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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Carlos Alberto Penachio (28 February 1946 – 10 November 2017), better known as Penachio, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a defender.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Penachio was successful when playing for São Paulo with the world champion Hilderaldo Bellini. In 1968, both players were transferred to Atlético Paranaense.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He ended his career in 1971, at AA Mercedes-Benz, when he began working at the company as a production technician.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Died due to respiratory problems, 10 November 2017, in São Bernardo do Campo.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Colonel Manuel dos Santos, also known as 'Commandante Manecas', is a Bissau-Guinean politician from PAIGC.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born as Manuel Maria Monteiro Santos in São Vicente, Cape Verde, on 30 October 1942. He was recruited in 1957 as a member of PAIGC. He was trained in military academies in Cuba and USSR, and became artillery commander in the war for independence. He led the group of guerrillas who used Strella anti-aircraft missiles against the Portuguese aircraft.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the independent Guinea-Bissau, Manecas served in different governmental positions including minister of transport and tourism in 1978 and minister of information and telecommunication, minister of social infrastructure, minister of the economy and finance, and minister of natural resources and industry.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Eventhough fellow Cape Verdean Luís Cabral was ousted in the 1980 coup, Manecas remained in Guinea-Bissau and its politics. He was a close associate of João Bernardo Vieira, who lead the 1980 coup. Manecas was appointed Second Vice President from April 1987 to June 1989. He was the minister of finance from 1990 until 1991 or 1992.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the 2005 re-election of João Bernardo Vieira as president, Manecas resumed his business activities. In March 2011, he was appointment as ambassador to Angola. After the 2012 coup d'état, Manecas was appointed as ambassador to the United Nations.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Palestine–Qatar relations refer to foreign relations between Qatar and the State of Palestine. The State of Palestine has an embassy in Doha, Qatar. Munir Abdullah Ghannam is the ambassador of Palestine to Qatar. Mohamed Al-Emadi is the ambassador of Qatar to Palestine.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Qatar and Palestine Liberation Organization declined during the First Gulf War in the early 1990s due to the PLO supporting Iraq.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2006, after the election of Hamas in Gaza both Turkey and Qatar claimed Hamas to be a legitimate government. This drew both countries closer on the Palestine issue.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Qatar severed diplomatic ties with Israel in 2009 due to Operation Cast Lead. It had established ties in 1996. In 2010, Qatar twice offered to restore trade relations with Israel and allow the reinstatement of the Israeli mission in Doha, on the condition that Israel allow Qatar to send building materials and money to Gaza to help rehabilitate infrastructure, and that Israel make a public statement expressing appreciation for Qatar's role and acknowledging its standing in the Middle East. Israel refused on the grounds that Qatari supplies could be used by Hamas to build bunkers and reinforced positions from which to fire rockets at Israeli cities and towns, and that Israel did not want to get involved in the competition between Qatar and Egypt over the Middle East mediation. However, Qatar did mediation talks with Hamas and Israeli officials. Khaled Mashal lobbied Hamas to move closer towards Qatar.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2012, Hamas opened a political office in Qatar. It provides a US$30 million stipend to Gaza which pays for fuel and salaries for civil servants. Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, visited Gaza in 2012. It pays Hamas US$1 billion a year. Arrangements exist between Qatar and Israel for aid to Palestinians in Gaza supported by the United States.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 9 March 2015, Qatar's ambassador to Gaza reportedly sought direct approval from Israel to import construction material into the Gaza Strip after Egypt had refused to allow the Qatari delegation through the Rafah border crossing. The Palestinian Authority and Fatah lashed out at Qatar, condemning their efforts to engage in direct communication with Israel. Jihad Harb, a political analyst and author, claimed that Qatar \"might assume the role of mediator between Gaza and Israel, thus usurping the roles of the PA and Egypt.\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In January 2017, the Qatar Committee for the Reconstruction of Gaza of Qatar announced plans to build an embassy in Gaza.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In December 2018, Israel permitted a €13 million payment from Qatar to Gazan workers as part of a six monthly payment to help with humanitarian crisis in the Gaza region. There have been frequent talks between Israel and Qatar on matters relating to Gaza since 2014 via Qatar's envoy to Gaza Mohammed al-Emadi who has been in regular contact with Israel.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Qatar hosted the chiefs of Central Intelligence Agency and Mossad during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war to negotiate the release of hostages from Hamas. In November 2023, Israeli solders graffitied the consulate of Qatar in Gaza with the Star of David. The consulate building was heavily damaged in the conflict. The headquarters of the Qatar Committee for the Reconstruction of Gaza of Qatar was targeted in Gaza by Israel. This was condemned by Oman.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) is an organic compound which is derived from pentaerythritol fully esterified with four equivalents of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. It is a liquid at room temperature.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) is a common thiol monomer reacted with alkenes in the thiol-ene reaction to form polymeric networks. Being functionalized with four thiol groups, it can react with multifunctional alkenes to form thiol-ene networks.", "title": "Uses" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shaukat Ali Rakhshani (Urdu: شوکت علی رخشانی, born 4 August 1969), has been Justice of Balochistan High Court (BHC) since 7 July 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born on 4 August 1969, in Quetta, Balochistan, Rakhshani hails from Dalbandin, Chagai District. His father, Muhammad Shafi Rakhshani, was a distinguished Advocate who held key positions such as Advocate General Balochistan, Deputy Attorney General Pakistan, and Deputy Prosecutor General (NAB).", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rakhshani completed his early education at St. Francis' Grammar School, matriculating in 1984. After F.Sc and graduation, he pursued LL.B at University Law College Quetta, earning distinction in 1990. He undertook a Refresher Course from Federal Judicial Academy in 1995.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Enrolling as an Advocate in 1991, he later became an Advocate High Court in 1993 and an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) in 2008.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Throughout his career, he held various roles in legal associations, including Joint Secretary of Balochistan Bar Association and leadership positions in the High Court Bar Association, Balochistan.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Rakhshani handled high-profile criminal cases in the BHC and the SCP, specializing in murder, NAB, Control of Narcotics Substance, and Constitutional Petitions. He served as Judge, Anti-Terrorism Court, Quetta, from 2002 to 2005.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Beyond his judicial career, he served as an advisor to Askari Bank, Special Prosecutor Customs and Taxation Balochistan, and counsel for the Speaker, Provincial Assembly of Balochistan. He also lectured on criminal law at various law colleges.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Appointed as a Judge of the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan on 3 February 2018, Rakhshani became an Additional Judge of the BHC on 7 July 2022, later confirmed as a Judge on 27 June 2023.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chris Mrs. is a 2023 musical with music, lyrics, and book by Matthew Stodolak and Katie Kerr. The musical is set around Christmas, and is based on Hallmark Channel Christmas-themed films.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2020, Matthew Stodolak and Katie Kerr developed the project aiming to make Chris Mrs. a movie. A Kickstarter campaign was created as a fundraiser for the project, with Chilina Kennedy and Danielle Wade performing sample songs.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The musical had its world premiere at the Winter Garden Theatre in Toronto, with previews beginning on December 5, 2023, and an official opening night on December 7. The production was directed by Katie Kerr and choreographed by Sarah Vance. The cast included Liam Tobin, AJ Bridel, Danielle Wade, and Olivia Sinclair-Brisbane. The musical will close on December 31, 2023. The production received positive reviews from critics.", "title": "Production history" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A kalandologion (Greek καλανδολόγιον, 'almanac'; plural kalandologia) is a type of omen text that purports to predict the effects of the beginning of the year falling on a certain day of the week or in a certain sign of the zodiac. The predictions are meteorological, agricultural, epidemiological, social and political. Kalandologia are found in Greek, Syriac, Mandaic, Ethiopic, Latin, Coptic and Arabic. Before the end of the Middle Ages versions had appeared in many western vernaculars.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The origins of the genre are unclear. Attempts have been made to trace it back to Babylonian astrology or Hellenistic astrology. It is certainly ancient. The Jewish Treatise of Shem probably dates to the first century AD. In the Christian tradition, these texts are most commonly attributed to Ezra. John of Nikiu, writing in Egypt in the sixth century, attests that many Christians used a kalandologion attributed to Ezra. In his Canons, written early in the eighth century, Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople condemns their use, calling them \"unclean\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At least three distinct Greek kalandologia survive. The Latin version is known as the Revelatio Esdrae. Its earliest manuscript is from the ninth century. Although usually attributed to Ezra, there is a version misattributed to Bede. The Syriac and Arabic versions are attributed to Daniel and are known from tenth-century manuscripts. In English versions, the name of Ezra has been corruped to \"Erra Pater\". Vernacular versions attributed to Ezra are known from Old Occitan, Italian, Dutch, German and Czech. The Old French versions, including an Anglo-Norman one that begins the year on Christmas rather than 1 January, are usually attributed to Ezekiel. Many Greek copies are anonymous. The Coptic kalandologion regards the start of the year for prognostic purposes as the sixth of Ṭūba, which corresponded to the first (or kalends) of January, the start of the year in the Roman Empire.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Trinitarian Church of Lima (Spanish: Iglesia y Monasterio de las Trinitarias) is a Catholic church and monastery in the colonial area of the neighbourhood of Barrios Altos in Lima, Peru. Located in the corner of Áncash and Paruro streets, it was built in a baroque and neoclassical style in 1722.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Before the church, the land was occupied by the Beaterio de las Trinitarias, which became a convent. The church originated as part of that monastery and was completed in 1722. There are indications that Bernardo de Gurmendi financed the construction of the temple.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On Palm Sundays, a procession with various religious images that the temple houses starts from this church.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Of baroque and neoclassical styles, the church has a plan in the shape of a Latin cross, without niche chapels and with a transept. Its roof is made up of a barrel vault and a dome over the transept. The imafront is composed of the foot façade and two bell towers, which are tall, slender and symmetrical.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On the pendentives of the dome there are paintings of the four evangelists. The temple also has works such as the Coronation of the Virgin, Saint Joseph, the Virgin of Carmen, the Captive Nazarene Jesus and the Lord of the Reed, an effigy from the 17th century.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Misfat Al Abriyeen or Misfah al Abriyyin (Arabic: مسفاة العبريين, romanized: msfāة ālʿbryyn) is a village in the wilayah of Al Hamra in Oman.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Located in an oasis at 900 m a.s.l. in the Western Hajar mountains, it has an extensive falaj water canalization system which dates back more than 2000 years. It is still in use nowadays to supply the village with water from a local spring, and to irrigate the terraced fields where crops such as mangoes, pomegranates, figs, and olives are grown.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The settlement is perched on a rock, which acts as a natural fortification, and is characterized by narrow stone-paved roads and houses built with mud, stone and sarooj. Several of the buildings that are still standing date back more than 200 years. Its architectural style has been described as similar to that of the Yemeni highlands.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The village has undergone significant restoration work in the past years, with the creation of new hotels and heritage houses, and has been placed in the Best Tourism Villages list by the World Tourism Organization in 2021.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The valley of Wadi Al-Saq can be reached from the village, and is a tourist destination for hiking and trekking. From Misfat departs the trekking route W9 along an ancient donkey path, leading to the junction with W8 to Bilad Sayt and W10 to Sharaf Al Alamayn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "As of 2020, the village counted 962 inhabitants. Of these, 901 were Omani nationals and 61 foreign residents (6.3%). 39.2% of the inhabitants (377) were 14 years old or younger, while only 44 residents (4.6%) were 65 or older. Most of the inhabitants are of Bedouin descent.", "title": "Population" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The following is a list of the mayors of Peoria, Arizona.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The mayor of Peoria is elected at-large for a four-year term, which was an amendment to the City Charter approved by voters on March 11, 1997. They can serve up to two consecutive terms, but there is no limit on non-consecutive terms.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nietzsche, se créer liberté (lit. 'Nietzsche, creating oneself freedom') is a comic book by Maximilien Le Roy. It is a biography of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, following his life from childhood until his death. It is based on an unfilmed screenplay by Michel Onfray. The comic book was published by Le Lombard in March 2010.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nietzsche, se créer liberté is based on L'Innocence du devenir, a script by Michel Onfray, originally written for an unrealised film about the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Maximilien Le Roy, aged 24 at the time Nietzsche, se créer liberté was published, had become interested in Nietzsche a few years earlier and considered making a comic book based on Thus Spoke Zarathustra, but decided the project was too advanced. He encountered Onfray's text and made some sketches based on it that he sent to Onfray for approval, before he adapted it into a comic book. The book was finished and published about a year and a half later. The drawing style was inspired by paintings by Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne, as part of an ambition to express Nietzsche's personality through images and to avoid a heaviness Le Roy associates with Franco-Belgian comics.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The book portrays Nietzsche from childhood to old age. It covers his rebellion from his family's wish that he should become a pastor, his time as a young man in Bonn, his youthful interest in duelling and in Richard Wagner's music, and his discovery and eventual rejection of Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy. As a young professor of philology at the University of Basel, Nietzsche becomes scandalous with his rebellious attitude, poetic ambitions and rejection of Christianity. He develops a philosophy where man needs to create new values, beyond Christian morals and without the dichotomy of good and evil. The book portrays the increasing mental illness and effects from syphilis at the end of Nietzsche's life, until his death at the age of 55.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Laurence Le Saux of BoDoï [fr] wrote that Le Roy shows \"his full graphic power\", portraying Nietzsche's gradual descent to mental illness with warm colours and flat colour spaces. Télérama wrote that the project sounded like a bad idea, but that the impression quickly changed while reading, and that the drawings \"explode\" along with the chronological and stripped-down but not simplified portrayal of Nietzsche's outer and inner life. Anthony Palou of Le Figaro called the book \"a bit grotesque\" and a work that will appeal to readers of Nietzsche but not general comic-book fans. Olivier Hervé of Planète BD called the book \"pleasant if not totally accessible\", as it contains parts that can be disturbing for people unfamiliar with the subject. Hervé wrote that some parts may annoy scholars and that Onfray tries to \"rehabilitate\" Nietzsche's philosophy by portraying him as a free spirit and a lover of truth.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Amaravathipudur is a village situated in the suburban region of Karaikudi in the Sivaganga District. Situated approximately 2 kilometers along southern part of Karaikudi city. This village panchayat has a total of 7 panchayat constituencies. 7 Panchayat Council members are elected from these. According to the 2011 India census, the total population in Amaravathipudur is 9221. Among them 4475 females and 4746 males.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Batallion Camp has been set up here by Former Union Finance Minister P.Chidambaram", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"LOL SUPERMAN\" is an alleged shock video recorded during the September 11 attacks. The footage supposedly depicts individuals who either jumped or fell from the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center violently impacting the ground or nearby structures at extreme speeds and showing the aftermath of the impacts. The alleged video has gained vast attention, with many claiming to have seen it or something similar, while others refuse to believe the video's existence. As a result, the video has been considered a form of lost media.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to the Lost Media Wiki In 2015, an anonymous user created a post in the paranormal thread of the imageboard website, 4chan, describing the scenes of the video which allegedly depicts the impacts of individuals who either jumped or fell from the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. In the post, the user claims that the video was previously hosted by video-sharing websites such as YouTube, as well as shock websites such as Ogrish.com. It was claimed to have existed for a short time on YouTube around its early release in 2006 and was deleted just shortly after due to its graphic nature. The exact imagery of the video is highly debatable by many social media users, though many agree that the video reveals the violent impacts and aftermath of the individuals who jumped or fell from the Twin Towers.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In July 2022, the search for LOL SUPERMAN regained social media attention through a user's post on Reddit who became interested in the pursuit of more information revolving around the video. The post surpassed the previous 4chan post 7 years prior with additional viewership and upvotes, though the massive controversies surrounding the video remain.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Attempts to prove LOL SUPERMAN's existence have gone as far as one Reddit user allegedly issuing a FOIA request to the FBI for the video in November 2022. The request was respectfully denied according to the user, due to it currently being used in a criminal investigation. With this, many believed to have had the video's indirect existence confirmed, though many still questioned its legitimacy. A month prior in October, a separate user claimed to have inquired about the video 9/11 Memorial & Museum in Lower Manhattan but was also purportedly denied due copyright of the footage which prohibited dispersion and licensing.