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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"There is a longing\" is a 1973 Christian hymn with text and music by Anne Quigley. It has appeared from 1992 in hymnals in English, and also in German from 1999, translated by Eugen Eckert to \"Da wohnt ein Sehnen tief in uns\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The English composer and hymn writer Anne Quigley wrote the lyrics and the melody in 1973. It was published by Oregon Press Publications in 1992, and in several hymnals.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1999 Eugen Eckert translated the song into German under the title \"Da wohnt ein Sehnen tief in uns\". It became part of several hymnals and songbooks, including the common Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 102 and regional sections of the common Catholic hymnal Gotteslob.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The text is in four stanzas; the refrain about a longing in the group of singers opens the song, while the stanzas express prayers for specific desired situations such as peace and freedom. The longing for God's presence comes from sorrow and hurt, helplessness and anxiety regarding the future in a presence full of wars and dangers. The melody has been described as soft and tender, the opposite of battle songs.", "title": "Text, theme and music" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of statements by major scientific organizations about climate change, that have issued formal statements of opinion, classifies those organizations according to whether they concur with the IPCC view (i.e. the scientific consensus on climate change), are non-committal, or dissent from it.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The California Governor's Office website lists nearly 200 worldwide scientific organizations who hold the position that climate change has been caused by human action.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since 2001, 34 national science academies, three regional academies, and both the international InterAcademy Council and International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences have made formal declarations confirming human induced global warming and urging nations to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The 34 national science academy statements include 33 who have signed joint science academy statements and one individual declaration by the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2007.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change. The IPCC should be congratulated for the contribution it has made to public understanding of the nexus that exists between energy, climate and sustainability.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In December 2007, the General Assembly of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk), which has not been a signatory to joint national science academy statements issued a declaration endorsing the IPCC conclusions, and stating:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "it is the duty of Polish science and the national government to, in a thoughtful, organized and active manner, become involved in realisation of these ideas.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Problems of global warming, climate change, and their various negative impacts on human life and on the functioning of entire societies are one of the most dramatic challenges of modern times.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "PAS General Assembly calls on the national scientific communities and the national government to actively support Polish participation in this important endeavor.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society. ... The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control greenhouse gas emissions is now.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Global climate change is real and measurable. ... To reduce the global net economic, environmental and social losses in the face of these impacts, the policy objective must remain squarely focused on returning greenhouse gas concentrations to near pre-industrial levels through the reduction of emissions. The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes is also a reflection of natural variability. Human-induced warming and associated sea level rises are expected to continue through the 21st century. ... The IPCC's conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects the current thinking of the scientific community on this issue.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The globe is warming because of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Measurements show that greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are well above levels seen for many thousands of years. Further global climate changes are predicted, with impacts expected to become more costly as time progresses. Reducing future impacts of climate change will require substantial reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, including agriculture and deforestation.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming. Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Documented long-term climate changes include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. The above development potentially has dramatic consequences for mankind's future.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change ... On-going and increased efforts to mitigate climate change through reduction in greenhouse gases are therefore crucial.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Current patterns of energy resources and energy usage are proving detrimental to the long-term welfare of humanity. The integrity of essential natural systems is already at risk from climate change caused by the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases. Concerted efforts should be mounted for improving energy efficiency and reducing the carbon intensity of the world economy.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "As reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human-produced emission of greenhouse gases and this warming will continue unabated if present anthropogenic emissions continue or, worse, expand without control. CAETS, therefore, endorses the many recent calls to decrease and control greenhouse gas emissions to an acceptable level as quickly as possible.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The American Geophysical Union (AGU) adopted a statement on Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases in 1998. A new statement, adopted by the society in 2003, revised in 2007, and revised and expanded in 2013, affirms that rising levels of greenhouse gases have caused and will continue to cause the global surface temperature to be warmer:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Human activities are changing Earth's climate. At the global level, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases have increased sharply since the Industrial Revolution. Fossil fuel burning dominates this increase. Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years. Because natural processes cannot quickly remove some of these gases (notably carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere, our past, present, and future emissions will influence the climate system for millennia. While important scientific uncertainties remain as to which particular impacts will be experienced where, no uncertainties are known that could make the impacts of climate change inconsequential. Furthermore, surprise outcomes, such as the unexpectedly rapid loss of Arctic summer sea ice, may entail even more dramatic changes than anticipated.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "In May 2011, the American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) issued a joint position statement on climate change as it relates to agriculture:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "A comprehensive body of scientific evidence indicates beyond reasonable doubt that global climate change is now occurring and that its manifestations threaten the stability of societies as well as natural and managed ecosystems. Increases in ambient temperatures and changes in related processes are directly linked to rising anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Unless the emissions of GHGs are curbed significantly, their concentrations will continue to rise, leading to changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables that will undoubtedly affect agriculture around the world.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Climate change has the potential to increase weather variability as well as gradually increase global temperatures. Both of these impacts have the potential to negatively impact the adaptability and resilience of the world's food production capacity; current research indicates climate change is already reducing the productivity of vulnerable cropping systems.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "In 2008, the European Federation of Geologists (EFG) issued the position paper Carbon Capture and geological Storage:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "The EFG recognizes the work of the IPCC and other organizations, and subscribes to the major findings that climate change is happening, is predominantly caused by anthropogenic emissions of CO2, and poses a significant threat to human civilization.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "It is clear that major efforts are necessary to quickly and strongly reduce CO2 emissions. The EFG strongly advocates renewable and sustainable energy production, including geothermal energy, as well as the need for increasing energy efficiency.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "CCS [Carbon Capture and geological Storage] should also be regarded as a bridging technology, facilitating the move towards a carbon free economy.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "In 2005, the Divisions of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) issued a position statement in support of the Joint national science academy statements on global response to climate change. The statement refers to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), as \"the main representative of the global scientific community\", and asserts that the IPCC:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "...represents the state-of-the-art of climate science supported by the major science academies around the world and by the vast majority of science researchers and investigators as documented by the peer-reviewed scientific literature.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Additionally, in 2008, the EGU issued a position statement on ocean acidification which states, \"Ocean acidification is already occurring today and will continue to intensify, closely tracking atmospheric CO2 increase. Given the potential threat to marine ecosystems and its ensuing impact on human society and economy, especially as it acts in conjunction with anthropogenic global warming, there is an urgent need for immediate action.\" The statement then advocates for strategies \"to limit future release of CO2 to the atmosphere and/or enhance removal of excess CO2 from the atmosphere\". And, in 2018 the EGU issued a statement concurring with the findings of the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C, with Jonathan Bamber, president of the organisation, noting: \"EGU concurs with, and supports, the findings of the SR15 that action to curb the most dangerous consequences of human-induced climate change is urgent, of the utmost importance and the window of opportunity extremely limited.\"", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "In 2006, the Geological Society of America adopted a position statement on global climate change. It amended this position on 20 April 2010, with more explicit comments on need for CO2 reduction:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Decades of scientific research have shown that climate can change from both natural and anthropogenic causes. The Geological Society of America (GSA) concurs with assessments by the National Academies of Science (2005), the National Research Council (2006), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) that global climate has warmed and that human activities (mainly greenhouse‐gas emissions) account for most of the warming since the middle 1900s. If current trends continue, the projected increase in global temperature by the end of the twenty first century will result in large impacts on humans and other species. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change will require a combination of adaptation to the changes that are likely to occur and global reductions of CO2 emissions from anthropogenic sources.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "In November 2010, the Geological Society of London issued the position statement Climate change: evidence from the geological record:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "The last century has seen a rapidly growing global population and much more intensive use of resources, leading to greatly increased emissions of gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, from the burning of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), and from agriculture, cement production and deforestation. Evidence from the geological record is consistent with the physics that shows that adding large amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere warms the world and may lead to: higher sea levels and flooding of low-lying coasts; greatly changed patterns of rainfall; increased acidity of the oceans; and decreased oxygen levels in seawater. There is now widespread concern that the Earth's climate will warm further, not only because of the lingering effects of the added carbon already in the system, but also because of further additions as human population continues to grow. Life on Earth has survived large climate changes in the past, but extinctions and major redistribution of species have been associated with many of them. When the human population was small and nomadic, a rise in sea level of a few metres would have had very little effect on Homo sapiens. With the current and growing global population, much of which is concentrated in coastal cities, such a rise in sea level would have a drastic effect on our complex society, especially if the climate were to change as suddenly as it has at times in the past. Equally, it seems likely that as warming continues some areas may experience less precipitation leading to drought. With both rising seas and increasing drought, pressure for human migration could result on a large scale.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "In July 2007, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) adopted a resolution titled \"The Urgency of Addressing Climate Change\". In it, the IUGG concurs with the \"comprehensive and widely accepted and endorsed scientific assessments carried out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and regional and national bodies, which have firmly established, on the basis of scientific evidence, that human activities are the primary cause of recent climate change\". They state further that the \"continuing reliance on combustion of fossil fuels as the world's primary source of energy will lead to much higher atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, which will, in turn, cause significant increases in surface temperature, sea level, ocean acidification, and their related consequences to the environment and society\".", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "In July 2009, the National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT) adopted a position statement on climate change in which they assert that \"Earth's climate is changing [and] \"that present warming trends are largely the result of human activities\":", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "NAGT strongly supports and will work to promote education in the science of climate change, the causes and effects of current global warming, and the immediate need for policies and actions that reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "The American Meteorological Society (AMS) published a statement supporting the IPCC consensus in 2003.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "The nature of science is such that there is rarely total agreement among scientists. Individual scientific statements and papers—the validity of some of which has yet to be assessed adequately—can be exploited in the policy debate and can leave the impression that the scientific community is sharply divided on issues where there is, in reality, a strong scientific consensus ... IPCC assessment reports are prepared at approximately five-year intervals by a large international group of experts who represent the broad range of expertise and perspectives relevant to the issues. The reports strive to reflect a consensus evaluation of the results of the full body of peer-reviewed research ... They provide an analysis of what is known and not known, the degree of consensus, and some indication of the degree of confidence that can be placed on the various statements and conclusions.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "The statement adopted by the AMS council in 2012 concluded:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "There is unequivocal evidence that Earth's lower atmosphere, ocean, and land surface are warming; sea level is rising; and snow cover, mountain glaciers, and Arctic sea ice are shrinking. The dominant cause of the warming since the 1950s is human activities. This scientific finding is based on a large and persuasive body of research. The observed warming will be irreversible for many years into the future, and even larger temperature increases will occur as greenhouse gases continue to accumulate in the atmosphere. Avoiding this future warming will require a large and rapid reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. The ongoing warming will increase risks and stresses to human societies, economies, ecosystems, and wildlife through the 21st century and beyond, making it imperative that society respond to a changing climate. To inform decisions on adaptation and mitigation, it is critical that we improve our understanding of the global climate system and our ability to project future climate through continued and improved monitoring and research. This is especially true for smaller (seasonal and regional) scales and weather and climate extremes, and for important hydroclimatic variables such as precipitation and water availability. Technological, economic, and policy choices in the near future will determine the extent of future impacts of climate change. Science-based decisions are seldom made in a context of absolute certainty. National and international policy discussions should include consideration of the best ways to both adapt to and mitigate climate change. Mitigation will reduce the amount of future climate change and the risk of impacts that are potentially large and dangerous. At the same time, some continued climate change is inevitable, and policy responses should include adaptation to climate change. Prudence dictates extreme care in accounting for our relationship with the only planet known to be capable of sustaining human life.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "A 2016 survey found that two-thirds of AMS members think that all or most of climate change is caused by human activity.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 45, "text": "The Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society has issued a Statement on Climate Change, wherein they conclude:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 46, "text": "Global climate change and global warming are real and observable ... It is highly likely that those human activities that have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been largely responsible for the observed warming since 1950. The warming associated with increases in greenhouse gases originating from human activity is called the enhanced greenhouse effect. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by more than 30% since the start of the industrial age and is higher now than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years. This increase is a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 47, "text": "In November 2005, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) issued a letter to the Prime Minister of Canada stating that:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 48, "text": "We concur with the climate science assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 ... We endorse the conclusions of the IPCC assessment that 'There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities'. ... There is increasingly unambiguous evidence of changing climate in Canada and around the world. There will be increasing impacts of climate change on Canada's natural ecosystems and on our socio-economic activities. Advances in climate science since the 2001 IPCC Assessment have provided more evidence supporting the need for action and development of a strategy for adaptation to projected changes.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 49, "text": "In November 2009, a letter to the Canadian Parliament by The Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society states:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 50, "text": "Rigorous international research, including work carried out and supported by the Government of Canada, reveals that greenhouse gases resulting from human activities contribute to the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and constitute a serious risk to the health and safety of our society, as well as having an impact on all life.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 51, "text": "In February 2007, after the release of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report, the Royal Meteorological Society issued an endorsement of the report. In addition to referring to the IPCC as \"[the] world's best climate scientists\", they stated that climate change is happening as \"the result of emissions since industrialization and we have already set in motion the next 50 years of global warming – what we do from now on will determine how worse it will get.\"", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 52, "text": "In its Statement at the Twelfth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change presented on 15 November 2006, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) confirms the need to \"prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system\". The WMO concurs that \"scientific assessments have increasingly reaffirmed that human activities are indeed changing the composition of the atmosphere, in particular through the burning of fossil fuels for energy production and transportation\". The WMO concurs that \"the present atmospheric concentration of CO2 was never exceeded over the past 420,000 years\"; and that the IPCC \"assessments provide the most authoritative, up-to-date scientific advice\".", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 53, "text": "The American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) has stated:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 54, "text": "Few credible scientists now doubt that humans have influenced the documented rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution. The first government-led U.S. Climate Change Science Program synthesis and assessment report supports the growing body of evidence that warming of the atmosphere, especially over the past 50 years, is directly impacted by human activity.