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44496461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Colima in coastal western Mexico.
The length of the forewings is about 12 mm for males and 12–14 mm for females. The forewings are white with black and dark grey lines and postmedial area. The costa is dark brownish grey and the basal area is white. The hindwings are white. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
Etymology
The species is named for Dr. Vitor Osmar Becker.
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Nash | Adam Nash | Adam Nash may refer to:
Adam Nash (savior sibling)
Adam Nash (executive)
Adam Nash, character in The Country of Marriage |
44496477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Fitz-James%20Stuart%2C%2017th%20Duke%20of%20Hu%C3%A9scar | Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar | Fernando Juan Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís, 17th Duke of Huéscar, GE (born 14 September 1990), is a Spanish aristocrat. He is the current Duke of Huéscar, and heir apparent to the dukedom of Alba and thereby to the headship of the House of Alba.
Life and family
He was born in Madrid and is the elder son of Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (born 2 October 1948), and Matilde de Solís-Beaumont y Martínez-Campos (born in Navarre, Spain, 13 June 1963). On 1 February 2016, he received the title of Duke of Huéscar (the traditional title of the heir to the House of Alba since the 16th century), which title was ceded by his father. He is also a direct descendant of James II of England.
He studied in Madrid at The College for International Studies, where he met his future wife. He married his longtime girlfriend Sofía Palazuelo Barroso, daughter of Fernando Palazuelo and Sofía Barroso, on 6 October 2018 at Liria Palace in a ceremony attended by Queen Sofía of Spain, King Simeon II of Bulgaria and Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria.
On 8 September 2020 they had a daughter, Rosario, born at Hospital de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, in Madrid. She was baptized on 29 May 2021 in the Church of San Román (Seville). She received the names of Rosario Matilde Sofía Cayetana Dolores Teresa.
Ancestry
Fernando’s patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in Ducal Houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that Fernando’s historically accurate House name is Irujo.
Juan Martínez de Irujo
Martín Martínez de Irujo y Tavar, born 1613
Juan Martínez de Irujo y Mearín, born 1648
Francisco Martínez de Irujo y Éspoz, born 1678
Manuel Martínez de Irujo y de Erice, born 1718
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1763–1824
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1803–1855
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 8th Duke of Sotomayor, 1846–1909
Pedro Martínez de Irujo, 9th Duke of Sotomayor, 1882–1957
Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz, 1919–1972
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba, 1948
Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar, 1990
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles
Dukedoms
17th Duke of Huéscar, Grandee of Spain
Styles
1990–2016: The Most Excellent Don Fernando Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís
2016–present: The Most Excellent The Duke of Huéscar
Honours
Arms
References
|-
Living people
1990 births
Nobility from Madrid
Dukes of Huéscar
Fernando
Grandees of Spain |
20465496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk%20This%20Way%20%28album%29 | Walk This Way (album) | Walk This Way is the first and only album released by the White Tie Affair. The album contains the singles "Allow Me to Introduce Myself...Mr. Right" and "Candle (Sick and Tired)". Produced by the collaborative team behind Wired All Wrong (Matt Mahaffey and Jeff Turzo), Walk This Way was recorded at Annetenna Studios in Burbank, California.
Promotion
In February and March, the band went on tour with Secondhand Serenade, Making April and Automatic Loveletter. In July and August, the band went on tour alongside Innerpartysystem, Kill Hannah and the Medic Droid. In October and November, the band went on tour alongside the Higher, Just Surrender and the Morning Of. As well as this they served as the opening act for Lady Gaga's The Fame Ball Tour. Between late June and late August, the band performed on the Warped Tour. The band performed at various Six Flags locations as part of the mtvU VMA Tour. They appeared at The Bamboozle festival in May 2009, and performed on the Warped Tour between June and August 2009.
Singles
Candle (Sick and Tired) is the lead single off the album it has peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. The music video made its debut on No Good TV, an internet TV website. In May 2008, the music video for "Candle (Sick and Tired)" aired on MTV's TRL. The Uncut/Director's Version of the video has reached 400,000 views on YouTube, and was the most watched YouTube video on March 29, 2008.
Allow Me to Introduce Myself... Mr. Right was also released as a single. It also has its own music video.
The Letdown is apparently the next single. In May 2009, a Radio Edit of the song was released to the iTunes Store, Amazon, Rhapsody, and other popular online media services as a single download. It was released to Amazon and Rhapsody on May 12, 2009, however on the iTunes Store it states that it was released on May 26, 2009. It is unknown if a music video for the song will be filmed or released, or if it has been filmed yet. The Letdown has had a considerable amount of praise. When "Walk This Way" was first released to the iTunes Store, "The Letdown" was one of the most popular songs from the album, peaking at number 93 on the iTunes top songs chart. On the popular music site, Last.fm, The Letdown has 46,348+ plays and has 8,165+ listeners, coming in at number 4 for the top songs of The White Tie Affair. It even has more plays and listeners than their most popular song, the second single from the album, Candle (Sick and Tired).
Track listing
Release history
Notes
2008 debut albums
The White Tie Affair albums |
44496485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjesme%20iz%20Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne (Songs from Bosnia) is the debut release by Bosnian folk singer Zehra Deović. It was released 11 December 1962 and re-released with an alternate cover in 1964 through the label Jugoton.
Track listing
Personnel
Instruments
Ismet Alajbegović – accordion
Jovica Petković – accordion
Crew
Jozo Ćetković – photography
References
1962 EPs
Zehra Deović albums
Jugoton EPs |
44496490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armavir%20%28ancient%20city%29 | Armavir (ancient city) | Armavir () (also called Armaouira in antiquity) was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of the Orontid dynasty. It is located 1 km west of the 17th-century village of Armavir.
History
Antiquity
The area of ancient Armavir has been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects and pottery have been found from that period. Armenian accounts held the city to have founded by King Aramais, a grandson of Hayk, around 1980 BC.
During the first half of the 8th century BC, King Argishti I of Urartu built a fortress in the area and named it Argishtikhinili. In 331 BC, when Armenia under the Orontid dynasty asserted its independence from the Achaemenid Empire, Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia. Slabs of clay have been found from the Achaemenid period written in the Elamite language concerning episodes of the Gilgamesh epic. Various inscriptions in Hellenistic Greek carved around the third century BC, have been found, including poetry from Hesiod, lines from Euripides, a list of Macedonian months, and names of Orontid Kings.
According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, Armavir was the first capital of the Kingdom of Armenia (although, from a geographical standpoint, the first capital of Armenia was Van). Movses' history preserves a tradition that when King Valarsace the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 BC), he built a temple there and asked prince aspet (knight) Smbat of the Bagratuni Dynasty to give up his religion and worship idols. But Smbat refused to comply. Movses also relates that when King Tigranes II (whom he places on the throne from 90 to 36 BC), in order to take revenge on Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, sent an expedition to Palestine, he carried a great number of Jews into captivity, and settled them in Armavir and in Vardges. Movses goes on to state that later Jews were transferred from Armavir to Yervandashat, and under King Artashes I, were again transferred into the new capital Artashat. When King Sapor II of Persia invaded Armenia (360–370), he led away from Artashat 30,000 Armenian and 9,000 Jewish families, the latter brought by King Tigranes from Judea, and then completely destroyed the city.
In 591 during the reign of emperor Maurice, Armavir (then called Armaouira) and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon.
During Antiquity, Armavir was taken by the Seleucids, Parthians, Roman Empire, Sassanids and Byzantine Empire before it was taken over by the Arabs in 645.
Medieval Armavir
Arab rule lasted until the first quarter of the ninth century. The Sajids managed this region in the 9th century. After that, the Armenian Bagratuni Dynasty returned this city under Armenian control (Bagratuni Armenia). The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but lost it to the Seljuk Turks in 1064, who renamed the city Sardarabad. This region was changed hands between Armenians, Georgians, Eldiguzids and the Khwarezmid Empire after the Seljuks' decline. The Mongols captured this region in 1239 and founded Ilkhanid state in 1256. This region came under the control of the Chupanids in 1353, the Jalayirids in 1357 and the Kara Koyunlu in 1388. Tamerlane captured this region in 1400. Qara Yusuf retook this region in 1407 from Timurid Empire. However Shah Rukh who was a Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 and in 1429. Jahan Shah who was a Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447.
Ottoman-Persian rule
Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until Uzun Hasan, ruler of Ak Koyunlu, conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until 1501, Ismail I's conquest. Ismail I was founder of Safavid dynasty. This region was temporarily occupied by Ottoman Empire in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 and in 1553. It was then conquered by Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken by the Persian Safavid ruler Abbas I of Persia in 1603. Under the rule of Abbas I, the Armenians of Armavir were resettled in Persia and ancient Armavir was finally abandoned.
The settlement remained abandoned until 1613, when 7 Armenian families rebuilt a new village just 1 km east of the ancient site of Armavir.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1635–1636 and 1724–1736. At the fall of the Safavid Empire, Armavir became part of the Erivan Khanate.
Russian rule
The Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) began due to Persian demand to reconquer the territories lost to Russia between 1804 and 1813. At first, the Persians repulsed the Russians from the South Caucasus in 1826. However, Russian general and commander of the Russian army, Ivan Paskevich, reconquered South Caucasus and extended its territories to include the Erivan Khanate in 1827.
This region formally passed from Persian to Russian sovereignty after the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad uyezd of the Armenian Oblast, which itself became the Erivan Governorate in 1840. This situation lasted until the February Revolution in 1917.
References
Former capitals of Armenia
Populated places established in the 8th century BC
Populated places disestablished in the 17th century
Archaeological sites in Armenia
Forts in Armenia
Buildings and structures in Armavir Province
Armavir Province |
44496500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun () is popular scenic tourist destination with an elevation of 2,100 metres above sea level in Lamjung District. Ghalegaun is also known as Asia’s model tourism village. It lies in kwholasothar rural Municipality of Nepal. The village is situated at approximately 108 km northwest of Kathmandu and 12.5 km northeast of Pokhara, Nepal. The beautiful tourist village is surrounded by Annapurna Circuit. The SAARC Village Tourism Museum is one of the attraction of Ghalegaun which is inaugurated by Bidhya Devi Bhandari in 2017.
The site visitors are increasing day by day and the village is developed as a model touristic destinations in SAARC countries.
Attractions
Cutter
Environmental education
Family travel
Nature cruises
Photography
Singles tour
Senior tours
Religious
Homestay with cultural program
Mountains seen from Ghalegaun
Mount Machhapuchare (6693m)
Mount Annapurna (8091m)
Mount Annapurna II (7939m)
Mount Annapurna IV (7525m)
Mount Lamjung (6932m)
Mount Bouddha (6974m)
Himal Chuli (6747m)
Gallery
References
Populated places in Gandaki Province
Hill stations in Nepal |
20465517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty%20Million%20Letters | Thirty Million Letters | Thirty Million Letters is a 1963 short documentary film directed by James Ritchie and made by British Transport Films. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
References
External links
1963 films
1963 documentary films
1963 short films
1960s short documentary films
British short documentary films
British Transport Films
1960s English-language films
1960s British films |
44496513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati (born 31 October 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Catanzaro.
Career
Born in Empoli, and a youth product of small Tuscan team Sestese, he was scouted by Palermo and signed for the Under-19 youth team in 2012. He successively became third-choice keeper for the first time in the following years.
In 2015 he was loaned out to Serie B club Trapani to get more first-team experience, but ended up playing only three games during the season, as Nícolas became the first choice.
He successively returned to Palermo in 2016 to be the reserve of Josip Posavec for the Serie A club. He made his debut in the Italian top flight on 12 March 2017 in a home match against Roma, lost with the result of 0–3. He successively managed to break into the starting lineup for the last remaining league games, eventually overtaking Posavec as first choice and playing a total eight games throughout the entire season.
On 27 July 2018, Fulignati joined to Serie A team Empoli a 3-years contract.
After only 6-month Fulignati joined to Ascoli until 30 June 2021.
On 31 January 2019, Fulignati joined to SPAL on loan until 30 June 2019.
On 2 September 2019, he joined Perugia on loan until 30 June 2021, with Nicola Leali moved to opposite direction. On 23 February 2021, he signed a new contract with Perugia until 30 June 2024.
On 28 June 2022, Fulignati signed a two-year contract with Catanzaro.
References
External links
Palermocalcio.it
1994 births
People from Empoli
Footballers from Tuscany
Living people
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Palermo F.C. players
Trapani Calcio players
A.C. Cesena players
Empoli F.C. players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
S.P.A.L. players
A.C. Perugia Calcio players
U.S. Catanzaro 1929 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie D players
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Florence |
20465550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20forming | Fire forming | The term fire forming in firearms refers to the process of thermomechanically reshaping a metallic cartridge case to optimally fit a new chamber by firing it within that chamber. This might expand a cartridge to a new size, such as a wildcat cartridge, or just to the chamber of a specific gun.
Fire forming a wildcat differs from the normal manufacturing process; in that it relies on firing a loaded cartridge of differing dimensions than the chamber which it is being fired in. After fire forming, the spent case will take on the new dimensions of the firearm's chamber. Fire forming is the final process in creating a wildcat or an improved cartridge.
There are two methods of fire forming. One method is to cold form a parent case using forming dies, creating some form of headspace, load the case and fire the cold formed cartridge in the chamber of the firearm. This first method is the most common and will create a wildcat cartridge. The second method is to fire form a factory cartridge by using its factory headspace to headspace on. The factory cartridge is then fired in the chamber of the firearm. This second method will create an improved cartridge.
References
Parker O. Ackley, Volume 1 Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders, Plaza Publishing, 1962; 17th printing, 1988.
Ammunition
Wildcat cartridges |
44496518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykaminea%2C%20Larissa | Sykaminea, Larissa | Sykaminea (, ) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the community of Karya of which it was a communal district. The 2011 census recorded 94 inhabitants in the village. The community of Sykaminea covers an area of 47.254 km2.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Sykaminea was 94 people, a decrease of almost 34% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
44496522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hill%20%28surgeon%29 | James Hill (surgeon) | James Hill (30 October 1703 – 18 October 1776) was a Scottish surgeon working in Dumfries who advocated curative excision for cancer rather than the palliative approach adopted by many leading surgeons of the day. By follow-up of his patients over years he demonstrated that his radical approach resulted in better outcomes than those published by contemporaries. His experience in diagnosing and treating intracranial bleeding after head injury by directed trephine resulted in the best results published in the 18th century and represent an important landmark in the management of post-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.
Early life
James Hill was the son of Rev James Hill (1676-1743), minister of the parish church of Kirkpatrick Durham in Kirkcudbrightshire, and his wife Agnes Muirhead (1678-1742), daughter of a Dumfries merchant. James Hill was born in the village of Kirkliston, West Lothian on 30 October 1703. On 17 May 1723 he was apprenticed to the Edinburgh surgeon, physician and philosopher George Young (1692-1757), from whom he learned the value of careful observation and scepticism in medicine. It is known from Hill's later writing that Young was a powerfully influential figure to his young apprentice during the latter's formative professional years.
Hill, like many Edinburgh surgical apprentices attended lectures at Surgeons’ Hall but like the majority of apprentices of the period did not proceed to a surgical diploma or a medical degree in the newly established University of Edinburgh Medical School. During Hill's apprenticeship there was no teaching hospital in Edinburgh. He later wrote "There was no infirmary in Edinburgh when I served my apprenticeship there, so that I never had an opportunity of seeing a cancerous breast extirpated or any other capital operation performed till I performed them myself." The first teaching hospital (the "Little House") opened opposite the head of Robertson's Close on 6 July 1729.
Hill joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon in 1730. At this time naval surgeons were certified for the purpose after an examination by the Court of Examiners of the London Company of Barbers and Surgeons and many naval surgeons of the day had no other formal qualifications.
Surgical practice in Dumfries
In 1732 Hill returned to Dumfries where he set up in surgical practice. On 28 January 1733 he married Anne McCartney, whose father John owned the Blacket (or Blaiket) estate, in the Parish of Urr and it was there that they established the family home. His practice was conducted from his town house in Amisfield's Lodging in the Fleshmarket, in Dumfries. There is no known portrait of James Hill but Murray provides this description: "... his height being about five feet eleven inches. He continued till his death to prefer that fashion of dress that had prevailed in his youth. He wore a full wig ; and used a large staff. He was a man of dignity both of appearance and manners."
Between 1742 and 1775, Hill trained sixteen surgical apprentices. Of these one, Benjamin Bell (1749-1806) was to achieve international fame largely through the success of his best selling textbook A System of Surgery first published in 1783.
Hill’s early writing
Hill a number of articles for the medical journal Medical Essays and Observations which had been launched in 1733 by the Society for the Improvement of Medical Knowledge, which would eventually become the Royal Society of Edinburgh. This was one of the earliest regular medical journals and it provided a vehicle for case reports and other types of article.
Hill's articles give an insight into the range of conditions with which he dealt as a surgeon-apothecary, and his understanding of their causes and treatment. He contributed a case report about a patient who was temporarily ‘cured’ of syphilis by a ‘mercurial suffumigation’. After various therapies including laudanum, tonics, claret and Dr Plummer's pills were unsuccessful, he resorted to mercury, a recognised treatment for syphilis and fumes were thought to be the fastest mode of delivery. The symptoms eventually and she survived for more than a year. This report demonstrates that surgeons in Scotland at this time truly acted as surgeon-apothecaries.
His report on two cases of hydatid disease describes one patient discharging hydatid cysts via a chronic cutaneous fistula from the liver and the other discharging cysts in the sputum. Both recovered without active treatment. Although able to diagnose hydatid disease he thought the condition arose because ‘some people have hydatic constitutions.’
Cases in Surgery
In 1772 Hill published Cases in Surgery a summary of his life's work as a surgeon. Cases deals with the infectious disease sibbens, with cancers and with ‘disorders of the head from external violence’.
Sibbens
Sibbens is now known to be endemic syphilis, a Treponemal infection spread by non-sexual social contact and seen in association with deprivation, especially overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation and malnutrition. Hill's account is written ‘to rectify the mistakes’ in the MD thesis on the topic submitted to the University of Edinburgh on the topic by Adam Freer in 1767. Hill concluded that syphilis and sibbens were the same disease and that sibbens, having been introduced into a family by sexual means, could then be transmitted around the family by close non-sexual contacts, giving his own family as an example of this mode of transmission. His apprentice Benjamin Bell, who was the first to show that syphilis and gonorrhoea were different diseases, also subscribed to this mode of transmission. Hill, like Freer before him and Bell after him, believed that the most successful treatment was mercury, supplemented on occasion by Peruvian bark. Hill was clear that sibbens and what he termed West Indian yaws were distinct diseases.
Subsequent writers credited Hill and his physician colleague and friend Dr Ebenezer Gilchrist (bap1708-1774) with providing the most precise description of the clinical features and natural history of the disease in Scotland. Hill and Gilchrist also appreciated that the condition could be prevented by improving personal hygiene and avoiding contact with sufferers, and both men advocated these and similar preventive measures.
Cancers
Hill's views on cancer treatment were that cancers should be radically excised aiming for cure, an approach in contrast to the mainstream view of leading European surgeons such as Alexander Monro primus, Samuel Sharp (c1709– 1778) and Henri François Le Dran (1685–1770) that cancers should only be minimally excised to relieve symptoms. He was able to review the outcome of surgery in 88 patients, 86 of whom recovered from the procedure and 77 of these enjoyed a normal expectation of life ‘according to the bills of mortality.’ These outcomes were much superior to the documented results of, for example, Alexander Monro primus. The cancers concerned were mainly skin cancers and a few breast cancers and Hill acknowledges the difficulty in dierentiating some cancers from benign lesions in the era before histological examination. He concludes that his results justify his recommendation that tumours, including ‘the most trifling,’ should be ‘cut entirely out.’
Head injuries
It is Hill's chapter entitled ‘Disorders of the head from external violence’ that marks him out as a careful clinician and an innovative surgeon able to achieve remarkable outcomes by the standards of the day.
Hill recorded 18 cases of head injury which he had treated over 40 years. The cause of the injury, the clinical features, his treatment and the outcome in each case are all recorded in detail. Head injuries, he asserts, have been treated in ‘a much more rational manner’ in the previous 15 years as a result of discoveries and ‘valuable publications’ over that period. He describes the rationale for his treatment and how this changed over time as his knowledge and understanding of the problems progressively increased. He gives ‘a historical view of the gradual progress of the improvements made by others as well as by myself.’
His first patient, a five-year-old boy, sustained a depressed frontal fracture associated with an epidural haematoma (EDH). When the fracture was elevated and the haematoma drained by trepanning the skull, the boy ‘immediately recovered his senses’ but after some days the ‘stupor’ returned, indicating that 'some matter was lodged under the meninges’. Hill made a cruciate incision in the meninges to drain the haematoma with beneficial effect. Ganz regarded this as the first ever description of a lucid interval associated with a subdural haematoma.
This case also demonstrates Hill's understanding of the clinical features of cerebral compression: ‘The smallest compression brought on a stupor, a low intermittent pulse, nausea, vomiting and sometimes convulsive twitches.’ From case 3 onwards he avoided dressings which compressed the trepanned area.
In case 3 he again relieved the features of cerebral compression by a trepan with drainage of an EDH. In case 5 drainage of a large EDH resulted in restoration of consciousness and resolution of a right sided weakness. His account of this case also shows that he appreciated the concept that paralysis on one side of the body indicated compression on the opposite side of the brain. This patient, who crucially did not have a fracture, demonstrates Hill's appreciation that it was injury to the brain that caused symptoms rather than the fracture itself. Percival Pott (1714–1788) by contrast would only operate if a fracture were present.
Hill's understanding of concepts of cerebral compression is demonstrated further by his use of the word ‘compression’ and by his recording of cerebral pulsation or tension in all but one of the operations described. Both of his patients who exhibited poor or absent cerebral pulsation had sustained primary cerebral damage and both died. Hill more than any other eighteenth century writer appreciated the importance of cerebral pulsation as an indicator of cerebral health.
Further evidence of his understanding of the need to decompress where possible is shown by his use of the technique of relieving pressure by shaving off cerebral hernias caused by raised intracranial pressure, a technique he learned from the writing of Henri Francois Le Dran (1685–1770).
Hill's outcomes in treating patients with head injury compares favourably with those of his contemporaries with a mortality rate of 25%, much lower than that of le Dran (57%) or Percival Pott (51%). This was the result of Hill's appreciation of the concept of cerebral compression and his better understanding of the indication for and location of the trephine. Hill's work was recognised and was cited by the influential Edinburgh physician John Abercrombie(1780–1844), the Edinburgh surgeon John Bell (1763–1820)) and the London surgeon John Abernethy (1764–1831)
Hill’s legacy
James Hill died on 18 October 1776 and is buried in St Michael's churchyard in Dumfries. He advanced the understanding of the treatment of head injury by showing that epidural and subdural haematoma could be recognised from clinical features and successfully treated by trepan and surgical drainage to relieve compression. He appreciated the importance of cerebral compression and the significance of unilateral limb weakness in lateralising intracranial bleeding and determining on which side to operate. This work represented a significant advance in our understanding of the nature of brain injury following trauma and how it should be treated.
Further reading
References
1703 births
1776 deaths
People from Dumfries
18th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish surgeons
Scottish medical writers
Enlightenment scientists
Royal Navy Medical Service officers |
23572066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Sutherland | Thomas Sutherland | Thomas Sutherland may refer to:
Thomas W. Sutherland (ca. 1817–1859), early settler and attorney in San Diego, California
Thomas Sutherland (banker) (1834–1922), Scottish banker in Hong Kong
Thomas Sutherland (British Army officer) (1888–1946), British Army officer
Thomas Sutherland (academic) (1931–2016), former Dean of Agriculture in Lebanon, kidnapped by Islamic Jihad
Thomas Sutherland (cricketer) (1880–?), English first-class cricketer
Thomas Sutherland (artist) (1785–1838), painter of maritime and naval subjects
See also
Tom Sutherland (disambiguation) |
6900430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuchyn | Tuchyn | Tuchyn (, , , ) is an urban-type settlement in the Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is located in the Rivne Raion (district) in the historic region of Volhynia, approximately 18 km east from the oblast capital, Rivne.
History
The Polish noble family Siemaszko is rooted in Tuchyn. In 1650 the town was owned by the Daniłłowicz family, then later by the Lubomirski's, and finally by the Walewski's from the 18th century to the outbreak of World War II. The Stanisław Lubomirski foundation erected two wooden churches, cerkwie, in the town in 1711 (Paraskewy) and 1730 (Przemienienia Pańskiego). The Walewski's built a classicist Church in 1796.
A Roman Catholic Parish was founded in Tuczyn in 1590, it included many villages of the surrounding region. In 1938 the Catholic parish numbered 2,660 individuals, almost all of them Poles.
There was a significant German population in the Tuczyn region. They began to arrive in large numbers in the 1860s. The vast majority were German Lutherans, initially served from distant Zhitomir Lutheran Parish. The Lutheran Parish of Tuczyn was established there in 1888. At its peak, prior to World War I, the parish served over 25,000 Germans in more than 80 villages in a region much larger than that covered by the Catholic parish - yet no church building was constructed until 1929. The number of Germans dropped dramatically right before World War I, when many migrated to North America. Only some 6000 or so remained during the inter-war years.
Prior to World War II Tuchyn was a major town in the district and had a large population of Jewish (about 3000), Polish and Ukrainian ethnicity, plus the remnants of the once numerous German population.