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The video is widely discredited and is often referred to as a hoax. Some notable examples include the following:", "title": "Controversies & Debate" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Additionally, the exact location of the video was also uncertain and often scrutinized due to the possible paths the camera crew could have taken into Austin J. Tobin Plaza. Furthermore, LOL SUPERMAN has been considered by many to be an example of a mass Mandela effect phenomenon, due to the high unlikeliness of the video's existence, and potential confusion with other camera crew's footage, especially that of Jack Taliercio, who was present in the Plaza filming during the attacks. The full tape was released to the public in 2010. Alternatively, some have debated whether the video could or could have existed in some form, albeit it is highly exaggerated in content and is no longer able to be found on the Internet due to strict guidelines that have been put in place by many popular video-sharing websites which strictly prohibit media of such graphic nature.", "title": "Controversies & Debate" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "^ \"LOL SUPERMAN\" (lost World Trade Center Plaza footage from the September 11th attacks; existence unconfirmed; 2001). lostmediawiki.com from the original on 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-12-27.", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "\"LOL SUPERMAN\"", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ultimátum (English: Ultimatum) is a Slovak-Czech action crime television series. It starred Ján Koleník. The series was filmed for TV JOJ in co-production with Czech Television.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Police negotiator Dano Andrik became involved in a political-negotiating crisis that took place in the cardiac surgery department of a hospital where, in addition to the minister, Andrik's wife Lenka Naušová, who is pregnant, is also present.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In order for Dano, together with other patients, to get her to safety, he is forced to face the demands of the kidnapper Korňan. Dano must decide: either to follow orders from the highest places or to clear the name of the kidnapper.", "title": "Plot" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jack McLean (10 August 1946 – 27 December 2023) was a Scottish journalist, and columnist with The Herald. McLean was known as \"the Urban Voltaire\", a tag given to him by one of his editors.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "McLean first began writing columns for The Times Educational Supplement in the 1970s about his experiences as a teacher. From the 1980s he went on to write columns for the Glasgow Herald, with a brief move to The Scotsman in 1998 before returning to The Herald. He also contributed to the Glasgow Evening Times.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A collection of his columns was first published as The Bedside Urban Voltaire in 1990. More Bedside Urban Voltaire followed a year later. These were expanded and supplemented as Hopeless But Not Serious: An Autobiography of the Urban Voltaire in 1996. The City of Glasgow, with photographs by Colin Baxter, was published in 1994. The Compendium of Nosh (An A-Z of Food) appeared in 2007. In 2011 he wrote the preface for a new edition of The Heart of Glasgow (1965) by Jack House.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At the Leveson Inquiry in 2011 he was criticised for his writing about the 1991 murder of Diane Watson by Barbara Glover (both schoolgirls), in which he had portrayed the victim as a bully. The Herald later apologised to Watson's family.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Educated at Allan Glen's School, McLean worked for 20 years as a secondary school art teacher, but was dismissed for assaulting a pupil, as he later recounted in his column.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "McLean was a well-known resident of Glasgow's South Side, where he lived for over 35 years, and where he could often be found in the pubs along the Pollokshaws Road. He died on 27 December 2023, at the age of 77. After his death, tributes were paid by Nicola Sturgeon and others.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The October offensive of the Central Lithuanian Army was a military offensive of the Central Lithuanian Army ordered by General Lucjan Żeligowski against the Lithuanian army in October 1920. It was a continuation of Żeligowski's Mutiny that began on October 8.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After General Żeligowski's 'rebellious' Polish troops occupied Vilnius, the Lithuanians did not give up their claims to the city. Kaunas, despite knowing Warsaw's support of Żeligowski, initially decided against military action. By the end of August 1920, Lithuanians had about 60,000 soldiers, to whom Żeligowski, after announcing mobilisation in Central Lithuania, was able by the end of the year to counter with almost 59,000. The ratio of forces of both sides was similar. Although Żeligowski's army had more combat experience, it in turn had a worse morale (cases of demoralisation and desertion).", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Poles advanced to the city's west and north, occupying Didžioji Riešė, Lentvaris and Nemenčinė, among others. Meanwhile, Lithuania reinforced its forces in the Vilnius region, because they were preparing to retake Vilnius. On 18 October 1920, the \"revolt\" was also joined by the 13th Wilno Uhlan Regiment, also known as the Regiment of \"the best sons of Vilnius Region\", many of whom began their military history as early as December 1918 in Vilnius' Lukiškės Square, from where, commanded by the brothers Władysław and Jerzy Dąmbrowski, they set off to fight for their homeland.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After concentrating more infantry and artillery forces, the Lithuanian 3rd Infantry Division launched a counter-offensive on October 18 towards Rykantai and Trakai. On the battle's eve, the Polish Vilnius Infantry Regiment [pl]'s two battalions relieved the Navahrudak Infantry Regiment [pl] by manning the Rykantai - Krosna section. At that time, the regiment was commanded by Lt. Col. Jerzy Wołkowicki, as Maj. Stanislaw Bobiatyński [pl] took over as Vilnius' commandant. The attacking Lithuanians were held back on the outskirts of Rykantai, for several hours there was a firefight, the heavy machine guns were cutting, and the Poles were supported by their artillery. Lieutenant Boleslaw Waligóra [pl], a participant in the battle, recalled:", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Lithuanians, if they now dared to rise to the assault, could have shaken the defence of Rykantai. Capturing the hill near the church [lt] would endanger the entire regimental section. (...) The enemy, content with fire-fighting, which was very strong, did not try to storm once.", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Lithuanians were probably expecting reinforcements. The Poles took advantage of the enemy's passivity and with a successful manoeuvre advanced from the right flank and forced the enemy to withdraw. Lt. Waligóra concluded that:", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The only attack by Lithuanian troops in the history of the regiment ended in enemy failure. The Lithuanians' lack of combat experience and momentum in the attack became apparent. Their losses, despite heavy fire, amounted to only 1 killed and 11 wounded.", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "About later events he writes:", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "After the unsuccessful attempt by the Lithuanians to take the initiative into their own hands and recapture Vilnius, calm prevailed until the end of hostilities in the sections we occupied. The enemy took a defensive stance and already on 20 October retreated along the entire front to the former demarcation line between Poland and Lithuania.", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Thus, there were no battles, but there remained skirmishes and melees. The Vilnians made several successful raids: 20.X. to Totoriškės [lt] (war trophy 2 machine guns and 15 prisoners), 25.X. to the village of Aukštieji Paneriai, which caused alarm in a large section of the front (trophies 2 ckm and more than 40 prisoners), and 29.X. to Bialyles and 31.X. to Seibutonys [lt]. There were also reverses. Lieutenant Waligóra cites an unexpected attack by a Lithuanian battalion on an outpost in the village of Daubie. Taking advantage of a local ceasefire along the railway line to let a train of the League of Nations commission from Vilnius to Kaunas pass through, and the train's delay, Lithuanian soldiers surprised the Polish unit at a rest stop in a house. After persistent fighting and throwing grenades, they killed 1 soldier, wounded 1 and took 9 prisoners. There was not much fighting in the section of the 6th Scout Regiment and the Zaniemenski Ulans (earlier 211th), which garrisoned the line from Trakai towards Valkininkai. Tomasz Zan reports about the participation in the \"mutiny\":", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "We did not reach the town, because our regiment was sent to the Valkininkai-Lieponys [lt] area to the Lithuanian border.", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "There was more action only in the first few days. On October 10, during a drive on Rūdiškės, Capt. Jerzy Dąbrowski, with a single squadron supported by Ckm, successfully attacked the village of Ozierańce and then pushed two Lithuanian companies out of Rūdiškės and held them until the arrival of his own infantry. On October 13, the infantry occupied Lentvaris. The uhlans' task was to capture the village of Pikeliškės, where two Lithuanian infantry battalions were entrenched and successfully defending themselves. So the Polish cavalry made a manoeuvre and went around the enemy's left wing. From Lieutenant Andrzej Brochocki's account:", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The chosen route already led through the rather deep rear of the left wing of the Lithuanian front through the village of Baranele. Around noon we passed through Rovne Pole, between Paberžė and Giedraičiai, so we were already approx. 20 kilometres north of Pikeliškės. (...) The Polish population welcomed us with enthusiasm. The Lithuanians gave a good name to the Poles, persecuting them at every turn.", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "It was the local population who pointed out the location of the Lithuanian command in the villages of Kieliai and Juodeliai [lt].", "title": "October 18" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Lieutenant-Colonel Butkiewicz ordered the attack. The 1st and Lt. Czuczełowicz's squadrons were left in reserve and protecting the rolling stock.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The 2nd squadron, under the command of the brave and always full of initiative 2nd Lt. Stanislaw Brochocki, was the first to fall into the village of Juodeliai. Within an hour, after a disorderly and dense shooting, the village was taken under control.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "(Lt. Stanislaw Aleksandrowicz \"Zarys historii wojennej 13. Ułanów Wileńskich\"). The action was well thought out and efficiently executed. More details were given by Lt. Brochocki:", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "The first platoon under the command of Lt. Witold Stankiewicz rushed into the village, followed by the platoon of Lt. Karol Bohdanowicz, which took the second street exit, from the forest the platoon of Lt. Kamionko. The surprise was complete, the Lithuanian soldiers did not realise who was attacking but started to defend themselves. The Uhlans furiously jumped off their horses and captured individual cottages.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The chaotic resistance was quickly broken. The Lithuanian 1st Infantry Division's commander, at the same time commanding the front, General Stasys Nastopka, who was found hiding in the attic, 7 staff officers, and nearly 80 privates, were taken prisoner. Trophies: a radio station, a passenger car, 3 motorbikes, a rolling stock with food supplies, over 50 horses, and documents on the location and numbers of troops. Meanwhile, the 4th Uhlan Squadron in the neighbouring village of Kieliai [lt] took the division's major artillery commander, 17 soldiers and several horses by surprise. Stanislaw Brochocki vividly described the events that took place in Juodeliai:", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The first to burst into the village was Lieutenant Witold Stankiewicz at the head of his platoon, startling the Lithuanians, who were quietly moving around the kitchen. The first shots were fired. [A dense, indiscriminate shooting broke out. The Lithuanians, taken completely by surprise, defended themselves fiercely in individual houses. Only the bravado of the attack and the terror of those attacked can be attributed to the fact that the usually accurate shots of the Lithuanians, despite the close proximity, did not knock down a single one of our scouts. In the face of the enemy, the Uhlans jumped off their horses and captured the huts on foot. Unfortunately, the sight of the unusually abundant prey at times absorbed my boys too much, hindering the overall leadership of the action. Soon, however, 70 disarmed Lithuanians with 7 officers were in our hands. The search for the division commander went on, but he too was found - pale, almost unconscious, he was dragged by the uhlans out of the chaff in the attic. [Our trophies were impressive: the general [...], a radio station which was invaluable to us, an automobile, a motorbike, two carriages, riding horses, outgoing and draft horses, telephone sets, a large supply of velvet [tobacco - M.W.'s footnote], as well as sugar, tinned food and flour.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "This was the first successful raid, executed on 20–21 October with the forces of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 1st squadrons of the Vilnius and Grodno Uhlan Regiments, respectively. The sparse Polish cavalry found themselves deep in the enemy's rear.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "It was not the first time, being in the enemy's rear, that we avoided a battle; it was about diversion, not beating up a unit. A battle needed more ammunition, transporting any wounded or killed to the rear and was always a lottery. The tasks of a cavalry outing are quite different. So the direction to the headquarters was taken.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "explained Lieutenant Brochocki's decision by the commander to retreat, which required great caution as there were larger enemy forces nearby. During the retreat, intelligence reported a Lithuanian infantry regiment marching nearby.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "The regiment stood down, was ordered to be silent and forbidden to smoke. The Lithuanians, under the threat of guns, were ordered to be silent. Silence reigned absolute. Not a horse snarled, not a horse moved, not a stirrup hit a stirrup. We waited.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "wrote Plut. Szyłkiewicz. The Raid on Jodele caused great confusion in the enemy command. This forced the Lithuanian side to roll up the font and retreat twenty kilometres, to the line Kernavė - Musninkai - Širvintos - Giedraičiai. The Poles entered Maišiagala and Paberžė. In Vilnius, this cavalry caused a great stir and brought fame to the Uhlans. Lieutenant Andrzej Brochocki, while speaking of the soldiers' luck, generally appreciated the enemy:", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Already after the first encounters it was clear that the Lithuanian soldier was infinitely superior to the Bolshevik soldier, who did not desert from the ranks of the Red Army just because it was the only place in Russia at that time where one could eat to satiety. We were lucky in that first raid, especially as General Nastopka had located himself and his staff right on our path.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Fate favoured the Uhlans, but it is worth noting the cleverness of the command, the effort of the soldier and local help. Gen Żeligowski made another gesture towards the enemy. General Nastopka and the officers were 'imprisoned' in the best Vilnius hotel Georges, guarded only by a sentry in the corridor. They were allowed to move around the city, on the surety \"on their word of honour\" that they would not escape. Nevertheless, on the first occasion, almost all broke their word, with only Gen. Nastopka and Maj. Kapciuk remaining.", "title": "Raid on Juodeliai" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "On October 26, the cavalry went out Paberžė, went around the left flank of the Lithuanians on the road quickly eliminating the resistance of the few troops, and already the next day captured Giedraičiai, Želva, Videniškiai and even Lyduokiai. The Zagon found itself deep in the enemy's rear, a dozen or so kilometres from Ukmergė. The Lithuanians were forced to draw reinforcements near Želva. There, the Polish language could no longer be heard, and the locals looked down on the uhlans, which harmed the course of the fighting.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "The town of Želva was abandoned in the evening, and the cavalry stood in the surrounding villages for the night. During the night there was an alarm. Platoon leader Szyłkiewicz reports:", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "We receive an order to strike Želva. The Lithuanians hit our 3rd and technical squadrons at night, inflicting a defeat on them. We were to cut off the retreat of the Lithuanians and capture them.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The 3rd and technical squadrons had only recently rejoined the regiment after returning from near Minsk. The lancers felt relaxed after the end of the war with the Bolsheviks and were even allowed to undress for sleep when the other squadrons were re-implemented for constant alertness - the lancers slept in their clothes and the horses were constantly under saddle. Posts were posted only at the corners of the village. Meanwhile, the locals informed the Lithuanian infantry company about the Poles sleeping in Bikoniai [lt]. The unexpected night attack caused panic and losses. The pursuit by other squadrons was already late, only a few Lithuanians were taken prisoner, and the enemy abducted 7 uhlans and 50 horses. The Uhlans, chasing the retreating enemy, re-entered Želva. Lieutenant Brochocki gives a continuation of events:", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "In the market square I already found Col. Butkiewicz, talking with captains Drucki Lubecki and Michniewicz. Both of them had very contrite faces, as they underestimated the Lithuanians, who took advantage of a lucky coincidence for them and a good night's sleep of uhlans coming from as far as from Minsk. Shortly afterwards, an officer from General Żeligowski's staff came to us with a notification that the action at Širvintos had been halted. We therefore retreated in the direction of Giedraičiai.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "The retreat lasted several days in battles and was extremely arduous. Lieutenant Aleksandrowicz recalls:", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "From that moment on, the regiment found itself in constant combat with the several times superior forces of the battered enemy. Physical exhaustion, snow and horses shod with summer horseshoes hampered the execution of the manoeuvre, increasing the regiment's losses. During the 28th and 29th of October, the regiment, fighting on foot, repulsing numerous assaults conducted from several directions simultaneously, slowly retreated towards Giedraičiai, manned by advancing Polish infantry units.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "It was just the snow and 'not forged sharp' horseshoes that severely limited the cavalry's options. They retreated on foot, holding off the advancing enemy with fire from the tyral and heavy machine guns. Three Lithuanian regiments slowly pushed back the Polish cavalry and then also the 5th Central Lithuania Volunteer Infantry Regiment, which was defending the village of Dūdėnai [lt]. Indeed, this information corresponds with the recollections of Capt. Józef Fiedorowicz. He wrote in his, truly invaluable, account that:", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "In order to get out of the political and war impasse, the staff of our brigade drew up a memorandum with a plan for an operation, aimed at 'softening' the Lithuanian position, demonstrating the unreality of their 'great-power' dreams and - at the very least - obtaining an armistice on the basis of the present front line, thus leaving Vilnius within the Polish borders.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "The plan was to strike the Lithuanian positions on the northern section of the frontline with infantry and make a breach in it, through which a cavalry brigade would pour deep into Lithuania, far to the rear of the enemy troops with the intention of reaching Kaunas. As Capt. Fiedorowicz wrote:", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "The brigade commander has carte blanche, he determines the direction and scope of operations himself, depending on the situation, with the primary intention of reaching Kaunas and attacking the Lithuanian capital.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "The plan was prepared on a grand scale. It assumed that the communication of the cavalry brigade in the Lithuanian rear would be maintained via aircraft! A rare weapon at the time, we should add, but one that the Poles used to good effect in battles against the Bolsheviks, for example against Budyonny's 1st Cavalry Army.", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "", "title": "Final Days of the Offensive" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1979 New Orleans Tennis Festival was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana in the United States that was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from March 25 through March 25, 1979. Third-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "John McEnroe defeated Roscoe Tanner 6–4, 6–2", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Peter Fleming / John McEnroe defeated Bob Lutz / Stan Smith 6–1, 6–3", "title": "Finals" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Khatarnak (transl. Dangerous) is a 2000 Indian Marathi-language action comedy film directed by Mahesh Kothare and produced by Vidya Bacchewar featuring Mahesh Kothare, Laxmikant Berde, Johnny Lever, Bharat Jadhav, Avinash Narkar, Nutan Jayant, Aarti Chandorkar, Sadashiv Amrapurkar in lead roles. The Music is composed by Raamlaxman.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In a town plagued by mysterious murders every Amavasya, Inspector Pratap Tungare leads the investigation, with CID Inspector Mahesh Chaudhari's assistance. Tungare holds a grudge against criminal lawyer Advocate Potbhare, who has a history of defending Tungare's arrested suspects. Adding complexity, Potbhare's daughter loves local detective Laxmikanth Lokhande (Lakshya). The latest victim, Raosaheb Nimbalkar, prompts a reward announcement by his brother Bapusaheb. In a twist, Lakshya and his assistant Ranga devise a plan: frame Lakshya as the murderer, collect the reward, and then use it to secure Lakshya's release with Potbhare's legal aid. It's a convoluted scheme in the pursuit of truth and, perhaps, personal gain.