in 37 appearances for Hartlepools United in the Football League Third Division North, and was signed by Halifax Town for one final season of League football in July 1930, scoring 15 goals in 25 appearances in 1930–31. He spent time with Burscough Rangers, Horwich RMI and Nelson before retiring from football.
References
General
Specific
External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com
1897 births
1955 deaths
People from Elsecar
English footballers
Association football forwards
Rotherham County F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Rhyl F.C. players
Ashton United F.C. players
Darwen F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Burscough F.C. players
Leigh Genesis F.C. players
Nelson F.C. players
Manchester Central F.C. players
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
British Army personnel of World War I
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry soldiers |
23572280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulga%20Coal | Bulga Coal | Bulga Coal Pty Limited is a coal-mining company based in Singleton, New South Wales, Australia. The company operates two mines Bulga Surface Operations and Beltana Longwall Mining which form the Bulga Coal Complex. The company is a joint venture between Oakbridge Pty Ltd and Nippon Oil Australia Pty Ltd. Bulga Coal currently produces approx 16 million tonnes of coal per year
Company Ownership
Bulga Coal is a joint venture between Oakbridge Pty Limited and Nippon Oil Australia Pty Limited.
Oakbridge Pty Ltd, previously an Australia Public Company listed on the ASX, is currently majority owned by global mining giant Glencore (through its subsidiary Enex Oakbridge Pty Ltd), with a 78% stake hold, with the other stakeholders being Toyota Tsusho Corporation (through Tomen Corporation), JFE SHOJI Trade Corporation, putting the total stake of Glencore in Bulga Coal Pty Ltd at 68.25%
Links to Glencore
The mine is managed by Glencore Coal Assets, Australia
The Bulga Coal complex site is also the headquarters of Glencore Coal NSW (Xstrata Coal's largest operating division) as part of the mine site.
History
The Bulga Coal Complex was originally started by BHP Limited as the Saxonvale Mine in 1982. It was later brought by Elders Resources in 1988, and then sold to Oakbridge Limited in 1989. Shortly after Oakbridge Limited purchased the complex, Japan's Nippon Oil bought part of the mine and renamed it Bulga Coal. Glencore (through Enex Resources Limited) bought a stake in the mine 2000. Glencore's stake was purchased by Xstrata plc when it floated on the LSE.
References
Coal companies of Australia
Coal mines in New South Wales
Xstrata
Singleton Council
Energy companies established in 1982
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1982
1982 establishments in Australia |
6900608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20festivals%20in%20Lethbridge | List of festivals in Lethbridge | The following is a list of festivals and cultural events in Lethbridge, a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. This list includes festivals of diverse types, including regional festivals, commerce festivals, fairs, food festivals, arts festivals, religious festivals, folk festivals, and recurring festivals on holidays.
Festivals by season
Winter
Family Fest (December 31)
Carnevale di Masque (January)
Figure Skating Carnival (February)
Winterfest (February)
Spring
Spring Nature Fest (March)
Kiwanis Music Festival (April)
Lethbridge International Film Festival (April)
Summer
Nature Play Day (June)
Nishikaze Anime Festival (June)
Multicultural Day (last Friday in June)
SOAR Emerging Artists Festival (June)
Centric MusicFest (July)
Street Wheelers (July)
Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival (July)
Heritage Day (first Monday in August)
Whoop-Up Days (August)
Lethbridge Electronic Music Festival (August)
Alberta International Air Show (August)
Autumn
Love & Records (September)
Lethbridge Arts Days (September/October)
Word on the Street Festival (September)
Bright Lights Festival (November)
See also
List of festivals in Alberta
List of festivals in Canada
References
External links
Official city site - Lethbridge events
and
Festivals
Lethrbridge |
6900611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio%20Carbonari | Horacio Carbonari | Horacio Angel Carbonari (born 2 May 1974) is a Argentine former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was nicknamed "Bazooka" due to his powerful free-kicks.
Career
Rosario Central
Born in Santa Teresa, a town in the southern end of Santa Fe Province, Carbonari began his career at Rosario Central. His debut at the first division was in 1993. In the Argentinian club, he won the 1995 Copa CONMEBOL and was the competition's joint top scorer with four goals, having scored twice in the second leg of the final against Atlético Mineiro. From 1993 to 1998, Carbonari played a total of 135 Argentine Primera División matches, scoring 26 goals.
England
Carbonari was signed by Derby County in the summer of 1998 for £3 million by former Derby manager Jim Smith. Carbonari was the first Argentinian ever to play in the Premier League alongside Juan Cobián, who was at Sheffield Wednesday. He quickly became a fans favourite and won praise from the fans after scoring twice against rivals Nottingham Forest in the 1998-99 Premier League.
In 2002, while John Gregory was manager, Carbonari became out-of-favour at the club and had a short loan spell at Coventry City, before being released by Derby in the same year. Carbonari played a total of 90 league matches for the Rams, scoring nine times.
Return to Rosario Central and retirement
Carbonari returned to Rosario Central in 2003, where he suffered from knee injuries. He helped the club to qualify for the 2004 Copa Libertadores, where his club lost to São Paulo in the Round of 16 after the penalty shootout, with Carbonari scoring from the spot. He decided to retire in 2005 after a knee injury ended his season.
At the beginning 2006–07 season, he was appointed the general manager of Rosario Central.
Honours
Rosario Central
Copa Conmebol: 1995
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
People from Constitución Department
Sportspeople from Santa Fe Province
Argentine footballers
Association football defenders
Argentine Primera División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Rosario Central footballers
Derby County F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Argentine football managers
Argentine expatriate footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England |
17328929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Sudden%20Fall | Operation Sudden Fall | Operation Sudden Fall was a 2008 joint operation between the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and San Diego State University (SDSU) campus police investigating drug abuse in the College Area of San Diego, California. It was the largest campus drug bust in San Diego County history and one of the largest college drug busts in U.S. history.
Background
The sting operation was triggered by the overdose death of a 19-year-old female student, who died of a cocaine overdose on May 6, 2007. Another student, from Mesa College, died of an oxycodone overdose on February 26, 2008 while the covert investigation was being conducted. SDSU campus police, initially investigating alone, invited the DEA and the San Diego County District Attorney's office to get involved in the operation starting in December 2007, after the department became overwhelmed by the leads they uncovered.
Results of sting
On May 6, 2008, San Diego State University Police in collaboration with the Drug Enforcement Administration culminated a year-long investigation into drug abuse in the college area with a series of early morning raids at several residences in the college area. The DEA initially announced the arrests of 96 individuals, of whom 75 were San Diego State University students, (many of them interns at Adobe Systems Incorporated) on a variety of drug charges. One day later, on May 7, SDSU officials stated that only 33 were students, and that the inflated numbers issued originally included all drug-related arrests made over the course of the year-long investigation, many of which were months before the raid and most cases for simple possession.
In total, two kilograms of cocaine were seized, along with 350 Ecstasy pills, 50 pounds of marijuana, psychedelic mushrooms, hash oil, methamphetamine, illicit prescription drugs, other drug paraphernalia, three guns, and $60,000 in cash. The day of the sting, SDSU President Stephen Weber spoke at a news conference, while authorities identified 22 SDSU students as drug dealers who sold to undercover agents, and 17 others that had supplied the drugs. The rest of the suspects apparently bought or possessed illegal drugs. Authorities further found that those arrested included students in the campus's Homeland Security and Criminal Justice programs.
Students belonging to campus fraternities were also among those arrested as result of the operation. In the immediate aftermath of the sting, the university placed six of its fraternity chapters on interim suspensions, as each had one or more members or former members arrested as result of the investigation.
Some student groups, including SDSU group "Students for Sensible Drug Policy," protested the arrests, especially SDSU's decision to involve the DEA, a federal agency, in the operation. In addition, they urged the university to adopt a "Good Samaritan" policy that would allow students in an overdose situation to call for help without fear of repercussions.
On May 15, SDSU Vice President for Student Affairs James Kitchen announced that the interim suspensions for three of the fraternities had been lifted after an administrative review found that those arrested in connection to the controlled substances investigation were either inactive/former members of the fraternity and/or were not presently residents of chapter houses.
On November 22, SDSU announced that Phi Kappa Psi had been suspended for 18 months and Theta Chi had been suspended for four years.
Sentencing
Several months after the May 6 announcement, it was reported that the majority of the defendants had pleaded guilty to the felony charges. The defendants were then either placed on probation or were required to enter drug diversion programs. Other defendants only received citations or had their cases dismissed.
See also
California State University Police Department
References
External links
SDSU President Stephen L. Weber Statement as to SDSU Police 2008 Controlled Substances Investigation (accessed May 9, 2008)
SDSU Department of Public Safety (SDSU Police Department)
2008 in California
Drug control law in the United States
Drug Enforcement Administration operations
San Diego State University |
6900616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaheim%20Fire%20%26%20Rescue | Anaheim Fire & Rescue | The Anaheim Fire & Rescue is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Anaheim, California.
History
In 1857 the City of Anaheim was incorporated and the City's volunteer fire system was established. Initially the volunteer department consisted of twenty men. It wasn't until 1915 that the department purchased their first motorized ladder truck. At this time the Anaheim City Council authorized the employment of two full-time firemen. These two men worked 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and lived at the Anaheim Fire Station.
Volunteers continued to provide fire services until 1960, when the number of annual calls reached nearly a thousand and it was felt that the Department should be made up of professionally trained fire personnel.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
Anaheim Fire & Rescue is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residents, covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Fullerton Fire Department, Huntington Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach Fire Department, and Orange Fire Department.
Stations & Apparatus
Anaheim Fire & Rescue is divided into two battalions; Battalion 1 consisting of six fire stations, and Battalion 2 with five stations.
References
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Ambulance services in the United States
Fire Department
Government of Anaheim, California
Medical and health organizations based in California |
23572284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Wallop | Robert Wallop | Robert Wallop (20 July 1601 – 19 November 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times from 1621 to 1660. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War and was one of the regicides of King Charles I of England.
Early life
Wallop was the only son of Sir Henry Wallop of Farleigh Wallop, Hampshire, and his wife, Elizabeth Corbet, daughter of Robert Corbet of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire.
Career
Wallop held demesne lands in both Hampshire and Shropshire, including a manor called "Fitch" which has not been identified by historians, but was potentially located in Shropshire.
In 1621, Wallop was elected Member of Parliament for Andover and re-elected in 1624. In 1625, he was elected MP for Hampshire and re-elected in 1626. He was elected MP for Andover again in 1628 and sat until 1629, when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.
Wallop refused to contribute towards the Bishops' War of 1639–40 out of antipathy to the king. In April 1640, he was elected MP for Andover for the Short Parliament and was re-elected for the Long Parliament in November 1640.
He supported parliament in the Civil War, joining in all the subsequent votes against the king. Nevertheless, the king had such confidence in Wallop's honour that in 1645 he said to Parliament he should be willing to put the militia into Wallop's hands with many noblemen and others upon such terms as his commissioners at Uxbridge had agreed upon; however, this proposal was rejected. Wallop survived Pride's Purge to sit in the Rump Parliament and was named by the army grandees as one of the 59 commissioners who sat in judgement at the trial of Charles I. He attended the trial and sat in the Painted Chamber 15 and 22 January and in Westminster Hall 22 and 23 January, but he did not sign the death warrant.
Under the Commonwealth, Wallop was elected one of the Council of State in 1649 and 1650; however, he submitted to Cromwell's government with very great reluctance, having a determined preference for a republic. He was willing to work against the Cromwellian interest to restore his preferred parliament as a proof of his sentiments and courage. For example, when Cromwell wished to form the First Protectorate Parliament to help in the government of the Protectorate, Cromwell wished to keep Sir Henry Vane out of the parliament. He prevented Vane being returned at Kingston upon Hull and Bristol, though it was said Vane had the majority of votes in those two cities. Wallop supported Vane and used his influence to have Vane chosen by the borough of Whitchurch, Hampshire, which so enraged the Cromwellian faction that they sent a menacing letter to Wallop which was signed by most of the justices of the peace for the county. The letter stated that if Wallop continued to support Vane, they would oppose Wallop's attempt to become an MP. Wallop ignored them, assisted Vane and was elected MP for Hampshire in 1654 in spite of the opposition of the justices of the peace. Wallop was re-elected in 1656 and 1659.
After the fall of the Cromwellian interest, Wallop showed his sincere zeal for the Long Parliament as the support of the republic, and they procured him a seat in 1659 in their council of state. In the following December, having assisted with others in securing Portsmouth, he received their thanks for the good and important services he had rendered them. In April 1660, he was elected MP for Whitchurch in the Convention Parliament, but did not take part in its proceedings and was disabled from sitting on 11 June.
At the restoration of the monarchy, Wallop was excepted from receiving any benefit of his estate under the Act of Indemnity and subjected to further punishment. He was brought up to the bar of the House of Commons with Lord Monson and Sir Henry Mildmay. After being required to confess his guilt, he was sentenced to be degraded from his gentility, drawn upon a sledge to and under the gallows at Tyburn with a halter around his neck and to be imprisoned for life. This sentence was solemnly executed upon him on 30 January 1662, which was the anniversary of the king's execution. He died on 19 November 1667 and his body was sent to Farleigh Wallop to be interred with his ancestors.
Family life
Wallop married Ann Wriothesley, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, by whom he had a son, Henry Wallop, his only child. Henry, through the interest of the then Lord High Treasurer, his maternal uncle Thomas Wriothesley, was permitted to enjoy those estates which his father's treason had forfeited. The biographer Mark Noble suggests that it was most probable on account of his family connection to Wallop that Thomas Wriothesley was so extremely strenuous in favour of those regicides who had surrendered.
Henry married Dorothy Bluet, youngest daughter of John Bluet, and had four sons: Robert, who died in his father's lifetime; Henry, who became heir to his father, but died unmarried; John, who next enjoyed the estate; and Charles, who died unmarried before his father. On 11 June 1720, King George I created Wallop's grandson, John, who became heir to the great estates of the family, Baron Wallop of Farley Wallop and Viscount Lymington, both in the county of Southampton.
References
Attribution
1601 births
1667 deaths
Regicides of Charles I
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1625
English MPs 1626
English MPs 1628–1629
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1659
English MPs 1660
Prisoners in the Tower of London
Robert
English politicians convicted of crimes |
6900619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celia%20Hammond | Celia Hammond | Celia Hammond (born 25 July 1943) is an English former model who has since become known as a campaigner against fur and for neutering of cats to control the feral population.
Early life
Hammond was born to English parents and raised in Australia and Indonesia, where her father was a tea planter.
Modelling career
Hammond began her modelling career at the Lucie Clayton Charm Academy in 1960 and was a graduating classmate of Jean Shrimpton.
She was also the favourite model of photographer Norman Parkinson and credited the rise of her career to him. She was first under contract with Queen Magazine and then transitioned to modelling Paris collections exclusively with Norman Parkinson for a year. Later she began working for Vogue, forming a close working relationship with photographer Terence Donovan. At first happy to model fur, she later became concerned about the cruelty of the fur trade and took a stand against fur. Singer/Songwriter Donovan wrote "Celia Of The Seals" as a tribute to her attitude. She had a long relationship with the guitarist Jeff Beck around 1968~1992.
Celia Hammond Animal Trust
In 1986 she founded the Celia Hammond Animal Trust with the aim of opening a low-cost neutering clinic to control the feral animal population. In 1995, the trust opened London's first low-cost neuter clinic in Lewisham. A second clinic opened in Canning Town in 1999. The Celia Hammond Animal Trust also runs a sanctuary in Brede, East Sussex, for animals which need new homes. In addition to neutering animals, the clinics (and sanctuary) also help to rescue and rehome animals, and now find homes for thousands of cats each year.
See also
List of animal rights advocates
References
External links
CHAT, The Celia Hammond Animal Trust
1941 births
Animal welfare workers
English female models
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
44496609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover%20Expedition | Hanover Expedition | The Hanover Expedition, also known as the Weser Expedition, was a British invasion of the Electorate of Hanover during the Napoleonic Wars. Coordinated as part of an attack on France by the nations of the Third Coalition against Napoleon by William Pitt the Younger and Lord Castlereagh, planning began for an invasion of French territories in July 1805. Hanover, previously a British possession, was chosen as the goal of the expedition, with Swedish and Russian forces under Gustav IV Adolf and Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy brought in to support the endeavour. Key to the success of the invasion was the support of Prussia, a nation poised to threaten France but not as yet openly hostile to the country. Sir George Don commanded the British expedition and he arrived with an army of around 14,000 men at Cuxhaven in November. To bolster the expedition and to strengthen the resolve of Prussia, Don's army was reinforced by 12,000, with Lord Cathcart taking over command.
Coordination between the British, Swedes, and Russians in Hanover was so poor that by December very little past the occupation of Hanover had been achieved. Cathcart grouped his force around the Weser, and soon after learned of the Austro-Russian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, which forced the Austrians to surrender and the Russians to retreat into Poland. With no large armies now protecting Cathcart's force from French attack, the situation was exacerbated when Prussia signed the Treaty of Schönbrunn with France, which created an alliance between the two nations and agreed that Prussia should control Hanover. With French and Prussian forces moving against Hanover, Cathcart's army was recalled in January 1806. The evacuation was completed on 15 February, and Hanover was left to the occupation of a Prussian army. The expedition, while a total failure, had little effect on the British position because of the lack of combat. Its method of quick amphibious transportation and landings of troops on a foreign shore would go on to be imitated in the Walcheren Expedition in 1809.
Background
In the first years of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars Britain found increased difficulty in engaging France in land battles. With British control of the seas and with many of the French colonies already taken because of this, France provided little opportunity for Britain to attack her apart from at sea. The small British Army was not equipped to engage in an invasion of the highly defended French mainland, and so continued to rely on the Royal Navy's blockade of Brest as the best way to impact the French at home. This outlook changed in 1803 when Austria and Russia allied themselves to Britain as part of the Third Coalition. With more militarily impressive allies now available to take the war to France on land, the British Army would be able to do the same, safe in the knowledge that it would not be engaging the French armies alone. This combined with the creation of the King's German Legion in 1804 produced an opportunity for new British Army operations. In around October 1805 Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom was called off and the French army left its encampments at Boulogne to march towards the Russians and Austrians.
With the largest portions of the French army gone, an opening was created for a British incursion into North-West Germany, with particular interest in the re-taking of the Electorate of Hanover, which George III had controlled until 1803, and which had only 4,000 French troops remaining in it. The British Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger, and his Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Lord Castlereagh, were strong supporters of the enterprise, having championed it from as early as July. They envisaged an amphibious army that could be landed at points across Napoleonic Europe, making "pinprick" attacks against enemy targets while avoiding large battles with the French that could result in "crippling defeat". With news of the French withdrawal having reached Britain before its culmination, Castlereagh began planning in September. By taking Hanover, Britain could restore the country to its rightful rulers while also gaining a useful springboard for further operations in Europe. Not all of the establishment was in favour of the endeavour, with the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, the Duke of York, relying on his experience in the Flanders campaign, arguing that expeditions that relied too much on the allies' actions would be difficult.
Planning
Castlereagh estimated that the retirement of the French armies from the Channel coast had freed up between 40,000 and 60,000 British soldiers for service abroad. With this in mind, original estimates for an expedition planned for a large "disposable force" commanded by Lieutenant-General Lord Cathcart. This would have included two divisions of cavalry, one of light dragoons and the other of heavy cavalry, consisting of 9,600 men. Alongside the cavalry plans called for seven divisions of infantry, including four battalions of Foot Guards and forty of line infantry. These divisions would have each had around 5,000 men, and would have been supported by a light infantry brigade of four more infantry battalions, six brigades of Royal Horse Artillery, and ten brigades of Royal Artillery. Military historian C. T. Atkinson suggests that this force, if it had come to fruition, would have been "a really formidable effort".
This large army, while viable on paper, would have been very difficult to form up and transport in reality, and so on 10 October a much smaller army was hastily brought together to cross the North Sea under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir George Don, who was expected to also instigate diplomatic connections with the allied nations. While the original plan had expected the creation of multiple divisions, Don's force was instead made up of two cavalry and six infantry regiments of the King's German Legion (KGL) which were controlled by Brigadier-General Friedrich von der Decken, a brigade of Foot Guards under Major-General Edward Finch, and a brigade of line infantry under Major-General Edward Paget. This totalled between 12,000 and 14,000 men, and Don received his final orders on 16 October. Von der Decken planned the operation, ensuring that the force would be transported quickly to avoid the coming of the harsh northern winter that would freeze the ports and rivers necessary in disembarking the troops.
It was initially planned that Don would go ahead of his force to ensure that they would receive a positive welcome upon their landing, but this duty was instead taken by the politician Lord Harrowby on 25 October. Harrowby's mission was to Berlin and the court of Prussia, with the intention of enticing that nation into joining the Third Coalition. He was authorised to offer a gift of £2,500,000 to ensure this. Castlereagh believed that only the wavering support of Prussia could stop Don's expedition from being successful, and by the end of October it was thought that Prussia's entry into the conflict was imminent. Pitt, in turn, was of the mind that success could bring about "Bonaparte's army either cut off or driven back to France".
Expedition
Initial landing
It was expected that Don's force would sail immediately, but with the wind against them their troopships only succeeded in arriving at Cuxhaven on 19 November. The crossing was difficult, and at least five ships did not complete it, spending seventeen days at sea before returning to Harwich with a portion of the KGL cavalry still on board. The expedition went on despite this loss. A Swedish force of 10,000 men paid for by Britain was poised to attack from Stralsund, and they were joined by 20,000 Russians under Lieutenant-General Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy. The British were not the first part of the Third Coalition to enter Hanover, as a Russian force had earlier arrived to blockade Hamelin, still garrisoned by the French and the only position left to them. Despite this Don's army received a warm welcome, and they quickly secured lines of supplies, while the KGL took advantage of being back in Germany to increase their numbers with local recruits. Four infantry battalions, two of the KGL and two of line infantry, were sent to join the Russians at Hamelin, while other portions of the force were split off to go to the Ems and Weser rivers. The neutral Prussian army had also entered French-controlled lands, south of Hanover, commanded by the Duke of Brunswick, but quickly looked for their forces to be replaced by those of the coalition.
Don's position on the continent was tenuous but not immediately threatened. Napoleon had beaten an Austrian army, that did not wait for Russian assistance before advancing, at the Battle of Ulm, but in doing so had stretched his lines of communication too far and was unable to advance further, giving time for Britain's allies to reinforce their armies. When fully organised, Don's force stretched in a line between the Weser and Verden, supported with Tolstoy's Russians to the right of him. While still not part of the Third Coalition, Prussia was on increasingly poor terms with France because of incursions made by the French into Ansbach, and Pitt hoped that Prussia would join the Coalition because of this. With Napoleon placed just to the south of Prussian lands, an advance by a Prussian army would put him in a very precarious situation. Realising this, Pitt decided to strengthen the British expeditionary force, hoping this would entice Prussia into more warlike actions. The diplomatic situation was complicated because Prussia also coveted Hanover, and Napoleon had offered it to Prussia in return for aggression towards Austria. Despite this difficulty, Pitt and Castlereagh were encouraged by the absence of the expected harsh winter weather and continued to move forward with their plans.
Expedition expanded
While Pitt decided on his next actions, Don began to plan an attack into Holland alongside Tolstoy. Their plan was slowed by the reticence of the Swedish force and the continuing confusion surrounding the intentions of the Prussians. Tolstoy eventually decided that he could not invest enough men into an invasion and ensure the continued blockade of Hamelin, and no attack took place. It was afterwards decided that Don's force, then spread about, would be brought together as one field army. On 27 November this new command was given to Cathcart, who would bring 12,000 reinforcements with him to bolster his army. Don was superseded, but continued with the army as its second in command. Cathcart, who had been preparing to serve as ambassador-extraordinary to Russia and Prussia, was titled "Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in Northern Europe", and was given control over Russian, Swedish, or Prussian troops as well. Harrowby began reporting that the Prussians were inclining towards neutrality in the conflict.
Cathcart was issued his orders on 5 December, which expected him to work to the best of his abilities with the armies of the allied nations, but not endanger Hanover. Despite this aggressive step, Cathcart was also warned to take caution in his warlike manoeuvres; even if he put his army under the command of another force, such as that of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden at Stralsund, he was allowed to refuse action if he deemed it too dangerous. Castlereagh even suggested that Cathcart attempt to link up with the main Russian army advancing from the east, but this was a logistically difficult proposition. Cathcart arrived at Cuxhaven on 15 December, making his headquarters at Bremen. He began to prepare for the upcoming campaign, discussing how to communicate if the rivers of Heligoland should freeze over, considering whether to advance on Holland or the Lower Rhine, and bringing his army together around the Weser. Before being withdrawn, the units stationed at Hamelin briefly skirmished with the defending French on 22 December, marking the only combat engaged by any of the force. Word of the Battle of Austerlitz threw Cathcart's plans into confusion. There on 2 December a Russo-Austrian army had been soundly defeated by Napoleon, and Austria had surrendered in consequence, with both allied armies all but destroyed. The chance of Prussia entering the conflict was heavily diminished, and the remaining Russian forces began to withdraw towards Poland.
Offensive breaks down
Cathcart had come ahead of his reinforcements, and their ships only arrived in the Weser on 27 December, with two divisions under Lieutenant-Generals Francis Dundas and George Ludlow. In these were four infantry brigades, commanded by Major-Generals Rowland Hill, Sir Arthur Wellesley, Alexander Mackenzie Fraser, and John Coape Sherbrooke, with three companies of Royal Artillery and some Royal Engineers attached. The news of Austerlitz reached Britain on 28 December, but it was still hoped that Prussia would not cease fighting against France, and that Russia might hold on in the west. Without the larger Russian and Austrian armies standing as a buffer between the French forces and Cathcart's army, the latter's position in Hanover became untenable. Despite its now increasingly precarious position, Cathcart's force was kept in Hanover in the hope that its presence might still encourage the Prussians, and an uneasy cooperation with the Prussian General Count von Kalckreuth continued. The reinforcements in the Weser landed and joined Cathcart's army, despite there being no clear view of what they might be used for.
This injection of new troops was not the boon it might have been for Cathcart, because on top of the decaying strategic situation, the troopships had sailed through rough weather in the North Sea. Hardly any of the battalions embarked succeeded in reaching Cathcart whole; the troopship Ariadne, carrying the headquarters party and 300 men of the 9th Regiment of Foot, was wrecked near Calais and all on board were taken as prisoners of war. The same happened to half of the 5th Regiment of Foot, while losses were also encountered in the 3rd, 30th, and 89th Regiments of Foot, the latter of which lost 150 men killed and a further 150 captured. The 26th Regiment of Foot was the hardest hit in the crossing, with one troopship being wrecked on the Goodwin Sands with the loss of all on board, and another wrecked off the coast of Holland, totalling between them 500 deaths. Other units were also depleted, but not by shipwrecks, with over 1,000 men returning to Britain when ships were unable to reach their destination. Only the 28th and 36th Regiments of Foot succeeded in arriving substantially intact, but large portions of Cathcart's reinforcements were so badly depleted that they were incapable of further operations, with over 1,000 people having been killed.
Cathcart could do little with his new troops, and had further problems with the local intelligence. On 28 December Castlereagh complained that the situation in Hanover was almost unknown to him, being reliant on French and Dutch newspapers more than anything. In some ways, Cathcart's army knew less than him; Wellesley reported around the same time that "they appear to have very little intelligence in this place, except what they receive from England".
Evacuation
Prussian troops were still present in Hanover, dating from the period before Austerlitz when Prussia was considering more offensive actions against France. Despite Prussia being the reason for Cathcart's continued presence on the continent, he was unimpressed with them, writing that they were "strong numerically, but not in quality". Cathcart kept his army in Hanover in the hope that Russia would continue to fight and that Prussia would finally officially enter the conflict, but he also began to plan routes of retreat, expecting that if the rivers froze and they were not able to sail home, that the army could march towards Swedish Pomerania. The army continued in its positions, awaiting official instructions from Britain. By 29 December the state of Cathcart's allies was so poor that Castlereagh admitted to him that the possibility of supporting them with the British force was now completely gone.
Castlereagh was aware of Cathcart's difficulties, writing to him that he should continue to support the Russians and Prussians where possible, but that the Prussians were untrustworthy and he should not go on the offensive unless Prussian assistance was guaranteed. Prussia was also suspected of plotting to force Cathcart to leave the German soldiers of the KGL in Hanover under Prussian command. Castlereagh and Cathcart were both heavily resistant to this, and the latter ensured that in the case of an evacuation the KGL would leave first. Pitt's health was severely declining and he had retired to Bath; with the prime minister unavailable, the Cabinet began to send troopships to Cathcart in preparation for an evacuation. The remaining troopships at Ramsgate waiting to make the voyage to Hanover had their men disembarked on 30 December, and were instead sent as part of this force. On 5 January 1806 it was decided that no more troops would be sent to Hanover. Two days later it was discovered that on 14 December Prussia had ratified the Treaty of Schönbrunn, a defensive and offensive alliance with France in which Prussia was given leave to occupy Hanover. Prussia also began to withdraw Tolstoy's force, which had been left under its auspices by the retreating Alexander I of Russia. With Prussia now advancing to occupy Hanover with 50,000 men and with rumours growing that a French force of three divisions was preparing to attack from Holland, orders were sent for Cathcart to evacuate on 19 January.