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 55, "text": "The statement on climate change issued by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) reiterates the conclusions of the IPCC, and urges all nations to take prompt action in line with the UNFCCC principles:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 56, "text": "Human activities are now causing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases—including carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide—to rise well above pre-industrial levels ... Increases in greenhouse gases are causing temperatures to rise ... The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action ... Minimizing the amount of this carbon dioxide reaching the atmosphere presents a huge challenge but must be a global priority.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 57, "text": "", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 58, "text": "Life science organizations have outlined the dangers climate change pose to wildlife:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 59, "text": "A number of health organizations have warned about the numerous negative health effects of global warming:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 60, "text": "The effects of climate change on human health are increasingly well studied and quantified. Rising temperatures and changes in weather patterns are increasing the frequency and severity of heat waves, wildfires, droughts, floods, landslides, hurricanes, and other causes of injury and illness. Heat waves and extreme weather events have a big impact on health both directly and indirectly. Direct effects of exposure to high and extended temperatures include illness, reduced labour capacity for outdoor workers, and heat-related mortality.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 61, "text": "In 1945, Albert Einstein and other scientists who created atomic weapons used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki founded the \"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists\" and created the \"Doomsday Clock\". The goal of the clock is to convey threats to humanity and the planet, and to create public awareness that will lead to solutions. In the beginning, the Doomsday Clock focused on the dangers of nuclear war, but in the 21st century, it has begun to deal with other issues like climate change and disinformation on the internet.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 62, "text": "On 23 January 2020 the organization moved the doomsday clock to 100 seconds before midnight, closer than ever. It explained that it did it because of three factors:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 63, "text": "The organization praised the climate movement of young people and called to citizens and governments to act to take greater action on climate change.", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 64, "text": "A number of other national scientific societies have also endorsed the opinion of the IPCC:", "title": "Concurring with current scientific consensus" }, { "paragraph_id": 65, "text": "", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 66, "text": "The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 67, "text": "As of June 2007, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Position Statement on climate change stated:", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 68, "text": "the AAPG membership is divided on the degree of influence that anthropogenic CO2 has on recent and potential global temperature increases ... Certain climate simulation models predict that the warming trend will continue, as reported through NAS, AGU, AAAS and AMS. AAPG respects these scientific opinions but wants to add that the current climate warming projections could fall within well-documented natural variations in past climate and observed temperature data. These data do not necessarily support the maximum case scenarios forecast in some models.", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 69, "text": "Prior to the adoption of this statement, the AAPG was the only major scientific organization that rejected the finding of significant human influence on recent climate, according to a statement by the Council of the American Quaternary Association. Explaining the plan for a revision, AAPG president Lee Billingsly wrote in March 2007:", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 70, "text": "Members have threatened to not renew their memberships ... if AAPG does not alter its position on global climate change ... And I have been told of members who already have resigned in previous years because of our current global climate change position ... The current policy statement is not supported by a significant number of our members and prospective members.", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 71, "text": "AAPG President John Lorenz announced the \"sunsetting\" of AAPG's Global Climate Change Committee in January 2010. The AAPG Executive Committee determined:", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 72, "text": "Climate change is peripheral at best to our science ... AAPG does not have credibility in that field ... and as a group we have no particular knowledge of global atmospheric geophysics.", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 73, "text": "The official position statement from AIPG on the Environment states that \"combustion of fossil fuel include and the generation of GHGs [greenhouse gases] including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Emissions of GHGs are perceived by some to be one of the largest, global environmental concerns related to energy production due to potential effects on the global energy system and possibly global climate. Fossil fuel use is the primary source of the increased atmospheric concentration of GHGs since industrialization\".", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 74, "text": "In March 2010, AIPG's Executive Director issued a statement regarding polarization of opinions on climate change within the membership and announced that the AIPG Executive had made a decision to cease publication of articles and opinion pieces concerning climate change in AIPG's news journal, The Professional Geologist.", "title": "Non-committal" }, { "paragraph_id": 75, "text": "Since 2007, when the American Association of Petroleum Geologists released a revised statement, no longer does any national or international scientific body reject the findings of human-induced effects on climate change.", "title": "Opposing" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zoljargal Purevdash Mongolian filmmaker. Commonly known as If Only I Could Hibernate director. From 2008 to 2012 she studied film director at the J. F. Oberlin University in Japan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Her first short film Over the City, Under the Sky (2010) won the Cinema Club Award from the West Tokyo City Film Festival. After graduating from film school in Japan, she returned to Mongolia and worked on several films as a first assistant director. Since then, she has directed two experimental short films called Burgundy (2013) and Outliers (2017), both screened at the Altan Khalis Independent Film Festival.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It had its world premiere at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2023, in the Un Certain Regard section. It is also invited at the 28th Busan International Film Festival in 'A Window on Asian Cinema' section and will be screened in October 2023.", "title": "If Only I Could Hibernate Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Banco Nacional do Comércio (English: National Bank of Commerce), also known as Banmércio, was the second commercial bank created in Rio Grande do Sul. It began operations on April 1, 1895 under the name Banco do Comércio.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Banco Nacional do Comércio was founded by the commercial companies Caetano Pinto & Franco and Azevedo Irmãos & Cia, and the merchants Edmundo Dreher, Hugo Gertum, Francisco Gonçalves and Fernando do Amaral Ribeiro. Francisco Gonçalves Carneiro, Eduardo Dreher and Manoel Gonçalves Junior formed the institution's first board of directors. The company started with six employees; by 1899 it had 15, 21 in 1909 and 410 in 1919. It reached 954 employees in 1944.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At the beginning, Banco Nacional do Comércio struggled due to the economic difficulties in the area, which made it limit its operations to mortgage loans. As a result, the company accumulated many properties acquired in the liquidation of defaulting creditors' accounts. In 1906, Banco Nacional do Comércio, along with Banco da Província, participated in the creation of Companhia Força e Luz and Companhia de Seguros Previdência do Sul, both in Porto Alegre.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "From 1915, the firm began to establish branches in other locations such as Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso and Paraná. By 1919, it had fifteen agencies throughout Rio Grande do Sul. Unlike other banks at the time, it refused to expand throughout the country, restricting itself to the southern region. The company's main activity involved commerce and industry, but it also operated in the public sector, providing credit support to the Municipal Intendency of Rio Grande. In 1917, it was renamed Banco Nacional do Comércio. Alongside Banco da Província and Banco Pelotense, it was a shareholder and co-founder of Companhia de Fumos Santa Cruz in 1918.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On January 2, 1945, the company celebrated its 50th anniversary; Albino Chaves de Souza, Salathiel Soares de Barros, Jorge Bento and Joaquim José de Brito were the directors in charge. At the time, it had 89 branches throughout Rio Grande do Sul and neighboring states. At the end of 1965, the majority of its shares were acquired by Montepio da Família Militar. At the beginning of 1967 it was the first bank in Rio Grande do Sul authorized to receive FGTS deposits. In 1973, together with Banco da Província and Banco Industrial e Comercial, it became part of Banco Sulbrasileiro.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Its former headquarters, located in the center of Porto Alegre, have held the offices of several banks, including Banco Meridional. Since the 2000s, it has been the seat of Santander Cultural.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Breath of Life is a 2023 Nigerian film directed by BB Sasore and produced by Eku Edewor. It was released on November 15, 2023, as an Amazon Prime Video original film. It was the closing film at the 2023 Africa International Film Festival.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Narrated by Elijah, the story follows Timi, a young man who excelled academically, spoke 16 languages and became the first African clergyman in the Church of England. After marrying Bridget and having a daughter, he returns to Nigeria, leading a fulfilling life until tragedy strikes. His family falls victim to Baby Fire, a local thug, leading to a series of tragic events that turn Timi into a recluse. The film later introduces Elijah, who changes Timi's life and helps him rediscover his faith and purpose.", "title": "Synopsis" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tobias Vangsted Thomsen (born 23 August 1994) is a motorcycle speedway rider from Denmark. He has represented the Danish national team in longtrack.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During the 2016 Danish speedway season and the 2018 Danish speedway season, he helped contribute towards a league winning season for Region Varde Elitesport.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2019, he first appeared in the British speedway leagues after joining Birmingham Brummies for the SGB Championship 2019 season where he finished with a 3.93 average. In 2023, he rode for the Danish team World longtrack team final.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He returned to British speedway in 2024, when he signed for the Poole Pirates to race in the SGB Championship 2024.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zubir bin Ahmad is a Malaysian politician. He was appointed as Speaker of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly on 25 September 2023. He is the Chief of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Langkawi Division.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Norwich City Services Limited also known as NCSL or Norwich Services Ltd is a municipal services company wholly owned by Norwich City Council. Established in 2020, the company aims to provide essential services to the residents and businesses of Norwich, England.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Founded by Norwich City Council, on 9 June 2020 the company was established as a means to streamline and enhance the provision of essential services critical to the local community.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Norwich City Services Ltd, offers a range of services beyond those provided on behalf of the City council, including environmental, cleaning, and grounds maintenance services for private businesses, organizations, and schools. Prices are available upon request. The current services available to book include:", "title": "Private customers" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matt Cooper is an Australian scientist and researcher focused on platform technologies, clinical diagnostics, therapeutics for inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Cooper completed his BSc and PhD in Organic Chemistry in 1995 at the University of Adelaide, Australia. He then worked at the University of Cambridge, where he worked on biosensors and molecular recognition.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He has focused on interactions of ligands with membrane receptors.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He returned to Australia with a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Fellowship at the University of Queensland, where he founded the Center for Superbug Solutions, Community for Open Access Antibiotic Discovery (CO-ADD), and Center for Drug Discovery and Design.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He is the founder of Sitala, a biotech company focused on blocking harmful inflammation linked to Parkinson’s disease. Along with Luke O'Neill, he co-founded Inflazome, which was sold to Roche in September 2020 for AUS $620 million.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Melanie Arndt (born 1977) is a German environmental historian.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Arndt has a joint master's degree in political science from the University of Potsdam and in modern history and eastern European studies from the Free University of Berlin, awarded in 2004. She wrote her doctoral dissertation in history at the Humboldt University of Berlin in 2008. In 2018 she habilitated at Regensburg University. Since 2020, she has been the chair for economic, social and environmental history at the University of Freiburg.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since 2018 she has been a member of the advisory board of the trade journal Zeithistorische Forschungen (Studies in Contemporal History); previously she was an editor for the magazine since 2012.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2023 she was elected as part-time vice rector for internationalization and sustainability at Freiburg.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Arndt's main focuses of work are contemporary history, environmental history and social history, historical disaster research, civil society and transnational history.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Arndt is the author of:", "title": "Work" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 BWF Continental Circuit is a Grade 3 badminton tournaments in 2024 organized by each continental confederation under the auspices of the BWF. The circuit consists of 53 tournaments, which are divided into three levels:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Each of these tournaments offers different ranking points and prize money.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the BWF Continental Circuit events.", "title": "Points distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Below is the schedule released by Badminton World Federation:", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Below are the 2024 BWF Continental Circuit performances by country. Only countries who have won a title are listed:", "title": "Statistics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Uranium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula UBr3. It is radioactive.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Uranium(III) bromide can be obtained by the reaction of uranium metal or uranium(III) hydride and hydrogen bromide, or it can also be prepared by the thermal decomposition of NH4UBr4·1.5CH3CN·6H2O. It is difficult to synthesize due to its rapid oxidation in both water and air.", "title": "Preparation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The following is a list of notable events and developments that are related to Philippine sports in 2024.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mohamed Khaleel (Dhivehi: މުޙައްމަދު ޚަލީލް, Arabic: محمد خليل, Japanese: モハメド・カリール born 29 October 1965) is a Maldivian official, ambassador, and high commissioner.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1983, after completing his secondary education at Majeediyya School in his hometown of Malé, he became a government official.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1994, he received a degree in Environmental Law and Political Science from Jawaharlal Nehru University, where he studied abroad. In 1995, he received training in Environmental Management in Japan.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "From 2002 to 2008, he served as Director of the Singapore Office and deputy director of the Maldivian Office at the Maldivian Government Trade Center.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He was a high commissioner to Singapore (Ambassador level) from 2008 to 2014.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 16 June 2019, he was appointed Ambassador to Saudi Arabia by President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih. On October 23 of the same year, he presented his credentials to King Salman of Saudi Arabia.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 10 July 2019, he was appointed non-resident Ambassador to Kuwait and Ambassador to Jordan. On 5 December 2021, he presented his credentials to King Abdullah II of Jordan.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On 27 November 2019, he was appointed as a non-resident Ambassador to Oman. On February 18, 2021, he presented his credentials to Sultan Haitham of Oman.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "On 17 August 2020, he was appointed as a non-resident ambassador to Bahrain. On August 25, 2021, he presented his credentials to King Hamad of Bahrain.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "On February 15, 2021, he was appointed as the first non-resident ambassador to Palestine.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Irakli Bidzinashvili (Georgian: ირაკლი ბიძინაშვილი; born 27 February 1997) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Erovnuli Liga club Dinamo Batumi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bidzinashvili has won the top Georgian league.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A product of Saburtalo's academy, Bidzinashvili started his professional career at this club at the age of 16. On 21 September 2013, he came off the bench in Saburtalo's second-division game against STU. On 24 March 2014, he contributed with his first senior career goal to a 4–1 over Samgurali.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The next year Saburtalo secured promotion to the Umaglesi Liga with Bidzinashvili taking part in 25 league games. His first top-division goal came in a dramatic 2–2 draw against Samtredia, in which Bidzinashvili scored a late leveller.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Having played 84 games for Saburtalo, Bidzinashvili left the team in 2017. Following a short-time spell at Armenian club Noah, he joined Latvian side Jelgava.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2020, Bidzinashvili returned to Georgia and joined Dila Gori, where twice in a row he won the bronze medals of the Erovnuli Liga. In 2021, apart from making a debut in UEFA Europa Conference League qualifiers with two appearances, Bidzinashvili became a key player who among two other footballers was nominated as the best midfielder. Although ultimately not selected, Bidzinashvili featured in Team of the Year.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After this season he signed with crowned champions Dinamo Batumi. In his first two years, Bidzinashvili became a regular player for this title-chasing club by taking part in 59 league games. In 2023, he won his first top title with Dinamo.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Dinamo Batumi", "title": "Honours" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Erovnuli Liga (1): 2023", "title": "Honours" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Erovnuli Liga Team of the Year (1): 2021", "title": "Honours" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ready for the World may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William Henderson should link here", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "William B. Henderson was a farmer and state legislator in North Carolina. He was a a Republican. He was African American.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He lived in Middleburg, North Carolina.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1892 he was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives, but John P. Leach and the Democrats unseated him and several other Republicans. He represented Vance County in the North Carolina Senate in 1897.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1898, North Carolina Governor D. L. Russell appointed him as fertilizer inspector.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chinese character frequency (simplified Chinese: 汉字字频; traditional Chinese: 漢字字頻; pinyin: hànzì zì pín) is the applicational frequency of characters in written Chinese. It is calculated on a corpus, i.e., a collection of texts representing one or more languages. The frequency of a character is the ratio of the number of its occurrences to the total number of characters in the corpus, with the formula of", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "where ni is the number of times a certain (i) Chinese character appears in the corpus, and N is the total number of (occurrences of) characters in the corpus.