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This is the twelfth film of Kothare and Berde together. The film marked debut of Johnny Lever and Bharat Jadhav. This is also the first film of actresses Nutan Jayant & Aarti Chandorkar.", "title": "Casting" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Music for this film is composed by Raamlaxman Lyrics were written by Pravin Davane.", "title": "Soundtrack" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Amary Ngoné Sobel Fall – (Amari Ngóone Sobel in Wolof) was the second Damel of the independent Kingdom of Cayor in modern-day Senegal. He was responsible for breaking Cayor's vassalage under the Jolof Empire at the battle of Danki in 1549, and reigned until 1593.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Amary Ngoné was the son of Lamane Dece Fu Njogu Fall and Ngoné Sobel Ndiaye, daughter of the Serer Lingeer Sobel Diouf. When Dece Fu fell ill, he failed to send the necessary tribute to their overlord, the Buurba of the Jolof Empire, for several years. In 1549 Amary volunteered to go, leading an army recruited with the help of his maternal uncle Niokhor Ndiaye, Teigne (title) of Baol.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "To camouflage his movements Amary Ngoné marched the army east to lake Danki, on the southern edge of Jolof, rather than directly to the imperial capital of Ouarkhokh. He left the bulk of his forces there, heading to Ouarkhokh with only a small group. They buried javelins along the way. When the buurba received them insultingly, Amary Ngoné publicly declared that the Aajor (people of Cayor) had no need for such a chief. Offended, the Jolof-Jolof pursued them, but Amary and his companions kept them at bay thanks to the stashes of ammunition they had left. Arriving at Danki, the full Cayor army ambushed the pursuers and killed the buurba.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Upon his return to Cayor, Amary Ngoné was received with a great feast to celebrate the kingdom's new independence from Jolof. Dece Fu Njogu was acclaimed damel, meaning 'breaker', but during the celebrations was killed when a group of bulls brought to be slaughtered stampeded. Amary was immediately elected damel in his place. Upon his enthronement, he was ritually bathed by Islamic marabouts. Soon after his accession, Amary's uncle died as well, and he was elected Teigne of Baol, the first monarch to hold the dual title.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Amary Ngoné proclaimed a new constitution for the independent Cayor and founded a new, more centrally located capital at Mboul. He repelled multiple invasions from Jolof in the first years of his reign, each time killing the buurba who led them. He also led a force north into the Sahara desert to chasten the Hassaniya emirs who were raiding south of the Senegal river, reportedly going halfway to Morocco. Amari Ngoné reigned for 44 years. Upon his death in 1593 he was succeeded in Cayor by his son Massamba Tako and in Baol by his nephew Mamalik Tioro Ndjingèn, Massamba's son.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Valter Peres (born 10 December 1954), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Formed in São Paulo FC youth categories, Peres competed for a position in the club's midfield with Chicão and Teodoro during the 1970s. He was Brazilian champion in 1977, converting one of the penalties in the final against Atlético Mineiro.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Crestón Island or 'Crestón Hill' is located in the southern part of the mexican city of Mazatlán. It is the highest point in the entire city.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Since 1828, the hill was used as a maritime marker with bonfires to guide ships entering or leaving the port. In 1879, an oil lamp made in France was purchased to improve the function of the campfire, but in 1905 it was replaced by the lighthouse that stands today. Starting in 1930, it stopped being an island, since a stone road was built that linked it with the city of Mazatlán.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At the top of the mountain is the Faro Mazatlán, It is considered the highest lighthouse built on natural terrain in the world, at 157 meters above sea level. The path that reaches the top of the hill has 334 steps and measures 745 meters.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It is a highly visited site in the city, since the Faro Mazatlán Natural Park is located on the hill. In 2017, a glass bridge was built on the precipice of the hill, with a length of 30 meters, the glass has a thickness that resists up to 5 tons per square meter, the glass area is 18 meters. In April 2018, it opened to the public; people who enter the bridge are put on sticky plastic over their shoes, in order not to damage the glass.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On March 27, 2015, two brothers fell from the hill into the sea, one died and the other was reported missing.", "title": "Incidents" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On February 25, 2022, a 71-year-old Canadian tourist died of heat stroke followed by a sudden heart attack while trying to climb the mountain.", "title": "Incidents" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zwilgmeyer is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of Danki was a conflict fought in 1549 between the Jolof Empire and Cayor, a rebellious vassal. The decisive Aajor victory and the death of the reigning Buurba of the empire signaled the end of Jolof hegemony over Cayor, Baol, Saloum, Kingdom of Sine, Wuli, Niani, and Waalo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Lamane of Cayor Dece Fu Njogu Fall had failed to send tribute to the Buurba for several years. In 1549 his son Amary volunteered to go, leading an army recruited with the help of his maternal uncle Niokhor Ndiaye, Teigne (title) of Baol.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "To camouflage his movements Amary Ngoné marched the army east to lake Danki, on the southern edge of Jolof territory, rather than directly to the imperial capital of Ouarkhokh. He left the bulk of his forces there, heading to Ouarkhokh with only a small group. They buried javelins along the way. When the buurba received them insultingly, Amary Ngoné publicly declared that the Aajor (people of Cayor) had no need for such a chief. Offended, the Jolof-Jolof pursued them, but Amary and his companions kept them at bay thanks to the stashes of ammunition they had left. Arriving at Danki, the full Cayor army ambushed the pursuers and killed the buurba.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Upon his return to Cayor, Amary Ngoné was received with a great feast to celebrate the kingdom's new independence from Jolof. Dece Fu Njogu was acclaimed damel, meaning 'breaker', but during the celebrations was killed when a group of bulls brought to be slaughtered stampeded. Amary was immediately elected damel in his place.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Praxis: The Artists' Union of Ireland is an Irish trade union for professional artists.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Praxis was founded in its original form during 2020. According to the Business Post, its aims are \"to unite artists, increase recognition of their role in Irish society and ensure better pay and conditions.\" The organisation was first established in 2020, with approximately 100 founder members, and was launched publicly as a trade union in March 2021.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Its first initiative was to campaign against the Arts Council’s existing funding application process. At the time of its launch, a Praxis spokesperson stated that Arts Council funding applications can last for several months, and that many of these applications are unsuccessful. A resolution urging the governing organisation to enhance their application procedure and prioritise artists was approved at the Praxis AGM in February 2021. The artists' union was interested in combining with an existing union in the future, according to their Communications Officer, Azzy O'Connor, who stated that this was essential in order for Praxis to obtain recognition. However, the group had not yet deliberated regarding which union it wished to join. O'Connor declared that artists' conditions of employment had not improved following the onset of the 2008 financial crisis.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2022, The Irish Times praised Praxis for its role in lobbying for the creation of the Basic Income for Arts pilot scheme (BIA). It declared that \"Praxis, the newly established union for artists, should be commended for getting the scheme over the line.\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2023, the union was critical of the Arts Council erroneously announcing the receipt of a \"life-changing\" award to 141 artists.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 MAAC women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference held from October 29 through November 5, 2023. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting matches. The host for the matches was determined by seeding from regular season play. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Quinnipiac Bobcats were the defending champions. They successfully defended their title as the first seed and defeated second seed Fairfield 1–0 in the final. This was Quinnipiac's second MAAC tournament win in program history, both of which have come under head coach Dave Clarke. As tournament champions, Quinnipiac earned the MAAC's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Six MAAC schools participated in the tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record.", "title": "Seeding" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Semifinal matchups were determined by the results of the quarterfinals. The #1 seed would play the lowest-remaining seed, while the #2 seed would play the other quarterfinal winner.", "title": "Bracket" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "There were 6 goals scored in 5 matches, for an average of 1.2 goals per match (as of November 5, 2023).", "title": "Statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Source:", "title": "All-Tournament team" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "MVP in bold", "title": "All-Tournament team" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 Cyclo-cross Superprestige, also known as the Telenet Superprestige for sponsorship reasons, is a season-long cyclo-cross competition held in Belgium.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sierra Enge (born February 23, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for San Diego Wave FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Enge was raised in Cardiff, California where she attended Pacific Ridge High School. She was raised by her parents, Brian and Ceci Enge, and has one older brother and two younger sisters. Enge's father, Brian, played soccer for Harvard University and played in the NPSL on the Wichita Wings. Enge's mother, Ceci, played lacrosse for Harvard University.", "title": "Early Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Enge played club soccer for LA Galaxy San Diego and So Cal Blues in the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL). She played for the US Women's Youth National teams, including the U14, U16, U17, U18, and U23 teams. Enge captained the U16 national team.", "title": "Early Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Enge attended Stanford University where she played from 2018 to 2022. As a freshman, she did not appear. As a redshirt freshman in her second year, she appeared in 23 of 25 matches.", "title": "Collegiate Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "As a redshirt sophomore, starting in 13 games, Enge totaled 4 points (1 goal and 2 assists). As a redshirt junior, she started all 20 matches, logging 1642:03 minutes. Enge scored two goals, and assisted on three more, to finish with seven points.", "title": "Collegiate Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "As a redshirt senior, Enge captained the team, starting in all 22 matches, and leading the team to a Pac-12 Championship. During her senior season, she was named Pac-12 Scholar-Athlete of the Year.", "title": "Collegiate Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Enge was selected 13th overall in the 2023 NWSL College Draft by San Diego Wave FC. In her first season with SD Wave, Enge played in 10 games, starting in 7. She scored two right footed goals.", "title": "Club Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "After being left unprotected in the 2024 NWSL Expansion Draft, Enge was selected as the final pick by Bay FC. Shortly following the draft, Enge was traded to the Houston Dash for $50,000 in allocation money. San Diego Wave FC then re-acquired Enge from Houston, in exchange for midfielder Belle Bride, a 2024 third-round NWSL College Draft pick, and $60,000 in allocation money.", "title": "Club Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea heudelotii is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from tropical West Africa to Uganda and Botswana.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea heudelotii is a relatively small species. It has 1 cm wide, elongate rhizomes. The ovoid to round leaves with an entire margin display reddish colouration on the adaxial surface, as well as red colouration with purple spotting on the abaxial surface. The lobes of the leaf have a rounded apex. The petioles is 20 cm long and slim.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The small blue to white flowers are 3-5 cm wide. The peduncle is 30 cm long and holds the flowers 5 cm above the water surface. The gynoecium consists of 4-10 carpels. The globose fruit bears elliptic-globose, smooth seeds. The flowers have a very sweet fragrance.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The chromosome count is n = 14.", "title": "Cytology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Nymphaea heudelotii has been reported to be viviparous starting from its second year of growth.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It was first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1853.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The type specimen was collected by M. Heudelot in Senegal in 1837. It is part of the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, France.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The IUCN conservation status of Nymphaea heudelotii is Least Concern (LC).", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "It occurs in small lakes, rivers, wet grass savannahs, riparian forests, and in shallow flowing streams. In shallow ponds within the seasonally wet savanna of Gabon, it occurs sympatrically with Websteria confervoides, Nymphoides forbesiana, Eriocaulon nadjae, and Utricularia benjaminiana. Additionally, at elevations between 1120 and 1200 meters above sea level, this species can be found in small pools within Sphagnum bogs and channels within Papyrus associations close to open water.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Gedeo People's Democratic Party (Amharic: የጌዲዮን ህዝቦች ዲሞክራሲያዊ ፓርቲ, GPDP), also formerly known as Gedeo People's Democratic Organization (GPDO), is a political party in Ethiopia founded in 1992 as part of Southern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic Coalition which includes several ethnic-based party. As a proponent of ethnic federalism, the GPDP has an ideology of Gedeo people interests in response to perceived discrimination and marginalization against the people due to ethnic conflicts and environmental crisis. It is an opposition group of the ruling party Prosperity Party with no party leader.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the 2021 Ethiopian general election, GEDO won two seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives as well as 14 seats in SNNPR regional council, making the largest legislative body in the region.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Draganov whose real name is Adnan Mahyou, is a Moroccan rapper and producer from Oujda, Morocco.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2010, Draganov launched his solo career, releasing several albums including: \"Zidou Lgoudam\", \"SLLM\", \"Khissous\", and \"Galess Fdar\". In his latest release, he released the prominent album “Colors”, in which he participated in cooperation with many companies and big names in the field of Moroccan rap. Among his most recent works is \"Jalis Fadar\" \"3dabi\", which included four songs, including \"Maak\" and \"Tabac\", which achieved great success.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "St Michael the Archangel Roman Catholic Church, Hathersage is a Grade II* listed Roman Catholic church in Hathersage, Derbyshire.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The building dates back to the early 18th Century, and became Grade II* listed on 12 July, 1967.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Since 2023, Ireland (which consists of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, a constituent part of the United Kingdom) has produced twelve Nobel laureates: two in Physics, one in Physiology or Medicine, four in Literature and five in Peace category.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anthony Woods is an American football running back for the Utah Utes. He previously played for the Idaho Vandals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Woods attended Palmdale High School in Palmdale, California. As a senior, Woods rushed for more than 1,500 yards and 24 touchdowns, before committing to play college football at the University of Idaho.", "title": "High school career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Woods received significant playing time as a freshman in 2022, rushing for 872 yards and three touchdowns. As a result, he earned freshman All-American honors. The following season against Eastern Washington, he ran for a career-high 211 yards and five touchdowns. At the end of the 2023 regular season, Woods was named to the first-team all-Big Sky. He finished the season rushing for 1,155 yards and 16 touchdowns before entering the transfer portal.", "title": "College career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On December 19, 2023, Woods announced that he would be transferring to the University of Utah to play for the Utah Utes.", "title": "College career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of the Canoes (Portuguese: Batalha das Canoas), also known as the Battle of Guaixará (Portuguese: Batalha de Guaixará), was an unsuccessful French-Tamoio ambush against the Portuguese and their allies. Saint Sebastian was allegedly seen in the midst of the battle. This event is mentioned in the work Auto de São Lourenço by Joseph of Anchieta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Simão de Vasconcelos [pt] recounted the battle at least 90 years after it occurred. According to him, it took place in July 1566. Advised by the French, the Tamoio Indians, with 180 war canoes, 100 of which were commanded by Guaixará, reportedly trapped a man named Francisco Velho, who had gone out to gather wood for the chapel of Saint Sebastian. Estácio de Sá had only four or five canoes to defend him. During the combat, the gunpowder on one of these canoes caught fire, frightening the wife of the leader of the opposing canoes, who called for the Indians to flee, which they did in disorder. The defeated Indians reportedly asked who was the gentleman soldier leaping among the canoes. Anchieta supposedly confirmed that it was Saint Sebastian. Some details of this narrative, such as the date of July 1566, the name Guaixará, and the occupation of Francisco Velho, appear to have been taken from a Latin manuscript currently in the archive of the Society of Jesus, written by Antônio de Matos between 1619 and 1621. Serafim Leite [pt] was a scholar who had access to this document.", "title": "Account" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The episode is mentioned in the work Auto de São Lourenço, authored by Joseph of Anchieta. The lyrical subject in the following excerpt is Aimbirê.", "title": "In popular culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Bibliography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kuettlingeria teicholyta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae, and the type species of the genus Kuettlingeria. It is a widely distributed lichen, having been recorded from Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The species was first formally described in 1810 by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius, who placed it in the genus Lecanora. The type specimen was collected by Léon Jean Marie Dufour from France. Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon transferred the taxon to the newly proposed genus Kuettlingeria in 1857. In his original circumscription of the genus, it contained three species: K. lallavei, K. visianica, and K. teicholyta. The first two species, including Blastenia visianica, the type species of genus Kuettlingeria (originally described by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852) are now synonymous with K. teicholyta. As a result, Kuettlingeria teicholyta is the type species of genus Kuettlingeria.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kuettlingeria teicholyta is characterised by its obscurely placodioid thallus. The thallus typically forms closely appressed, rounded formations that vary from thin to thick and have a white-grey colouration. The ends of the lobes in this species are often poorly differentiated, presenting as rounded, flat, or slightly convex structures without distinct furrows. These lobes form a complete zone around the edge of the thallus, contributing to its overall rounded appearance.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The surface of Kuettlingeria teicholyta is uniform and scurfy, especially towards the centre of the thallus, and it is common to find small granules on the surface. Occasionally, the thallus may display weak areolation. Soredia in this species are granular and white, typically forming through the erosion of the thallus surface in the central area.