Second World War
After hearing of the annihilation of the Jewish ghetto in Rivne, the Jewish leaders decided that they would resist the Nazis. On the evening of Wednesday, September 23, 1942, a blockade was mounted against the ghetto of Tuczyn. The leaders of the uprising declared a full alert; the fighting groups took up positions. On the dawn of September 24, German forces and Ukrainian auxiliaries advanced toward the ghetto fences. When the resistance forces gave the signal, the buildings of the ghetto and the German warehouses at its edge were set ablaze. The fighting groups opened fire, broke through the ghetto fence, and urged the population to escape. Under cover of smoke and gunfire, some 2,000 people--about two-thirds of the ghetto population, including women, children, and the elderly--fled into the forest. The flames continued to burn for the rest of that day and part of the next; the gunfire continued as well. Several Germans and Ukrainian auxiliary police were killed. One-third of the ghetto population fell, including almost all the fighters. The uprising ended on Saturday, September 26 when the lead resisters turned themselves into the Germans, unable to withstand the conditions in the nearby forests. The escapees fared very badly. Half of them were captured and murdered within three days. About 300 women, clutching infants, unable to withstand the conditions of the forest, returned to Tuczyn and were shot. Many of the remainder died; others were turned in or murdered by peasants in the vicinity. Some young people joined the partisans and were killed in combat. Of the 3,000 Jews of Tuczyn, only 20 were still alive on January 16, 1944, when the town was liberated.
Notable people
(b. 9 July 1924 in Tuchyn, d. 23 August 2000 in Fürstenfeldbruck), Bishop of Hamburg (1983-1992)
References
External links
Tuchin at Yad Vashem
Tuczyn Lutheran Parish History
Description of events in Tuczyn during World War II
Tuchin at KehilaLinks
1923 Tuczyn Business directory at KehilaLinks
Tuczin-Kripa, Wolyn; In Memory of the Jewish Community
Urban-type settlements in Rivne Raion
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
23572086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20San%20Carlos%20%281813%29 | Battle of San Carlos (1813) | The battle of San Carlos occurred on 15 May 1813, during the War of Chilean Independence.
Background
In May 1813, the Royalist forces, under the command of Juan Francisco Sánchez were retreating to their stronghold of Chillán. The Royalist army's situation during the retreat was desperate; their baggage train had advanced significantly ahead of the main force to avoid being attacked, and the rearguard were almost without supplies. In these circumstances, the patriot commander, Jose Miguel Carrera could potentially have just avoided battle by instead advancing along the left bank of the Ñuble river and have occupied Chillán without a fight. Instead he chose to intercept the Royalist army directly on the outskirts of San Carlos, Chile.
The battle
Carrera placed his infantry in the centre of his force, using his cavalry to flank the enemy positions, avoiding the Royalist artillery. Unfortunately, the patriot infantry appear to have been ordered to mount a sudden bayonet charge; they received a full volley from the Royalist guns, broke formation and fled from the field. Unsupported, the cavalry attacks also dispersed. Juan Mackenna brought up a fresh division later in the day, but could not make much impact on the Royalist infantry. By nightfall, the patriots had dispersed completely, and on the following morning neither Carrera nor Mackenna had any units left to continue the attack.
Aftermath
Carrera's failure to achieve a decisive victory at San Carlos, Chile resulted in the Siege of Chillan later that year; the siege, held in mid-winter, was a disaster both for the patriots and for Carrera personally, ultimately leading to his dismissal from office.
Conflicts in 1813
Battles involving Chile
Battles involving Spain
Battles of the Spanish American wars of independence
Battles of the Chilean War of Independence
Battles of the Patria Vieja Campaign
Battle of San Carlos
May 1813 events
Battle of San Carlos |
6900443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Story%20Untold | A Story Untold | "A Story Untold" is a song, originally written as a doo-wop song by Leroy Griffin, but adapted to the pop music genre in 1955.
The original recording was by Griffin's group, The Nutmegs. The recording peaked at #2 on the R&B chart.
The most popular recording was by The Crew-Cuts. This recording was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 70634. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on June 25, 1955, and spent a total of 7 weeks there. It peaked at #16 on the Best Seller chart.
References
1955 singles
Mercury Records singles
The Crew-Cuts songs
Year of song missing |
6900447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20bullhead%20shark | Zebra bullhead shark | The zebra bullhead shark (Heterodontus zebra) is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae found in the central Indo-Pacific between latitudes 40°N and 20°S, from Japan and Korea to Australia. It is typically found at relatively shallow depths down to , but off Western Australia, it occurs between . It can reach a length of . The reproduction of this bullhead shark is oviparous.
References
Heterodontidae
Fish described in 1831
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
6900456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruceta%20Trophy | Guruceta Trophy | In Spanish football, the Guruceta trophy is awarded by Spanish sports newspaper MARCA to the best referee for each season. It is named in honour of the famous Spanish referee, Emilio Guruceta.
Rules
After every match the MARCA journalist covering the match will evaluate the referees performance with a score out of 3 - 3 being the best and 0 the worst. At the end of the season a coefficient will be calculated between the number of matches refereed and the number of points awarded. The referee with the highest coefficient wins the trophy.
Winners
La Liga
Segunda División
External links
MARCA website
La Liga trophies and awards
Segunda División trophies and awards
Spanish football trophies and awards |
17328563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulating%20retro-reflector | Modulating retro-reflector | A modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system combines an optical retro-reflector and an optical modulator to allow optical communications and sometimes other functions such as programmable signage.
Free space optical communication technology has emerged in recent years as an attractive alternative to the conventional radio frequency (RF) systems. This emergence is due in large part to the increasing maturity of lasers and compact optical systems that enable exploitation of the inherent advantages (over RF) of the much shorter wavelengths characteristic of optical and near-infrared carriers:
Larger bandwidth
Low probability of intercept
Immunity from interference or jamming
Frequency spectrum allocation issue relief
Smaller, lighter, lower power
Technology
An MRR couples or combines an optical retroreflector with a modulator to reflect modulated optical signals directly back to an optical receiver or transceiver, allowing the MRR to function as an optical communications device without emitting its own optical power. This can allow the MRR to communicate optically over long distances without needing substantial on-board power supplies. The function of the retroreflection component is to direct the reflection back to or near to the source of the light. The modulation component changes the intensity of the reflection. The idea applies to optical communication in a broad sense including not only laser-based data communications but also human observers and road signs. A number of technologies have been proposed, investigated, and developed for the modulation component, including actuated micromirrors, frustrated total internal reflection, electro-optic modulators (EOMs), piezo-actuated deflectors, multiple quantum well (MQW) devices, and liquid crystal modulators, though any one of numerous known optical modulation technologies could be used in theory. These approaches have many advantages and disadvantages relative to one another with respect to such features as power use, speed, modulation range, compactness, retroreflection divergence, cost, and many others.
In a typical optical communications arrangement, the MRR with its related electronics is mounted on a convenient platform and connected to a host computer which has the data that are to be transferred. A remotely located optical transmitter/receiver system usually consisting of a laser, telescope, and detector provides an optical signal to the modulating retro-reflector. The incident light from the transmitter system is both modulated by the MRR and reflected directly back toward the transmitter (via the retroreflection property). Figure 1 illustrates the concept.
One modulating retro-reflector at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in the United States uses a semiconductor based MQW shutter capable of modulation rates up to 10 Mbit/s, depending on link characteristics. (See "Modulating Retro-reflector Using Multiple Quantum Well Technology", U.S. Patent No. 6,154,299, awarded November, 2000.)
The optical nature of the technology provides communications that are not susceptible to issues related to electromagnetic frequency allocation. The multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector has the added advantages of being compact, lightweight, and requires very little power. The small-array MRR provides up to an order of magnitude in consumed power savings over an equivalent RF system. However, MQW modulators also have relatively small modulation ranges compared to other technologies.
The concept of a modulating retro-reflector is not new, dating back to the 1940s. Various demonstrations of such devices have been built over the years, though the demonstration of the first MQW MRR in 1993 was notable in achieving significant data rates. However, MRRs are still not widely used, and most research and development in that area is confined to rather exploratory military applications, as free-space optical communications in general tends to be a rather specialized niche technology.
Qualities often considered desirable in MRRs (obviously depending on the application) include a high switching speed, low power consumption, large area, wide field-of-view, and high optical quality. It should also function at certain wavelengths where appropriate laser sources are available, be radiation-tolerant (for non-terrestrial applications), and be rugged. Mechanical shutters and ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) devices, for example, are too slow, heavy, or are not robust enough for many applications. Some modulating retro-reflector systems are desired to operate at data rates of megabits per second (Mbit/s) and higher and over large temperature ranges characteristic of installation out-of-doors and in space.
Multiple Quantum Well Modulators
Semiconductor MQW modulators are one of the few technologies that meet all the requirements need for United States Navy applications, and consequently the Naval Research Laboratory is particularly active in developing and promoting that approach. When used as a shutter, MQW technology offers many advantages: it is robust solid state, operates at low voltages (less than 20 mV) and low power (tens of milliWatts), and is capable of very high switching speeds. MQW modulators have been run at Gbit/s data rates in fiber optic applications.
When a moderate (~15V) voltage is placed across the shutter in reverse bias, the absorption feature changes, shifting to longer wavelengths and dropping in magnitude. Thus, the transmission of the device near this absorption feature changes dramatically, allowing a signal can be encoded in an on-off-keying format onto the carrier interrogation beam.
This modulator consists of 75 periods of InGaAs wells surrounded by AlGaAs barriers. The device is grown on an n-type GaAs wafer and is capped by a p-type contact layer, thus forming a PIN diode. This device is a transmissive modulator designed to work at a wavelength of 980 nm, compatible with many good laser diode sources. These materials have very good performance operating in reflection architectures. Choice of modulator type and configuration architecture is application-dependent.
Once grown, the wafer is fabricated into discrete devices using a multi-step photolithography process consisting of etching and metallization steps. The NRL experimental devices have a 5 mm aperture, though larger devices are possible and are being designed and developed. It is important to point out that while MQW modulators have been used in many applications to date, modulators of such a large size are uncommon and require special fabrication techniques.
MQW modulators are inherently quiet devices, accurately reproducing the applied voltage as a modulated waveform. An important parameter is contrast ratio, defined as Imax/Imin. This parameter affects the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Its magnitude depends on the drive voltage applied to the device and the wavelength of the interrogating laser relative to the exciton peak. The contrast ratio increases as the voltage goes up until a saturation value is reached. Typically, the modulators fabricated at NRL have had contrast ratios between 1.75:1 to 4:1 for applied voltages between 10 V and 25 V, depending on the structure.
There are three important considerations in the manufacture and fabrication of a given device: inherent maximum modulation rate vs. aperture size; electrical power consumption vs. aperture size; and yield.
Inherent Maximum Modulation Rate vs. Aperture Size
The fundamental limit in the switching speed of the modulator is the resistance-capacitance limit. A key tradeoff is area of the modulator vs. area of the clear aperture. If the modulator area is small, the capacitance is small, hence the modulation rate can be faster. However, for longer application ranges on the order of several hundred meters, larger apertures are needed to close the link. For a given modulator, the speed of the shutter scales inversely as the square of the modulator diameter.
Electrical Power Consumption vs. Aperture Size
When the drive voltage waveform is optimized, the electrical power consumption of a MQW modulating retro-reflector varies as:
Dmod4 * V2 B2 Rs
Where Dmod is the diameter of the modulator, V is the voltage applied to the modulator (fixed by the required optical contrast ratio), B is the maximum data rate of the device, and RS is the sheet resistance of the device. Thus a large power penalty may be paid for increasing the diameter of the MQW shutter.
Yield
MQW devices must be operated at high reverse bias fields to achieve good contrast ratios. In perfect quantum well material this is not a problem, but the presence of a defect in the semiconductor crystal can cause the device to break down at voltages below those necessary for operation. Specifically, a defect will cause an electrical short that prevents development of the necessary electrical field across the intrinsic region of the PIN diode. The larger the device the higher the probability of such a defect. Thus, If a defect occurs in the manufacture of a large monolithic device, the whole shutter is lost.
To address these issues, NRL has designed and fabricated segmented devices as well as monolithic modulators. That is, a given modulator might be "pixellated" into several segments, each driven with the same signal. This technique means that speed can be achieved as well as larger apertures. The "pixellization" inherently reduces the sheet resistance of the device, decreasing the resistance-capacitance time and reducing electrical power consumption. For example, a one centimeter monolithic device might require 400 mW to support a one Mbit/s link. A similar nine segmented device would require 45 mW to support the same link with the same overall effective aperture. A transmissive device with nine "pixels" with an overall diameter of 0.5 cm was shown to support over 10 Mbit/s.
This fabrication technique allows for higher speeds, larger apertures, and increased yield. If a single "pixel" is lost due to defects but is one of nine or sixteen, the contrast ratio necessary to provide the requisite signal-to-noise to close a link is still high. There are considerations that make fabrication of a segmented device more complicated, including bond wire management on the device, driving multiple segments, and temperature stabilization.
An additional important characteristic of the modulator is its optical wavefront quality. If the modulator causes aberrations in the beam, the returned optical signal will be attenuated and insufficient light may be present to close the link.
Applications
Ground-to-Air Communications
Ground-to-Satellite Communications
Internal Electronics Bus Interaction/Communication
Inter, Intra-Office Communications
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications
Industrial Manufacturing
See also
Free space optical communications
Optical Communications
Retro-reflector
References
Optical communications
Optical devices |
6900464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20%28Israel%29 | Tara (Israel) | Tara () is an agricultural cooperative (co-op) in Israel specializing in milk and dairy products. It is the leading private dairy producer in Israel and the second largest dairy processor after Tnuva.
Tara was created in 1942 by dairy farmers from the Tel Aviv neighbourhood of Nahalat Yitzhak and the surrounding area, in order to unite under one organization that would represent them with regard to the British mandatory authorities and concentrated purchasing of fodder rations as well as selling the agricultural produce. The name apparently was decided by the British clerk when the co-op representative came to register the firm did not have a name. A warehouse for fodder as well as a refrigeration room to keep milk on the Shabbat was built on a half-dunam (500 m²) plot of land. The increase in productivity as well as quantities of milk provided a surplus that led the co-op to begin producing cream and cheeses.
With the establishment of the State of Israel, a dairy department was created in the new Ministry of Agriculture, and with it new regulations with regard to production including required pasteurization, a standard 3.5% level of fat, and that dairy farmers work from concentrated areas and independently. This led to more dairy farmers to join from Giv'atayim, Jaffa, and Petah Tikva as well as production expanding to hard cheeses.
At the beginning of the 1960s, during the period that Moshe Dayan was Minister of Agriculture, the government decided to change the zoning of the Nahalat Yitzhak neighbourhood from agricultural to urban-industrial. Subsequently, the local farmers were forced to move their enterprises elsewhere. The elimination of its main source of milk required Tara to purchase milk from new farmers as well as Tnuva.
Until the late 1990s, Tara was still run by representatives of the original owners. In 1997, it was decided to hire 'professional' management. In 2004, the Central Bottling Company Ltd., the local licensee of Coca-Cola, purchased the company for $39 million.
In 2006, Tara signed a licensing and know-how deal with Müller of a European dairy product manufacturer based in Germany.
As of 2006, Tara employs over 360 workers and produces about 135 million liters of milk yearly, which is about 450,000 liters of milk daily on average, with a market share of 10-13%. Estimated revenues in 2005 were 500 million NIS, with a loss of about $10 million.
In August 2007, the Gilead Dairy owned by Tara, acquired Tzuriel Farm for under NIS 20 million. The 'Tzuriel Farm' dairy, specializing in hard-cheese, goat-cheeses, and other semi-firm cheeses was established in 1986 and since 1999 has operated a unique line of soy-based products.
References
External links
Official web site
Dairy products companies of Israel
Israeli brands |
17328574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadath%20El%20Jebbeh | Hadath El Jebbeh | Hadath el Jebbeh (, also known as Hadad, and known locally as Hadid (حَدِد)), is a town located in Bsharri District in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It was originally settled in 400 A.D., and is situated on a hill at an altitude of 1500 meters, overlooking the Kadisha valley.
Hadath el Jebbeh is a summer resort and touristic place, benefiting from its welcoming and friendly local families. The inhabitants of the village are mostly Maronites, with the presence of two churches in town, the historical St. Daniel church which was built around 1110 CE, and Notre-Dame church built in 1956. At the end of summer, Hadath el Jebbeh celebrates St. Daniel Festival, which takes place every second Sunday of September of each year.
Location, climate and nature
Hadath el Jebbeh is located in Bsharri District, overlooking Qannoubine Valley. The village is 94 km away from Lebanese Capital, Beirut, and 36 km away from Tripoli, the largest city in North Lebanon.
Hadath el Jebbeh is well known by its cold (sometimes freezing) snowy weather during winter, and its cool weather during summer, which makes it lovely to visit anytime throughout the year, especially in the summer season, where numerous Lebanese consider it one of the best summer residences in Lebanon.
Etymology
Hadath is the name of three localities in Lebanon. To differentiate between the localities, the name of the region is added, Hadath Beirut, Hadath Baalbeck and finally Hadath el Joubbeh. Other localities by this name exist in the Middle East.
The Semitic root of Hadath means "the new", hence the name could mean "the new town".
The common pronunciation of the name is Hadad or Hadid. It gives an indication to a probable different meaning. Hadad was the northwest Semitic storm and rain god and the town could have had a temple dedicated to this god. And the popular tradition claims that the church dedicated to the saint patron of Hadath, Saint Daniel, was built on the remnants of a pagan temple.
Jebbeh is the traditional name of the Kadisha region, called also Jebbet Bsharri in reference to Bsharri the largest town of this region. The Semitic root Gb means "well", "deep" and could be a reference to the deep gorges of the Kadisha. In Lebanon, other Jebbeh exist like Jebbet Mnaytra and Jebbet Yanuh.
See also
Maronite mummies
References
External links
Hadath Ej Joubbeh, Localiban
www.hadatheljebbeh.com
www.hadath.com Last retrieved on May 8, 2008.
Populated places in the North Governorate
Bsharri District
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon |
17328580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trox%20gemmulatus | Trox gemmulatus | Trox gemmulatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae.
References
gemmulatus
Beetles described in 1874
Taxa named by George Henry Horn |
6900467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers%20Access%20Campaign | Rivers Access Campaign | The Rivers Access Campaign is an ongoing initiative by the British Canoe Union (BCU) to open up the inland waterways of England and Wales to the public. Under current English and Welsh law, public access to rivers is restricted, and only 2% of all rivers in England and Wales have public access rights.
Current access situation
There are of inland river and canal in England and Wales with navigation rights, and over of inland rivers with no access.
England and Wales are unusual in the level of restriction upon their waterways and are considered two of the most difficult places in the world to gain access to rivers. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 grants a "Right to Roam" specifically to areas of open land comprising:
mountain (land over 600 metres)
moorland
heathland
downland
registered common land
In England and Wales there is no blanket right of access to non-agricultural land, unlike Scotland, where the Scottish Parliament passed the 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act granting access for both land and inland waterways to the public.
The UK government has encouraged canoeists to seek negotiations and create access agreements for privately owned water with land owners throughout England and Wales. For over 50 years both the BCU and WCA have been working to seek these agreements for access, which has resulted in , a total 4% of all privately owned linear waterways in England and Wales being opened up with some form of public access agreement.
The Welsh Canoeing Association estimate that there are around 300 rivers in Wales suitable for kayaking, only 13 of which have any form of legal access agreement.
Most of these agreements permit access only on certain days of the year or for short sections of the river. The government has decided to pursue further agreements in 4 study areas, over a 2-year trial period. However, there is no guarantee that this trial will grant further access, with recent government studies showing that access agreements are unlikely to be able to provide the necessary resources needed for water sports.
The law
Legally the water itself is not owned, but ownership of the lands include stream bed ownership. Under common law, the presence of water does not provide a right to use the space occupied by, or immediately above the water. This is a civil offence , and may incur a fine or possibly a court injunction to prevent further trespassing. This applies to any member of the public, be they canoeists, rowers, swimmers, or anglers.
It has been suggested that a "common-law" right of navigation exists on any navigable water in England and Wales: however, this has been refuted by legal experts.
The only arrestable offence is aggravated trespass, under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, where a criminal offence is committed whilst trespassing. There must also be intent to disrupt or intimidate those engaged in lawful activities.
References
External links
British Canoe Union website
Welsh Canoeing Association website
River Access for All
Canoeing in the United Kingdom
Freedom to roam |
20465595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untold%20Truths | Untold Truths | Untold Truths is the debut country album from actor-turned-singer Kevin Costner & Modern West. The album was released on November 11, 2008 (see 2008 in country music) on Universal South Records. The album reached #61 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums, and #35 on the U.S. Top Heatseekers charts.
Three singles, "Superman 14", "Long Hot Night", and "Backyard" have been released to radio, although none of the songs entered the Hot Country Songs charts.
Track listing
Chart performance
Album
Singles
References
2008 debut albums
Kevin Costner albums
Show Dog-Universal Music albums |
6900474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20City%20Fire%20Department | Orange City Fire Department | The Orange Fire Department (OFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the city of Orange, California. The department is responsible for a population of approximately 140,000 people spread across . Along with their standard firefighting apparatus, the department also has a Swiftwater rescue team that is available for deployment anywhere in Orange County.
History
The Orange Fire Department came into existence on December 14, 1905 at a meeting between the city's Fire and Water Committees. Twenty-nine men signed up to join the all volunteer fire department. New volunteers were required to purchase shares of the "Company" for $100. The volunteers were paid 50 cents a call if they didn't have to use water, $1 if they did and were also paid $1 per false alarm. Early on, there were often fights between the volunteers when an alarm went off, as they battled to see which would be the ones to pull the ladder wagon or hose cart to the fire, thus earning the pay for the call.
In 1906, the volunteers repurposed an 1874 building that had been moved rearward off Glassell Street in 1905, during construction of the Edwards Block Building. That old building would serve as the volunteers first fire hall from 1906 to 1910 and was located in the northeast corner of Plaza Square. The little fire hall had a 30-foot tower with a fire bell adjacent to the building to sound fire alarms. The original apparatus was a hand-drawn hook and ladder wagon and two-hand drawn carts. In July 1910 the volunteers moved to their first purpose-built fire station at 122 south Olive Street. The total cost of the new fire station was $465, including lumber, plumbing, fixtures and nails. It wasn't until 1912 that the department acquired its first motor-driven equipment, a Seagrave fire truck and chemical engine.. The first paid firefighter, William Vickers, was hired by the Department in 1914 and he lived upstairs at the fire hall for an $8-a-month rent. This Fire Hall acted as OFD's headquarters until March 1935, when the department moved into another facility across the street on Olive. Incidentally, that 1935 facility eventually burned down.
An American LaFrance fire truck capable of pumping 1,000 gallons a minute was purchased for $13,000 in 1921, making the Orange Fire Department the first firefighting agency in Orange County to purchase and utilize a motorized fire engine.
By 1966 the department had fully transitioned from a volunteer department, to full-time career.
In 1973, the department became one of the first in Orange County to provide paramedic rescue service.
On October 6, 2022, the Grand Opening of the department's latest headquarters was held at 1176 East Chapman Avenue. The structure sits on a 1.5 acre, city-owned site on East Chapman Avenue at Water Street. The new building replaces a 50-year-old fire headquarters at 176 south Grand Street. The new facility provides for increased administrative and training space, as well as increased room for fire apparatus. The total cost of the project, including design, construction, and outfitting, is estimated at 24.9 million USD$.
Stations and apparatus
The department has 8 stations spread across the city. There are 2 Engine Companies at Stations 1 and 7.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
The Orange City Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residents covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire & Rescue, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Fullerton Fire Department, Huntington Beach Fire Department, and Newport Beach Fire Department.
References
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Ambulance services in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California
1905 establishments in California |
17328594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Vincenzi | Guido Vincenzi | Guido Vincenzi (; 14 July 1932 – 14 August 1997) was an Italian footballer and manager, who played as a defender.
Playing career
Vincenzi began his career with Reggiana in 1950. Just after reaching twenty-one years of age he left the club, which was in Serie C at the time, and made his way to Inter, who had just been crowned the Italian champions in 1953. At Inter he quickly became a starter, and in three months, he made his Serie A debut. After just 13 games with the club, he earned his first cap for the national team in a 4–1 friendly win against France in 1954, putting on an impeccable performance in his 'Azzurri' debut in Paris. His other outings with the national team were less fortunate however. His second game was a loss to Switzerland at the 1950 World Cup (of the 17 players that saw action he was the youngest) and his third cap was a loss in Belfast preventing qualification for the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. After having won a Serie A championship with Inter, he moved to Sampdoria in 1958, obtaining 297 appearances in 11 seasons, and becoming the fifth leading player for the 'blucerchiati' in this category, behind only Roberto Mancini, Pietro Vierchowod, Moreno Mannini, and Gaudenzio Bernasconi.
Coaching career
After his playing career, Vincenzi tried coaching Sampdoria in the 1973–74 season, finishing 13th in the league and successfully remaining in Serie A.
Death
Vincenzi died of a rare form of muscular dystrophy in 1997.
References
La Gazzetta dello Sport
1932 births
1997 deaths
Italian footballers
Association football midfielders
A.C. Reggiana 1919 players
U.C. Sampdoria players
Inter Milan players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Italy international footballers
1954 FIFA World Cup players
Italian football managers
U.C. Sampdoria managers
Genoa C.F.C. managers
Association football defenders
People from Quistello
Deaths from muscular dystrophy
Sportspeople from the Province of Mantua
Footballers from Lombardy |
20465601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20Live%20Again%20%28film%29 | To Live Again (film) | To Live Again is a 1963 short documentary film produced by Mel London. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
List of American films of 1963
References
External links
1963 films
1963 documentary films
1963 short films
American short documentary films
1960s short documentary films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films |
20465613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20Live%20Again | To Live Again | To Live Again can refer to:
To Live Again (album), by Tarot, 2004
To Live Again (film), a 1963 short documentary film
To Live Again (1998 film), a TV film starring Bonnie Bedelia, Annabeth Gish, and Timothy Carhart
To Live Again (novel), a 1969 science fiction novel by Robert Silverberg
To Live Again , a 2001 novel by Lurlene McDaniel
See also
To Love Again (disambiguation)
"Learning to Live Again", a song |
6900492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBL%20Pipeline | BBL Pipeline | The BBL Pipeline (Balgzand Bacton Line, BBL) is a natural gas interconnector between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
History
Laying the pipeline between the compressor station at the Balgzand Gas Plant at Grasweg in Anna Paulowna (province of North Holland) and Bacton Gas Terminal started on 14 July 2006. The pipeline became operational on 1 December 2006.