Cathcart received his instructions at the end of the month, and quickly put them into effect. His army by this time had grown to 26,643 men because of recruitment by the KGL which resulted in it returning to Britain with more battalions and depots than it had left with; only around 14,000 were British infantry. The first to leave were the KGL and the four British battalions that had been most weakened in the crossings of the North Sea. By 12 February the last of the army had been embarked, and Cathcart left Hanover on 15 February. Von der Decken, who had served the expedition as quartermaster general to both the British and Russian forces, stayed behind to ensure that all British debts were paid. He finally returned in May.
Aftermath
With the British force gone and the Russians under Prussian control, Hanover was occupied by Prussia. In Britain, the remains of Cathcart's force were split up along the south coast of England to serve as a deterrent to invasion. Prussia was forced by France to close all its north German ports to British traffic, and this caused Britain to declare war on Prussia on 21 April. The expedition was the last military endeavour planned and orchestrated by Pitt. It had achieved nothing, but had not been a great loss of men or material, and Castlereagh would later write that he was well satisfied with Cathcart's actions, war-related losses having been minor. Some senior generals in the army were angered by the failure of the expedition, feeling that its control by civilian politicians trying to be military experts had caused its failure. Critics suggested that if the expedition had been sent to join Lieutenant-General Sir James Craig's Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples then Britain might have had one successful expedition instead of two failures. Positively, however, Hanover had shown that the navy could transport large groups of soldiers across seas at short notice, and in relatively good order barring bad weather.
Lessons were, however, not fully learned. Pitt died on 23 January, having been further weakened by the knowledge that Britain was alone in war against France, her allies defeated and the British once more pushed from the continent. His government was replaced, and future expeditions with equally poor results, such as the Walcheren Expedition, would be launched in imitation of the Hanover Expedition. Castlereagh's disposable force of 30,000 men remained in existence, but by March 1807 it had dwindled to 12,000 men, with the fleet of troopships created to assist in transporting it dispersed for other uses.
Opinions on the expedition have been varied. Atkinson argues that the failure of the expedition was the fault of Britain's allies on the continent, rather than the politicians who had ordered the endeavour. Pitt and Castlereagh had reacted quickly to the opportunity to attack Germany, and Atkinson says that the Austrians and Russians made enough mistakes that Napoleon was able to take advantage and defeat them; without them Cathcart's army could do, and did, nothing. On the other hand, military historian Sir John Fortescue is more critical of the expedition, describing it as an "egregious farce". However, he agrees that the plan behind the expedition was sound in theory, its execution being let down by the rulers of the allied nations; while complimentary to Pitt's attempts to strike a blow against France, he is derisory of the other leaders, calling those of Russia and Sweden "insane", that of Prussia "contemptible", and Austria "weak". This need to rely on the actions of Britain's allies in order to succeed has been echoed by historian Alexander Mikaberidze. Glover writes succinctly that "[The British] had enlisted a few hundred recruits for the King's German Legion, they had offended the King of Prussia, but they had not caused Napoleon a moment's worry". The Third Coalition completed its final collapse in July 1806.
British Expeditionary Force
Notes and citations
Notes
Citations
References
Conflicts in 1805
Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars
Battles of the War of the Third Coalition
Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom
Electorate of Hanover
Military campaigns involving France |
17328933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd%27s%20Windmill | Boyd's Windmill | Boyd's Windmill, also known as Boyd's Wind Grist Mill, is a historic smock mill at Paradise Valley Park on Prospect Avenue in Middletown, Rhode Island. John Peterson built the windmill at the corner of Mill Lane and West Main Rd. in Portsmouth, Rhode Island in 1810, and William Boyd purchased it in 1815. It originally had four common sails, but four more were added by the family. The mill is a timber-frame structure, octagonal in shape, and about tall, with a rotating cap powered by eight vanes with canvas sheets. The grindstones in the middle of the mill are Fall River granite; the upper one, which is connected to the power mechanisms, rotates six times for each turn of the mill's main shaft. In 1916 Benjamin Boyd removed the original vanes and powered the mill using a gasoline engine. It is one of only two historic windmills (out of what was estimated to be more than thirty) to survive on Aquidneck Island.
Boyd's Mill features prominently on the town seal of Middletown.
The windmill was restored by the Middletown Historical Society after receiving it as a donation in 1990 and moving it to Paradise Valley Park in Middletown. The windmill is open to the public on Sunday afternoons in July, August and September.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Boyd Windmill History
Middletown Historical Society
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Mill museums in the United States
Windmills completed in 1810
Museums in Newport County, Rhode Island
Smock mills in the United States
Multi-sailed windmills
Industry museums in Rhode Island
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
Octagonal buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island
Windmills in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1810 establishments in Rhode Island |
23572297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20cricket%20team%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20in%202009 | Canadian cricket team in the Netherlands in 2009 | The Canadian cricket team toured the Netherlands in 2009. They played two One Day Internationals and an Intercontinental Cup match against the Netherlands.
Intercontinental Cup match
ODI series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
2009 in cricket
2009 in Dutch sport
International cricket competitions in 2009
Canadian cricket tours abroad
International cricket tours of the Netherlands
Canada–Netherlands relations |
23572307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20Trinity%20Church%2C%20Yerevan | Holy Trinity Church, Yerevan | Holy Trinity Church ( Surp Yerrordut'yun Yekeghets'i) is an Armenian Apostolic Church constructed in 2003 in the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan, Armenia. It is modeled after the 7th century Zvartnots Cathedral.
The construction works of the church planned to be built on the South-Western District of Yerevan started in March 2001. The Church was built according to the project of architect Baghdasar Arzoumanian with the sponsorship of American Armenian national benefactor Mrs. Louise Simone Manoogian. On November 9, 2004, Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians, presided over the ceremony of consecration of the crosses of the Church of Holy Trinity. The Church of Holy Trinity was consecrated by Karekin II on November 20, 2005.
Gallery
External links
Holy Trinity Church - Araratian Diocese
About the Holy Trinity Church in Yerevan
Armenian Apostolic church buildings in Yerevan
Churches completed in 2003 |
17328938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20league%20ranking | Sports league ranking | In a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss.
In most sports, with association football generally being an exception, teams with the better records are awarded the advantage of playing in the postseason and all the glory that accompanies this privilege.
In leagues that use promotion and relegation, being in or near last place typically results in relegation to the next-lower league, although in some leagues, teams that finish near but not at the bottom may enter a promotion/relegation playoff with one or more teams from the next-lower league, and some other leagues relegate teams based on performance over multiple seasons. In leagues with franchise systems, such as those in the US and Canada and in Australia, being in last place is only harmful to the team's reputation and not its place in the league. However, in some franchised leagues, the last place finisher may receive special compensation, such as being offered the first draft choice.
By sport
Association football
Most association football leagues do not directly use teams' won-drawn-lost record to determine ranking. Instead, a points system is used: 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for a loss.
This system is also used in group stages of major international competitions (such as the FIFA World Cup) and international club competitions (such as the UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores).
All competitions also have a tiebreaking procedure to separate teams that are level on points.
Most leagues determine their champions solely by regular-season standings. The most notable exceptions to this rule are leagues in North America and Australia. The top leagues in both regions—Major League Soccer (MLS) in the United States and Canada, Liga MX in Mexico, and the A-League in Australia (plus one team in New Zealand)—operate playoff systems to determine the season champion (or, in Mexico, two season champions). MLS and the A-League are franchised, while Liga MX uses promotion and relegation.
As a general rule, teams that finish sufficiently high on the regular-season table also earn the right to play in the next edition of one of the international club competitions for their region. For example, European clubs (more precisely, clubs in areas governed by UEFA, which includes several countries that lie partially or totally outside geographic Europe) can qualify for the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, or UEFA Europa Conference League. Similarly, top teams in other parts of the world can qualify for the Copa Libertadores, AFC Champions League, CAF Champions League, CONCACAF Champions League, or OFC Champions League.
Cricket
In most T20 cricket leagues, the top four teams from the group stage advance to the playoffs, which are held under the Page playoff format.
Initially in the Indian Premier League, there were 52 matches in each league. This was increased to 96 matches in 2011. The top three teams in this league used to automatically make it to the now-defunct Champions League Twenty20, held by International Cricket Council every year.
Baseball
In Major League Baseball, there are three divisions in each league. The leader in each division automatically makes the playoffs, regardless of record. As of 2012, two additional teams, known as the wild cards, play one game to determine who will face the division winner with the best record. From 1995 to 2011, a single wild card team reached the playoffs; before 1969 one team from each league reached the World Series, and from 1969 to 1993 each league had two divisions, whose leaders played a series to determine the league champion and entrant in the World Series. The 1994 season was played using a three-division, one-wild-card setup, but a labor dispute ended the season before these honors could be earned by any team (the first time in 90 years the United States would be without a World Series).
In the Division Series, the team with the best record of the three plays the wild card survivor, and the other two teams play each other in a best-of-five playoff. Beginning with the 2012 postseason, the team with the best record plays the wild-card survivor, regardless of divisional alignment. Previously, teams from the same division were not allowed to meet in the Division Series. The winners of each series play each other in a League Championship Series in a best-of-seven playoff to determine the pennant winner. The two pennant winners then play a best-of-seven series known as the World Series to determine the champion.
Basketball and Hockey
In the NBA and NHL, finishing in last place does not guarantee the first draft choice. Rather, a lottery is used between all of the lower-ranking teams (The 14 out of 30 that failed to reach the postseason). The team with the worst record is given the highest odds of winning the lottery (often 4-to-1), but is not guaranteed the first choice. In the NBA, the first three draft choices are chosen via the lottery, and each winning team receives the draft place it won in the lottery. In the NHL, only one lottery winner is chosen, and if the team is not one of the four worst teams record-wise in the league, it improves four positions in the draft. If the team is one of the worst four, it receives the first draft choice. In both leagues, the remaining teams are sorted by their records during the regular season (lottery teams) or playoff performance. The lottery only affects the first round of the draft. This format is used to prevent a team from losing intentionally in order to automatically gain the first draft choice privilege.
American football
In the NFL, there are two conferences—the AFC and NFC—which are each divided into four divisions—North, South, East, and West. The winner of each division plus three "wild card" teams from each conference advance to the playoffs. The team with the best record in each conference receives a bye in the first round of the playoffs, known as the Wild Card Round, and automatically advances to the Divisional Round (second round). The six other teams play single-elimination games; the lowest seed of the three winners advances to play the bye team, while the other two Wild Card Round winners play one another. The Divisional Round winners advance to the conference championship games and then to the Super Bowl, where the winner receives the Lombardi Trophy and title of Super Bowl Champion, along with championship rings for each member. The NFL Draft is held every April and the order of selection is based on the records from the 16-game regular season, from worst to best, with the Super Bowl champions selecting last. Trading rules are the same as in basketball and hockey, and trading the rights of players after they have been drafted but before they have signed a contract is not uncommon.
Rugby union
As with association football, most leagues in rugby union use a points system to determine ranking. The most commonly used system in the sport is:
Base points: Win: 4, Draw: 2, Loss: 0
Bonus points:
1 point for scoring 4 or more tries. In France's professional league, the try bonus is awarded to a team that scores at least 3 more tries than its opponent.
1 point for losing by 7 points or less (the value of a converted try)
This system is used in the group stages of all competitions operated by World Rugby, such as the Rugby World Cup. It is also used in group stages of most international club competitions, including the Heineken Cup.
While The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere has always used the standard bonus points system, its Northern Hemisphere counterpart, the Six Nations Championship, did not use said system until 2017. It instead used a system with no bonus points: Win: 2 points, Draw: 1 point, Loss: 0 points. When the Six Nations adopted the standard bonus points system, it added a provision that a team that completes the Grand Slam by defeating all other opponents receives 3 extra table points. This ensures that a Grand Slam winner will win the championship regardless of bonus points earned by any other teams. All competitions also have a tiebreaking procedure to separate teams that are level on points.
Unlike most association football leagues, rugby union leagues generally determine their champions in a knockout playoff. The most common system is a four-team Shaughnessy playoff, though France's Top 14 has a six-team playoff.
See also
Elimination from possibility of reaching postseason
Footnotes
References
Terminology used in multiple sports |
44496624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20subflavescens | Cliniodes subflavescens | Cliniodes subflavescens is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in southern Brazil, north to the Federal District.
Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February, April, May and from September to December.
Etymology
The species name is derived from Latin subflavescere (meaning to become slightly yellow).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
20465970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Boyle%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201901%29 | Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1901) | Thomas Boyle (21 February 1901 – 9 January 1972) was an English footballer who played as an inside right or right half. He played for Sheffield United, Manchester United and Northampton Town, winning the FA Cup with Sheffield United in 1925. He later spent a season as player-manager of Scarborough.
Playing career
Born in Sheffield, Boyle was spotted playing for the Bullcroft Colliery team and signed for Sheffield United in 1921. He initially found it difficult to establish himself in the first team, but over time his form improved, particularly his heading, which was a factor in him being selected for the 1925 FA Cup Final ahead of the more experienced Tommy Sampy. He left the Blades in 1929 after making over 140 appearances and scoring 40 goals.
Boyle signed for Manchester United for £2,000, but failed to settle and spent only one relatively unproductive season at Old Trafford in which he made just 17 starts. He was registered as a player by Macclesfield Town in May 1930 but by July of the same year had left for Northampton Town where he spent a successful five seasons, starting over 140 games for the Cobblers.
In 1935, Boyle was appointed player-manager of non-league Scarborough where he spent a reasonably successful season before retiring.
Personal life
Boyle was the son of Irish international Peter Boyle who had also lifted the FA Cup trophy with Sheffield United in both 1899 and 1902. After leaving Scarborough, Boyle became the licensee of the Plough Inn in nearby Scalby, North Yorkshire.
Honours
Sheffield United
FA Cup: 1924–25
References
External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com
1901 births
1972 deaths
Footballers from Sheffield
English footballers
Association football inside forwards
Bullcroft Main Colliery F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Scarborough F.C. managers
People from the Borough of Scarborough
English people of Irish descent
FA Cup Final players |
20465974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renos%20Doweiya | Renos Doweiya | Jalon Renos Doweiya (born 16 November 1983) is a Nauruan weightlifter.
At the Commonwealth Games in Manchester in 2002 he finished in third place in the 77 kg weight class. However, this was later upgraded to a silver medal after Indian Satheesha Rai was disqualified due to doping. He also won gold medals at the Oceania Games, in both 2001 and 2002.
References
Nauruan male weightlifters
1983 births
Living people
Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting
Weightlifters at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Nauru |
20465983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo%20Artist%3A%20Kenojuak | Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak | Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak is a 1964 Canadian short,documentary film about Inuk artist Kenojuak Ashevak, directed by John Feeney. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
Regarding the use of the term "Eskimo" in the title, Feeney wrote in 1993 that he had suggested using the now-accepted term "Inuit" in the film, but had been told that it would be confusing for non-Inuit audiences of the day.
Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak found new life again in 1992, when filmmakers Colin Low and Tony Ianzelo combined archival and contemporary footage of Kenojuak in Momentum, Canada's IMAX HD film for Expo '92.
References
External links
Watch the film at NFB.ca
1960s English-language films
1964 documentary films
1964 short films
Canadian short documentary films
Inuktitut-language films
National Film Board of Canada documentaries
Films directed by John Feeney
Documentary films about visual artists
Documentary films about women
Inuit art
Films produced by Tom Daly
National Film Board of Canada short films
Documentary films about Inuit in Canada
Quebec films
1960s short documentary films
Inuit films
Films about Inuit in Canada
1960s Canadian films |
20466001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța.
Club career
Anghel played for his native club Farul Constanța. He joined Ukrainian First League side FC Stal Alchevsk during the 2003–04 season, and helped the club reach the quarter-finals of the Ukrainian Cup. He then moved to Hungary playing for BVSC Budapest and Kaposvári Rákóczi.
Coaching career
After his retirement he worked as head coach for CSO Ovidiu and Viitorul Constanța.
Honours
Coach
Viitorul Constanța
Liga III: 2009–10
References
Sportspeople from Constanța
1974 births
Living people
Romanian footballers
Association football midfielders
FCV Farul Constanța players
Budapesti VSC footballers
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
FC Stal Alchevsk players
FC Irtysh Pavlodar players
Romanian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Liga I players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Romanian football managers
FC Viitorul Constanţa managers
Association football forwards |
17328940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawyawm | Gawyawm | Gawyawm is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6900622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame%20Bovary%20%281949%20film%29 | Madame Bovary (1949 film) | Madame Bovary is a 1949 American romantic drama, a film adaptation of the classic 1857 novel of the same name by Gustave Flaubert. It stars Jennifer Jones, James Mason, Van Heflin, Louis Jourdan, Alf Kjellin (billed as Christopher Kent), Gene Lockhart, Frank Allenby and Gladys Cooper.
It was directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by Pandro S. Berman, from a screenplay by Robert Ardrey based on the Flaubert novel. The music score was by Miklós Rózsa, the cinematography by Robert H. Planck and the art direction by Cedric Gibbons and Jack Martin Smith.
The film was a project of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios and Lana Turner was set to star, but when pregnancy forced her to withdraw, Jones stepped into the title role. Production ran from mid-December 1948 to mid-March 1949 and the film premiered the following August.
The story of a frivolous and adulterous wife presented censorship issues with the Motion Picture Production Code. A plot device which structured the story around author Flaubert's obscenity trial was developed to placate the censors. One famous sequence of the film is an elaborately choreographed ball sequence set to composer Miklós Rózsa's film score.
The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration in 1950 for Cedric Gibbons, Jack Martin Smith, Edwin B. Willis and Richard Pefferle.
Plot
In an 1850s Paris courtroom, author Gustave Flaubert attempts to prevent the banning of his novel Madame Bovary. His accusers have described the book's title character as shocking and immoral. Flaubert counters with a narration of Bovary's story from his own realist perspective. Thus, we are introduced to 20-year-old Emma, a lonely woman who fantasizes a perfect life for herself. She falls in love with Dr. Charles Bovary. The two are married and move into a small house in Normandy which Emma re-decorates lavishly, incurring much debt. Emma, bemoaning her lack of social status, tells Charles she wants a baby boy, someone not confined in accordance with restoration France's repressive cultural norms. Instead, Emma gives birth to a girl, Berthe. She soon tires of her role as mother and leaves Berthe's upbringing to her nanny. Unhappy with her life, Emma embarks on a relationship with Leon Dupuis, but his mother induces him to move to Paris and enroll in law school.
After Charles fails to match her lofty expectations of "heroic country doctor", Emma succumbs to the advances of aristocrat Rodolphe Boulanger, who then abandons her. A heartbroken Emma attempts suicide, but Charles intervenes. She endures several months of severe depression, but eventually recovers. Sometime after, Emma and Charles attend an opera in nearby Rouen. There, they encounter Leon, who has returned from Paris. Leon brags of attaining his law credentials and earning a lot of money. At first Emma rejects Leon's subsequent attempts to renew their affair, but she finally consents. When Emma returns home, she finds that the Bovarys' outstanding remodeling debts have come back to haunt them when their house is put up for sale to satisfy creditors. One of them offers to forgive Emma's debts in exchange for sexual favors. She refuses, deciding instead to approach Leon for money. However, Leon admits he has no money to lend her, confessing that he is only a law clerk. Finally, Emma turns to Rodolphe, but he flatly refuses to help. Rather than endure shame for what she has caused, Emma breaks into the village apothecary and swallows arsenic. Although Charles attempts to save her, Emma dies. The film then returns to Flaubert and the courtroom. In the end, it is decided the author's novel will not be blocked from publication.
Cast
Jennifer Jones as Emma Bovary
Van Heflin as Charles Bovary
Louis Jourdan as Rodolphe Boulanger
James Mason as Gustave Flaubert
Alf Kjellin (billed as Christopher Kent) as Leon Dupuis
Gene Lockhart as J. Homais
Frank Allenby as Lheureux
Gladys Cooper as Madame Dupuis
John Abbott as Mayor Tuvache
Harry Morgan as Hyppolyte
George Zucco as Dubocage
Ellen Corby as Félicité
Eduard Franz as Rouault
Henri Letondal as Guillaumin
Esther Somers as Madame Lefrançois
Paul Cavanagh as Marquis D'Andervilliers
Larry Simms as Justin
Vernon Steele as Priest
Production
Lana Turner says it was the only film she turned down at MGM in her time there. She says she "got myself suspended. And it was a stinker!"
Reception
Reviews from critics were mixed. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was mostly positive, calling it a "faithful transcription" of the novel with an understanding of the protagonist "beautifully and tenderly put forth in the patient unfolding of the story which a cohort of talents has contrived." Crowther suggested, however, that Jones was "a little bit light for supporting the anguish of this classic dame." Variety called the film "interesting to watch but hard to feel. It is a curiously unemotional account of some rather basic emotions and this failure to plumb beneath its characters lessens the broad, general appeal somewhat. However, the surface treatment of Vincente Minnelli's direction is slick and attractively presented."
Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it a "persuasive picture", with Jones "bringing a depth of acting infrequently seen on the screen and a performance that far outweighs any of her previous ones." Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "If one is patient with the slowness of 'Madame Bovary' he or she will find unique interest in this picture because in treatment and character it is well off the beaten path in Hollywood productions." However, Schallert found Jones to be "erratic in the quality of her presentation. She is pictorial on all occasions, surprisingly fine at times, very uncertain and wavering in her delineation at others." Harrison's Reports published a negative review, calling the direction "heavy-handed" and the story "very unpleasant and slow-moving, and not one of the principal characters wins any sympathy, not even the heroine's ill-treated husband, a weakling who humbly accepts her sinning." Philip Hamburger of The New Yorker called it "a dull-witted adaptation of the Flaubert classic. As interpreted by Miss Jones, Mme. Bovary could be Mme. X or Mme. Defarge, or Mme. Typhoid Mary, so amateurish and flaccid was her acting."
According to MGM records the film earned $1,132,000 in the US and Canada and $884,000 overseas resulting in a loss of $910,000.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated
References
Epstein, Edward J. (1995). Portrait of Jennifer. New York, Simon & Schuster. .
Minnelli, Vincente (1990). I Remember It Well. New York, Samuel French .
External links
1949 films
1948 romantic drama films
1948 films
Adultery in films
American black-and-white films
Films based on Madame Bovary
Films directed by Vincente Minnelli
Films with screenplays by Robert Ardrey
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films scored by Miklós Rózsa
Films about infidelity
Films set in the 19th century
1949 drama films |
6900637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch%20atop%20a%20Skyscraper | Lunch atop a Skyscraper | Lunch atop a Skyscraper is a black-and-white photograph taken on September 20, 1932, of eleven ironworkers sitting on a steel beam above the ground on the sixty-ninth floor of the RCA Building in Manhattan, New York City. It was arranged as a publicity stunt, part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper. The photograph was first published in October 1932 during the construction of Rockefeller Center. It was later acquired by Corbis Images in 1995.
The image is often misattributed to Lewis Hine; the identity of the photographer remains unknown. Evidence emerged indicating it may have been taken by Charles C. Ebbets, but it was later found that other photographers had been present at the shoot as well. Many claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image, though only a few have been definitively identified. Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, referred to the image as "a piece of American history". The 2012 documentary film Men at Lunch is based on the photograph.
Overview
The photograph depicts eleven men eating lunch while sitting on a steel beam above the ground on the sixty-ninth floor of the near-completed RCA Building (now known as 30 Rockefeller Plaza) at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, on September 20, 1932. These men were immigrant ironworkers employed at the RCA Building during the construction of Rockefeller Center. They were accustomed to walking along the girders. The photograph was taken as part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper. Other photographs taken depict the workers throwing a football and pretending to sleep on the girder. Central Park is visible in the background.
The photograph was first published in the Sunday supplement of the New York Herald Tribune on October 2, 1932, with the caption: "Lunch Atop a Skyscraper".
History
In 1995, Corbis Images, a company that provides archived images to professional photographers, bought a collection of over eleven million images called the Bettmann Archive. The Lunch atop a Skyscraper photograph was in the Acme Newspictures archive, a part of the Bettmann Archive collection, although it was uncredited. According to Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, the image was initially received in a Manila paper envelope. The original negative of the photograph was made of glass, which had broken into five pieces. It is stored in a humidity and temperature-controlled preservation facility at the Iron Mountain storage facility in Pennsylvania.
Identification
Photographer
The identity of the photographer is unknown. It was often misattributed to Lewis Hine, a Works Progress Administration photographer, from the mistaken assumption that the structure is the Empire State Building. In 1998, Tami Ebbets Hahn, a resident of Wilmington, North Carolina, noticed a poster of the image and speculated that it was one of her father's (Charles C. Ebbets; 1905–1978) photographs. In 2003, she contacted Johnston. Corbis hired Marksmen Inc., a private investigation firm, to find the photographer. An investigator discovered an article from The Washington Post, which credited the image to Hamilton Wright. The Wright family, however, was not familiar with the photograph. It was common for Wright to receive credit for photographs taken by those working for him; Hahn's father had worked for the Hamilton Wright Features syndicate. In 1932, Ebbets had been appointed the photographic director of Rockefeller Center, responsible for publicizing the new skyscraper. Hahn found her father's paycheck of $1.50 per hour (equivalent to $ per hour in ), the ironworkers photograph, and an image of her father with a camera, which appeared to be of the same place and time. Analyzing the evidence, Johnston said: "As far as I'm concerned, he's the photographer." Corbis later acknowledged Ebbets's authorship. It was later discovered that photographers Thomas Kelley, William Leftwich, and Ebbets were present there on that day. Due to the uncertain identity of the photographer, the image is again without credit.
Ironworkers
According to a New York Post survey, numerous claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image. The film Men at Lunch, based on the photograph, traces some of the men to be of possible Irish origin, and the director reported in 2013 that he planned to follow up on other claims from Swedish relatives. The film confirms the identities of two men: Joseph Eckner, third from the left, and Joe Curtis, third from the right, by cross-referencing with other pictures taken the same day, in which they were named at the time. The first man from the right, holding a bottle, has been identified as Slovak worker Gustáv (Gusti) Popovič. The photograph was found in his estate, with the note "Don't you worry, my dear Mariška, as you can see I'm still with bottle" written on the back.
Legacy
The photograph has been referred to as the "most famous picture of a lunch break in New York history" by Ashley Cross, a correspondent of the New York Post. It has been used, imitated, and varied in many artworks. It has been colorized and a statue of the photograph has been created by Sergio Furnari, which was displayed near the World Trade Center site after the September 11 attacks for about five months. The image has been a best seller for Corbis. Although critics have referred to the photograph as a publicity stunt, Johnston referred it to as "a piece of American history". Taken during the Great Depression, the photograph became an iconic emblem of New York City and it has often been re-created by construction workers. Time included the image in its 2016 list of the 100 most influential images of all time. Discussing the significance of the image in 2012, Johnston said:
There's the incongruity between the action – lunch – and the place – 800 feet in the air – and that these guys are so casual about it. It's visceral: I've had people tell me they have trouble looking at it out of fear of heights. And these men – you feel you get a very strong sense of their characters through their expressions, clothes and poses.
See also
List of photographs considered the most important
Citations
Works cited
English sources
Non-English sources
1932 works
1932 in art
1932 in New York City
1930s photographs
1930s in Manhattan
Black-and-white photographs
Lunch
Photographs of the United States
Publicity stunts
Rockefeller Center
September 1932 events
Works of unknown authorship
Works originally published in the New York Herald Tribune |
44496628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabini%20Bridge | Mabini Bridge | Mabini Bridge, formerly and still referred as Nagtahan Bridge, is a road bridge crossing the Pasig River between Nagtahan Street in Santa Mesa and Quirino Avenue in Paco to the west and Pandacan to the east. It was constructed between January to February in 1945. It initially served as a pontoon bridge transporting U.S. Army jeeps and evacuate citizens caught in the crossfire during the Liberation of Manila.
History
There were plans for a new bridge to connect the Mendiola route to Malacañang Palace was made even before the emergence of World War II. However, the construction did not push through. The pontoon bridge stood for several decades after the World War II despite the construction materials used to build it. It was made out of inflated rubber rafts placed side by side - spanning until the opposite bank of the Pasig River. Two parallel perforated steel planks, each measuring about wide and apart were laid upon its surface. It was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers - enough to carry human traffic as well as light vehicles. On August 17, 1960, a barge collided against the wooden piles of the bridge. It caused major damages to the bridge, which caused flooding within the nearby residences.
In 1963, a permanent bridge was constructed, named Nagtahan. It connected Paco with Pandacan. However, the Mabini Shrine, the former residence of Apolinario Mabini, was situated on the north bank. The government, then, relocated the house at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Santa Mesa. In lieu with the 103rd birth anniversary of Apolinario Mabini on July 22, 1967, President Ferdinand Marcos issued the Proclamation No. 234, s. 1967, renaming Nagtahan Bridge as the Mabini Bridge, in memory of Apolinario Mabini, the Sublime Paralytic.
In 2014, the Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO) recommended changes, of the existing road signs to read Mabini Bridge, to the Department of Public Works and Highways – as a fitting contribution to the Mabini Sesquicentennial.
Present condition
Of the 13 bridges that crosses Pasig River as of that time, only the Mabini Bridge didn't undergo major face-lifting procedures during 1998. Its huge brass profiles on the sides that illuminates at varying hues were the distinctive features of the Mabini Bridge.