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Apothecia in Kuettlingeria teicholyta, though uncommon, are quite conspicuous when present. They can reach up to 0.8 mm in diameter and are scattered or sometimes crowded on the thallus. Initially, these apothecia are immersed within the thallus and deeply concave, but they eventually become flat. The thalline margin, when present, is white and undulate, while the proper margin is flexuose, swollen, and bright orange in colour. The discs of the apothecia are orange to red to brown, occasionally with a white-pruinose surface.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Paraphyses in Kuettlingeria teicholyta are slender, flexuose, and branched, without swelling at the tips. Ascospores are ellipsoid, measuring 15–18 by 7–10 μm. The septum is often under 4 μm wide, making up to one-quarter of the length of the ascospore. Chemical spot tests on the thallus yield negative results (K−), while apothecia have a K+ (purple-red) reaction. Kuettlingeria teicholyta is a member of chemosyndrome C5, characterised by 7‐chloro-emodin as the dominant secondary metabolite in association with a substantial proportion of fragilin.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Kuettlingeria teicholyta occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Joseph Sharav (Hebrew: יוסף שרב; 28 October 1934 – 15 June 2016) was an Israeli paralympic competitor in four Summer Paralympic Games (1964, 1968, 1976 and 1980) and won five bronze medals in para table tennis (1964 and 1968), shooting (1976) and wheelchair basketball (1964).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sharav was born in 1934 while his parents were on their journey from Afghanistan to Mandatory Palestine and was raised in Tel Aviv. During his service in the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s, he was injured in a traffic collision. He suffered from partial paralysis of his upper body and one of his arms.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was one of the first Israeli representatives to the Stoke Mandeville Games and won a bronze medal in table tennis in 1956. He later took part in four Summer Paralympics and competed in various sporting events:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sharav was a member of the men's wheelchair basketball team in the 1964 Summer Paralympics, winning a bronze medal in the Men's Tournament A.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In para table tennis, Sharav competed in four Summer Paralympics (1964, 1968, 1976 and 1980) and won three bronze medals for Men's Singles A2 (1964 and 1968) and for Men's Doubles A2 (1968) alongside Gabriel Gobi. At the 1976 Summer Paralympics he was ranked 25th in the Men's Singles A2 and at the 1980 Summer Paralympics he reached the quarterfinals in Men's Doubles 1C.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In shooting, Sharav competed in two Summer Paralympics (1976 and 1980) and won one bronze medal in the 1976 Mixed Rifle Shooting 1A-1C event. At the 1980 Summer Paralympics he took part in four shooting events, finishing three of the events in fourth place.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "At the 1968 Summer Paralympics he took part in four events as a para athlete, achieving low ranks in all four: discus throw, shot put, javelin throw and club throw.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Sharav died in 2016 at the age of 81.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vatutine (Ukrainian: Ватутіне), set to be renamed Zaluzhne (Ukrainian: Залужне) since 2023, is a village in northeastern Ukraine, located in Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast. It has a population of roughly 1,200 people.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Vatutine was designated a rural-type settlement by the Kharkiv Oblast Council on 27 March 2009. In February 2023, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was decided that Vatutine would be renamed Zaluzhne, in honor of top Ukrainian general Valeriy Zaluzhnyi. The old name is set to be removed as part of decommunization and derussification, as it is derived from the surname of Nikolai Vatutin, a general for the Soviet Red Army. The new name must still undergo approval by the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory, and then the Verkhovna Rada, before it becomes official.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "DBOS is a Database-Oriented Operating System designed to simplify and improve the scalability, security and resilience of large-scale distributed applications. It started in 2020 as a joint open source project with MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University, after a brainstorm between Michael Stonebraker and Matei Zaharia on how to scale and improve scheduling and performance of millions of Apache Spark tasks.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The basic idea is to run a multi-node multi-core, transactional, highly-available distributed database, such as VoltDB, as the only application for a microkernel, and then to implement scheduling, messaging, file systems and other operating system services on top of the database.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The architectural philosophy is described by this quote from the abstract of their initial preprint:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "All operating system state should be represented uniformly as database tables, and operations on this state should be made via queries from otherwise stateless tasks. This design makes it easy to scale and evolve the OS without whole-system refactoring, inspect and debug system state, upgrade components without downtime, manage decisions using machine learning, and implement sophisticated security features.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Stonebraker claims a variety of security benefits, from a \"smaller, less porous attack surface\", to the ability to log and analyze how the system state changes in real-time due to the transactional nature of the OS. Recovery from a severe bug or an attack can be as simple as rolling back the database to a previous state. And since the database is already distributed, the complexity of orchestration systems like Kubernetes can be avoided.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A prototype was built with competitive performance to existing systems.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Official website", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Laid edges, also called slayed edges or swooped edges, refers to a style of arranging the fine \"baby hairs\" at the edge of the hairline into flat, decorative waves or swirls. The style is sometimes referred to as simply baby hairs, and originates with African-American fashions of the 1990s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The inspiration for this style is attributed to the kiss curls sported by women in the 1920s, such as African American performer, activist, and style icon Josephine Baker. The modern laid edges style began in the 1990s in the African American community, popularized by major musicians of the period such as Chilli from TLC as well as Ginuwine, Missy Elliott, and Brandy. Laid edges were also popular among cholas in this period, and has been associated with \"ghetto\" culture in America.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Typically, edges are laid using a toothbrush or other small bristle brush, to which hair gel or pomade is applied. The stylist can express their creativity by creating different designs and patterns with fine hairs. Small gems or other decorations can also be added. Edges can be laid when wearing any type of braids or protective styles, or when the hair is pulled back into a ponytail or afro puff(s). When the hair gel holding down the fine hairs begins to flake and lose its hold, one's edges are said to be \"lifting.\"", "title": "Method" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Laid edges can also be used to blend the hairline of a wig - particularly lace wigs - or hair extensions to make them look more natural and aesthetically pleasing. In this case, many wearers trim the hairs on the hairline of the wig to create \"baby hairs\" to work with.", "title": "Method" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The use of the laid edges style among white or other nonblack groups has been criticized as a form of cultural appropriation or blackfishing, especially when used in conjunction with other style choices which create the effect of someone who is \"not quite white\" and embodies the most desirable, easily commercializable elements of African American women's appearances. At the same time, African-American cultural commentators have noted that the trend of having laid edges seems to prioritize the curly or wavy hair of mixed-race people, since the tight curls seen in kinky hair cannot be laid as effectively.", "title": "Reactions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Faro Mazatlán is a lighthouse located on top of Crestón Island in Mazatlán. It is one of the most iconic sites in the city and is very visited.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1879, a gas lamp was placed on top of the hill as a sign of proximity to the port of Mazatlán, This lamp replaced a series of torches. Later the lighthouse used oil and kerosene lamps, which increased its luminosity. In 1892, the engineer José Natividad González built a small quadrangular building that accompanied the lighthouse. A rotating lamp was installed in 1905. In the late 1920s it operated with a constant level lamp with a three-wick burner. In 1933, an electric lamp replaced the hydrogen one and remained in operation until August 2021, when it was replaced by modern lighting equipment.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The lighthouse measures seven meters high and is considered the highest natural lighthouse in the world, due to its location at the top of the Crestón hill, which reaches 157 meters above sea level. It has marine traffic radars and a thousand-watt lamp that achieves a range of 30 nautical miles or 55 kilometers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Its status as the highest natural lighthouse in the world has been disputed, since historian Antonio Lerma Garay says that in the Atlantic Ocean there are at least four lighthouses on natural elevations at a higher height than the Mazatlán Lighthouse; The Lovers' Leap in Jamaica with 487 meters, Chacachacare Island in Trinidad and Tobago with 251 meters, The Lighthouse of San Vicente Island with 222 meters and El Brigand Hill in Trinidad and Tobago with 221 meters.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Beibei Wang (born 1983) is a Chinese-American electrical engineer known for her research in wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio, and the use of cooperative game theory in wireless communication. She is vice president for research at Origin Wireless, Inc.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wang earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 2004 from the University of Science and Technology of China. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2009. Her doctoral dissertation, Dynamic Spectrum Allocation and Sharing in Cognitive Cooperative Networks, was supervised by K. J. Ray Liu.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After postdoctoral research at the University of Maryland, she worked for Qualcomm from 2010 to 2014. In 2015, she joined Origin Wireless, which her advisor had founded in 2013.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Wang is the coauthor of", "title": "Books" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Wang was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, \"for contributions to wireless sensing and cognitive communications\".", "title": "Recognition" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Faith and Confidence is a Pulitzer Prize winning photograph of two-year-old Alan Weaver asking police officer Maurice Cullinane a question. The 1957 image was captured by photographer William C. Beall in Washington D.C..", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Beall was the chief photographer for The Washington Daily News and he attended a parade in Chinatown, Washington, D.C.; it was there that he captured the award-winning image. The image was printed in his newspaper and it made an impression upon readers. The image was picked up and reprinted by many other publications including Life (magazine).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On September 10, 1957, William C. Beall was in the Chinatown section of Washington D.C. to photograph a parade. He worked as a staff photographer for The Washington Daily News. Two-year-old Allan Weaver attended the parade and he approached police officer Maurice Cullinane to ask if he was a US Marine. The image was printed in many publications and it also appeared on the back cover of Life (magazine) and it won the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Photography.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "William Beall's son Denny claimed that he had taken then image by chance, \"He just happened to turn, he saw that and snapped it, just like that: Spin, click, and he had it.\" William Beall stated that he used an aperture of f16, and a shutter speed of 1/100th of a second. One description of the image states that the boy (Allan Weaver) wanted to get closer to the parade in order to see the dancing dragons and the police officer told him to stop because of traffic and firecrackers. The boy's father was a Marine, stationed in Japan. The boy in the image, Allan Weaver, described what happened in the image, \"As a policeman came, I leaned up and asked him if he was a Marine.\"", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The jury for the Pulitzer Prize in 1958 consisted of Vincent Jones, Julius H. Klyman and Ralph McGill. The members of the jury were unimpressed by the entries and they said there was no single image that was outstanding. When Beall won the award it was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation J. Edgar Hoover who said Faith and Confidence deserved the Pulitzer. The description of the image on The Pulitzer Prizes website states Faith and Confidence, [shows] a policeman patiently reasoning with two-year-old boy trying to cross a street during a parade. The jury also said the photo was an appealing image which made a profound impression on readers... freezing forever a moment of childhood innocence\"?", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Beall titled the image Faith and Confidence and it stirred emotion. Some people wrote poems and some who saw the image said it made them cry. Some people wrote letters to the police officer in the image, Cullinane, in care of the police department. Maurice Cullinane went on to become the Chief of police in 1974. The photograph has been made into a public sculpture and it is displayed in Jonesboro, Georgia.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Jinkx and DeLa Holiday Show is an annual holiday show by American drag performers BenDeLaCreme and Jinkx Monsoon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Source: Entertainment Weekly", "title": "Tour dates" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Metamerism, in chemistry, is used to define the isomeric relationship between compounds with the same polyvalent functional group with heteroatom but differ in the main carbon chain or any of the side chains. It has rather been an obsolete term, which has not been recognised by IUPAC in its publications.. When Berjilius used the term mesomerism in 1831, he did so to describe those substances which possess the same percentage composition but had different properties. What Berzelius called metamerism is now called isomerism.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The compounds which have been cited in chemical literature consist of primarily ethers; but this could by the same reasoning be extended to thioethers, secondary as well as tertiary amines, esters, secondary as well as tertiary amides, (mixed) acid anhydrides etc.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ketones however, should be excluded from this class of isomeric relationship, as they primarily are part of position isomerism - as there is no heteroatom present in the functional group, so the two alkyl groups (main chain and side chain) are not disconnected from each other.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "There have been disputes on metamerism being included with other isomerisms such as position as well as chain isomerism, some authors still keep using it in their textbooks, mostly citing the examples of ethers and secondary amines.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Church and Convent of the Good Death (Spanish: Iglesia y Convento de la Buena Muerte), also known as the Church of Saint Camillus (Spanish: Iglesia San Camilo), after the order's founder, is a Catholic church and convent in the colonial area of the neighbourhood of Barrios Altos in Lima, Peru. The current temple was built at the end of the 19th century and is dedicated to Our Lady of the Good Death. It is located at the crossroads of the Áncash and Paruro streets, and is diagonal to the Trinitarian Church of Lima.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The site of the building corresponds to the place where the Order of the Good Death was installed, a hospital organization established in the city since 1709. It had a heritage of 38 urban and rural properties, including 1,500 hectares distributed in different estates a few kilometres away from the capital.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The first convent was completed in 1742, but was devastated by the earthquake of 1746. The current construction was designed by the builder Juan de la Roca and was completed in 1758. Since 1995 it has housed the Centre for Humanization and Pastoral Health and the San Camilo Hospital.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first Catholic temple built on the site was a simple chapel dating from the 17th century. The current temple is built in rococo and neoclassical styles. It is elevated a few centimetres above ground level and has stone stairs.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The square between both churches sometimes serves as the atrium of the church. It has a rectangular floor plan with a single nave and no chapels or side niches. Its roof is a barrel vault and above the transept it has a dome crowned by a lantern. The entrance to the building has the peculiarity that it is through a neoclassical doorway on the side of the transept, which also has another exit towards the infirmary's entrance.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The old convent is accessed through an anteport and a porter along the jirón Paruro. This has three patios (the main one, the novitiate and the infirmary) surrounded by galleries with cloisters.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The church has works of religious art, among which the paintings Nuestra Señora de la Buena Muerte y Apoteosis de San Camilo by Cristóbal de Lozano stand out, who also created two paintings inspired by Father Golbordeo Carami, the first member of the order to set foot in Lima.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of places named after famous people in Australia:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Justo Pastor Benítez (28 May 1897 — 7 February 1963) was a Paraguayan historian, writer [es], and Liberal politician. His work on the history of the Río de la Plata has been grouped with other historians succeeding the Generation of 1900 like Julio César Chaves, Efraím Cardozo, R. Antonio Ramos, and Pablo Max Ynsfran.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On 28 May 1897, Benítez was born in Asunción.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the Liberal Party, he formed a group with Carlos Pastore [es], R. Antonio Ramos, Efraím Cardozo, and Julio César Chaves. In May 1932, as Foreign Minister and responding to Carlos Saavedra Lamas inquiry on Paraguayan intentions in the Chaco War, Benítez demanded Bolivia adhere to the law of war and the League of Nations monitor fairly. In June 1934, Benítez was replaced as, like his predecessor Daniel Sánchez Bustamante, he advocated for peaceful resolution; he switched positions with Rogelio Ibarra, remaining in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the remainder of the conflict. In October 1938, he rejected the ambassadorship to Bolivia under Félix Paiva as a part of the Liberal refusal to join Paiva's proposed coalition.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the late 1950s, he resided in Brazil. By then, he had served in various Liberal positions including national deputy, party director, and cabinet minister.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 7 February 1963, he died in Asunción.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Source:", "title": "Works" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Lamar Lady Cardinals softball team will represent Lamar University during the 2024 NCAA Division I softball season. The Lady Cardinals play their home games at Lamar Softball Complex and are led by sixth-year head coach Amy Hooks.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "*Rankings are based on the team's current ranking in the NFCA/USA Softball poll.", "title": "Schedule and results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Faire le mur (lit. 'Make the wall', figuratively 'Sneak out') is a 2010 French comic book by Maximilien Le Roy. It is about the 22-year-old Palestinian Mahmoud Abu Srour who lives in the Aida Camp in the West Bank, where his family runs a small grocery store. He meets a French female student and agrees to accompany her to her sister in Israeli territory, for which he needs to cross the West Bank Wall.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Le Roy visited Palestine in 2008 and 2009 and Faire le mur was one of three comic books about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict he published in 2009–2010. In 2014, he tried to visit Israel for a comics festival, but was stopped at the airport, interrogated for four hours and told he was not allowed to enter the country for the next ten years.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Black Witch is a 2017 young adult fantasy novel by Laurie Forest. The novel faced intense backlash on social media prior to its release due to accusations of bigoted content. Later media coverage suggested that these criticisms were misguided and failed to understand the book's context.