Technical description
The overall length of pipeline is of which around is offshore. The pipeline's diameter is and working pressure is . The initial capacity is 16 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year, which will be increased to 19.2 bcm by the end of 2010 by installing a fourth compressor at the compressor station at Anna Paulowna. The pipeline has a regulatory exemption from the two-ways gas flow until October 2018. Until this, the direction of gas flow is from the Netherlands to the UK. The overall cost of the project was around €500 million.
Operating company
The BBL was developed and operated by the BBL Company. The main shareholder of the company is Gasunie with 60% of the shares, and Uniper (through Uniper Ruhrgas BBL B.V.) and Fluxys both own 20%. Russian Gazprom had an option for 9%, in exchange for a 9% share of Nord Stream AG. The BBL Pipeline would allow Gazprom to supply additional gas to the British market through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline.
See also
Interconnector (North Sea)
References
External links
BBL Company website
Energy infrastructure completed in 2006
Natural gas pipelines in the Netherlands
Natural gas pipelines in the United Kingdom
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
North Sea energy
Pipelines under the North Sea
Uniper
2006 establishments in England
2006 establishments in the Netherlands |
20465647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice%20Dancer | Nice Dancer | Nice Dancer (1969–1997) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse.
Background
He was from the last Canadian-sired crop of Northern Dancer before the International champion sire was relocated to Windfields Farm American subsidiary in Maryland.
Owned by Tom Morton and Dick Bonnycastle's Harlequin Ranches, Nice Dancer was trained by Jerry Lavigne.
Racing career
In his three-year-old season, the colt was ridden primarily by future Canadian and U.S. Hall of Fame jockey, Sandy Hawley. In addition to important stakes races including the Manitoba Derby at Assiniboia Downs in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Nice Dancer set a new Woodbine track record for a mile and three sixteenths in winning the inaugural running of the Col. R. S. McLaughlin Handicap. He won the third leg of the 1972 Canadian Triple Crown series, the Breeders' Stakes, a race run on turf at a distance of 1½ miles (12 furlongs). In the pre Sovereign Award era, Nice Dancer is historically viewed as the Canadian Champion 3-Year-Old Male Horse of 1972.
At age four, Nice Dancer won the Dominion Day Handicap and the Canadian Maturity Stakes before being retired to stud duty.
Stud record
He stood in Canada from 1974 to 1978 during which time he sired seventy-six foals out of which nine became stakes winners. His most notable offspring was Fiddle Dancer Boy, winner of the 1981 Queen's Plate. Sent to a breeding farm in Japan, Nice Dancer sired nine more stakes winners before his death at age twenty-eight in 1997. He is the damsire of Glide Path, winner of the 1995 Stockholm Cup International, Sweden's most important race.
Pedigree
References
Nice Dancer's pedigree and partial racing stats
1969 racehorse births
1997 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Canada
Racehorses trained in Canada
Horse racing track record setters
Canadian Champion racehorses
Thoroughbred family 1-e |
6900512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene%20Croce | Arlene Croce | Arlene Louise Croce (born May 5, 1934) founded Ballet Review magazine in 1965. She was a dance critic for The New Yorker magazine from 1973 to 1998.
Career
Prior to Croce’s long career as a dance writer, she also wrote film criticism for Film Culture and other magazines. The keynote of her criticism can be grasped from her ability to evoke kinesthetic movement and expressive images in her writing. Although she considers ballet to epitomize the highest form of dance, she has also written extensively on the topic of popular and filmed dance, and is a recognized authority on the Astaire and Rogers musical films.
In 1994, she courted controversy with her stance on Bill T. Jones's Still/Here, a work about terminal illness. In an article called "Discussing the Undiscussable," she dubbed the work "victim art" and refused to attend any performances, claiming that it was "unreviewable." The article was reprinted in her 2000 book, Writing in the Dark.
Her writings on dance are available in several books, and a sampling of her film criticism can be found in the anthology American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now. A review of her The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book can be found in Pauline Kael's collection of movie reviews, Reeling.
Bibliography
Incomplete - to be updated
Books
The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book (1972)
Afterimages (1978)
Going to the Dance (1982)
Sight Lines (1987)
Writing in the Dark, Dancing in 'The New Yorker''' (2000)American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now (2006), edited by Phillip Lopate — contains her reviews on the films Pather Panchali and Aparajito as well as a selection from The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book.
Articles
Gail Conrad and The Tap Dance Theatre; American Ballet Theatre's performance of Field, Chair and Mountain by David Gordon.
About Arlene Croce (in Spanish). La crítica en la danza. "Discussing the indiscussable". By Patricia Roldán
The Dance Criticism of Arlene Croce'' (2005) by Marc Raymond Strauss, McFarland & Co,
References
External links
1934 births
Living people
American dance critics
The New Yorker people
Dance writers
American women journalists
American women critics
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women
21st-century American women |
17328605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyalintsi | Lyalintsi | Lyalintsi () is a village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 65 km from the capital city of Sofia. The village was first mentioned in 1446 as Lelintsi and in 1455 as Lyalintsi. It is derived from the personal name Lyalya, "aunt", the nickname lyalya or lala, itself from Proto-Slavic *l'al'a, "babbler, fool" or from the personal name Lyala, an affectionate form of Vlado (Vladimir, Vladislav).
References
Villages in Pernik Province |
6900520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendragon%20Records | Pendragon Records | Pendragon Records was a short-lived American industrial and electronic music record label that was founded in 1997 by Irish expatriate Colm O'Connor. The label was based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pendragon released a total of 25 albums from artists based in the United States, Canada, and Germany. Notable bands signed to Pendragon included Haujobb, Gridlock, Velvet Acid Christ, and Xorcist.
Its first release, PEN100, was Haujobb's Homes and Gardens. The label was bought out by Metropolis Records in 1999 shortly after it released Halo_Gen's self-titled album as PEN125. When Metropolis Records bought Pendragon, they continued to sell Pendragon's backstock. Some of the bands that had been signed to Pendragon, such as Haujobb and Imperative Reaction, continued to release music on Metropolis Records. Others, such as Gridlock, moved to other labels after the acquisition.
Bands on Pendragon Records
Fektion Fekler
Fracture
Gridlock
Halo_Gen
Haujobb
Imperative Reaction
Individual Totem
Kalte Farben
La Floa Maldita
Neutronic
THD
Velvet Acid Christ
Wave Workers Foundation
Xorcist
See also
Metropolis Records
List of record labels
External links
Discogs label summary and complete discography
Record labels established in 1997
Record labels disestablished in 1999
American independent record labels
Electronic music record labels
Industrial record labels |
17328610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmarnock%20Standard | Kilmarnock Standard | The Kilmarnock Standard is a Scottish weekly newspaper published every Wednesday in the town of Kilmarnock.
External links
Kilmarnock Standard website
Newspapers published in Scotland
Newspapers published by Reach plc |
17328613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collingbourne%20railway%20station | Collingbourne railway station | Collingbourne railway station served the village of Collingbourne Ducis in Wiltshire, England. It was on the Midland and South Western Junction Railway (M&SWJR) and opened on 1 May 1882 on the southern section of the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway (SM&AR) which at that stage terminated at the-then next station to the north, Grafton and Burbage. In 1883, the SM&AR gained running rights over the Great Western Railway branch from Savernake Low Level to Marlborough and through services started between Swindon Town and Andover Junction railway station, and on down the Sprat and Winkle Line to Southampton. The same year, the Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway (S&CER) opened north of Swindon as far as Cirencester and in 1884 the SM&AR and the S&CER merged to form the M&SWJR. The line was completed as a through-route from the Midlands to the south coast by the completion of the northern end of the route between Cirencester and Cheltenham in 1891.
Collingbourne was sited to the east of the village of Collingbourne Ducis and originally had a passing loop. The track was doubled through Collingbourne early in the 20th century.
Collingbourne station had a brick building on the up platform towards Swindon and a shelter on the down platform, which also housed a signalbox. The station master's house was behind the up platform. There was a small goods yard, but goods traffic was not high.
In 1932, a halt was opened at Collingbourne Kingston, about 1.5 miles north of Collingbourne station, in an effort by the GWR, which had taken over the M&SWJR on the Grouping in 1923, to generate traffic on a line threatened by increasing road use.
As a whole, traffic on the M&SWJR fell steeply after the Second World War and the line closed to passengers in 1961, with goods facilities withdrawn from this section of the line at the same time. Collingbourne station was demolished, though the station master's house remains.
Routes
References
Wiltshire Railway Stations, Mike Oakley, Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 2004, , pages 42–43
Disused railway stations in Wiltshire
Former Midland and South Western Junction Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1882
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1961 |
20465666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20William%20Pritchard | Edward William Pritchard | Edward William Pritchard (6 December 1825 – 28 July 1865) was an English doctor who was convicted of murdering his wife and mother-in-law by poisoning them. He was also suspected of murdering a servant girl, but was never tried for this crime.
He was the last person to be publicly executed in Glasgow.
Early years
Pritchard was born in Southsea, Hampshire, into a naval family. His father was John White Pritchard, a captain.
He claimed to have studied at King's College Hospital in London and to have graduated from there in 1846. He then served in the Royal Navy as an assistant surgeon on HMS Victory. For another four years, he served on various other ships sailing around the world.
He returned to Portsmouth, England, on HMS Hecate. While in Portsmouth, he met his future wife, Mary Jane Taylor, the daughter of Michael Taylor (1793-1867), a prosperous retired silk merchant from Edinburgh then living at 22 Minto Street. The couple married in 1851. He had five children with her.
He resigned from the Navy and first took a job as a general practitioner in Yorkshire, living for a time in Hunmanby.
He was the author of several books on his travels and on the water cure at Hunmanby, as well as articles in The Lancet.
In 1859, he left under a cloud and in debt, and moved to Glasgow.
Murders
On 5 May 1863, there was a fire in the Pritchards' house at 11 Berkeley Terrace, Glasgow, which killed a servant girl. Her name was Elizabeth McGrain, aged 25. The fire started in her room but she made no attempt to escape, suggesting that she was unconscious, drugged, or already dead.
The procurator fiscal looked into the case, but no charges were brought.
In 1865, Pritchard poisoned his mother-in-law, Jane Taylor, 70, who died on 28 February. His wife, whom he was treating for an illness (with the help of a Dr. Paterson), died a month later on 18 March at the age of 38. Both had been living at Pritchard's new family home at 131 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. She had gone to her family home at 1 Lauder Road in Edinburgh to recuperate, and this worked, but she became ill again on return to Glasgow. Both his wife and mother-in-law are buried in the grave purchased by his father-in-law, Michael Taylor, in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh. The grave lies on the eastmost wall around 40m from the entrance.
Dr. Paterson was highly suspicious of the "illnesses" of both women and, when the time came, refused to sign the death certificates. However, he did not go out of his way to inform the medical or legal authorities of his suspicions. A 'Vindication' of Dr Paterson was circulated at the time and he took other steps to clear his name.
Pritchard was apprehended after an anonymous letter was sent to the authorities. When the bodies of his wife and mother-in-law were exhumed, it was found that they contained the poison antimony.
Trial and execution
The major points of interest in the trial were:
Pritchard's motive. Possibly he was having an affair with another maid in the household and would blame her for the poisonings as his defence.
The strange reticence of Dr. Paterson to inform anyone in authority of his suspicions.
Pritchard was convicted of murder after a five-day hearing of the High Court in Edinburgh in July 1865, presided over by the Lord Justice Clerk, Lord Glencorse. He was hanged in front of thousands of spectators at the Saltmarket end of Glasgow Green at 8 a.m. on 28 July 1865.
In popular culture
In 1947, Scottish playwright James Bridie wrote Dr Angelus, based on the case. It originally starred Alastair Sim and George Cole. It was revived at the Finborough Theatre, London, in 2016.
Sir Cedric Hardwicke played Pritchard in the 6 October 1952 episode of the radio series Suspense.
In 1956, Pritchard was played by Joseph Cotten in an episode of the television series "On Trial" (episode name: The Trial of Edward Pritchard).
In the Sherlock Holmes short story, The Adventure of the Speckled Band, while commenting on the apparent villain (Dr Grimesby Roylott), Holmes tells Dr Watson that when a doctor goes bad he is "the first of criminals". He then illustrates this with the comment that Drs Palmer and Pritchard were at the "head of their profession". Since neither was considered a good doctor, and Pritchard was considered something of a quack by the medical fraternity in Glasgow, their "profession" was that of murder.
In the audio drama Tales from the Aletheian Society Pritchard appears as the (deceased) former Chaptermaster of a shadowy occult organisation, driven to murder by dark supernatural forces.
At his trial Pritchard was represented (unsuccessfully) by Scottish law firm Maclay Murray and Spens. Upon his execution the law firm pursued his estate for their outstanding fees. But as there was no money in his estate to settle their bill they arrested his wooden consulting chair along with some other property. The chair remained on display in the firm's boardroom until as late as 2016.
See also
List of serial killers by country
References
Bibliography
"An eminent lawyer", A complete report of the trial of Dr. E. W. Pritchard for the alleged poisoning of his wife and mother-in-law, Issue 8 of Celebrated criminal cases, William Kay, 1865
William Roughead, Trial of Dr. Pritchard, Notable Scottish Trials, William Hodge, 1906
William Roughead, "Dr Pritchard" in Famous Trials 4 (ed. James H. Hodge), Penguin, 1954, 143-175
External links
Article with photograph
An account of the trial
A transcript of the trial
1825 births
1865 deaths
1865 murders in the United Kingdom
19th-century British people
19th-century English medical doctors
19th-century executions by Scotland
Executed people from Hampshire
Glasgow Green
Medical practitioners convicted of murdering their patients
People executed by Scotland by hanging
People executed for murder
People from Southsea
Poisoners
Royal Navy Medical Service officers
Suspected serial killers
Uxoricides |
17328618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptotrox%20hamatus | Glyptotrox hamatus | Glyptotrox hamatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae.
References
Glyptotrox
Beetles described in 1940 |
17328619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastung%2C%20Pakistan | Mastung, Pakistan | Mastung (Balochi and Urdu: ), the capital of Mastung District, is a town in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 29°48'0N 66°50'60E and has an altitude of 1701 metres (5583 feet). The town is also the administrative centre of Mastung Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district – the town itself is administratively subdivided into two Union Councils.
Mastung is located in Sarawan which is a division of the princely state of Kalat, the Chief Of Sarawan himself is from Mastung.
There are numerous Baloch as well as Pashtun tribes populated in Mastung, the tribes include Bangulzai, Shahwani, Pirkani, Sarpara, Raisani (Tareen) and Muhammad Shahi, which are the most common tribes and are politically active and leading in the area other tribes include Dehwar, Lehri, Satakzai, Bangulzai, Tareen, Ali Zai and several more.
History
Mastung was known to the 10th-century geographers al-Muqaddasi and Istakhri, who both listed it among the towns in the province of Bālis, also called Bālish or Wālishtān, whose capital was Sibi.
The Ain-i-Akbari, written during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late 1500s, lists Mastung as one of the 24 mahals included in the Sarkar of Kandahar. At that time, Mastung was defended by a mud brick fort and produced a yearly revenue of 10 tumans and 8,000 dinars in cash alongside 470 kharwars of grain. Its population was a mixture of Afghans and Balochs.
The 2017 Mastung suicide bombing killed 28 and injured 40. A 2018 suicide bombing killed 149 and injured 186.
Languages
Like other Balochistan major urban centers such as Quetta, Sibi, Mach, and Khuzdar, it is a multi-ethnic city where several languages are spoken including Brahui, Persian (Dehwari dialects), Pashto, Baluchi, Sindhi (In Hindki and Frakhi dialects) and Urdu. No language has a clear majority and Urdu serves as lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications.
See also
Mastung Valley
Khwaja Ibrahim Yukpasi
Baluchistan Agency
Notes
References
Populated places in Mastung District |
17328646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trox%20plicatus | Trox plicatus | Trox plicatus is a beetle of the family Trogidae.
References
plicatus
Beetles described in 1940 |
20465676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbalier%20Bay | Timbalier Bay | Timbalier Bay is a bay in southeastern Louisiana in the United States.
The bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico and lies near New Orleans along the southwestern coast of Lafouche Parish. Timbalier Island lies between Barataria Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.
The United States Navy seaplane tender , in commission from 1946 to 1954, was named for Timbalier Bay.
Notes
References
(ship namesake paragraph)
Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997. .
Bays of Louisiana
Bodies of water of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana
Bodies of water of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana |
20465735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbalier%20Island | Timbalier Island | Timbalier Island is an island off southeastern Louisiana in the United States.
The island lies off the southeastern coast of Terrebonne Parish. Timbalier Bay lies between the island and the Louisiana mainland, and the island separates the bay from the Gulf of Mexico.
It borders Terrebonne Bay to its north and the Gulf of Mexico to its south. It is considered a barrier island essential in Louisiana to assist in the reduction of storm surges during hurricanes. It experiences more rapid land loss than the rest of Louisiana because of local tidal action.
Notes
References
Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997. .
External links
Pictopia.org 731237 (26-Timbalier Island, LA-3) View of Timbalier Island Lighthouse, Louisiana, 1871
Islands of Louisiana
Landforms of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Barrier islands of Louisiana |
20465740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonel%20Pern%C3%ADa | Leonel Pernía | Leonel Adrián Pernía (born September 27, 1975 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine racing driver. He has run in different series, with major success in TC 2000, where he finished 3rg in 2009 and 2nd in 2010 driving for the works Honda team.
He is the son of former footballer and racing driver Vicente Pernía, and brother of Spanish international footballer Mariano Pernía. In fact, he played for Boca Juniors First Division in 1997, in the National Professional Soccer League the next two years, then raced at the Argentine Turismo Nacional in 2000 and 2001. Because of the crisis, he returned to the United States to compete in the Major Indoor Soccer League from 2002 to 2005.
In 2006, Pernía retired from football and returned to Argentina to race professionally. That year he competed at the TC Pista in a Chevrolet (12th) and the TC2000 in a Honda (3 races). The next season, Pernía raced two TC Pista races, half of the TC2000 season in a Fineschi Honda and the rest of the year in a works Honda, ending up 13th.
The next years, he continued racing for Honda and was vice-championship in 2009 and 2010. He also raced at the Turismo Nacional Clase 3 in 2008, the Top Race V6 in 2009 and Turismo Carretera since 2009. In 2009 he also won the Drivers Masters karting all-star race in downtown Buenos Aires.
In 2013, 2014 and 2015 he was runner-up in Super TC 2000 (successor to TC 2000) behind Matías Rossi and Néstor Girolami (twice), already with the official Renault Argentina team. In 2018 he won the Turismo Nacional Clase 3 championship with Chetta Racing and the following year the Súper TC 2000 with Renault.
Career
Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
References
External links
1975 births
TC 2000 Championship drivers
Argentine racing drivers
Living people
Top Race V6 drivers
Turismo Carretera drivers
World Touring Car Championship drivers
Súper TC 2000 drivers |
20465742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Hundred%20and%20Forty%20Days%20Under%20the%20World | One Hundred and Forty Days Under the World | One Hundred and Forty Days Under the World is a 1964 New Zealand short documentary film about Antarctica. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
References
External links
Watch One Hundred and Forty Days Under the World at NZ On Screen
1964 films
1960s New Zealand films
1964 documentary films
1964 short films
1960s short documentary films
1960s English-language films
New Zealand short documentary films
Documentary films about Antarctica
National Film Unit |
20465760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Harrison | Dick Harrison | Dick Walther Harrison (born 10 April 1966) is a Swedish historian. He is currently a Professor of History at Lund University.
His main areas of interest are the European Middle Ages, including the medical history of the period and the history of slavery. Harrison regularly writes articles for the Swedish journal Populär Historia (Popular History). He has also written popular historical works and, during Spring 2010, a blog covering the history of monarchs and monarchies with emphasis on the Swedish monarchy. Harrison regularly gives lectures to the general public on a broad range of historical topics.
Harrison is the editor-in-chief of a comprehensive series about Swedish history published by Norstedts with the first volume released in September, 2009. The Swedish TV channel TV4 has made a companion television series for which Harrison is the historical consultant and co-host along with Martin Timell. The TV series has 12 episodes of which the first six aired on TV4 during spring 2010. The second set of six episodes aired spring 2011.
In addition to his historical writing, Harrison has written three historical novels about Ulvbjörn Vamodsson, a 7th-century (fictitious) warrior: Ofärd, Niding and Illdåd.
Harrison was born in Huddinge, Stockholm County, and spent much of his youth in Staffanstorp in Scania. He married Katarina Lindbergh in 2010.
Selected bibliography
Non-fiction
1995 – Europa I världen : medeltiden Europe in the World: Middle Ages
1997 – Uppror och allianser: politiskt våld i 1400-talets svenska bondesamhälle Revolts and Alliances: Political Violence in 15th Century Swedish Rural Society
1998 – Skapelsens geografi Geographic Creation: Perceptions of Space and Place in Medieval Europe
1998 – Age of Abbesses and Queens
1999 – Krigarnas och helgonens tid: Västeuropas historia 400–800 e.Kr. The Era of Warriors and Saints: Western European History 400-800 A.D.
1999 – I skuggan av Cathay: västeuropéers möte med Asien 1400–1600 In the Shadow of Cathay: Western Europeans Encounters with Asia 1400-1600
2000 – Mannen från Barnsdale: historien om Robin Hood och hans legend The Man From Barnsdale: The History of Robin Hood and His Legend
2000 – Stora döden: den värsta katastrof som drabbat Europa The Black Death: the Worst Disaster to Strike Europe (Received August prize)
2000 – På Klios fält: essäer om historisk forskning och historieskrivning On Clio's Field: Essays About Historical Research and Writing
2002 – Jarlens sekel: en berättelse om 1200-talets Sverige The Earl's Century: an Account of 13th Century Sweden (chosen as Swedish history book of the year)
2002 – Karl Knutsson: En biografi Karl Knutsson: a Biography
2002 – Sveriges historia – medeltiden Sweden's History: Middle Ages
2003 – Harrisons historia Harrison's History (textbook)
2003 – Tankar om historia Thoughts About History (essay collection)
2003 – Historiebok för kakälskare A Cookie Lovers’ History Book (historical recipes) (Together with Eva-Helen Ulvros.)
2005 – Förrädaren, skökan och självmördaren The Traitor, the Whore and the Suicide: The Story of Judas Iscariot, Mary Magdelen, Pontius Pilate and Joseph of Aramathea
2005 – Gud vill det! - nordiska korsfarare under medeltiden God's Will: Nordic Crusaders During the Middle Ages
2006 – Slaveri: Forntiden till renässansen Slavery: Prehistoric to the Renaissance
2007 – Slaveri: 1500 till 1800 Slavery: 1500 to 1800
2008 – Slaveri: 1800 till nutid Slavery: 1800 to the present
2009 – Sveriges historia: 600-1350
2010 – Sveriges historia: 1350–1600 (with Bo Eriksson)
2012 – Från en säker källa...
2013 – 101 föremål ur Sveriges historia (with Katarina Harrison Lindbergh)
2015 – Slaveriets historia
2016 – Ett stort lidande har kommit över oss
2017 – Kalmars historia
2018 – Englands historia. Del 1, up until 1600
2018 – Englands historia. Del 2, from 1600 onwards
2018 – Dalslands historia
2019 – Trettioåriga kriget
2019 – Vikingarnas historia
2020 – Folkvandringstid
2020 – Sveriges medeltid
2021 – Sveriges stormaktstid
Fiction
2007 – Ofärd (Calamity) historical fiction set in 6th century western Europe
2010 - Niding (Oathbreaker) sequel to Ofärd
2012 - Illdåd (Misdeed) third book in the Ulvbjörn series
Articles
"Dark Age Migrations and Subjective Ethnicity: The Example of the Lombards", Scandia 57:1, Lund 1991.
"The Invisible Wall of St John. On Mental Centrality in Early Medieval Italy", Scandia 58:2, Lund 1992.
"Plague, Settlement and Structural Change at the Dawn of the Middle Ages", Scandia 59:1, Lund 1993.
"The Duke and the Archangel: A Hypothetical Model of Early State Integration in Southern Italy through the Cult of Saints", Collegium Medievale vol. 6 1993/1, Oslo 1993.
"The Early State in Lombard Italy", Rome and the North, eds. A. Ellegård and G. Åkerström-Hougen, Jonsered 1996.
"Murder and Execution within the Political Sphere in Fifteenth-century Scandinavia", Scandia 1997:2.
"The Lombards in the Early Carolingian Epoch", in "Karl der Grosse und sein Nachwirken. 1200 Jahre Kultur und Wissenschaft in Europa", hrsgb. P.L. Butzer, M. Kerner und W. Oberschelp, Turnhout 1997.
"Political Rhetoric and Political Ideology in Lombard Italy", Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800, eds. W. Pohl and H. Reimitz, Leiden 1998.
"Patterns of Regionalisation in Early Medieval Italy: a Historical and Methodological Problem", Analecta Romana Instituti Danici 26, Rom 1999.