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Chinese character frequency is fundamental to quantitative linguistics of Chinese, and is of referential value to Chinese language teaching and information processing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first person to make a serious statistic study on the frequency of Chinese characters was Chen Heqin (陳鶴琴). In the 1920s, he and his assistants spent over two years manually counting and comparing the characters in a corpus of six categories of texts. There were totally 554,478 characters in 4,261 different character forms. They then compiled a book entitled Applied Lexis of Vernacular Chinese (語體文應用字彙). The 10 most frequently-used characters in their corpus are, by descending frequency,", "title": "Origins" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2001, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) published a number of frequency lists on the Web, entitled \"Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan Chinese Frequency: a Trans-regional Diachronic Survey\". The frequency data came from a grand corpus with a number of sub-corpora representing the Chinese languages in the three regions of Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan and in the two time periods of the 1960s and 1980/90's. Each sub-corpus consists of approximately 660,000 characters, making a total of 3,970,514 characters for the whole corpus. Each sub-corpus includes about 5,000 different characters, as shown by their frequency lists.", "title": "A trans-regional diachronic survey" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "From the data of these frequency lists, some important and interesting features of Chinese can be discovered:", "title": "A trans-regional diachronic survey" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The top 10 characters in the frequency lists for the three regions of the 1980/1990's are", "title": "A trans-regional diachronic survey" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "More information can be found in the English Users' Guide on the home page.", "title": "A trans-regional diachronic survey" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Most of the previous frequency experiments are for comprehensive usage of Chinese characters. In addition, there is the frequency of use of Chinese characters in a certain discipline, such as news reporting, literature and art, information technology, etc.", "title": "Frequencies in different divisions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "And there are frequency lists for linguistic divisions. Polyphonic characters may be counted separately according to different pronunciations, for example, the frequencies for 的 (de), 的 (di1), 的 (di2) and 的 (di4). Polysemy characters are counted separately according to different meanings, for example, 里 (裡裏, inside) and 里 (里, 0.5 km). There are also frequencies for different parts of speech, for example: 花(n) and 花(v). Or a combination of the above divisions.", "title": "Frequencies in different divisions" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Chinese character frequency is essential to quantitative research of Chinese characters, and has been applied to language teaching, dictionary composition, character lists compilation, Chinese character information processing, etc.", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The uses of Chinese characters mainly concentrate on frequently used characters. Zhou Youguang summarized the Chinese character utility decline rate (汉字效用递减率; 漢字效用遞减率) based on the frequency statistics results of various parties. Its basic content is:", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The coverage rate of the most frequently-used 1,000 characters on the corpus is about 90%, which means the missing rate is about 10%. For every additional 1,400 secondary frequent characters, the missing rate is reduced to 10% of the original number. For example, The missing rate of 1000+1400=2400 most frequently-used characters is approximately 10% * 10% =1% of the corpus, that means the coverage rate is 99%. The missing rate of 2400+1400=3800 most frequently-used characters is about 1% * 10% = 0.1%, and the coverage rate is 99.9%.", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The basic content of the Decreasing rate of frequently-used character strokes (simplified Chinese: 常用字笔划趋减率; traditional Chinese: 常用字筆劃趨减率) is:", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The application rate of a character is inversely proportional to its number of strokes, that is, characters with high application rates have fewer strokes on average.", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The reason is for convenience of writing. If a character of many strokes is used frequently, people will naturally try to simplify it; If there are multiple variant characters, regardless of other reasons, the one with fewer strokes is more likely to be used, as supported by the data in article Stroke number.", "title": "Application of frequency statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "When determining the importance of a character, in addition to frequency of use, it is often necessary to consider distribution rate. The formula for calculating distribution rate is", "title": "Distribution rate and application rate" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "where Di is the distribution rate of character or word i, ti is the number of texts in which character or word i appears, and T is the total number of texts in the corpus.", "title": "Distribution rate and application rate" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Application rate adds distribution rate to frequency. A newer calculation formula is:", "title": "Distribution rate and application rate" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Ui=(Fi*Di)/∑(j=1 to n)(Fj*Dj)", "title": "Distribution rate and application rate" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "where Ui is the application rate of character i, Fi is the frequency of character i, Di is the distribution rate of character i, and n represents the total number of characters. This calculation method allows the cumulative application rates to approach 1.", "title": "Distribution rate and application rate" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Large-scale surveys by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission of PRC over the years have shown that the use of Chinese characters and words has a strong distribution pattern. The number of different characters used in modern Chinese is stable at about 10,000, and the number of different words has stabilized at around 2.3 million.", "title": "Application in Media" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "The number of most frequently-used characters with a coverage rate of 80%, 90%, and 99% is about 590, 960, and 2,400 respectively. The number of words with coverage rates of 80%, 90%, and 95% is about 4,800, 14,000, and 30,000. Words with greater changes from the previous years in frequency of use reflect the hot topics of social life and media attention that year.", "title": "Application in Media" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Return of Bud Powell is a studio album by jazz pianist Bud Powell recorded in 1964 and released the same year by Roulette Records. Also on the album were bassist John Ore and drummer J. C. Moses.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Author and pianist Francis Paudras highlighted disagreements between Powell and Moses prior to the session, with the pianist only agreeing to play with Moses on the condition that the volume of the drums be reduced during mixing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A writer for Billboard stated that, on the album, Powell is \"just as strong, polished and vibrantly exciting as before,\" and noted that Ore and Moses \"romp along with him.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Trevor Tolley of Coda wrote: \"while the fingering is clean and the tone well sustained, the performances are rhythmically limp, and one has the sense at times that the bass and drums are doing their best to fit in, so as to hide the rhythmic uncertainty.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Henriette Charasson (6 January 1884 – 24 December 1972) was a French author of Catholic themes who was nominated multiple times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Charasson was born on 6 January 1884 in Le Havre, France.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During World War I, Charasson joined the Action Française. She wrote for La Croix and L'Action Française on several occasions under the pseudonym Orion, which increased her notoriety in intellectual and masculine nationalist circles. She later became a contributor for La Dépêche tunisienne as a literary critic for twenty-five years.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Upon reading the works of Charles Maurras, Charasson expressed that her belief in God was awakened. She said: \"For me, I repeat, encountering the works of Charles Maurras, who is not a believer, was my first step on the road to Damascus.\" Her marriage in 1920 to the journalist René Johannet led to her eventual conversion to Catholicism. After the condemnation of Action Française by the Pope Pius XI in 1926, Charasson turned away from the movement.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She died on 24 December 1972 on Châteauroux, France.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Charasson's honors are from the Académie Française:", "title": "Awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sarıyer böreği or also known as Karaköy böreği, is a type of börek sold most commonly in pastry shops across Turkey. It is said to have been first made at the end of the 19th century in Sarıyer, Istanbul. It resembles the kol böreği in terms of appearance. It can be made with minced meat, cheese, potato or spinach. Currants and pine nuts can also be added. The plain version of the börek is called küt böreği and is cut differently. The börek is sold by the kilo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The person who created and popularised this börek is Mehmet Ali Bey, who is the founder of the Tarihi Sarıyer Börekçisi pastry.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sir Lionel Mabbot Woodward (9 September 1864 – 5 September 1925) was a British colonial judge and administrator, and served as Chief Justice of the Federated Malay States from 1920 to 1925.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lionel Mabbot Woodward was born on 9 September 1864. He was educated at Harrow School, where he was head, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained first class honours in the classical tripos in 1886. After receiving his M.A., he was called to the bar of the Inner Temple.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1888, he joined the civil service of the Straits Settlements as a cadet, and was appointed magistrate in Singapore and then Penang. In 1895, he was Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court and the following year, Official Assignee in Singapore. In 1900, he was appointed Chief District Officer in Province Wellesley, and returned to Penang as Registrar of the Supreme Court in 1902.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1904, he was Deputy Public Prosecutor, and in the following year he served as acting Solicitor General of the Straits Settlements and assisted as counsel for the Government of the Straits Settlements in the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company arbitration case.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1906, he was appointed a Judicial Commissioner for the Federated Malay States, and in 1915 became a Puisne judge. Four years later, he was appointed Chief Justice, and in 1920, was appointed Chief Judicial Commissioner of the Federated Malay States.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He received the title of knight bachelor in 1922.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Woodward, after being sick for some time, died of a gunshot wound inflicted by himself in the European Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, on 5 September 1925.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Treasure is an upcoming Germany-France tragicomedy film directed by Julia von Heinz. Based on the 1999 novel Too Many Men by Lily Brett, the film starring Lena Dunham and Stephen Fry is set in 1990. It tells the story of an American journalist Ruth who travels to Poland with her father Edek to visit his childhood places. But Edek, a holocaust survivor, resists reliving his trauma and sabotages the trip creating unintentionally funny situation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was selected in the Berlinale Special Gala section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival to be held from 15 to 25 February 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film was formerly titled as Iron Box is directed by Julia von Heinz. She also wrote the screenplay with John Quester. The film starring Lena Dunham and Stephen Fry is produced by Seven Elephants and Good Thing Going.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The film was shot from 21 February 2023 to 7 May 2023 in Germany at Berlin, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and in Poland. 18 of the 39 days of filming took place in central Germany in spring 2023. The main filming location in the region was Halle (Saale).", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Treasure will have its world premiere in February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Berlin Special Gala.", "title": "Release" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sidi Khaled Mosque (Arabic: مسجد سيدي خالد, French: Mosquée de Sidi Khaled) is a historic mosque and mausoleum located in the town of Sidi Khaled in Biskra, Algeria. It is one of Algeria's national heritage sites.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The mosque is believed to contain the tomb of Khaled bin Sinan, an early pre-Islamic religious figure who was said to have been the descendant of Ishmael. Local traditions assert that he was buried in Algeria, although this is mostly legendary fiction.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sidi Khaled Mosque is said to have been one of the oldest mosques in Algeria. The Algerian scholar, Abdur-Rahman al-Akhdari, visited a tomb dedicated to Khalid bin Sinan that was located in Biskra. He also composed a poem about Khalid bin Sinan upon his visit to the tomb. Some historians, however, have doubted the authenticity of the poem and whether it can be attributed to Al-Akhdari. Nevertheless, Al-Akhdari is credited as being the first to write about the tomb, and is sometimes attributed to even be the founder of the tomb. The traveller Al-Ayyashi wrote about the tomb in 1668, describing it as being located inside a large mosque that was attached to a madrasah.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1912, the incoming floods destroyed the mosque and its mausoleum. Five years later, the residents of Biskra rebuilt the mausoleum, with the help of prominent architects. In 1999, the mosque and its mausoleum were classified as a national heritage monument of Algeria. The present-day structure is the 1917 reconstruction, with an additional six years to complete the rest of the building.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In recent times, the mosque was placed under a restoration project by the government due to it suddenly being a deteriorating state, such as cracks appearing in the walls. The Ministry of Culture was responsible for organizing this restoration project. However, the project was delayed, and put on hold. As of 2021, the project is still delayed and no further updates have been given, and it was also reported that the roof is in danger of collapsing. Regardless, this place is still a popular destination amongst the locals of Biskra, who visit it usually on the 26th day of the month of Ramadan.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Charles Courtney Seabrook (15 January 1909 – 4 October 2003) was an American executive.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Seabrook was born in Bridgeton, New Jersey to Charles Franklin Seabrook and Norma Dale Ivans. He was raised on a family farm in Bridgeton.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Seabrook attended a local school in Deerfield, New Jersey and continued his studies at Bridgeton High School and Mercersburg Academy. Later, he completed his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Lehigh University in 1932. His early career included positions at a New Jersey nursery and Seabrook Engineering, a family-owned company.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the 1930s, Seabrook, alongside his father Charles F. Seabrook and brothers Belford and John, experimented with freezing vegetables using dry ice, a technique that contributed to the early frozen food industry. This led to a collaboration with Clarence Birdseye, a pioneer in the field. The collaboration resulted in a successful line of frozen vegetables under the Seabrook Farms brand. The farm, once a small family operation, expanded to cover 55,000 acres.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Despite the company's growth, internal disagreements in the mid-1950s led to the sale of Seabrook Farms to Seeman Brothers, a grocery wholesaler in New York. Subsequently, he left the family business and worked at Standard Packaging Company until his retirement in 1974.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Charles Seabrook's first wife, Mae Dilks Seabrook, died in 1978. He married Margaret Huber in 1979, who passed away in 1997. He is survived by a son, two daughters, a stepdaughter, a stepson, and six grandchildren.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ghonghi or Ghungri is a Nepalese fresh water snail dish prepared by the Tharu people of southern Nepal.It is eaten by sucking the snail from its shell and is found throughout the Terai region where the Tharu people reside. It is also popular among Rajbanshi, Dhimals, Darai, Santhal and Danuwar people of Terai.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ghonghi is eaten during the paddy season, when rice is planted. The collected snails are then cleaned, and the tails are cut to make it easier to extract the meat when cooked. The snails are then boiled and cooked similarly like other curries, with a crucial addition of flaxseed which not only gives the dish a consistency but also enhances its flavor. Ghongis are served with rice and have been a staple food of the indigenous people of Terai for ages.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It is believed that the meat provided the indigenous people the immunity to fight against malaria, a prevalent threat in the densely forested areas of Terai.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oxagon (styled OXAGON; Arabic: أوكساجون) is a floating industrial complex under construction in Saudi Arabia in NEOM, Tabuk Province, which is designed in the shape of an octagon and is a 100 per cent powered by clean energy. The city will be located on the Red Sea close to the Suez Canal, and south to The Line, and it will include the current port of Duba, which is now part of OXAGON. The project will focus on modern manufacturing, industrial research, sustainability, and development.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The industrial city is part of Saudi Vision 2030 project, which Saudi Arabia claims will create around 460,000 jobs and add an estimated $48 billion to the country's GDP. Mohammed bin Salman expects Oxagon to become \"a new focal point for global trade flows\" and service shipping routes through the Red Sea. The plans for the complex include a desalination plant, a hydrogen plant and an oceanographic research centre. It will also be home to the cognitive multinational company Tonomus (originally NEOM Tech & Digital Company), which is the first subsidiary company to evolve from NEOM.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 16 December 2022, Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources, the Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones and Neom signed a memorandum of understanding to facilitate collaboration and legislation in support of Neom's Future Factories Program. As of January 2023, Neom has not provided any information regarding how the complex will remain afloat.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dacoit: A Love Story is an upcoming pan-Indian action drama film directed by debutante Shaneil Deo. Produced by Supriya Yarlagadda, co-produced by Suniel Narang, and presented by Annapurna Studios, the movie is set to be a cinematic extravaganza shot simultaneously in Telugu language and Hindi. Headlined by Adivi Sesh and Shruti Haasan, the film unfolds as a gripping tale of two former lovers forced to unite for a series of robberies that promise to alter the course of their lives. The narrative is a perfect blend of guns, roses, betrayal, trust, and the overarching themes of love and loss.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Popular Hollywood Magazine, Deadline broke the news about the collaboration and the announcement came out on 12 December. The title teaser was released on 20 December 2023. The film is being simultaneously shot in Telugu & Hindi separately to keep the nativity & emotions intact. The film is slated for a 2024 release.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A tale of estranged lovers, forced to unite for a series of robberies that offers to change the course of their lives.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Shaneil Deo, in his feature directorial debut, brings forth a unique vision to the big screen. Having served as the Director of Photography for Telugu blockbusters like 'Kshanam' and 'Goodachari,' Deo is set to create an explosive, angry combustion in the hearts of the audience with *Dacoit*. The screenplay is co-written by Adivi Sesh and Shaneil Deo.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Adivi Sesh expressed his confidence in the film, highlighting Shaneil Deo's vision and the nature of the script set in the hinterlands of silent India. Shruti Haasan called Dacoit \"a rare story filled with anger, passion, and elegance.\"", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Shaneil Deo, said \"it is an intense action drama with a beating heart.\" He stated that the film demanded a rooted, gritty, yet well-mounted and stylish canvas. Adivi Sesh, added \"Dacoit will leave a lasting impact on the audience. The film is set to explore a world, viewers have never seen before on the big screen.\"", "title": "Production" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Trojena (styled TROJENA; Arabic: تروجينا) is a mountain tourism destination under construction in Saudi Arabia in NEOM, Tabuk Province. Trojena is one of the eight announced regions of NEOM and will be located 50 km (31 mi) from the Gulf of Aqaba, covering a total area of 60 km (23 sq mi) with an elevation ranging from 1,500 to 2,600 m (4,900 to 8,500 ft) above sea level. The tourism destination is part of Saudi Vision 2030 and set to be completed by 2026.The region aims to attract to attract 700,000 visitors and 7,000 permanent residents by the year 2030. Trojena is expected to contribute to the Kingdom's GDP by $800 million and create 10,000 jobs.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The tourist destination will consist of a ski village, a variety of restaurants and retail stores, ultra-luxury family and wellness resorts, in addition to sports activities such as mountain biking, ski slope, water sports, and an interactive nature reserve. according to the Saudi Press Agency, the all-year-round average temperature will be 10 °C (50 °F) below neighbouring regions, and will drop below zero during winter times.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 3 August 2022, the Saudi Arabian Olympic and Paralympic Committee (SOPC) submitted a letter of interest to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) to host the 10th Asian Winter Games in Trojena. On 5 October 2022, Saudi Arabia was officially chosen to host the 2029 Asian Winter Games at Trojena.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Donka Ushlinova (21 December 1880 – 27 June 1937) was a participant in the Bulgarian liberation movement in Macedonia. She was a Macedonian revolutionary, member and leader of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. She participated in the Ilinden Uprising, the Balkan Wars, and World War I. She later became a Non-commissioned officer in the Bulgarian army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Donka Ushlinova was born on 21 December 1880 in the village of Smilevo, Bitola district, where she spent her childhood. At the age of 15, she married Stavre Hristov from the neighboring village of Lera, Bitola. In August 1902, with the help of her husband's brother Apostol and his wife Srebra, Ushlinova killed a Turk who was harassing her while her husband was on work in Constantinople. They buried the dead in a local cemetery before fleeing to the nearby mountain in order to avoid the retaliation from the Turks.