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Elloren is a 17-year-old girl who lives in the land of Gardneria, a diverse yet stratified society of different magical races (such as selkies, fae, and wolfmen). Many citizens of Gardneria, including Elloren, harbor prejudices about other races. Elloren's grandmother Carnissa, known as the Black Witch, was a powerful mage and military leader; however, Elloren herself appears to lack magical powers.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "When Elloren leaves for college at the magical and multicultural Verpax University, she makes friends with classmates of different races and begins to question her own prejudices and beliefs about the society of her birth. At the end of the novel, she joins the growing rebellion against the government of Gardneria.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first reviews of The Black Witch before its publication were positive. Kirkus Reviews gave the book a starred review, describing it as \"a massive page-turner that leaves readers longing for more.\" Another starred review in Publishers Weekly called the book an \"intoxicating tale of rebellion and star-crossed romance\" that \"argues passionately against fascism and xenophobia.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In March 2017, a book blogger published a roughly 9,000-word advance review of The Black Witch, calling it \"the most dangerous, offensive book I have ever read\". The review's author claimed that the novel included multiple forms of bigotry, including racism, ableism, and homophobia.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Much of the review consisted of pull quotes from the book's prejudiced characters, including the narrator Elloren. In one example, Elloren criticizes another magical race as \"hopelessly mixed\" and \"not a pure race like us\" because \"they're more accepting of intermarriage\". She also reacts negatively when her gay brother comes out to her.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The accusations spread widely on social media platforms such as Twitter and Tumblr, and The Black Witch quickly became subject to review bombing, receiving hundreds of negative reviews on Goodreads that lowered its average rating to 1.71 stars. The backlash was based almost entirely on the initial review, with most Goodreads reviewers admitting that they had not read the book themselves and did not plan to. Many of those criticizing the book mistakenly believed that Forest herself shared the viewpoints of her prejudiced characters.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Black Witch's publisher, Harlequin Teen, received a slate of emails demanding the book's cancellation. Critics such as writer L.L. McKinney argued that Forest, as a white author, lacked the ability to convincingly write \"an examination of racism in an attempt to dismantle it\". At the height of the backlash, Forest was baselessly accused of being a Nazi sympathizer, while those who objected to this rhetoric were accused of being bigots themselves.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "During the controversy, dozens of The Black Witch's critics wrote to Kirkus Reviews, demanding that the book's starred review be retracted. In response, Kirkus published an essay by editor Vicky Smith defending the initial review. Smith claimed that Elloren undergoes a \"monumental change\" throughout the course of the novel, comparing her to former white supremacists such as Derek Black who were raised in a bigoted environment. Smith also argued that Elloren's slow pace of transformation was realistic and made narrative sense for the first entry in a multi-book series.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Despite the protests, The Black Witch was published on schedule in May 2017, reaching number 1 in Amazon's \"Teen & Young Adult Wizards Fantasy\" book category. As of August 2017, The Black Witch had an average rating of 4.3 out of 5 stars on Amazon. Most reviewers agreed that the novel took a firm, even heavy-handed stance against prejudice, and that Elloren's change during the novel was realistic.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Forest later called the debate about her book \"a worthwhile discussion,\" adding: \"I think there is a need for diversity in all phases of publishing, and it’s exciting to see that happening. The Black Witch explores what it’s like to grow up in a closed-minded culture, and its message is that people who may have been raised with prejudiced views can change for the better. But it takes time and education.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The social media controversy surrounding The Black Witch was extensively covered in Kat Rosenfield's Vulture article \"The Toxic Drama on YA Twitter.\" Rosenfield connected the incident to \"a growing dysfunction\" in young adult book publishing, with an online atmosphere of constant harassment, threats, and fears of voicing one's opinion. She interviewed a number of writers and publishing professionals concerned that outrages on social media would have a chilling effect on the industry, including which topics authors would choose to write about.", "title": "Media coverage" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Rosenfield's reporting on the incident became a matter of controversy itself. After declining Rosenfield's request for comment, the author of the initial review claimed on Twitter that she had been \"scared\" by their interaction, causing rumors to spread about Rosenfield's behavior. Multiple authors warned their followers not to speak to Rosenfield about the article, and nearly all of her sources requested anonymity, afraid of the personal and professional repercussions. Author Roxane Gay also faced backlash on Twitter after retweeting Rosenfield's article, with commenters accusing Gay of entering a debate beyond her purview.", "title": "Media coverage" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "An editorial for The Globe and Mail by librarian Shannon Ozirny argued that Rosenfield's reporting did not give a full picture of the climate in young adult publishing, since it was \"framed and executed as an exposé rather than a discussion.\" Ozirny claimed that Rosenfield's article only touched on \"far larger debates\" about issues such as book censorship, herd mentality on social media, and the most effective ways to protest potentially harmful works.", "title": "Media coverage" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In a 2019 Reason article, journalist Jesse Singal linked the uproar over The Black Witch to more recent controversies in young adult fiction, such as Blood Heir and A Place for Wolves, in which the author decided to cancel or postpone the book's publication. He called Rosenfield's article \"prescient,\" writing: \"In 2019, books are not only getting excoriated by online critics who haven't read them—they're getting unpublished entirely.\"", "title": "Media coverage" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The Black Witch is the first novel in Forest's five-part series The Black Witch Chronicles. The other books in the series are:", "title": "Series" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Forest has also written two prequels to The Black Witch: Wandfasted (2017) and Light Mage (2018).", "title": "Series" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William C. “Bill” Beall (February 6, 1911 - March 27, 1994) was a Pulitzer-winning photographer. He captured a photograph of two-year-old Alan Weaver and police officer Maurice Cullinane which he titled \"Faith and Confidence\". The image won the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Photography.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Beall worked as the chief photographer for The Washington Daily News. He also served in the military as a US Marine combat photographer in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. He covered the Battle of Iwo Jima and Battle of Okinawa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On February 6, 1911 William Charles Beall was born in Washington D.C.. He attended public schools in Washington D.C. and started working as a photographer in 1927. When he was sixteen years old he started working as a photographer for a photo agency.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1933 he began working for the Washington Post and in 1935 he began working for the The Washington Daily News.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1940 he was promoter to chief photographer at The Washington Daily News. Beall, became a Marine combat photographer during World War II. He spent time in the Pacific Theatre on the island of Iwo Jima. He also covered the 1945 Battle of Okinawa and he was awarded the Air Medal for his coverage.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On September 10, 1957, Beall was in Chinatown to photograph a parade. Two year old Allan Weaver attended the parade and he approached police officer Maurice Cullinane to ask if he was a US Marine. Bealle titled the image \"Faith and Confidence\" and it was printed on the back cover of Life (magazine). The image won the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Photography.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "He has also received awards from the National Headliners Club, the United Press International News Pictures Contest, and the National Press Photographers Association.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Night of the Living Drag is an annual Halloween tour featuring drag performers from RuPaul's Drag Race and the Drag Race franchise.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Performs in 2022 included Aquaria, Asia O'Hara, Bosco, DeJa Skye, Kim Chi, Lady Camden, Rosé, and Vanessa Vanjie Mateo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Performers in 2023 included Angeria Paris VanMicheals, Denali, Icesis Couture, Jaida Essence Hall, Jorgeous, Plastique, Rosé, Tayce, and Yvie Oddly.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elise Nieshalla is a Certified Public Accountant who currently serves as the auditor of Indiana. She was appointed to the position after her predecessor, Tera Klutz resigned.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nieshalla earned her bachelor's degree from Oral Roberts University and her masters from Indiana University. During her time at Indiana University she taught as adjunct faculty member at the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Nieshalla served on the Boone County from 2016 to 2023 including as president from 2021 to 2023. During her time on the board the county won a tax case against Meijer. Nieshalla ran for Indiana State Treasurer in 2022. However, she was eliminated at the state convention.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Nieshalla was appointed by Governor Eric Holcomb on December 1, 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Nieshalla resides in Zionsville, Indiana with her husband Chris. They have four children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "M. A. Rothschild & Söhne was a German family-controlled bank based in Frankfurt, formally founded in 1810 by Mayer Amschel Rothschild on the basis of the banking business he had developed since 1766. It was eventually liquidated in 1901.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) founded the bank as a partnership including himself and his five sons Amschel, Salomon, Nathan, Carl and Jakob (later known as James). Upon Mayer Amschel's death in 1812, his eldest son Amschel (1773-1855) took over the firm's leadership and in 1813 commissioned a new building at Fahrgasse 146 (corner of Fahrgasse and Judengasse) from the municipal building inspector Philipp Jakob Hoffmann [de]. Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the five brothers concluded a new partnership agreement among themselves. In 1822 the five brothers were awarded the hereditary title of Baron by Emperor Francis I of Austria, after which the name of the Frankfurt firm was changed to “M.A. von Rothschild & Söhne”.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Amschel Mayer von Rothschild concentrated on serving the financial needs of various German princes and monarchs, including maintaining the relationship that his father had built with the Electorate of Hesse together with Hessian official Carl Friedrich Buderus von Carlshausen [de]. M. A. Rothschild & Söhne was thus able to displace the Frankfurt-based Bethmann family as the leading issuer of government bonds in the German-speaking region between 1820 and 1830. The Rothschild bank mostly stayed away from industrial bonds and shares issuance, but was indirectly involved in such transactions by providing loans to other banks such as Sal. Oppenheim in Cologne. One exception was the Rothschild participation in a consortium to build the Taunus Railway in 1835. In 1854, the Rothschild bank was instrumental in the creation of the Frankfurter Bank. Overall, however, the bank lost relative importance to the rapidly expanding Rothschild banks in London, Paris, and Vienna, even though the latter were still formally operating as branches of the Frankfurt partnership.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After Amschel's death in 1855, the management of the bank officially passed to his nephews Mayer Carl von Rothschild (1820–1886) and Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild (1828–1901), both of which had been partners since 1852. From then on, the bank was managed prudently but increasingly lost prominence against more dynamic competitors, whether private banking houses or the growing number of joint-stock institutions. M. A. Rothschild & Söhne still partnered with Vienna-based S. M. von Rothschild, the Rothschild-controlled Creditanstalt, and Berlin-based Disconto-Gesellschaft, as well as (albeit later on) the Darmstädter Bank. In 1889, it also participated in the foundation of the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank in Shanghai.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "With the death of Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild in 1901, the Frankfurt Rothschilds' male line was extinguished and the bank went into an orderly liquidation process. The business was taken over by the Disconto-Gesellschaft and formed the basis for its Frankfurt branch. Most of the bank's archives were destroyed in 1901 on the orders of the surviving members of the Rothschild family.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea siamensis is a species of waterlily endemic to Thailand.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea siamensis has ovoid, erect, 15 cm long and 5 cm wide rhizomes with oval bulblets. The broadly elliptic to ovate, 25 cm long, and 23 cm wide leaves have a subcoriaceous texture. The green adaxial surface can display reddish brown spotting. The purplish red abaxial surface features brown spotting. The brown, glabrous, 4 mm wide petioles have four primary air canals.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The sterile, 8-12 cm wide flowers float on the water surface. They are attached to reddish brown, glabrous, 6.5 mm wide peduncles with six primary central and twelve secondary peripheral air canals. The 5-8 green, elliptic-ovate, 5 cm long, and 1.5 cm wide sepals have a rounded to acute apex. The 80-90 petals display pinkish white, and green colouration. Reproductive structures are absent. The flowers are said to resemble Chrysanthemum flowers.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The clonal species Nymphaea siamensis reproduces exclusively through the formation of bulblets on the rhizome, as well as occasional tubiferous flowers.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Sexual reproduction is impossible in this species. The flowers are sterile and do not produce ovaries.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It was first described by Puripany. in 2014.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The type specimen was collected by W.La-ongsri in Chiang Mai, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Thailand on the 20th of August 2000.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It appears to be placed in Nymphaea subgenus Brachyceras, however the absence of fertile flowers make it difficult to place.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The specific epithet siamensis refers to Siam, a former name of Thailand.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It is easily cultivated.", "title": "Cultivation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 St. John's Red Storm women's basketball team represent St. John's University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Red Storm, led by twelfth-year head coach Joe Tartamella, play their games at Carnesecca Arena and are members of the Big East Conference.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Red Storm finished the season at 23–9 and 11–7 in Big East play to finish in a tied for fourth place. As a No. 5 seed in the Big East women's tournament, they lost in the quarterfinals Marquette. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA women's tournament as they were the last four teams in, where they defeated Purdue in the first four to advanced to the first round where they lost to North Carolina.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "There were no recruiting classing class of 2023.", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Schedule" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "*The preseason and week 1 polls were the same.", "title": "Rankings" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Todd Prentice Coleman (born 1977) is an American electrical engineer and associate professor at Stanford University. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Coleman completed his undergraduate and graduate degrees at the University of Michigan. He moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his doctoral research, where he used low complexity approaches to distributed data dissemination. He worked alongside Muriel Médard using Slepian–Wolf coding. He was a postdoctoral researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital, where he worked in computational neuroscience.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Coleman uses bioelectronics, mathematics and physiology to create new technologies. He started his faculty career at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and University of California, San Diego. He joined Stanford University in 2021.", "title": "Research and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Coleman creates wearable sensors for medical imaging and biological applications. The sensors that Coleman has developed can monitor temperature and heart rate, and wirelessly transfer information to recording devices (e.g. smart phones). Coleman created an array of sensors for gastrointestinal disease, which can be attached to the abdomen and record EKG information whilst patients go about their normal routine.", "title": "Research and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Reframe Your Brain: The User Interface for Happiness and Success is a 2019 nonfiction book by Scott Adams.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2015 Zintan Airstrike Attacks were a series of aerial assaults on the town of Zintan, during a period of heightened tension and conflict between rival factions in the country. The attacks, allegedly carried out by militias aligned with the Libya Dawn coalition, targeted the town which was known for its support of the government based in Tobruk.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Libya Dawn militias reportedly initiated the attacks on Zintan, targeting an airstrip and another location in the city. These strikes were seen as a possible response to Egyptian air raids in the region. The assault led to the cancellation of a flight scheduled to depart from Zintan's airport, carrying Egyptian and Libyan citizens for their safety. Two or three MiG jets, believed to be remnants from Gaddafi's air force, were allegedly used in the operation.", "title": "17 February 2015: Initial Airstrikes" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The first airstrike, around noon, damaged the edge of the town's runway. The second strike, four hours later, hit the town center. Authorities in Zintan reported damage to the runway, which according to them, could be easily repaired.", "title": "17 February 2015: Initial Airstrikes" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In a retaliatory move, forces aligned with the Tobruk-based government claimed to have shot down a warplane flown by Libya Dawn. The incident occurred after the warplane reportedly bombed Zintan, due known to its support of the Tobruk administration. The Zintan airport spokesman, Omar Matooq, reported that two pilots of the downed jet were found, one severely injured, and the other pilot arrested. An official from the Tripoli administration confirmed that the plane crashed due to technical faults.", "title": "24 March 2015: Retaliatory Strike and Warplane Crash" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "An unidentified warplane conducted airstrikes on Zintan's airport, causing damage to a passenger terminal. The attack was attributed to Libya Dawn forces by a military source in Prime Minister Abdullah al-Thinni's government. The strike coincided with a separate attack on the town of Rujban. Although the airstrike caused damage to the airport terminal, no casualties were reported.", "title": "1 April 2015: Further Airstrikes and Airport Damage" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "These repeated attacks emphasized the instability and intricacy of the six-year conflict in Libya, with factions competing for control and influence. These assaults resulted in a semi successful operation considering that the primary objectives of these attacks were mostly fulfilled.", "title": "Conclusion" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aceria cynodoniensis, the bermudagrass mite, is widely distributed, but only infests bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and its hybrids. It lives and develops under the leaf sheaths of its host plant. Infestations of the mite can cause destructive damage to bermudagrass turf and it is often regarded as a harmful pest.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Originally described from Egypt, it has been also reported from southern parts of Europe, other parts of Africa, North- and Central America and Australia. In North America it was first recorded in 1959 in Arizona and is now mainly found in southern States.