"Invisible Boundaries and Places of Power: Notions of Liminality and Centrality in the Early Middle Ages", i The Transformation of Frontiers: from Late Antiquity to the Carolingians, eds. W. Pohl, I. Wood and H. Reimitz, Leiden 2001.
"The Development of Élites. From Roman Bureaucrats to Medieval Warlords", i Integration und Herrschaft. Ethnische Identitäten und Soziale Organisation im Frühmittelalter, Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 3, hrsgb. Walter Pohl och Max Diesenberger, Wien 2002.
"Structures and Resources of Power in Early Medieval Europe", i The Construction of Communities in the Early Middle Ages: Texts, Resources and Artefacts, eds. R. Corradini, M. Diesenberger and H. Reimitz, Leiden 2002.
Honours and awards
1996 The Clio Prize
2000 The August Prize for non-fiction
2001 Duke Carl's Prize
2002 Book of the Year about Swedish History
Sources
1966 births
Living people
People from Huddinge Municipality
20th-century Swedish historians
Lund University faculty
Linköping University faculty
August Prize winners
21st-century Swedish historians
Swedish medievalists |
20465770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompania%20Zamkowa | Kompania Zamkowa | Kompania Zamkowa (Castle Company) was the military unit the size of an infantry company, responsible for providing protection for the President of the Republic of Poland from 1926 to 1939. They also had a ceremonial function.
Castle Company, named after Royal Castle, Warsaw, then a presidential residence, consisted of:
Commanding squad
Three infantry platoons
Heavy machine gun platoon
Gendarmerie platoon
The Company was created after disbanding the Presidential military office and the previous protective squad. The only President under its protection was Ignacy Mościcki.
In 1928 Company was merged with a castle motorcade, gendarmerie platoon and horse unit to for the Castle Unit.
Commanders:
Major Stanisław Kłopotowski
Captain Witold Grębo
Captain Zygmunt Roszkowski
Major Wiktor Gębalski
References
Polish ceremonial units
Military history of Poland
Second Polish Republic
Protective security units |
20465786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak%20Trade%20Union%20Association | Czechoslovak Trade Union Association | Czechoslovak Trade Union Association (), abbreviated to OSČ, was a national trade union center, founded in 1897 in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. With the break-up of the empire, the OSČ emerged as the major trade union force in Czechoslovakia up to the Second World War.
Organizational history
Foundation
Odborové sdružení českoslovanské ('Czechoslav Trade Union Association') was founded in Prague on January 31, 1897. The OSČ represented a desire on the part of Czech trade unionists to build a Czech trade union movement separate from the Viennese Imperial Trade Union Commission (the 'Vienna Commission'), the culmination of two years of complaints by Czech trade unionists that the Vienna Commission was neglecting the Czech labour movement. The formation of OSČ did not, however, represent a total break with the Vienna Commission; several OSČ unions retained affiliations with the Vienna Commission. The founding congress was attended by 108 delegates, representing 90 trade union organizations, who met in the metalworkers' assembly hall in Karlín. Fourteen trade union organizations not represented at the congress also supported the OSČ's formation. Josef Roušar was elected its secretary. The new organization was linked to the Czechoslav Social Democratic Workers Party.
Competition between Prague and Vienna centres
The OSČ and the Vienna Commission had a complicated and vacillating relationship for several years. In 1902, the OSČ accepted that the Vienna Commission would be the sole representative of the trade union movement in the Austrian Empire to the international strike fund of the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres. Aside from this concession, however, the OSČ demanded autonomy for the ethnic Czech trade union movement. Yet over the next three years, several OSČ member unions, including its strongest one, the Union of Metalworkers, joined the Vienna Commission.
In 1904 Roušar was replaced as the secretary by Josef Steiner. Under Steiner's leadership, relations with the Vienna Commission worsened. In advance of the 1905 Amsterdam congress of the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres, the OSČ sought recognition as a separate trade union centre. The congress allowed an OSČ representative was allowed to attend as a guest but rejected the OSČ's bid for recognition.
The tensions between OSČ and the Vienna Commission peaked in 1905 and 1906. The Vienna Commission argued that the Czech autonomism was a minority standpoint within the labour movement, while the OSČ became more vocal. The OSČ began a process of regaining some unions that had been lost to the Vienna Commission from 1902 to 1905. In early 1906 the Union of Shoemakers rejoined.
Growth of OSČ
In 1909 the Union of Metalworkers rejoined OSČ. The following year unions organizing chemical workers, leatherworkers, miners and tailors followed suit. In 1910 Rudolf Tayerlé succeeded Steiner. The Vienna Commission became increasingly frustrated as the OSČ expanded its sphere of influence. By 1911 the OSČ had established a considerable following in Moravia and Silesia. This development marked a definite break with the Vienna Commission. Nevertheless, the Vienna Commission unions continued to encompass the majority of ethnic Czech workers in those regions.
War
The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 was a heavy blow to the organizational growth of the OSČ. Many union activists were drafted and sent to the battlefields. Prices of essential commodities rose, making the bargaining position of workers weaker. By the end of the year the OSČ had lost almost half of its membership. Several local structures were closed down and several OSČ publications were discontinued. Repressive measures were enacted by the government in order to forestall strikes in the strategically important mining and industrial sectors. Strikers or protesters could be punished with jail or being sent to the front.
By 1917 the tide turned. Inequalities in wage increases between ethnic German and ethnic Czech workers angered the Czech working class. In the scope of a year, the OSČ membership tripled, although membership levels still lagged behind the prewar level. Recruitment was particularly strong in heavy industries. The influx posed some organizational challenges for OSČ and coincided with a shift from craft unionism to mass industrial unionism.
Independence and the unity of the labour movement
Between April and October 1918, OSČ negotiated a possible merger with the National Socialist Československá obec dělnická (ČOD). The negotiations ended unsuccessfully because the ČOD insisted that unions should subordinate themselves to political parties.
In October 1918 the OSČ changed its name to Odborové sdružení československé ('Czechoslovak Trade Union Association'). Discussions between OSČ and Slovak Social Democratic trade unions began in December 1918. On February 2, 1919, a Regional Trade Union Council of OSČ was formed in Slovakia, with a secretariat in Ružomberok. Later a secretariat was set ut in Bratislava. In March 1919 OSČ started a Slovak-language publication, Priekopnik ('Pioneer'). By this time OSČ had a membership of 30 000 workers in Slovakia.
Also, by February 1919, the Vienna Commission union organization that were now within the boundaries of the independent Czechoslovak Republic merged into OSČ. Likewise OSČ branches in areas that were now parts of Austria had already joined Austrian unions.
Footnotes
Trade unions in Austria-Hungary
National trade union centers of Czechoslovakia
1897 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Trade unions established in 1897 |
20465795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbalier | Timbalier | Timbalier may refer to:
Places
Timbalier Bay, a bay in Lafourche Parish on the southeast coast of Louisiana in the United States
Timbalier Island, an island in Lafourche Parish off the southeast coast of Louisiana in the United States
Ships
USS Timbalier (AVP-54), a United States Navy seaplane tender in commission from 1946 to 1954 |
20465814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Brown | Lisa Brown | Lisa Brown may refer to:
Lisa Brown (actress) (1954–2021), American actress
Lisa Brown (artist) (born 1972), Lisa Michelle, American illustrator and children's writer
Lisa Brown (boxer) (born 1971), Trinidadian boxer
Lisa Brown (lawyer) (born 1960), White House staff secretary
Lisa Brown (Washington politician) (born 1956), former member of the Washington State Senate, Chancellor of Washington State University Spokane and candidate for Congress
Lisa Brown-Miller (born 1966), American female ice hockey player
Lisa Brown (Michigan politician) (born 1967), Oakland County Clerk-Register and former member of the Michigan State House of Representatives |
17328652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Golden%20Anniversary%20Bibliography%20of%20Edgar%20Rice%20Burroughs | A Golden Anniversary Bibliography of Edgar Rice Burroughs | A Golden Anniversary Bibliography of Edgar Rice Burroughs is a bibliography of the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs by Henry Hardy Heins. It was first published by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 1,000 copies. The book was revised from a mimeograph edition that Heins had produced in September 1962. The book lists books, stories, and articles by Burroughs. It also contains information about Burroughs and a section on magazine illustrations and publisher's announcements.
References
1964 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Burroughs
Books about books
Science fiction studies
Published bibliographies
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Donald M. Grant, Publisher books |
17328666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WriteGirl | WriteGirl | WriteGirl is a Los Angeles-based project of Community Partners, founded by Keren Taylor in 2001. Taylor was recognized by CNN as a "CNN Hero" in 2021. The organization's focus is connecting professional women writers in Los Angeles, CA with underserved teenage girls who might not otherwise have access to creative writing or mentoring programs. The mentoring program focuses on creative writing and empowerment through self-expression. WriteGirl Alum Amanda Gorman, was chosen as the Inaugural Poet for the 59th Inaugural Ceremonies on Jan. 20, 2021, when Joe Biden was sworn in as President of the United States. In 2013, WriteGirl was honored by-then first lady, Michelle Obama, with the National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award.
WriteGirl Mentorship Program
WriteGirl was founded by Keren Taylor in 2001. The program is based on one-on-one mentoring and monthly creative writing workshops where girls are given techniques, insights, and topics for writing in all genres from professional women writers. Workshops and mentoring sessions explore poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, songwriting, journalism, screenwriting, playwriting, persuasive writing, journal writing, and editing.
Mentees
WriteGirl's mentees have a high success rate of graduating seniors entering college, many on full or partial scholarships. Many of the mentees come from underserved communities. The WriteGirl program was designed to give girls individualized guidance and the education support providing in-depth college entrance guidance to all Core Mentoring Program high school juniors and seniors and their families.
In-Schools/Bold Ink Writers Program
WriteGirl’s In-Schools Program mentee pregnant, parenting and/or incarcerated girls attending alternative schools by bringing them weekly creative writing workshops. Bold Ink Writers, work with incarcerated and system-involved boys at Los Angeles County juvenile detention camps and day reporting facilities, working in partnership with the Arts for Incarcerated Youth Network (AIYN) and the Los Angeles County Probation Department. Volunteers lead weekly writing sessions designed to improve literacy and communication skills.
Lights, Camera, WriteGirl
Lights, Camera, WriteGirl is an annual event benefiting WriteGirl and it’s programming. The event showcases scenes and monologues written by WriteGirl teens, brought to life by a celebrity cast of actors which have included Wendi McLendon-Covey, Seth Rogen, Keiko Agena, Wayne Brady, Angela Bassett, and Kelsey Scott, among others. In 2019, actor, author and WriteGirl volunteer Lauren Graham, emceed the event.
WriteGirl Bold Ink Awards
WriteGirl hosts the Bold Ink Awards, an annual event honoring women writers who serve as positive role models for teens. Recipients of the Bold Ink Awards include Kara DioGuardi, Sarah Silverman, and Aline Brosh McKenna, among others.
References
Non-profit organizations based in California |
17328698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/454th%20Bombardment%20Group | 454th Bombardment Group | The 454th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 454th Troop Carrier Wing of Continental Air Command at Portland International Airport, Oregon. It was inactivated on 1 January 1953.
The 454th Bombardment Group was activated in 1943 as a United States Army Air Forces combat unit. It served primarily in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II. While in combat the group earned two Distinguished Unit Citations. The group served as a bombardment and as a troop carrier unit in the reserves after World War II.
In 1947 the group was activated as a reserve unit. It continued in this role until 1951 when it was called to active duty and its personnel used to fill out active duty organizations deploying to the Pacific.
The group was reestablished later during the Korean War as the 454th Troop Carrier Group, a reserve organization at Portland International Airport, Oregon. It was discontinued six months later, when the 403d Troop Carrier Group was released from active duty and assumed its mission, personnel and equipment. In 1985 the wing returned to its designation as a bombardment group while remaining inactive.
History
World War II
The group was constituted as 454th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 14 May 1943 and activated on 1 June at Davis–Monthan Field, near Tucson, Arizona. Training began immediately on Consolidated B-24 Liberators and the ground cadre was sent on 3 July to Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics at Orlando AAB, Florida. On 15 July, planes were sent from Davis–Monthan to join them at Pinecastle AAF, Florida for practical field training.
From their bases in Florida, the ground echelon was transferred on 28 July 1943 to McCook AAF, Nebraska and, on 1 August, the air echelon joined them. This was the first operational unit to use the newly constructed McCook airfield. On 28 September the Group was reassigned to Charleston AAB, South Carolina
On 2 December 1943 the aircrews and some key ground personnel were sent to Mitchel Field, New York in preparation for deployment overseas. These personnel were subsequently transferred to Morrison Field, Florida and flew the southern route to North Africa. After additional training in Tunisia, the air echelon joined the ground echelon, which had previously departed from Camp Patrick Henry by Liberty Ship, at San Giovanni Airfield, west of Cerignola, Italy, and was assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Although the group flew some interdiction and support missions, it engaged primarily in long range strikes against oil refineries. aircraft and munitions factories and industrial areas, harbors, and airfields.
Flying from Italy, the group flew 243 missions on over 150 primary targets in Italy, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Greece, and Poland. During this time, 13,389.19 tons of bombs were dropped during 7,091 sorties on enemy marshalling yards, oil refineries, bridges, installations, airdromes, rail lines, etc.
The 454th participated in the drive to Rome, the invasion of Southern France, and the defeat of Axis forces in northern Italy. The 454th was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for similar action on the high priority Messerschmitt Aircraft Factory at Bad Vöslau, Austria on 12 April 1944. It earned a second DUC for "outstanding performance of duty in armed conflict with the enemy" as a result of their mission against the Hermann Goering Steel Works in Linz, Austria on 25 July 1944.
After the German Capitulation in May 1945, the 454th redeployed to the United States on 8 July. Many personnel were demobilized upon arrival at the port of debarkation; a small cadre of key personnel was formed, and the group was then established at Sioux Falls Army Air Field South Dakota in July, and the unit was redesignated the 454th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy in July, and was equipped with B-29 Superfortresses, and programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater.
The Japanese Capitulation in August made the group redundant to Air Force requirements and the unit was inactivated on 17 October 1945.
Korean War
The group was allotted to the Air Force Reserve in April 1947, stationed at McChord Field, Washington, and equipped with B-29s removed from storage in the southwest. The group moved in July 1949 to Spokane AFB, Washington, where it served as a corollary unit for the 98th Bombardment Group, retaining only a single squadron.
As a result of the Korean War, the 454th was activated on 1 May 1951. Upon activation, the group's personnel and equipment were reassigned as replacements to the 98th Bombardment Wing, which deployed to Far East Air Forces at Yokota AB, Japan. The group was inactivated as a paper unit on 16 June.
For related subsequent history, see 454th Bombardment Wing.
Continental Air Command established the 454th Troop Carrier Wing at Portland International Airport, Oregon in June 1952 to replace the 922d Reserve Training Wing, which had taken over reserve activities at Portland following the mobilization of the 403d Troop Carrier Wing. Under the wing base organization (Hobson Plan), the group was redesignated the 454th Troop Carrier Group and assigned to the wing as its operational element. It was equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commandos. Its activation as a reserve transport unit was short, as it was inactivated and its mission, personnel and equipment transferred to the 403d Troop Carrier Wing when the 403d was released from active duty in January 1953.
In 1985, the United States Air Force returned the group to its original bombardment designation.
Lineage
454th Bombardment Group
Constituted as 454th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
Activated on 1 June 1943
Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945
Inactivated on 17 October 1945.
Allotted to the reserve and activated on 27 April 1947
Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Medium on 27 June 1949
Inactivated on 16 June 1951
Redesignated 454th Troop Carrier Group, Medium on 26 May 1952
Activated on 13 June 1952
Inactivated on 1 January 1953
Redesignated 454th Bombardment Group, Heavy on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)
Assignments
Fourth Air Force 1 June – 31 July 1943
Second Air Force 31 July – October 1943
Third Air Force October–December 1943
304th Bombardment Wing, 25 January 1944 – c. 19 July 1945
20th Bombardment Wing 1 August – 17 October 1945
305th Bombardment Wing (later 305th Air Division), 27 April 1947 – 27 June 1949
Fifteenth Air Force (attached to 91st Bombardment Wing), – 16 June 1951
454th Troop Carrier Wing, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953
Components
81st Fighter Squadron: 12 July 1947 – 20 June 1949
736th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 27 April 1947 – 16 June 1951, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953
737th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953
738th Bombardment Squadron (later Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 16 August 1947 – 27 June 1949, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953
739th Bombardment Squadron: 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945, 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
Stations
Alamogordo AAF, New Mexico 1 June 1943
Davis–Monthan Field, Arizona 1 July 1943
McCook AAF, Nebraska c. 31 July 1943
Charleston AAB, South Carolina 3 October – December 1943
San Giovanni Airfield, Italy January 1944 – July 1945
Sioux Falls AAF, South Dakota 1 August 1945
Pyote AAF, Texas 17 August – 17 October 1945
McChord Field, Washington, 27 April 1947 – 27 June 1949
Spokane AFB, Washington, 27 June 1949 – 16 June 1951
Portland International Airport, Oregon 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953
Aircraft flown
Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1945
Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1952–1953
Awards and campaigns
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Bombardment groups of the United States Air Force
Bombardment groups of the United States Army Air Forces |
44496550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Marathi%20films%20of%202015 | List of Marathi films of 2015 | This is a list of Marathi films that have been released or have been scheduled for release 2015.
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
References
External links
http://www.gomolo.com/2010-2019/marathi-movies-2015
Lists of 2015 films by country or language
2015 in Indian cinema
2015 |
23572092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fore%20Street%2C%20Chard | Fore Street, Chard | Fore Street in Chard, Somerset, England was built in the late 16th and early 17th century, following a fire which destroyed much of the town in 1577.
Fore Street is a main shopping street and thoroughfare with open water channels on either side. Local folklore claims that one stream eventually flows into the Bristol Channel and the other reaches the English Channel. This situation changed when the tributary of the Axe was diverted into the Isle; the gutter in Holyrood Street, though, still flows into the River Axe and therefore it is still true it lies on the watershed and that two gutters eventually drain into the Bristol Channel and the English Channel.
Numbers 7A,7B,9,11,13 & 13A Waterloo House and Manor Court House have been designated as Grade I listed buildings. They are now on the Heritage at Risk Register. The Hamstone Waterloo House and Manor Court House were built in the late 16th or early 17th century. The history of the buildings is complex and not fully understood, although it is known that it was used as a court house at various periods. Worries about the condition of the buildings, and others in the row from 7 to 13 Fore Street, and the need for their preservation. has been expressed throughout the 20th century.
In 2010 when the Manor Court House, where Charles I signed a peace declaration during the English Civil War, was added to the Heritage at Risk Register one local trader complained that not enough was being done to maintain and conserve the building. Waterloo Court was built in the 16th century as a house, it has since been converted into a shop with a flat above it.
In 1834 the Guildhall was built with a doric portico with a double row of Tuscan columns along the front. It was built to replace an earlier 16th century guildhall and now serves as the town hall.
Chard Museum is housed in a 16th-century thatched building which was originally four cottages. The building was converted and restored for use as a museum in 1970, and later incorporated the building next door which had been the New Inn public house. It houses collections of exhibits about local history and displays related to the lives of notable local residents.
The L shaped school building was built in 1583 as a private house and converted into Chard Grammar School in 1671. It was damaged in the fire if 1727. It is a Grade II* listed building. In 1890 it became a boarding school and then in 1972 a preparatory school. Monmouth House, which was built between 1770 and 1790, and the 16th century chapel, are also now part of the school.
Pubs include the Dolphin Inn, which was built in 1840 and the George Hotel which was constructed in the late 18th century. The Weslyan Methodist Chapel was built in 1895 from Flemish bond brick.
The branch of Lloyds Bank was built as a house on the site of the Chard Arms Hotel in 1849. The branch of National Westminster Bank was two houses when it was constructed around 1820. In 1938 a bomb proof bunker was built behind the branch of the Westminster Bank. During World War II it was used to hold duplicate copies of the bank records in case its headquarters in London was destroyed. It was also used to store the emergency bank note supply of the Bank of England. There has also been speculation that the Crown Jewels were also stored there, however this has never been confirmed.
In 1991 the town council commissioned bronze sculpture from Neville Gabie which were erected in Fore Street they are entitled Ball and Whirl. An album detailing the work and its commissioning is held by the Chard Museum.
See also
List of Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset
References
Houses completed in the 17th century
Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset
Chard, Somerset
Streets in Somerset
Roads in Somerset
Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset
Grade II* listed buildings in South Somerset
Grade II listed buildings in South Somerset |
23572093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Mandler | George Mandler | George Mandler (June 11, 1924 – May 6, 2016) was an Austrian-born American psychologist, who became a distinguished professor of psychology at the University of California, San Diego.
Career
Mandler was born in Vienna, Austria in 1924. He received his B.S. from New York University, and his Ph.D. degree from Yale University in 1953 after serving in the U.S. Army Military Intelligence Service and Counter Intelligence Corps in World War II. Later he studied at the University of Basel and taught at Harvard University and the University of Toronto. In 1965 he became the founding chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of California at San Diego and the founding Director of the Center for Human Information Processing (CHIP) the home of scientists such as Geoffrey Hinton, Donald A. Norman and David E. Rumelhart. His Festschrift was published in 1991. He retired in 1994 and also became a Visiting Professor at University College London. In 2004, UCSD named Mandler Hall in recognition of his contributions to the university. Mandler had emigrated from Vienna to England and eventually to the US after the German invasion in 1938. In 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna.
Mandler was a leader and participant in the so-called cognitive revolution in mid-twentieth century. His contributions related the fields of cognition and emotion and the importance of autonomic feedback, the development and use of organization theory for an understanding of memory storage, recall, and recognition (see "Organization and memory" in Spence & Spence, and, the development of dual process recognition theory, and the revival of the role of consciousness in modern psychology. A consequence of the structural and organizational approach to human information processing (Mandler, 1967) was the postulation of a general limit on the structures of human thought (Mandler, 2013), following Miller's initial foray (1956). Mandler discussed the limit of 4 ± 1 to working memory, categorization, subitizing, and reasoning. In the 1950s, together with S. B. Sarason, he initiated research on test anxiety. Among his books are Mind and Emotion, Mind and Body, Human Nature Explored, Consciousness Recovered, and A History of Modern Experimental Psychology. He was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, received the William James Award from the American Psychological Association (APA), a Guggenheim Fellowship, and Fellowship status in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of Experimental Psychologists, and the Cognitive Science Society.
Mandler's professional contributions include the editorship of Psychological Review, Governing Board member and chair of the Psychonomic Society, president of two Divisions of APA (Experimental Psychology and General Psychology), chair of the Council of Editors of APA, chair of the Society for Experimental Psychologists, and founding president of the Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences.
He died in May 2016 at the age of 91.
Books by George Mandler
Mandler, G., and Kessen, W. (1959). The Language of Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reprinted in Science Editions, 1964. Reprint edition: Huntington, N.Y.: Krieger, 1975.
Italian edition: Il linguaggio della psicologia. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1977.
Mandler, Jean M., and Mandler, G. (1964). Thinking: From Association to Gestalt. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reprint edition: Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Mandler, G. (1975). Mind and Emotion. New York: Wiley. Reprint edition: Melbourne, Florida: Krieger, 1982.
German edition: Denken und Fühlen. Paderborn: Junfermann, 1980.
Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and body: Psychology of emotion and stress. New York: Norton.
Behavioral Sciences Book Club selection, 1985.
Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo Publishers, 1987.
Mandler, G. (1985). Cognitive psychology: An essay in cognitive science. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mandler, G. (1997). Human nature explored. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mandler, G. (2002). Interesting times: An encounter with the 20th century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mandler, G. (2002). Consciousness recovered: Psychological functions and origins of conscious thought. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Mandler, G. (2007). A history of modern experimental psychology: From James and Wundt to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Reprint edition: Prentice-Hall.
References
Sources
Baars, B. J. (1986). The cognitive revolution in psychology. New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press.
Kessen, W., Ortony, A., & Craik, F. (1991). Memories, thoughts, and emotions: Essays in honor of George Mandler. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kintsch, W., Miller, J. R., & Polson, P. G. (1984). Method and tactics in cognitive science. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Mandler, G. (2001). Interesting times: An encounter with the 20th century, 1924-. Mahwah, NJ: Larry Erlbaum Associates.
External links
George Mandler's home page
Descriptions of Mandler's books
1924 births
2016 deaths
University of California, San Diego faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
20th-century American psychologists
United States Army personnel of World War II
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Austrian Jews
United States Army soldiers
Emotion psychologists
Academics of University College London
Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows
Ritchie Boys |
23572094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautam%20Singhania | Gautam Singhania | Gautam Vijaypat Singhania (born 9 September 1965) is an Indian industrialist. He is the chairman and managing director of the Raymond Group, the world's largest producer of suiting fabric.
Biography
Gautam Singhania was born in an Sindhi industrialist family, to Vijaypat Singhania and Ashabai Singhania.
He is an alumnus of St. Mary's School, Mumbai and Cathedral and John Connon School. He is also an alumnus of H.R. College in Churchgate, Mumbai
Gautam Singhania joined the Singhania family's JK Group of companies in 1986. He later joined the family's Raymond Group, becoming a director in 1990, the managing director in July 1999, and the chairman in September 2000. He restructured the group and sold Raymond's non-core businesses (synthetics, steel and cement). Under him, the group moved its focus to fabrics, apparel brands, prophylactics (KamaSutra condoms), and men's toiletries. He has also focused on international partnerships for Raymond, including joint ventures with UCO Textiles of Belgium (denim) and Gruppo Zambaiti of Italy (shirting). In 2005, Singhania opened a nightclub named Poison in Bandra, with DJ Aqeel.