Marker from the National Historical Commission
The marker of Mabini Bridge was installed on July 22, 1967 on the occasion of the 103rd Birthday Anniversary of Apolinario Mabini. It was located along Nagtahan Boulevard - connecting Santa Mesa, Manila and Paco, Manila.
See also
List of crossings of the Pasig River
References
Bridges in Manila
Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila
Buildings and structures in Paco, Manila
Buildings and structures in Santa Mesa
Bridges completed in 1945 |
23572320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planera | Planera | Planera is a genus of flowering plants with a single species, Planera aquatica, the planertree or water elm. Found in the southeastern United States, it is a small deciduous tree 10–15 m tall, closely related to the elms but with a softly, prickly nut 10–15 mm diameter, instead of a winged seed. It grows, as the name suggests, on wet sites. Despite its common English name, this species is not a true elm, although it is a close relative of the elms (species of the genus Ulmus). It is also subject to Dutch elm disease, a disease which affects only members of the Ulmaceae. It is native to most of the southeast United States. It is hardy down to Zone 7.
Water Elm
Description
Leaves: alternate, 3–7 cm long, with irregularly serrated to double serrated margins. Leaf base wedge-shaped or rounded. Leaf base often equal and symmetrical, but can be asymmetrical. Thin pubescent hair is often present on underside of leaf.
Bark: gray-brown, thin, some flaky loose scales. Exfoliates to reveal red-brown area under bark.
Fruit: a drupe. Has a green shell that turns brown with age. Matures April - May.
Distinguishing Characteristics
While often confused with true elms, it can be easily distinguished by noticing the fruit are drupes and not samaras. When fruit are not in season, the flaky bark is unique to water elm and not characteristic of true elms.
May also be confused with Celtis (hackberries), but hackberry leaves have pronounced lower lateral veins not found on water elm.
Ecology
Typically found on alluvial floodplains subjected to seasonal or temporary flooding. Often found in swamps, streams, lakes, or in riparian areas. Has some wildlife value, food for bees and some bird species. Prefers sandy or gravelly, moist soils.
Classified as an obligate wetland plant (OBL).
References
Ulmaceae
Monotypic Rosales genera
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin |
17328944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Robalo | Carlos Robalo | Carlos Robalo (died April 24, 2008) was a Portuguese politician and a member of the CDS – People's Party. Robalo served as Portugal's Secretary of State in 1980 and 1981 He was also instrumental in the creation of the Entidade Reguladora do Sector Eléctrico (ERSE).
Carlos Robalo died on April 24, 2008, at the age of 76 at a hospital in Tomar, Portugal.
References
External links
RTP News: Carlos Robalo, Portuguese Secretary of State, dies
Year of birth missing
2008 deaths
CDS – People's Party politicians
Government ministers of Portugal |
17328957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hkamkawn | Hkamkawn | Hkamkawn is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20466019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockport%20Smith | Stockport Smith | William Smith, commonly known as Stockport Smith, was an English footballer. His regular position was as an inside right, but he also played in various other forward positions and even as a wing half on occasion. He played for Stockport County, Manchester City, and Newton Heath. He joined Manchester City from Stockport in 1897 and scored 22 goals in 54 league appearances in three years at the club. He is often confused with another William Smith who played for Manchester City at the same time; because of this, they were known to Manchester City fans by the clubs they were signed from; this William Smith is referred to as "Stockport Smith" and the other as "Buxton Smith".
Smith rejoined Stockport in 1900, but was unable to reproduce his goalscoring feats and moved on to Newton Heath for their final season before they were renamed as Manchester United. He made his Newton Heath debut on 14 September 1901, playing at outside right for a 5–0 defeat away to Middlesbrough. His only goal for Newton Heath may have come on 5 October 1901 in a 3–3 home draw with his former club, Stockport County, although this goal is credited to Alf Schofield by some sources. No record of Smith's football career exists beyond the 1901–02 season.
External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
MUFCInfo.com profile
10 Worsley Terrace....The Story of Wigan Town Wigan Observer: 27 December 1905: Page 8, column 3
English footballers
Stockport County F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Association football forwards
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
44496644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20addiction%20in%20Pakistan | Drug addiction in Pakistan | Incidence of drug addiction (defined as compulsive and out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences) has greatly increased in Pakistan over the last few decades. Most of the illegal drugs come from neighbouring Afghanistan.
According to UN estimates, a few million people in the country are drug users. Cannabis is the most used drug. The rate of injection drug abuse has also increased significantly in Pakistan, sparking fears of an HIV epidemic. A 2013 report on drugs by the United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime (UNODC) stated that almost 6.7 million people are taking drugs in Pakistan. The report also revealed that people from the age of 15 to 64 use prescription drugs for non-medical purposes.
Despite the alarming increase, governmental response has been minimal. Few programs are active in the country to help drug addicts, while smuggling and availability of drugs in the country has gone almost unchecked. The Anti-Narcotics Force is the government agency responsible for tackling drug smuggling and use within Pakistan.
Extent of the problem
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Pakistan has 6.7 million drug users. Almost 2 million of these are addicts, amongst the highest numbers for any country in the world. According to a research article published in 2020 in Elsevier, the first step towards drug addiction starts with smoking. Researchers also state that drug usage in movies also influences the behaviour of drug consumption among university students.
Abuse of cannabis and heroin, both of which are extremely cheap and easy to get, is rife in the country. Most of the drugs come from Afghanistan, the country that is responsible for at least 75% of the world's heroin. The UNODC calculates that more than 800,000 Pakistanis between the ages of 15 and 64 use heroin regularly. It is also estimated that up to 44 tons of processed heroin are consumed annually in Pakistan. A further 110 tons of heroin and morphine from neighboring Afghanistan are trafficked through Pakistan to international markets. Furthermore, Pakistan's illegal drug trade is believed to generate up to $2 billion a year.
The number of cannabis users is particularly high in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, which neighbors Afghanistan, where close to 11 percent of the population is hooked on drugs (mainly Cannabis) . In 2013, the number of drug users in Balochistan was 280,000.
In Pakistan, the total number of drug addicts as per a UN report is 7.6 million, 78% of whom are male, while the remaining 22% are female. The number of these addicts is increasing at the rate of 40,000 per year, making Pakistan one of the most drug affected countries in the world.
The number of injection drug users in Punjab has also increased sharply in the recent years. In 2007, Pakistan had an estimated 90,000 injecting drug users, but the number had risen to around 500,000 by 2014. This increase has also been accompanied by an increase in HIV positivity. According to research, in 2005, about 11 percent of Pakistani drug users were HIV positive. That number had risen to 40 percent in 2011.
Treatment and Specialist intervention
According to the survey report, treatment and specialist interventions were in short supply. During the period under review, treatment was available to less than 30,000 drug users.
The Anti-Narcotics Force is a federal executive bureau of the Government of Pakistan, tasked with combating drug smuggling and drug use within Pakistan.
See also
Organised crime in Pakistan
Hudood Ordinances#Prohibition (alcohol) Order
Smoking in Pakistan
References
Drugs in Pakistan |
20466038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Mushtare | Robert Mushtare | Robert Mushtare is an American ten-pin bowler from Carthage, New York who is recognized by the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) for having bowled two perfect 900 series, one on December 3, 2005 and the other on February 19, 2006, both at Pine Plains Bowling Center in Fort Drum, New York. He is also said to have rolled another in league play prior to the aforementioned two; that previous 900 series was not officially recognized by USBC because the league in which he was bowling was not properly certified by USBC on the date his 900 series was rolled. Due to the order of USBC certification procedures, it will never be known if it would have been approved even if his league had been certified at the time. The two 900's for which Mushtare was officially recognized came under great scrutiny because they were pre-bowled, meaning he bowled days before his regular league competition, and was sometimes bowling alone. ESPN's Jeremy Schaap did an investigative report on the controversy which was broadcast on the ESPN program Outside the Lines. Glenn Allison, who bowled an uncertified 900 series in 1982, is skeptical of Robert's achievements, as is pro bowler and Team USA coach Tim Mack.
With this recognition, Mushtare is also officially recognized as the first youth bowler to shoot a certified 900 series, the first bowler (youth or adult) to bowl more than one, and the first bowler from New York state to achieve the feat. The ensuing controversy also led to a change in USBC rules; Rule 118e(8) now reads "Unopposed pre or post bowled scores will be eligible for USBC Awards except High Score Awards [such as a 300 game, 800 series, or 900 series award]"; had this rule been in effect for the 2005-2006 bowling season, Mushtare would not have been officially recognized for either of the 900's for which he is now recognized.
Male Youth High Series
900 Robert Mushtare, Fort Drum, N.Y., Dec. 5, 2005
900 Robert Mushtare, Fort Drum, N.Y., Feb. 19, 2006
889 Shane Tetterton, Sinking Springs, Pa., Sept. 24, 2006
888 Brentt Arcement, Kenner, La., Jan. 20, 1990
879 Jacob Peters, Decatur, Ill., April 27, 2005
879 Gary Faulkner Jr., Memphis, June 22, 2008
These scores are from the USBC (United States Bowling Congress) Records and stats page.
Junior Gold Tournament
In 2006, Mushtare did not advance to the semi-finals at the United States Bowling Congress Junior Gold championships. Throughout the tournament, Mushtare managed to have met several PBA players and even some higher level coaches in the sport of bowling. Junior team USA coach Rod Ross had stated, "I was very impressed with his physical game. He throws a phenomenal ball and has a nice loose arm swing. He has a lot of raw talent. He can definitely strike and strike a lot, and there's no doubt in my mind that he shot those 900s." And even though the 900 bowler did not make the first cut, Mushtare said the experience was memorable and that it was a great learning experience for him.
Interviews
In June 2006, Mushtare had a personal interview with Jim King once King was able to contact the 17-year-old bowler. During his interview Mushtare states that he has bowled three 900 series during his league time and he has bowled two 900 series during practice. Now, after 4 months of deliberation, two of Mushtare's 900 series were approved. Mushtare states that the reasons for his pre-bowls were for school functions and a few bowling tournaments that Mushtare was scheduled to participate in. Mushtare also states that his third 900 series bowled was witnessed by personal friend Jamie Grimm. During this time, Mr. Grimm himself bowled his first 300-game and got a 741 series. Jim King also mentions that there were rumors going around that Mushtare's father is the owner of the bowling alley. Mushtare's response was "No. My father does not own it. It is owned by the government and located on a military base."
League History
References
External links
Interview
American ten-pin bowling players
Living people
People from Carthage, New York
Year of birth missing (living people) |
20466057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Isabel%20Creek | Santa Isabel Creek | Santa Isabel Creek is a small stream of water located in Webb County, Texas which runs through Laredo, Texas. The creek is formed 32 miles from Callaghan, Texas and runs southwest for until the creek connects to the Rio Grande. The terrain surrounding the creek is mostly clay. The vegetation surrounding the creek is mostly made up of mesquite, cacti, and grasses. Santa Isabel Creek crosses Three major highways in Laredo, Texas among them are: Farm to Market Road 1472, Texas State Highway 255, and United States Route 83.
Coordinates
Source: Webb County, Texas
Mouth: Rio Grande at Laredo, Texas
See also
List of rivers of Texas
List of tributaries of the Rio Grande
References
Tributaries of the Rio Grande
Geography of Laredo, Texas
Rivers of Texas |
23572344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Aage%20Brandt | Per Aage Brandt | Per Aage Brandt (; 26 April 1944 – 11 November 2021) was a Danish writer, poet, linguist and musician, born in Buenos Aires. He got his Master of Arts in Romance Philology from the University of Copenhagen (1971) & held a Doctorate of Semiotics from the Sorbonne University (1987).
Brandt published a large number of books on the subjects of semiotics, linguistics, culture, and music as well as poetry.
He made his debut as a poet in 1969 with the poetry collection Poesi and has since then written several poetry collections and essays. He has translated Molière and Marquis de Sade, amongst others, and in 2000 he translated (or "re-wrote" in Danish) the poetry collection Cantabile by Henrik, the prince consort of Denmark. Some of his translations were subsequently set to music in Frederik Magle's symphonic suite Cantabile.
Bibliography
La Charpente modale du sens, John Benjamins, Amsterdam 1992.
Dynamiques du sens, Aarhus University Press 1994.
Morphologies of Meaning, Aarhus University Press 1995.
Det menneskeligt virkelige, Politisk Revys Forlag, Copenhagen 2002
Spaces, Domains, and Meaning, Peter Lang, Bern 2004
References
Kraks Blå Bog (2008/09), 1279 pages,
https://www.storyvillerecords.com/products/cry-1018443
External links
1944 births
2021 deaths
University of Copenhagen alumni
University of Paris alumni
Danish male poets
Linguists from Denmark
Danish semioticians
20th-century Danish poets
20th-century Danish translators
20th-century Danish male writers
Danish expatriates in Argentina
Danish expatriates in France
People from Buenos Aires |
20466066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porterhouse%20%28horse%29 | Porterhouse (horse) | Porterhouse (1951–1971) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse.
Background
Bred by Liz Person and raced under her Llangollen Farm banner, Porterhouse was a son of the Argentine-bred Endeavour who also sired Corn Husker, Prove It and Pretense, three top runners who each won the Santa Anita Handicap. His dam was Red Stamp, a daughter of the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Bimelech.
Conditioned for racing by Charlie Whittingham, Porterhouse was the forty-year-old trainer's first stakes winner and first Champion.
Racing career
In 1953, Porterhouse won East Coast races including the National Stallion Stakes and the then most important race for his age group, the Belmont Futurity Stakes. Porterhouse also won the 1953 Saratoga Special Stakes but was disqualified and set back to last.
Porterhouse was voted American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt by the Daily Racing Form and the Thoroughbred Racing Association. The rival poll organized by Turf & Sports Digest magazine was topped by Hasty Road.
In 1954, three-year-old Porterhouse had a sub-par year in racing, with his only important win coming in the Old Knickerbocker Handicap. The colt did not run in either of the first two races of the U.S. Triple Crown series and finished ninth in the Belmont Stakes won by High Gun. During the next three years in racing, Porterhouse returned to his winning ways at racetracks in California. He captured several top events, highlighted by his win over future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Swaps in the 1956 Californian Stakes and the Hollywood Express Handicap in world record time for five and a half furlongs on dirt at Hollywood Park Racetrack.
Stud career
Retired to stud duty, Porterhouse met with reasonable success, siring several good runners including Coaching Club American Oaks winner, Our Cheri Amour, and multiple stakes winners Isle of Greece, Port Wine, and Farwell Party.
Porterhouse died at age twenty in 1971 and was buried a The Stallion Station in Lexington, Kentucky.
References
Porterhouse's pedigree and partial racing stats
October 12, 1953 TIME magazine article on Porterhouse's win in the Belmont Futurity
Article on Porterhouse winning the Knickerbocker Handicap in the May 22, 1954 issue of The New Yorker magazine
1951 racehorse births
1971 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
American Champion racehorses
Whitney racehorses
Thoroughbred family 1-w |
44496652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained%20glass%20in%20Liverpool%20Cathedral | Stained glass in Liverpool Cathedral | There are two cathedrals in Liverpool, both of which contain notable stained glass. This article refers to the stained glass in the Anglican cathedral, rather than the Roman Catholic Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral.
The stained glass in Liverpool Cathedral all dates from the 20th century. The designs were planned by a committee working in conjunction with the architect of the cathedral, Giles Gilbert Scott, with the intention of forming an integrated scheme throughout the cathedral. A number of stained glass designers were involved in the scheme, but the major contributors came from James Powell and Sons (Whitefriars Glass), in particular J. W. Brown, James Hogan, and Carl Edwards.
The subjects portrayed in the windows are numerous and diverse. They include scenes and characters from the Old and New Testaments, evangelists, church fathers, saints, and laymen, some famous, others more humble. The windows in the Lady Chapel celebrate the part that women have played in Christianity. The designs in the windows at the ends of the cathedral are based on canticles, the east window on the Te Deum laudamus, and the west window on the Benedicite. The earlier designs are dark, but the later windows are much brighter and more colourful. Much of the glass was damaged by bombing in the Second World War. The windows replacing them were based on the originals, but often using simpler and more colourful designs.
History
The foundation stone of Liverpool Cathedral was laid on 19 July 1904, and it was completed in 1979. Giles Gilbert Scott won the competition to design the cathedral, and a Stained Glass Committee under the chairmanship of Sir Frederick Radcliffe was established to organise the design of the stained glass in the windows. The architect worked with the committee initially to decide on "the main lines on which the design of the window should be based and the extent to which is to be of clear glass or coloured". The committee then decided on the subjects to be depicted and, in discussion with the stained glass artist, agreed on the details of the design; Scott was concerned from the outset that "the windows should not detract from the architecture". The committee continued to work during the construction of the cathedral under a series of chairmen, whose discussions were often very detailed. The oldest windows in the cathedral are dark in colour, but with changes in manufacturing techniques from the 1930s, the later windows are much brighter and more colourful.
Description
Lady Chapel
The Lady Chapel was the earliest part of the cathedral to be built. There was a competition in 1907 to design the windows, which was won by James Powell and Sons, who commissioned J. W. Brown as designer. Brown had worked for Powell's until 1886 and then worked freelance, but from 1891 he was "the firm's preferred designer for prestigious projects". As the chapel is dedicated to St Mary, they are based on the role that women have played in the history of Christianity. Running through all the windows is a scroll containing the words of the Magnificat. On the north side are holy women from the British Isles, and on the south side are mainly saints commemorated in the Prayer Book. The Lady Chapel was damaged by bombing on 6 September 1940, and all the glass had to be replaced. The work was undertaken by James Hogan, who used simplified adaptations of the original designs. Following Hogan's death in 1948 the work was continued by Carl Edwards; the resulting windows are much brighter than the originals. The windows at the rear of the chapel and on the staircase were donated by the Girls' Friendly Society, and were designed by Brown. Known as the "Noble Women" windows, they depict women who have made major contributions to society, including Elizabeth Fry, Grace Darling, and Kitty Wilkinson.
Ambulatory and Chapter House
The four windows in the ambulatory are the only designs in the cathedral by Burlison and Grylls, each depicting two saints from a nation of the British Isles. On the steps leading to the Chapter House is the only window in the cathedral by C. E. Kempe and Company. It commemorates the Woodward family, who were local corn merchants between 1803 and 1915, and includes biblical references to corn and harvest. The Chapter House was donated by local Freemasons as a memorial to their members lost in the First World War. The windows were made by Morris & Co. and designed by Henry Dearle, reflecting the interests and traditions of the Freemasons. The windows were damaged in the Second World War and repaired by James Powell and Sons.
East window
The east window, designed by Brown, dominates the east end of the cathedral, rising above the reredos, and is based on the theme of the Te Deum laudamus. At the top of the window is the risen Christ, and around and below are members of the heavenly choir. Under this are four lancet windows, each representing one of the communities praising God. The left window represents 'the company of the apostles', with Saint Raphael at the top. Below are fourteen figures; the twelve apostles, excluding Judas Iscariot but including Saint Matthias, with Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas. The next window commemorates 'the goodly fellowship of the apostles'. At the top is Saint Michael, with fifteen figures below. These include Isaiah, Elijah, John the Baptist, Saint Athanasius, Saint Augustine, John Wycliffe, Thomas Cranmer, and John Wesley. The third window represents 'the noble army of martyrs', with Archangel Gabriel at the top. Below are fifteen Christian martyrs, starting with Saint Stephen. Underneath are Zechariah and the Holy Innocents, Saint Alban, Saint Oswald, and Saint Boniface. At the bottom are figures representing martyrs from Madagascar, Africa, Melanesia, and China. The lancet window on the right commemorates 'the holy church throughout all the world', with an angel, possibly Uriel, at the top. Underneath are various representations: King Alfred as a warrior, Dante as a poet, Fra Angelico as a painter, the musician J. S. Bach, the scientist Isaac Newton, and the physician Thomas Linacre. Other figures commemorate law, commerce, scholarship, and architecture. Also included are Christopher Columbus and Francis Drake.
Choir aisles
There are four main windows in the choir aisles, two on each side, and they are concerned with the four Gospels. The windows on the north side are original, but those on the south side were destroyed by bombing and were renewed. In the renewal, the central mullion of these windows was widened, and the design of the glass was simplified and made more vibrant. Each window, known by its predominant colour, shows the author of the gospel at the top with his symbol. Below are figures linked with the subject matter of the gospel. The windows on the north side are by Brown, the left window, the Sapphire window, represents Saint Matthew and shows a depiction of the Nativity on one side, and the Epiphany on the other. The 'Gold' window commemorates Saint Luke and shows the Feeding of the Five thousand, and the Raising of Jairus' daughter. The windows on the south side are by Hogan. The Ruby window represents Saint John and includes biblical scenes together with the Old Testament figures of Daniel, Ezekiel, Jonah, and Job. Saint Mark is in the Emerald window, with scenes of the Baptism of Jesus and the Transfiguration. Also included are the disciples Saint Simon and Saint Andrew, and the Old Testament figures, Noah, Zechariah, Enoch, and Malachi. At the east ends of the aisles are rose windows by Brown. The window in the north aisle relates to "journeys across the sea and undertaken in faith", namely Moses crossing the Red Sea, Saint Paul's journey to Rome, Saint Columba planting a cross on Iona, and missionaries of the Melanesian Mission landing in the Solomon Islands. The images in the rose window in the south aisle show instances of God's power being demonstrated through water, namely Noah holding a model of the ark, Jesus calming the disciples in a storm, Jesus walking on water, and Saint Paul after his shipwreck in Malta.
Central space
The windows on the north and south sides of the central space were designed by Hogan; each includes three tall lancet windows topped by a rose window. The area of glass in each window is , the sill is above the level of the floor, and the top of the rose window is above floor level. The north window shows figures and themes from the Old Testament, with Moses with the Ten Commandments in the rose window. Below the figures include Adam and Eve, Noah, Solomon, prophets, and important characters from Israelite history. The south window depicts characters and scenes from the New Testament. The Holy Trinity is depicted in the rose window, below which are depictions of events including the Crucifixion and the Ascension, together with a variety of saints.
Transepts
The War Memorial Chapel forming the northeast transept has as its themes the aftermath of the First World War, sacrifice and the risen life. The design of its window was started by Brown and completed by Hogan. It shows suffering and death, including a depiction of the Crucifixion. The original window by Brown was destroyed by bombing; the window replacing it shows Christ with his arms outstretched in welcome at the top. Below are scenes of acts of compassion, including figures such as Saint Francis. The southwest transept forms the baptistry, and its window by Herbert Hendrie of Whitefriars depicts salvation, particularly through water and healing. The window in the northwest transept has the theme of the Church and the State.
Nave aisles
The six windows in the nave aisles deal with historical subjects, all but one designed by Carl Edwards. The exception is the west window on the south side, designed by William Wilson. This is the Bishops' Window, and includes Nicholas Ridley, Hugh Latimer, and William Temple. The middle window is the Parsons' Window, and depicts notable clergymen including Thomas Arnold (with a rugby ball), Revd Peter Green, and Revd W. Farquhar Hook. The Layman's Window includes tradesmen who worked on building the cathedral, members of the committees responsible, and a depiction of Giles Gilbert Scott. The Musicians' Window contains composers, performers, and conductors who have played a part in the development of Anglican church music. The Hymnologists' Window includes hymn writers such as C. F. Alexander and Cecil Spring Rice. Finally there is the Scholars' Window, with theologians, philosophers, and biblical scholars. In the corner is the Very Revd Frederick Dwelly, the first dean of the cathedral.
West window
Following Scott's death in 1960 it was decided to change the design of the west end of the cathedral, which had consisted of a small rose window and an elaborate porch. Frederick Thomas and Roger Pinkney, who had both worked with Scott, produced a simplified design that gave the opportunity for a large west window. Created by Carl Edwards and based on the theme of the Benedicite, the window consists of a round-headed window at the top, and three tall lancet windows below. It covers an area of , each lancet window being more than high. Revd Noel Vincent, the former canon treasurer of the cathedral, states that the top part of the window represents "the risen Christ in glory looking down ... in compassion on the world", and the images beneath depict "all creation united in peace".
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Cathedral floor plan (PDF file)
Lists of stained glass works
Glass architecture
Windows
Stained glass |
44496653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmead%20Medical%20Research%20Foundation | Westmead Medical Research Foundation | The Westmead Hospital Foundation is an Australian not-for-profit organisation which awards grants, provides fundraising support, and community advocacy for health care and medical research at in the western suburbs of Sydney.
History
Westmead Hospital Foundation, previously known as The Millennium Foundation, My Westmead, and Westmead Medical Research Foundation was established in 1990 to support the care of sick children and adults and hospital-based medical research. Westmead Hospital Foundation is based in Sydney's western suburbs.
A board of directors oversees the operations of the organisation.
A scientific advisory committee oversees grant applications and makes recommendations about the merits of individual applications for funding.
Funding
The organisation grants approximately $3 million per annum across a variety of grant programs.
Equipment grants
Grants are awarded towards priority projects within Westmead Hospital that enhance services provided by doctors, nurses and allied health workers to patients and their families. Past equipment grants have been awarded to assist in the purchase of cutting-edge technology for the support of critically ill premature babies; an interventional neuroradiology machine as a minimally invasive approach used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the head, neck, and spine such as cerebral aneurysms and strokes;
Research grants
During 2016 the organisation awarded over $600,000 to support specific research projects, such as the transplantation of pancreatic islet cells to treat patients with type 1 diabetes; a study to provide objective biological markers to help in the diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); a study to help understand the role of the ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, that may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer; and a clinical research support program.
Service grants
Grants are awarded to a variety of programs that provide direct patient benefits; such as a program that provides seriously ill patients and their families some respite from illness, enabling them to take a short vacation, without cost; a brand new bus run by volunteers to offer free transport for patients to and from their residence to local general practitioners or hospitals like Blacktown, Mount Druitt and Westmead; refurbishment of public rooms in the oncology/palliative care ward; and wheelchairs for use by patients within Westmead Hospital.
Infrastructure grants
The foundation and its donors have also contributed funds to support major infrastructure projects on the Westmead health campus. The Westmead Institute for Medical Research is housed within a newly built, best-practice building that encourages collaboration and is a lynchpin of research in the Westmead precinct. $9m was granted by Westmead Medical Research Foundation to the institute to assist in the construction of this award-winning premises.
References
Medical and health organisations based in New South Wales
Parramatta |
6900648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20and%20Dupli-cat | Cat and Dupli-cat | Cat and Dupli-cat is a 1967 Tom and Jerry short produced by Chuck Jones and MGM Animation/Visual Arts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was directed by Chuck Jones and Maurice Noble, written by Jones and Michael Maltese, and animated by Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Don Towsley and Tom Ray.
Plot
The cartoon starts with Tom balancing on the edges of washtub, "rowing" amongst some docks using a broomstick, under a crescent moon. He is singing the ballad "Santa Lucia" as the title card and credits are shown. As he reaches the docks, he finds Jerry rowing a small cup with a spoon and mimicking him.
Sitting on a piling outside a nearby steamer, Tom steals some tea and sugar from a porthole in the steamer and pours them all over Jerry in the cup. As he begins sipping, an orange cat (the "Dupli-cat") pulls on Tom's tail through a porthole, points at an empty saucer and holds his hand out as if to say, "Mine." Tom politely gives him the teacup. Dupli-cat pulls on Tom's tail again, and Tom then returns the spoon. Tom then innocently sits on the piling until he hears Dupli-cat drinking the tea, and then after a few seconds Tom blows his top.
Tom enters the ship's galley through the porthole and sees the empty teacup. He races through the ship, and then sees Dupli-cat running through an open doorway, seemingly in parallel to himself. Tom continues walking back and forth, and the two cats mimic each other. When Tom crosses again imitating a train, Dupli-cat does likewise making a train whistle sound. Surprised, Tom repeats the sound, then tricks Dupli-cat into opening his mouth: Jerry is inside it. Tom walks away and then catches on.
Tom chases Dupli-cat off the ship and along a pier, where Dupli-cat is cornered and cowers, holding out Jerry for Tom to take. As Tom reaches out, Dupli-cat stomps open a trap-door, causing Tom to falls through it into the water. Tom angrily climbs up the ladder, but Dupli-cat drops the trap-door, knocking Tom back down. Dupli-cat then runs back along the pier and Tom is shown to be doing the same on the pier beneath. He snaps a loose board in Dupli-cat's pier, hitting Dupli-cat and smashing him back into another piling. Grabbing Jerry, who is making no attempt to hide his annoyance at the situation, Tom then runs along the pier, but fails to see another piling and runs into it. Dupli-cat steals Jerry and ties him to his tail, and then ties Tom's fingers together around the piling. Tom manages to pull out the piling and drop it on top of Dupli-cat, who falls through the pier and slowly sinks into the water as Tom grabs Jerry.
Tom goes aboard a ship in dry-dock that is about to be launched. Dupli-cat swings a bottle of champagne normally used for launching at his rival instead, hitting him in the head and causing the bottle to open. Some of the champagne spills on Jerry and inebriates him. The two cats then successively grab the mouse, but Jerry is propelled up to a yardarm on the mast. In an act of drunken bravado, the now-annoyed Jerry motions both cats to join him, ties the two cats' faces together by their whiskers and around the mast by their tails. Jerry resumes singing "Santa Lucia" once again, while drunkenly hiccuping, with bubbles emerging each time he hiccups, and finally forming the words "THE END".