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On their way, Apostol, Srebra and Ushlinova encountered the company of the Duke of Slaveyko Arsov, Resen Revolutionary region, who gave them uniforms. Subsequently, Ushlinova and Srebra became the first women to join the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization which was headed by Slaveyko Arsov, and fought against Ottoman Empire in Macedonia.", "title": "Revolutionary activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1903, during the Ilinden uprising, Ushlinova participated in several battles that took place in the Bitola Revolutionary District. In 1904, Ushlinova, Srebra and Apostol joined Duke Georgi Sugarev's company after the murder of Duke Slavejko Arsov. Following the suppression of the uprising, Ushlinova together with Srebra and Apostol returned to Sofia, Bulgaria. Later, Ushlinova alone moved to Varna where she met her husband Stavre.", "title": "Revolutionary activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Ushlinova and Stavre became volunteers of the Macedonian-Odrina militia and fought the Balkan wars.", "title": "Revolutionary activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "During the First World War, Ushlinova and Stavre again volunteered to join the second Macedonian Infantry Regiment. They participated in the battles that took place at Jarebichna, Dojran, Krusha and Planina.", "title": "Revolutionary activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Ushlinova was awarded medals for courage of III and IV orders for the heroism shown during the battles. For her bravery in combat, Ushlinova was awarded the Order of Courage of the Second Degree. In 1917, she received the Order of Courage of the First Degree and the rank of Non-commissioned officer, which was personally awarded by General Nikola Zhekov. Ushlinova and her husband received financial assistance of 10,000 BGN from the Bulgarian state after demobilization. She was a member of the reserve officers' society of Varna, Friendly Union.", "title": "Awards and honours" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In Bulgaria, a peak was named after her for her bravery in the 1912–1918 wars of national unification.", "title": "Awards and honours" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Ushlinova died on 27 June 1937 in Varna, Bulgaria.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Moneymaker (Hungarian: A pénzcsináló) is a 1964 Hungarian comedy film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Sándor Pécsi, Itala Békés and Hilda Gobbi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location around Sopron. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lóránt Kézdi.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Schaffhausen S-Bahn is an S-Bahn network in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and the German state of Baden-Württemberg (Konstanz and Waldshut districts). It comprises three services and began operation in 2015. Services are operated by SBB GmbH, Swiss Federal Railways' German subsidiary, and THURBO.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Regional railway services in the city of Schaffhausen and nearby towns is supported by services of Zürich S-Bahn, St. Gallen S-Bahn and Bodensee S-Bahn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As of December 2023 the network consists of the following lines:", "title": "Lines" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Before operations began, several structural measures had to be taken on the existing railway system, such as the electrification of the line between Schaffhausen and Erzingen, replacement of level crossings with bridges in Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Beringen, refurbishing of the station in Jestetten, and the constructions of new railway stations Beringerfeld and Neuhausen Rheinfall.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The line to Erzingen opened with the timetable change in December 2013 and the line to Jestetten in December 2015. The regional service to Singen (Hohentwiel) was taken over by EMUs of SBB GmbH/THURBO in 2022 (until then operated by DMUs of DB Regio Baden-Württemberg). The name Rhyhas (Rhine hare; in reference to the Seehas) was chosen by vote for this line. With the 10 December 2023 timetable change the three existing S-Bahn routes gained numbers (until then just an \"S\" without number was indicated on displays).", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gennady Andreevich Borkov (Russian: Геннадий Андреевич Борков; 30 March 1905 – 25 February 1983) was a Soviet politician who served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR from 13 July 1945 to 22 July 1946.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gennedy Borkov was born on 30 March 1905, in Rybinsky Uyezd, Yaroslavl Governorate, and studied at the Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy from 1927 to 1934, and attended graduate school from 1934 to 1935 but did not complete it. Between 1919 and 1930, he was engaged in Komsomol and party work in the Yaroslavl and Ivanovo provinces.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1935 to 1937, he worked in the department of scientific and technical inventions and discoveries at the Central Committee of the VKP(b). He served as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan from 1945 to 1946.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He served as the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the USSR from 1955 to 1960. He was a member of the Central Committee of the VKP(b)/CPSU from 1939 to 1956 and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in its first four convocations. He was retired in March 1960. Borkov died on 25 February 1983, and buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" (Japanese: くだらないの中に, lit. \"In the Uselessness\") is the debut single by Japanese musician Gen Hoshino, who self-produced and wrote it for his second studio album, Episode (2011). The single was released by the Daisyworld and Speedstar labels on March 2, 2011. It is a love song, composed with a calm, lonely sound. Reviewers attributed an erotic feel to the song and noted the mention of senses and feel in its lyrics. It peaked at No. 17 on Oricon's Singles Chart and at No. 12 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100, becoming the 44th best-selling single in its month of release.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gen Hoshino felt embarassed after the term \"love song\" was attributed to his debut solo album Baka no Uta (2010). He thought singing of love directly was ridiculous and instead hoped to represent such emotions in his music without outright mention. For \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\", Hoshino came up with the concept for the chorus in the shower and hurriedly wrote it down while still naked – usually, he would write melody at the same time as lyrics. The final text ended up featuring the word 愛 (ai, love), adding to the track what Hoshino viewed as a sort of sweetness. He saw the final product as a love song; though he still disliked the term, he wanted to avoid dishonesty and began calling \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" his first \"from-the-front love song\".", "title": "Composition and lyrics" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "With influences from the Western jazz that Hoshino's parents listened to when he was younger, \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" is a \"heartwarming\" Japanese rock and pop song, described by Hoshino as a ballad with firm melody. It has a runtime of 4 minutes and 19 seconds, composed in the key of A-flat major per sheet music on At-Elise.com. The song is marked with the time signature of 4 and has a tempo of 74 beats per minute. A reviewer for CDJournal called the song's sound \"lonely\", supported by \"bittersweet\" lyrics that call upon the true meaning of the world.", "title": "Composition and lyrics" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Shinji Hyogo, editor for Rockin'On Japan, called the song fetishistic / erotic for seemingly prioritizing senses and feel over meaning, but did not believe that this was Hoshino's intention. Tower Records Japan's Satō, reviewing Episode (2011), called \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" the song of a pervert, and wrote that it will make listeners realize they are also perverted themselves. As Hoshino was to perform \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" and \"Kuse no Uta\" (2010) on a Music Station special in 2017, Real Sound's Natsuna Murakami wrote that the songs showcases a different style in Hoshino's music prior to dance tracks like \"Sun\" (2015) and \"Koi\" (2016), while still holding similarities in underlying happy themes and melody. For the lyrics, Murakami noted Hoshino usage of all five senses, with the line \"We smelled each other's hair\" for example representing smell and \"The sound of our hearts breaking\" representing hearing. She described his singing style on the tracks as more calm and slow, as if he was speaking to the listener.", "title": "Composition and lyrics" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "\"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" was written, arranged, and self-produced by Hoshino, who also provided guitar. Other musicians assisted with performance of drums, bass, piano, trumpet, trombone, clarinet, and horn. The song was recorded by Naoyuki Uchida at Shibuya's Freedom Studio and Setagaya's Sound DALI Studio, whereas mastering was handled by Tanaka Mitsukazu at Bernie Grundman Mastering, also in Shibuya.", "title": "Composition and lyrics" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Four B-sides were recorded for the song's single release. The first is \"Uta o Utau Toki wa\", covering topics of \"rules, manners, ethics, principles, [and] logic\", similar to songs from Sakerock. The second, \"Yuge\", takes a harsh approach in sound, the polar oppositie direction to \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" according to Hoshino. Cinra's Takanori Kuroda called \"Yuge\" an early example of Hoshino blending African-American music influences into his work, a style later found on tracks such as \"Sun\". The last two B-sides are \"Blanco\" (a bundle bonus for the manga of the same name) and \"Kuse no Uta\" (from Baka no Uta). They are marked as House Versions; Hyogo (Rockin'On) speculated that this refers to their home, hikigatari [ja] recording, rather than to their musical style.", "title": "Composition and lyrics" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "\"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" was announced as a single in late December 2010. It was jointly issued by Haruomi Hosono's Daisyworld and Victor Entertainment's Speedstar Records on March 2, 2011, as Hoshino's debut single. First editions included the extra DVD Kudaranai no Nakami (Japanese: くだらないの中身, lit. \"The Inside of the Uselessness\"), directed by Santa Yamagishi [ja], who had previously been in charge of video works for Hoshino's instrumental band Sakerock. The DVD has a runtime of about 70 minutes, featuring video clips from the music videos of \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" and \"Kuse no Uta\", a documentary to the creation of Baka no Uta, and various live performances. Part of the song's music video was uploaded to Victor Entertainment's YouTube channel on March 9, intersected by a trailer for Kudaranai no Nakami. To promote the release, Hoshino held a talk event at a Shibuya Tower Records store, where was also performed \"Henshū-sha no Uta\". \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" was included as the fourth track on Hoshino's second studio album, Episode, released September 28, 2011. It is the album's only single.", "title": "Release and reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Tower Records reviewer Oguri called \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" symbolic of Hoshino, and praised the song's gentle lyrics on everyday love, which they wrote would make listeners think that \"there are no better loves songs\". Hyogo (Rockin'On) complimented all songs on the single as good; for the title song, he wrote that it showcases an \"important truth of life\" through its lyrics on human sense, and highlighted the line where Hoshino calls not having hope \"inconvenient\" as skillful. Commercially, \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" sold 5,294 copies upon release, taking peaks at No. 17 on Oricon's Singles Chart and No. 12 on Billboard Japan's Hot 100. On the contemporary airplay chart, it peaked at No. 15. Rising to 8,704 sales, it was the 44th best-selling single in March 2011 according to Oricon. The single has reappeared on the charts in later years; in early 2017, whilst Hoshino's \"Koi\" was charting in the top 10, \"Kudaranai no Naka ni\" took post-release peaks on the Hot 100 at No. 50 and on Oricon at No. 86. By April 2019, its most recent week on the charts, Oricon had reported a total of 16,838 sales.", "title": "Release and reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Credits adapted from Apple Music and Daisyworld.", "title": "Personnel" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Welsh Open (officially the 2024 BetVictor Welsh Open) is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that is scheduled to take place from 12 to 18 February 2024 at Venue Cymru in Llandudno, Wales. The 33rd edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992, it will be the 13th ranking event of the 2023–24 season, following the German Masters and preceding the Players Championship. It will also be the fourth and last tournament in the Home Nations Series, following the Scottish Open, and the eighth and last tournament in the season's European Series, following the German Masters. Sponsored by BetVictor, the tournament will be broadcast by BBC Wales domestically, Eurosport and Discovery+ in the rest of UK and Europe, and by other broadcasters worldwide. The winner will receive the Ray Reardon trophy and £80,000 from a total prize fund of £427,000.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 25 to 27 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Qualifying matches involving the top 16 players in the world rankings and two Welsh wildcards will be held over to be played at the main venue in Llandudno.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Robert Milkins is the defending champion, having defeated Shaun Murphy 9–7 in the final of the 2023 event.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The event will be the 33rd consecutive edition of the Welsh Open since it was first played in 1992. The fourth and last event in the season's Home Nations Series, the eighth and last event in the European Series, and the 13th ranking tournament of the 2023–24 snooker season, it is scheduled to be staged from 12 to 18 February 2024 at Venue Cymru in Llandudno, Wales. Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 25 to 27 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Qualifying matches involving the top 16 players in the world rankings and two Welsh wildcards will be held over to be played at the main venue in Llandudno.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "All matches will be played as the best of seven frames until the quarter-finals, which will be the best of nine. The semi-finals will be the best of 11, and the final will be a best of 17 frames match played over two sessions. The defending champion is Robert Milkins, who defeated Shaun Murphy 9–7 in the 2023 final to lift his second ranking trophy, also securing the European Series bonus of £150,000 for winning the most cumulative prize money across the series' eight events.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The tournament winner will receive the Ray Reardon trophy. The breakdown of prize money for the event is shown below:", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The draw for the tournament is shown below. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners. All matches are played as the best of seven frames until the quarter-finals, which are best of nine. The semi-finals are best of 11, and the final is a best of 17 frames match played over two sessions.", "title": "Main draw" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 25 to 27 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Although matches involving the top 16 players in the world rankings and two Welsh wildcards (Riley Powell and Liam Davies) will be held over to be played at the final venue. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.", "title": "Qualifying" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "One pre-qualifying match between two Welsh wildcards will be played in Llandudno on 12 February:", "title": "Qualifying" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The held-over matches to be played in Llandudno on 12 February will be as follows:", "title": "Qualifying" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The qualifying matches to be played in Barnsley will be as follows:", "title": "Qualifying" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saul Nanni (born 4 February 1999) is an Italian actor best known for playing Christian in the Disney Channel series Alex & Co., Marco in the 2020 comedy drama film Under the Riccione Sun, and Alessandro in the 2022 romantic comedy film Love & Gelato.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Saul Nanni was born in Bologna. His parents are both doctors; his father is from Forlì and his mother is of Russian descent. He has a younger brother and a younger sister.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He began acting after auditioning for a commercial with Kaká, of whom he was a fan. Although he didn't book the commercial, a casting agent reached out to him about starring in the 2012 miniseries La Certosa di Parma.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2018, he moved to Milan to study communications and advertising at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Margarita Arotingo is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician who became a member of the National Assembly in 2023 for the Citizen Revolution Movement (RC).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Margarita Arotingo comes from the Kichwa people of Otavalo and was born near the Cotacachi volcano.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She holds master's degree in popular and solidarity economy and finance and is a lawyer by training.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She worked in different capacities for the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2022, she was part of the executive council one of biggest organisation (Fenocin) leading to the 2022 Ecuadorian protests and was part of the negotiations with the Ecuadorian government.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At the 2023 Ecuadorian general elections, she is a candidate for the Citizen revolution movement as the indigenous movement is unable to form a party. She is elected. She is a member of the Permanent Commission for Comprehensive Protection of Girls, Boys and Adolescents.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Universidad Autónoma may refer to:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Paraguay" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chris Odeh is a Nigerian film producer and film maker.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chris started his career in TV working on two seasons of Moments with Mo for Mo Abudu. He went on to work on movies like Oloibiri, Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story, Aki and Pawpaw, Living in Bondage: Breaking Free and Nneka the Pretty Serpent. His works has won and gotten nominations for AMVCA, Africa Movie Academy Awards, and Africa International Film Festival.", "title": "Film career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He is the Senior Producer of Sozo Films.", "title": "Film career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Uche Chika Elumelu is a Nigerian actress.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Uche graduated from the University of Ibadan with a first-class degree in filmmaking and got a film certificate from the New York Film Academy. She has worked with Terra Kulture on several productions as a stage actor.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Christian Grobet (26 July 1941, New York City – 17 December 2023, Geneva) (Place of origin Vallorbe), was a Swiss politician, member of the Socialist Party until 1993, then of parties of left.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was a deputy for the Canton of Geneva in the National Council from 1975 to 1982 and from 1995 to 2003 and a State Councilor from 1981 to 1993, the head of the Department of Public Works.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Christian Grobet was born on July 26, 1941, in New York. He was originally from Vallorbe, in the canton of Vaud.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He studied at the University of Geneva, and obtained a degree in law and a degree in economics. He then practiced as a lawyer, in his own firm and for Mieterverband (tenant defense association) for 13 years.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Christian Grobet sat as an elected representative of the Socialist Party on the Geneva Municipal Council from 1967 to 1970 and as a deputy on the Grand Council from 1969 to 1981.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He nominated himself for the Council of State in 1980, but was narrowly beaten by Aloys Werner. Grobet was elected to the Council of State the following year, he served there for twelve years at the head of the public works department.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1993, he represented himself as a candidate for the Left Alliance.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2008, Christian Grobet was elected to the Geneva constituent assembly to prepare a new constitution, on the list of AVIVO (defense of retirees) which obtained nine elected officials.", "title": "Political career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Do You See Seoul? (Korean: 서울이 보이냐?; RR: Seour-i boinya?), also known as Unforgettable, is a 2008 South Korean drama film, written and directed by Song Dong-yoon. It stars Yoo Seung-ho, Lee Chang-hoon, Oh Soo-ah and Kim Yoo-jung.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was released on May 8, 2008, and drew a total of 50,956 admissions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The story unfolds as a journey through time, intertwining the life of Gil-su, now a teacher in Seoul, with the vivid memories of his childhood on the island of Sindo.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the present day, as the summer vacation approaches, Gil-su dreams of taking his students on a trip to Sindo. However, facing opposition from skeptical parents, he embarks on the journey alone, reminiscing about his childhood and his cherished teacher.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The narrative transports us back to 1976, where the boy Gil-su shoulders the responsibility of caring for his little sister while his dad struggles with alcoholism and his mom has left the family seeking a better life in Seoul. In the small school of Sindo, the caring Eun-yong is the only teacher.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A burst of excitement happens for the island's children when a Seoul cookie factory invites them for a visit. But their parents, worried about money and the city's impact on the children, resist. Despite parental disapproval the kids, captivated by the chance of seeing a real bicycle in the big city, and encouraged by their teacher, join forces to earn the necessary funds on their own. For Gil-su the trip holds an even more special meaning as he hopes to find his mom in Seoul.