As of 2012 Singhania's net worth is estimated to be around $1.4 Billion. Singhania is currently constructing a skyscraper ten stories taller than the Antilia constructed by Mukesh Ambani. The 30 story mansion, called JK House, will be a combination of a private residence and textile showroom.
Personal life
Gautam Singhania is married to Nawaz Modi Singhania, a Parsi. The couple has a daughter named Niharika (born 10th December 2005)
He has suffered from vitiligo (loss of skin pigmentation) since a young age. Its progression accelerated when he was in his early 30s, as a side effect of medication.
Gautam Singhania's father gave him 27% of the company as per family understanding. After taking over the company a few years later he turned it around and turned it into a huge success.
Hobbies
Gautam Singhania is passionate about fast cars, boats, planes and nightclubs. He has driven a Formula 1 car in France, a Ferrari 360 Modena in a road and track rally across Europe, and a Lamborghini Gallardo for Cannonball Run. He has also formed the first-ever Super Car Club in India. He owns a Tesla Model X that had been imported from the USA, at a time when Tesla cars were not available in India. He owns the only Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera in India, and a pre-2008 Gallardo which has been modified to have over 1,600 horsepower. He also owns a Ferrari 458 Challenge racing car. He also owns a lot of drift cars, including an S15 Silvia, a 240SX, an E46 M3, a WRX STI, and a Lancer Evo VI. He also does drag racing in a heavily modified R33 Skyline GT-R with over 1,000 horsepower. He is very passionate about cars and has won many races in his sports cars. Singhania owns M Y Ashena, a tri-deck luxury yacht constructed entirely out of Burma Teak wood. The yacht was designed by traditional boat builders from a village in Gujarat. The Ashena was later used by Liz Hurley for her wedding. He also owns the luxury yacht Moonraker, which later sunk due to leaks caused by external damage However nobody aboard was harmed., launched 2014, his second of that name after the Moonraker launched 1992, as well as a traditional three-masted Arabian sailing dhow Shazma, four speedboats named after the James Bond movies Octopussy, Goldfinger, Thunderball, Golden Eye, and some other speedboats called Smokin Joe and Raymond. Singhania also owns a Bombardier Challenger 604 business jet (VT-NGS) and three helicopters.
References
Businesspeople from Mumbai
1965 births
Living people
Indian billionaires
Indian businesspeople in textiles
People with vitiligo |
6900527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Jane | Bob Jane | Robert Frederick Jane (18 December 1929 – 28 September 2018) was an Australian race car driver and prominent entrepreneur and business tycoon. A four-time winner of the Armstrong 500, the race that became the prestigious Bathurst 1000 and a four-time Australian Touring Car Champion, Jane was well known for his chain of tyre retailers, Bob Jane T-Marts. Jane was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2000.
Early life
Bob Jane grew up in Brunswick, an inner-city suburb of Melbourne. His passion for racing began in the early 1950s as a champion bicycle rider, holding many state records before turning to four wheels. In the later 1950s, he started Bob Jane Autoland, a company that distributed parts for Jaguar and Alfa Romeo. Through this venture, a love of cars and motor sport blossomed and he first entered competitive racing in Australia in 1956; by 1960, he was racing with some of Australia's top sedan drivers.
Racing career
In 1961, Jane and co-driver Harry Firth won the Armstrong 500 at Phillip Island, Victoria, driving a Mercedes-Benz 220SE. Jane and Firth, driving a Ford Falcon XL, won the race again the following year, the last before the event moved to Mount Panorama at Bathurst, New South Wales, retaining the Armstrong 500 name. Jane, driving for the Ford works team, won a further two Armstrong 500s at the new venue, the first with Firth in 1963 and the second in 1964 with George Reynolds as co-driver. Despite the change of venue, Jane is officially credited with winning Australia's most famous endurance race four times in a row, something no other driver, not even nine-time race winner Peter Brock, has ever done.
Jane won the Australian Touring Car Championship (now known as the V8 Supercars Championship) in 1962, 1963, 1971 and 1972. His 1971 ATCC win was in a Chevrolet Camaro ZL-1 with a 427 cubic inch engine. Jane was forced by a rule change to replace the 427 engine with a 350 cubic inch engine for the 1972 championship but the Camaro still managed to beat the opposition, which included Allan Moffat's Ford Boss 302 Mustang, Ian Geoghegan's Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III, and Norm Beechey's Holden HT Monaro GTS350. Of the 38 races he started in the ATCC, he finished on the podium 21 times.
Jane also won the 1963 Australian GT Championship at the wheel of a Jaguar E-type, and the Marlboro Sports Sedan Series, in both 1974 and 1975, at his own Calder Park Raceway driving a Holden Monaro GTS 350 (at times he also drove his Repco V8 powered Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 which was mostly driven by John Harvey).
Jane retired from competitive motor racing at the end of 1981 due to sciatica. At the time of his retirement he had been driving a 6.0 litre Chevrolet Monza in the Australian Sports Sedan Championship. After giving up driving, Jane asked touring car star Peter Brock to drive the Monza in the re-formed Australian GT Championship. Brock raced the car in 1982 and 1983 before Jane sold the car in early 1984 to Re-Car owner Allan Browne.
Bob Jane T-Marts
In 1965, Jane opened the first Bob Jane T-Marts store in Melbourne. The company remains an independent, family-owned business to this day; Bob's son, Rodney Jane, is the current CEO. In 2011, 81-year-old Jane resigned as chairman of T-Marts citing difficulties in the relationship with his son Rodney.
From 1984 To 1997 Bob Jane formed a cross shareholding partnership with Ian Diffen. Bob Jane operated in Queensland and Ian Richard Diffen operated Ian Diffen's World of Tyres and Mufflers in Western Australia.
From 2002 to 2004, Bob Jane T-Marts held the naming rights sponsorship for the Bathurst 1000, the race Jane dominated early in his career. The company also held the naming rights to the former Bob Jane Stadium, home of South Melbourne FC.
Bob Jane T-Marts is the only major tyre retailer in Australia who do not sell retread tyres. Jane's personal reason for this is that his second eldest daughter Georgina had died in a car accident in 1991 due to a retreaded tyre blowing out.
Having lost control of Bob Jane T-Marts, Jane attempted to create a new tyre business using his name. It was blocked by son Rodney in court which also ruled Jane pay legal costs. In May 2015, his Diggers Rest farm was seized by the state sheriff in order to settle the outstanding costs.
Contributions to Australian motorsport
Australian Grand Prix
From 1980 to 1984, the Australian Grand Prix was held at his Calder Park Raceway in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, Jane taking over the promoting and staging of the Grand Prix in the hope of Calder Park being granted a round of the Formula One World Championship (an ambitious plan at best as Calder was a 1.6 km long circuit which the faster cars lapped in less than 40 seconds). The 1980 Grand Prix was open to Formula 5000, Formula Pacific and Formula One cars and was won by Australia's 1980 Formula One World Champion Alan Jones driving his World Championship winning Williams FW07B-Ford. Second home was fellow F1 driver Bruno Giacomelli driving his Alfa Romeo 179, with Ligier F1 driver Didier Pironi finishing 3rd, driving an Elfin MR8 Formula 5000 for leading Australian team Ansett Team Elfin.
From 1981 until 1984 the races were run under Formula Mondial regulations and Jane succeeded in attracting many of the best Formula One drivers of the era. Each race from 1981 to 1984 was won by those driving the popular Ralt RT4-Ford.
The 1981 Australian Grand Prix was won by future F1 driver Roberto Moreno from Brazil. Finishing second, also in an RT4 was 1981 World Champion Nelson Piquet (Brazil) with Australian Geoff Brabham finishing 3rd in his RT4. Alan Jones and Ligier's Jacques Laffite also participated in the race, though both failed to finish. The 1981 race was the first time since 1968 that the AGP had two or more, current or past World Champions, on the starting grid. On that occasion, Jim Clark (1st), Graham Hill (3rd), Denny Hulme (9th), and Australia's own triple World Champion Jack Brabham (DNF) participated as the race was part of the popular off-season Tasman Series.
For the 1982 Australian Grand Prix, Jane again attracted F1 drivers in Piquet, Laffite, the then retired Jones, plus future Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. Frenchman Prost won the 100 lap race from Laffite and 1981 winner Roberto Moreno. When Prost later won his second AGP in Adelaide in 1986 to win his second of four Formula One World Championships, he became the only driver to ever win the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-championship formats.
The 1983 race, while only attracting one current F1 driver in Jacques Laffite, as well as Alan Jones, who had made an abortive F1 comeback earlier in the year, did attract 24 entries (mostly the Ford powered RT4), including former winner Moreno, Geoff Brabham and future F1 driver Allen Berg. Moreno won his second AGP from local drivers John Smith and Laffite. Geoff Brabham finished 4th with Jones in 5th and Charlie O'Brien. Reigning Australian Drivers' Champion Alfredo Costanzo led the race early in his Tiga FA81 before suffering a differential failure on lap 25. Moreno would later claim that had 'Alfie' not retired then he would likely have won as he didn't believe he would have caught the Australian. The 1983 race was the last time the Grand Prix was included as a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship.
During 1984 it was announced that from 1985, the Australian Grand Prix would be held on the Streets of Adelaide and would be the 16th and final round of the 1985 Formula One season, giving the Grand Prix "World Championship" status for the first time in its history. Despite this, Jane was still able to successfully attract current Formula One drivers to participate in the 1984 Australian Grand Prix. Headlining the 'imports' was three time (including 1984) World Champion Niki Lauda, and 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg. Joining them were 1984 Ligier drivers Andrea de Cesaris and François Hesnault and 1981 and 1983 AGP winner Roberto Moreno to face off against local stars Costanzo and 1984 Gold Star champion John Bowe. Moreno would win his 3rd AGP in 4 years from Rosberg, who fought back from a bad start and a collision another car, with de Cesaris putting in the drive of the race to finish 3rd after starting early from the pit lane and being almost half a lap down when he took the green flag.
NASCAR
Jane is credited with bringing stock car racing to Australia. Long resistant to oval racing (seeing it as dull and monotonous when compared to circuit racing, although speedway (Dirt track racing), held on smaller ¼ or ⅓ mile oval tracks, has been popular in Australia since the 1920s), Australian motorsport fans finally had their own NASCAR-style high banked superspeedway when Jane spent A$54 million building the Thunderdome on the grounds of Calder Park Raceway. The 1.801 km (1.119 mi) Thunderdome, with 24° banking in the turns, was built as a quad-oval with Jane modelling the track on the famous Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Opened on 3 August 1987, the Thunderdome played host to the first ever NASCAR event held outside North America on 28 February 1988 with the Goodyear NASCAR 500. Several prominent drivers from the United States came to Australia for this race including Alabama Gang members Bobby Allison and Neil Bonnett, along with Kyle Petty, Michael Waltrip, Dave Marcis, and others from the Winston West Series. Bonnett, who had won the Winston Cup's Pontiac Excitement 400 at the Richmond International Raceway the previous weekend, and Allison, who had won the 1988 Daytona 500 just one week prior to that, dominated the race, swapping the lead several times on a hot summer afternoon in which cabin temperatures were reported to reach over 57° Celsius (135° Fahrenheit). Bonnett won the 280 lap race from Allison with Dave Marcis finishing 3rd.
The race was marred by an early multi-car crash in turns 3 and 4 involving 8 cars including the Ford Thunderbird of local touring car champion Dick Johnson, and the Oldsmobile of Allan Grice who, after running out of brakes, couldn't slow down coming off the back straight and ran into the wreck at speed. Grice, whose car was a write-off, suffered a broken collarbone and was taken to hospital for x-rays.
Jane also owned the Adelaide International Raceway which features the only other paved NASCAR type oval in Australia with its half mile Speedway Super Bowl, which, unlike the Thunderdome, is a permanent part of the road circuit.
In 1992, Jane and Sydney based speedway promoter and Channel 7 television commentator Mike Raymond also announced plans to turn the old half mile harness racing track that surrounded the Parramatta Speedway in Sydney into a paved oval for NASCAR and the Australian AUSCAR category, giving Australia a third paved oval speedway. However, the project never got past the planning stage.
Personal life
On 23 February 2007, Jane was granted a 12-month intervention order against his estranged wife, Laree Jane (born 1967). At the time, she was 39 and they had been married for 20 years. He accused her of threatening to shoot him and threatening him with a kitchen knife. In a Victorian County Court, on 22 January 2009, a jury found Laree Jane not guilty of five charges, including assault, related to the domestic dispute.
Jane met Laree when he performed Grand Marshal duties for the 1986 James Hardie 1000 at Bathurst.
Jane declared bankruptcy on 8 July 2016.
On 28 September 2018, Jane died from prostate cancer, 21 years after his diagnosis. He was 88.
Career results
Complete Australian Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
Complete Phillip Island/Bathurst 500/1000 results
References
Businesspeople from Melbourne
1929 births
2018 deaths
Bathurst 1000 winners
Tasman Series drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Racing drivers from Melbourne
Tire industry people
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia) |
23572095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresy%20Act%201382 | Heresy Act 1382 | The Heresy Act 1382 (5 Ric. II, St. 2, c. 5) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act stated that the Chancellor should issue commissions for the arrest of heretical preachers by the authority of certificates from the bishops. The Act was repealed in a later Parliament of the same year as the knights of the shires claimed it had not passed the House of Commons.
Notes
Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion
1380s in law
1382 in England
Heresy in Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity in medieval England |
44496559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbhajan%20Singh%20%28mountaineer%29 | Harbhajan Singh (mountaineer) | Harbhajan Singh is an Indian mountaineer, known for his successful mountaineering expeditions of Mount Everest, Mount Nanda Devi and many other peaks in the Himalayan region. The Government of India honored him in 2011, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.
Biography
Harbhajan Singh was born in a very small village named Dholowal of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India on the 10th of September 1956. As a child, he was known for his athleticism. He won several medals in various sports at the state level in the under 18 years old age group. He was considered the best athlete at Khalsa College Garhdiwala. When he was completing his post Graduation from Government college Hoshiarpur he learned judo and as it was a new sport in Punjab, he excelled and won medals in various state level competitions. He represented Punjab in Judo and won Gold medal in National judo championship held at Indore ( MP) in 1979. In addition to participating in sports he used to take active part in various other activities at the college. He remained NCC cadet and is “C” certificate holder, he was NSS volunteer and took part in various camps for social service activities, he remained editor of college magazine for punjabi section and an active member of student central association of the college . His career began in 1980 when he joined Indo-Tibetan Border Police as a gazetted officer through a national level competitive exam and is currently the incumbent Inspector General of ITBP.
Singh is credited with three Mt. Everest expeditions and his performance remained remarkable for the significant successful attempts. Since then, he has to his credit successful expeditions to Mt.Nanda Devi, the third highest peak in India, and many others such as Mount Abhigamin, Mt. Kamet & Mt.Abhigamin, Mount Mana, Mt. Stopanth, Mount Nunkun, Mt.White Needle (twice), Mount Pinnacle, Mount Pyramid, Mt. North Pyramid, Mt. Sphinx, Mt. Panchachuli, Mount Stok Kangri (twice in winters) Mount Kasket and four un-named peaks(03 in Leh-Ladakh and 01 in H.P) He also has led a team of skiers who skied down after climbing Mt. Abhigamin in 2007 and later on ski down from the 3rd camp (Ht.approximately 23000 ft.) of Mount Everest in 2009.
Awards and recognitions
Harbhajan Singh is a recipient of various following Awards and recognitions conferred by the Government of India and Government of Punjab for his spectacular and significant achievements in the field of Mountaineering and adventure sports and outstanding and meaningful performance as an officer of elite ITBPOLICE Force :-
a) Padmashri Award in 2011.
b) Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award in 2016.
c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award (highest sports Award of Punjab) in 2019.
d) IMF Nain singh & Kishan singh life time achievement award in 2011.
e) President’s Police Medal for Distinguished services in 2011.
f) President’s Police medal for Meritorious services in 2005.
g) DG ITBPOLICE Insignia & Commendation roll -13 times.
Indian Mountaineering Foundation has also extended life membership to him for his significant contributions in the field of mountaineering and promoting adventure activities at International and National level
.
His name also figure in “Limca book of records and quiz competition books prepared for competitive exam” for his matchless and spectacular contribution in the field of mountaineering and promoting adventure activities at International and National level.
See also
Adventure sports
Limca Book of World Records
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Indian mountain climbers
Mountain climbers from Punjab, India
Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award |
6900536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20from%20a%20Perfect%20Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place is a two act play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's third stage play and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 7 April 1994. The part of Travis Flood was played by the veteran, classical actor John Wood, for which he received general acclaim and was nominated for 'Best Actor' at the 1994 Evening Standard Drama Awards. The production was the third collaboration between Ridley and director Matthew Lloyd, who had directed all of Ridley's previous stage plays and would go on to direct Ridley's next play for adults Vincent River in 2000.
The play is the third and final instalment in Ridley's unofficially titled "East End Gothic Trilogy", having been preceded by The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe.
The play caused a great deal of controversy at its premiere due to a scene where an old East London gangster, played by Wood, is tortured by a gang of girls. The theatre critic of The Guardian, Michael Billington, described the play as "degrading and quasi-pornographic." As with most of Ridley's work, however, the critical response was deeply divided, with Sheridan Morley describing it as "a masterpiece" and John Peter, of The Sunday Times, declaring, "Ridley's work is an acquired taste and it looks like I'm getting it."
The play along with Ridley's The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe grew in reputation years after their initial productions for being seminal works in the development of in-yer-face theatre. The terminology for this theatrical sensibility and style was popularised by Aleks Sierz in his 2001 book In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today, which also features a section that analyses Ghost from a Perfect Place and its initial reception. Sierz has also cited the play as one of the first to be indirectly called "in-yer-face" by a critic, with Paul Taylor in his review for The Independent describing the girl gang in the play as "the in-yer-face castrating trio".
Characters
Torchie Sparks – Seventy six years old, her leg has been severely damaged for many years as result of a fire which burnt through her flat. She has had to endure many tragic events in her life but maintains a sense of humour about her misfortune. She is very nostalgic towards life in London's East-End during the 1960s which she refers to as “the heydays”.
Travis Flood – Seventy eight years of age. Travis was once a feared gang leader who lived and operated in Bethnal Green during the 1960s. He has been away from London for 25 years but has decided to return to the East-End.
Rio Sparks – Aged twenty-five, she is a prostitute and leader of a girl-gang called ‘The Disciples’. She lives with her grandmother Torchie.
Miss Sulphur - Aged seventeen, she is a member of ‘The Disciples’. She often tries to keep the peace between members of the gang.
Miss Kerosene - Aged twelve, she is the most hot-headed and violent of the three Disciples.
Notable Productions
World Premiere
7 April 1994 at Hampstead Theatre, London.Directed by Matthew Llyod.
Torchie Sparks - Bridget Turner
Travis Flood - John Wood
Rio Sparks - Trevyn McDowell
Miss Sulphur - Rachel Power
Miss Kerosene - Katie Tyrrell
1998 revival (Bolton)
At The Bolton octagon, Greater Manchester.Directed by Lawrence Till.
Torchie Sparks - Ann Rye
Travis Flood - Christopher Wilkinson
Rio Sparks - Stephanie Buttle
Miss Sulphur -
Miss Kerosene -
1999 London revival
19 May 1999 at White Bear Theatre, London.Directed Michael Kingsbury.
Travis Flood - John Aston
Torchie Sparks - Joy Graham
Performer - Sharon Gavin
Performer - Lauretta Gavin
Performer - Mika Simmons
2014 London Revival
11 September 2014 at the Arcola Theatre, London.Directed by Russell Bolam.
Torchie Sparks - Sheila Reid
Travis Flood - Michael Feast
Rio Sparks - Florence Hall
Miss Sulphur - Scarlett Brookes
Miss Kerosene - Rachel Redford
Further reading
Urban, Ken (2007). Ghosts from an Imperfect Place: Philip Ridley's Nostalgia
Allison, Natalie and Sarah Stribley Productions (2014). Ghost from a Perfect Place: Practical Resources Pack.
References
Plays by Philip Ridley
1994 plays
Plays set in London |
17328710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Limestone%20and%20Chemical%20Company | Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company | The Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company operated the world's largest limestone quarry (Michigan Limestone; a/k/a the "Calcite Quarry"; "Calcite Plant and Mill"; and "Carmeuse Lime and Stone"), which is located near Rogers City in Presque Isle County, Michigan. It was formed and organized in 1910; however, production did not begin until 1912. Ownership of the quarry has changed a number of times; but it is still one of the largest producers of limestone in the United States. The quarry was inextricably interlinked to lake shipping and railroad transportation.
The deposits mined at the quarry are underground in the northeastern part of Northern Michigan near Alpena and south of Rogers City along the shore of Lake Huron. The raw material is essential to a variety of industries; the major uses are for various aggregates, road-base stone cement, flux for iron and steel production, railroad track ballast, mine dusting, agricultural lime. and production of sugar.
History
The mining engineer and geologist Henry H. Hindshaw, of New York City, started the analysis to established the commercial value of limestone in Northern Lower Michigan in January 1909. He looked over and evaluated certain properties in the northeastern part of Michigan, between the small lumbering community of Rogers City and the nearby open pit mine of Crawford's Quarry. In February, Hindshaw first drilled samples for the Solvay Process Company of Syracuse, New York. The limestone samples were found to be of commercially usable quality, so the company took an option to purchase all the surrounding land by the Lake Huron shore south of Rogers City. Hindshaw then returned to New York City and got in contact with William F. White of the White Investing Company. The investor showed an interest in commercial development of the limestone.
Hindshaw originally bought the land with the hope of using the Limestone directly as building material, i.e., stone facades. That aspiration was misplaced; and was displaced by the realization that this would be marketable as a commodity for its chemical composition.
Limestone is a raw material essential in industry. Major uses are for various aggregates, road-base stone cement, manufacture flux for iron and steel production, railroad ballast, mine dusting, and lime manufacture. Hindshaw determined the value was high due to the unusually high grade and purity of the limestone deposit underground in the northeastern region of Lower Michigan along the shore of Lake Huron, near Alpena and south of Rogers City. The quality and size of the limestone deposit at Rogers City, and the availability of easy water transportation, led to the development of the quarry and a port. Both quarry and port are named "Calcite," after the principal ingredient of limestone.
Quarry
It is the largest limestone quarry in the world, measuring long by wide, amounting to . It features mega loader vehicles that haul up to , that is , in single trucks that have tires measuring in height.
The quarry and plant are currently owned and operated by Carmeuse Lime and Stone, with 115 employees. It has been described as a "man made Grand Canyon," as it is more than deep.
This is one of several dozen limestone quarries that have been located in Michigan. The Michigan Basin encompasses large areas of limestone bedrock.
The quarry exploits limestone and dolomite strata, part of the "Michigan Basin" and the "Rogers City" geologic unit and strata. "As proposed, the name Rogers City is applied to limestone and dolomite strata formerly considered part of the Dundee, which is here restricted to lower of section. Lower to 9 ft of Rogers City is dolomite; upper part is limestone. Rogers City fauna is distinctive from that of the Dundee. Age is Middle Devonian."
This open pit mine, operating for 110 years since 1912, was at times called "the Calcite Quarry" "Calcite Plant and Mill" and "Carmeuse Lime and Stone",mines 350 million year old deposits, and has shipped well over of product to customers. It is within the Rogers City limestone, a part of the Dundee Limestone. Of the on the site, about 3,000 are actively mined. The company predicts the site has reserves that can last 100 years.
The quarry is the subject of a well known astronaut photo. It has been documented in an Emmy Award winning documentary film. As the director of the film notes: “Initially I thought, it’s (a documentary) about a quarry,” Belanger said. “But it’s a human story. The quarry of course is limestone, it’s rock, but it’s how this natural resource become a driving force for our nation. Much of this limestone was used to build the Mackinac Bridge, it helped build the interstate highway system throughout the nation, and it’s used in everyday items.”
The Detroit and Mackinac Railway service inside the mine dates back to before 1926. Pictures indicate that the yard was originally serviced within by company-owned switching engines. Trackage included switches and even two interlockers inside the plant which date back to 1926. The railroad for the quarry is currently serviced by Lake State Railway, successor to the D&M.
Rogers City donated land to create a landmark in celebration of the quarry's centennial. Part of the landmark is a X 6 foot mural made of outdoor tiles created by master potter Guy Adamec from the Flint Institute of Arts. Part of the design "represent[s] the history of the quarry by depicting layers of quarry strata ranging from the Devonian Period to current day. This ... [are depicted] in different colors of cement block to show the strata."
The United States Army and Air Force conduct simulated-fire phases within the Carmeuse Calcite Quarry area during Exercise Northern Strike.
According to the Oglebay Norton, this quarry is "producing high-calcium carbonate limestone ... and shipping between 7 and 10.5 million net tons (NT) per year, depending on market demand." The operation "produces nine base product sizes, from 5-1/2 inches down to sand-sized particles. These products can be blended together to meet most sizing specifications."
Company
Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company was founded in 1910 by White and a few of his investor capitalist colleagues, who purchased a parcel of land of prime limestone deposits from the Rogers City Land Company. It was the lumber industry that had brought the first settlers to the northern area of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, around the time of the Civil War. The first pioneer settlers arrived in the Rogers City vicinity in 1869, and they started the Rogers-Molitor Lumber Company. The lumber industry was the backbone of the economy in Rogers City, and Presque Isle County, until the second decade of the 20th century. By that time, most of the forests had been cut down, and the major lumber companies were moving their camps to fresh forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (and into the nearby states of Wisconsin and Minnesota). Around this time Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company began construction of facilities for mining limestone.