Crew
Co-Director & Layouts: Maurice Noble
Story: Chuck Jones & Michael Maltese
Animation: Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Don Towsley & Tom Ray
Backgrounds: Philip DeGuard
Vocal Effects: Mel Blanc & William Hanna
Falsetto: Dale McKennon
Baritone: Terence Monck
Production Manager: Earl Jonas
Music: Eugene Poddany
Production Supervised by Les Goldman
Produced & Directed by Chuck Jones
External links
1967 animated films
1967 films
1967 short films
1967 musical comedy films
1960s animated short films
Tom and Jerry short films
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Films directed by Maurice Noble
Films scored by Eugene Poddany
1960s American animated films
American musical comedy films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer short films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated short films
MGM Animation/Visual Arts short films
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
1960s English-language films |
44496686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20iopolia | Cliniodes iopolia | Cliniodes iopolia is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
The length of the forewings is 17–18 mm for males and about 18 mm for females. The forewing costa is grey with violet-brown scales. The basal and medial areas are grey with scattered violet-brown or ruby scales. The hindwings are translucent white with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, September and November.
Etymology
The species name is derived from Greek íov (meaning violet) the Greek word for grey.
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
23572355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Sleight | Elmer Sleight | Elmer Noble "Red" Sleight (1907 - August 9, 1978) was an All-American football player.
Sleight was born in 1907 in Morris, Illinois, and attended Morris High School.
He played at the tackle position for the Purdue University Boilermakers from 1927 to 1929. He was a consensus first-team player on the 1929 All-America college football team, receiving first-team honors from the Associated Press, Collier's Weekly, International News Service an All-America Board. He also received the Western Conference medal for proficiency in scholarship and athletics and was one of 11 All-American football players to appear in the 1930 film "Maybe It's Love".
He played professionally for the Green Bay Packers in 1930 and 1931. He appeared in 26 NFL games for the Packers, 19 of them as a starter.
After his playing career ended, Sleight held assistant coaching positions at Missouri and then Lehigh. He later went into marketing in Chicago. He moved to Naples, Florida, after retiring. He died in Naples in 1978 at age 71.
References
All-American college football players
American football tackles
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Green Bay Packers players
People from Sisseton, South Dakota
Players of American football from South Dakota
1907 births
1978 deaths |
17328964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyruk%20%28Shabak%29 | Buyruk (Shabak) | The Buyruk or Kitab al-Manaqib (Book of Exemplary Acts) is the sacred book of the Shabak. It is written in Turkmen.
The Buyruk is written in the form of an interlocution between Shaykh Safi-ad-din Ardabili, founder of the Safaviyya order, and his son Sadr al-Dīn Mūsā on different religious matters, and particularly on the life and principles of the Sufi order. It also contains poems composed by Shah Ismail I under the pseudonym 'Khatai', which indicates it must have been compiled in the sixteenth century at the earliest.
References
Religion in Iraq
Religious texts
Shabak people |
44496695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Macdonald%20%28missionary%29 | Daniel Macdonald (missionary) | Daniel Macdonald (4 March 1846 – 18 April 1927) was a missionary to the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu). He was born in Alloa, Scotland, but migrated to Ballarat, Victoria. He studied at the Presbyterian Theological Hall in Melbourne, and was the first Australian-trained Presbyterian missionary to the New Hebrides.
Macdonald served at Port Havannah on the island of Efate from 1872 to 1905. He was the "most notable linguist in the history of the New Hebrides Mission", and was the "organising translator-editor" of the Nguna–Efate Old Testament published in 1908. He, John W. Mackenzie, and Peter Milne each contributed approximately one third of the translation. Macdonald espoused the idea that Oceanic languages were of Semitic origin, and promoted a hybrid Efatese language. He and Milne were involved in a feud that lasted for more than fifteen years, which started with a disagreement over how to translate the word "God" in the local language.
Macdonald was awarded a Doctor of Divinity degree from McGill University, and served as moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria in 1896.
He married Elizabeth Keir Geddie, daughter of missionary Rev. John Geddie.
References
1846 births
1927 deaths
People from Alloa
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
Australian Presbyterian missionaries
Presbyterian missionaries in Vanuatu
Translators of the Bible into Oceanic languages
British expatriates in Vanuatu
Australian expatriates in Vanuatu
McGill University alumni
New Hebrides people
Missionary linguists |
17328971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hkasuhpa | Hkasuhpa | Hkasuhpa is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1%C5%9Flak%C3%B6y%2C%20Mut | Kışlaköy, Mut | Kışlaköy is a village in Mut district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated to the south of Turkish state highway and to the west of the highway to Gülnar at . Göksu River is to the west of the village. Its distance to Mut is and to Mersin is . Population of Kışlaköy was 207 as of 2012.
References
Villages in Mut District |
23572360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATCvet%20code%20QI05 | ATCvet code QI05 |
QI05A Horse
QI05AA Inactivated viral vaccines
QI05AA01 Equine influenza virus
QI05AA03 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine reovirus + equine influenza virus
QI05AA04 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine influenza virus
QI05AA05 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus
QI05AA06 Equine reovirus
QI05AA07 Equine arteritis virus
QI05AA08 Equine parapox virus
QI05AA09 Equine rotavirus
QI05AA10 West nile virus
QI05AA11 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine abortion virus
QI05AB Inactivated bacterial vaccines (including mycoplasma, toxoid and chlamydia)
QI05AB01 Streptococcus
QI05AB02 Actinobacillus + escherichia + salmonella + streptococcus
QI05AB03 Clostridium
QI05AC Inactivated bacterial vaccines and antisera
Empty group
QI05AD Live viral vaccines
QI05AD01 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus
QI05AD02 Equine influenza virus
QI05AE Live bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AF Live bacterial and viral vaccines
Empty group
QI05AG Live and inactivated bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AH Live and inactivated viral vaccines
Empty group
QI05AI Live viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
QI05AI01 Equine influenza virus + clostridium
QI05AJ Live and inactivated viral and bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AK Inactivated viral and live bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AL Inactivated viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
QI05AL01 Equine influenza virus + clostridium
QI05AM Antisera, immunoglobulin preparations, and antitoxins
QI05AM01 Clostridium antiserum
QI05AM02 Antilipopolysacharide antiserum
QI05AM03 Actinobacillus antiserum + escherichia antiserum + salmonella antiserum + streptococcus antiserum
QI05AN Live parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI05AO Inactivated parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI05AP Live fungal vaccines
QI05AP01 Trichophyton
QI05AQ Inactivated fungal vaccines
QI05AQ01 Trichophyton
QI05AQ02 Trichophyton + microsporum
QI05AR In vivo diagnostic preparations
QI05AR01 Mallein
QI05AS Allergens
Empty group
QI05AT Colostrum preparations and substitutes
Empty group
QI05AU Other live vaccines
Empty group
QI05AV Other inactivated vaccines
Empty group
QI05AX Other immunologicals
QI05AX01 Parapox ovis virus, inactivated
QI05AX02 Propionibacterium acnes, inactivated
QI05B Azinine/donkey
Empty group
QI05C Hybride
Empty group
QI05X Equidae, others
Empty group
References
I05 |
17328976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene%20oxide | Styrene oxide | Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction:
Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation. If the amount of water is not sufficient, acid-catalyzed isomerization for phenylacetaldehyde will occur.
Styrene oxide in the body is metabolized to mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzoic acid and hippuric acid.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide affords phenethyl alcohol.
Stereospecific reactions
Since styrene oxide has a chiral center at the benzylic carbon atom, there are (R)-styrene oxide and (S)-styrene oxide. If optically pure reagent is used, only one optically pure compound will be obtained.
Toxicology
Styrene oxide is a main metabolite of styrene in humans or animals, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. It is considered possibly carcinogenic from gavaging significant amounts into mice and rats. Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by epoxide hydrolase.
Styrene oxide has a chiral center and thus two enantiomers. It has been reported that the two enantiomers had different toxicokinetics and toxicity. It was reported that the (R)-styrene oxide was preferentially formed in mice, especially in the lung, whereas the (S)-styrene oxide was preferentially generated in rats. In human volunteers, the cumulative excretion of the (S)-enantiomer of styrene glycol and mandelic acid were higher than the R form after exposure to styrene. In human liver microsomes, cytochrome P450-mediated styrene oxidation showed the production of more S enantiomer relative to the R enantiomer. It was also found that (S)-styrene oxide was preferentially hydrolyzed than the R enantiomer in human liver microsomes. Animal studies have shown that the (R)-enantiomer of styrene oxide was more toxic than the (S)-enantiomer in mice.
References
Epoxides
Phenyl compounds
IARC Group 2A carcinogens |
44496716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history.
Early life
He was born in Nazlet El Seman in the Giza province. He later studied law at Cairo University.
Career
He held the following offices:
Independent lawyer till February 1962.
Legal adviser to Banque Misr till September 1965.
Deputy General Prosecutor (1965-1973)
Judge and court president (1973-1981)
Prosecuting attorney in Faiyum (1981-1982)
Judge at the court of appeals (1982-1986)
Judge at the court of cassation (1986-1989)
Vice-President of the court of cassation (1989)
Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional court of Egypt (1990-1999)
He is the person to have served the longest term (nine years) at the position of Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional court of Egypt.
In 1995 he was appointed by President Mubarak to serve temporarily in the General Congregation Council of the Coptic Church. He was a very close and trusted friend of Pope Shenouda III. He would serve sometimes as the liaison between the government and the Church's leadership.
He represented Egypt 5 times at the Congress of the Conference of European Constitutional Courts.
In the 1996 Conference that was held in Budapest, his performance convinced the President of the Congress to name Egypt as an observant member at the Conference of European Constitutional Courts.
During his term at the Supreme Constitutional Court, he oversaw many cases involving the President of the Republic, the government and the Coptic Pope.
He trained and was the mentor of Egyptian President Adly Mansour.
Personal life
Sami Farag was the father of two sons and two daughters. He also left six grandchildren.
Death
On February 21, 2015, he died at the Anglo-American Hospital in Zamalek, Cairo.
President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi couldn't attend the funeral, so he sent General Mohamed Rostom to represent him instead.
Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria said after his death that Sami Farag was "a pious and great judge, a loyal servant to his church and his country."
References
1935 births
People from Giza
20th-century Egyptian judges
Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt
2015 deaths |
17329017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodancha | Prodancha | Prodancha () is a small village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 67 km from the capital city of Sofia. The village's name was first attested in 1447 as Prodancha; 15th–17th century sources also hint at the variants Prodankovitsa and Prodantsi. The name stems from the personal name Prodan, its affectionate derivative Prodancho or its derivative adjective Prodancha in an accusative–genitive form.
References
Villages in Pernik Province |
17329020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hkayazahkuso | Hkayazahkuso | Hkayazahkuso is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44496718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20festivalis | Cliniodes festivalis | Cliniodes festivalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in northern Colombia, where it has been recorded from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The length of the forewings is for males and about 19 mm for females. The forewing costa is reddish brown and the basal area is reddish brown with black. The antemedial line is black with violet scales and the medial area has an orange anterior and a violet posterior. The hindwings are translucent white with black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from July to September.
Etymology
The species name refers to the colorful maculation and is derived from Latin festivus (meaning joyous).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
17329031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bird%27s%20Nest%20%28house%29 | The Bird's Nest (house) | The Bird's Nest is a historic house at 526 Broadway at the One Mile Corner junction in Newport, Rhode Island, not far from the city line with Middletown. It is a -story wood-frame structure, three bays wide and two deep, with a gable roof and a large central chimney. A two-story ell extends from the rear of the house, and there are smaller additions which further enlarge the house by small amounts. An early 20th-century garage stands behind the house. The oldest portion of the house is estimated to have been built between 1725 and 1750, with most of the alterations coming in the 19th century, giving the house a vernacular mix of Federal, Greek Revival, and Gothic Revival elements. It was given its name by Dr. Rowland Hazard, who bought the property in the 1840s and used it as a summer retreat.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island |
6900651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topa%20ou%20N%C3%A3o%20Topa | Topa ou Não Topa | Topa ou Não Topa () is the Brazilian version of Deal or No Deal, broadcast in Portuguese by SBT. It is hosted by Silvio Santos. There are 26 cases, containing amounts from R$ 0.50 (US$0.16) to R$1,000,000 (US$320,000). On August 25, 2010, the gameshow returned and the host is Roberto Justus but in similar set to the old version.
Like most sets of Brazilian versions of US game shows, their set and graphics are a dead ringer to the American counterpart.
The R$1,000,000 grand prize was won by a man named Paulo in April 2007.
Case values
2006-2011
2019–present
External links
SBT Topa ou Não Topa Official website
Deal or No Deal
2006 Brazilian television series debuts
2010 Brazilian television series endings |
44496728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival.
Plot
Bruno is a young immigrant returning to Chile from Germany after a long absence. Bruno is staying in the house of his cousins in the country, where the whole family are gathered to bid the place a farewell, as it is about to be sold. They visit a place that he remembers fondly, the "Magnetic Tree" a local curiosity. The tree has a mysterious magnetic force, so powerful that it can pull cars toward itself.
The group, in a series of free and open conversations, reveal the feelings that come from a family relationship.
Cast
Andrés Gertrúdix
Catalina Saavedra
Manuela Martelli
Gonzalo Robles
Juan Pablo Larenas
Daniel Alcaíno
Edgardo Bruna
Lisette Lastra
Production
The movie is a Chilean-Spanish production by Dos Treinta y Cinco P.C, Parox, and Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales .
Awards
San Sebastian Film Festival Nominated: Kutxa – New Director Award
Reception
The film had generally positive reception.
Twitchfilm review: "The strongest element of the movie, written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives, is how it manages to recreate that feeling of a family reunion, specially when it comes to Chile."
Cineuropa review: "Ayguavives has created a mosaic of different situations that combine to form a subtle reflection on that damned nostalgia that can sometimes end up weighing down too heavily on us."
The Hollywood Reporter: “Lively and intimate, it's a film made by someone whose interest in and compassion for her people is deep and forgiving.” Jonathan Holland, The Hollywood Reporter.
References
External links
The Magnetic Tree Official webpage
Films shot in Chile
2013 films
Spanish drama films
2010s Spanish-language films
Films about immigration
Films set in Chile
Films about trees
2013 drama films
Chilean drama films |
17329032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hkinchit | Hkinchit | Hkinchit is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20466069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Nuttall | Tom Nuttall | Thomas Albert Bradshaw Nuttall (February 1889 – October 1963) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Southend United, Everton and Manchester United.
Personal life
Nuttall served as a lance bombardier in the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War.
Career statistics
References
1889 births
1963 deaths
Footballers from Bolton
English footballers
Association football forwards
Heywood United F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
English Football League players
Northwich Victoria F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Southend United F.C. players
Eccles United F.C. players
Chorley F.C. players
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Garrison Artillery soldiers
Association football inside forwards
Military personnel from Lancashire |
23572401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Rendt | Lewis Rendt | Captain Lewis Rendt (born 1769 in Germany, died 1849 in Canada) was an early 19th-century Hessian soldier of the Swiss Regiment, who later fought with the British in the Mediterranean (during the Invasion of Sicily), Spain, Egypt, and North America (during the British-American 1812 War). His regiment fought under the Duke of Wellington in Spain from 1811 to 1813. He was stationed variously at Cadiz, Malta, and Montreal.
While stationed in Cadiz in 1811 he married Juaquina (Josephine, Sophia) Ramirez de Arrellano. They had seven children, including Rachel, who married Francis Ramacciotti, and Frances, who married Captain L.R.Boynton and was the mother of Major Nathan Boynton, who founded Boynton Beach, Florida.
In the 1812 War he was an officer in the British-controlled Swiss Regiment De Wattville. Upon his retirement, he took to farming on the Canadian side of the St. Clair River near Port Huron with the aid of a Canadian land grant. He received 900 acres for his military service. He sold 100 acres back to the Crown, for the benefit of the Chippewa Indians. Later when oil was discovered on it the Crown reneged on the promise to the Indians and sold it to an oil company instead as written in Canada's Victorian Oil Town. He was also active as an agent of the state of Michigan in promoting Europeans to settle there.
Bibliography
Société Vaudoise d'Histoire et d'Archéologie: Revue Historique Vaudoise 1894; p. 369. List of officers of the De Watteville Regiment – Louis Rendt, de Hesse-Dannstadt.
Elliot, Ernest: British Numismatic Journal and Proceedings of the British Numismatic Society – 1949; p 223. Lieutenant Louis Rendt.
"Canada's Victorian Oil Town: The Transformation of Petrolia from a ... - Page 5 by Christina Ann Burr On 13 March 1841 Lewis Rendt sold the east half of lot nine"
"Journal – Page 739 Michigan. Legislature. House of Representatives – 1841- ... part three of the revised statutes — Mr. Humphrey, 286 Referring the communication of Louis Rendt to the committee on ... the county of Chippewa"
"A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines- Great Britain. War Office – 1818 – Nov. 1805 promoted lieutenant -Louis Rendt"
References
German emigrants to Canada
1769 births
1849 deaths |
23572404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocarpha%20virgata | Holocarpha virgata | Holocarpha virgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names yellowflower tarweed, pitgland tarweed, and narrow tarplant.
Distribution
Holocarpha virgata is endemic to California, where it is most common in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley of the Central Valley, and adjacent foothills of the Inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada (U.S.). There are additional populations in foothills of the Peninsular Ranges in San Diego County, western Riverside County, and Orange County.
Description
Holocarpha virgata is an annual herb producing an erect stem to over tall. It has many branches and is lined with oily glands and hairs. The linear leaves are up to long near the base of the plant and those along the stem are much smaller.
The inflorescence is made up of several short branches lined densely in small, thick, green bracts. The bracts are just a few millimeters long and are tipped with glands. At the ends of the branches are flower heads, each lined with phyllaries which are covered in knobby resin glands. Each head contains 9-25 disc florets which are yellow with black or purplish anthers. The head has a fringe of 3-7 yellow ray florets which often have lobed tips.
Subspecies
Holocarpha virgata subsp. elongata D. D. Keck - San Diego County, western Riverside County, and Orange County
Holocarpha virgata subsp. virgata - Central Valley, etc.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment: Holocarpha virgata
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Holocarpha virgata
Holocarpha virgata — Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Madieae
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of San Diego County, California
Plants described in 1859
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
44496742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868.
History
Bruckner composed the motet on 21 April 1868 at the end of his stay in Linz. He wrote it for the 24th anniversary of the . The first performance occurred on 10 May 1868 as offertory of a mass of Antonio Lotti.
The manuscript is archived at the Linzer Singakademie (Frohsinn-archive). The motet was first published in band III/2, pp. 239–244 of the Göllerich/Auer biography. It is put in Band XXI/23 of the .
Music
The text is taken from Psalm 89 ().
{|
|
|style="padding-left:2em;"|I have found David, my servant;
I have anointed him with my holy oil.
For my hand shall aid him
and my arm shall strengthen him.
Alleluia.
|}
The work is a setting of 46 bars in F minor for choir and 4 trombones.
The last 16 bars consist of an Alleluja, for which Bruckner drew his inspiration from the Hallelujah of Händel's Messiah, on which he often improvised on the organ.
Discography
The first recording occurred in 1959:
Martin Koekelkoren, Mastreechter Staar, Royal Male Choir Mastreechter Staar – 45 rpm: Philips 402 155 NE
Other recordings:
Joachim Martini, Junge Kantorei, Geistliche Chormusik der Romantik – LP: Schwarzwald MPS 13004, 1970
Martin Flämig, Dresdner Kreuzchor, Ave Maria – Anton Bruckner: Geistliche Chöre-Motets – CD: Capriccio 10 081, 1985
Hans-Christoph Rademann, NDR Chor Hamburg, Anton Bruckner: Ave Maria – CD: Carus 83.151, 2000
Dan-Olof Stenlund, Malmö Kammarkör, Bruckner: Ausgewählte Werke - CD: Malmö Kammarkör MKKCD 051, 2004
Michael Stenov, Cantores Carmeli, Benefizkonzert Karmelitenkirche Linz - CD/DVD issued by the choir, 2006.
Thomas Kerbl, Männerchorvereinigung Bruckner 08, Anton Bruckner, Männerchöre – CD: LIVA027, 2008
Philipp Ahmann, MDR Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Anton Bruckner & Michael Haydn - Motets – SACD: Pentatone PTC 5186 868, 2021
References
Sources
August Göllerich, Anton Bruckner. Ein Lebens- und Schaffens-Bild, – posthumous edited by Max Auer by G. Bosse, Regensburg, 1932
Anton Bruckner – Sämtliche Werke, Band XXI: Kleine Kirchenmusikwerke, Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der Internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Hans Bauernfeind and Leopold Nowak (Editor), Vienna, 1984/2001
Cornelis van Zwol, Anton Bruckner 1824–1896 – Leven en werken, uitg. Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2012.
Crawford Howie, Anton Bruckner - A documentary biography, online revised edition
Uwe Harten, Anton Bruckner. Ein Handbuch. , Salzburg, 1996.
External links
Inveni David f-Moll, WAB 19 Critical discography by Hans Roelofs
Live performances can be heard on YouTube:
Rutgers University Glee Club, NJ: Inveni David
Jonas Rannila with the Manifestum Men's Choir: Inveni David (WAB 19)
Motets by Anton Bruckner
1868 compositions
Compositions in F minor |
17329040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20Justice%20%28film%29 | Extreme Justice (film) | Extreme Justice is a 1993 American action thriller film directed by Mark L. Lester and starring Lou Diamond Phillips, Scott Glenn, and Chelsea Field. Originally intended to be released theatrically in April 1993, Trimark Pictures cancelled its release due to the 1992 Los Angeles riots and shifted the film to air on HBO on June 26, 1993; the film was first theatrically released in the Philippines on May 5, 1993.
Plot
After an incident where he used questionable police tactics, Jeff Powers (Lou Diamond Phillips) is placed on probation. Upon hearing of his probation, a friend from the force later invites Jeff to join the Special Investigation Section, an elite and highly secretive Los Angeles Police Department(LAPD) unit designed to track and shut down high-profile criminals. Jeff discovers that the group is actually a group of rogue cops who actually function like an unofficially sanctioned death squad, and are given wide latitude in dealing with criminals. Although their official mission is to survey criminals and arrest them in the act of committing a crime, the squad often resorts to brutality and murder to dispatch the subjects they are supposed to arrest.
Jeff questions the purpose of the squad and begins to see them as more of a harm to society than a positive force for justice. When he tries to bring evidence of the squad's abuse of power, he learns that the squad is protected by well-connected and very influential people who already know and condone the squad's methods. Jeff's former teammates in the squad begin to suspect that Jeff has turned on them and decide to take measures to eliminate him before he can expose their activities to the public.
Cast
Lou Diamond Phillips as Detective Jeff Powers
Scott Glenn as Detective Dan Vaughn
Chelsea Field as Kelly Daniels
Yaphet Kotto as Detective Larson
Andrew Divoff as Angel
Richard Grove as Lloyd
William Lucking as Cusak
L. Scott Caldwell as Devlin
Larry Holt as Reese
Daniel Quinn as Bobby Lewis, The Surfer
Thomas Rosales Jr. as Chavez (as Tom Rosales)
Ed Frias as Herrera
Jay Arlen Jones as Nash
Adam Gifford as Speer
Jophery C. Brown as Vince
Stephen Root as Max Alvarez
Sonia Lopes as Rosa Rodrigues
Ed Lauter as Captain Shafer
See also
Magnum Force - the second film in the Dirty Harry series
References
External links
1993 films
1993 action thriller films
American action thriller films
American police detective films
Films directed by Mark L. Lester
Films scored by David Michael Frank
Films set in Los Angeles
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
17329046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjartan%20Haugen | Kjartan Haugen | Kjartan Nesbakken Haugen (born March 6, 1975, in Trondheim) is a disabled Norwegian cross-country skier. He won a gold medal at the 2002 Winter Paralympics for 5 km and another gold at the 2006 Winter Paralympics as part of the Norwegian relay team. He also won a bronze in 2002 and a bronze and a silver at the 1998 Games. He is a Right to Play ambassador. Haugen participated at the 2022 Winter Paralympics.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Trondheim
Norwegian male cross-country skiers
Paralympic cross-country skiers of Norway
Paralympic gold medalists for Norway
Paralympic silver medalists for Norway
Paralympic bronze medalists for Norway
Paralympic medalists in cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Paralympics |
23572430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Shaw%20%28journalist%29 | Albert Shaw (journalist) | Albert Shaw (July 23, 1857 – June 25, 1947) was an American journalist and academic.
Life
Born in Shandon, Ohio, to the family of Dr. Griffin M. Shaw, Albert Shaw moved to Iowa in the spring of 1875, where he attended Iowa College (now Grinnell College) specializing in constitutional history and economic science and graduated in 1879. While a student, Shaw also worked as a journalist at the Grinnell Herald. In 1881 he entered Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student.
In 1883, Shaw secured a position on the Minneapolis Tribune but returned to Johns Hopkins to complete a Ph.D. His thesis, "Icaria: A Chapter in the History of Communism", was later translated and published in Germany. After graduation, he resumed work at the Tribune.
In 1888, Shaw took a sociological tour of Britain and the European continent. There he met British journalist and reformer William Thomas Stead, editor of the British journal Review of Reviews.
In the autumn of 1890 Shaw was elected professor of international law and political institutions at Cornell University but resigned the post in 1891 to accept Stead's invitation to establish The American Review of Reviews as an American edition of the Review of Reviews. Shaw served as editor-in-chief of this publication until it ceased publication in 1937, ten years before his death at the age of ninety.
Shaw married Elizabeth Leonard Bacon of Reading, Pennsylvania, on September 5, 1893.
Shaw was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in October 1893.
Selected works
Notes
References
New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors
External links
American male journalists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
1857 births
1947 deaths
Grinnell College alumni
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
People from Butler County, Ohio |
6900663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen | Magen | Magen (, lit. Shield) may refer to:
Star of David, known in Hebrew as the Magen David
Magen, Israel, a kibbutz in southern Israel
Magen David Adom, Israel's emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service
HaMagen, a Jewish defense organization active during World War I
MAGEN (security), a technology that prevents certain data from being displayed to unauthorized people
Mira Magen (born 1950), Israeli author
David Magen (born 1945), former Israeli politician
Zvi Magen (born 1945), Israeli ambassador
See also |
44496747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester%20Fort | Manchester Fort | Manchester Fort is a retail park in the Cheetham Hill area of Manchester, United Kingdom. The property includes 36 units with a total floorspace of 325,000 sq ft. It opened in 2005 and its anchors included B&Q and TK Maxx.
Henderson Global Investors purchased Manchester Fort in 2011 from the Universities Superannuation Scheme pension fund.
References
External links
Manchester Fort
Shopping centres in Manchester
Retail parks in the United Kingdom |
17329052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Fi%20on%20the%20Rock | Sci-Fi on the Rock | Sci-Fi on the Rock is an annual science fiction, fantasy and horror festival held in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. It was founded by Darren Hann and Melanie Collins in mid-to-late 2006, and held its first festival in 2007. Since its first year, Sci-Fi on the Rock has been a completely volunteer organized non-profit event.
History
It began in 2007 at the Hotel Mount Pearl, moving on to be housed in the Holiday Inn in St. John's as of April 2008. The convention made another move in 2016 to the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland. The festival has had a number a notable guests both from Newfoundland and beyond, including science-fiction author Kenneth Tam (Defense Command, His Majesty's New World), comic-book artist Paul Tucker (The Underworld Railroad, Google John Smith), actor Brian Downey (Lexx, Millennium), actor Jeremy Bulloch (The Empire Strikes Back, Octopussy), author William Meikle (The Midnight Eye series), horror author Matthew LeDrew (Black Womb, Roulette) and author Shannon Patrick Sullivan (The Dying Days).
First Festival
Sci-Fi on the Rock's first festival was held on April 1, 2007 at the Hotel Mount Pearl (formerly Chateau Park) in Mount Pearl, Newfoundland. It featured special guest authors Kenneth Tam and Shannon Patrick Sullivan, and local business/fangroup, Vader Party. As well as featuring special guests, the festival featured workshops throughout the day including the popular "Lightsaber Techniques", "Basic Horror Make-Up for Film and Television" and "Costume Designing". In addition, there were a number of sales-and-display tables, and a number of competitions such as Video Games, Model Building, Costume Contest, and others. Sci-Fi on the Rock also featured a canteen with Sci-Fi related food (i.e.: "The Kirk Burger").
Having been planned and put off within only a few months, and with little publicity, Sci-Fi on the Rock's first festival was a surprise success with almost 500 people attending, and was covered in many local media pages, as well as internet sites.
Sci-Fi on the Rock II
As a result of the success of the first festival, Sci-Fi on the Rock organizers Darren Hann and Melanie Collins, as well as the now-larger organizing committee decided that the festival should be held again the following year and should be bigger. Around the summer of 2007, planning for Sci-Fi on the Rock II would commence.
The first change was time and place. It was increased from a one-day to a full weekend event, and was held in a larger venue. Sci-Fi on the Rock II was held at the Holiday Inn hotel in St. John's, on Saturday, April 19 and Sunday, April 20, 2008. As a kick-off to the festival, author Kenneth Tam was invited back as a special guest, and launched the first book in his new series The Grasslands on the evening before the festival. Other changes included the amount of publicity the festival received, and the structure of different competitions.