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After numerous challenges the parents finally agree and the kids are on their way to Seoul travelling with a train for the first time. However, the journey takes an unexpected turn when Gil-su, his sister, and their friend Yoon-bok get lost in the big city, creating serious challenges for their dedicated teacher.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jaydeep Bihani is an Indian politician serving as a member of the 16th Rajasthan Assembly. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and represents the Ganganagar Assembly constituency from Sri Ganganagar district.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as MLA from the Ganganagar assembly constituency, defeating Karuna Ashok Chandak (IND) by a margin of 29,779 votes.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Reference" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Singapura is a locality in the northwestern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The name Singapura is often confused with the famous country Singapore. However, within Bengaluru, there exists an ancient Singapura, situated approximately 17 km from Majestic and around 6 km from the Yelahanka Bus Stand.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Varadarajaswamy Temple in Singapura is at least 500 years old, as revealed in Harohalli and Chikkabettahalli inscriptions related to the temple. The temple was referred to as the Tiruvengalanatha temple in inscriptions. The inscriptions also mention a grant given to Ramanuja Koota, a religious institution of Sri Vaishnavites, that flourished at the temple.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Three inscriptions relate to the Singapura Varadarajaswamy temple, two of which are described below.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Harohalli is located at GPS coordinates 13°07'50.7\"N 77°34'48.6\"E, is about 7 kilometers northeast of Singapura", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first record of the inscription is found in B.L. Rice's 1905 CE Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 9, where it is recorded as inscription number 28 in Bangalore Taluk. Subsequently, the inscription was rediscovered around 2018 by local historians and conservationists.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The inscription mentions the date of installation as Saka 1452, Karthik, Su 12 in the luni-solar calendar which corresponds to November 2nd, 1530 CE (Julian). This was the day of the festival of Uthana Dwadashi (Tulsi festival). On this day, it is thought that Lord Sriman Narayana awakens from slumber and grants his followers darshan. Furthermore, it is considered to be more fortunate if that day's nakshatra, or the star of the lunar house, also happens to be Revathi, as it did in 1530 CE. Donations on that day are therefore expected to draw greater religious merit (Punya).", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The inscription is inscribed in both Kannada language and script and is dated to the 1530CE. This inscription is carved on a granite stone found locally. Most of the inscriptions found in Bengaluru are carved on similar granite stones. The inscription stone measures 163 cm tall and 89 cm wide.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "This inscription is written in prominent characters and easily understood colloquial Kannada. However, considering its purpose as a record of a temple donation, the sculptor likely chose words and phrases which could be easily grasped by the local people. This inscription resembles very much another Singapura-related inscription at nearby Chikkabettahalli. The two stones may have come from the same local stone quarry because of their striking resemblance to one another. It's also quite likely that they were both sculpted by the same artist. Even though they were written six years apart, a few errors from the Chikkabettahalli inscription are absent from the later Harohalli inscription. That might be a result of the sculptor's skill development throughout those six years.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "This inscription documents the gift of Harohalli village to the Singapura Tiruvengalanatha temple for the anga-ranga-vaibhoga, amrutapadi-naivedya, and for the operations of the Ramanujakoota at the temple by Sivanasamudra (Hessaraghatta) chief Krishnappanayaka. The donation was intended for the religious merit of the Solur Basavappanayaka, the father of Krishnappanayaka, and Achyutaraya, the monarch of the Karnataka (Vijayanagara Kingdom) empire.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "This inscription has prominent characters & simple & colloquial Kannada. Nonetheless, the author might have purposefully used terms and phrases that were understandable to the locals because the inscription serves as a record of a donation to a temple.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "For instance, jayabhyudaya>jeyabhyudaya and sthala>stala", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "With some words, mahaprana (aspirated consonant) and alpaprana (unaspirated consonant) are interchanged.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Examples : khartika > kartika; vaiboga > vaibhoga.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Similarly in a few cases, a anusvara (0) is used instead of a ottakshara example : Examples: namma > namma, mamkalu > makkalu", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The top part of the Harohalli inscription stone is etched with the holy marks symbols of Sri Vaishnava, which are Shanka (Panchajanya), Chakra (Sudarshana), and Naama. Sri Vaishnava inscriptions, boundary stones, and Vishnu temples from the 14th to 16th centuries—often referred to as the Vijayanagara period—often have these symbols carved or painted on them. These are typically seen on mantapas, doorframes, and gopuras in temples. Similar symbols can be found on inscription stones in the Bengaluru rural district at Kadanur, Gantiganahalli, Kadiganahalli, Jodidasarahalli, Chikkajala, and Maranagere, and in the Bengaluru urban district at Chikkabettahalli, Thindlu, Allalasandra, Domlur, Kothnur, Bannerughatta, and Bommandahalli.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Notably, there are cases where place names are also derived from these markers. For example, the name Naamagondlu, in the district of Chikkaballapura, comes from the naama that is painted on a nearby mound.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The inscription was later 3D scanned and Re-read by the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project Team in the book \"Bengaluru Itihasa Vaibhava,\" November 2021, Issue 1.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "As this inscription mentions the Tiruvengalanatha temple at Singapura, we can infer that the temple now referred to as Varadaraja Swamy temple is at least 500 years old. We might infer from the inscription that Singapura served as a centre for Sri Vaishnavites.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The fact that this inscription documents the donation of a whole hamlet to a temple makes it relatively unique. Generally, only kings had the power to give villages. As a result, gifts were typically limited to smaller land holdings. A whole village might also be donated by chiefs of provinces who were granted provincial governing authority by the monarch.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Thanks to local donations, the temples were granted ownership of all land inside the village's borders as well as village taxes. The temple would then designate tenant farmers on such donated grounds, determining how much of the harvest and money the tenants would be required to share back. Some of the grains, fruits, flowers, vegetables, and other produce would be used by the temple, extra would either be sold or preserved. Income from such sales would be used for temple activities. With such land ownership arrangements, temples served as religious centers and also played a decisive role in influencing life in other ways.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "We could conclude that the Singapura temple and Singapura village were significant religious centres in the area because a whole village was donated to support the Ramanujakoota at the Singapura Tiruvengalanatha temple. The king of the Karnataka samrajya (empire) at the time was Achyutraya. Karnataka Samrajya is more popularly called as the Vijayanagara empire. However, in reality, Vijayanagara was the capital of the empire and not the empire itself. According to the inscription, the head of Harohalli was a Krishnappanayaka at the time, and the village was administratively a part of Sivanasamudra (Hessaraghatta) stala. The terms \"stala\" and \"Sthala\" denote various things—a region and a place, respectively. The inscription also helps us learn some roles were hereditary roles, passed on from generation to generation within families.", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "https://archive.org/details/singapura-itihaasa-vaibhava-nov-2021-english/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater", "title": "Singapura Varadaraja Swamy Temple Related Inscriptions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matorrales is a town located in the Río Segundo Department, Córdoba Province, Argentina. It is located along the Provincial Route 10, about 98 kilometers southeast of the provincial capital Córdoba, at an average elevation of 250 meters above the sea level. As of the year 2010, it had a total population of 972.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Matorrales has a Humid Subtropical Climate (Cfa) under Köppen Climate Classification. It sees the most rainfall in January, with 132 mm of average precipitation; and the least rainfall in July, with 18 mm of average precipitation.", "title": "Climate" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Guinea-Bissau coup attempt may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Imam el-Houari Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الامام الهواري, French: Mosquée imam el-Houari) is a historic mosque located in Oran, Algeria. The mosque is also known as Bey Mohamed Othman Al Kabir Mosque (مسجد بك محمد عثمان الكبير/Mosquée Bey Mohamed Othman El-Kébir) after Baba Mohammed ben-Osman, the Dey of the Deylik of Algiers.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hmawbi District (Burmese: မှော်ဘီ ခရိုင်) is a District in Yangon Region, Myanmar. It is north of the city of Yangon and contains Hmawbi Township and Htantabin Township. The district was created alongside a larger reorganization of Yangon Region's subdivisions on 30 April 2022. The former North Yangon District along with the other three districts were expanded to 14 districts by the provisional government.To its north, it borders Taikkyi District, to its east it borders Hlegu District. To its south it borders parts of Yangon city, including Insein District and Mingaladon District.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The principal town of the district is Hmawbi and Hmawbi airport is at Indan, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the town of Hmawbi.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lucius Vibullius Rufus was a Roman politician and general who lived during the 1st century BC. He sided with Pompey during Caesar's civil war.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 49 BC during the very early stages of his civil war against Julius Caesar, Pompey appointed Lucius Vibullius Rufus as praefectus fabrum, a military engineering officer. He was sent to the city of Asculum in northern Italia to help recruit men to the Pompeian cause. However, as Caesar advanced upon the city the inhabitants promptly surrendered themselves to him. Rufus, along with Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther and the remaining Pompeians who had not defected retreated back from the city and Rufus worked on consolidating cohorts from nearby settlements. Following this, Rufus and Spinther headed to Corfinium, which was being held by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and prepared for a siege.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After a short siege the Pompeians holding the city surrendered to Caesar and Rufus was taken prisoner. As was Caesar's custom during this time, he allowed all of the captured senators to go free. Rufus remained aligned with Pompey's cause and he was despatched to Hispania to assist Marcus Petreius, Lucius Afranius and Marcus Terentius Varro. Pompey's men in Hispania were defeated by Caesar's forces and Rufus once again found himself a prisoner of Caesar, and he was once again granted clemency.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Upon landing in Macedonia in 48 BC, Caesar sent Rufus ahead to negotiate peace terms with Pompey; believing that due to the favours he now owed and his relationship with Pompey that he would be a prime candidate to do so. The terms posited that both having suffered significant losses Caesar and Pompey should dismiss their armies within the following three days and allow the senate to debate the matter. Rufus met with Pompey somewhere in the Candavia mountains, but rather than discussing the terms of a potential peace he instead informed Pompey of Caesar's movements. Prior to the Battle of Dyrrachium, Rufus put forward Caesar's peace terms but they were quickly dismissed by Pompey who argued: \"What need have I of life or Rome, if the world shall think I enjoy them by the bounty of Caesar: an opinion which can never be removed while it shall be thought that I have been brought back by him to Italy, from which I set out.\".", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alex William Henderson (born 25 September 2004) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League Two club Accrington Stanley.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Having impressed for Accrington Stanley in their youth academy, Henderson joined Northern Premier League West Division club Colne on a work-experience loan in January 2023. At the end of the 2022–23 season, he signed a first professional contract.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Having spent time on loan with Clitheroe in the early stages of the 2023–24 season, Henderson made his senior debut in October 2023 in an EFL Trophy victory over Harrogate Town. On 16 December 2023, he made his league debut as a first-half substitute in a dramatic 3–3 draw with Crewe Alexandra.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Scott Merchant is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Lawrence Technological University, a position he will hold in 2024. He was the head football coach for University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy from 1998 to 2006 and Chippewa Valley High School from 2009 to 2023. He also coached for Albion and Brother Rice High School.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Barbara Ann Kelly (née Hall; July 13, 1945 – May 9, 2021) was a Canadian municipal politician.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Having previously been the first woman reeve of Mariposa Township, she ran for the City of Kawartha Lakes council in the 2000 Kawartha Lakes municipal election, the first held just prior to the city's amalgamation, winning Ward 4. In the 2003 election, Kelly was elected mayor of the City of Kawartha Lakes, the first woman to hold the office. She did not seek reelection in 2006, citing health reasons, but ran for her old council seat in Ward 4.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kelly died on May 9, 2021, at the age of 75.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Leon Kozi (born 4 February 2003) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Kategoria Superiore club Tirana.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Victor Dorman (1915–1995) was an American packaging executive. He is credited for inventing sliced cheese.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, Dorman attended New Utrecht High School. Later, he earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from New York University in the mid-1930s. During World War II, he served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy aboard a submarine chaser in the Pacific.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Dorman Cheese Company, where Dorman eventually became chairman, was founded by his father, Nathan Dorman, a Lithuanian immigrant, in 1896. Initially a small-scale operation delivering cheese in Manhattan by horse-drawn wagon, the company expanded over the years. By the time it was sold to Beatrice Foods in 1986, it had established headquarters in Syosset, Long Island, a packaging plant in Monroe, Wisconsin, and distribution centers in Florida. Under Dorman's leadership, the company focused on the sale of various cheeses, including Swiss, Muenster, Edam, mozzarella, provolone, Jarlsberg, and Gouda.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the late 1940s, with the rise of supermarkets, demand for pre-packaged cheese with longer shelf lives increased. This shift led to the introduction of the Flexvac 6-9 machine by the Standard Packaging Machine Company. This machine vacuum-packed cheese and introduced a small amount of nitrogen to extend shelf life and prevent mold growth. Concurrently, the United States Slicing Machine Company developed the interleaver, which automated the slicing of cheese and the placement of parchment paper between slices.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Dorman died in 1995.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Louna Ribadeira (born 18 August 2004) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Division 1 Féminine club Paris FC.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Federation Air Service (abbreviation: F.A.S; Malay: Khidmat Udara Persekutuan) was a regional airline operated out of Kuala Lumpur, with routes primarily located in Federation of Malaya (precursor of Malaysia).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A government-owned airline, it operated scheduled passenger, charter and air-mail service from its main base at Kuala Lumpur Airport (present-day RMAF Kuala Lumpur Air Base) between 1951 until 1960.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Federation Air Service traced its origin in 1951, based on the needs of the government to improve the air transportation network and secured internal communications across the federation during the Malayan Emergency. The airline was aimed on connecting the smaller towns of the federation, which was then only accessible via land transport. Pursuant to the plan, the government has selected 5 units of de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver aircraft for the missions. Additionally, various abandoned airfields in the secondary towns which was disused after the war was also being redeveloped for the feeder service.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The pilots are sourced from Malayan Airways on a contractual basis. The carrier planned to operate on three separate routes — towards north, south and central, with all of the networks originating from Kuala Lumpur, the capital of then-British Malaya. There are four aircraft for the mission, with the fifth aircraft reserved for charter and as a backup. Costing £15,000 each, the aircraft were ordered from United Kingdom and manufactured in Canada by de Havilland Aircraft Company. It was then delivered to Malaya via Singapore using a vessel from Isthmian Steamship Company. All of the aircraft are named after the Malayan birds.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first two aircraft for the carrier arrived in Singapore from Canada in October 1951, as the carrier originally planned to commenced its operations in November 1951. Established as a project by the Federation government, the service is designed primarily for government officials, with the remaining seats offered for purchase to the general public.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Its inaugural flight was launched on 28 December 1951. The aircraft departed Kallang Airport, Singapore at 8:15 a.m and arrived in Kuala Lumpur at 11:15 a.m, the stopovers include Johor Bahru, Batu Pahat, Labis, Kluang and Malacca. The maiden flight was piloted by Capt. G. J. Rendwick. Due to the absence of advertisement, the first flight to Kuala Lumpur was flown without any passengers. The return trip however, the airline recorded one paying occupant — a member of the civil service, as well as two officials from Malayan Airways.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After the achievement of its southern circuit flights departing from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore, a central circuit route is planned to be introduced by March 1952. The planned central circuit flight is set to cater to the needs of the region, encompassing Pahang and the east coast, connecting Bentong, Benta, Temerloh, Kuantan, and Kuala Terengganu. The third and final phase will be the north-west circuit, covering north and west-bound destinations from Kuala Lumpur, consisting Jenderatala (near Teluk Anson), Sitiawan, Penang, Alor Setar, Kroh, Taiping and Ipoh. The northwest circuit, bound for Ipoh was introduced in July 1952, while its central route was extended to Kota Bharu in October 1952. A further extension was made for its northwest route to include Ulu Bernam, Kroh and Kuala Krai in late 1953.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Additionally, flight time between Malayan Airways and Federation Air Service are being coordinated to ensure a smooth transition for passengers transferring between the main trunk routes operated by Malayan Airways and the more outlying areas served by Federation Air Service. Mr. Max Oxford, acting director of Civil Aviation, states that seats on the Federation Air Service are open for purchase on a first-come, first-served basis and can be reserved at any time before a flight unless already sold. Furthermore, three seats allocated for Government and military officials will be released for sale to the general public if not claimed by 9:00 a.m the day before the flight.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Following the launch of the airline, the carrier has generated numerous interest from the public pertaining to its service, especially amongst the planters, miners and business officials. Pursuant to the inquiries, it was informed by the managing director of Civil Aviation, Max Oxford that the aim of the carrier is to provide an air link between the smaller towns. The carrier do not intended to compete with a direct flight between Kuala Lumpur to Singapore and rivaling with the already existing Malayan Airways schedule. Despite so, the managing director informed that during unique circumstances, it is possible to use a direct flight between the two major cities via the Federation Air Service.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Nevertheless, as the Malayan Emergency situation showed strong signs of improvement; as well as the increasing public trust in the safety of the southern road and railroad systems in Johore, the Federation Air Service experienced a diminished interest from the public for its southern route. Thus, he airline decided to terminate its southern route from 7 December 1953.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The middle of 1954 saw a major change on the airline's stakeholders. Following the expiration of the agreement made between Malayan Airways and the Government of Malaya from 30 June 1954, the management of Federation Air Service was then continued by Malayan Railways company.