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The adult female of A. cynodoniensis ranges from 165 to 210 µm in length and has a worm-like body. The female lays eggs inside the leaf sheaths of bermudagrass. Like other eriophyid mites, the species is arrhenotokous, meaning that unfertilized eggs become males and fertilized eggs become females. After hatching, the mite passes through 2 nymphal stages before moulting to the adult stage. The development from egg to adult mite can be completed in 5–6 days.", "title": "Biology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The feeding activities of the mite induces deformations (witch's brooms), stunting, thinning and eventually patches of turf die off. The damage reduces the aesthetic and recreational value of managed bermudagrass. Mite damage increases in dryer years but decreases in wetter years and is usually most severe in spring when new tillers are formed.", "title": "Damage and Management" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Management strategies for bermudagrass mites that rely solely on miticides are ineffective and additional cultural control methods are necessary. These include adequate irrigation of the turf and reduced input of nitrogen fertilizers (0.5 kg N/ha).", "title": "Damage and Management" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 McNeese Cowgirls softball team will represent McNeese State University during the 2024 NCAA Division I softball season. The Cowgirls play their home games at Joe Miller Field at Cowgirl Diamond and are led by eighth-year head coach James Landreneau. They are members of the Southland Conference.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "McNeese had a regular season record of 41–14 and a conference record of 21–3 winning the Southland Conference regular season championship. They also won the 2023 Southland Conference softball tournament as the first seeded team.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Cowgirls won the SLC autobid to the 2023 NCAA Division I softball tournament. They were runner-up to the Seattle Regional championship compiling a tournament record of 3–2. Leading the regional championship game 6–0 through the sixth inning, the Cowgirls' season ended ultimately losing to the tournament hosts, # 7 ranked Washington Huskies 7-6. The Cowgirls' final overall record was 47–16.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Previous season" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saeed Piramoon (Persian: سعید پیرامون; born 2 February 1995 in Chabahar) is a player of the Iran national beach soccer team who plays as a defender.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2017, Marco Octavio, the former coach of the national team, invited him to the Iranian national beach soccer team. With the beach soccer team, he won the Intercontinental Cup in the United Arab Emirates once.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was a member of the Haddad carpet industry team in Isfahan and is currently a member of South Pars Bushehr.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Renée A. Shellhaas is an American pediatric neurologist and professor. She is the David T. Blasingame Professor of Neurology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and associate dean for faculty promotions and career development. She was previously an associate chair of career development and a clinician-investigator in pediatric neurology at the University of Michigan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Shellhaas focuses on neonatal neurology and early life epilepsy. In 2020, she won the Sleep Science Award from the American Academy of Neurology for her work in sleep-disordered breathing and its impact on neurodevelopment in high-risk newborns. She also won a 2015 Strategic Research Award from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation for her work on sleep in neonates with spinal cord dysraphism.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since 2022, she has been President-Elect of the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Foundation. She was elected to the Board of Directors of the American Epilepsy Society in December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Shellhaas was born in Canada to two pediatric neurologist parents, Carol Camfield and Peter Camfield.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She pursued her undergraduate education at Middlebury College, then attended the University of Michigan for medical school, graduating in 2001. She went to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia for residencies in pediatrics and child neurology, and remained for a fellowship in clinical neurophysiology.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Shellhaas returned to the University of Michigan after her fellowship. At the School for Public Health, she pursued further study in clinical research design and statistical analysis, obtaining her master's degree in 2009. She became director of research for the division of pediatric neurology and the associate chair for career development for the department of pediatrics. She was appointed the Donita B. Sullivan Research Professor in the department of pediatrics in 2021.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "She is active in the American Academy of Neurology and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Epilepsy Society.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "She is active in the Child Neurology Society and was involved in the development of the Child Neurology Society Leadership, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Task Force in 2021, along with Audrey Brumback, Erika Augustine, Diana M. Cejas and Phillip Pearl.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "She has served as an associate editor of Neurology and is on the editorial boards of the Journal of Child Neurology, Pediatric Neurology and the Annals of the Child Neurology Society.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 2011, Shellhaas spearheaded the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's guidelines on continuous electroencephalographic monitoring in neonates. She continued to work with the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society on the standardization of terminology and improved evaluation of normal neonatal EEG and neonatal seizures.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Major contributions to the field of neonatal epilepsy have included work demonstrating that antiepileptic medications can be safely discontinued in neonates after resolution of acute symptomatic seizures, demonstrating minimal risk for epilepsy at 2 years of life after resolution of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures, and evaluating and characterizing neonatal genetic epilepsies with the Neonatal Seizure Registry.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Shellhaas has used electroencephalography to study normal and abnormal sleep patterns in neonates, to determine how this reflects developmental outcomes.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "She has investigated sleep-disordered breathing (the apnea-hypopnea index) in neonates with spinal cord dysraphism, in infants under 3 months of age, and in neonates admitted to the NICU due to risk for seizures.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "She has studied ways to improve NICU design and care in the NICU to improve neonatal sleep.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Shellhaas has also focused on qualitative work with patients' families and sleep quality with epilepsy.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Since 2016, she has co-directed the John M. \"Jack\" Pellock Residents' Seminar on Epilepsy with epileptologists Elaine Wirrell and Phillip Pearl, an annual seminar in clinical epilepsy and EEG held in conjunction with the Child Neurology Society Meeting for residents in child neurology and neurodevelopmental disabilities.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "In 2022 she received the Pediatric Department Chair's Award for Outstanding Mentorship at the University of Michigan.", "title": "Career and research" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer championship game (also known as the 2020 NCAA Division I Women's College Cup) was played on 17 May 2021 at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina, and determined the winner of the 2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament, the national collegiate women's soccer championship in the United States. This was the 39th. edition of this tournament organised by the NCAA. As many other competitions in the country, the tournament had been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The match featured Florida State University, which played its 5th. final, and Santa Clara University, which made its 2nd. appearance in the final. After both teams drew 1–1 at the end of regulation and the draw persisted on 20' extra time, Santa Clara defeated Florida State 4–1 on penalties to win its second NCAA women's national title and the first since 2001.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I women's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1982, when it was an twelve-team tournament.", "title": "Road to the final" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Peter Adjey (born June 20, 1999) is a Canadian professional gridiron football long snapper for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Adjey played U Sports football for the Queen's Gaels from 2018 to 2021.", "title": "University career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Adjey was drafted in the first round, fifth overall, by the Edmonton Elks in the 2022 CFL Draft and signed with the team on on May 11, 2022. He won the long snapper job following training camp and made his professional debut on June 11, 2022 against the BC Lions. He played in all 18 regular season games in 2022 where he had three special teams tackles and one fumble recovery.", "title": "Professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2023, Adjey again played in all 18 regular season games and recorded two special teams tackles.", "title": "Professional career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jacob Plamondon (born November 6, 1998) is a Canadian professional gridiron football defensive lineman for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Plamondon played U Sports football for the Calgary Dinos from 2017 to 2021. He played in 27 games where he had 39 tackles and six sacks. In 2019, he was a member of the 55th Vanier Cup championship team.", "title": "University career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Plamondon was drafted in the second round, 19th overall, by the Edmonton Elks in the 2022 CFL Draft and signed with the team on on May 11, 2022. He began the 2022 season on the suspended list, but made his debut in week 3 on June 25, 2022, against the Calgary Stampeders at McMahon Stadium, where he played for the Dinos. He played in 14 regular season games in his rookie year where he recorded two special teams tackles.", "title": "Professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2023, Plamondon played in all 18 regular season games, where he had eight special teams tackles.", "title": "Professional career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fathi Saleh (born 22 January 1939) is an Egyptian professor of computer engineering at Cairo University. He founded the Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT), affiliated with Bibliotheca Alexandrina and supported by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. He is a member of the Supreme Council of Culture and leads the Association for the Documentation, Preservation and Valorisation of Euro-Mediterranean Cultural Heritage (Herimed). He was the cultural counsellor at the Embassy of Egypt in Paris and the ambassador of Egypt to the UNESCO from 1995 to 1999. His work primarily involves the application of new technologies in cultural and natural heritage.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Saleh was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 22 January 1939. He received a B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Cairo University in 1960. He worked for the Egyptian broadcasting organisation until 1966, then moved to France for doctoral studies. He earned his Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from the University of Paris in 1970. Afterwards, he returned to Cairo University as an associate professor of computer engineering.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Saleh was the director of the Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) from 2000 to 2010. CULTNAT is a research centre that documents and preserves the cultural and natural heritage of Egypt and the Arab world using technologies like digital imaging, geographic information systems, virtual reality, and multimedia. CULTNAT is part of Bibliotheca Alexandrina and is supported by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. CULTNAT has worked on several projects, including the Eternal Egypt website, the Memory of the Arab World project, the Coptic Heritage project, the Islamic Heritage project, and the Natural Heritage project.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Saleh is a member of the Supreme Council of Culture in Egypt. He leads the Association for the Documentation, Preservation and Valorisation of Euro-Mediterranean Cultural Heritage (Herimed), an organisation that promotes cooperation and exchange among Mediterranean region countries in the field of cultural heritage. He also teaches computer engineering at Cairo University.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "From 1995 to 1997, Saleh worked as a cultural counsellor at the Embassy of Egypt in Paris. He then served as the ambassador of Egypt to UNESCO from 1997 to 1999. In this role, he attended international conferences and meetings related to culture, education, science, and communication. He contributed to the development of the World Heritage Convention and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2010, the Arab Towns Organisation awarded Saleh the first-ranking prize for Information Technology for his work with CULTNAT. He has received additional awards from national and international organisations for his work in cultural and natural heritage.", "title": "Awards and honours" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mount Russell (86°17′S 149°08′W / 86.283°S 149.133°W / -86.283; -149.133) is a mountain, 2,280 metres (7,480 ft) high, standing on the east flank of Scott Glacier just south of the mouth of Howe Glacier, in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. Discovered in December 1934 by the geological party of the ByrdAE, 1933-35, and named for Richard S. Russell, Jr., one of the members of that party, and his father, Richard S. Russell, Sr., a supporter of the Byrd Antarctic expeditions. Not: Mount Richard Russell.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ryan Dmowski (born March 18, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey winger who currently playing for HK Poprad of the Slovak Extraliga.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dmowski was born in East Lyme, Connecticut, native played for the Providence Capitals and frequented Schneider Arena in Rhode Island's capital city as a youngster. Like many New Englanders was introduced to college hockey at a pretty early age, at UMass Lowell. Dmowski's hockey journey, which brought him from East Lyme, to UMass Lowell, started at the RoseGarden Ice Arena in Norwich, where Connecticut hockey guru Bernie Cassell – once a skills coach with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers who now holds the same position with the New York Islanders – taught Dmowski the basics of the sport. From there he bounced around: The Gunnery, the Southeastern Seahawks in Norwich, the Connecticut Capitals in Newington, the Providence Capitals in Rhode Island.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After four year he has signed an AHL contract with Hartford Wolf Pack. In the 2018–19 season played 10 games with one goal and three assist. In next two season he played another 36 games, when he scored 4 goals. Before joining HK Poprad he played in also for Hershey Bears of AHL and variety of ECHL hockey team.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He joined Poprad before of the 2023–24 Slovak Extraliga season.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pawn Stars Do America is an American reality television series shown on History and produced by Leftfield Pictures. The series is filmed in multiple cities across the United States, where stars Rick Harrison, his son Corey \"Big Hoss\" Harrison, and Corey's long time friend Austin \"Chumlee\" Russell visit each city for a 3-day event. The series debuted on November 9th, 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The series showcases a main focus city each episode, usually in populous and or historically significant locations. The cast hold a 3-day long event in the focus city where event-goers are invited to sell their artifacts, typically involving price haggling, and discussions of the artifacts' historical background.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Alongside the main cast, the series features well known recurring experts from Pawn Stars and local experts from each city.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Making a Stand for Animals is a 2022 book written by Oscar Horta, a moral philosopher at the University of Santiago de Compostela and founder of the organization Animal Ethics. In the book, Horta examines many relevant topics in the field of animal ethics, such as speciesism, sentience, wild animal suffering, veganism and longtermism. The book was initially published in Spanish and Galician.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Horta begins chapter 1 by examining what speciesism is and why it is an unjustified discrimination. He claims that none of the defenses of the idea that the interests of nonhuman animals should count less than the interests of humans succeed. Then, in chapter 2, Horta defines the concept of sentience, argues that the possession of this capacity should be what determines whether an individual ought to be morally considered or not, and examines the evidence available to assess which nonhuman animals are sentient.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Next, in chapter 3, Horta describes in very vivid detail the wretched situation faced by the vast majority of nonhuman animals who are exploited by humans. He then presents a battery of arguments in chapter 4 and 5 to conclude that we should not use nonhuman animals and that it is possible to lead a good life without eating them or exploiting them in other ways.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the concluding chapters, Horta examines the various ways in which we can help improve the situation of nonhuman animals, especially those living in the wild and those who will exist in the future, such as by donating to effective charities, by helping or rescuing nonhuman animals living in the wild whenever we can, or by effecting long-lasting changes in the attitudes that the general public has toward nonhuman animals.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The book has been reviewed in academic journals both in English and Spanish. In a review in English, Peter Sandøe claims that those who decide to read the book “should be able to enjoy and learn from grappling with the many simple, yet challenging arguments, mostly based on thought experiments, that Horta presents in the book”. The book was similarly praised in several reviews in Spanish. For instance, Guillermo Lariguet claims that it is a “very well-written, clear, precise and profound book”. Fernando Luna Hernández states that “it addresses the topic of animal sentience in a very simple, serious and instructive way”. Brenda Yesenia Olalde Vázquez affirms that “it explains in a clear way concepts such as sentience and veganism” and that Horta invites us to reflect on how we can improve the situation of “the animals that are currently alive”, as well as of “the future generations of nonhuman animals”.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The book has also received reviews from Paola Cavalieri, Peter Singer, Alexandra Navarro, Steve Sapontzis, Lu Shegay, Angela Martin, Adewale O. Owoseni, Kyle Johannsen, Jens Tuider, Núria Almirón, Bob Fischer, Steven P. McCulloch and Jeanette Rowley. Cavalieri describes the book as “a powerful plea for a radical change in our attitudes to animals, and in the way we treat them”. Singer states that it is “an inspiring and ideal book to recommend to those who are beginning to walk the path of animal liberation, or to those who are totally unaware of it and wish to approach the subject”, since it is “written in an agile and easy-to-understand way” and “it provides simple and convincing arguments for the defense of animals, going through all possible approaches”.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Laura Lyttelton (née Tennant, 1862 – 1886) was a British society figure whose connections formed the social and intellectual group The Souls.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She was born Octavia Laura Tennant in 1862, the sixth of eight children of industrialist Charles Tennant and his wife Emma, née Winsloe. She grew up at their family estate, The Glen, Peeblesshire, where she and her sisters entertained her father’s many guests in what Mary Gladstone called 'the maddest, merriest whirl from morn til night,' discussing literature with their guests until the early hours of the morning.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1881, her father took on a London house in Grosvener Square, where Laura and her sister Margot were encouraged to surround themselves with guests. Lady Frances Balfour said of them, 'It was unnatural if every man did not propose to them after a few hours’ acquaintance.' Lawyer Adolphus G. C. Liddell and Gerald Balfour were among those who hoped to marry Laura.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Laura made an impression in London with her witty and irreverent personality. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, whom she met on a cruise, called her 'little witch'. Liddell described her as 'indescribable...half-child, half-kelpie... she combined the gaiety of a child with the tact and aplomb of a grown woman.' Mary Gladstone said of her:", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "'She had the naughtiness, the grace and quickness and mischievousness of a kitten...Nothing was safe in heaven or earth or under the earth from the sallies of her wit. One trembles to think what she would have been had it not been for the restraining influence of her spiritual side.'", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Edward Burne-Jones, whose household called Laura 'the Siren,' made several sketches of her and is thought to have used her as a model in his Golden Stairs. When he began working on The Depths of the Sea in 1886, he said that he was 'painting a scene in Laura's previous existence.'", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Alfred Lyttelton, a frequent visitor to the Glen, proposed to her and was accepted during a New Year party at the Glen on 3 January 1885, and they were married in May 1885.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During her first pregnancy, Laura became increasingly convinced that she would not survive the childbirth, and wrote an affectionate informal will to be read out at her death. She died eight days after the childbirth on 24 April 1886, possibly already suffering from tuberculosis; the baby died in 1888.", "title": "Death and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Burne-Jones painted a memorial plaque to her.", "title": "Death and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "After her death, her friends coalesced into a group centred around her husband and sisters which became known as ‘the Gang’ by 1887, changing its name to ‘the Souls’ by 1889. Margot, Alfred Lyttelton, and his second wife Edith, née Balfour, were among its members.", "title": "Death and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Laura Lyttelton was portrayed by Kate Phillips in the 2020 Netflix mini-series The English Game.", "title": "In popular culture" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1980 Gulf States Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the New Orleans Municipal Auditorium in New Orleans, Louisiana in the United States that was part of the World Championship Tennis series of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the third and last edition of the tournament and was held from March 31 through April 6, 1980. Second-seeded Wojciech Fibak won the singles title.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wojciech Fibak defeated Eliot Teltscher 6–4, 7–5", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Terry Moor / Eliot Teltscher defeated Raymond Moore / Robert Trogolo 7–6, 6–1", "title": "Finals" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Kansas Jayhawks football team will represent the University of Kansas in the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It will be the Jayhawks' 135th season. The Jayhawks will play their home games at David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas, and compete in the Big 12 Conference. They will be led by third-year head coach Lance Leipold. The Jayhawks will look to win a bowl game in back–to–back seasons for only the second time in program history.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Starters are based on starters from the final game of the 2023 season. Players listed below have run out of eligibility. In total, the Jayhawks had 8 players run out of eligibility.", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "*Rivals does not include the new teams joining the Big 12 and does include the teams leaving the Big 12, however, their ranks in the overall rankings are being factored into the rank for Kansas.", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Jayhawks received a commitment from their highest rated recruit ever, who was ranked 148th nationally among all recruits.", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The preseason poll will be released in July.", "title": "Preseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The Jayhawks conference opponents through 2027 were announced in November 2023. The exact dates will be announced at a later date.", "title": "Schedule" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Schedule" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The Jayhawks preliminary roster will be released when spring practice begins.", "title": "Roster" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Champigny Centre station is the provisional name of a future station on Line 15 of the Paris Métro, which is part of the Grand Paris Express project.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Media related to Champigny Centre station at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "BK-46 is a Finnish professional handball club from Karis. The club is playing in the Finnish Handball League (SM-liiga), and play their home matches in Karis Idrottshall.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The club was founded in 1946. The handball department was founded in the club in 1949. The club was promoted to the first division in 1957. In 1966, the association won its first medal, a bronze, and in 1968 it won the Finnish championship for the first time. Due to conflicts within the association, which were rooted in the expensive trips of the handball team, the association stopped handball activities in 1974. Thanks to the active handball activists and the goodwill of the member associations of the handball association, BK-46 was able to restart the Finnish series, thus returning to the championship series in the 1976–1977 season. The team returned to the Finnish top in record time and won their second gold medal in 1979. The 1979 gold was the start of a rarely seen dominance as the club won 16 golds and three silvers in 20 seasons from 1979 to 1998. In his ranks with players such as Mikael Källman and Jan Rönnberg. The generation change in 1999 resulted in a silver medal, and in 2000 the club only finished fourth. He came second in 2001, but then won gold in 2002 and 2003, but lost the final in 2004. In 2006, however, the team became champion again. In 2007, the team won a bronze medal, but after that they were not even on the podium for many, many years. The team only became champions again in 2022. The club defended its championship title in 2023. So far, the club is a total of 22 champions and 14 cup winners.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kengtung Palace, also known as the Kengtung Haw (Shan: ႁေႃလူင်ၵဵင်းတုင်) or Kyaingtong Haw (Burmese: ကျိုင်းတုံဟော်), was the former residence of the ruler of Kengtung State, a principality in modern-day Myanmar (Burma). Built in 1906, the palace was demolished by the Burmese military on 9 November 1991.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kengtung State was the largest Shan state by 1886 and ranked first in order of precedence. Its eastern borders were demarcated after the British conquest of Upper Burma and the Shan States.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The palace was built between 1903 and 1906 as the residence of the saopha, blending traditional Shan and Burmese architecture with European and Indian influences, including the use of two minarets that flanked the palace's front facade. The palace's design was inspired by Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng's attendance at the Delhi Durbar in 1903.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Kengtung Palace was occupied by Sao Kawng Kiao's family until 1959, when his grandson, Sao Sai Long, handed the palace over to the Shan State government. Following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, the palace was used as a government office.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Despite local opposition, the Burmese military demolished the palace on 9 November 1991, and built hotels in its place, in preparation to host a national tourism campaign called Visit Myanmar Year. The hotel was completed in 1996. As of February 2022, the hotel was owned by Aung Myo Min Din, a close associate of Min Aung Hlaing.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2017, locals formed the Kengtung Palace Restoration Committee, with the goal of rebuilding a replica of the palace. In 2019, the group petitioned the Burmese national government to return the land to the local community.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, the State Administration Council announced it would build a replica of Kengtung Palace on the grounds of an old skating rink near Naungtung Lake in Kengtung. Construction began on 26 June 2022.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ranulfo Pereira Machado (27 May 1925 – ?), simply known as Ranulfo, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ranulfo began his career at Santa Cruz in the city of Ilhéus, and also played for EC Ypiranga in Salvador, until being hired by America in Rio de Janeiro in 1949. He was successful at the club, being called up to the Rio de Janeiro state football team several times. In 1952 he moved to Portuguesa and later to São Paulo FC, where he was state champion in 1953. His last professional club was EC Noroeste.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1952 Ranulfo was convicted of the crime of seduction, for having impregnated an underage girl. He ended up being arrested in 1954, while defending the EC Noroeste of Bauru, and was imprisoned in the Bangu Penal Sanatorium until 1956.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Teng Ta-liang Chinese: 鄧大量; born 3 July 1937), or Leon Teng, is a Taiwanese seismologist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Teng was born on 3 July 1937, and is also known by the English name Leon Teng. He obtained a bachelor of science degree in geology from National Taiwan University in 1959, and completed a doctorate in geophysics and applied mathematics at Caltech in 1966. He remained at Caltech as a research fellow through 1967, and, later that year, joined the University of Southern California faculty as an assistant professor. Teng was promoted to an associate professorship of geophysics in 1970, and became a full professor in 1976. During his career at USC, Teng was also affiliated with the Southern California Earthquake Center. Upon retirement from USC in 2009, he was granted emeritus status. From 2005, Teng has held a distinguished chair professorship for research at National Taiwan University. In Taiwan, Teng has served as on the advisory committee for the Academia Sinica's Institute of Earth Sciences.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Teng was elected a member of Academia Sinica in 1990.", "title": "Awards and honors" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 United Kingdom budget is scheduled to be delivered to the House of Commons by Chancellor Jeremy Hunt on 6 March 2024. It will be the third budget to be presented by Hunt since his appointment as Chancellor, and is expected to be the final budget before the next United Kingdom general election. The date of the budget was confirmed by HM Treasury on 27 December 2023.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nada Bakri is a Lebanese American journalist who covered the Middle East for over a decade, covering events including the 2006 July War and the Arab Spring. She was also a contributor to Our Women on the Ground: Essays by Arab Women Reporting from the Middle East.Hankir, Zahra, ed. (2019). Our Women on the Ground: Essays by Arab Women Reporting from the Arab World. Penguin. p. 274.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bakri gained an MS from the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Based in Beirut and Baghdad, Bakri covered the Middle East for newspapers including The Washington Post, The New York Times and The Daily Star.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She was married to the journalist Anthony Shadid, who died in Syria in 2012. She donated his papers to the American University of Beirut.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She lives in Boston, Massachusetts.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lin Yi-tseng (Chinese: 林易增; Wade–Giles: Lin Yi-tseng; born 2 December 1959) is a Taiwanese former professional baseball player and manager in Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). With 290 stolen bases during his playing career, Lin was nicknamed daozong (Chinese: 盜總) when he became manager of the Brother Elephants in 2001. From 2001 to 2005, he was the Brothers manager and guided the team to three consecutive Taiwan Series championships.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Lin attended I-Ning Senior High School in Taichung and Chinese Culture University in Taipei.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1992, the Wei Chuan Dragons traded Lin and Chen Yen-cheng to the Brother Elephants for former Yomiuri Giants player and CPBL No. 1 draft pick Lu Min-su, consummating the first trade in CPBL history.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After going 1–5 to start the 2001 season, the Brother Elephants announced that Lin Yi-tseng would replace Lin Pai-heng (Chinese: 林百亨) as manager. Lin eventually led the team to a championship that season and then two more consecutive championships after that.", "title": "Brother Elephants manager (2001–2005)" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After his retirement from the CPBL, Lin coached baseball at Da Ping Elementary School in Hengchun, Pingtung County. In September 2013, Lin started coaching for the University of Kang Ning baseball team, leading the team to No. 6 in the country.", "title": "Post-CPBL career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Lin's son Lin Ken-wei (Chinese: 林根緯) played for the Taiwan Power Company baseball team, and his grandsons currently play youth baseball. His daughter is a real estate agent in Luzhou District, New Taipei. Lin collects jade and enjoys chadao. In 2003, he quit smoking after starting at age 22.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Man in the Honeysuckle is a collection of poetry by the Australian writer David Campbell, published by Angus and Robertson, in 1979.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The collection consists of 73 poems from a variety of sources, and was the last collection published during the author's lifetime.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Writing in The Australian Book Review critic Philip Martin noted: \"Much has been said about Campbell's delight in the natural world, and rightly so. It's to be found in this book too, but as some of these passages show delight doesn't blind him to the dark aspects of the human and natural cycles. The hawk with its shadow is hooked on death, and death, as we might expect in poems by a dying man, appears quite often here: but discreetly, and as Geoff Page says, 'completely without complaint or self-pity'...All in all, though, this is a powerful, varied and compact book. Written though it was in illness, it shows no slackening of poetic energy but rather one more advance. It is a brave book: one to honour as well as to be grateful for.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After the collection's initial publication by Angus and Robertson in 1979 it was reprinted in 2007 by Picaro Press in NSW.", "title": "Publication history" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David Edmund Williams (10 March 1874 – 2 September 1957) was a Welsh nationalist and one of the founders of Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru (English: The National Party of Wales), now Plaid Cymru.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Williams was in Cwmbach, Glamorgan, his father, Edmund Williams, was 39 and his mother, Elizabeth (maiden name Lewis), was 32. He married Edith Evans in 1898, in Aberdare. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 2 daughters. He is listed as one of the founders of Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru in 1925.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "RFID Global Solution, Inc., established in 2005 and headquartered in Reston, Virginia, is a provider of asset management and supply chain solutions. The company specializes in IoT technologies, offering products such as their Visi-Trac platform, catering to industries including aerospace, defense, electronics, and manufacturing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "RFID Global was founded in 2005 in Rogers, Arkansas, initially focusing on the retail and defense industries. The company rapidly expanded its portfolio, working with clients like The Boeing Company, Northrop Grumman, and the US Army.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Under the leadership of CEO Diana Hage, appointed in 2009, RFID Global expanded its products, including its Visi-Trac asset management software, leading to a major deployment with Cisco Systems in 2011. RFID Global moved its headquarters to Reston, Virginia in 2012, continuing to secure major contracts in various sectors, including with the Department of Homeland Security and the Social Security Administration. The firm's notable projects include the DARPA SHIELD program and a global baggage tracking solution for Delta Air Lines.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "RFID Global was recognized by Inc. Magazine three consecutive years, 2012–2014, on its Inc. 5000 List of Fastest Growing U.S. Private Companies. In 2013, RFID Global was selected a Virginia Fantastic 50 company by the VA Chamber of Commerce.", "title": "Awards and clients" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Clients include Boeing, Cisco Systems, Delta Air Lines, DirecTV, Department of Homeland Security, IBM, Northrop Grumman, Schlumberger, and the Social Security Administration.", "title": "Awards and clients" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This list of historic places in the Chatham Islands covers all historical areas, places and buildings in the Chatham Islands listed by Heritage New Zealand on the New Zealand Heritage List / Rārangi Kōrero. Registered historic buildings in the Chathams primarily comprise houses and cottages constructed in the late 19th century, following the construction of Hough Cottage (the earliest surviving building on the islands) c. 1860.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Heritage New Zealand classification of sites distinguishes between Category 1 (\"places of special or outstanding historical or cultural significance\") and Category 2 (\"places of historic or cultural significance\"). Sites important to Māori or Moriori interest are given special classifications, including Wāhi Tapu for sites of spiritual, traditional, or ritual importance.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fernando Esteban Cornejo Padilla (born 13 April 1994) is a Chilean footballer who plays as a centre-back for Deportes Recoleta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A product of Unión Española youth system, Cornejo played for the B-team in the Chilean Segunda División before making his debut in the Chilean Primera División in 2014 against Santiago Wanderers. As a player of them, he also had stints on loan with Barnechea and Deportes Puerto Montt in 2017 and 2018, respectively.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After ending his contract with Unión Española, he played for Deportes Puerto Montt and San Luis de Quillota.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2023, he signed with Deportes Recoleta.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "External links" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (Arabic: أحمد العبدالله الأحمد الصباح; born 5 September 1952) is a Kuwaiti politician and a member of the ruling family, Al Sabah. Since September 20, 2021, he has been serving as the head of the Diwan of the Crown Prince. He is the fifth son of Sheikh Abdullah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and his wife, Sabeeka Ibrahim Al-Mudhaf.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ahmad was born on 5 September 1952. He received a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Illinois in 1975.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1978 to 1987, Ahmad was employed at the Central Bank of Kuwait. Subsequently, he served in various private finance institutions from 1987 to 1999, including a tenure as chairman of Burgan Bank SAK. In 1999, he embarked on a political career, holding the position of Minister of Finance until 2001 and concurrently serving as Minister of Communication. In March 2007, Sabah’s nomination as Health Minister was met with a no-confidence vote from the at the National Assembly prompting the government’s resignation on March 4.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In February 2009, Ahmad Al Sabah was appointed as the oil minister, becoming the fifth individual to assume this role since 2006. He succeeded Mohammad Al Olaim, who had resigned from the position in November 2008. From November 2008 until Ahmad’s appointment in February 2009, Mohammad Sabah Al Sabah acted as the interim oil minister. Ahmad’s tenure concluded in May 2011, at which point Mohammad Al Busairi succeeded him in the office.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Sabah is married and has three children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Patriks Gailums (born 10 May 1998) is a Latvian javelin thrower. He was the silver medalist at the 2022 European Throwing Cup, and he is a four-time medalist at the Latvian Athletics Championships.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In July 2013, Gailums won bronze in the javelin throw at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Utrecht with a throw of 65.73 meters. Two years later, he finished in 11th place at the World U18 Championships in Cali with a throw of 66.75 meters. In July 2016, Gailums set a new personal best of 74.02 meters in the qualifiers at the World U20 Championships in Bydgoszcz. However, in the final, he did not reach the same level and finished in 11th place with a throw of 66.84 meters.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In July 2017, Gailums set a new personal best with a throw of 81.91 meters at a competition in Valmiera, which also became a new world junior best for the year. Later that month at the European Junior Championships in Grosseto, he finished in fourth place with a throw of 73.43 meters. In July 2018, Gailums took bronze at the Latvian championships in Riga with a throw of 75.57 meters. The following month, he finished 14th overall in the qualifiers at the European Championships in Berlin with a throw of 78.10 meters, which was not enough for a place in the final.