The list of special guests grew from three to seven, with Kenneth Tam and Vader Party returning for their second year, and the addition of authors Matthew LeDrew and Willie Meikle, comic-book artist Paul Tucker of Viper Comics, as well as the appearance of Celebrity Special Guests, actors Jeremy Bulloch, who notably played the bounty hunter Boba Fett from the Star Wars Franchise, and Brian Downey, who is perhaps best known for his role of Stanley Tweedle from Lexx: The Series.
Like the year before, Sci-Fi on the Rock II was met with positive reviews and overall success. In addition to more media coverage, both before and after the festival, the attendance increased to over 700—with a number of patrons coming from other parts of Canada, the United States and even the United Kingdom. The guests as well had an enjoyable time. Jeremy Bulloch commented on his website that "The people of Newfoundland are extremely friendly. It was only the second time that Darren had put the 'Sci-Fi on the Rock' show on, and it was very well attended. Lots of costumes and games for the children and it seemed that everyone was having a good time".
Sci-Fi on the Rock II featured a Charity Auction, which benefited the School Lunch Association. Items that had been placed for bid included a Limited Edition Star Wars T-shirt-and-Box Set which is not available in North America (donated by Jeremy Bulloch), a Lexx Prize pack, including many behind-the-scenes cuts and scripts (donated by Brian Downey), a Limited Edition Boba Fett action figure, personally autographed by Jeremy Bulloch, and a P.A.D.D. that was used on the set of Star Trek: The Next Generation (which was donated by an agent of one of the actors of the show).
Sci-Fi on the Rock III
Sci-Fi on the Rock had its third festival on April 25 and 26, 2009 at the Holiday Inn in St. John's once again. The special guest actors for this year were Vaughn Armstrong, who is perhaps best known as Admiral Maxwell Forrest from Star Trek: Enterprise, Christian Simpson, who notably played Lt. Gavyn Sykes in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace and also worked on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (as Old Fred Weasley), and Peter Mayhew who notably played Chewbacca the Wookiee in the Star Wars saga. Author guests included returning authors Kenneth Tam, Matthew LeDrew and Willie Meikle, and welcomed for the first time Louise Bohmer.
Following in the tradition of the previous year, the festival was upgraded due to the overwhelming response to the last festival to better accommodate the demand. Such changes included the addition of a third workshop room, which added around 20+ workshops to the festival. Other additions included the Cantina, a midnight movie, and website redesigns. This year also marked the first Fan Film that Sci-Fi on the Rock was involved with producing: Star Wars: Inner Demons.
Returning attractions included many of the workshops from the previous year, including Lightsaber Technique, Stage Combat, Star Wars, Transformers, Special Effect Make-up and others. The Charity Auction also returned, again aiding the School Lunch Association. Dinner with the Stars, an event where a limited number of guests are able to sit and enjoy a three-course meal with the special guest actors, also returned.
Sci-Fi on the Rock 3 was met with over a thousand visitors, and received many positive reviews from patrons.
Sci-Fi on the Rock IV
Sci-Fi on the Rock IV took place on April 17 and 18, 2010. Planning began in September 2009. The festival took place in its regular venue, the Holiday Inn. Special guests included actors Casey Biggs who played Damar on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Max Grodénchik who played Rom on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Nalini Krishan who is perhaps best known as Barris Offee, the Jedi Padawan to Lumiara Unduli, as well as authors Matthew LeDrew, Ellen Curtis, Dwain Campbell, Ira Nayman, Kevin Woolridge and Patti Kennedy. Actor Mike Savva was scheduled to attend, but as a result of the Icelandic Volcano eruptions and the resulting ash cloud over UK Airspace, he was unable to come to Newfoundland.
The 2010 festival again broke its previous record by having over 1200 people visit its attractions, beating the previous year's total of just over 1000. This was a twofold success, as this year the festival competed with the 2010 JUNO Awards. Besides growth in numbers, the festival grew in other ways. For example, in May 2009 (almost immediately following the past festival), Sci-Fi on the Rock opened an online store on their website. Also,
Due to the success of Hann Made Film's first fan-film, Star Wars: Inner Demons, Hann Made Films filmed another fan-film, this time a Stargate SG-1/Doctor Who crossover film, titled Replication. The film debuted at Sci-Fi on the Rock IV, to great reception again.
Also, Sci-Fi on the Rock and HannMade Films teamed up to create Sci-Fi on the Rock TV, a video magazine that provided festival updates on an "almost bi-weekly" basis. Season One of Sci-Fi on the Rock TV was hosted by Steve Lake and Ellen Curtis, and ran from September 11, 2009 to May 2010.
Season Two began in September 2010, with both hosts returning, until Ellen Curtis was replaced by Melanie Collins.
Sci-Fi on the Rock V
Sci-Fi on the Rock held its fifth festival on April 15, 16 and 17, 2011, making this year the first time the organization launched a festival that spanned three days. It was held again at the St. John's Holiday Inn, and was kicked off with a book launch from festival co-founder Darren Hann, followed by the festival's first ever film festival. Special guests who were in attendance this year were actor Mike Savva (who was scheduled to appear for Sci-Fi on the Rock IV but was waylaid due to Volcanic activity over UK airspace), actor Robert Axelrod (better known as the voice of Lord Zedd from the Power Rangers), actor David Nykl, known as Doctor Zelenka from Stargate Atlantis, actor John Garman "J. G." Hertzler (known in the Star Trek community for his role on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9) as the Klingon General, and later Chancellor, Martok) and Suzie Plakson who is an actress, singer, writer, poet, and artist, who has played four characters on various Star Trek series, including Worf's wife K'Ehleyr. Special guests also included returning authors Matthew Ledrew, Ellen Curtis, and actor/comic creator Kevin Woolridge, and welcomed newcomers Charles Picco from Todd and the Book of Pure Evil. Picco, a native Newfoundlander, is the co-creator/co-writer/executive story editor of Todd and The Book of Pure Evil, a comedy/horror series that previously aired on the Space Channel.
Like in previous years, the fifth festival beat its numbers from the previous year; while an exact figure is not yet known, it is estimated that around 1500 people visited the festival this year. Because this year marked the organization's fifth year, the festival staff introduced its first annual film festival, which commenced on the festival's opening night. Eleven films were submitted and screened, ten of which were from local film-makers, and one (X-Meeting) from Halifax, Nova Scotia. The winner of this film festival was a horror/comedy short called "Date With The Dead".
Sci-Fi on the Rock VI
Sci-Fi on the Rock VI occurred on April 20 to 22, 2012. Due to the growth of attendees at Sci-Fi on the Rock events, the layout of the festival underwent and overhaul to ensure the larger numbers could be accommodated. This new layout has continued to stand as the standard. Special guest actor Richard Hatch of Battlestar Galactica fame, in addition to appearing as a guest, offered an acting workshop for festival patrons. Also appearing was Jeffrey Combs from the Reanimator series, Peter Roy who appeared in Star Wars and Doctor Who, French-born Fantasy Art model Drakaina, comedian and chocolate bar inspiration Fat Apollo, and talent agent Lolita Fatjo, who has helped Sci-Fi on the Rock obtain many of their previous and future guests.
The Film Festival returned, featuring 9 short films. This time, the festival went international very unexpectedly, and received submissions from India, Spain, Mexico, Denmark and the United Kingdom. The winner of the JFE Audience Choice Award was a film called "Deadspiel", from Ontario.
Once more, the festival beat its own record for attendees, with the numbers reaching close to 1800.
Sci-Fi on the Rock VII
Sci-Fi on the Rock held its seventh annual festival from April 24 to April 26, 2013. The special guests for that year included Mike Dopud from Stargate Universe, Dominic Keating from Star Trek: Enterprise, Dean Haglund who portrayed Langly in The X-Files and its spin-off series The Lone Gunmen, Gary Jones who is perhaps best known for playing Walter Harriman on Stargate: SG1, and cosplay model and actress Ginny McQueen.
In the previous year, some of the special guest actors undertook a more active role in the event than simply delivering a Q&A panel and offering photos and autographs (namely, Richard Hatch offered an acting workshop). The same happened this year, as actors Dean Haglund and Gary Jones—who are close friends in real life—served as Masters of Ceremonies for the Sci-Fi on the Rock cantina, as well as closing out the show with a rousing improvised comedy sketch. The remaining special guests were among the entertained audience members, showcasing that the Sci-Fi on the Rock offerings as well as the inherent charm of Newfoundland and Labrador made this event equally as entertaining to the guests themselves as it did to the patrons.
Continuing again with its trend of breaking its own attendance numbers, Sci-Fi on the Rock 7 was met with a staggering increase in popularity.
The Sci-Fi on the Rock International Film Festival entered its third year, and received some of its best submissions. Films were received from Newfoundland, Ontario, Alberta, the United States, Spain and the United Kingdom. The winning film was "Brutal Relax", a Spanish film by film maker David Muñoz.
Sci-Fi on the Rock VIII
Sci-Fi on the Rock 8 took place at the Holiday Inn in St. John's on May 23, 24 and 25, 2014. Guests included Aron Eisenberg from Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Michael Hogan from Battlestar Galactica and Teen Wolf, Erin Fitzgerald who voices characters from a wide variety of video games and TV shows including Monster High, Bravely Default and Ed, Edd and Eddy, and Musetta Vander from various sci-fi films and television shows. Also announced to appear is make-up artist Mike McCarty, who is known for his work on Sin City, Kill Bill 1 and 2, The Pacific and The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe (which won an Oscar for Best Make-up).
The film festival entered its fourth year at Sci-Fi on the Rock, having its most successful turn-out yet. This year, there were three awards—Best Picture (awarded by judges), Critical Impact (awarded by judges) and Audience Choice Award. The Critical Impact award, which recognizes a film that demonstrates powerful storytelling execution, was awarded to U.S. film Aemorraghe, while Best Picture and Audience Choice Award were both awarded to the short film Fist of Jesus from Barcelona, Spain.
Sci-Fi on the Rock 9
Sci-Fi on the Rock 9 is took place at the Holiday Inn in St. John's from April 24–26, 2015. Guests include Lynda Boyd from Supernatural, Sanctuary and Republic of Doyle, Frazer Hines who is better known as the Second Doctor's companion Jamie McCrimmon from Doctor Who, Peter Williams who played Apophis on Stargate: SG-1, cosplayers Adam Smith and Kevin St. Pierre, with Fat Apollo returning to Emcee certain events.
The event was again a great success. The crowd was so large that it was clear that Sci-Fi on the Rock had again outgrown a venue. This would be the last year that Sci-Fi on the Rock took place at the Holiday Inn.
Sci-Fi on the Rock 10
Sci-Fi on the Rock experienced its first big move since 2008. Sci-Fi on the Rock 10 took place at the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland in St. John's from April 1–3, 2016. Guests included Eugene Simon, from Game of Thrones, Robert Picardo, known as the Doctor on Star Trek: Voyager as well as from shows such as Stargate, Kirby Morrow, a well known voice actor, and J.M. Frey, a writer. As well Fat Apollo came back again to act as emcee.
The location change was very successful. The move gave Sci-Fi on the Rock some room to stretch its legs and attendees appreciated the extra space that the Sheraton Hotel provided. The vendor's area grew and more varied vendors and artists were able to attend. The attendance for SFotR 10 was well over 2250 people throughout the weekend. This was the first year that Sci-Fi on the Rock had a VIP pass.
The change in location also gave Sandbox Gaming a bigger and more comfortable space at our convention for gaming.
Sci-Fi on the Rock 11
Sci-Fi on the Rock 11 was held at the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland in St. John's from April 28–30, 2017. Guests included Doug Jones (actor), known from many films and television shows including Hellboy II: The Golden Army, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Pan's Labyrinth, and Hocus Pocus (1993 film), Jewel Staite, best known as Kaylee on Firefly (TV series) as well as from many television shows and films such as Stargate Atlantis, Higher Ground (TV series), The L.A. Complex, and The Killing (U.S. TV series), Ethan Phillips, an actor best known as Neelix on Star Trek: Voyager, as well as local cosplay guests FoamWerx, Gary Murrin and Hamilton Cornish. Fat Apollo was once again the guest emcee.
Sci-Fi on the Rock saw another amazing year with many great workshops. Space at the Sheraton Hotel is already becoming tight as some workshops and panels had long line-ups and filled to capacity. On Sunday attendees and committee alike were surprised by an unplanned visit to the convention by past guest Eugene Simon, who said that when he realized he had the time he did not want to miss it.
Sci-Fi on the Rock 12
Sci-Fi on the Rock 12 took place at the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland on April 6–8, 2018. Guests included actress, ADR director and singer-songwriter Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, voice actor of anime, animation and video games Steven Blum, actor Fintan McKeown, known for Star Trek: Voyager, Merlin (2008 TV series), and Game of Thrones, and Connor Trinneer known for his work on Star Trek: Enterprise and Stargate Atlantis. The cosplay guest was Vanessa Pinsent Cosplay who specializes in big builds using a variety of materials including fabric, foam and more. Returning as Master of Ceremonies was comedian Fat Apollo.
Sci-fi on the Rock 13
The successful completion of Sci-Fi on the Rock 13 took place at the Sheraton Hotel Newfoundland on March 29–31, 2019.
Guests included Stefan Kapicic known as Colossus of the Deadpool movies, Terry Farrell known for her role in the Star Trek Deep Space 9 series, Rainbow Francks known for Stargate Atlantis, Aliens vs Predator: Requiem, and Umbrella Academy, Lori White an animator for several well known cartoons, local cosplayer Nichole Maddox of Mad Maddox Cosplay, and Fat Apollo as Master of Ceremonies.
The three day event included workshops and panels created by both the organizational commitment as well as members of the community. Back this year by popular demand was the 19+ Dance Party which showed a significant growth in attendance from previous years, as well as the all ages karaoke. This year saw the revival of the live auction, as well as the short film festival this year hosted by the Nickel Independent Film Festival.
Several new events were offered for 2019 including the book launch of "The Fifth Queen" for author Ali House, and a live performance from the CBS band.
Geek Survivor
Additional to the contests discussed in the main articles, there is a larger competition held during the festival called "Geek Survivor", where contestants compete to be crowned the title of "Newfoundland's Ultra Geek".
Although it is called "Geek Survivor", it more closely resembles Jeopardy! and Beat the Geeks in structure and style. It is a trivia-based game, where contestants answer questions of varying difficulty about different Sci-Fi topics. At the end of the game, the contestant with the highest score is crowned "Ultra Geek".
Mark Downey was crowned as the first Sci-Fi on the Rock Ultra Geek on April 1, 2007. Dr. Glyn George, a MUN professor and Doctor Who and Star Trek enthusiast, was crowned on April 20, 2008. He later abdicated his throne, as he became involved in the planning of Sci-Fi on the Rock, retiring from the competition undefeated. Newfoundland's Ultra Geek for 2009, crowned at Sci-Fi on the Rock 3, was Chickie Who. They, too, retired undefeated.
Andrew O'Brien was crowned as Newfoundland's fourth Ultra Geek on April 18, 2010. Unlike his predecessors, he competed again in the fifth Geek Survivor challenge, but was dethroned by Ford Cooke, who was crowned as the fifth Ultra Geek on April 17, 2011.
In 2012, the winner of Geek Survivor was a patron who was identified only as "Star Wars guy", and 2013 saw the rise of Jason Gosse as Newfoundland's Ultra Geek.
Film Festival
In 2011, Sci-Fi on the Rock teamed up with a local company, to bring forth the festival's first annual film festival as a large-scale addition to the festival attractions. This festival offered the JFE Audience Choice Award, sponsored by Justin Foley Entertainment, which was awarded to the film that received the highest number of audience votes. In its first year, 11 films were submitted and screened, 10 of which were from local film-makers, and one (X-Meeting) from Halifax, Nova Scotia.
In 2015, the film festival separated from Sci-Fi on the Rock due of large interest, and became a stand-alone event called Granite Planet International Film Festival, but still brings highlighted films to be screened at Sci-Fi on the Rock.
A refreshed version of the Film Festival will be returning to Sci-Fi on the Rock in 2018 to be organized by Sci-Fi on the Rock.
Workshops
Apart from the media guest Q&A's, autographs and photo sessions, there are many other workshops during the festival, these change yearly but in the past have included:
Comic-Book drawing
Acting
Getting Published
Getting Self-Published
Costume Contests
Lego Robotics
Lightsaber Workshop
Movie Make-up
Writer's Circle
The Cantina
Making its first appearance at Sci-Fi on the Rock 2009, the Cantina is an informal concert/variety show held on one of the evenings of the festival. Performers opt to play Sci-Fi related music, known as Filk, but that is not always the case. The Cantina features performances by musicians involved with the festival, an open mic, and there is an improvised acting piece prepared that audience members are call upon to perform. The event gets its name as a reference to the Mos Eisley Cantina in Star Wars: A New Hope.
At its maiden performance in 2009, guest Vaughn Armstrong performed at the Cantina with his ukulele, which was a highlight performance. In 2011, Suzie Plakson gave a singing performance, and in 2013 the Cantina was hosted by Gary Jones and Dean Haglund, a first-time occurrence for the Cantina. They also closed out the show with an improvised sketch comedy, which paid a great deal of attention to the name of one of Newfoundland and Labrador's communities, Dildo. The Cantina was replaced with Friday Night Karaoke in 2015.
The Dance
Sci-Fi on the Rock holds a dance on the Saturday of the convention. This is a 19+ event held at the hotel the convention is being held in. It is a very popular event that draws quiet a crowd.
Starlight/VIP Social
The Starlight Social started as an add-on event that included champagne and possibly meeting guests. After the introduction of the VIP Pass in 2015 it became a VIP only event. Dessert buffet or finger food platters have been provided in previous years, and it is a chance to socialize in a smaller setting than the dance or karaoke.
In 2018 the Starlight Social also included a live musical accompaniment by the Newfoundland Symphony Orchestra.
Guest history
Since its inception, Sci-Fi on the Rock has had a number of guests of different types. Below is a list of guests they have had at their festival.
2007
Kenneth Tam, author
Shannon Patrick Sullivan, author
Vader Party, business/cosplayers
2008
Kenneth Tam, author
William Meikle, author
Matthew LeDrew, author
Paul Tucker, comic book artist
Jeremy Bulloch, actor
Brian Downey, actor
2009
Kenneth Tam, author
Matthew LeDrew, author
Willie Meikle, author
Louise Bohmer, author
Vaughn Armstrong, actor
Christian Simpson, actor
Peter Mayhew, actor
2010
Nalini Krishan, actress
Casey Biggs, actor
Max Grodénchik, actor
Matthew LeDrew, author
Ellen Curtis, author
Dwain Campbell, author
Ira Nayman, author
Kevin Woolridge, comic book creator
2011
Mike Savva, actor
Robert Axelrod, actor
David Nykl, actor
Suzie Plakson, actress
J. G. Hertzler, actor
Ellen Curtis, author
Matthew LeDrew, author
Kevin Woolridge, author/comic artist
Charles Picco, co-creator/co-writer/executive story editor of Todd and the Book of Pure Evil
2012
Richard Hatch, actor
Jeffrey Combs, actor
Lolita Fatjo, writer and agent
Peter Roy, actor
Fat Apollo, comedian
Drakaina, fantasy art model
2013
Dominic Keating, actor
Mike Dopud, actor
Gary Jones, actor
Dean Haglund, actor
Ginny McQueen, Cosplay model/actress
2014
Michael Hogan, actor
Aron Eisenberg, actor
Musetta Vander, actress
Mike McCarty, make up artist/author
Erin Fitzgerald, voice actor
2015
Lynda Boyd, actress
Frazer Hines, actor
Peter Williams, actor
Adam Smith and Kevin St. Pierre, cosplayers
Fat Apollo, emcee
2016
Eugene Simon, actor
Kirby Morrow, actor/voice actor
Robert Picardo, actor
J.M. Frey, author
Fat Apollo, emcee
2017
Jewel Staite, actress
Doug Jones, actor/ voice actor
Ethan Phillips, actor/ voice actor
Foamwerx - Gary Murrin and Hamilton Cornish, local cosplay guests
Fat Apollo, emcee
2018
Fintan McKeown actor
Steven Blum voice actor
Mary Elizabeth McGlynn voice actor, singer
Vanessa Pincent Cosplay - Vanessa Pincent
Fat Apollo, Emcee
2019
Stefan Kapicic, actor
Terry Farrell, actress
Rainbow Francks, actor
Lori White, animator
Mad Maddox Cosplay - Nicole Maddox, Cosplayer
Fat Apollo, emcee
Outside Events
The Sci-Fi on the Rock committee spends the rest of the time they are not planning the convention going to outside events. Often these events invite the public to join them in doing different things.
Some events that Sci-Fi on the Rock has hosted or attended in the past include:
Hosted
24 Hour Dungeons and Dragons Marathon lived streamed on Twitch for Charity
BBQ in the park
Clothing Swaps
Cosplay Workshops
Trivia Nights
Merry Geek-mas (more below)
Sci-Fi at the Rocket
Attended
Pride Parade
St. John's Christmas Parade
Mount Pearl Christmas Parade
Avalon Expo
Hal-Con
NGX by Sandbox Gaming
The St. John's Regatta
Victoria Park Lantern Fest
Merry Geek-mas
Merry Geek-mas is a craft fair hosted by Sci-Fi on the Rock around the end of November or beginning of December each year. Vendors that frequently attend Sci-Fi on the Rock as well as other vendors with similarly geeky products are given space to sell their wares in time for the holiday season. Table space is also given to the charity Sci-fi on the Rock is supporting for the year. In previous years a canteen was open with food such as chili for purchase.
Costumed characters attend and were available for photo ops in previous years, and have included Superheroes, Princesses, and a unique Santa-Vader experience!
The event is taking place at the Mazol Shriner's in St. John's Newfoundland in December 2019.
Sci-Fi at the Rocket
Since 2015 Sci-Fi on the Rock has been partnering with the Rocket Bakery, in downtown St. John's, to host a kick-off event for Sci-Fi on the Rock each year. This event is typically held the weekend before Sci-Fi on the Rock and has mini workshops and panels as well as Sandbox Gaming with some games. In the past there has been trivia, author readings, auctions and more.
Sci-Fi on the Rock TV
In September 2009, Sci-Fi on the Rock put together "Sci-Fi on the Rock TV", a webshow that would appear on YouTube and Facebook, as well as on the Sci-Fi on the Rock website. Each "webisode" runs approximately 10 minutes in length, and would serve as publicity for the festival, as well as a video newsletter, as it were. It is hosted by Steve Lake and Ellen Curtis, and is directed and produced by Darren Hann. The first episode "aired" on YouTube and Facebook on Friday, September 11, 2009. The guests were Darren Hann (Sci-Fi on the Rock festival organizer) and Matthew LeDrew (author of the Black Womb series).
Season One Episodes
Episode 1—September 11, 2009. Guests: Darren Hann, Matthew LeDrew
Episode 2—September 18, 2009. Guests: Jennifer Graham, Ross Barney
Episode 3—October 12, 2009. Guests: Justin Foley, Simon Babineau
Episode 4—November 6, 2009. Guests: Melanie Collins, Carson Smith, Matthew LeDrew (Note: This was a special "Roadshow" episode, where Sci-Fi on the Rock TV visit Newfoundland's West Coast Con in Corner Brook)
Episode 5—December 12, 2009. Guests: Justin Foley, Peggy Dixon
Episode 6—January 27, 2010. Guests: Melanie Collins, Mark Todd
Episode 7—February 21, 2010. Guests: Darth Vader, Darren Hann
Episode 8—March 22, 2010. Guests: Jean Hewson, Julia Coombes
Episode 9—April 6, 2010. Festival Recap episode.
Sci-Fi on the Rock TV plans to air some "on-location" episodes from the Sci-Fi festival.
Season Two Episodes
Season Two of Sci-Fi on the Rock TV saw the return of Steve Lake and Ellen Curtis as hosts, but also Ellen's departure and the addition of Melanie Collins as co-host. Also, Season Two was filmed in a new location, with new equipment and new opening sequences. It is available to be watched at the Sci-Fi on the Rock site.
References
External links
Sci-Fi on the Rock Official site
Telegram News
Science fiction conventions in Canada
Multigenre conventions
2007 establishments in Canada |
20466095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsolt%20Aubel | Zsolt Aubel | Zsolt Aubel (born 20 May 1972) is a Hungarian footballer who played for BVSC Budapest as striker.
References
Futballévkönyv 1999 [Football Yearbook 1999], Volume I, pp. 78–82, Aréna 2000 kiadó, Budapest, 2000;
Profile, Nela.hu; Retrieved 16 November 2016.
1972 births
Living people
Hungarian people of German descent
Footballers from Budapest
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian expatriate footballers
Association football forwards
III. Kerületi TUE footballers
Budapesti VSC footballers
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
FC Monthey players
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland |
20466103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural%20on%20Our%20Street | Mural on Our Street | Mural on Our Street is a 1965 American short documentary film directed by Dee Dee Halleck. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
List of American films of 1965
References
External links
1965 films
1965 short films
1960s short documentary films
American short documentary films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films |
20466111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Vaux%2C%204th%20Baron%20Vaux%20of%20Harrowden | Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden | Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (13 September 1588 – 8 September 1661) was an English peer. He was the son of George Vaux (1564–1594) and his wife Elizabeth Vaux (daughter of John Roper, 1st Baron Teynham, born about 1564), and the grandson and heir of William Vaux, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden. He succeeded his grandfather as Baron Vaux of Harrowden in August 1595, just before his seventh birthday.
Early life and religion
The Vaux and Roper families were Catholics, and the third Baron Vaux was convicted of recusancy several times during the reign of Elizabeth I. As a minor heir to a barony, Edward Vaux became a ward of the queen on his grandfather's death. His widowed mother, known as the "Dowager of Harrowden" or (incorrectly, as her husband was never Lord Vaux) as the "Dowager Lady Vaux", devastated by the loss of her beloved husband, vowed to never remarry and devoted the rest of her life to religion. During a remodelling of the family estate at Great Harrowden in young Edward's name, she incorporated hidden rooms for the harbouring of Catholic priests including her confessor, the dashing Jesuit John Gerard. Her activities were closely watched by the authorities, and both Edward and his mother were investigated in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Edward felt it prudent to go abroad for some years.
He returned to England in 1611, apparently to intercede for his mother, who had been arrested for recusancy. For refusing to take the 1606 Oath of Allegiance to James I, entailing a denial of the pope's authority over the king, Edward was committed to the Fleet prison. He was sentenced in the Kings Bench to perpetual imprisonment and loss of property on 1 March 1612, but he was transferred to the custody of the Dean of Westminster and had a grant of his forfeited lands in October 1612. He had already saved some of the family estates by conveying them in trust to five of his Protestant neighbours, even though such a transaction was strictly forbidden by law. He was later released on surety of £1000.
Military career
On 3 January 1621, Vaux was summoned to the Parliament which James reluctantly called to raise funds for the military assistance of his son-in-law Frederick V, Elector Palatine. When Parliament instead demanded abandonment of the planned Spanish Match for Charles, Prince of Wales and war with Spain, James dissolved Parliament and pursued the Spanish bride for his son with renewed vigor. The king supported a request by the Spanish ambassador to allow volunteers to be recruited for service in the Spanish Army of Flanders, which relied heavily on foreign mercenaries, and suspended the statute that required volunteers in foreign service to take the Oath of Allegiance before leaving the country. In 1622 Edward Vaux was licensed to raise a regiment of English Catholics for the Spanish service, but at the Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom, he was dismayed to find his regiment facing English Protestant troops despite Spanish promises to the contrary, and many of his men deserted rather than engage their fellow-countrymen.
Vaux paid £300 to purge his personal attendance on Charles I at York in March 1639 for the military expedition into Scotland known as the First Bishops' War.
Marriage and estate
When Edward was seventeen, his mother sought to arrange his marriage to Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, but the marriage negotiations were abandoned as hopeless in the wake of the Gunpowder Plot, and Elizabeth was married to William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury who was some 40 years her senior on 23 December 1605. Nevertheless, Edward and Elizabeth Howard seem to have fallen in love, for they were married in June 1632 within five weeks of her first husband's death. The marriage produced no children, but Elizabeth's two sons, Edward (1627–1645) and Nicolas (1631–1674), born in the lifetime of her elderly first husband, were widely presumed to be the illegitimate sons of Edward Vaux. Neither son is mentioned in the earl's will, but in 1641 the law courts decided that Edward was Earl of Banbury, and when he was slain in an argument aged 18 (before June 1645), his brother Nicholas, who had used the surname "Vaux", took the title. On 19 October 1646, Edward Vaux settled the whole of his estates on Nicholas, speaking of him as "now Earl of Banbury, heretofore called Nicholas Vaux" to the total exclusion of his own lawful heirs. However, in the Convention Parliament of 1660 the House of Lords questioned Nicolas's right to the title and through Nicholas and his descendants arose a long contest for the Banbury peerage (see Knollys family).
Edward Vaux's wife Elizabeth died on 17 April 1658, aged 71. Vaux died on 8 September 1661, aged 74. Both were buried at Dorking, Surrey.
On Edward's death without legitimate issue, the Barony of Vaux of Harrowden was inherited by his brother Henry who died without issue in 1663.