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The change would also witnessed a new opportunities for the aviation company. From 1 July 1954, the Federation Air Service tickets was also began to be sold at the train stations across the federation. Despite the takeover, it was being informed that there was no changes on the timetable, routes nor any withdrawal from the existing ticketing agents. However, it was hoped by Max Oxford, the Director of Malayan Civil Aviation that by combining the rail and regional air service under the same management, it will result a profit for the company due to the overhead cost-cutting measures.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The contract between Federation Air Service and Malayan Railways ended in February 1958. Subsequent to the contract's completion, the airline is now managed by Malayan Airways. The Government of Malaya, being another major stakeholder of the Federation Air Service, decided to terminate all of the unprofitable routes.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The termination of the routes was done as the feeder airline service was running on a loss since its inception in 1951. Based on the official records, by 1957, the carrier recorded a loss of $280,860, an increase compared to $140,986 loss in 1956. The financial setback resulted from various factors, such as increased payroll costs, additional expenditures for provisions and an overall decrease in chartered flights.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Additionally, the Federation Air Service was originally established in order to provide a safe and reliable means of transportation during the height of Malayan Emergency. However, as stability restored across Malaya towards the end of 1950s, the needs and relevance of Federation Air Service gradually become obsolete.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The Federation Air Service wrapped up its western route flights in March 1958, signaling the end of its operations in that area. The conclusion of the western route flights in March 1958 marked the second significant route closure for the Federation Air Service, following the termination of the southern route 5 years earlier in December 1953.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The final flight for the eastern route to Kuala Terengganu took place around 1960. These milestones marked the overall discontinuation of the Federation Air Service, reflecting adjustments in response to changing demands, economic factors, and the evolving transportation landscape of the time.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Historically, Federation Air Service operated scheduled flights into the following destinations:", "title": "Destinations Served" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "In addition to these scheduled services, the airline also included other chartered destinations in its flight offerings.", "title": "Destinations Served" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Holidays in Edenville, also released within Mythic Sounds' series as Earl Bud Powell, Vol. 8: Holidays In Edenville, 64, is a live album by jazz pianist Bud Powell and saxophone player Johnny Griffin recorded in Jullouville, France and released on Francis Paudras' Mythic Sound label. Recordings from the hotel gig, which ran for several nights in August, were also used on the albums Hot House, Salt Peanuts, and on one release of Blues for Bouffemont.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Critic Scott Yanow praised the album, noting Powell's \"strong form\" but taking points off the album's rating due to its poor audio quality.", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings wrote: \"the music has a strangely evocative quality, more redolent of a time long gone and a man no longer living than many a professional recording.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Etna was a screw corvette of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy), originally ordered by the Real Marina (Royal Navy) of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, but completed after the unification of Italy.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Andrea Lawlor is an American author and winner of the 2020 Whiting Award for Fiction for their novel Paul Takes the Form of a Mortal Girl.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lawlor went to Fordham University in the early 90s, where they involved themselves in activism, including starting the first lesbian and gay group on campus, for which they and their friends received death threats, and joining the Pink Panthers, which patrolled the Village and protected LGBT people from homophobic attacks. They were a member of ACT UP and lost friends to AIDS.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Lawlor came to writing aged 30 and took 15 years to complete their debut novel Paul Takes the Form of a Mortal Girl. The novel was a finalist for a Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Literature in 2017 and won the 2020 Whiting Award for Fiction.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Lawlor teaches writing at Mount Holyoke College, Hadley, Massachusetts.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Lawlor is non-binary and uses they/them pronouns. They live in Massachusetts with their partner, filmmaker Bernardine Mellis, and their child. Lawlor's best friend, Jordy Rosenberg, author of Confessions of the Fox, lives with the family.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of Vulcan Pass was a battle on the Eastern Front of World War I. Vulcan Pass was captured by the Germans on 21 September during the retreat of the Romanians after they were beaten near the city of Hermannstadt. However, on the following day, the Romanian units were still fighting at this point. On 22 September, two German battalions stormed the Vulcan Pass. In taking the Vulcan Pass, the Germans also captured 526 Romanian prisoners.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mukesh Chhabra (born 27 May 1980) is an Indian casting director, filmmaker and actor. Some of his notable works include Bajrangi Bhaijan (2015), Bombay Velvet (2015), Dangal (2016), Dil Bechara (2020), Scam 1992 (2020), Laal Singh Chaddha (2022), Commando (2023), Jawan (2023), Dunki (2023), Chamak (2023) and Kafas (2023).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born in Delhi in 1980. He studied acting at the Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts. He completed a six-year acting and teaching stint with the ‘Theatre in Education’ Company (TIE) affiliated with the National School of Drama in India.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He started his career as an assistant casting director in 2006 with Rang De Basanti. In 2012, he played a cameo in Anurag Kashyap's Gangs of Wasseypur - Part 2, which also featured Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Manoj Bajpayee. In 2015, he was the casting director for Kabir Khan's Bajrangi Bhaijan, starring Salman Khan and Kareena Kapoor Khan. In the same year, he did the casting for Bombay Velvet, featuring Ranbir Kapoor, Anushka Sharma and Karan Johar. In 2016, he did the casting for Nitesh TIwari's Dangal, starring Aamir Khan, who also produced the film.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mukesh made his directorial debut with Dil Bechara in 2020, featuring Sushant Singh Rajput and Sanjana Sanghi. In 2020, he was the casting director for Scam 1992, directed by Hansal Mehta. In 2022, he did the casting for Advait Chandan's Laal Singh Chaddha, starring Aamir Khan and Kareena Kapoor Khan. In 2023, he did the casting for Commando by Vipul Amrutlal Shah. In the same year, he played a role in Atlee's Jawan, featuring alongside Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2023, Mukesh also did the casting for Rajkumar Hirani's Dunki, starring Shah Rukh Khan, Taapsee Pannu, Vicky Kaushal and Boman Irani. In the same year, he acted and did the casting for Rohit Jugraj's Chamak and Subhash Kapoor's Kafas, featuring Mona Singh and Sharman Joshi.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alonso de Ávalos Saavedra (Medellín, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, c. 1495 – Amatitlán, Sayula, Province of Ávalos, New Spain, 1575) was a Castilian encomendero, explorer, conquistador, founder, captain, and mayor of Sayula.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1521, during the times the House of Trastámara ruled over Spain and its possessions, he organized an expedition to conquer the territory that today constitutes southern Jalisco, where he arrived in 1523, conquered Tzaulan (today, Sayula), \"Place where flies abound\", and established the capital city of the Province of Ávalos there. He was a cousin of Hernán Cortés.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Province of Ávalos extended southwest of Lake Chapala, its capital was Sayula, and was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, unlike most of the current state of Jalisco, which along with Aguascalientes, Nayarit, Zacatecas and areas of San Luis Potosí and Sinaloa, constituted the Nueva Galicia.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was a brother of Francisco de Saavedra Sandoval. Around 1530, Alonso de Ávalos married Francisca de Estrada y Gutiérrez-Flórez, daughter of Alonso de Estrada and Marina Gutiérrez-Flórez.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Institute of Petroleum Safety, Health and Environment Management (IPSHEM) is a training institute of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation that provides technical education in the fields of industrial safety, occupational health and environmental science.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The institute's inception was conceived by ONGC during its 230th Executive Committee meeting on November 28, 1984, emphasizing Health, Safety and Environment within the petroleum industry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At first, the institute was founded in 1989; however, it commenced operations from its own campus in Betul in South Goa, starting in 1997. It was set up following a feasibility study and master plan developed by Norwegian consultants SikteC A/S, supported by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, as part of a bilateral agreement between India and Norway.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As of December 2023, ONCG is planning to upgrade this institute with a budget of ₹250 crore (US$31 million).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It organizes training programs which are categorized into Basic, Advanced, and Accredited levels. Also, it conducts safety audits, develops emergency response plans, and creates disaster management strategies for different petroleum and petrochemical installations across India.", "title": "Programs" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Bruneian ambassador in Tokyo is the official representative of the Government in Bandar Seri Begawan to the Government of Japan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "35°37′33″N 139°43′58″E / 35.6258836°N 139.7326837°E / 35.6258836; 139.7326837", "title": "List of ambassadors" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William Duncan Landels (born 24 July 1938) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Scotland. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team, 3 caps for the Scotland national speedway team and 8 caps for the Australia national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Landels, born in Edinburgh, was a signifcant grasstrack rider and won Scottish titles in 1958 and 1959.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He began his British leagues career riding for Edinburgh Monarchs during the 1960 Provincial Speedway League. He missed the 1961 and 1962 seasons after being posted abroad by the army before returning in late 1963 and finally racing regularly.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He remained with Edinburgh during the formation of the British League in 1965 and the following season was a shock winner of the Scottish Open, defeating riders of the calibre of the legendary Ivan Mauger.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He went on to earn three international caps for Scotland and then one for England in December 1967, during the winter test series in Australia. He finished his Edinburgh career in 1967.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It is unknown if Landels remained in Australia after the 1967 test series but he did emigrate shortly afterwards. He had the ununsual scenario whereby he represented a third national team thereafter by being selected to represent Australia.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bitter Sweet Blues is an album by the American musician Gaye Adegbalola, released in 1999. Recorded for Alligator Records, it was her first solo album.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album was produced by Rory Block, who also played slide guitar. Adegbalola wrote or cowrote eight of its songs. \"Prove It on Me Blues\" is a version of the Ma Rainey song. \"Images\" is a cover of the Nina Simone song. \"She Just Wants to Dance\" was written by Keb' Mo'. \"Need a Little Sugar in My Bowl\" is a rendition of the song made famous by Bessie Smith. \"Nightmare\" deals with child molestation. \"Nothing's Changed\", cowritten by Block, examines the legacy of the civil rights movement. \"Front Door Blues\" is about an attempt to come out of the closet. Ysaye Barnwell sings on \"Let Go, Let God\".", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette deemed the album \"emotional and heartfelt,\" writing that \"Adegbalola combines her personal and musical life story into an adventurous and enjoyable package.\" The Edmonton Journal wrote that \"Adegbalola's voice—whether cheeky, conversational or even jazzy in parts—cuts to the real thing.\" The Gazette determined that Bitter Sweet Blues \"makes very effective use of timeless blues forms to deliver messages of feminist and African-American empowerment.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Asbury Park Press noted that \"her lyrics are delightfully saucy and sassy, without being raunchy.\" The Washington Post opined that \"even if one agrees with her progressive politics, one might still wince at her heavy-handed approach.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "AllMusic concluded that \"each song has either humor or power, sometimes both... The only thing that seems incongruous is the mixture of songs with wildly varying moods and topics.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Car Crazy (Hungarian: Kár a benzinért) is a 1965 Hungarian musical comedy film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Sándor Pécsi, Imre Sinkovits and Tamás Major. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location around Lake Balaton and the resort town of Lillafüred. The film's sets were designed by the art director László Duba.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Buying Beverly Hills is an American television series on Netflix. The first season premiered in 2022.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Leyja (styled LEYJA; Arabic: ليجا) is a ecotourism destination under construction in Saudi Arabia in NEOM, Tabuk Province. Leyja is one of the eight announced regions of NEOM and will be surrounded by 400 m (1,300 ft) tall mountains along the coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba. The tourist destination aims to support Saudi Vision 2030 for a sustainable and strong tourism industry. According to the Saudi Press Agency, 95 per cent of Leyja's land area will be preserved for natural space.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Leyja includes three Hotels which are the Adventure Hotel, designed by Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), Oasis Hotel, designed by Mario Cucinella Architects, and the Wellness Hotel, designed by Killa Design. The hotels will provide 120 boutique rooms and suites.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania desabatae is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell attains 2.35 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This marine species occurs off the Ventotene island in the Tyrrhenian Sea.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raúl Madero may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On 21 December 2023, at the main Faculty of Arts building of Charles University, located at Jan Palach Square in central Prague, Czech Republic, 15 people were killed in a mass shooting by a postgraduate history student at the school. Another 25 were injured, three of them foreigners. The 24-year-old perpetrator killed himself. Before the attack, his father was found dead at his home in Hostouň.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The perpetrator had been considered one of several suspects in a double murder case that took place six days earlier, but the lead investigator stated that the police did not manage to act in time to prevent the attack.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The attack was the deadliest mass murder in the Czech Republic since its independence in 1993, surpassing the 2020 Bohumín arson attack. It was one of the deadliest mass shootings in Europe since the 2015 Bataclan theatre massacre in Paris.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 15 December 2023, a 32-year-old father and his two-month-old daughter in a stroller were shot dead in Klánovice Forest [cs] on the eastern outskirts of Prague. The police conducted a detailed search of the entire forest with hundreds of officers, while a special task force was set up in order to find the perpetrator. On 20 December, police said that they had no leads in the case but were continuing to search for the perpetrator. The firearms website zbrojnice.com noted a similarity of the case with the 2005 \"Forest Killer\" murders, in which a former police officer killed three random victims in forests in preparation for a planned mass murder in the Prague Metro, which was prevented by his early arrest; the article ended with an appeal to readers to remain vigilant and carry their concealed firearms.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Five hours after the attack at the university, the police released information that they had found evidence in David Kozák's house linking him to the Klánovice Forest murders. At a press conference on 22 December, the chief detective of Prague's 1st General Crime Unit stated that Kozák had been one of about 4,000 suspects in the Klánovice Forest case. However, because he lived in the Central Bohemian Region, they were a few days short of being able to prevent the shootings. Central Bohemia is a separate region from the city of Prague, and each region in the country has a separate police directorate. Later that day, the police confirmed that a firearm found at Kozák's house had been ballistically matched with the bullets used in the Klánovice Forest murders. On 27 December 2023, Deník N [cs] reported that police investigators had found a letter in Kozák's home in which he confessed to the murders in Klánovice Forest.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 21 December 2023 at 12:20 CET, the Central Bohemian Police were alerted by Kozák's mother, who said she had received a message from a friend that her son was planning to take his own life and that he was en route from his hometown of Hostouň to Prague. At 12:45, the police found the body of Kozák's father in his home. A thorough search of the house was hindered by improvised explosive devices, which failed to explode. The police discovered that Kozák was a student of the Faculty of Arts at Charles University. A search warrant was issued and published immediately afterwards; the warrant indicated that Kozák was armed and dangerous. Police also commenced a security operation at Václav Havel Airport Prague, where Kozák's father worked in the airport security department.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Prague police officers entered the main building of the Faculty of Arts on Jan Palach Square sometime after 13:00 CET, where they learned that Kozák was supposed to attend a lecture at 14:00 in a different building on Celetná street. As the Central Bohemian Police Directorate had issued the search warrant for an armed person likely to take his own life, the officers left the main building at 13:49 without taking any action there. Multiple police units were sent to evacuate the building of the Faculty of Arts on Celetná street, where they believed Kozák would be present in a lecture room; the evacuation was finished at 14:22. Kozák was not found in the building or in its vicinity.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "At 14:59 CET, as the manhunt continued, the police received their first calls about a shooting taking place in the main Faculty of Arts building on Jan Palach Square, a twelve-minute walk from the evacuated building on Celetná. The perpetrator opened fire inside the building's fifth floor corridors and classrooms, while staff and students barricaded themselves in rooms using furniture. Several of those inside fled the building by jumping onto a rooftop terrace from the exterior ledges.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The first police units reached the building at 15:05 CET. After the arrival of the police, no gunshots were heard from within the building. Based on information given by students, the police searched for the perpetrator on the upper floors, while other officers started evacuating students from the lower floors to the Rudolfinum across the street. Authorities reported seeing \"piles of ammunition\" inside the building's corridors, adding that Kozák had brought multiple weapons into the university. The city emergency services also deployed a large number of ambulance units to the scene.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Police officers were searching for the perpetrator on the upper floors when they were alerted at 15:11 that he was shooting at people from the rooftop. The gunfire also caused panic outside, with crowds fleeing Charles Bridge. Police lost some time searching for an entrance towards the rooftop, as it was not marked and the area was difficult to navigate. Meanwhile, the perpetrator was engaged by officers shooting at him from the street level. At 15:20, Kozák took his own life on the roof of the building. Police later searched Jan Palach Square and a balcony for explosives. Over 200 police officers took part in the engagement in the building and its vicinity.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "A video by reporter Jiří Forman showed Kozák on the university's rooftop with a rifle. Forman, who had taken cover, shouted at Kozák to shoot in his direction in a successful attempt to draw his fire away from students evacuating the building.