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In July 2019, Gailums finished in fourth place at the European U23 Championships in Gävle with a throw of 79.81 meters. Later that month, he took his second consecutive bronze at the Latvian championships in Ogre with a throw of 77.47 meters. In June 2021, Gailums took his third bronze at the Latvian championships in Jelgava with a throw of 77.81 meters. In March 2022, he won silver at the European Throwing Cup in Leiria with a throw of 79.49 meters.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In May 2022, Gailums improved his personal best twice. First, he improved it by 66 centimeters to 82.57 meters at a competition in Ogre and then by over another meter to 83.65 meters at a competition in Kalamata, Greece. The following month, Gailums won silver at the Latvian championships in Valmiera, only beaten by Rolands Štrobinders. In July 2022, he competed at the World Championships in Eugene, but did not advance from the qualifiers in the javelin throw. The following month, Gailums competed at the European Championships in Munich, where he finished in sixth place in the javelin throw.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In June 2023, Gailums improved his personal best by 40 centimeters to 84.05 meters at a competition in Bergamo. In August 2023, he competed at the World Championships in Budapest, but did not advance from the qualifiers, finishing in 21st place overall.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Holmfirth Civic Hall is a historic municipal building in Holmfirth, a town in West Yorkshire in England.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The building was constructed in 1842 as Holmfirth Town Hall, at a cost of £2,200. It was later used a magistrates' court and as a welfare clinic. In 1891/1892, a drill hall was constructed next door to the town hall, to serve the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the West Riding Regiment. In 1946, the borough council purchased both buildings and converted them into the civic hall, which opened on 7 November 1947. In 2017, the building was transferred to the ownership of Holme Valley Parish Council.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The two-storey former town hall building is constructed of stone, and it has a flat roof. The main facade is to the south-east, and it has three central bays, with tall windows, and single-bay wings either side. The building is five bays deep. The former drill hall is in the Tudor style, with a large hall and other rooms including an armory. The whole structure was grade II listed in 1983, along with its boundary wall and gate piers.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of Azerbaijan football transfers in the winter transfer window, by club. Only clubs of the 2023–24 Azerbaijan Premier League are included.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Macroom Town Hall (Irish: Halla an Bhaile Maigh Chromtha) is a municipal building in West Square at Macroom, County Cork, Ireland. It is currently used by Cork County Council for the delivery of local services.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The original market house in the town was commissioned by the McCarthy family in 1620. In 1703, much of the McCarthy family property, including the market house, was sold at auction to the \"Hollow Sword Blades Company\" which sold it on to Judge Francis Bernard and, from him, it was passed down through the Earls of Bandon, whose seat was at Bernard Castle. The right to hold markets was confirmed by Queen Anne on 30 September 1713.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "When a militia party of 15 United Irishmen, led by Malachi Duggan, raided Codrum House, the local home of Colonel Robert Hutchinson, of the Muskerry Blue Light Dragoons, on 19 April 1799, the raid went badly wrong, and Hutchinson got shot. The 15 men were arrested and tried for murder. Three men were found guilty of murder, sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered and their remains placed on spikes above the market house.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After the original building became dilapidated, the market house was rebuilt in rubble masonry around 1820. In the late 19th century the town commissioners, who had been appointed in accordance with the provisions of the Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act 1854, decided to convert the market house for municipal use. The local landowner, Olivia Charlotte Guinness, Baroness Ardilaun, agreed to make the site available for the purpose. In 1899, the town commissioners were replaced by an urban district council, with the new council taking over responsibility for the conversion works. The conversion was carried out by Buckley Bros, Ovens, at a cost of £1,320 to a design by Albert William Barnard and was completed in late 1904.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of five bays facing onto West Square with the end bays projected forward as pavilions. The central bay, which was also projected forward, featured a slightly recessed round headed doorway with voussoirs and a balcony on the first floor, which was accessed by external staircases on either side of the central bay. Above the doorway, there was a clock surmounted by a triangular pediment. The bays flanking the central bay were fenestrated by bi-partite windows on the first floor, while the outer bays were fenestrated by round headed windows with voussoirs on both floors.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A unit of Auxiliary Division cadets who had been resting in the billiard room at the town hall were slightly injured when a bomb was hurled through the window by Irish Volunteers in March 1921. A memorial, in the form of a cross on a pedestal, intended to commemorate the lives of soldiers of the Irish Republican Army who fought in the Irish War of Independence, was unveiled on a site to the southwest of the town hall, after the end of the war.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "A sculpture of two parents and their two children entitled \"The Family\" was unveiled by President Mary Robinson on 24 February 1996. A shield to commemorate her visit was installed on the front of the town hall. Another shield to commemorate the award of the Freedom of the Town to the financier, Dermot Desmond, was installed on the front of the town hall on 21 June 1998. The building continued to be used as the offices of the urban district council until 2002, and then as the offices of the successor town council. The building ceased to be the local seat of government in 2014, when the council was dissolved and administration of the town was amalgamated with Cork County Council in accordance with the Local Government Reform Act 2014.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hsipaw Palace, also known as the Hsipaw Haw (Burmese: သီပေါဟော်) or East Haw, is the former residence of the local ruler of Hsipaw State, a small principality in modern-day Myanmar (Burma). Built as an English country villa on a 5-acre compound, the palace is best known for being the residence of Sao Kya Seng and his consort Inge Sargent, and is the sole remaining palace in Hsipaw today.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hsipaw Palace was built by Sao Ohn Kya in 1924. It was the third of three palaces or (haw in Shan) constructed in Hsipaw, the others built by Sao Khun Sai in 1888, and Sakhantha Palace, built by Sao Khe in 1922. Sakhantha Palace (စခန်းသာဟော်), located in the village of Sakhantha, was used as a summer retreat by the ruling family and is built in the neoclassical style. The palace's left wing was burned down during World War II, while the rest of the building remains intact.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état, Sao Kya Seng was detained by authorities. His family vacated the palace premises in 1963, after 11 months of house arrest. In 1972, Sao Kya Seng's nephew Sao Oo Kya moved into the former palace, which was open to the public in 1996.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "#REDIRECT [[Presidential Palace, Garowe]]", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Do the Wrong Thing\" is the tenth episode of the thirty-fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 760th episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on December 24, 2023. The episode was directed by Rob Oliver and written by Joel H. Cohen.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In this episode, Homer and Bart bond over cheating while Lisa applies to university camps. Ken Marino and Dan Patrick guest star. The episode received mixed reviews.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Grampa is retiring as fishing champion and wants Homer to succeed him at the next competition. Meanwhile, Lisa is applying to university summer camps. Homer is worried because he never wins anything. At the competition, Homer struggles to catch a fish but finds a fish in his boat after it flips over. The fish is weighed as the heaviest, so Homer wins. While preparing the fish to be cooked, Homer finds marbles inside it. Bart admits to putting marbles in it, and Homer thanks him for cheating.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Homer brings Bart to various sporting competitions to help him cheat and win. Meanwhile, Lisa is worried because no one has replied to her applications. Lisa and Marge notice Homer and Bart's prizes from the competitions. Homer admits to Marge that he has been cheating, and he suggests that not cheating would hinder their children's opportunities. Later, Lisa is accepted to the University of Springfield camp's rowing team, which confuses her. She finds that her application contains altered photos of her rowing. At a competition, Lisa accuses Homer of cheating to get her into the camp and exposes his cheating to his competitors, which angers them.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After escaping from the competitors, Marge admits to being the one who cheated for Lisa. This shocks Homer and Bart, and they vow to stop cheating. They are kidnapped and taken to the University of Springfield where the dean says that all the admitted applicants are cheaters. Lisa refuses to attend. Seeing Homer's affinity for cheating, the dean offers Homer a job teaching it, but he also refuses. Later, it is shown that Bart is at the university teaching a class on cheating.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Writer Joel H. Cohen based the story on a video of a fishing tournament where the competitors cheated by inserting weights into the fish.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Sportscaster Dan Patrick guest starred as the rock-skipping announcer. Cohen and Patrick had written a book together about the National Football League. Ken Marino guest starred as Dean Belichick.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The subplot of Lisa trying to be admitted to a pre-college program is a reference to the Varsity Blues scandal. The initials of the University of Springfield Camp to which Lisa is admitted match the initials of the University of Southern California, which was involved in the Varsity Blues scandal. There is also a reference to the photos of actress Lori Loughlin's daughters on rowing machines to qualify them to be admitted for the USC rowing team.", "title": "Cultural references" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The university's Dean Belichick refers to football coach Bill Belichick, who, as the head coach of the New England Patriots, was a figure in the Spygate and Deflategate scandals. Belichick was fined $500,000 for recording opposing coaches' signals in the former scandal. He was not punished for deflating footballs in the latter scandal.", "title": "Cultural references" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Bart is shown teaching at the \"Jim Harbaugh Center for Competitive Imbalance,\" which refers to the head coach of the Michigan Wolverines football team. A member of Harbaugh's staff was involved with the Michigan Wolverines football sign-stealing scandal. Although Harbaugh has not been implicated, he was suspended for three games. The university also has a building called Sam Bankman-Fried Hall, referring to his fraud charges.", "title": "Cultural references" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The episode also refers to the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal, the Lance Armstrong doping allegations, and issues involved with LIV Golf.", "title": "Cultural references" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The episode earned a 1.46 rating with 5.41 million viewers, which was the most-watched show on Fox that night.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "John Schwarz of Bubbleblabber gave the episode an 8 out of 10. He liked the performances by the guest stars and the jokes about sports in the United States. He would have preferred more commentary about the people involved in the Varsity Blues scandal.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Mike Celestino of Laughing Place thought the episode was \"middle-of-the-road.\" He liked how the subplot became intertwined with the main plot, but he was not sure why the episode was airing the day before Christmas.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Francis Graille (born 25 April 1955) is a French businessman and executive. He has worked for various media companies, and served as the president of professional football clubs Lille OSC, Paris Saint-Germain, and AJ Auxerre.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1982, Graille began his career working as a local correspondent for news agency Agence France-Presse in his native Le Puy-en-Velay. In 1986, he became a regional manager at radio station NRJ, before discovering the world of television with Télé Lyon Métropole. Graille would go on to found Concept TV and Visual TV, two television production companies.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1999 to 2002, Graille worked as the director of football club Lille OSC, in association with Luc Dayan [fr]. From 2003 to 2005, he was the president of Paris Saint-Germain.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2006, Graille started working in film production by founding Holi Films. In 2007, he became an executive at Sportfive, which had been recently acquired by Lagardère Group. He was in charge of the company's media branch, and specialized in the promotion of TV rights. He left Sportfive in 2009.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In June 2010, Graille received an eight-month suspended sentence and a €20,000 fine for illegal transfer dealings during his time as the president of Paris Saint-Germain. His predecessor Laurent Perpère [fr] was also convicted.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 17 May 2017, Graille became the president of football club AJ Auxerre, as a representative of Chinese majority owner ORG Technology. He left in May 2021, and was replaced by James Zhou [fr], the owner of ORG Technology.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oleksa Yakovych Shatkivskyi (born May 28, 1908, in the hamlet of Smikh, near Pochaiv, died on June 28, 1979, in Lviv, was a Ukrainian painter and graphic artist originally from Pochaiv in Volhynia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "From 1914, he lived in Sicheslavschyna. In 1918, he returned home and studied at the Pochaiv Icon Painting Workshop. His first teachers were Oleksandr Tsykutskyi and Oleksandr Yakymchuk (1926–1930). After that since 1931 he continued education at the Warsaw School of Applied Arts from Tadeusz Pruszkowski (received 14 awards for painting and graphics), and Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw (class of Władysław Skoczylas and Leon Wyczółkowski). From 1931, he was a member of the Ukrainian artists' group \"Spokij.\" During his time in Europe, he visited museums in Berlin, Dresden, and Paris. As a member of the Ukrainian art group \"Spokij,\" he exhibited in Warsaw, Lviv, Rivne, Lutsk, at the international student exhibition in Romania, and in 1976 in Vancouver, Canada.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1939, he returned to Pochaiv from Warsaw and taught at the Pochaiv Secondary School while continuing his artistic work. After World War II, he worked as an artist at the Ternopil Drama Theater named after T. Shevchenko. His theater sketches and decorations are now kept in the Ternopil Regional State Archive. From 1946, he lived in Lviv.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Shatkivsky became a teacher at the Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts (now the Academy of Arts) in Lviv from 1948 and at the Polygraphic Institute named after Ivan Fedorov in 1950 (now the Academy of Printing).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He exhibited his works from 1932 in Moscow, Warsaw, Lviv, Lutsk, Rivne, and other cities. In the late 1950s, significant changes occurred in his painting style. Alongside his main themes – lyrical landscapes, still lifes, predominantly flowers – he turned to depicting portraits of Ukrainian cultural classics, historical figures, and folk customs. In addition to his surname \"Shatkivsky,\" he also used \"Smikh-Shatkivsky,\" associated with the ancient Smikh family – owners of estates near Pochaiv.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Oleksa Shatkivsky died in Lviv on June 28, 1979, and is buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, plot No. 32. The gravestone was designed by Theodosia Bryzh.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1981, a large posthumous exhibition of Oleksa Shatkivsky's works took place in Lviv and Ternopil.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Oleksa Shatkivsky's works are housed in the Lviv and Lutsk art galleries, the National Union of Artists of Ukraine in Kyiv, the National Museum of Poland in Warsaw, and private collections.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "His numerous paintings depict landscapes of Volhynia, the Carpathians, and Lviv, paintings for the 100th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko's death (1961), and many lithographs and engravings.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Shatkivsky's creativity is marked by features of impressionism and belongs to the post-impressionism movement that emerged in the 1880s. Artists of this movement sought visual impressions and aimed to convey the materiality of the world freely and abstractly, resorting to decorative stylization.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Retrospective exhibitions of Shatkivsky's works took place in Lviv in 1968, 2008 (dedicated to the centenary of his birth, at the Lviv National Museum), and in 2023 (Graphics of Oleksa Shatkivsky, LNMA, Lviv).", "title": "Works" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hoyland Town Hall is a former municipal building in Hoyland, in South Yorkshire, in England.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A town hall was constructed by Nether Hoyland Urban District Council (UDC) in the late Victorian period. In 1972, the council demolished the building, and replaced it with a new hall, the ground floor serving as a supermarket. In 1974, the UDC became part of Barnsley Metropolitan District Council, which retained the building as offices. By 2004, the offices had been mothballed. That year, a covert listening device was found when a clock fell off a wall, the origin of which could not be established.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Co-op Food supermarket on the ground floor closed in 2019. A planning application proposed converting the building into 27 apartments, but this was rejected on the grounds that some would be unacceptably small or lack sufficient light. Instead, in 2022, it was re-purchased by the district council, and it was later converted into 21 apartments.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "“It became quite a healing experience for us both. A kind of rediscovering of who we are as artists and as people as well. We were kind of redefining ourselves, and that took quite a long time. I always feel like we’re always in this cycle of destruction and then creation. I think most artists go through that a lot, and I think that’s part of the creative process. You have to pull everything down so that you can start again and rebuild anew. It was like starting all over again and it was one of the most terrifying things we’ve ever done.”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "—James Taylor of Wings of Desire on leaving former band INHEAVEN with Chloe Little and releasing music with this group.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Life Is Infinite is the debut album from British electronic music and indie rock duo Wings of Desire. The compilation includes previously released singles by the band as well as the new tracks \"001 [Tame the War, Feed the Fire]\" and \"A Gun in Every Home\"; it has received positive reviews from critics.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In DIY, Joe Goggins gave Life Is Infinite 3.5 out of 5 stars, calling it \"a bit of a mixed bag\" that \"demonstrated plenty of promise\". This was Album of the Week at Paste, where critic Matt Mitchell scored it an 8.2 out of 10, characterizing the music as \"the sonics never teeter on messy or chaotic, it takes massive chemistry to make rock music this sensational\". The publication also chose the single “Chance of a Lifetime“ / “I Will Try My Best“ as some of the best music of October 2023. At Under the Radar, Caleb Campbell rated this compilation an 8 out of 10, encouraging listeners \"if you dig into the collection, you’ll find some of this year’s most joyous, inspired, and life-affirming music, the kind that will make you feel like the main character of your own cinematic drama\" and this was rated the 84th best album of 2023. Prior to the album release, three of the singles made listings for best songs of the week from the magazine: \"Choose a Life\" in September 2022, \"Runnin'\" in February 2023, and \"Be Here Now\" in August 2023.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "All songs written by Chloe Little and James Taylor", "title": "Track listing" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Wings of Desire", "title": "Personnel" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Additional personnel", "title": "Personnel" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Life Is Infinite placed number 20 on the Official Independent Album Breakers Chart in the United Kingdom in its first week after release.", "title": "Chart performance" } ]

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