In 1632, he added to his property in the area by purchasing the Manor of Little Harrowden from John Sanderson, his wife Cecily and John Sanderson junior.
Notes
References
Fraser, Antonia, Faith and Treason: The Story of the Gunpowder Plot, Nan Talese/Doubleday, 1996, .
Kenyon, J.P. The Popish Plot, Phoenix Press, reissue 2000
Manning, Roger B, An Apprenticeship in Arms: The Origins of the British Army 1585–1702, Oxford University Press, 2006, , excerpted at Google Books
1588 births
1661 deaths
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
17th-century English military personnel
17th-century Spanish military personnel
Barons Vaux of Harrowden
English Roman Catholics
Edward |
17329053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPE%20Quero%20Quero | IPE Quero Quero | The KW-1b Quero Quero (Brazilian name for the southern lapwing bird) is a sailplane that was produced in Brazil in the 1970s and 1980s. It is a conventional, single seat design of wooden construction. The undercarriage is a fixed monowheel, and construction is of wood (freijó and plywood) throughout.
Development
The original KW-1a prototype, designed and constructed by Kuno Widmaier, first flew in 1969.
At the time CTA (Brazilian Aviation Authority at the time) was looking for a new sailplane of Brazilian design to re-equip the Aeroclubs. Other types were considered, but the good results achieved by Widmaier called attention of the selection group.
IPE started the process of adaptations required for certification and assembly production: taller cockpit, redesigned nose, and enlarged rudder, it achieved Brazilian certification in December 1976 and was produced by IPE (Indústria Paranaense de Estruturas) under contract by the Brazilian Government. 156 units were produced and supplied to Brazilian flying clubs. Many soaring records were established with the type (Kw-1 Records), which is commonly used as the first solo type during flight training. As of 2017 it still is the most numerous glider type in Brazil.
Variants
After certification, about four different variants were developed: two variants by IPE, and two from independent initiatives.
Quero Quero II
Developed by IPE with different vertical and horizontal tail, and retractable wheel. At least one built.
Quero Quero GB
Developed by Eng. Francisco Leme Galvao, and built by IPE, the GB had a different nose, winglets, laminar profile and retractable wheel. Two Built with registration PP-ZUM and PP-ZUN.
Falcon
In 1978, Wolfram Gabler and his father Ebehard Gabler, developed from a Kw-1 fuselage a modified version with a different wing profile, new wing-tips, and cockpit. The construction of the new version took place at his father's living room, taking 5600 working hours.
The maiden flight took place on October 15, 1982, flow by Wolfram Gabler at Palmeira das Missoes, Brazil.
The variant was very successful in soaring contests, having won 3 championships. Only a single unit was built.
Super Quero Quero
Developed independently, with a new cockpit, wing plan-form, vertical tail, and fixed mono wheel. At least two built.
Specifications
See also
References
Notes
External links
1960s Brazilian civil aircraft
1960s Brazilian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1969
High-wing aircraft |
20466124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiolestes | Zodiolestes | Zodiolestes is a genus of mustelids, now extinct, which existed during the Miocene period.
The genus was first described in 1942, by E. S. Riggs, who identified the sister genus Promartes at the same time, and assigned to the family Procyonidae. In 1998 it was assigned to the subfamily Oligobuninae of the family Mustelidae. Two species have been identified in the genus: Z. daimonelixensis and Z. freundi.
Z. daimonelixensis showed digging adaptations, and one fossil was found curled up in the "corkscrew" burrow of the Miocene beaver, Palaeocastor. Zodiolestes was most likely a predator of these fossorial beavers.
This situation was analogous to the modern day prairie dog (genus Cynomys) and its predator the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).
References
Prehistoric mustelids
Miocene mustelids
Prehistoric mammals of North America
Prehistoric carnivoran genera |
17329062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuit%20%28song%29 | Nuit (song) | "Nuit" is a song recorded by the French trio Jean-Jacques Goldman, Carole Fredericks and Michael Jones. It was the first single from their debut album, Fredericks Goldman Jones, on which the song features as the fifth track. It achieved success in terms of sales in France.
Background, lyrics and music
Goldman explained that "Nuit" was written in a very short time, i.e. just a few hours. He confessed that he was proud of this song, especially for its text. The music is inspired by Peter Green. The choice of "Nuit" as the first single from the album was difficult : the three singers did not agree initially, but ultimately chose this song, considering that it was very representative of the album which is "really based on vocals and guitars".
The song includes lyrics in French-language (written by Goldman) and in English-language (written by Jones and sung by Fredericks).
According to Elia Habib, a specialist of French charts, this song is characterized by its "sweetness and lucidity". It is "mainly based on percussion, shooting background framework, and the electric guitar, expressive soloist which plays the refrain". In the last verse, Goldman and Fredericks mix their voices singing in both languages (Goldman sings again the lyrics from the first verse). The song ends with a solo guitar.
The song is included on the best of Pluriel 90-96 and Intégrale 1990-2000, and on the live albums Sur scène and Un tour ensemble (on this last album, the song was performed by Jones and Goldman).
Chart performances and cover versions
In France, "Nuit" charted for 19 weeks on the singles chart, from 18 December 1990 to 13 April 1991. It debuted at number 29 and climbed quickly on the chart, reaching the top ten three weeks later, where it remained for nine weeks, peaking at number six on 16 February. The single was eventually certified Silver disc by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Although not released in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain (promotional vinyl only), it charted in the Netherlands, reaching number 30.
On the European Hot 100, "Nuit" debuted at number 72 on 22 December 1990, peaked at number 36 in its fifth week, and remained in the top 100 for 16 weeks. It was much aired on radio, starting at number 48 on the European Airplay Top 50 on 8 December 1990, reached number 15 in its sixth week and remained on the chart for 13 weeks.
In December 1998, the song was performed on the French TV show Hit Machine by the female duet Native and Patrick Fiori.
Formats and track listings
CD single
"Nuit" — 5:39
"Je l'aime aussi" — 5:07
7" single
"Nuit" — 5:39
"Je l'aime aussi" — 5:07
CD single - United Kingdom
"Nuit" — 4:54
"Chanson d'amour" — 4:07
"Je l'aime aussi" — 6:10
12 inch single - United Kingdom
"Nuit" — 5:38
"Chanson d'amour" — 4:07
"Je l'aime aussi" — 6:10
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Certifications
References
Songs about nights
1990 songs
1991 debut singles
Carole Fredericks songs
Jean-Jacques Goldman songs
Michael Jones (Welsh-French musician) songs
Macaronic songs
Songs written by Jean-Jacques Goldman
CBS Records singles
Song recordings produced by Erick Benzi |
17329076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hpare | Hpare | Hpare is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17329085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haslet%20%28disambiguation%29 | Haslet (disambiguation) | Haslet is a herbed pork meatloaf.
Haslet may also refer to:
Places
Haslet, Texas, United States
People
John Haslet (1727–1777), American clergyman and soldier
Joseph Haslet (1769–1823), American farmer and politician
See also
Haslett (surname)
Haslett, Michigan
Hazlet (disambiguation)
Hazlitt (disambiguation) |
20466146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lovely%20House | The Lovely House | "The Lovely House" is a gothic short story and weird tale by American writer Shirley Jackson, first published in 1950. The story features several overtly gothic elements, including a possibly haunted house, doubling, and the blurring of real and imaginary. It appeared under the title "The Visit" in New World Writing, No. 2, 1952.
The story was later reprinted in Jackson's posthumous collection Come Along With Me in 1968 (published by Viking Press and reprinted by Penguin Classics in 2013) under the title "A Visit." It was also reprinted in the anthology American Gothic Tales, edited by Joyce Carol Oates, in 1996.
American literary critic S.T. Joshi claims that "The Lovely House" exemplifies the "'quiet weird tale' at its pinnacle" in its embodiment of "the manner in which a house can subsume its occupants."
Plot summary
"The Lovely House" consists of three main parts. In part one, the main character Margaret starts her summer vacation with her friend Carla Montague. The Montagues' home is a huge and beautifully decorated house that is set among lavish grounds. The house has many themed rooms; for example, there is a fan room, a painted room, and a room with a tile mosaic on the floor. Every room contains one or more tapestries with a picture of the house on it. In the room with the tiles, there's a mosaic of a girl, with the words "Here is Margaret, who died for love."
In part two, Carla's long-anticipated brother arrives with a friend. Paul, the Captain, Carla, and Margaret pass time in various parts of the grounds. Margaret and Paul often separate from the other two, which seems to disturb Carla. One afternoon when Margaret and Paul are looking at the river, they discuss the tower and Paul tells Margaret that there is an old lady, an Aunt or a Great Aunt or a Great-Great Aunt, that hides away in the tower because she hates the tapestries. Eventually Margaret ascends the tower and meets the old lady, whose name is also Margaret. The encounter goes strangely and Margaret leaves in a hurry.
In part three, the Montagues say farewell to their son by hosting a ball. The old lady shows up at the ball to see and reminisce with Paul. Margaret overhears part of a strange conversation between the two that implies they were young together even though now they appear to be quite different ages. After the ball, the Captain points out the many ways in which the house needs repair. The family immediately become defensive and the meal ends. After breakfast, Margaret and Paul are in the drawing room. Paul becomes defensive about the state of the house, then abruptly takes his leave of Margaret. The family then says goodbye to the Captain. It is at this point in the story that the story makes clear that the Captain is Carla's brother. The story leaves ambiguous what the relationship is between Paul, Margaret, and the elderly Margaret.
Main themes
Familial relations
When Carla's brother, the Captain, comes home, the family seems to the reader to be complete once again.
Psychological ambiguity
Carla is always saying that Margaret is acting odd. Margaret believes that she's interacting with Paul, but Carla apparently can't see or hear Paul, so she sees Margaret as spending time by herself.
Gothic architecture
The tower is old and ruined; this symbolizes Margaret's death and her never-dying love for Paul.
References
Oates, Joyce Carol. American Gothic Tales. New York NY: The Ontario Review, 1996.
http://www.courses.vcu.edu/ENG-jkh/
http://www.classicauthors.net/jackson/
http://frank.mtsu.edu/~saw2z/gothicfictionweb/tradamgothic.htm
1950 short stories
Short stories by Shirley Jackson
Gothic short stories
Weird fiction |
23572464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Honduran%20coup%20d%27%C3%A9tat | 2009 Honduran coup d'état | The 2009 Honduran coup d'état, part of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis, occurred when the Honduran Army on 28 June 2009 followed orders from the Honduran Supreme Court to oust President Manuel Zelaya and send him into exile. Zelaya had attempted to schedule a non-binding poll on holding a referendum on convening a constituent assembly to write a new constitution. Zelaya refused to comply with court orders to cease, and the Honduran Supreme Court issued a secret warrant for his arrest dated 26 June. Two days later, Honduran soldiers stormed the president's house in the middle of the night and detained him, forestalling the poll. Instead of bringing him to trial, the army put him on a military aeroplane and flew him to Costa Rica. Later that day, after the reading of a resignation letter of disputed authenticity, the Honduran Congress voted to remove Zelaya from office, and appointed Head of Congress Roberto Micheletti, his constitutional successor, to replace him and finish his term. It was the first coup to occur in the country since 1978.
International reaction to the 2009 Honduran coup d'état was widespread; the United Nations, the Organization of American States (OAS), and the European Union condemned the removal of Zelaya as a military coup. On 5 July 2009, all member states of the OAS voted by acclamation to suspend Honduras from the organization.
In July 2011, Honduras's Truth Commission concluded that Zelaya broke the law when he disregarded a Supreme Court ruling ordering him to cancel the referendum, but that his removal from office was also illegal and a coup. The Commission found Congress' designation of Roberto Micheletti as interim president had been unconstitutional, and the resulting administration a "de facto regime." Former Guatemalan Vice-president Eduardo Stein chaired the commission and presented its report to the then Honduran President Porfirio Lobo, the head of the Supreme Court, Jorge Rivera Avilez and the Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Jose Miguel Insulza. In November 2021, more than a decade after the coup removed Zelaya from office, his wife - the former Honduran First Lady, Xiomara Castro de Zelaya would be elected as the first female President of Honduras.
Background
President Zelaya was promoting a controversial nonbinding poll on whether to include a referendum in the form of a fourth ballot box in the November elections on convening a constitutional convention to write a new constitution to give future Presidents the option of more terms in office. He had ignored a restraining order in this regard. Some claim his goal in doing so was to extend his term. But as the scheduled balloting would have been simultaneous with the election of his successor, his term would have ended long before any possible constitutional changes.
Executive decrees and their legal consequences
The ballot was scheduled for June 28, 2009. On May 27, 2009, the Administrative Litigation Court annulled the Executive decree PCM-05-2009 that enabled the ballot. In response the Executive accepted the ruling, but issued decree PCM-019-2009, identical to the previous decree, but substituting "consultation" with "public opinion survey". On May 30, the same Court clarified that the scope of the previous ruling covered any decree that attempted to conduct the proposed ballot - howsoever worded or published. This clarification annulled PCM-019-2009 as well.
Zelaya then issued a new executive decree PCM-020-2009 (La Gaceta article number 31945) to replace decrees PCM-05-2009 and PCM-019-2009. The new decree called for a "Public Opinion Survey Convening a Constitutional Assembly" and referred to it as "an official activity of the Government of the Republic of Honduras".
According to a legal analysis by former Supreme Court President Vilma Morales, Zelaya automatically ceased being President of Honduras with the publication of decree PCM-020-2009 and thus no coup d'état existed. However, PCM-027-2009 was never processed by the Honduran courts. This new decree published in La Gaceta 26 June 2009 explained further the purpose, form and objectives of the opinion poll, to be carried out by the National Institute of Statistics. But the courts had already made up their minds about every attempt that had to do with this issue. Zelaya's lawyers were also denied the possibility to participate in the process. PCM-027-2009 was sheltered in article 5 of the "Law of Citizen Participation" and articles 2 and 5 of the Honduran Constitution. Zelaya defined his actions as a non-binding opinion poll, but his political opponents presented his actions as a binding referendum oriented at reforming articles in the Honduran Constitution concerning forms of government and re-election.
Attorney General's office acts
On 27 May 2009, the Administrative Law Tribunal issued an injunction against holding the referendum at the request of the Honduran Attorney General Luis Alberto Rubi. On 16 June the Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the 27 May injunction. On 18 June, the Administrative Law Tribunal ordered Zelaya to comply with the ruling in writing within five days. The Attorney General's office filed a request for arrest and search warrants.
Supreme Court issues arrest and search warrants
On 26 June, the Honduran Supreme Court unanimously found that the Presidency had not complied with 16 June court order. It also found he was answerable to charges for crimes against the form of government, treason to the motherland, abuse of office and usurpation of functions that damaged the administration. It appointed Supreme Court Justice Tomás Arita Valle to try the case.
On 26 June, the Supreme Court issued a sealed (secret) arrest warrant for President Zelaya, signed by Justice Tomás Arita Valle. The interim government confirmed that the Supreme Court of Justice unanimously voted to appoint Tomás Arita Valle to hear the process in its preparatory and intermediate phases; and that he lawfully issued an arrest and raid warrant. The government also states that an investigation was conducted under the auspices of the Honduran Supreme Court that lasted for weeks.
Some Zelaya supporters have sought to cast doubt on the Supreme Court's documentation. Jari Dixon Herrera Hernández, a lawyer with the Attorney General's office, said the order to arrest Zelaya came a day after the coup.
Zelaya's detention and exile
Soldiers stormed the president's residence in Tegucigalpa early in the morning of 28 June, disarming the presidential guard, waking Zelaya and putting him on a plane to Costa Rica. Colonel Bayardo said, "It was a fast operation. It was over in minutes, and there were no injuries, no deaths. We said, 'Sir, we have a judicial order to detain you.' " In Costa Rica, Zelaya told the Latin American channel TeleSUR that he had been awakened by gunshots. Masked soldiers took his cell phone, shoved him into a van and took him to an air force base, where he was put on a plane. He said he did not know that he was being taken to Costa Rica until he landed at the airport in San José.
Within hours, Zelaya spoke to media in San José, calling the events "a coup" and "a kidnapping". He said that soldiers pulled him from his bed and assaulted his guards. Zelaya stated that he would not recognise anyone named as his successor, that he would be meeting with diplomats and that he wanted to finish his term in office.
Television and radio stations broadcast no news. The electrical power, phone lines, and international cable TV were cut or blocked throughout Honduras.
Public transportation was suspended.
Later that day, the Supreme Court issued a statement that it had ordered the army to remove Zelaya from office. The Supreme Court stated "The armed forces, in charge of supporting the constitution, acted to defend the state of law and have been forced to apply legal dispositions against those who have expressed themselves publicly and acted against the dispositions of the basic law". On 30 June, the military's chief lawyer, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza Membreño, showed a detention order, signed 26 June by a Supreme Court judge, which ordered the armed forces to detain the president, identified by his full name of José Manuel Zelaya Rosales, at his home in the Tres Caminos area of the capital. It cited him for treason and abuse of authority, among other charges. Colonel Inestroza later stated that deporting Zelaya did not comply with the court order: "In the moment that we took him out of the country, in the way that he was taken out, there is a crime. Because of the circumstances of the moment this crime occurred, there is going to be a justification and cause for acquittal that will protect us." He said the decision was taken by the military leadership "in order to avoid bloodshed". He said "What was more beneficial, remove this gentleman from Honduras or present him to prosecutors and have a mob assault and burn and destroy and for us to have to shoot?" Colonel Inestroza also commented that Zelaya's allegiance to Hugo Chávez was hard to stomach and "It would be difficult for us, with our training, to have a relationship with a leftist government. That's impossible. I personally would have retired, because my thinking, my principles, would not have allowed me to participate in that."
Ramón Custodio, head of the country's human rights commission, said that the military made an "error" in sending Zelaya into exile rather than holding him for trial. "I didn't know they would take Zelaya out of the country," Custodio said in an interview in the week of 13 August at his Tegucigalpa office. Honduras's Supreme Court agreed to hear a case brought by a group of lawyers and judges arguing that the military broke the law taking Zelaya out of the country. On 17 August 2009, President Micheletti also said that putting Zelaya on a plane to Costa Rica instead of holding him for trial had been a mistake: "It wasn't correct. We have to punish whoever allowed that to happen. The rest was framed within what the constitution requires."
Congress removes Zelaya from office
The National Congress the following morning voted to accept Zelaya's resignation letter, dated 25 June, which Zelaya had denied signing. It studied a special report on Zelaya, and by a show of hands, the National Congress – the majority of whom belonged to Zelaya's own Liberal party – appointed the President of the National Congress Roberto Micheletti, a member of Zelaya's party, to succeed Zelaya. Some felt that the president had changed his politics during his administration, from right to left, which earned him the antipathy of his party.
The Honduran National Congress unanimously agreed to:
Under the Articles 1, 2,3,4, 205, 220, subsections 20, 218, 242, 321, 322, 323 of the Constitution of the Republic,
Disapprove Zelaya's repeated violations of the constitution, laws and court orders.
Remove Zelaya from office.
Name the current President of Congress Roberto Micheletti to complete the constitutional period that ends on 27 January 2010.
Legality of ouster
Many governments, media, and human-rights organisations outside Honduras have termed the ouster a coup. The United Nations, the Organization of American States (OAS), and the European Union condemned the removal of Zelaya as a military coup. On 5 July 2009, the Organization of American States OAS, invoking for the first time Article 21 of the Inter-American Democratic Charter, voted by acclamation of all member states to suspend Honduras from the organisation.
Soon after the coup, U.S. President Barack Obama stated: "We believe that the coup was not legal and that President Zelaya remains the president of Honduras, the democratically elected president there." He stated: "It would be a terrible precedent if we start moving backwards into the era in which we are seeing military coups as a means of political transition, rather than democratic elections." Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, however, equivocated, saying that "We do think that this has evolved into a coup" and noting that under U.S. law, officially declaring a coup would oblige the U.S. to cut off most foreign aid to Honduras." Cutting off aid was seen as a possibility in the days after the coup, and State Department Director of Policy Planning Anne-Marie Slaughter urged Clinton to "take bold action" and to "find that [the] coup was a 'military coup' under U.S. law." Clinton did not do so, and the U.S. never formally declared that a coup had occurred. By November 2009, the U.S. "focused on pushing for elections" in the country. In September 2009, the Board of the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation, headed by Clinton, cut off $11 million in aid to the Honduran government in the wake of the coup, and suspended another $4 million in planned contributions to a road project. From 2009 to mid-2016, however, the U.S. provided about $200 million in military and police aid to Honduras, a controversial decision given the violence in Honduras and the government's human rights violations.
Arguments that Zelaya's removal was illegal have been advanced by several lawyers. The Supreme Court never ruled on any of the charges filed by the public prosecutor on 26 June. The arrest warrant was issued for the purposes of taking a deposition from him. According to Edmundo Orellana, the events were constitutionally irregular for several reasons: because Zelaya was captured by the armed forces, not the national police (Art. 273, 292); and because the Congress, not the courts, judged Zelaya to have broken the law (Arts. 303 and 304). Orellana concluded, "Violations of the Constitution cannot be put right with another violation. The Constitution is defended by subjecting oneself to it. Their violation translates into disregard for the State of Law and infringes on the very essence of the Law. Therefore, a coup d'Etat never has been and should never be the solution to a political conflict." Other civic and business leaders, even those opposed to Zelaya's referendum efforts, agreed that Zelaya was deprived of due process in his ouster.
Still, many people in Honduras, including most of the country's official institutions, claimed that there was a constitutional succession of power. In a statement to a subcommittee of the US House Committee on International Affairs, former Honduran Supreme Court Justice, Foreign Affairs minister, and law professor Guillermo Pérez Cadalso said that all major governmental institutions agreed that Zelaya was violating the law. Supreme Court Justice Rosalinda Cruz said that, as a sovereign and independent nation, Honduras had the right to freely decide to remove a president who was violating Honduran laws. She added: "Unfortunately, our voice hasn't been heard."
She compared Zelaya's tactics, including his dismissal of the armed forces chief for obeying a court order to impound ballots to be used in the vote, with those of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez: "Some say it was not Zelaya but Chávez governing."
There is a small amount of middle ground between those who term the events a coup and those who call them a constitutionally-sound succession of power. On the one hand, several supporters of Zelaya's removal, including Acting Honduran President Roberto Micheletti and the top army lawyer, have admitted that sending Zelaya out of the country was illegal, although they argue it was justified by the need to prevent violence. Micheletti said forcing deposed President Manuel Zelaya to leave the country, instead of arresting him, was a mistake. On the other hand, a fraction of those who oppose the events consider the arrest warrant against Zelaya to be legal, although they say he was denied a fair trial.
According to an opinion of an employee of the US Law Library of Congress which was published September 2009 in Forbes, the military's decision to send Zelaya into exile was illegal, but the judicial and legislative branches applied constitutional and statutory law in accordance with the Honduran legal system. This conclusion was disputed by lawmakers, Honduran constitutional law experts, and government officials, who requested that the LLoC report be retracted.
In 2010 WikiLeaks published a classified cable from 24 July 2009 sent by the US Ambassador in Tegucigalpa, Hugo Llorens, finding that the removal of President Zelaya was a coup.
The Embassy perspective is that there is no doubt that the military, Supreme Court and National Congress conspired on 28 June in what constituted an illegal and unconstitutional coup against the Executive Branch, while accepting that there may be a prima facie case that Zelaya may have committed illegalities and may have even violated the constitution. There is equally no doubt from our perspective that Roberto Micheletti's assumption of power was illegitimate. Nevertheless, it is also evident that the constitution itself may be deficient in terms of providing clear procedures for dealing with alleged illegal acts by the President and resolving conflicts between the branches of government.
Independence of judiciary
A lack of an independent, professional judiciary was a factor in the inability of the Honduran government to process Zelaya through a political or criminal trial. The Honduran judiciary remains deeply politicised, with the highest judicial offices still being distributed between the two main parties. Requiring judges to stand for re-election makes them subject to the policies of their sponsoring party. Eight of the judges were selected by the Liberal Party and seven by the National Party. According to a report by Heather Berkman of the University of California. the politicisation of the justice system, including the Supreme Court, the Ministry of Public Security and the Public Ministry, inhibits the due process of law.
José Tomás Arita Valle, who signed the arrest warrant for Zelaya, had been vice-minister for foreign affairs in the National Party government of President Ricardo Maduro. José Antonio Gutiérrez Navas, in 1998, spoke at the UN General Assembly, representing the Liberal Party government of Carlos Roberto Flores, at a session to commemorate fifty years of human rights. Oscar Fernando Chinchilla Banegas and Gustavo Enrique Bustillo Palma were National Party alternate members of Congress (2002–2006).
The US State Department noted in 2004 that the judiciary and Attorney General's office is subject to corruption and political influence.
Demonstrations surrounding Zelaya's removal
In response to the events, a number of demonstrations were held, some opposing the coup and some supporting it. Some of these are listed below.
On 28 June, hundreds of demonstrators against the coup put up roadblocks in the capital Tegucigalpa.
On 29 June, about 2,000 anti-coup demonstrators spent the day in the city's main square.
On 30 June, demonstrations in favour of Zelaya's removal were held. In an emotional speech, Armeda Lopez said "Chavez ate Venezuela first, then Bolivia, but in Honduras that didn't happen. Here we will not let anyone come to rule us". Signboards included "Enough to illegality", "I love my constitution".
On 1 July, at around 10 in the morning, white-dressed coup supporters emerged in the capital city Tegucigalpa. "Mel out, Mel out!" "Democracy yes, dictatorship no!", "Romeo, friend, the people are with you!" People from the religious sector, women's organisations, politics, and government gave speeches in favour of Zelaya's removal. Jorge Yllescas Olive said "Hondurans have saved our country, justice is on our side and we are demonstrating it to the world". Demonstrators also expressed opposition to Hugo Chávez's threats against Honduras.
On 3 July, around 70,000 people demonstrated in favour of the new government and against Zelaya.
On 30 July, some thousands marched in protest against the coup in El Durazno, Tegucigalpa. They were dispersed violently by police, according to Amnesty International.
On 22 September, some hundreds of anti-coup protesters demonstrating outside the Brazilian embassy, where Zelaya had taken refuge, were dispersed by police.
Government opponents say that the pro-coup demonstrations were staged and/or paid for by the government, giving evidence in some cases. It is claimed that pro-coup demonstrators were bused to the capital Tegucigalpa from all over the country, whereas similar buses with anti-coup demonstrators from the countryside were not allowed to enter the city.
Human rights abuses of the interim government
De facto President Roberto Micheletti ordered a curfew which initially lasted for the 48 hours from Sunday night (28 June) and to Tuesday (30 June) and has continued since then in an arbitrary way. According to Amnesty International and the International Observation Mission for the Human Rights Situation in Honduras, the curfew law was not published in the official journal La Gaceta and was not approved by Congress.
Originally the curfew ran from 9:00 pm to 6:00 am. That curfew was later revised to be in effect from 10 pm to 5 am, was extended twice, ended on 7 July, and was restarted again on 15 July. Amnesty International and the International Observation Mission stated that curfew implementation was arbitrary, with curfew times announced on radio stations, changing randomly each day and between different regions of Honduras. On 1 July, Congress issued an order (decreto ejecutivo N° 011–2009) at the request of Micheletti suspending four constitutional guarantees during the hours the curfew was in effect. The "state of exception" declared on 1 July is equivalent to a state of siege. It suspended civil liberties including freedom of transit and due process, as well as permitting search and seizure without a warrant.
The ambassadors of Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua on 29 June were detained and beaten by Honduran troops before being released. Venezuela's ambassador to the OAS announced before the OAS that those ambassadors and Patricia Rodas, the Zelaya government's Foreign Minister, had been captured. Minutes later, Armando Laguna, the Venezuelan ambassador in Tegucigalpa, reported that he and the other ambassadors had been freed. Laguna said that he and the other diplomats had been seized when they visited Rodas, and that Rodas was forced into a van and had been transferred to an air base. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez stated that the Venezuelan ambassador was assaulted by Honduran soldiers and left by the side of a road.
Allies of Zelaya, among them several government officials, were taken into custody by the military. Foreign Minister Patricia Rodas and the mayor of the city San Pedro Sula, Rodolfo Padilla Sunseri, were detained at military bases. According to a Narconews blog, several congressmen of the Democratic Unification Party (PUD) were arrested and the party's presidential candidate, César Ham, went into hiding.
According to the Venezuelan government's ABN news service, Tomás Andino Mencías, a member of the party, reported that PUD lawmakers were led away by the military when they tried to enter the parliament building for 28 June vote on Zelaya's deposal. A dozen former ministers from the Zelaya government went into hiding, some in foreign embassies, fearing arrest. Local media reported that at least eight ministers besides Rodas had been detained.
Hugo Chávez and Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez separately claimed that Honduran Foreign Minister Patricia Rodas was detained by the military. Rodríguez said that the Cuban, Venezuelan and Nicaraguan ambassadors to Honduras had tried but were unable to protect Rodas from a group of masked soldiers who forcibly took her from their grasp. Rodas was sent to Mexico, which offered her asylum and help to resolve the situation.