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Fourteen people were killed, and 25 were injured from the shooting. The perpetrator had earlier killed his father at their home. Thirteen of the victims in the university died in the building, while another died later in hospital, although Czech media reported that one of the fatalities fell off the building while trying to escape and several others were injured in similar circumstances.", "title": "Victims" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Two of the victims were staff members, including Lenka Hlávková, head of the Institute of Musicology of Charles University, and Jan Dlask [cs], a lecturer at the university's Department of Germanic Studies. Among the remaining fatalities were students, including one who also worked as a proofreader for the Lidové noviny newspaper, a shot put athlete who had won nine medals in national and international competitions, and a member of the volunteer fire brigade of the village of Velichovky. Ten of the injured were in serious condition. Three foreign nationals were reported to be among the injured, namely one Dutch national and two Emiratis. Three people were wounded in the streets when the perpetrator opened fire from the rooftop. The perpetrator also hit a civilian car and police cars.", "title": "Victims" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "A police officer with Interpol Prague identified the perpetrator as David Kozák, a 24-year-old post-graduate world history student from Hostouň, 21 kilometers (13 mi) outside Prague, who had graduated with a bachelor's degree in History and European Studies from the Faculty of Arts. Police said that the perpetrator had no prior criminal record.", "title": "Perpetrator" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Czech Police Chief Martin Vondrášek [cs] said that the perpetrator had a gun permit and owned eight weapons. As a European Union member state, the Czech Republic adheres to the European Firearms Directive and legal accessibility of firearms is comparable to other EU countries. In 2021, a constitutional amendment to the country's Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms gave citizens a right to defend themselves or others with a gun, while stating that that right cannot be limited by a separate law. To legally possess a firearm in the Czech Republic, a person must first obtain a firearms license, which requires a minimum age of 21 years, a medical examination, a weapon proficiency exam, and a clean criminal record. According to official police statistics, there were 313,000 gun license holders in the Czech Republic, who collectively owned about one million registered firearms in 2022. Gun attacks in the country are rare.", "title": "Perpetrator" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "A Telegram account attributed to him contained writings in fluent Russian that praised two school shooters from Russia, namely Ilnaz Galyaviev and Alina Afanaskina, and described suicidal tendencies. This information was shared by Czech media but was not officially confirmed by police. A Russia correspondent at Czech Radio suggested the Telegram account was likely fake, as one post was edited after the shooter's death and the posts were written \"in the language of a young native Russian speaker\".", "title": "Perpetrator" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Interior Minister Vít Rakušan said that there were no other perpetrators, but urged everyone to cooperate with police, while adding investigators did not suspect an ideological or extremist link.", "title": "Perpetrator" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "The evening after the attack, passersby lit candles and left flowers at the site of the attack. The Charles University Foundation and the community of Klánovice announced humanitarian online fundraisers to help those affected by the tragedy. The 2023–24 UEFA Women's Champions League football match between Slavia Prague and St. Pölten, set to be played at home in Prague on the day of the shooting, was postponed. Several other sports and cultural events were also called off, while Christmas markets across of the country were either closed or on reduced operations on 23 December. Interior minister Vít Rakušan called on mayors across the country to cancel New Year's fireworks displays in light of the killings. He also called on Czechs to mark the event peacefully out of respect for those traumatised by the shootings.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Following the shooting, police detained four people on suspicion of threatening to stage copycat attacks or expressing approval of the incident, while police presence in selected sites, including schools, will be heightened until 1 January 2024.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Authorities responded to several false alarms about potential attacks following the incident, including two bomb-related hoaxes in Prague. In Slovakia, a 64-year-old man in Žilina was arrested by police after calling emergency services and saying that he intended to do \"what happened in Prague\" on the evening after the attack. He was subsequently charged with spreading general alarm.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "During a vigil at Charles University on 22 December, its rector Milena Králíčková said that \"The academic community is shaken, deeply shaken.\" Prime Minister Petr Fiala cancelled his scheduled events in Olomouc and travelled to Prague shortly after the shooting. President Petr Pavel expressed his \"sincere condolences\" to the family and friends of the victims via social media, while also cutting short a trip to France.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Fiala later announced a day of mourning for 23 December, with flags flying at half-mast and a minute of silence held at noon, along with the ringing of bells for the victims. A mass for the victims was also held that day at Saint Vitus Cathedral, which was attended by Pavel, Senate president Miloš Vystrčil, and Chamber of Deputies president Markéta Pekarová Adamová. The service was officiated by Jan Graubner, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Prague, who expressed shock at the incident and expressed the \"need to clearly condemn what happened\" while also looking into the future. University rector Milena Králíčková also said during the event that \"Nobody should be left alone in these tough moments.\" Religious services for the victims were also held in other parts of the country. Vít Rakušan asked for New Year's fireworks displays to be called off out of respect for the victims.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "In a social media post, SPD MP Jiří Kobza blamed the \"inclusive progressive school system\" at the Faculty of Arts for creating the shooter. The post was later deleted. The Czech Rectors Conference [cs] called Kobza's post \"absolutely shocking, crossing the boundaries of decency, morality, good manners, but also the boundaries of humanity.\"", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Many international leaders expressed condolences, including European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, United States president Joe Biden, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau, Israeli president Isaac Herzog, Slovak president Zuzana Čaputová and prime minister Robert Fico, the Turkish Foreign Ministry, German chancellor Olaf Scholz, Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán, French president Emmanuel Macron, Finnish president Sauli Niinistö, Pope Francis, and Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen.", "title": "Reactions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Estadio Municipal de Bernal is a multi-use stadium located in Bernal, Piura, Peru. It is the home stadium of Peruvian Primera División football club, Atlético Grau. The stadium seats 7,000 spectators. The stadium is used while Estadio Miguel Grau in Piura was remodeled for the 2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup that was set to be hosted by Peru.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Defensor La Bocana used to play in the stadium in 2016.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "5°26′54″S 80°40′25″W / 5.44833°S 80.67361°W / -5.44833; -80.67361", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "7°9′42″S 78°30′39″W / 7.16167°S 78.51083°W / -7.16167; -78.51083", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 World Open is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that is scheduled to take place from 18 to 24 March 2024 in Yushan, China. The fifth edition of the World Open held in Yushan since 2016, it will be the return of the event to the tour after a three-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will be the 15th ranking event of the 2023–24 season, following the Players Championship and preceding the Tour Championship. It will also be the fourth and last major tournaments of the season to be held in China, following the International Championship.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 22 to 24 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Qualifying matches involving several top players and Chinese wildcards will be held over to be played at the main venue in Yushan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Judd Trump is the defending champion, having defeated Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 10–5 in the final of the 2019 event.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The 2024 World Open is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that is scheduled to take place from 18 to 24 March 2024 in Yushan, China. The 15th ranking event of the 2023–24 season, and the fourth and last major tournaments of the season to be held in China, the tournament is the fifth edition of the World Open held in Yushan since 2016, marking its return to the tour after a three-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally created in 1982 as the Professional Players Tournament, the tournament was held in the UK as the Grand Prix and LG Cup from 1984 to 2009, and was renamed the World Open in 2010. China hosted the event from 2012 to 2014 in Haikou, and in Yushan since 2016.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The event will be the 33rd consecutive edition of the Welsh Open since it was first played in 1992. The fourth and last event in the season's Home Nations Series, the eighth and last event in the European Series, and the 13th ranking tournament of the 2023–24 snooker season, it is scheduled to be staged from 12 to 18 February 2024 at Venue Cymru in Llandudno, Wales. The defending champion is English player Judd Trump, who defeated Thailand's Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 10–5 in the 2019 final.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 22 to 24 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Qualifying matches involving defending champion Trump, reigning World Champion Luca Brecel, the two highest-ranked Chinese players Ding Junhui and Zhang Anda, and four Chinese wildcards will be held over to be played at the main venue in Yushan.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The draw for the tournament is shown below. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners. All matches are played as the best of seven frames until the quarter-finals, which are best of nine. The semi-finals are best of 11, and the final is a best of 17 frames match played over two sessions.", "title": "Main draw" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Qualification for the tournament is scheduled to take place from 22 to 24 January at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. Although matches involving defending champion Judd Trump, reigning World Champion Luca Brecel, the two highest-ranked Chinese players Ding Junhui and Zhang Anda, and four Chinese wildcards will be held over to be played at the final venue. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.", "title": "Qualifying" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The results of the held-over matches played in Yushan on 18 March are as follows:", "title": "Qualifying" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The results of the qualifying matches played in Barnsley are as follows:", "title": "Qualifying" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Xibahe station (Chinese: 西坝河站; pinyin: Xībàhé Zhàn) is a station on the Line 17 of Beijing Subway, which is planned to open on 30 December 2023. The station will be the interchange station between Lines 12 and 17 in 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The station is located under Xibahe Bridge, the interchange between North 3rd Ring Road East (北三环东路) and Xibahe South Road (西坝河南路), on the border between Taiyanggong Area and Xiangheyuan Subdistrict, in Chaoyang District, Beijing.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The station has two underground island platforms.", "title": "Station layout" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Line 17 section of the station is planned to have 3 exits.", "title": "Station layout" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Juan Martín may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Reece Oliver is a British animal conservationist, zookeeper, and former show jumper. He is the founder and operator of the Strelley Wildlife Conservation Facility, which provides a home for rescued animals, including lions, squirrel monkeys, wallabies, puma and various other wildlife species.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Reece Oliver is engaged in wildlife conservation work and has collaborated with the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in his efforts. He also provides care for rescued animals. In 2019, Oliver rescued two stolen Humboldt penguins, Pablo and Penny, originally taken from South Lakes Safari Zoo in Cumbria. He assisted the Nottinghamshire Police in returning stolen penguins.", "title": "Career and work" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In February 2019, Oliver rescued lion cubs named Rocky and Rora from a circus in the Czech Republic, housing them in a big cat enclosure alongside his Canadian puma named Rogue, who was rescued from the illegal pet trade in Lincolnshire. In June 2019, Broxtowe Borough Council permitted him to maintain custody of these animals, despite initial objections from some councilors and residents of Strelley. The charity Born Free Foundation, which had offered to oversee the care of the lions, expressed criticism of the decision.", "title": "Career and work" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He rescued a Canadian puma as a cub from the illegal pet trade in Lincolnshire and he also houses 27 monkeys in his zoo. He also owns a South American tapir named Mr. T, who he rescued from Germany after the animal was abandoned by its family.", "title": "Career and work" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Reece Oliver expanded his enclosure to 1,000 square meters after obtaining approval from Broxtowe Borough Council in March 2021. The enclosure in Strelley is currently considered to be on par with some of the largest lion enclosures found in British zoos. Subsequently, in September 2021, the council granted permission for the construction of a new lion's den, an enclosure extension and the addition of a stable extension.", "title": "Career and work" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Multiple petitions have been filed against Oliver, advocating for a ban on the ownership of wild and dangerous animals as pets. In response to one such petition, Oliver stated, \"He does not keep his lions because he wants cuddly lions as pets; he rescued them. He meets zoo-standard requirements and holds DEFRA approval. Privately keeping animals is permissible and they are no different from a zoo.\"", "title": "Career and work" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In March 2023, Freedom for Animals submitted a petition on Change.org, urging Broxtowe Council to reject Reece Oliver's plan for a new zoo on greenbelt land in Trowell, Nottinghamshire, citing concerns about potential adverse effects on animals, the environment and the local community if the project proceeds.", "title": "Career and work" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dickieia is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Anomoeoneidaceae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "As of December 2023, there are 7 accepted species in Adlafia.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Further species names have been proposed but require further clarification as of December 2023.", "title": "Taxonomy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 108 Journey is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Hugo Rozon and Mathieu Perrault Lapierre, and released in 2021. The film centres on a trip to India and Nepal which Rozon took in 2019 as a journey of self-reflection following his diagnosis with bipolar disorder.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film's title is a reference to the spiritual significance of the number 108 in Eastern religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film premiered on January 28, 2021 on a dedicated online streaming platform, and was screened theatrically at various film festivals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mathieu Perrault Lapierre received two Prix Iris nominations at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards, for Best Cinematography in a Documentary and Best Original Music in a Documentary.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Rozon subsequently launched Comme des papillons, a documentary series in which eight Quebec celebrities talk about their own mental health journeys.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pulindu Perera (born 3 January 2006) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He plays age-group cricket representing Sri Lanka national under-19 cricket team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He began pursuing cricketing ambitions in 2014 at the age of eight at the Cricket Academy of Dharmaraja College and was initially coached by Ananda Wijesekera. He studies at Dharmaraja College.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In March 2023, he completed 1000 runs in the schools season when he achieved the milestone against D. S. Senanayake College in an under-19 schools cricket match.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In September 2023, he scored a century against the West Indies under-19 cricket team during the third and final U-19 ODI of the series and was dismissed on 155. In October 2023, he scored a century against Pakistan under-19 cricket team during the first U-19 ODI match of the five match series and was dismissed on 156.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He was named in Sri Lankan squad for the 2023 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup which was held in the United Arab Emirates.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He made his List A debut playing for Burgher Recreation Club against Sinhalese Sports Club on 19 December 2023 at the 2023 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oliver Langton (9 June 1905 – 25 August 1978) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Langton, born in Leeds, started racing in trials and won the 1927 Scott Trial before racing in the senior 1929 Isle of Man TT.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He rode in the pioneer years of British speedway beginning his British leagues career riding for Leeds during the 1929 Speedway English Dirt Track League, where he contributed towards their league winning season and was the team captain. The following season he rode for Warrington, in addition to making his debut for Belle Vue Aces.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He remained at Belle Vue from 1931 until the end of his career in 1939. During that time he was part of a team that won three consecutive trebles of league, National Trophy and ACU Cup.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "During the World war II Langton was a prt-time fireman and trained despatch riders..", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His brother Eric Langton was also a speedway rider and was capped by England 44 times.", "title": "Family" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alicia Bellamy better known by the ring name VertVixen is an American professional wrestler known for her appearances on All Elite Wrestling, Ring of Honor and Women of Wrestling.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bellamy made her debut on the independent circuit in 2019. She made her All Elite Wrestling debut on 16 December, 2020 in a loss to Red Velvet on AEW Dark. She continued to make AEW Dark and AEW Dark: Elevation appearances throughout 2021 before making her television debut on 12 December, 2022 losing to Jade Cargill on AEW Rampage. On 30 September 2023 she made her AEW Collision, losing to Julia Hart.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2023 she began appearing on Ring of Honor, notably in a loss to Nyla Rose at Final Battle.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ivara Kandapura (also known as Ayvara Kandapura, Aiganadapura, and Iygandapura) is a small hamlet adjoining Hesaraghatta on the northern outskirts of Bangalore, in Karnataka, India. Ivara Kandapura is famous for a 10th-century temple complex that is home to five temples, named after the pandavas as The Dharmeshwara, Nakuleshwara, Bheemeshwara, Sahadeshwara, Arjuneshwara and Kunti Gudi. Nearby these temples is a lesser known temple called Venugopala temple, historically referred to as Siddeshwara Temple. Related to this temple and the temple builder are three inscriptions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "An inscription in Nelamangala Taluk, which is dated to 1029 CE, records the sanction of a Siddeshwara temple by 'Vamnayyan in memory of his Guru. The two inscriptions below marked the boundaries of lands donated to the Siddeshwara Temple.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kumbarahalli is situated approximately 5 km from Ivara Kandapura, Bangalore. Two thousand-year-old inscriptions at Kumbarahalli relate to donations to the Siddeshwara Temple at Ivara Kandapura. These inscriptions are related to a 1029 CE inscription at nearby Soladevanahalli, and marked the boundaries of lands donated to the Siddeshwara temple at Ivara Kandapura.", "title": "Siddeshwara temple inscription" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "This inscription was discovered In March 2021 by Srinivas of Kumbarahalli and his friend, Dileep Simha of Chikkabanavara in a eucalyptus grove owned by Srinivas. These inscriptions were moved to a nearby warehouse soon after. The inscription was subsequently 3D digital scanned, read, and published by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project Team in the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society ( Vol 113, issue 2, April- July 2022).", "title": "Siddeshwara temple inscription" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The inscription stone measures 146 cm tall and 31 cm wide, while the characters themselves are approximately 4.2 cm tall, 5.1 cm wide, and 0.3 cm deep. The inscription is in Kannada, in the Kannada script, and is dated to 1033CE.", "title": "Siddeshwara temple inscription" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "There is a depiction of Shiva's Vahana Nandi(bull) on the inscription stone.", "title": "Siddeshwara temple inscription" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The inscription is of 2 lines and the transliterated text of the inscription in Kannada and IAST are as follows.", "title": "Siddeshwara temple inscription" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "César Monasterio may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Premanand M. Sangodkar (born Premananda Madco Sangoldacar; 16 April 1941) is an Indian theatre actor, director, playwright, and former All India Radio artiste known for his work on the Konkani stage. He started his career by acting in Marathi nataks and later made his debut in the tiatr production Ekuch Rosto (Only One Way) by M. Boyer in 1980.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Premanand M. Sangodkar, originally known as Premananda Madco Sangoldacar, was born on 16 April 1941 to Madco Ramanata Sangoldacar and Exodabai Sangoldacar, who was a homemaker. He originally came from the village of Sangolda in Bardez, and has resided in the city of Margao since 1947.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sangodkar's artistic career took shape through his active involvement in numerous Marathi nattaks, theatrical performances organized by Natekar in the village of Marcel. These nattaks served as a platform for emerging talents, with the most talented groups earning the opportunity to compete in nattak competitions held at the nearby Kala Academy, situated in close proximity to the EDC building.