White, whose residence was in New York City, served as president of Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company when he filed Articles of Association in the Presque Isle County Clerk's office at Rogers City making the company official on May 26, 1910. The Calcite port and quarry plant started operations in June 1910 and maintained offices in New York City and Rogers City. Hindshaw was the first general manager and was paid $3,500 per year. He was replaced in October by Joseph Jenkins of Alpena, Michigan, who was paid $3,000 a year. Carl D. Bradley of Chicago replaced Jenkins on October 12, 1911.
Bradley managed construction of the limestone processing factory, which included a powerhouse, stone crusher, screen-house, conveyor power distribution system, a harbor with loading slip, ship loader, repair shop, and executive office building. Steam shovels were purchased for use in mining, and steam locomotives and dump cars were used to move the stone from the quarry to the crusher. A steam locomotive was purchased to haul the limestone from the quarry.
There was a spur track built by the company that led into the Calcite operations from the Detroit & Mackinac Railroad main line just west of Posen, Michigan. Production at the quarry began in early 1912 and the first cargoes of stone were shipped by steamer freighters in June of that year. The company received orders for limestone that far exceeded the most optimistic expectations.
Most of the stone mined at the Rogers City quarry was shipped on lake freighters to steel mills located along the lower Great Lakes at places like Detroit, Cleveland, Gary, and South Chicago. For most of the plant's history, its biggest customer was United States Steel (also known as U.S. Steel), the world's largest producer of steel products. Eventually, additional markets were found for the limestone in the agricultural, construction, chemical, and cement industries. The Rogers City area continued to develop and grow as the Calcite plant facilities grew. Within 20 years, the quarry at Rogers was the world's largest producer of limestone.
U.S. Steel
United States Steel Corporation was the first customer of the company. White and his partners were in contact with potential major consumers of limestone even before the company was officially formed. They were in negotiations with several steel companies and other companies that used quantities of limestone and concluded that if they built a massive quarry that they would have potential consumers immediately. US Steel signed a contract within months of when the company was officially formed and a year before limestone was actually produced. Iroquois Iron Company of Chicago signed a contract with Michigan Limestone for the purchase of 50,000 tons of limestone. The limestone company was created, at least in part, with the idea that there was a waiting market for their product.
US Steel later purchased a controlling interest in Michigan Limestone in 1920 when the company was producing 1,000 tons of crushed limestone a day.
Bradley was promoted from general manager to president of Michigan Limestone. He also served as president of Michigan Limestone's fleet of self-unloading ships used to deliver the stone. Those ships were operated as the Bradley Transportation Company. Michigan Limestone and Bradley Transportation came under the full ownership of U.S. Steel upon Bradley's death in 1928. At that time U.S. Steel purchased all of the stock of both Michigan Limestone and the associated shipping concern, Bradley Transportation, and made both these companies subsidiaries of U.S. Steel. The company became a division in 1951 when the operations at Rogers City became U.S. Steel's "Northern District", since the main offices were moved to Detroit. The operation is still a major employer in northern Michigan. Its ownership has changed several times in recent years.
Uses
The calcite limestone produced at Michigan Limestone is the white calcium carbonate chemical. It is low in iron, alumina, sulphur, carbonate phosphorus, silica, magnesium and titanium. Steel mills added limestone to molten iron in the blast furnaces. It is used to carry away impurities in the process of making steel. The material is also in widespread use in making cement. The limestone when burned at a temperature up to 2300 degrees Fahrenheit (999 degrees Celsius) produces just pure lime, which is used in everything from making paints, varnishes, sugar, glass, baking powder and ammonia. Lime is also used in making chemicals such as soda ash, caustic soda, bleaching powders, and water softening salt. Limestone was used to fill the caissons that support the Mackinac Bridge.
Pulverized limestone is used to restore lime that is needed to make plants grow. Continuous cultivation depletes lime out of the soil, making it acidic. Crops will not grow very well in that type of soil. Pulverized limestone is used to restore lime in the soil so crops grow properly. This type of soil conditioner is known as agricultural lime. Where soils are acidic crushed limestone can improve the crop yield. It does this by making the soil balanced and thereby allowing the plants to absorb more nutrients from the soil like they should through their roots. While lime is not a fertilizer itself, it can be used in combination with fertilizers. Agricultural lime can also be beneficial to soils where the land is used in raising farm animals like cows and goats. Bone growth is key to an animal's development and bones are composed primarily of calcium. Young calves get their needed calcium through milk, which has calcium as one of its major components so dairymen frequently apply agricultural lime to their fields because it increases milk production.
It is the indispensible ingredient for making calcium carbonate, which in turn is used to make white sugar from sugar beets. Michigan is a very large producer of beet sugar.
Self-unloading ships of the company
Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company built three "revolutionary" ships between 1912 and 1917. They were named SS Calcite, SS W.F. White and the SS Carl D. Bradley (in 1927, this ship would be renamed John G. Munson, and a new SS Carl D. Bradley would be built). These ships were revolutionary in their own right. They represented the latest technology in "self-unloading" ships, then simply called "unloading ships".
In 1912, the company built its first steamship, SS Calcite. It was considerably larger than the first modern self-unloader ever built on the Great Lakes, which was the SS Wyandotte built in 1908. The Calcite was used to haul limestone from the company's quarry at Rogers City to Buffalo and Fairport, New York. The steamships W.F. White and Carl D. Bradley followed over the next few years. All the steamships' hulls were painted grey to minimize the appearance of the limestone dust that accumulated during loading and unloading.
The design of these early ore carrier self-unloaders was pretty much the same as today. The idea is that the "cargo hold" is built with its sides sloping toward the center of the ship along the keel. Where the two sides come together, a series of steel gates can be opened. This allows the material to drop onto a conveyor belt running the length of the ship beneath the "cargo hold." The conveyor belt carries the material up to an exchanger, where it is transferred to a second belt which runs up to the main deck, then through a long boom on deck. The unloading swing boom hangs over the ship's side to discharge the material load onto the waiting customer's dock. The advantage of self-unloaders is that they can deliver the limestone material directly to a customer's dock without requiring expensive shore side unloading rigs.
As business grew over the years, the company built several more of these self-unloaders. These ships were operate under the name Bradley Transportation Company after 1920 and were known as the Bradley boats or the Bradley fleet. There are still self-unloaders that carry limestone from the Calcite plant through the Port of Calcite to industrial ports all around the Great Lakes. The SS Carl D. Bradley was lost in a storm in November 1958 while returning from delivering a load of limestone; 33 of the 35 crewmembers died, most of whom lived in or around the small town of Rogers City. No larger loss of lives has occurred in the lake freighter fleet since the Bradley's sinking.
Ships such as the SS Carl D. Bradley would haul the limestone to steel mills in Gary, Indiana.
Michigan historical marker
The company conducts yearly tours of the quarry. Typically the event is conjoined with Rogers City’s annual Nautical City Festival. Then the public is permitted "to see some of the giant equipment" up close and personal that the plant uses. The experience highlights the grand scale of the operation and the equipment. The Alpena News has detailed the numbers, which may be of interest, but are too extensive to repeat here. "The Calcite Operation is one of 28 production facilities Carmeuse owns in North America and one of 94 production facilities the company owns around the world. The plant mines, processes and ships limestone via freighters on the Great Lakes, which haul the raw materials to the next location." As of 2019, 915,931,719 tons have been shipped from the Quarry. 1953 was the high water mark for production at 16.6 million tons. In prior days, the tailings were dumped into the lake, but that has ceased and they are now beneficially used. It would take 4,000 wheelbarrows full to fill the largest truck in the facility, and 12 hours to fill a freighter.
It is surrounded by vantage points.
This site should be considered as part of an effort to mine limestone in other parts of Michigan. For example, the Mill Creek Quarry opened near Mackinaw City, Michigan in 1912. That site is now part of the Michigan state parks system.
There is a Michigan State Historic Site historical marker at a viewing point over Michigan Limestone and Chemical Company facilities.
See also
Alabaster Historic District
Exercise Northern Strike
List of types of limestone
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
Nelson, Crystal. (August 3, 2019) Calcite opens quarry for annual Nautical visitors Alpena News.
Rogers City: the nautical limestone city (November 30, 2017} "Long Lake Yarns" WordPress
External links
Belanger, Anne. (2014) ''A CENTURY IN STONE, Historical Documentary National Endowment for the Humanities, Michigan Endowment for the Humanities Video via=YouTube
1910 establishments in Michigan
American companies established in 1910
Limestone
Buildings and structures in Presque Isle County, Michigan
.Limestone
Chemical companies of the United States
Chemical companies established in 1910
Companies based in Michigan
Limestone
Limestone industry
Michigan State Historic Sites
Mines in Michigan
Mining companies of the United States
Limestone
Limestone |
6900555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20River%20%28play%29 | Vincent River (play) | Vincent River is a one act stage play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's fourth stage play for adults and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 6 September 2000. The production was the last major collaboration between Ridley and director Mathew Lloyd, who had previously directed the majority of Ridley's other theatrical works.
It is believed that the play in part draws from Ridley's unpublished radio play October Scars the Skin which was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 16 January 1989. The story like Vincent River involved a mother of a murdered homosexual who befriends his son's lover and also featured a character called Vincent.
Plot
The story plays out in realtime and is set in a rundown flat in Dagenham.
There a woman called Anita is moving in following the death of Vincent, her son who was killed in a homophobic attack which resulted in her discovering that he was a homosexual in the aftermath of his murder.
In the play we see her interact with Davey, a boy who claims to have been the first to find Vincent's corpse and who wants to know as much as he can about Vincent from Anita.
Notable Stage Productions
On Film
In 2005 Marianne Epin and Cyrille Thouvenin starred in the play at the Théâtre du Marais in Paris, which was also filmed and released as a television movie. It is available on region 2 DVD.
The play has been compared to the 2014 film, Lilting, starring Ben Whishaw, Cheng Pei Pei and Andrew Leung and written and directed by Hong Khaou. The story similar to the play is about a man who approaches the mother of his deceased gay lover to try and connect and understand their loss.
References
Further reading
External links
Interview from 2010 with Philip Ridley for Time Out London about Vincent River and homophobic violence in London
2000 plays
Plays by Philip Ridley
One-act plays
Two-handers
LGBT-related plays
Plays set in London |
44496565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20Haigh | Claire Haigh | Claire Haigh (born 16 September 1980) is a Luxembourgish female kickboxer and mixed martial artist.
She is the former WPMF Lightweight and Super Lightweight champion, as well as the WPMF World Pro League Super Lightweight Champion. She is also the former WMC Lightweight champion. She is a two time ISKA Lightweight World title challenger.
Martial arts career
Haigh made her kickboxing debut in 2007, against Sheree Halliday, during Woking Fight Night 4. She lost a decision.
In 2009, Haigh was given the opportunity to fight for the World Professional Muaythai Federation Lightweight title, against Chantal Ughi. She won by way of TKO. Haigh fought Chantal Ughi for the World Professional Muaythai Federation Super Lightweight title in the same year, winning a decision.
Haigh defended her WPMF title in 2010, when she faced Stephanie Ielö Page, and won a unanimous decision.
Claire Haigh next fought Lanzi Estella for the KSFL World title. She would win a unanimous decision.
During Penzance Fight Night 2010: Fast And Furious, Haigh faced Julie Kitchen for the IKF World title. She lost a close split decision.
Haigh's next fight was likewise a title fight. She fought Miriam Nakamoto for the WBC Muaythai Lightweight title. Nakamoto won the bout by knockout.
Claire Haigh would then go on a six fight winning streak before challenging Angélique Pitiot for the ISKA World Lightweight title. During this winning streak, she defended her lightweight title twice, against Kwanta Soonkeeranakornsree, and against Nilawan Techasuep. Pitiot won by knockout.
She fought and defeated Nong Nan Jor Nguan in 2012 for the WMC World Lightweight title in 2012.
Championships and accomplishments
World Professional Muaythai Federation
WPMF World Lightweight Championship (135 lbs)
Two successful title defenses
WPMF World Super Lightweight Championship (140 lbs)
WPMF World Pro League Super Lightweight Championship (140 lbs)
World Muaythai Council
WMC World Lightweight Championship (135 lbs)
Kickboxing record
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Marlene Caneva
|
| France
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|5
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Anke Van Gestel
|Kings of Muay Thaï 5
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (unanimous)
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Saida Atmani
|Kings of Muay Thai 4
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|4
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Veronica Vernocchi
|Fighter’s Legion
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (split)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Laetitia Bakissy
|One versus One
| Trappes, France
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Hatice Ozyurt
|No Pain, No Muay Thai, Belgium
| Andenne, Belgium
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Marlene Caneva
|Kings of Muay Thai 3
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|5
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Angélique Pitiot
|Tower Muay Thai
| Paris, France
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|1
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Saida Atmani
|Fight Fever 5th Edition
| Longeville-lès-Metz, France
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Roxana Gaal
|Fight Fever 5th Edition
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|3
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Sandra Pires
|Kings of Muay Thai 2
| Oberkorn, Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|3
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Nilawan Techasuep
|WPMF World Championship
| Bali, Indonesia
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|5
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Kwanta Soonkeeranakornsree
|WPMF World Championship
| Phuket, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|4
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
|
|
| Phuket, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Miriam Nakamoto
|WCK Muay Thai The Top Best
| Haikou City, Hainan Island, China
| style="text-align:center;"|KO
|align=center|1
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Julie Kitchen
|
| Cornwall, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision (split)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#c5d2ea;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Draw
| Amanda Kelly
|Muay Thai Addicts III
| London, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Draw (unanimous)
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Lanzi Estella
|Gala KSFL
| Luxembourg
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision
|align=center|5
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Stephanie Ielö Page
|WPMF World Championship
| Saphan Buri Stadium, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Decision
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Julie Kitchen
|Kings Cup Tournament
| Bangkok, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Chantal Ughi
|Queens Birthday - Muay Thai Event
| Bangkok, Thailand
| style="text-align:center;"|TKO
|align=center|
|align=center|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Win
| Ifa Onuga
|England vs Belarus
| London, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|
| style="text-align:center;"|Loss
| Sheree Halliday
|Woking Fight Night 4
| Woking, England
| style="text-align:center;"|Points
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:00
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Mixed martial arts record
|Draw
|align=center|3–0–1
|Jin Tang
|Draw (Unanimous)
|DQ - Dragon Qilu
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Shandong, China
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–0
|Eileen Forrest
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke
|MC - Martial Combat 12
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:06
|Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Sun Jiao
|TKO (Elbows)
|MC - Martial Combat 5
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:30
|Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Angela Rivera-Parr
|Rear-Naked Choke
|CWA - Cage Wars Australia 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:40
|Queensland, Australia
|
References
1980 births
People from Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve
Luxembourgian female kickboxers
Luxembourgian female mixed martial artists
Living people
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Lightweight kickboxers
Luxembourgian Muay Thai practitioners
Female Muay Thai practitioners |
6900559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20E3 | HMS E3 | HMS E3 was the third E-class submarine to be constructed, built at Barrow by Vickers in 1911-1912. Built with compartmentalisation and endurance not previously achievable, these were the best submarines in the Royal Navy at the start of the First World War. She was sunk in the first ever successful attack on one submarine by another, when she was torpedoed on 18 October 1914 by .
Design
The early British E-class submarines, from E1 to E8, had a displacement of at the surface and while submerged. They had a length overall of and a beam of , and were powered by two Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two electric motors. The class had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of , with a fuel capacity of of diesel affording a range of when travelling at , while submerged they had a range of at .
The early 'Group 1' E class boats were armed with four 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of eight torpedoes were carried. Group 1 boats were not fitted with a deck gun during construction, but those involved in the Dardanelles campaign had guns mounted forward of the conning tower while at Malta Dockyard.
E-Class submarines had wireless systems with power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was although in service some reached depths of below . Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.
Crew
Her complement was three officers and 28 men.
Service history
When war was declared with Germany on 5 August 1914, E3 was based at Harwich, in the 8th Submarine Flotilla of the Home Fleets.
Loss
E3 sailed from Harwich on 16 October to patrol off Borkum in the North Sea. On 18 October, she spotted some German destroyers ahead but was unable to get into a position to take a shot at them. Unable to pass them, Commander Cholmley retreated into the bay to wait for them to disperse. As he did so, he failed to see that the bay was also occupied by , under Kapitänleutnant Bernd Wegener.
Wegener was surfaced and patrolling between the Ems and Borkum when at 11:25, an object resembling a buoy was spotted where no buoy should be. Suspecting a British submarine, U-27 immediately dived and closed the object. Although 'conned down', the number 83 was clearly visible on the conning tower of the British boat, now identified as such beyond reasonable doubt. Wegener tracked the submarine for two hours until able to approach 'up sun'. He noted that the look-outs were staring intently in the other direction, towards the Ems. When the distance had closed to , a single torpedo was fired by U-27. Detonation followed shortly after, and E3 sank immediately. Survivors were visible in the water but fearing a second British submarine might have been lurking nearby, U-27 dived and withdrew. 30 minutes later, the U-boat returned to the scene to search for evidence and possible survivors but without success. All 31 members of E3s crew were lost.
The Wreck
In 1990, the stern section was snagged by a fishing boat, which in turn alerted divers from Zeester. The wreck of E3 was discovered on 14 October 1994. The stern of E3 had been blown off in the explosion and was found to be completely detached. The stern section— including the stern torpedo chamber — was later raised. The stern hatch was open, but the nature of the explosion indicates that men in the engine room and motor compartments would have died instantly. The motor and engine rooms are fully exposed and have consequently been looted of all removable fittings, including the bell.
The conning tower has been removed by fishing nets and the broken periscope standards are still evident. The conning tower ladder is said to have been donated to the Submarine Museum but is not officially listed within their collections. E3s torpedo loading hatch is open and the bow section is largely intact.
References
External links
A movie about the discovery of the E3 with English subtitles
'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum
British E-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1912 ships
World War I submarines of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in October 1914
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Lost submarines of the United Kingdom
Royal Navy ship names |
20465821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20GMTV%20presenters%20and%20reporters | List of GMTV presenters and reporters | List of GMTV presenters and reporters shows the on air team for the various shows broadcast by GMTV on ITV between 1 January 1993 and 3 September 2010. At this point GMTV was replaced by ITV Breakfast and Daybreak was launched, with new shows and presenters.
Presenters
Programme presenters
Newsreaders
Weather presenters
Sport presenters
Children's presenters
Guest presenters
Correspondents and reporters
Experts
References
External links
GMTV
itv.com
Presenters
GMTV
fr:GMTV
nl:GMTV |
23572104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Devlin%20%28fictional%20detective%29 | Harry Devlin (fictional detective) | Harry Devlin is a fictional detective created by the British crime writer Martin Edwards. He has appeared in eight novels and eight short stories, and was described by Marcel Berlins in ‘The Guardian’ as ‘a charming but down-at-heel Liverpool solicitor with bruised emotions, a nice line in self-deprecation, and a penchant for Mersey low life.’ The series has received consistently good reviews.
In All the Lonely People, the book which introduced Harry Devlin, his estranged wife Liz is murdered, and he is the prime suspect. Harry needs to clear his name and find who killed the woman he loved. The book was nominated for the John Creasey Memorial Dagger for the best first crime novel of 1991 (the winner being Walter Mosley).
The first seven novels appeared between 1991 and 1999. Harry Devlin returned in 2008 in Waterloo Sunset, a novel which reflects the changes in his life and in his native Liverpool during the intervening years.
Novels
All the Lonely People (1991)
Suspicious Minds (1992)
I Remember You (1993)
Yesterday’s Papers (1994)
Eve of Destruction (1996)
The Devil in Disguise (1998)
First Cut is the Deepest (1999)
Waterloo Sunset (2008)
Short stories
It's Impossible
The Boxer
When I'm Dead And Gone
Never Walk Alone
I Say A Little Prayer
My Ship Is Coming In
With A Little Help From my Friends
A House Is Not A Home
References
'Martin Edwards' in The Mammoth Encyclopaedia of Modern Crime Fiction ed. Mike Ashley (2002) (Robinson)
‘Martin Edwards’ in Whodunit?: a who’s who in crime & mystery writing ed. Rosemary Herbert (2003) (Oxford University Press)
‘Harry Devlin' in Great British Fictional Detectives by Russell James(2008) (Remember When)
External links
Martin Edwards Books.com – Official website
Fictional male detectives
Fictional amateur detectives
Fictional lawyers |
6900570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTV | KTV | KTV may refer to:
An Asian term for a karaoke box
Medicine
Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis
Standardized Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis, different from Kt/V
Television
Broadcasters
Korea TV, Korea
Kansai Telecasting Corporation, Japan
Kent Television, Canterbury, UK
Kohavision, a Kosovo TV station
KTV Ltd., Falkland Islands
Kurdistan TV, Iraq
Kuwait TV
Channels
KTV (India), Tamil-language
Kids & Teens TV, Florida, USA
K-T.V. or Kids TV, South Africa
Programs
Karaoke Television, Belize music competition
Organisations
Municipal Workers' Union, a former Finnish trade union
See also
K (disambiguation)
KT (disambiguation)
Karaoke (disambiguation) |
6900583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20East%20Carolinian | The East Carolinian | The East Carolinian is the campus newspaper of East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, United States, and is entirely student-run. The East Carolinian dates back to 1925. The ECU Student Media Board "provides oversight and direction to the student newspaper" The newspaper has a circulation of 9,000 copies per issue in the Spring and Fall semesters and 5,000 copies per issue in the Summer. The newspaper comes out on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the Spring and Fall and on Wednesdays in the Summer.
Operations
The East Carolinian publishes one issues per week in the Fall and Spring semesters and continues publications during the Summer. The newspaper is printed by Cooke Communications North Carolina, LLC in Greenville, NC.
References
External links
The East Carolinian official website
1925 establishments in North Carolina
Publications established in 1925
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina
Student newspapers published in North Carolina
Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina |
23572106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forte%20Albertino | Forte Albertino | The Forte Albertino (also Forte di Vinadio) is an alpine fortress in Vinadio, Piedmont, northern Italy, located outside the town in the Stura di Demonte Valley. It is now used as a museum.
History
Forte Albertino was commissioned in 1834 by Charles Albert of Savoy and, following a brief reprieve between 1837 and 1839, finished in 1847. The fort is placed strategically close to the French border and the Maddalena Pass, giving Italian troops control of who entered the country. An estimated 4,000 men helped erect the fort. Its walls have a length of about , with a total of internal paths on three levels: the Upper Front, the Attack Front, and the Lower Front. The Upper and Lower Fronts consist of casements while the Attack Front had a ravelin and was the only point of access for communication with the outside world. This included communication with the town, Porta Francia, and the Pass.
The fort was never properly outfitted for war and was used as a prison for captured Garibaldini during the Battle of Aspromonte. After the dawn of the 20th century, Forte Albertino became a barracks, then an artillery warehouse. It was later bombed by the Allies during World War II and abandoned. It has since then been renovated and is now used as a museum.
Permanent exhibitions
Montagna in Movimento: Multimedia installations allow visitors to see the development, natural and otherwise, that built up Alps civilizations. The strategic value of the fort's location as well as ongoing environmental conservation and biodiversity efforts are highlighted.
Messaggeri Alati: Located at Porta Neraissa, this exhibition details the history of the important military dovecote, which remained until 1944.
Vinadio Virtual Reality: Introduced in 2017, the virtual reality exhibit gives visitors two options of fort exploration: the Vollo libero sul forte, a flight simulator, and Giallo Forte, a spy game.
Mammamia che Forte!: This exhibition has offered a wide range of children's programming since its introduction in 2019.
References
Castles in Piedmont
Vauban fortifications in Italy
Museums in Piedmont
Military and war museums in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Province of Cuneo
History of Piedmont
Infrastructure completed in 1847 |
23572130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomi%20Taira | Tomi Taira | was a Japanese actress with a long history of performing in Okinawan theatre. She was mainly active as an actress, narrator, dialect coach and in other capacities in shows and films taking place in Okinawa and in projects otherwise representing the region, as well as working more directly and officially with the Okinawa Tourist Bureau in promoting the island prefecture.
Acting both on stage and in films for many years, her first notable role in films was that of the title role of Nabbie, the grandmother in the 1999 film Nabbie no koi.
Life and career
Tomi Taira was born on 5 November 1928. At the age of thirteen, after graduating from Ishigaki Elementary School, she joined the "Ōchō Kojirō Ichiza" ("Old Man Kojirō's Troupe"), where she met her future husband, Susumu Taira. Years later, in 1956, she joined the troupe "Tokiwa-za" led by Chōshū Makishi.
Taira Tomi frequently performed alongside her husband both on stage and in films, and the two were active together in other ventures. The two founded an Okinawan theatrical troupe, "Shio" (潮, lit. "The Tide") in 1971; among his many acting roles, Susumu played Tomi's chief love interest, Sun Ra, in Nabbie no koi.
After the release of Nabbie no koi, Taira narrated and acted in a number of Japanese television dramas, including Sushi Ōji! (lit. "Prince [of] Sushi"), along with films such as Nada Sōsō and a Japanese version of A Midsummer Night's Dream, entitled Manatsu no yo no yume.
She received a number of awards over the course of her career, including being named Best Supporting Actress at the 30th Japanese Television Drama Academy Awards for her performance in the 2001 television drama Churasan, and receiving the Tokyo Sports Film Award, for which one of the chief judges was Japanese director/screenwriter/actor Takeshi Kitano. In 1998, she was officially designated by Okinawa Prefecture a Protector of Intangible Cultural Properties, Ryukyuan Song and Drama (沖縄県指定無形文化財琉球歌劇保持者). She died on 6 December 2015 at the age of 87.