Media restrictions
Reuters on 29 June 2009, describing the situation in Honduras as a "media blackout", reported that the military had shut down several TV stations, radio stations, and newspapers' websites. Among the TV stations closed were CNN en Español, TeleSUR, and "a pro-Zelaya channel". Reuters said that "the few television and radio stations still operating on Monday [the 29th] played tropical music or aired soap operas and cooking shows", and "made little reference to the demonstrations or international condemnation of the coup". A government health worker interviewed by Reuters said that the anti-Zelaya newspapers El Heraldo and La Tribuna, and "some television channels controlled by the opposition" were the only ones still broadcasting on the morning of the 29th. The Miami Herald reported that the "crackdown on the media" began before dawn on the 28th. It said that only pro-Micheletti stations were allowed to broadcast and that they carried only news friendly to the new government. On 29 June, four Associated Press personnel were detained and removed from their hotel, but then released.
TeleSUR journalist Adriana Sívori, who was in Tegucigalpa reporting the clashes between the police and protesters, reported that she was arrested by the military under threat and that her passport was seized. Her detention was confirmed by the Associated Press. As soon as the international community learned of the detention, and after the quick intervention of the Venezuelan ambassador in Honduras, the journalist and the staff who accompanied her were released.
According to Diario El Tiempo, there was also some information about the developments that the newspaper Diario El Tiempo had been prohibited to broadcast. Canal 11, located in Colonia de Miramontes, was also prohibited from broadcasting information about the developments. The Cable Color buildings, which also broadcasts programming from CNN and teleSUR, were surrounded by military forces. On 29 June, soldiers shut down Channel 8, a government station which was pro-Zelaya. Channel 36 was raided by soldiers minutes after the coup and remained off the air for a week; the Miami Herald of 1 July quoted owner Esdras López as saying that the building's occupants were detained during the raid. Channel 66 was raided and was off the air for a short time; according to some journalists, however, a Channel 66 program by , a popular radio and TV commentator who is pro-Zelaya, remained off the air for days. Maldonado went into hiding. The Miami Herald noted that Channel 21's signal was briefly interrupted while it was broadcasting a plea against censorship.
As historian Kevin Coleman wrote, "On Monday 29 June, in a replay of the military raids on the Jesuit radio station in El Progreso of the 1960s and 1970s, the Jesuits' progressive radio broadcasts were abruptly pulled off the air at four in the morning. On Sunday evening at 6 pm, just an hour after the coup government's curfew began, a military contingent broke into Radio Progreso's headquarters. With guns pointed, they shouted: "We've come to close down this piece of ****!" One broadcaster locked himself in to keep broadcasting throughout the night. Shortly after, another military convoy stopped outside Radio Progreso. A group of soldiers approached the radio station's guard and asked him if there were any people still working inside. When the guard said no, the soldier in charge told him: "If we find someone inside, you will regret it". And while the coup government, led by Roberto Micheletti, a native of El Progreso, threatened to shut down the station with violence, popular organisations resisting the undemocratic change in their government criticised the station for "watering down" its reporting of the tense and dynamic situation."
According to a press release published on the website of Radio Globo Honduras, which had long sided with Zelaya, a group of 60 soldiers took the radio off the air and the employees, including Alejandro Villatoro, were allegedly threatened and intimidated. The station was allowed to resume transmission, but staff had to follow some rules which they believed limited freedom of expression. The website of the radio was down but was re-established. Alejandro Villatoro said he was arrested and kidnapped by military forces. On or just before 4 August 2009, the National Telecommunications Commission (CONATEL) terminated Radio Globo's transmission frequency rights.
Honduran newspaper La Prensa reported on 30 June that an armed group of Zelaya supporters attacked its main headquarters by throwing stones and other objects at their windows, until police intervened. According to the paper, it was discovered that the group was led by Venezuelan and Nicaraguan nationals.
The Paris-based press freedom group Reporters Without Borders released a statement on 29 June stating that, "The suspension or closure of local and international broadcast media indicates that the coup leaders want to hide what is happening".
Carlos Lauría of the New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists said: "The de facto government clearly used the security forces to restrict the news... Hondurans did not know what was going on. They clearly acted to create an information vacuum to keep people unaware of what was actually happening". However, in an interview published on 9 July 2009 in The Washington Post, Ramón Custodio López, Honduras's human rights ombudsman, said he had received no official complaints from journalists: "This is the first I have heard about an occupation or military raid of a station", he said. "I try to do the best job I can, but there are things that escape my knowledge".
Aftermath
There were demonstrations supporting and opposing Zelaya's removal from power. The Zelaya administration was investigated and prosecuted in the absence of Zelaya. Some organisations reported human rights violations and media restrictions.
Zelaya made two open attempts to return to the country, which were rebuffed; he eventually returned clandestinely and sought asylum in the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa. Negotiations between the coup government and those seeking Zelaya's restitution continued a rocky path; although both sides signed the San José-Tegucigalpa-Guaymuras Accord both had differing interpretations as to the implications for Zelaya's restitution. Some Hondurans hoped to move past the coup through the elections of 29 November 2009.
In June 2019, Zelaya presented in Tegucigalpa a book describing his ouster entitled "El Golpe 28J".
In May 2011, after more than one and a half years in exile in the Dominican Republic, Zelaya was allowed to return to Honduras. Following his return on 28 May, the Organization of American States was to vote on readmitting Honduras to its body.
In July 2011, Honduras's Truth Commission concluded that Zelaya broke the law when he disregarded the Supreme Court ruling ordering him to cancel the referendum, but that his removal from office was illegal and a coup. The designation by Congress of Roberto Micheletti as interim president was ruled by the commission as unconstitutional and his administration as a "de facto regime."
, the coup had weakened democratic institutions such, that along with corruption and police impunity, state security forces persecuted coup opponents, peasants, indigenous protesters and others, and the crime rate increased massively. In this context more than 13,000 Honduran children crossed U.S. borders from October 2013 until May 2014, a 1272% increase compared to 2009.
That same year, Senate Armed Services Committee Chair Carl Levin asked the U.S. Defense Department Office of the Inspector General to investigate charges that the William Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies , the educational arm of U.S. Southern Command located at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C., had actively promoted the coup declared illegal by President Obama but remained unpunished.
Following the coup, trends of decreasing poverty were reversed. The nation saw a poverty increase of 13.2 percent and in extreme poverty of 26.3 percent in just 3 years. Furthermore, unemployment grew between 2008 and 2012 from 6.8 percent to 14.1 percent.
In 2021, Zelaya's wife Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, who ran for president in two previous Honduras elections, would be elected as Honduras' first female President. However, by this point in time, the Zelayas were no longer members of the Liberal Party of Honduras and had since formed a separate party called the Liberty and Refoundation party, or LIBRE.
WikiLeaks documents
On 28 November 2010, the organisation WikiLeaks began releasing 251,287 confidential documents, which detail correspondence between the U.S. State Department and U.S. embassies around the world. Among these is a cable written by U.S. Ambassador Hugo Llorens in late July 2009, which analyzes the legality of the removal of Zelaya under the Honduran constitution. Llorens concluded that although Zelaya might "have committed illegalities and...even violated the constitution", "there is no doubt that the military, Supreme Court and National Congress conspired on June 28 in what constituted an illegal and unconstitutional coup against the Executive Branch". The US Congressional Research Service, a non-partisan congressional committee, however found the interpretation and application of the Honduran constitution that led to the removal of Jose Manuel Zelaya Rosales to be legal. Emails released later show that the 2009 removal was supported by Hillary Clinton's State Department by not recognizing it as coup in order to maintain U.S. aid to the Honduran people. Clinton and her team worked behind the scenes to stall military and economic efforts by neighboring countries through the Organization of American States to restore Manuel Zelaya to office. "The OAS meeting today turned into a non-event — just as we hoped," wrote one senior State Department official, celebrating their success in defusing what they judged would have been a violent or destabilizing restoration. Secretary Clinton had also helped organize elections where she, Latin American leaders and diplomats, in her own words "strategized on a plan to restore order in Honduras and ensure that free and fair elections could be held quickly and legitimately, which would render the question of Zelaya moot".
Public opinion
See also
Grupo Paz y Democracia
References
2009 Honduran constitutional crisis
Military coups in Honduras
Honduras
Coup d'etat
Honduran Coup d'etat
Battles and conflicts without fatalities
June 2009 events in North America |
20466147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer%20Lick%20Nature%20Sanctuary | Deer Lick Nature Sanctuary | Deer Lick Nature Sanctuary is a protected forest and gorge in Cattaraugus County, New York. The preserve is within Zoar Valley near Gowanda, and is managed by The Nature Conservancy.
History
Deer Lick Nature Sanctuary was created by a donation from Miss Evelyn Alverson to The Nature Conservancy in 1960 with a further donation of Deer Lick Falls by Herbert F. Darling. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in November 1967 for its mature hardwood forest and its gorges which highlight the Onondaga Escarpment.
As of 2005, the preserve covered , of which contain old-growth forest. The south fork of the Cattaraugus Creek runs alongside part of the preserve. In 2006 the preserve expanded via grants and purchases. There are of hiking trails open to the public.
See also
List of National Natural Landmarks in New York
References
External links
The Nature Conservancy: Deer Lick Conservation Area
National Natural Landmarks in New York (state)
Nature Conservancy preserves in New York (state)
Nature reserves in New York (state)
Protected areas of Cattaraugus County, New York |
20466151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levente%20Bozsik | Levente Bozsik | Levente Bozsik (born 22 April 1980) is a Hungarian former professional footballer who played for several clubs in Europe as a striker.
Career
Bozsik played for BVSC Budapest in Hungary, 1. FC Union Berlin, SC Fortuna Köln and FC Carl Zeiss Jena in the German Regionalliga and FC KooTeePee in the Finnish Veikkausliiga.
References
1980 births
Living people
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian expatriate footballers
Association football forwards
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Regionalliga players
Veikkausliiga players
Cypriot First Division players
Budapesti VSC footballers
1. FC Union Berlin players
SC Fortuna Köln players
FC Carl Zeiss Jena players
FC KooTeePee players
Anagennisi Deryneia FC players
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Expatriate footballers in Finland
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Footballers from Budapest |
6900669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narjis | Narjis | Narjis () is believed by the Twelvers to have been the mother of their Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi. His birth is said to have been providentially concealed by his father, Hasan al-Askari, out of fear of Abbasid persecution as they sought to eliminate an expected child of the eleventh Imam, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. After the death of his father in 260 AH (873-874 CE), al-Mahdi is believed by the Twelvers to have entered a state of occultation which continues until his rise in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. The origin of Narjis is recorded as the Byzantine empire or Nubia and her tomb is believed to be located in the al-Askari shrine in Samarra, Iraq.
Historical background
Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams.
Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil heavily persecuted the Shia, partly due to a renewed Zaydi opposition. The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors. Instead, al-Askari is known to have mainly communicated with his followers through a network of representatives. Among them was Uthman ibn Sa'id, who is said to have disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman. Tabatabai suggests that these restrictions were placed on al-Askari because the caliphate had come to know about traditions among the Shia elite, predicting that the eleventh Imam would father the eschatological Mahdi.
Death of al-Askari
Al-Askari died in 260 (873-874) without an obvious heir. Immediately after the death of the eleventh Imam, his main representative, Uthman ibn Sa'id, claimed that the Imam had an infant son, named Muhammad, who was kept hidden from the public out of fear of Abbasid persecution, as they sought to eliminate an expected child of al-Askari, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. Uthman also claimed that he had been appointed to represent Muhammad, who is more commonly known as Muhammad al-Mahdi ().
Being the closest associate of al-Askari, Uthman's assertions were largely accepted by other representatives of al-Askari. Those who accepted the imamate of this Muhammad later formed the Twelvers. The other sects created over the succession of al-Askari disappeared within a hundred years.
Occultation
Thus began a period of about seventy years, later termed the Minor Occultation (, 260-329 AH, 874–941 CE), during which it is believed that four successive agents represented Muhammad al-Mahdi, the Hidden Imam. The fourth agent, al-Samarri, is said to have received a letter from Muhammad al-Mahdi shortly before his death in 941 CE. The letter predicted the death of al-Samarri in six days and announced the beginning of the complete occultation, later called the Major Occultation, which continues to this day. The letter, ascribed to Muhammad al-Mahdi, added that the complete occultation would continue until God granted him permission to manifest himself again in a time when the earth would be filled with tyranny.
Name
Muhammad al-Mahdi is said to have been born to Narjis, though some sources give her name differently as Sawsan, Rayhana, Sayqal, and Maryam. The first three are names of flowers. As a slave, those names were likely given to her by her owner, Hakima Khatun, in keeping with the practice of the day, while Sayqal might have been her real name.
Origin
The origin of Narjis is recorded by some sources as the Byzantine empire or Nubia. The earliest account about her origin is given by Ibn Babawayh (), based on a chain of authority leading to Bishr ibn Sulayman al-Nakhkhas. According to this account, Narjis was a slave, bought providentially by an agent of al-Hadi, who had recognized by clairvoyance in her the future mother of al-Mahdi. This and the detailed accounts of Majlesi and Tusi describe Narjis as a captured grand-daughter of the Byzantine emperor and a pious woman who learned about her future union with al-Askari in a dream. These accounts have been described as hagiographic.
Possibly the correct account is the one given by al-Mufid (), who writes that Narjis was a slave, born and raised in the house of Hakima Khatun, daughter of al-Jawad (the ninth Imam) and paternal aunt of al-Askari. Narjis was given in marriage to al-Askari by his father, al-Hadi, when the former was about twenty-two years old.
Birth of Muhammad al-Mahdi
Twelver sources report that the son of al-Askari was born to his wife, Narjis, around 255 (868). He was named Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, the same name and as the Islamic prophet, though he is more commonly known as Muhammad al-Mahdi. His birthdate is given differently, but most sources seem to agree on 15 Sha'ban, which is celebrated by the Shia for this occasion. The differences in these accounts have been attributed to al-Askari's attempts to hide the birth of his son from the Abbasids.
The birth of al-Mahdi is often compared in Twelver sources to the birth of Moses in the Quran, who was miraculously saved from the pharaoh. As a child Imam, al-Mahdi is also often compared in Twelver sources to Jesus, since both are viewed as the proof of God () and both spoke with the authority of an adult while still a child.
The earliest account of his birth is given by Ibn Babawayh on the authority of Hakima Khatun, a close relative who was held in high esteem by the tenth and eleventh Imams. The account describes that the pregnancy of Narjis miraculously had no physical signs, similar to Moses' mother, and that Hakima Khatun was brought in as midwife only when the birth was due. While this and similar accounts are hagiographic in nature, they seem to suggest that the pregnancy of Narjis and birth of his son were deliberately concealed.
The Twelver accounts add that, except for a few trusted associates, the existence of al-Mahdi was kept secret since the Abbasids sought to eliminate the son of al-Askari, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. Hussain writes that the infant must have been sent to Medina, where al-Askari's mother lived. It is also known that al-Askari left his estate to his mother, Hadith. Amir-Moezzi and Hussain suggest that this was another tactic by al-Askari to hide the birth of his son: in Shia jurisprudence (), under certain conditions, the mother is the sole inheritor if the deceased is childless.
After the death of al-Askari
The death of al-Askari in 260 (873-874) followed a brief illness, during which the Abbasid al-Mu'tamid sent his doctors and servants to attend the Imam. Considering that al-Askari did not have an obvious heir, some have suggested that the caliph intended to closely monitor al-Askari from within his residence.
After the death of al-Askari, there are reports that his residence was searched and the women were examined for pregnancy, possibly in the hope of finding his heir. A female servant of al-Askari was held for a while, perhaps due to false rumors of her pregnancy designed to distract the Abbasids in their search.
After the death of al-Askari, Narjis claimed to be pregnant to stop the officers from searching for the newborn, according to Sachedina. She was subsequently held in al-Mu'tamid's palace for observation. Her escape from the palace placed her at the center of disputes between Uthman and his son, on one side, and a brother of al-Askari, on the other side. Before his death, al-Askari left his estate to his mother, Hadith, to the exclusion of his brother, Ja'far, who had earlier unsuccessfully laid claim to the imamate after the death of their father, al-Hadi. Ja'far repeated his claims to the imamate after the death of al-Askari, which found a following this time in the form of the now-extinct Ja'fariyya and Fathiyya sects. Ja'far also contested al-Askari's will and raised the case with the authorities. Al-Askari was apparently childless, and Hadith was thus regarded as the sole inheritor in Shia law. The caliph, however, ruled the inheritance to be divided between Hadith and Ja'far. When Narjis escaped from al-Mu'tamid's palace, the tensions between the two groups heightened to the point that Narjis was given protection by a member of the powerful Shia family Nawbakhti.
Tomb
The tomb of Narjis is located in the al-Askari shrine in Samarra, Iraq. The shrine also houses the tombs of Hasan al-Askari, Ali al-Hadi, and Hakima Khatun. As an important destination for Shia pilgrimage, the shrine was bombed in February 2006 and badly damaged. Another attack was executed on 13 June 2007, which led to the destruction of the two minarets of the shrine. Authorities in Iraq hold al-Qaeda responsible for this attack.
A nearby shrine is said to mark the place where the occultation took place, under which there is a cellar () that hides a well (Bi'r al-Ghayba, ). Into this well, al-Mahdi is said to have disappeared.
In popular culture
Princess of Rome, directed by Hadi Mohamadian, is an animated movie about Narjis, the mother of Muhammad al-Mahdi. Princess of Rome was screened at the thirty-third Fajr International Film Festival in February 2015 in Tehran and received positive reviews.
See also
Ahl al-Bayt
The Twelve Imams
The Fourteen Infallibles
References
Sources
9th-century Byzantine women
9th-century Byzantine people
Shia Muslims
Twelvers
Wives of Shiite Imams
Mahdism |
23572484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auf%20der%20L%C3%BCneburger%20Heide | Auf der Lüneburger Heide | The song Auf der Lüneburger Heide ("On the Lüneburg Heath") was composed in 1912 by Ludwig Rahlfs based on a poem from the collection Der kleine Rosengarten ("The Little Rose Garden") by Hermann Löns.
It is often played at folk festivals in this region of north Germany and is also frequently part of the repertoire of local choral societies.
It gained fame outside the Lüneburg Heath as a result of the 1951 film Grün ist die Heide ("Green is the Heath") with Kurt Reimann as the singer and the 1972 film of the same name in which Roy Black sings the heathland song. Various musicians have publicised their own interpretations of the song, for example the tenor Rudolf Schock on his CD Stimme für Millionen ("Voice for Millions"). The Slovenian industrial band Laibach used the song in 1988 on their cover version of the Beatles album Let It be, where under the title Maggie Mae, instead of the folk song used by the Beatles an unfamiliar version of Auf der Lüneburger Heide (first and third verses) may be heard.
Text and English translation
External links
Link with text and melody
Auf der Lüneburger Heide by Paul Biste.
Information about the poet Hermann Löns
Auf der Lüneburger Heide on YouTube by Heino.
Regional songs
Volkslied
Lüneburg Heath |
23572498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20Chair%20in%20Naval%20History | Research Chair in Naval History | The United States Secretary of the Navy's Research Chair in Naval History was established in 1987 by the then Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy (now known as the Naval History & Heritage Command). This competitive appointment was designed to support, for up to three years, a scholar in researching and writing a major monograph on the history of the U.S. Navy since 1945.
Past holders of this chair include:
1987–1988 Dr. Malcolm "Kip" Muir
1988–1989
1989–1990 Dr. William N. Still, Jr.
1990–1991 Dr. Christopher McKee
1991–1992 Dr. James Recknor
2003 John C. Reilly Jr.
References
External links
Naval History and Heritage Command official website
+
+
Naval History and Heritage Command |
6900671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion.
Early life and career
Goodnight was born to Albert Goodnight and Dorothy Patterson in Salisbury, North Carolina, on January 6, 1943. He lived in Greensboro until he was 12, when his family moved to Wilmington. As a kid he worked at his father's hardware store.
Goodnight's career with computers began with a computer course at North Carolina State University. One summer he got a job writing software programs for the agricultural economics department. Goodnight was a member of the Beta-Beta chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon at NC State, and contributed to the construction of a new fraternity house for the chapter in 2002.
Goodnight received a master's degree in statistics in 1968. He also worked at a company building electronic equipment for the ground stations that communicated with the Apollo space capsules. While working on the Apollo program, Goodnight experienced a work environment with a high turnover rate and this shaped his views on corporate culture. Goodnight returned to North Carolina State University after working on the Apollo project, where he earned a PhD in statistics and was a faculty member from 1972 to 1976.
Career
Goodnight joined another faculty at North Carolina State in a research project to create a general purpose statistical analysis system (SAS) for analyzing agricultural data. The project was operated by a consortium of eight land-grant universities and funded primarily by the USDA. Goodnight along with another faculty member Anthony James Barr became project leaders for the development of the early version of SAS. When the software had 100 customers in 1976, Goodnight and three others from the University left the college to form SAS Institute in an office across the street.
Goodnight remained CEO of SAS Institute for more than 35 years as the company grew from $138,000 its first year in business, to $420 million in 1993 and $2.43 billion by 2010. Under his leadership, the company grew each year. Goodnight became known for creating and defending SAS' corporate culture, often described by the media as "utopian." He rejected acquisition offers and chose against going public to protect the company's work environment. Goodnight has maintained a flat organizational structure with about 27 people who report directly to him and three organizational layers.
HSM Global described Goodnight's leadership style in a framework of three pillars: "help employees do their best work by keeping them intellectually challenged and by removing distractions; Make managers responsible for sparking creativity; eliminate arbitrary distinctions between 'suits' and 'creatives'; Engage customers as creative partners to help deliver superior products."
In 1981, Goodnight was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In 1997, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.
In 2004, he was named a Great American Business Leader by Harvard. That same year he was named one of America's 25 Most Fascinating Entrepreneurs by Inc. Magazine. He has also been a frequent speaker and participant at the World Economic Forum.
In March 2020, Jim Goodnight was awarded a CEO Great Place to Work For All Leadership Award by Great Place to Work.
Personal life
Goodnight met his wife, Ann, while he was a senior at North Carolina State University and she was attending Meredith College. They have been married approximately five decades and have three children. Goodnight's net worth was $7.3 billion, as of February 2022.
Goodnight has an interest in improving the state of education, particularly elementary and secondary education. In 1996, Goodnight and his wife, along with his business partner, John Sall and his wife Ginger, founded an independent prep school Cary Academy. Both of the Goodnights are also involved in the local Cary, NC, community. He owns Prestonwood Country Club and The Umstead Hotel and Spa situated on the edge of the SAS campus.
See also
List of Americans by net worth
List of Tau Kappa Epsilon brothers
Prestonwood Country Club
References
Further reading
External links
Goodnight's official Bio
1943 births
American billionaires
American technology chief executives
American humanitarians
American statisticians
Businesspeople in software
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
North Carolina State University alumni
People from Cary, North Carolina
People from Salisbury, North Carolina
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Activists from North Carolina |
17329097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81st%20Fighter%20Squadron | 81st Fighter Squadron | The 81st Fighter Squadron (81 FS) is a training squadron of the United States Air Force's Air Education and Training Command (AETC), stationed at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. It is a Geographically Separate Unit of the 14th Operations Group, 14th Flying Training Wing at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, and operates the A-29B Super Tucano aircraft conducting close air support training for allied nations. The 81st FS is AETC's only combat mission ready fighter squadron.
History
World War II
The squadron was first activated on 15 January 1942, at Key Field, Mississippi, as the 81st Pursuit Squadron flying the P-40 Warhawk. The squadron was assigned to the 50th Fighter Group to replace the 11th Pursuit Squadron, which had been transferred after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to reinforce the air defenses of Alaska. In May 1942 the 50th Group was assigned to the Fighter Command School of the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics and the 81st became the 81st Fighter Squadron (Special).
Night fighter combat over the skies of England made the Army Air Forces aware of the need for night air defense training and tactics development. The Air Defense Operational Training Unit had been established on 26 March. Later it was renamed the Fighter Command School. The 81st Fighter Squadron became responsible for night fighter training, using Douglas P-70 Havocs. The 81st was assigned the "daunting task" of training sufficient crews to man seventeen night fighter squadrons within twelve months, initially " [w]ith no trained instructor pilots or [radar operator]s, no aircraft, no radar, and no communications equipment" The original night fighter crews were recruited from 27 pilots from the 50th Group who were qualified to fly twin-engine aircraft. They attended transition training school at Williams Field, Arizona before returning to Florida.
In October 1942 the 81st moved to Orlando Army Air Field Florida. By the end of September, the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics Night Fighter Department had been activated and the 81st Fighter Squadron was detached from the 50th Group and placed under the Department for training and operations. In October 1942, the personnel and equipment of the 81st squadron provided the manpower and equipment for the newly formed 348th and 349th Night Fighter Squadrons, and the squadron was remanned.
The 81st helped test procedures and equipment, seeking better ways to manage the huge efforts required to supply troops and maintain aircraft fighting overseas. In 1943 the 81st moved to Cross City Army Air Field, Florida, while the 50th Fighter Group remained headquartered at Orlando. Each of the 50th Fighter Group's detached squadrons (including the 81st) returned to Orlando AAF in January 1944. The squadron continued to train and teach at Orlando AAF while preparing to ship out to England.
In March 1944, the 81st was re-equipped the P-47 Thunderbolt and shipped to England with the 9th Air Force. Between April 1944 and the V-E Day in May 1945, the unit flew hundreds of fighter escort, close air support, and interdiction missions, taking part in the D-Day invasion and operating from numerous advanced landing bases in Europe while covering the US Army's advance. The squadron received two Distinguished Unit Citations for combat, was credited with 30 aerial victories, and produced the 50th Fighter Group's only ace, Major Robert D. Johnston.
The unit was inactivated on 7 November 1945 at La Junta Army Air Field, Colorado.
Reserve operations
It was reactivated at McChord Field, Washington in July 1947, where the 81st tested a number of different aircraft.
European Service
On 1 January 1953 the 81st was established at Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico where it briefly flew the F-51 Mustang before transitioning to the F-86 Sabre in the spring of 1953. In August 1953, the squadron relocated to Hahn Air Base, Germany.
In July 1956, the 81st moved to Toul-Rosières Air Base, France, converting to the F-100 Super Sabre in July 1958. One year later, it returned to Hahn Air Base and in December 1966, re-equipped with the F-4 Phantom II. The squadron took their Phantoms to Zweibrücken Air Base, Germany, in June 1971 to fill the vacancy left by the departure of the Canadian Forces.
In 1973, the 81st moved to the 52d Tactical Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, where it took on the Wild Weasel mission of defense suppression. As NATO's only defense suppression squadron, the 81st received the first 24 F-4G advanced Wild Weasels equipped with the APR-38 Radar Attack and Warning System. In 1984, the 81st FS transitioned to a mixed F-4G and F-4E hunter/killer team, using the AGM-88 HARM and AGM-45 Shrike, as the 52d TFW became the only defense suppression wing in NATO.
The 81st converted its F-4E aircraft to the F-16 Fighting Falcon in January 1988, becoming a member of the only wing in the U.S. Air Force to fly two different aircraft in the same combat element. In June 1988 the squadron upgraded its F-4G with the APR-47. The 81st FS crews flew the F-4G and F-16C in the hunter/killer role until December 1993, when the unit again became an all-F-4G squadron. It served until 31 December 1993, where they racked up 113 radar kills, flew more than 12,000 combat sorties and 25,000 hours over Iraq.
The last F-4G left Spangdahlem Air Base 18 February 1994. The 81st then became an A/OA-10 squadron and replaced the 510th Fighter Squadron at Spangdahlem Air Base. During this period, the squadron continuously deployed to Aviano Air Base, Italy in support of Operation Deny Flight, enforcing a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina. In September 1997, it became the first U.S. Air Forces Europe squadron to participate in Operation Southern Watch, enforcing the United Nations imposed no-fly zone in southern Iraq.
Members of the 81st again deployed to Aviano Air Base in October 1998, supporting NATO air presence during the crisis in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. The 81st FS returned to Aviano Air Base in January 1999 for a regular contingency rotation, but then stayed to support Operation Allied Force. The squadron supported air operations from Aviano Air Base until 11 April 1999, when it moved to Gioia del Colle, Italy. From there, the unit flew more than 1,400 combat missions throughout Operation Allied Force and led the first large force packages in A-10 history. The 81st also led the first two successful combat search and rescue task force missions, which involved coordinating all rescue assets resulting in the rescue of downed F-117 and F-16 pilots.
In September 2000, the 81st deployed 12 aircraft to Southwest Asia for Operation Southern Watch, accumulating more than 700 combat and training sorties. Immediately following the deployment, the 81st FS was additionally tasked to participate in Croatian Phiblex 2000. The squadron generated and deployed their remaining 6 A/OA-10s and 183 people to Split, Croatia, to aid U.S. Marine and U.S. Navy forces in a joint amphibious landing exercise with Croatian military forces and support another real-world contingency.
The squadron deployed several times to Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan to provide close air support to coalition ground forces during Operation Enduring Freedom in June 2003, September 2004, and most recently May 2006. During the 2006 deployment the squadron performed an intensive regimen of combat patrols to find, fix and destroy elusive, guerrilla-type enemy combatants in support of ground forces, flying in excess of 2,000 combat sorties and 7,600 combat hours. The 81st employed over 109,000 rounds of 30mm, dropped 350 guided and conventional bombs, and fired over 325 rockets in support of 260 Coalition force operations. As a direct result of the combat action in the 2006 deployment two pilots in the 81st won the prestigious Mackay Trophy and the Daedalian Exceptional Pilot Awards.
The first A-10C arrived in May 2009, after receiving the Precision Engagement upgrade, which significantly increased the Warthog's already impressive precision and lethality with a digital stores system, integration of advanced targeting pods, hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) functionality and Situational Awareness Data-Link (SADL). The Panthers returned to Afghanistan with the A-10C in May 2010, this time to Kandahar AB in the south. Despite the heat, wind and dust, the 81 FS flew over 9,500 hours on over 2,100 sorties and employed over 70,000 rounds of 30mm, 159 precision weapons and 141 rockets while again providing precision close air support to OEF and ISAF operations.
The 81st has earned the 1991, 1996, and 2006 USAFE Commander's Trophy.
On 18 June 2013, the squadron was inactivated at Spangdahlem Air Base as the last A-10 squadron permanently stationed in Europe.
Light attack training
The squadron was reactivated at Moody Air Force Base on 1 October 2014 as part of the 14th Flying Training Wing flying the A-29 Super Tucano. By December 2014 the initial cadre of pilot and maintenance trainers and three A-29s were in place.
The A-29s, designed for light air support, were be used to support the Afghan training mission at Moody. The final Afghan Air Force class graduated at Moody AFB on 13 November 2020, with the program having produced more than 30 pilots and 70 maintenance technicians across a span of five years.
Unfortunately the entire effort was lost with the collapse of the Afghan state the next year in the 2021 Taliban offensive.
From September 2020 to September 2021, the 81st Fighter Squadron hosted training classes for pilots and ground personnel of the Nigerian Air Force's 407th Air Combat Training Group. The training familiarized the Nigerian airmen with the operation of the A-29 Super Tucano, after the Nigerian government procured 12 A-29s.
From January to June 2022, pilots from the 81st Fighter Squadron were loaned out to Air Combat Command's 23rd Wing and operated two AT-6E Wolverine aircraft, also on loan to the wing. They took part in a collaboration between the USAF and partner forces from Colombia, Nigeria, Thailand, and Tunisia in order to develop procedures for countering "violent extremist organizations".
Lineage
Constituted as the 81st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 6 January 1942
Activated on 15 January 1942
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron (Special) on 28 May 1942
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron (Single Engine) on 21 January 1944
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 28 February 1944
Inactivated on 7 November 1945
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron (All Weather) on 13 May 1947
Activated in the Reserve on 12 July 1947
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron, Jet on 20 June 1949
Redesignated 81st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 March 1950
Ordered to active service on 1 June 1951
Inactivated on 2 June 1951
Redesignated 81st Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 15 November 1952
Activated on 1 January 1953
Redesignated 81st Tactical Fighter Squadron on 8 July 1958
Redesignated 81st Fighter Squadron on 1 October 1991.
Inactivated on 18 June 2013
Activated on 1 October 2014
Assignments
50th Pursuit (later, 50th Fighter) Group, 15 January 1942 – 7 November 1945
454th Bombardment Group, 12 July 1947
50th Fighter (later, 50th Fighter Interceptor) Group, 20 June 1949 – 2 June 1951
50th Fighter-Bomber Group, 1 January 1953
50th Fighter-Bomber (later, 50th Tactical Fighter) Wing, 8 December 1957
86th Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 July 1971
52d Tactical Fighter (later, 52d Fighter) Wing, 15 January 1973
52d Operations Group, 31 March 1992–18 June 2013
14th Operations Group, 1 October 2014–present
Stations
Selfridge Field, Michigan, 15 January 1941
Key Field, Mississippi, 3 October 1941
Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, 22 March 1943
Cross City Army Airfield, Florida, Jun 1943 - 1 Feb 1944
Alachua Army Airfield, Florida, 20 November 1943
Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, 1 February – 13 March 1944
RAF Lymington (AAF-551), England, 5 April 1944
Carentan Airfield (A-10), France, 25 June 1944
Meautis Airfield (A-17), France, 16 August 1944
Orly Airfield (A-47), France, 4 September 1944
Lyon-Bron Airport (Y-6), France, 28 September 1944
Toul/Ochey Airfield (A-96), France, 3 November 1944
Giebelstadt Airfield (Y-90), Germany, 20 April 1945
AAF Station Mannheim/Sandhofen, Germany, 21 May–June 1945
La Junta Army Air Field, Colorado, 4 August – 7 November 1945
McChord Field, Washington, 12 July 1947
Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, 20 June 1949 – 2 June 1951
Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1 January – 22 July 1953
Hahn Air Base, West Germany, 10 August 1953
Toul-Rosières Air Base, France, 10 July 1956
Hahn Air Base, West Germany (1959–1971)
Zweibrücken Air Base, West Germany, 15 June 1971 – 15 January 1973
Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany (later Germany), 15 January 1973 – 18 June 2013
Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 October 2014
Aircraft
P-40 Warhawk (1942–1943)
P-47 Thunderbolt (1943–1945)
F-51 Mustang (1953)
F-86 Sabre (1953–1958)
F-100 Super Sabre (1958–1966)
F-4 Phantom II (1966–1994)
F-16 Fighting Falcon (1987–1990)
A-10 Thunderbolt II (1994–2013)
A-29 Super Tucano (2014–present)
Operations
World War II
Operation Northern Watch
Operation Southern Watch
Operation Deny Flight
Operation Allied Force
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Odyssey Dawn
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
081
081 |
17329103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hpyithpyaw | Hpyithpyaw | Hpyithpyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6900674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravyov | Muravyov | Muravyov (, from meaning ant), or Muravyova (feminine form; ), also transliterated as Muraviev, Muravyev or Murav'ev, is a common Russian last name. It may refer to:
Alexey Muravyov (1900–1941), Soviet army officer
Darya Muravyeva (born 1998), Kazakhstani water polo player
Dimitry Muravyev (born 1979), Kazakhstani road bicycle racer
Irina Muravyova (born 1949), Soviet actress
Konstantin Muraviev (1893–1965), Bulgarian politician
Matvey Muravyev (1784–1836), Russian explorer
Mikhail Muravyov (disambiguation) – several people
Nadezhda Muravyeva (born 1980), Russian handball player
Nikita Muravyov (1795–1843), a member of the Decembrist movement
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1809–1881), a Russian statesman and diplomat
Nikolay Muraviev (1850–1908) Russian statesman
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky (1794–1866), Russian military leader and statesman
Olena Muravyova (1867–1939), Ukrainian opera singer
Vladimir Muravyov (athlete) (born 1959), former Soviet track and field athlete
Vladimir Muravyov (translator) (1939–2001), Russian translator and literary critic
Vyacheslav Muravyev (born 1982), Kazakhstani sprinter
See also
Muraviev Amurski-class cruiser, pair of light cruisers Russian empire ordered in 1912 from a Danzig shipyard, seized in 1914 for the German Kriegsmarine
Muravyov-Apostol (disambiguation), several people
6538 Muraviov, an asteroid
Russian-language surnames |
6900703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010.
History
The Fullerton Fire Department was formally established as a volunteer department on August 10, 1908. The initial apparatus included a hand-drawn hook and ladder truck, a hand-drawn chemical wagon, and some ancillary equipment. In 1913 the voters passed a $5,000 bond issue, which was used to purchase the first piece of motorized apparatus, a 1913 Seagrave triple-combination (ladder, hose, and chemical) engine that was housed in rented quarters in the 200 block of North Spadra (now Harbor Boulevard). The city's first formal fire station was opened in 1926 in the 100 block of West Wilshire Avenue. This building housed the department's apparatus on the ground floor, while the second floor housed the city hall. In 1942, when a new city hall was built, the second floor of the Wilshire Avenue building was converted into sleeping quarters for the firefighters.
A second station was added at Brookhurst and Valencia in 1953 to serve the west side of the city, and a third was added at 700 S. Acacia to serve the east side of the city. By 1961 the department had made the transition from a volunteer department to one staffed by career firefighters. A bond issue passed in the mid-1960s funded the construction of a new fire department headquarters building at 312 E. Commonwealth. At that time the Wilshire Avenue station was leveled. The same bond funded the construction of a fourth station at 3251 N. Harbor Blvd. to serve the north-central part of the city, and a fifth station at 2555 E. Yorba Linda Blvd. to serve the rapidly growing east side of the city, which included the Cal State Fullerton campus.
A sixth station was opened at 1500 North Gilbert on the west side of the city in 1968. In 2004 this station was replaced by a new $3.4 million station that was built for the city by private developers as part of an agreement that allowed the developers to build on property owned by Chevron Land and Development.
On May 3, 2011 Fullerton and the Brea Fire Department from the adjacent city of Brea entered into an agreement to share the command structure of their respective fire departments. Under this agreement both share a fire chief, three division chiefs (operations, fire marshal, and administration), and four battalion chiefs (BC's). Three are shift battalion chiefs, and one is the battalion chief in charge of training. The command structure sharing agreement, will save Fullerton $463,000 annually, and will save Brea $881,000 annually.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
The Fullerton Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residence covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire Department, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach Fire Department, Orange Fire Department and Orange County Fire Authority.
The Fullerton Fire Department also is part of the Orange County 800 MHz Countywide Coordinated Communications System. This system provides radio communications to law enforcement, fire services, public works departments, lifeguard, and marine safety services throughout the county. This system facilitates interoperability between units from different agencies, and makes possible a virtually seamless mutual aid system throughout the county.
Additionally, the Fullerton Fire Department is part of the county-wide automatic mutual aid system, which ensures that the nearest available fire and paramedic units are dispatched to a call regardless of the location. Fire departments throughout the county, including Fullerton, employ the incident command system routinely to coordinate resources during significant events. The automatic mutual aid system is used to dispatch resources from Fullerton and surrounding jurisdictions as needed in the event of a multiple alarm fire or other major emergency within the city. The automatic mutual aid system also is used to dispatch resources to incidents within the city when Fullerton units are unavailable owing to prior assignments, or for incidents occurring near the city limits in cases where the unit(s) from another jurisdiction can respond more quickly.
Stations & Apparatus
The Fullerton Fire Department currently has six fire stations strategically located throughout the city.
Community Emergency Response Team
The Community Emergency Response Team for the city of Fullerton is sponsored by the Fullerton Fire Department. The Fullerton CERT is integrated into the command structure of the fire department. The team has its own volunteer command structure, which reports directly to the fire department battalion chief in charge of training. The team generally sponsors three training academies for the general public each year, which are open to those people over 18 years of age who reside or work in the city. Those persons who complete the training academy, which covers the standard, basic CERT training curriculum provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are eligible to become active members of Fullerton CERT provided that they successfully complete a fingerprint live scan and background check.
In the event of a major emergency that affects the city, Fullerton CERT is activated by the fire chief (or his designee).
References
External links
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Fire Department
Government of Fullerton, California
1908 establishments in California |
17329108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verneda%20%28Barcelona%20Metro%29 | Verneda (Barcelona Metro) | Verneda is a Barcelona Metro station in the Verneda neighbourhood of Sant Adrià de Besòs, a suburb of Barcelona. It's served by L2. It was opened in 1985, although it was part of L4 back then, until a major change in both lines took place in 2002 to ease transportation from Badalona to Barcelona. The platforms are 93 m. long.
Services
See also
List of Barcelona Metro stations
References
External links
TMB.net
Trenscat.com
Transportebcn.es
Barcelona Metro line 2 stations
Barcelona Metro stations located underground
Railway stations in Spain opened in 1985
Railway stations in Barcelonès
Transport in Sant Adrià de Besòs
1985 establishments in Spain |
6900705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygnotos%20%28vase%20painter%29 | Polygnotos (vase painter) | Polygnotos (active approx. 450 - 420 BCE), a Greek vase-painter in Athens, is considered one of the most important vase painters of the red figure style of the high-classical period. He received his training in the workshop of the Niobid Painter and specialized in monumental vases, as in the manner of Polygnotos of Thasos, after whom he probably designated himself. He was the leading vase painter of the Group of Polygnotos which carries his name.
He painted particularly large containers such as stamnoi, kraters, hydria and shoulder amphorae, as well as Nolan amphorae and pelike.
Beside this famous vase painter two further vase painters have the name Polygnotos. They have become known in the scholarly literature as the Lewis Painter and the Nausikaa Painter.
References
Further reading
5th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Ancient Athenians
Year of birth unknown |
6900715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Fulton%2C%20Indiana | Port Fulton, Indiana | Port Fulton was a town located two miles up the river from Louisville, within present-day Jeffersonville, Indiana. At its height it stretched from the Ohio River to modern-day 10th Street, and from Crestview to Jefferson/Main Streets.
Port Fulton was laid out in 1835 by Victor Neff, and named for Robert Fulton, the inventor of steamboats. Its original boundaries were present day Jackson Street (east), Division Street (west), and between Court and Charlestown Streets to the north. It became a magnet for those in the maritime business. Henry French, a steamboat builder, already had a home there. The Howard Family resided there. The shipyards of both French and Howard became Jeffboat.
In April 1853 the city of Jeffersonville attempted to annex Port Fulton, only to be stymied by its residents.
The third-largest Civil War hospital, Jefferson General Hospital, was operated there, formed from the Brighton estate owned by Jesse Bright that was confiscated by Union authorities.
In 1880 the population was 907; in 1900, it was 1,104. However, Port Fulton's population declined to 971 in the 1920 census. This allowed Jeffersonville to finally annex Port Fulton in 1926.
Gallery
References
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Geography of Clark County, Indiana
Former municipalities in Indiana
Populated places established in 1835
1835 establishments in Indiana
1926 disestablishments in Indiana |
6900716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea | Trochlea | Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel.
Related to joints
Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
Trochlea of humerus (part of the elbow hinge joint with the ulna)
Trochlea of femur (forming the knee hinge joint with the patella)
The trochlea tali in the superior surface of the body of talus (part of the ankle hinge joint with the tibia)
Trochlear process of the calcaneus
In quadrupeds, the trochlea of Radius (bone)
The "knuckles" of the tarsometatarsus which articulate with the proximal phalanges in a bird's foot
Related to muscles
It also can refer to structures which serve as a guide for muscles:
Trochlea of superior oblique (see also superior oblique muscle), a mover of the eye which is supplied by the trochlear nerve, or fourth cranial nerve |
17329115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migron%2C%20Mateh%20Binyamin | Migron, Mateh Binyamin | Migron () is an Israeli settlement in the Binyamin Region of the West Bank, located within 2 km of a former outpost by the same name, that was relocated to its present site on 2 September 2012. The outpost was located 14 kilometers north of Jerusalem, it fell under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. It was the largest outpost of its kind, with a population of 300. The council says it was founded in 1999 and re-founded in 2001, on land registered before 1967 by the villagers of Burqa. The Israeli government contributed NIS 4.3 million from the Construction and Housing Ministry to build Migron. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Responding to a petition filed in 2006 by Peace Now, Israel's High Court of Justice ruled on 2 August 2011 that Migron was illegally built on lands belonging to Palestinians and ordered Israel to dismantle the outpost by April 2012. The Israeli government decided not to obey the court order, and instead pursued an agreement with the settlers that gave them time to delay the move until 30 November 2015. However, on 25 March 2012 the High Court reaffirmed its earlier ruling, noting the government had admitted it was built on privately owned Palestinian land, and ordered the IDF to evacuate Migron by 1 August 2012, while making clear that this court ruling is an obligation, not a choice. On 2 September 2012 the evacuation of Migron was complete, after the residents had agreed to relocate to a new site a few hundred meters south of the former location. The site, built by the government in great haste, consists of 50 prefabricated housing units built on state land, and has a status of a government-approved settlement.
Geography
Migron was located 14 kilometers north of Jerusalem in the northern Binyamin, 7.7 km east of the Green line, outside of the Separation Barrier. It fell under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. It was situated on a dominant hilltop over Highway 60, the main road that connects the northern West Bank with the southern areas, between the settlement Ofra and the Shaar Binyamin Industrial Park.
Etymology
Migron is named after the village Migron mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Isaiah 10:28 as a village somewhere on the route between Ai and Mikhmas along which the Assyrian army advanced.
History
According to the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council, Migron was founded in 1999 and re-established in 2001. It was the largest unauthorized settlement in the West Bank, with a population of 300 living in 60 mobile homes. According to the Sasson Report based on testimony from the IDF Brigade Commander, Migron was established in April 2002, a few days before Operation Defensive Shield. A request for a cellular radio tower on the hilltop was granted by Israel Defense Forces although ownership of the land was then still in dispute. Some time later, caravans were placed near the radio tower without authorization, leading to a confrontation between settlers and the IDF. The infrastructure for Migron was financed by the Housing Ministry, headed by Yair Rafaeli, who urged his staff to provide the illegal outpost with massive government support. According to the Sasson Report, government subsidies amounted to four million NIS, despite the lack of statutory planning or a cabinet decision approving the construction. Following the publication of the Sasson report in March 2005, Israeli police investigated the procedure that led to Migron's establishment, with Rafaeli reportedly being the prime suspect in the case. The case was passed to the State Prosecutor's Office in 2007 where, according to Haaretz, "it gathered dust for several years". State Prosecutor Moshe Lador closed the case in January 2012 "due to lack of evidence against some of the suspects, and due to lack of public interest regarding others". In response, Peace Now said "Criminal offenses that were committed in broad daylight were not investigated seriously".
Juridical actions
Land ownership
According to the Israeli government, Israel's Supreme Court, and the Israeli organisation Peace Now, the land Migron sits on is owned by a number of Palestinian families living in the nearby villages of Burqa and Deir Dibwan.
In July 2008, additional questions were raised as to the ownership of some of the land that Migron stands on. Apparently, land was purchased with forged documents. According to a news report, Abd Allatif Hassan Sumarin, who supposedly sold a plot of land to Binyamin Regional Council owned by al-Watan Ltd in 2004, had been dead since 1961. These suspicions were later confirmed by an Associated Press investigation.
At the end of 2008, after the state had failed to evacuate Migron as it had undertaken to do in a petition to the High Court of Justice, some of the land owners filed a claim for damages for the loss of income from their land, hoping to pressure the state to evacuate Migron. After the HCJ verdict ordering Migron's evacuation, this lawsuit was withdrawn, allegedly in order to save costs and time and to prevent any forestalling with regard to the evacuation.
In January 2012, the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court accepted the request that the suit for damages be revoked. The petitioners were ordered to compensate the settlers and the State for court costs. Settlers then attempted to use the withdrawal as an argument for claiming that the Palestinians had failed to provide evidence of their ownership of the land,
an argument the court rejected.
According to Arutz Sheva, by 26 February 2012, not all claims of ownership of the land of Migron have been settled. The state of Israel said that "(..) there will be no civilian presence at the present site of Migron until the claims of ownership of the land are all settled. In addition, it insists that all buildings at the site be razed and says that only if it turns out that the land has no private owner can they be rebuilt." The proposed new settlement will be near the Psagot Winery about two kilometers away from Migron, and defined as part of the existing settlement of Kochav Yaakov, though it does not abut it, and has no road connection to it. According to Nehemia Shtrasler, the agreement worked out with Benny Begin, while stating that the Migron settlers trespassed illegally on Palestinian land, allows them to evade punishment, and receive an expensive government gift in the form of a new settlement to be built for them. He concluded:
"That is to say, the state will compensate offenders who appropriated private lands and established a settlement illegally. That's how crime, punishment and rewards are dealt with by Benny Begin."
Evacuation orders
Ariel Sharon announced that Migron would be dismantled in 2003. On 17 December 2006, the Israeli government, responding to a petition from Peace Now and residents of Burqa and Deir Dibwan, conceded that the establishment of Migron had not received official authorization. On 12 February 2007, the Israeli High Court of Justice ordered the government to submit a report within 60 days on steps that would be taken to remove the outpost. On 1 May 2007, the government told the court that Prime Minister Ehud Olmert had instructed the Defence Ministry to prepare an evacuation plan within the next two months. A 60-day extension was requested. On 8 July 2007, the government requested a further 90-day extension so that the new Minister of Defence, Ehud Barak, could formulate his position on the issue.
On 23 January 2008, the government informed the court that "The Prime Minister and Defense Minister have decided that the outpost Migron, which was constructed on Private Palestinian land, will be evacuated within six months, that is until the beginning of August 2008". In addition the statement also expresses that the Defense Ministry reserves the right to "request from the Supreme Court an extension on this date, if it deems necessary". The promise was accepted by the Supreme Court on 6 February 2008. On 13 August 2008, the government declared that the Yesha Council had agreed to decide within 30 days to which location to transfer the outpost, on 24 November 2008 the government signed an agreement with the settlers to remove the outpost to the settlement of Geva Binyamin. On 26 November, the Supreme Court ordered the government to explain within 45 days why it didn't remove the outpost.
In her summation Supreme Court President Dorit Beinisch criticized the State "Today you are submitting papers full of promises, but without any knowledge of who will actually see this through in 3 years time, your statements have turned into meaningless words. In your statements you have revealed some of your secrets: you explain how the evacuation will be carried out, but you never actually say that it will be carried out". On 2 February 2009 the government responded with the declaration that they intend to construct a new neighbourhood in an existing settlement for the evacuees of the Migron outpost. On 28 June 2009, the government submitted an affidavit to the courts, according to which the Ministry of Defense authorized the construction of a new neighborhood in the existing settlements of Geva Binyamin. The construction would include 50 housing units for the evacuees of Migron and another 1,450 units for new settlers.
Supreme Court ruling
On 2 August 2011, in response to a petition filed by Peace Now along with Palestinians, Israel's Supreme Court issued a ruling ordering the state to dismantle the outpost by April 2012. Supreme Court president Dorit Beinisch wrote: "There is no doubt that according to the law a settlement cannot be built on land privately owned by Palestinians". It is the first time the Supreme Court has ordered the state to dismantle an outpost in the West Bank. The ruling was denounced by several Members of the Knesset, including Tzipi Hotovely (Likud), who called it "hypocritical", and Moshe Feiglin (Likud), who accused the Supreme Court of denying Jewish land rights. The Yesha Council accused the court of applying a double standard and of needlessly inflaming tensions. The Israeli newspaper Haaretz called the ruling "one of the most serious indictments ever filed against Israel's political establishment, legal system and security apparatus".
The Israeli government decided not to obey the court order, and instead pursued an agreement with the settlers that gave them time to delay the move until 30 November 2015. However, on 25 March 2012 the High Court reaffirmed its earlier ruling and ordered the IDF to evacuate Migron by 1 August 2012, while making clear that this court ruling is an obligation, not a choice. Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin (Likud) held out the possibility of legislation which would nullify the court's decision.
On 3 July 2012, the settlers filed another appeal in an attempt to prevent the demolition of Migron. This time, they claimed that the land was recently bought from the Palestinian owner. The owner, however, had died a year earlier. The development firm al-Watan again tried to register the land, citing an apparent false purchase, and appealed to the Jerusalem District Court. In August 2012 the High Court denied the settlers' petition and ordered Migron evacuated by 11 September 2012. Aryeh Eldad, pro-settlement Knesset member, said that he "hoped ultra-nationalists flocked to the outpost to protect it." By 2 September 2012 all of the 47 families in Migron had been evacuated.
Yesh Din petition
In early September 2011, a force of approximately one thousand police officers destroyed three illegal permanent structures in Migron, arresting six youths among the 200 protesting settlers. The three buildings were ordered to be destroyed by the Supreme Court, following a petition issued by the Israeli human rights group Yesh Din. Shortly after the demolition, a mosque in the West Bank village of Qusra, south of Nablus, was set on fire, according to Palestinian sources by Israeli settlers.
Elyakim Levanon, Regional Rabbi of the Samaria Regional Council declared in August 2012 that "Whoever raises a hand on Migron – his hand will be cut off."
References
Religious Israeli settlements
Unauthorized Israeli settlements
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Populated places established in 1999
1999 establishments in the Palestinian territories |
17329120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Htangprai | Htangprai | Htangprai is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20466156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Campeonato%20Ecuatoriano%20de%20F%C3%BAtbol%20Serie%20A | 2009 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A | The 2009 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol de la Serie A was the 51st season of the Serie A, Ecuador's premier football league. The season began on January 31 and ended on December 7. Deportivo Quito successfully defended their title for their fourth overall.
Owing to a change in sponsorship from Pilsener to Credife, the tournament will be called the Copa Credife Serie A for the next three years until 2011.
Format
For 2009, a new format was introduced and approved by Ecuadorian Football Federation. The new tournament was divided into four stages, as opposed to the usual three. All matches were scheduled to be played on Sundays, but some were moved at the clubs' requests.
The First Stage was a double round-robin tournament in which the twelve teams played against each other teams twice: once at home and once away. At the end of the stage, the top-four teams with the most points qualified to the Third Stage; the top three earned bonus points (3, 2, & 1 respectively). The top-two teams also qualified to the 2009 Copa Sudamericana.
In the Second Stage, the teams were divided into two groups of six. Groups were formed by draw, but did not have no more than one team from each provincial organization (the exception being Pichincha). The teams played within their groups in a double round-robin tournament and in a local derby (). The derbies were played on the third and seventh match day of the stage.
Clásicos
Pichincha team 1 vs. Pichincha team 3
Pichincha team 2 vs. Pichincha team 4
Guayas team 1 vs. Guayas team 2
Manabí team 1 vs. Manabí team 2
Tungurahua team 1 vs. Tungurahua team 2
Azuay team vs. Chimborazo team
At the end of this stage, the two-top teams from each group qualified to the Third Stage; the top team in each group earned one bonus point for the Third Stage. The two teams with the fewest points in the First and Second Stage aggregate table were relegated to the Serie B for the next season.
In the Third Stage, the eight qualified teams were placed into two groups of four depending on their position on the aggregate table.
Group 1: 1st, 4th, 5th, 8th
Group 2: 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th
The top two teams from each group will advance to the Fourth Stage.
The Fourth Stage will consist of two head-to-head match-ups: one by the top-finisher of each group in the Third Stage, and the other by the runners-up. The match between the top finishers in the Third Stage will determine the national champion; the other will determine who finished third and fourth. The national champion, runner-up, and third-place finisher will each have a berth in the 2010 Copa Libertadores. The Ecuador 1 berth will go to the national champion, Ecuador 2 will go to the runner-up, and Ecuador 3 to the third-place finisher.
Teams
Twelve teams competed in the 2009 Serie A season, ten of whom remained from the 2008 season. Deportivo Azogues and Universidad Católica were relegated last season to the Serie B after accumulating the fewest points in the First and Second Stage aggregate table. They were replaced by Manta and LDU Portoviejo, the 2008 Serie B winner and runner-up, respectively. This was Manta's second spell and second season in the Serie A, having previously played in the 2003 season. LDU Portoviejo were playing in their 22nd season in the league. Their last appearance was in 2001.
Managerial changes
First stage
The first stage ran from January 31 to July 12. The top-two teams qualified to the 2009 Copa Sudamericana. The top-four teams qualified to the Third Stage.
Standings
Results
Second stage
The Second Stage began on July 19 and ended on October 3. The top-two teams from each group qualified to the Third Stage.
Group 1
Standings
Results
Group 2
Standings
Results
Inter-group clásicos
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=250| Home Team
!width=50| Results
!width=250| Away Team
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico del Astillero
|-
|-
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico Capitalino
|-
|-
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico de las Fuerzas del Orden
|-
|-
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico Manabita
|-
|-
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico Ambateño
|-
|-
|-
!colspan=3| El Clásico del Austro
|-
|-
Source:1. The match was played at Estadio Monumental Banco Pichincha in Guayaquil.Colours: Blue=home team win; Yellow=draw; Red=away team win.
Aggregate table
Third stage
The Third Stage began on October 16 and is scheduled to end on November 22. The winners of each group will advance to the Fourth Stage to contest the national title. Both teams will have earned a berth to the 2010 Copa Libertadores and enter in the Second Stage of the competition (their exact berths will be determined in the Fourth Stage). The group runners-up will also advance to the Fourth Stage to contest the third-place match.
Group 1
Standings
Results
Group 2
Standings
Results
Fourth stage
The Fourth Stage will consists of two playoffs. The legs of the playoffs will be played on November 29 and December 7.
Third-place playoff
The third-place playoff will be contested between the runners-up of each Third Stage group for a berth in the 2010 Copa Libertadores First Stage.
Championship playoff
The championship playoff will be contested between the winners of each Third Stage group for the national title. Both teams will have already earned a berth in the 2010 Copa Libertadores Second Stage, but their exact berth will be determined here.
Top goalscorers
Awards
The awards were selected by the Asociación Ecuatoriana de Radiodifusión.
Best player: Marcelo Elizaga (Emelec)
Best goalkeeper: Marcelo Elizaga (Emelec)
Best defender: Marcelo Fleitas (Emelec)
Best midfielder: Giancarlo Ramos (Deportivo Cuenca)
Best striker: Claudio Bieler (LDU Quito)
Best young player: Joao Rojas (Emelec)
Best manager: Paúl Vélez (Deportivo Cuenca)
Best Ecuadorian playing abroad: Antonio Valencia (Manchester United)
Best referee: Carlos Vera
Statistics
Statistics were compiled by Quito-based newspaper El Comercio.
See also
2009 in Ecuadorian football
2009 Copa Libertadores
2009 Copa Sudamericana
2009 Recopa Sudamericana
References
External links
Official website
2009
Ecu
Football |
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