Filmography
Film
Paradise View (1985)
Umi sora sango no ii tsutae (1991)
Nabbie no koi (1999) - Nabbie
Hotel Hibiscus (2002)
Nada Sōsō (2006)
Koishikute (2007)
Ginmaku ban Sushi Ōji!: Nyūyōku e iku ("Sushi Ōji the Movie: Sushi Ōji Goes to New York!", 2008)
Manatsu no yo no yume (2009)
Television
Churasan (2001) - Kohagura Hana (Grandmother, "Oba")
Koi Seyo Otome (2002)
Shinri bunseki sôsakan Sakiyama Tomoko (2002)
Churasan 2 (2003)
Motto Koi Seyo Otome (2004)
Churasan 3 (2004)
Churasan 4 (2007)
Sushi Ōji (2007) - Martial arts master Purusu Riri
References
External links
Taira Tomi at JDorama.com
Taira Tomi at Japanese Movie Database (Japanese)
1928 births
2015 deaths
Japanese film actresses
Japanese stage actresses
People from Naha
Voice coaches |
6900585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Mother%20Moore | Queen Mother Moore | Queen Mother Moore (born Audley Moore; July 27, 1898 – May 2, 1997) was an African-American civil rights leader and a black nationalist who was friends with such civil rights leaders as Marcus Garvey, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Rosa Parks, and Jesse Jackson. She was a figure in the American Civil Rights Movement and a founder of the Republic of New Afrika. Dr. Delois Blakely was her assistant for 20 years. Blakely was later enstooled in Ghana as a Nana (Queen Mother).
Biography
She was born Audley Moore in New Iberia, Louisiana, to Ella and St. Cyr Moore on July 27, 1898. Both her parents died before she completed the fourth grade, her mother Ella Johnson dying in 1904 when Audley was six. Her grandmother, Nora Henry, had been enslaved at birth, the daughter of an African woman who was raped by her enslaver, who was a doctor. Audley Moore's grandfather was lynched, leaving her grandmother with five children with Moore's mother as the youngest. Moore became a hairdresser at the age of 15.
Moore later had an adopted son, Thomas O. Warner.
After viewing a speech by Marcus Garvey, Moore moved to Harlem, New York, and later became a leader and life member of the UNIA, founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey. She participated in Garvey's first international convention in New York City and was a stock owner in the Black Star Line. Along with becoming a leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement, Moore worked for a variety of causes for over 60 years. Her last public appearance was at the Million Man March alongside Jesse Jackson during October 1995.
Moore was the founder and president of the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women as well as the founder of the Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves. She was a founding member of the Republic of New Afrika to fight for self-determination, land, and reparations.
In 1964, Moore founded the Eloise Moore College of African Studies, Mt. Addis Ababa in Parksville, New York. The college was destroyed by fire in the late 1970s.
For most of the 1950s and 1960s, Moore was the best-known advocate of African-American reparations. Operating out of Harlem and her organization, the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women, Moore actively promoted reparations from 1950 until her death.
Although raised Catholic, Moore disaffiliated during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, during which Moore felt Pope Pius XII took improper actions in supporting the Italian army. She later became bishop of the Apostolic Orthodox Church of Judea. She was also a founding member of the Commission to Eliminate Racism, Council of Churches of Greater New York. In organizing this commission, she staged a 24-hour sit-in for three weeks.
She was also a co-founder of the African American Cultural Foundation, Inc., which led the fight against usage of the slave term "Negro".
In 1957, Moore presented a petition to the United Nations and a second in 1959, arguing for self-determination, against genocide, for land and reparations, making her an international advocate. Interviewed by E. Menelik Pinto, Moore explained the petition, in which she asked for 200 billion dollars to monetarily compensate for 400 years of slavery. The petition also called for compensations to be given to African Americans who wish to return to Africa and those who wish to remain in America. Queen Mother Moore was the first signer of the New African agreement
Taking the first of many trips to Africa in 1972, she was given the chieftaincy title "Queen Mother" by members of the Ashanti people in Ghana, an honorific which became her informal name in the United States.
In 1990, Blakely took her to meet Nelson Mandela after his release from prison in South Africa, at the residence of President Kenneth Kaunda in Lusaka, Zambia. In 1996 Blakely assisted Moore in enstooling Winnie Mandela in the presence of the Ausar Auset Society International at the Lowes Victoria Theater (New York City) 5 at 125th Street, Harlem.
The first African American Chairman of the DNC (Democratic National Committee) and U.S. Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown (U.S. politician), U.S. Congressman Charles Rangel, NYC Mayor David Dinkins and U.S. Presidential Candidate Jesse Jackson honored, supported, acknowledged, respected and insured the well-being of Moore as a Royal Elder in the Harlem community.
Sonia Sanchez, voice of the liberation struggle of a people was a God-daughter adored by Moore.
Queen Mother Moore died in a Brooklyn nursing home from natural causes at the age of 98.
References
Further reading
External links
"'Queen Mother’ Moore; black nationalist leader".
"Queen Mother" Moore, Black History Pages.
'Queen Mother' Moore talks about seeing Marcus Garvey and being in the UNIA in this radio documentary.
Queen Mother Moore, Black Nationalism, and the Centuries-Long Fight for Reparations with author Ashley Farmer and the Zinn Education Project.
1898 births
1997 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
People from New Iberia, Louisiana
American Black separatist activists
Women civil rights activists
African-American activists
20th-century African-American women
Activists from Louisiana
American reparationists
African-American Catholics |
23572140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangjin%20Bridge | Gwangjin Bridge | The Gwangjin Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the districts of Gwangjin-gu and Gangdong-gu. The original bridge was completed in 1936, but because of deteriorating conditions, it was rebuilt and reopened in November 2003.
References
Bridges in Seoul
Bridges completed in 1936 |
23572153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Pacific%20Railroad%20and%20Telegraph%20Company | Laramie, North Park and Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company | The Laramie, North Park and Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company was a short lived railroad line in the U.S. state of Wyoming. In 1880, a group of Albany County businessmen proposed a rail line west from Laramie across the Medicine Bow Range. The railroad only made it to the Soda Lakes, southwest of Laramie, serving mining camps in the area for several years. The Union Pacific Railway soon gained control of the line. Most of the line was subsequently abandoned, but in 1900 successor Union Pacific Railroad bought the easternmost .
See also
List of defunct Wyoming railroads
References
Interstate Commerce Commission, 44 Val. Rep. 1 (1933), Valuation Docket No. 1060: Union Pacific Railroad Company
Defunct Wyoming railroads
Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad
Railway companies established in 1880
Railway companies disestablished in 1900
1880 establishments in Wyoming Territory
American companies disestablished in 1900 |
6900591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrazyShow | CrazyShow | CrazyShow is a limited-edition (2500 copies) four-CD album by Alphaville, composed of new material as well
as rare and remixed tracks, and three cover versions ("Do the Strand" by Roxy Music, "Something" by George Harrison", and "Diamonds Are Forever" by Don Black and John Barry). It's considered to be a sequel to the eight-CD album Dreamscapes, and as such the discs are numbered from 9 to 12.
Between October 2000 and October 2001, Alphaville released – free of charge – an average of one track per month on their official website. All of those tracks ended up on CrazyShow, though some were remixed. The internet releases were: "Scum of the Earth", "MoonGirl", "MoonBoy", "See Me Thru", "Those Wonderful Things", "And as for Love", "Upside Down", "Parallel Girlz (Cloud Nine)",
"Shadows She Said (Omerta)", "First Monday (in the year 3000)", "(Waiting for the) New Light", "Miracle Healing", "Zoo" and "On the Beach".
A single CD promotional version of the set called CrazyShow Excerpts was also released.
Track listing
All tracks by Rainer Bloss and Marian Gold except where noted.
CD 9 – The Terrible Truth About Paradise
"State of Dreams" (Bloss, Stephan Duffy, Gold) – 6:32
"Ship of Fools" – 4:35
"Zoo" (Bloss, Mark Ferrigno, Gold) – 5:54
"See Me Thru" – 3:48
"Upside Down" – 5:09
"And as for Love" – 4:10
"Girl From Pachacamac" (Gold, Martin Lister) – 4:10
"Carry Your Flag" – 5:43
"MoonGirl" – 5:07
"Return to Paradise Part 2" – 7:44
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 5:17
"On the Beach" – 10:26
CD 10 – Last Summer on Earth
"Wonderboy" – 3:37
"Hurricane" – 5:57
"Do the Strand" (Bryan Ferry) – 5:15
"Still Falls the Rain" (Janey Diamond, Gold, Lister) – 4:24
"Ways" (Gold, Lister) – 5:56
"The II Girlz" (Bloss, Gold, Gurkin) – 4:55
"Heartbreaker" (Bloss, Gold, Lister) – 2:05
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 6:47
"Shadows She Said" – 4:33
"CrazyShow" (Gold, Klaus Schulze) – 9:01
"MoonBoy (Thank You)" – 4:59
"Miracle Healing" – 4:59
CD 11 – Stranger Than Dreams
"Stranger than Dreams" – 3:48
"Giants" (Ricky Echolette, Gold, Bernhard Lloyd) – 4:05
"Wish You Were Dead/Wishful Thinking" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:34
"About a Heart" (Gold, Lister) – 4:42
"For the Sake of Love" – 3:51
"Sounds Like a Melody (MaXx Mystery's 80's Remix)" (Gold, Bernhard Lloyd, Frank Mertens) – 4:20
"Something" (George Harrison) – 3:56
"Because of U" – 4:30
"Inside Out (ThouShaltNot Remix)" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:25
"The Opium Den" (Gold, Schulze) – 6:51
"Last Summer on Earth" – 4:44
"Diamonds are 4 Eva" (John Barry, Don Black) – 3:13
CD 12 – WebSiteStory
"Return to Paradise Part 1" – 3:04
"State of Dreams" – 4:23
"Scum of the Earth" – 3:34
"Upside Down" – 5:54
"Shadows She Said" – 4:30
"First Monday in the Y3K" – 3:04
"MoonGirl" – 4:32
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 4:19
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 4:52
"C Me Thru" – 3:32
"MoonBoy" – 4:19
"Miracle Healing" – 21:22
Personnel
Alphaville – Producer
Gabi Becker – Vocals
Rainer Bloss – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing
Aaron Fuleki – Producer, Remixing
Marian Gold – Arranger, Singer, Producer, Mixing
Dirk Grobelny – Photography, Concept
Martin Lister – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing, Drawing
Christian Marsac – Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Producer
Frank McDonald – Guitar
Rudy Nielson – Guitar, E-Bow
Alex Reed – Voices, Multi Instruments, Producer, Remixing
Klaus Schulze – Arranger, Producer, Mixing, Instrumentation
The Nelson Highrise Sectors
The song "Scum of the Earth" is also referred to as "The Nelson Highrise Sector Four: The Scum of the Earth." This is the fourth of 4 songs that Alphaville have designated a "Nelson Highrise Sector:"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 1 is "The Elevator," the B-side to 1984's single, "Sounds Like a Melody"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 2 is "The Other Side of U," the B-side to 1986's single "Dance With Me"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 3 is "The Garage," the B-side to 1986's singles, "Jerusalem" and "Sensations"
2003 albums
Alphaville (band) albums |
17328762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Villalon | Eric Villalon | Eric Villalón Fuentes (born 30 April 1973 in Barcelona) is a Paralympic alpine skier from Spain. In his career, he has won five gold medals, three silvers, and a bronze. At the 1998 Winter Paralympics he won three golds, at the 2002 games he won two gold and two silvers, and at the 2006 Paralympics he won a silver and a bronze.
In 2014 Villalon was inducted into the Paralympic Hall of Fame.
Notes
External links
Spanish Paralympics site Profile
Spanish male alpine skiers
Paralympic alpine skiers of Spain
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Spain
Paralympic silver medalists for Spain
Paralympic bronze medalists for Spain
1973 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in alpine skiing |
44496567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansor%20Abd%20Rahman | Mansor Abd Rahman | Dr. Mansor bin Abd Rahman is a Malaysian politician. He was the former Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the seat of Sik, Kedah, representing the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaysia's previous governing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
A medical doctor by profession, Mansor entered Parliament at the 2013 election. At the time of his election he was the deputy chief of UMNO's Sik division. He defeated the incumbent Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) MP, Che Uda Che Nik.
In the 2018 election, Mansor lost to Ahmad Tarmizi Sulaiman of PAS, in a three-corner fight with Azli Che Uda of Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH) for the Sik parliamentary seat.
Election results
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Kedah
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian medical doctors
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
21st-century Malaysian politicians |
6900596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokedown%20Palace%20%28disambiguation%29 | Brokedown Palace (disambiguation) | Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film by Jonathan Kaplan.
Brokedown Palace may also refer to:
Brokedown Palace (novel), a novel by Steven Brust
Brokedown Palace: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"Brokedown Palace", a song by the Grateful Dead from American Beauty |
23572163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Expo%20Park | World Expo Park | World Expo Park was an amusement park built for Expo '88 in Brisbane, Australia. It was positioned on the corner of Melbourne and Glenelg Streets in South Brisbane, the former site of railway sidings for South Brisbane Station, and the current site of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. The park was opened when the exposition opened on the 30 April 1988. Admission to the park was included in the price of the ticket to the World Expo.
World Expo Park contained three roller coasters, one indoor and two outdoor. The later was called the Titan, renamed as The Demon and operated at Wonderland Sydney before being relocated to Alabama as the Zoomerang. The other outdoor rollercoaster was known as the Centrifuge, a suspended coaster with swinging turns. The indoor rollercoaster was known as the Supernova. The amusement park was closed in 1989 due to its lack of popularity.
See also
List of amusement parks in Oceania
References
Defunct amusement parks in Australia
Buildings and structures in Brisbane
1988 establishments in Australia
1989 disestablishments in Australia
World's fair sites in Australia
Amusement parks in Queensland
Amusement parks opened in 1988
Amusement parks closed in 1989
Park |
17328764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Congregational%20Church%20%28Newport%2C%20Rhode%20Island%29 | United Congregational Church (Newport, Rhode Island) | The United Congregational Church (also called First Congregational Church, Second Congregational Church and Newport Congregational Church) is a historic former church building in Newport, Rhode Island. The congregation was formerly affiliated with the United Church of Christ (UCC). Built in 1857, the church was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2012, in recognition for the unique interior decorations executed in 1880–81 by John La Farge.
History
The congregation was gathered as Newport's First Congregational Church in 1695 by Rev. Nathaniel Clap, a Harvard College graduate who ministered to the Newport congregation until his death in 1745. The Second Congregational Church of Newport started another congregation in 1735, but the two later reunited. The congregation was active during the American Revolution and both churches' meeting houses were used as barracks and hospitals by the British and French troops in Newport. Dr. Samuel Hopkins was the minister of the church in the late eighteenth century.
As of 2009, the church was pastored by the Reverends Mary Beth Hayes and Nan L. Baker. The church has since closed, and the has undergone renovation to become an events center.
Building
The current building is a Romanesque Revival structure, designed by Joseph C. Wells of New York City and completed in 1857. It is a basically rectangular building, built out of Connecticut brownstone, with two ornately decorated towers. In the 1880s the congregation retained the artist John LaFarge to redecorate its interior. LaFarge had recently completed work on Trinity Church, Boston, and sought to provide a more elaborate interior than he was able to in Boston. He produced twenty stained glass windows and a series of murals, which represent the only fully integrated ecclesiastical interior he produced. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2012.
See also
Clarke Street Meeting House
List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Further reading
External links
Romanesque Revival architecture in Rhode Island
Romanesque Revival church buildings in the United States
United Church of Christ churches in Rhode Island
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Churches completed in 1857
19th-century United Church of Christ church buildings
Churches in Newport, Rhode Island
1695 establishments in Rhode Island
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island
Congregational churches in Rhode Island |
6900598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessos%20Painter | Nessos Painter | The Nessos Painter, also known as Netos or Nettos Painter, was a pioneer of Attic black-figure vase painting. He is considered to be the first Athenian to adopt the Corinthian style who went on to develop his own style and introduced innovations. The Nessos Painter is often known to be one of the original painters of black-figure. He only worked in this style, which is shown on his name vase in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Most of the known Nessos Painter ceramics were found in funerary settings such as cemeteries and mortuaries.
Name vase
On the neck of an amphora in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. The figure is also marked with the name 'Netos', the Attic dialect form of the name Nessos. John D. Beazley, the authority on Attic vase painting, attributed the name 'The Nessos Painter' to this artist. Later, after new finds in Athens and in a cemetery outside the city, paintings of chimera were identified with this painter and Beazley subsequently tried to use the name 'Chimera Painter,' but it failed to find general acceptance. Although many Greek sculptors signed their work on sculpted friezes, pot painters did not often sign their work, remaining unknown until historians such as Beazley produced modern names.
Style and themes
Many of the artist's known works feature characters from Greek myths and legends. On the neck of a Middle Protoattic vase from the 7th century BCE, located in National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. In this depiction Heracles is moving from left to right, opposite the direction that a victor would take, prompting the belief that most of the Nessos Painter vessels are found in funerary settings. The painter's early works are reminiscent of the proto-Corinthianstyle, using space-filling ornamentation like that of the Berlin Painter. The 'Nessos' vase shows the artist establishing a style distinct from the Corinthian style, which at this stage (late 7th century BCE) was marked by clear clay fields and contour drawing. The ornamentation and contour drawing was the critical distinction of the new black-figure style. Most of his work falls in the last quarter of the 7th century, during the transition from the proto-Corinthian to Corinthian. During this time he did not completely abandon contour drawing, but by using two or more etched lines he introduced a new sharpness and suggestion of form - most particularly with curls, feathers and spring designs.
The Nessos Painter also utilized the black-figure style along with artists such as Exekias, and Sophilos. This style may have contributed towards Athenian realism. Black-figure style originated in Corinth, but became very popular among Athenians. Athenian realism may also have begun with black-figure painting. The painting on the Nessos Painter's name vase uses emotions portrayed through the story of Heracles killing Nessos.
According to Martin Robertson, The Nessos Painter is considered by historians to be the essential link between classical Attic vase painting and the new Corinthian style, which uses animal motifs and mythological figures and scenes. It is sparing in its use of white opaque, but often uses red pigment to intensify the red color of the clay. It is theorized by John Boardman that Egyptian figure painting may have influenced the Nessos Painter and his contemporaries, as the Egyptians used white to signify that a face belonged to a female and red to indicate that it belonged to a male. H.H. Scullard argues that Greece did not produce black-figure pottery, contributing to the demand of imported vessels in a style that has become popular among citizens that have traveled to Athens. Neither was Greece known for producing pottery that focused on religious subject matter, making Athens and artists such as the Nessos Painter even more popular among foreign travelers.
Myths of Heracles originated with the Etruscans who were fascinated by the demigod and stories of his travels to the underworld and ascent to Mount Olympus to live with the gods after his death. The myth portrayed on the vessel shows Heracles trying to rescue Deianira from the centaur Nessos whom he shoots with his arrow. The story involves Deianira and Heracles summoning the centaur Nessos to cross the river Evenus in order to escape Oineus who was upset about his murdered nephew. Heracles crosses the river first, leaving Deianira with Nessos who attempts to rape her. Heracles, being so far away can only use his bow and arrow to shoot Nessos. While Nessos lays dying, he offers Deianira some of his blood to use as a love potion for Heracles. Unbeknownst to her, his blood is poisonous. Eventually, Deianira, jealous of Heracles's many sexual conquests, smears Nessos's blood on Heracles's cloak, burning his skin, driving him mad, and killing him. The vessel also has a depiction of Deianira riding away in a chariot with four horses, a scene that occurs after Heracles has saved Deianira and returns to strike the centaur once more to make sure he is dead. This myth was so popular with the Etruscans that they ended up purchasing many vessels depicting the scene.
Another distinctive feature of the Nessos Painter was the scale of some of his work, which reached over a meter in height.
Examples of work
In the name vase amphora depicting Nessos fighting Heracles, the painter utilizes iconography such as a depiction of Heracles with a mustache. This differs from artwork that typically shows Heracles with a beard and his usual attire of a lion skin cloak and lion mask. The names of both Nessos and Heracles are written above them, indicating that either the artist or someone in his workshop was literate. The rest of the scenery features symbols typical for late rosettes. Scholars have noted that the scene may have been depicted under water due to symbols featured above the image - ducks, zig zags, and spirals. The vase's artwork puts an emphasis on Heracles and does not feature Deianira in the center, something that historians such as R.M. Linders believed was done to emphasize Heracles slaying the centaur Nessos. Another rare example of his works would include Attic black-figure Neck Amphora Fragment, discovered in Attica, Greece in about 620 BCE.
References
7th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Anonymous artists of antiquity
People from Attica
Year of birth unknown |
23572164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Grigoryan%20%28footballer%29 | Artur Grigoryan (footballer) | Artur Akopovich Grigoryan (; born 29 January 1985) is a Russian-Armenian former football player.
Club career
Grigoryan previously played for FC Metallurg Lipetsk in the Russian First Division.
External links
1985 births
People from Akhaltsikhe
Georgian people of Armenian descent
Armenian footballers
Footballers from Georgia (country)
Russian sportspeople of Armenian descent
Living people
Russian footballers
Association football forwards
Russian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Montenegro
Expatriate footballers in Belarus
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
FK Bokelj players
FC Metallurg Lipetsk players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
FC Dnepr Mogilev players
FC Dynamo Stavropol players
Belarusian Premier League players |
20465833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20the%20Habit%20%28film%29 | Breaking the Habit (film) | Breaking the Habit is a 1964 American animated short documentary film directed by John Korty about cigarette smoking and lung cancer. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
Content
Two men are discussing about the benefits of giving up smoking, while themselves puffing cigarettes.
Production
Freelance animator Korty moved to Stinson Beach, California, where one day he met sound artist Henry Jacobs who had prepared the soundtrack for a future short film about smoking, sponsored by the California division of American Cancer Society. Korty began work on the film under his own company Korty Films, employing cutout animation, conceptualized the characters and prepared the animation frames in his home studio and finally shooting them using a homemade camera stand. Modern Talking Picture Service distributed the film.
Reception
Described variously as "[d]one in semi-surrealistic style" and having "deadpan dialogue with a minimalist animation style", Breaking the Habit received a nomination at the 37th Academy Awards in the Best Documentary (Short Subject) category but lost to Nine from Little Rock. An article in The Kingston Daily Freeman stated that the film "reveals both the danger and the essential silliness of smoking".
The Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction included Breaking the Habit in its list of prescribed films to be shown in schools to discourage smoking and creating awareness regarding medical issues caused by it. It was also screened at the 1st Chicago Film Festival held in 1965, the following year's Melbourne International Film Festival and won a Silver Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival. The soundtrack of the film was included in the album The Wide Weird World of Henry Jacobs. , the Academy Film Archive was working on restoring the short film.
References
External links
1964 films
1964 documentary films
1964 short films
1960s English-language films
1960s animated short films
1960s short documentary films
American short documentary films
American social guidance and drug education films
Documentary films about cancer
Films directed by John Korty
Smoking cessation
American animated short films
1960s American films |
23572193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Babar%20episodes | List of Babar episodes | This is a complete list of episodes from the original animated television show Babar, which was based on the famous book series for children, Babar the Elephant. The series aired from Sunday, April 2, 1989 to Wednesday, June 5, 1991 on CBC on their CBC Television block (seasons 1-3) and Global TV (seasons 4-5)
Series overview
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan=2| Season
! Episodes
! First aired
! Last aired
! Network
|-
| style="width:5px; background:#81D8D0"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 1 (1989)|1]]
| 13
|
|
| rowspan=3| CBC Television
|-
| bgcolor="FF54C1"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 2 (1989)|2]]
| 13
|
|
|-
| bgcolor="00BB00"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 3 (1990)|3]]
| 13
|
|
|-
| bgcolor="FFFF00"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 4 (1991)|4]]
| 13
|
|
| rowspan=2| Global TV
|-
| bgcolor="8D8DFF"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 5 (1991)|5]]
| 13
|
|
|}
Episodes
Season 1 (1989)
Season 2 (1989)
Season 3 (1990)
Season 4 (1991)
Season 5 (1991)
References
Lists of Canadian children's animated television series episodes |
44496570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo%20de%20Vico | Domingo de Vico | Domingo de Vico was a Spanish Dominican friar during the Spanish conquest of Chiapas and the conquest of Guatemala in the 16th century. He was originally from Jaén. Chronicler Antonio de Remesal recorded that de Vico studied theology in Úbeda and finished his studies in the San Esteban convent in Salamanca.
Domingo de Vico set out from Spain on 9 July 1544 with a group led by Bartolomé de las Casas in an effort to enforce the New Laws that had been issued in 1542 to protect the indigenous inhabitants of the Spanish colonies from overexploitation by the encomenderos. De Vico was the prior of Cobán from 1554 until his death in 1555. He was charged with the evangelisation of the Lakandon and Acala Ch'ol in the unconquered area that was then referred to by the Spanish as the Tierra de Guerra ("Land of War"), and also as Verapaz.
Works
In 1544, Francisco Marroquín, bishop of Guatemala, charged Domingo de Vico with producing a treatise upon Indian idolatry. The work contained instructions to Dominicans upon how to use indigenous beliefs in their sermons in Chiapas and Guatemala. It was entitled Tratado de ídolos ("Treatment of Idols"). His best known written work is his Theologia Indorum, of which eleven copies survive, divided between the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris (5 copies) and the Firestone Library of Princeton University, New Jersey (6 copies). Among the copies in France are translations made in the Tzutuhil, K'iche' and Kaqchikel languages. During his short time in Guatemala before his death, he is believed to have compiled the Vocabulario de la lengua cakchiquel ("Vocabulary of the Kaqchikel language"). De Vico learnt the Ch’ol language and was able to preach to the Lakandon and Acala in their own language.
De Vico wrote some religious poems in Kaqchikel upon the Acts of the Apostles and the Passion of Christ. A work entitled Los Proverbios de Salomón, las Epístolas y los Evangelios de todo el año, en lengua mexicana ("The Proverbs of Solomon, the Epistles and Gospels for the whole year, in the Mexican tongue") was prevented from being published by the Spanish Inquisition.
Death
In 1555, Domingo de Vico and his companion Andrés López were killed by the Acala and their Lakandon allies. De Vico, who had established a small missionary church in San Marcos (in what is now Alta Verapaz, Guatemala), had offended the local Maya ruler by repeatedly scolding him for taking several wives. The indigenous leader shot the friar through the throat with an arrow; the angry natives then sacrificed him by cutting open his chest and extracting his heart. His corpse was then decapitated; the natives carried off his head as a trophy, which was never recovered by the Spanish. In retaliation, the Spanish rounded up 260 Ch'ol in 1559, hanged 80 and branded the rest as slaves.
Citations
References
External links
Digital copy of Domingo de Vico's Latin and K'iche' text Teologia Indorum at Princeton University Digital Library.
16th-century Spanish people
Spanish Dominicans
1555 deaths
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century Spanish writers
16th-century male writers
16th-century Mesoamericanists
Roman Catholic writers
Spanish Mesoamericanists
People from Jaén, Spain
16th century in Guatemala
16th century in the Maya civilization |
17328790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Rain | In the Rain | "In the Rain" is a 1972 soul single, written by Tony Hester. It was released in February 1972 by American the vocal group, The Dramatics, from their first album, Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get. The track is notable for its use of sounds of rain and thunder, first heard before the song's introduction, then throughout the instrumental and chorus sections.
Chart performance
"In the Rain" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and spent four weeks at No. 1 on the Best Selling Soul Singles chart. It sold over one million copies and is the group's biggest hit. Billboard ranked it as the No. 53 song for 1972.
Song background
The song's lyrics state that, because of a broken love relationship, the singer wants to go out and stand in the rain so that no one can see him cry.
"Once the rain starts falling on my face,
You won't see a single trace,
Of the tears I'm crying,
Because of you I'm crying.
Don't want you to see me cry.
Let me go, Let me go
Let me go!"
Chart positions
Cover versions
Keith Sweat, on his 1987 album Make It Last Forever.
The R&B group Xscape, in 1997, from the soundtrack of Love Jones starring Larenz Tate and Nia Long.
The smooth jazz artist Boney James, featuring Dwele, on the Shine album in 2006.
Sampling
The song has been sampled by many hip hop artists such as Wu-Tang Clan, Jadakiss, Big L, and Lil Wayne. As of 2022, music data website WhoSampled lists that it has used in sampling over 90 times.
See also
List of number-one R&B singles of 1972 (U.S.)
References
External links
1971 songs
1972 singles
The Dramatics songs
Stax Records singles |
20465858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20E.%20David%20Jr. | Edward E. David Jr. | Edward Emil "Ed" David Jr. (January 25, 1925 – February 13, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who served as science advisor to President Richard M. Nixon and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology from 1970 to 1973.
Early life and education
David was born in Wilmington, North Carolina on January 25, 1925. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the Georgia Tech, followed by a Master of Science and Doctor of Science in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1947.
Career
He took a job with Bell Telephone Laboratories and worked there from 1950 to 1970, eventually becoming executive director for communications research. Following the resignation of Lee A. DuBridge, David was appointed as Richard Nixon's science advisor. David resigned in 1973, citing "disappointment that his advice had not been heeded." He then took a position as executive vice president of R&D and planning at Gould Electronics from 1973 to 1977.
He founded consulting group EED, Inc. in 1977, advising industry, government, and universities on technology, research, and innovation management. He was the president of research and engineering at Exxon from 1977 to 1986. In 1983, he was awarded the IRI Medal from the Industrial Research Institute in recognition for his leadership contributions. He joined the Washington Advisory Group in 1997, serving as treasurer until 2004. He also served as director of Ronson.
David was elected to both the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. In 1970 he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 1974, he was elected to the MIT Corporation and as a life member. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1979. He was awarded The Delmer S. Fahrney Medal in 1985.
David was also active in public service to his adopted state, serving on the board of the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology (NJCST) alongside William O. Baker, his former vice president at Bell Labs. In 1982, while still at Exxon, David was appointed by Governor Thomas Kean to the governor's study commission that led to formation of the NJCST. Once the NJCST became a statutory agency with responsibility for the state's programs in science & technology-based economic development in 1985, David was re-appointed to its board and served as chair of its budget committee. During this period, he also chaired the Governor's Roundtable on (High-Temperature) Superconductivity, which was staffed by the NJCST. He left the NJCST board in 1990.
In 2012, David was a co-signatory of an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal questioning the scientific consensus on global warming.
Death
David died at his home in Bedminster, New Jersey on February 13, 2017, aged 92.
References
External links
Edward E. David via Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Dr. Edward E. David, Jr. via Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
Edward E. David Jr. via MIT Corporation
Biography of Edward E. David Jr. from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
1925 births
2017 deaths
American electrical engineers
Engineers from New Jersey
Engineers from North Carolina
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Nixon administration personnel
Office of Science and Technology Policy officials
People from Bedminster, New Jersey
People from Wilmington, North Carolina
Members of the American Philosophical Society |
23572200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight%20Night%20%281985%20video%20game%29 | Fight Night (1985 video game) | Fight Night is a boxing video game developed by Sydney Development Corporation and published by Accolade in the United States and by U.S. Gold in the United Kingdom. It was initially released in 1985 for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit family, and Commodore 64. The game includes both a single player mode and multiplayer mode. It includes the ability to customize the player's boxer. In total, there are five boxers to beat.
The Atari 8-bit version was republished on cartridge by Atari Corporation in 1987, after the release of the Atari XEGS. It was followed by an Atari 7800 port in 1988.
Reception
Rick Teverbaugh reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "The game could have been much better. The graphics are good and it is possible to create your own characters and save them to disk for future use. My only question is why would you want to?"
Fight Night was Accolade's third best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987.
Antic described the Atari 8-bit version as "entertaining, frustrating and not just a bit silly (which is one of its strengths)". The magazine concluded that "Fight Night'''s primary function is to involve you and make you laugh, not to precisely mimic the action in a boxing ring. It de-brutalizes the sport, which is a point in its favor". Computer and Video Games'' rated the 7800 version 80% in 1989.
References
External links
Fight Night at Atari Mania
1985 video games
Accolade (company) games
Apple II games
Atari 7800 games
Atari 8-bit family games
Commodore 64 games
Fighting games
Video games developed in Canada
Multiplayer and single-player video games
U.S. Gold games
Sydney Development Corporation games |
23572211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata%20Steel%20United%20F.C. | Tata Steel United F.C. | Tata Steel United F.C. (formerly Tata Steel F.C, Corus Steel F.C, British Steel (Port Talbot) F.C.) is a football club from Port Talbot. They currently play in the South Wales Alliance League Second Division.
History
The club played in the South Wales Amateur League as British Steel (Port Talbot) before changing its name in 2003 to Corus Steel. The following year the club finished runners-up in Division 1 - and followed this up again with another second-place finish in 2005–06. In the 2008–09 season they improved on this, winning promotion to the Welsh Football League Division Three as champions. In 2010–11 the club finished as runner-up, winning promotion to the Welsh Football League Division Two.
In the 2011–12 season the club changed its name to Tata Steel F.C. following the purchase of the company by Tata Steel. The team finished second, again sealing promotion to Welsh Football League Division One, the second tier of the Welsh football league system. After two poor seasons (where they finished 14th in each season from 15 or 16 club divisions), at the end of the second season they were relegated to Division 2.
The club folded in 2016, but was reformed as Tata Steel United F.C. in 2016.
At the end of the 2018–19 season the club won promotion from the Port Talbot Football League Premier Division to the South Wales Alliance League through the play-offs.
See also
Jamshedpur FC, a football club in India which is also owned by Tata Steel
Honours
Welsh Football League Division Two – Runners-Up: 2011–12
Welsh Football League Division Three – Runners-Up: 2010–11
South Wales Amateur League Division One – Champions: 2008–09
South Wales Amateur League Division One – Runners-up: 2004–05; 2005–06
Port Talbot Football League Premier Division – Champions: 2018–19
References
External links
Tata Steel United F.C. official website
Association football clubs established in 1954
Football clubs in Wales
1954 establishments in Wales
Sport in Port Talbot
Welsh Football League clubs
South Wales Alliance League clubs
Port Talbot Football League clubs
South Wales Amateur League clubs
Works association football teams in Wales |
20465872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA%20Games | CANUSA Games | The CANUSA Games are an annual contest, primarily for athletes age 18 and under, between the sister cities of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Flint, Michigan, United States. The Games are the longest-running amateur sports competition in North America. The games are held in alternate locations, with Hamilton, Ontario, hosting in odd-numbered years.
History
As a result of the Flint Olympian Games held in Flint, Michigan, in July 1957, the Flint officials of the Games wanted a city, of similar size and population, to compete with on a yearly basis. Hamilton was selected, which birthed the "CANUSA" games, whose name was derived from combining the names Canada and United States - CAN/USA.
The Games began in August 1958, and consisted of 200 athletes (from each city) competing in seven different sports. The Games have grown considerably, which is supported by the more than 1,600 athletes from each city competing in 17 different competitive sports, including basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball, darts, golf, track and field, swimming and ice hockey. An estimated 25,000 people have participated in the games in their 50 years.
Opening Ceremonies
The Opening Ceremonies of the CANUSA Games are arguably the most highlighted piece of the weekend. One of these highlights is most certainly the running relay which covers the distance between Flint and Hamilton - 245 miles. Departing the night before from the visiting city, relay runners carry the torch over the border, which is one of the longest international runs in all of North America. The torch is run into the venue in which the opening ceremonies are held, which represents the official start of the Games.
To symbolize the relationship between the sister cities, the national anthems (from both nations) are sung by everyone present at the Opening Ceremonies. The Friendship Trophy is also given by the Mayor of the host city to the Mayor of the visiting city as a symbol of friendship and peace. The Games take the true meaning of friendship to task as each year the visiting country's athletes "billet" or reside with their counterparts during the entire weekend beyond competition. It is considered the signature of the Game's existence.
Editions
References
Canada–United States relations
Multi-sport events in Canada
Multi-sport events in the United States
North American international sports competitions
Recurring sporting events established in 1958
Sport in Hamilton, Ontario
Sports in Flint, Michigan
Tourist attractions in Genesee County, Michigan |
23572237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jairo%20Neira | Jairo Neira | Jairo Neira (born 1987) is a Chilean footballer and his position is midfielder.
References
BDFA profile
1987 births
Living people
Chilean footballers
C.D. Arturo Fernández Vial footballers
Universidad de Concepción footballers
Curicó Unido footballers
Association football midfielders
Chilean Primera División players
Primera B de Chile players
Expatriate footballers in Paraguay |
20465873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission ('Imperial Trade Union Commission', often referred to as the Vienna Commission) was a trade union centre in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary. The Vienna Commission was formed in December 1893. Anton Hueber was the head of the Commission.
In 1928, the organisation was refounded as the Federation of Free Trade Unions in Austria, on an industrial union basis.
See also
Independent Social Democratic Party (Czech Lands)
References
Trade unions in Austria-Hungary
National federations of trade unions
Trade unions established in 1893
1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Trade unions disestablished in 1928 |
23572243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Courtney | Neil Courtney | Neil Courtney (born 13 September 1956) is an English former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Bury RUFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, and at club level for Higginshaw ARLFC (in Higginshaw, Oldham), St. Helens, Warrington (Heritage № 804) and Wigan (Heritage № 805), as a or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums.
Background
Neil Courtney was born in Leigh, Lancashire, England.
Playing career
International honours
Neil Courtney won a cap for Great Britain (RL) while at Warrington in 1982 against Australia (interchange/substitute).
Challenge Cup Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Wigan's 28-24 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1985 Challenge Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1985.
County Cup Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Warrington's 26-10 victory over Wigan in the 1980 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1980–81 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens, on Saturday 4 October 1980, played left- in the 16-0 victory over St. Helens in the 1982 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1982–83 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 23 October 1982, and played left- in Wigan's 18-26 defeat by St. Helens in the 1984 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Central Park, Wigan on Sunday 28 October 1984.
John Player Trophy Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Warrington's 12-5 victory over Barrow in the 1980–81 John Player Trophy Final during the 1980–81 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 24 January 1981.
Club career
Neil Courtney signed for St. Helens on 21 November 1974, he made his début for St. Helens as an interchange/substitute in the 10-9 victory over York at Clarence Street, York on Sunday 6 April 1975, he made his starting début for St. Helens in the 22-31 defeat by Wales in the testimonial friendly at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Sunday 20 April 1975, he made his competitive starting début for St. Helens in the 15-29 defeat by Featherstone Rovers at Post Office Road, Featherstone on Sunday 5 October 1975, he played his last match for St. Helens in the 21-25 defeat by Salford at The Willows, Salford on Friday 7 September 1979, he made his début for Warrington on Wednesday 26 September 1979, and he played his last match for Warrington on Sunday 9 October 1983, he made his début for Wigan as an interchange/substitute in the 10-22 defeat by Fulham RLFC at Craven Cottage, Fulham on 19 February 1984, he scored his only try for Wigan in the 18-36 defeat by Leeds at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on 31 March 1985, and he played his last match for Wigan as an interchange/substitute in the 14-8 victory over New Zealand in the 1985 New Zealand tour of England and France match at Central Park, Wigan on 6 October 1985.
References
External links
!Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England)
Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com
Statistics at wolvesplayers.thisiswarrington.co.uk
Profile at saints.org.uk
1956 births
Living people
English rugby league players
English rugby union players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Rugby league players from Leigh, Greater Manchester
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby union players from Leigh, Greater Manchester
St Helens R.F.C. players
Warrington Wolves players
Wigan Warriors players |
44496584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accursio%20Bentivegna | Accursio Bentivegna | Accursio Bentivegna (born 21 June 1996) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Juve Stabia.
Club career
Born in Sciacca, Province of Agrigento, Sicily, Bentivegna started his career at Palermo, playing for their Primavera side. He made his Serie A debut for Palermo against Sampdoria as a substitute replacing Franco Vázquez. On 31 August 2014, he moved to Como on loan. He scored his first goal for Como on 27 October 2015, in a 3−1 defeat against Cesena. After scarcely playing for Palermo's first team, he was loaned out to Serie B club Ascoli in January 2017.
On 18 September 2020, he joined Juve Stabia. On 7 January 2021, he was loaned to Imolese.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Profile at Palermo F.C.
1996 births
Living people
People from Sciacca
Sportspeople from the Province of Agrigento
Footballers from Sicily
Italian footballers
Association football forwards
Palermo F.C. players
Como 1907 players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
Carrarese Calcio players
S.S. Juve Stabia players
Imolese Calcio 1919 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Italy youth international footballers |
20465883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Michael%20W%C3%A4chter | Johann Michael Wächter | Johann Michael Wächter (2 March 1794 – 26 May 1853) was an Austrian bass-baritone most famous for appearing in the operas of Richard Wagner.
Born in Rappersdorf in Austria, Wächter sang in various church choirs in Vienna, making his stage début in 1819 at Graz as Don Giovanni in Mozart's Don Giovanni. He also appeared at Bratislava, Vienna and Berlin. In 1827 he joined the Dresden Hofoper, where he remained for the rest of his career. Here his roles included Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, and he sang in three Wagner premières, playing Orsini in Rienzi in 1842, the title role in Der fliegende Holländer in 1843, and Biterolf in Tannhäuser in 1845.
Hector Berlioz, who heard The Flying Dutchman in Dresden, considered Wächter's baritone ‘...one of the finest I have ever heard, and he uses it like a consummate singer. It is of that rich and vibrant timbre that has such a wonderful power of expression, provided that the artist sings with soul and feeling, which Wächter does to a high degree’.
Wächter, an old friend of Wagner's, was not equal to the demanding role of the Dutchman. Wagner later wrote:
"His total incapacity in the difficult role of my spectral, suffering mariner dawned on Schröder-Devrient unfortunately only after the rehearsals were too far along to make any change. Wächter's distressing corpulence, particularly his broad, round face and the curious way he moved his arms and legs like shrivelled stumps, sent my Senta in transports of despair."
His wife, the mezzo-soprano Thérèse Wächter-Wittman (31 August 1802 in Vienna – 3 October 1879 in Dresden), also sang at Dresden, creating the role of Mary in The Flying Dutchman. Wächter died in Dresden in 1853.
References
External links
Wächter in the first performance of Tannhäuser
Wächter in the first performance of Der fliegende Holländer
1794 births
1853 deaths
Operatic bass-baritones
19th-century Austrian male opera singers |
20465886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20P%C3%A9ri | La Péri | La Péri is the title of two ballets:
La Péri (Burgmüller), by Friedrich Burgmüller, Jean Coralli, and Théophile Gautier, first performed in 1843
La Péri (Dukas), by Paul Dukas and Ivan Clustine, first performed in 1912 |
23572264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemaka | Hemaka | Hemaka was an important official during the long reign of the First Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Den. Radiocarbon dating research undertaken during the 1950s suggested a date for Hemaka lifetime ca. 3100 BC.
One of Hemaka's titles was that of "seal-bearer of the king of Lower Egypt", effectively making him chancellor and second in power only to the king.
The tomb of Hemaka is larger than the king's own tomb, and for years was mistakenly thought of as belonging to Den. It was first excavated by Cecil Mallaby Firth in 1931 and work was continued under the supervision of Walter Bryan Emery starting in 1936.
This tomb, located in the northern part of Saqqara, contained many grave goods from this era, including numerous what appear to be gaming discs and a circular wooden box containing the earliest surviving piece of papyrus. The wealth of goods from this tomb as well as those of other officials from this time are thought to reflect the relative prosperity of Den's reign.
As seen from inscriptions on pottery seals, Hemaka was also responsible for maintaining one of the royal domains of king Den, a farm or vineyard for express use of the royal family and later to support the king's funerary cult. It seems likely that he began his service to the king in this position, succeeding to governing other domains until he rose to the position of chancellor.
See also
List of ancient Egyptians
References
31st-century BC Egyptian people
People of the First Dynasty of Egypt
Den (pharaoh) |
20465891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revati%20%28disambiguation%29 | Revati (disambiguation) | Revati in Hinduism, is the daughter of King Kakudmi and the wife of Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna.
Revati may also refer to:
Revati (raga), a musical scale Carnatic music
Revati (nakshatra), nakshatra or lunar mansion in Vedic astrology, referring to the multiple star system Zeta Piscium
Revati (film), a 2005 Indian film
Revathi Pattathanam, an annual assembly of scholars held in Kerala, India
Revathi (born 1966), award-winning South Indian actress
Revathi Sankaran, Tamil television personality / actress
Revati, the proper name of the brightest component of the multiple star system Zeta Piscium
See also |
20465904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20Without | Children Without | Children Without is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim, about a young girl and her brother growing up in the housing projects of Detroit. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, losing to another film by Guggenheim, Nine from Little Rock. Children Without was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2016.
See also
List of American films of 1964
References
External links
1964 films
1964 documentary films
1964 short films
1960s English-language films
1960s short documentary films
Films directed by Charles Guggenheim
Documentary films about children
Films set in Detroit
American short documentary films
1960s American films |
20465921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer.
History
Sick animals have long been recognized by farmers as having different behavior. Initially it was thought that this was due to physical weakness that resulted from diverting energy to the body processes needed to fight infection. However, in the 1960s, it was shown that animals produced a blood-carried factor X that acted upon the brain to cause sickness behavior. In 1987, Benjamin L. Hart brought together a variety of research findings that argued for them being survival adaptations that if prevented would disadvantage an animal's ability to fight infection. In the 1980s, the blood-borne factor was shown to be proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated leukocytes in the immune system in response to lipopolysaccharides (a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria). These cytokines acted by various humoral and nerve routes upon the hypothalamus and other areas of the brain. Further research showed that the brain can also learn to control the various components of sickness behavior independently of immune activation..
In 2015, Shakhar and Shakhar suggested instead that sickness behavior developed primarily because it protected the kin of infected animals from transmissible diseases. According to this theory, termed the Eyam hypothesis, after the English Parish of Eyam, sickness behavior protects the social group of infected individuals by limiting their direct contacts, preventing them from contaminating the environment, and broadcasting their health status. Kin selection would help promote such behaviors through evolution. In a highly prosocial species like humans, however, sickness behavior may act as a signal to motivate others to help and care for the sick individual.
Advantages
General advantage
Sickness behavior in its different aspects causes an animal to limit its movement; the metabolic energy not expended in activity is diverted to the fever responses, which involves raising body temperature. This also limits an animal's exposure to predators while it is cognitively and physically impaired.
Specific advantages
The individual components of sickness behavior have specific individual advantages. Anorexia limits food ingestion and therefore reduces the availability of iron in the gut (and from gut absorption). Iron may aid bacterial reproduction, so its reduction is useful during sickness. Plasma concentrations of iron are lowered for this anti-bacterial reason in fever. Lowered threshold for pain ensures that an animal is attentive that it does not place pressure on injured and inflamed tissues that might disrupt their healing. Reduced grooming is adaptive since it reduces water loss.
Inclusive fitness advantages
According to the 'Eyam hypothesis', sickness behavior, by promoting immobility and social disinterest, limits the direct contacts of individuals with their relatives. By reducing eating and drinking, it limits diarrhea and defecation, reducing environmental contamination. By reducing self-grooming and changing stance, gait and vocalization, it also signals poor health to kin. All in all, sickness behavior reduces the rate of further infection, a trait that is likely propagated by kin selection.
Social advantage
Humans helped each other in case of sickness or injury throughout their hunter-gatherer past and afterwards. Convincing others of being badly in need of relief, assistance, and care heightened the chance of survival of the sick individual. High direct costs, such as energy spent on fever and potential harm caused by high body temperatures, and high opportunity costs, as caused by inactivity, social disinterest, and lack of appetite, make sickness behavior a highly costly and therefore credible signal of need.
Immune control
Lipopolysaccharides trigger the immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These peripherally released cytokines act on the brain via a fast transmission pathway involving primary input through the vagus nerves, and a slow transmission pathway involving cytokines originating from the choroid plexus and circumventricular organs and diffusing into the brain parenchyma by volume transmission. Peripheral cytokines are capable of entering the brain directly but are large lipophilic polypeptide proteins that generally do not easily passively diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. They may also induce the expression of other cytokines in the brain that cause sickness behavior. Acute psychosocial stress enhances the ability of an immune response to trigger both inflammation and behavioral sickness.
Behavioral conditioning
The components of sickness behavior can be learned by conditional association. For example, if a saccharin solution is given with a chemical that triggers a particular aspect of sickness behavior, on later occasions the saccharin solution will trigger it by itself.
Medical conditions
Depression
It has been proposed that major depressive disorder is nearly identical with sickness behavior, raising the possibility that it is a maladaptive manifestation of sickness behavior due to abnormalities in circulating cytokines. Moreover, chronic, but not acute, treatment with antidepressant drugs was found to attenuate sickness behavior symptoms in rodents. The mood effects caused by interleukin-6 following an immune response have been linked to increased activity within the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, an area involved in the etiology of depression. Inflammation-associated mood change can also produce a reduction in the functional connectivity of this part of the brain to the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and superior temporal sulcus.
Cancer side effect
In cancer, both the disease and the chemotherapy treatment can cause proinflammatory cytokine release which can cause sickness behavior as a side effect.
See also
Evolutionary medicine
Proinflammatory cytokines
References
Symptoms
Evolutionary biology
Cytokines |
17328792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20School%2C%20Bangalore | Christ School, Bangalore | Christ School in Bangalore, India is an educational institution run by the Catholic Minority Community with all the rights and privileges granted by the Constitution of India and recognized but un-aided by the Department of Education of Karnataka State. It is run by the fathers of the Congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI) in the Catholic Church through a Registered Body - "Christian Educational Society of Bangalore".
The school, with a roll of 3267, is reputed to be one of the largest schools in India. It is associated with Christ University, another CMI institution in Bangalore. The school attracts some of the best faculty given the rich academic and co-curricular environment that prevails in the institution.
The school imparts education to students from Kindergarten to Std X in English medium, across the ICSE, CBSE and the State Boards. It is open to all irrespective of religion, caste or community.
In honor of the founding father of the CMIs who run the school, the school has a week-long celebration called The Chavara Cultural Festival and Inter School Tournament, to which all the schools in the city are invited.
The school conducts flagship events such as the Annual Science Exhibition and provides state-of-the-art facilities in their laboratories (including their Robotics lab). In addition, the students of Christ School regularly participate in multiple Olympiad contests, both at the State and at the National level.
Moral and religious instructions are also part and parcel of the curriculum. There is an Ecumenical Prayer Room for the children of all religions to meet and pray. Once in a month there is general prayer service for all non-Catholics (who form the majority) and a Catholic mass for the others.
The school owns a fleet of buses for transporting students from different parts of Bangalore.
Programs
The school has a numerous events throughout. In 2016, for commemorating Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing, Japanese people were invited and a Skype call was held to interact with the Japanese. There is an Annual Day held every year usually in February.
Management
The school is presently being run by Fr. Nilson until 2024. The principals were:
*Note: The year of end of service is calculated per academic year that is June-March.
External links
Carmelite educational institutions
Catholic secondary schools in India
Christian schools in Karnataka
Primary schools in Karnataka
High schools and secondary schools in Bangalore |
17328799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20School | Christ School | Christ School may refer to:
Christ School (North Carolina), Arden, North Carolina, USA
Christ School, Bangalore, Bangalore, India |
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