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1980, M. Boyer undertook the staging of a tiatr titled Ekuch Rosto (Only One Way), which showcased the dynamics between two households-one Catholic and one Hindu. While Boyer was confident in finding suitable performers for the Catholic household, he faced challenges in sourcing artists who could effectively portray characters from the Hindu household. Ultimately, Boyer enlisted Tatoba and Alka Velingkar, a couple, for the lead roles, alongside Uday Bhembre and Ulhas Buyao, who were also cast members representing the Hindu family.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "However, a mere three days prior to the final performance, the couple withdrew from their roles due to prior commitments, leaving Boyer in a state of apprehension. The situation was further compounded by the fact that the first show was scheduled to take place in Bombay (now Mumbai), where all available tickets had already been sold. Seeking a solution, Boyer turned to Buyao and Bhembre for assistance, who suggested Sangodkar as a potential replacement for the vacant roles.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Boyer, a discerning director, made a deliberate choice to observe the rehearsals of a Konkani play presented by the Konknni Bhasha Mandal at Damodar Vidya Bhavan in Margao. Following his assessment of the rehearsals, Boyer approached Sangodkar and provided him with a comprehensive briefing on the assigned role. Shalini Mardolkar was selected to portray the counterpart to Sangodkar, and after a three-day preparation period, the inaugural performance was scheduled to be held at St. Mary's Hall in Mazgaon.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Initially, Sangodkar, who was unfamiliar with his fellow tiatr artists, expressed hesitancy due to his lack of mental readiness. However, the encouragement and support from Buyao and Bhembre boosted his confidence. Owing to pre-existing business obligations, Sangodkar was unable to travel alongside the Goan artists, prompting Boyer to make special arrangements for a private cab. As some of the artists hailed from Goa while others resided in Bombay, rehearsals took place at Dhobitalao. Sangodkar was entrusted with the lead role of a bhatkar (landlord), but the coordination among the Hindu artists, who were all newcomers, displayed noticeable deficiencies. There were discussions among the other artists regarding the potential replacement of the lead actor, yet Boyer remained resolute in his decision and unwavering in his belief in Sangodkar's capability. In the meantime, Mardolkar, possessing confidence in both nattak and tiatr, provided Sangodkar with the necessary encouragement and support.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In order to confront stage fright and overcome various challenges, Sangodkar devised a strategy based on Mardolkar's suggestion. According to this approach, when one artist posed a question, they should respond with four queries. However, despite implementing this technique, Sangodkar encountered a negative reception from the audience during his performance, leaving the director and fellow artists disheartened. Subsequently, Mardolkar's spouse, A. Salam, a member of the film industry, extended an invitation to Sangodkar to visit his residence in Bandra. During their meeting, Salam offered Sangodkar the opportunity to observe a film shoot taking place in Juhu. It was during this visit that Sangodkar had the privilege of being introduced to the Bollywood actor Amjad Khan, known for his transition from stage to screen. Khan emphasized the challenges of live theatrical presentations compared to the advantages of multiple takes in film. This conversation served as a source of inspiration for Sangodkar, and they bid farewell.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "During Boyer's subsequent performance at Dhobitalao, Sangodkar began receiving applause from the audience after delivering each dialogue. At this juncture, he realized that adhering strictly to the tiatr script was not obligatory. Instead, an artist's personal contributions played a vital role in elevating the quality of the tiatr. As Sangodkar initiated the practice of incorporating his own input into the tiatr, Boyer instructed his prompter to take note of the additional material integrated into the original dialogues. With Sangodkar's performances, the tiatr production swiftly gained popularity. Sangodkar made his debut on the tiatr stage in 1980, featuring in M. Boyer's production titled Ekuch Rosto. He continued to grace the same stage until 2015, when his final appearance was in Mario Menezes's tiatr, He Kaide Kosle?.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Sangodkar has had the privilege of working alongside notable figures in the field of tiatr, such as Jacinto Vaz, Prem Kumar, Remmie Colaco, John Claro, Mike Mehta, Wilmix-Sharon, Anthony Sylvester, Patrick Dourado, C. D'Silva, as well as emerging directors like Michael Gracias, Lawry Travasso, Bonaventure D'Pietro, and Anil Kumar. He has demonstrated his acting prowess by portraying commanding characters including landlords, judges, advocates, doctors, and priests. Noteworthy performances include his roles in Boyer's tiatrs Ekuch Rosto and Ghor Dukhi Ganv Sukhi (House Sad, Village Happy), Prem Kumar's tiatr Vauraddi (Worker), and Mike Mehta's tiatrs Papagay Canta E Bera and Grant Road.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Reflecting on the evolution of tiatrs, Sangodkar points out that the older productions had a more natural quality, characterized by memorable cantos written by C. Alvares and M. Boyer. However, he observes that modern tiatrs often prioritize disconnected jokes over cohesive storytelling, and lack the same attention to authentic character portrayal in terms of dress code. Despite this, Sangodkar acknowledges the progress made in contemporary tiatrs (1961–present), particularly in areas such as stage design, background music, lighting effects, and dialogue memorization. He highlights the dedication and education of today's tiatrists, who prioritize time management and punctuality.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shannon Tan (born 11 May 2004) is a golfer from Singapore. In 2023, she won the Singapore Ladies Masters on the China LPGA Tour and became the first Singaporean to earn a card for the Ladies European Tour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tan was introduced to golf by her father when she was five. In 2018, she triumphed at the Tasmanian Amateur Championship, defeating Isabelle Simpson 9&8 in the final. She represented Singapore at the 2018 Espirito Santo Trophy and at the Queen Sirikit Cup (the Asia-Pacific Amateur Ladies Golf Team Championship) between 2018 and 2022, where she was individual runner-up in 2021, a stroke behind Mizuki Hashimoto.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tan attended Charters Towers State High School in Queensland, Australia before enrolling at Texas Tech University in the fall of 2022, to start playing with the Texas Tech Red Raiders women's golf team. She closed out her freshman year by finishing tied-fourth at the NCAA Division I regionals.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In July 2023 Tan won the Singapore Ladies Masters at Laguna National, a China LPGA Tour event, while still an amateur. She became only the second Singaporean to win on the CLPGA after Amanda Tan won the 2017 Beijing Heritage.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In December 2023, Tan earned her card for the Ladies European Tour by finishing tied 8th at Q-School, the first Singaporean to earn an LET card.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Source:", "title": "Amateur wins" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Source:", "title": "Team appearances" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vera Purdy (20 January 1909 – 21 December 1940) (other names included Vera Robinson) was an Australian prostitute and underworld figure, given to be associated with reputed and convicted thieves, and being a drug addict: 'volatile Vera Purdy, demi-mondaine, pickpocket, dope fiend, veritable she-cat, one of the most picturesque feminine figures to make her way through Australia's underworld'. The 'tall, trim, peroxide blonde' died relatively young at 31. Her offending was from Victoria to Queensland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Known underworld figures had nicknames: Tilly Devine (1900–1970), the ‘Queen of Woolloomooloo’, and Kate Leigh (1881–1964), the 'Queen of Surry Hills'; Purdy, the 'Queen of Darlinghurst's \"night clubs\"' was also referred to in 1940 after her death as the 'Fighting Queen of Sydney Underworld'.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She was given to be 'the toughest, smartest, prettiest, most fashionable girl of the Sydney underworld. All the mob men, the razor men, the muscle men, the gun men, the cocaine men, the stand-over men; the dips, the safe-blowers and the urgers' liked her, yet feared her – and yet her reputation, like her life, did not survive as long as Devine or Leigh. A stylish dresser with expensive clothes, vermillion-sticked lips and pencilled eyebrows, with coiffured fair hair, Purdy's temper was well-known; at one stage when being arrested by a police officer and directed to drive to the police station, she kidnapped him.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Purdy was born as Hannah Vera Garnett in 1909 in Christchurch, New Zealand, to parents Frederick John Garnett and Doris Ellen Garnett (née Woodward; c. 1882–1924), who had married on 28 December 1905. Her older sister and only sibling Doris Freda Garnett was born on 10 October 1906.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Her mother died on 26 July 1924 at 78 Salisbury Street, Christchurch when Purdy had just turned 15. A year later, aged 16, she was living in the Christchurch suburb of Halswell.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In July 1925, she appeared before the court as a witness to provide evidence of liquor served to underage persons at Munn's Occidental Hotel, Christchurch. 'Sweet sixteen, saucily attired' she 'minced forward' to the witness box, only later for the charges to be dismissed against the publican and the barman because she and Pearl Amelia Nicholls looked quite mature and grown women. Instead Purdy was charged with being an idle and disorderly person, and committed to the Wellington Borstal Institute for a period not to exceed three years.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After serving fifteen months of a three-year vagrancy sentence, Purdy reportedly moved from Christchurch, New Zealand, to Australia.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Purdy's sister Doris married Frank Farley in Sydney on 18 March 1929; she later died on 21 August 1944 in Nouméa, New Caledonia, now married to Charles Gaston Legras. It was reported by 1937 Purdy was receiving a monthly remittance of £8 from her late father's estate in Nouméa.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "From these origins, Purdy's criminal life of adventure commenced, although she managed to avoid incarceration many times despite 'traffic offences, charges of stealing money, running into three figures, from men, and other varied clashes with the cops, brushing against her'. She admitted later in life 'she took the wrong turning and liked it', and 'I only knew one way to make a living', and 'her cool audacity soon won her an elevated place in the bad districts about King's Cross'.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Following an incident on 22 February 1930, at her business at Brougham Court, Brougham Street, King's Cross, Sydney, the now-'exceptionally smart and attractive wife of the well-known ex-New Zealand boxer, Charlie Purdy' had brought a charge against malicious damage against another. Purdy's sister Doris Farley was present at the time. The magistrate quickly dismissed the prosecution as a case of a brawl.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "On 14 April 1930 between 8 pm and 11 pm, her blue-and-fawn Essex sports model motor car, registered number plated as 217283, worth £365, had been stolen from Dowling Street, Paddington, Sydney. Recovered in August repainted, with parts removed, the mechanic and alleged thief was found not guilty having alleged he had been authorised by Purdy to take the car to a garage.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "By May 1930, twice within the four months after obtaining her driving licence she faced the court on charges of dangerous driving; the latter occasion of speeding away after crashing into the centre of a tram on Abercrombe Street, Sydney. She was also convicted for the earlier incident at Kogarah on 15 April 1930.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "February 1932 saw Purdy as the 'handsome young blonde', carrying her brown Pekingese dog under her arm, with 24-year-old unemployed tailor's cutter Robert Marsh who was attacked with a razor in the early hours of a Friday morning at Purdy's residence at Brougham Street, Darlinghurst, requiring 22 stitches. Despite admitting being present and a struggle with knives, the defendant Peter Costello was found not guilty by the jury in April, but found guilty of malicious wounding on 12 May 1932.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In May 1932, Purdy was to front the Sydney Court of Quarter Sessions on charges of assault with intent to rob, although she was found not guilty the next day. Ten days later, the 'toughest thing in skirts', the 'dashing, quick-witted girl-friend of razor slashers and dope addicts' had been charged with vagrancy, and was seeking to leave immediately to a 'quaint little one-horse town I've picked out somewhere up north'.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "July 1933 saw Auld v Purdy played out in a New South Wales appeals court about section 4 of the Vagrancy Act 1902 (NSW), where whoever habitually consorts with known prostitutes commits an offence. It heard that Purdy was a known prostitute, had been in the company of other known prostitutes including Nellie Cameron, and shared a residence with one of those women.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In September 1933 now in Melbourne, aged about 29, she was associating with Leslie Thomas Faure (–1937) and his wife Irene. Irene's first husband Norman Bruhn (1894–1927) was a notorious and violent member of the criminal underworlds in both Melbourne and Sydney, and part of Australia's first 'razor gang'. Bruhn had been a pimp and one of the lovers of Nellie Cameron. After Bruhn's death and marrying Irene, Faure took care of Bruhn's two sons, where the Bruhn criminality continued through the generations albeit under the Faure surname.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "A reputation for almost complete immunity from Melbourne juries, her modus operandi was to lure then rob male victims. In Sydney she was defended at least twice by well-known solicitor-to-the-underworld, Philip Norman Roach, who also later defended her second husband, Horace Robinson.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Her time in Queensland led to the Brisbane police knowing her as 'the blonde bombshell'. In May 1935 in Brisbane, in possession of stolen pound notes, she tried to start swallowing the evidence.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "On 23 September 1936 in William Street, Sydney saw her with charges of theft and assault. Purdy offered to drive the complainant Clement Hill and Constable Thomas Small to the police station in her limousine, which was accepted; whereupon the 'beauteous blonde' then stated she was not going to the police station, and the group of them drove off. The 'kidnapped' police officer blew his whistle furiously for assistance, only to receive a back-hander across the mouth by Purdy, a scratch to the face, and told 'You — —, stop blowing that — whistle!'. After stopping to buy cigarettes in Palmer Street, she then drove to the Darlinghurst Police Station with the injured parties. The results were just convictions and fines.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "January 1937 saw Purdy, who was living in Gore Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, convicted on consorting, the habitual association with convicted offenders. Sentenced to three months imprisonment, a notice to appeal was lodged. The same charge two years prior had been successfully appealed; and this time she offered again a denial 'she had met any person for nefarious purposes'. The appeal was upheld and the conviction quashed.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "The temperamental Purdy enjoyed driving her luxurious sedan motor car up and down Melbourne's Little Lonsdale Street, locating her male clients, and operating from a flat in La Trobe Street. By November 1937 she, as a Mrs Vera Barry, and known to the state's police vice squad, was back in the Melbourne Police Court, this time to appeal against the police commissioner being a 'moral censor' to deny her renewing her driver licence. It was not disputed she had several convictions including consorting and soliciting, the last being earlier in the year. It was raised the Commissioner had a discretionary power to refuse a licence when taking into account facts other than those disclosed in evidence; but was subject to a court of petty sessions: The court granted the application for a licence.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "In 1938 Purdy ended up in a Melbourne hospital with tuberculosis, before making her way to New Zealand. Charged with stealing diamonds, she absconded back to Australia.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "In October 1939, back in Sydney, the 29-year-old was charged with grievous bodily harm from an incident at the Vanderbilt Flats, King's Cross, after a woman went to retrieve her husband from that flat; but again Purdy was acquitted by the court.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "By September 1940, Purdy was in Townsville, Queensland, living with a 'notorious criminal from the South', when she was pleaded guilty to fare evasion with a fine of £1 and to make restitution, and 'very insulting' language for a fine of £2.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "From Townsville she went to Toowoomba, only a few months before her demise.", "title": "Criminal career" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Charles Francis Purdy (1905–1962), a former New Zealand professional welter boxer married Vera on 7 January 1930, he 24, she 21, at St John's Anglican Church, Darlinghurst, Sydney. It was reported on the wedding night, she flirted with another man, and threw a glass vase at her new husband when chided by him. Living on King's Cross Road, Darlinghurst, and several more addresses, coming home drunk early in the morning, she also used to assault him. By late July 1933, whilst still in love with her, he attended the Sydney Central Summons Court and sought the protection of the law after fearing his wife's threats: 'after remarking, \"I'll put a bullet into you, Purdy!\" had garnished her threat with a series of more or less inappropriate expletives'. For this she was bound over for twelve months to be of good behaviour.", "title": "First marriage" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "After spending at least five occasions in a hospital from Vera's affrays, the couple drifted apart. A decree nisi was issued on 18 April 1935 following claims of constructive desertion by Charles.", "title": "First marriage" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Horace Clive Robinson (1910–1982) was a motor mechanic at Kings Cross, Sydney, and married Purdy on 7 October 1936 in Sydney. In reality, Robinson engaged in a habitual criminal life of breaking, entering, and robbing. After moving to Melbourne, he last saw from her in July 1937 when he was gaoled until July 1940, and last heard from her in 1940.", "title": "Second marriage" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "After living at a Hursley Road residence, Toowoomba, Queensland, a 'one-horse town' as quipped by Purdy, she died at the Toowoomba General Hospital on Saturday, 21 December 1940, attributed to an overdose of cocaine. Cocaine hydrochloride was considered a dangerous drug at that time. The proprietress of the residence 'Sunnyside' had previous involvements with the police, including for sly grogging. After her death, a known criminal called at the police station for Purdy's belongings, stating he was her lawful husband, but disappeared when Robinson was located in New South Wales. Robinson advised he never knew Purdy was a drug addict, knew her occupation, or that she had been living in 'a house of ill-fame in Toowoomba'. There were no known children from any of her relationships.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aventura Reunion In NYC is a month-long rescindence by music group Aventura that took place at United Palace in New York City. The concerts started on February 4, 2016, and ended on February 28, 2016. The concerts serverd as a reunon for the band following their break up on 2011 to pursue the individual musical careers. Initually only 4 shows were announced, however more shows were announced due the high demand.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Billed as their last shows together, the residence was a commercial success with all the concerts sold out. The Concerts receive positive reviews by fans a critics.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In April 2009, Aventura released the last studio album The Last (2009) and become the best-selling Latin album of the United States of 2009 and 2010 and promote the record with The Last Tour (2009–11). The group promise to comeback in 2013, however this did not happened. Following that, the band splited to individually focus their musical career. The lead singer Romeo Santos released Formula Vol. 1 (2011) and Formula Vol. 2 (2014) with great success. In July 2014, The group reunited to performed at Romeo Santos's concert at New York's Yankee Stadium.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On December 2, 2015, it was revealed the dates of a reunion concerts at the United Palace. According to the press release, this shows would be their last concerts together.", "title": "Background" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nils Axel Erik Bohman (9 September 1902 – 1 December 1943) was a Swedish writer, translator and journalist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After graduating from the Stockholm University College in 1928, he worked at the Stockholm Burgher School as a teacher. Between 1928–1934, 1932–1943 and 1934–1936, he was a co-editor of Nya Dagligt Allehanda, Bonniers litterära magasin and Nu respectively. He was also the editor-in-chief of Svenska män och kvinnor. He often used Nikolaus Brusenbaum and Sven i Rosengård as pseudonyms.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vishen Sasmith Halambage (born 19 January 2005) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He plays age-group cricket representing Sri Lanka national under-19 cricket team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He hails from Ambalangoda. He initially pursued his education at the Stafford International and later switched to St. Peter's College, Colombo with the intention of furthering his cricketing ambitions. His father Kumara Halambage also played first-class cricket for Singha Sports Club and his uncle Halambage Premasiri served as the president of the Galle District Cricket Association.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He made his T20 debut playing for Panadura Sports Club against Nondescripts Cricket Club on 27 May 2023 during the 2023 Major Clubs T20 Tournament. He was named in Sri Lankan squad for the 2023 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup which was held in the United Arab Emirates. He made his List A debut playing for Panadura Sports Club against Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club on 21 December 2023 at the 2023 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This article is a list of awards and nominations received by Tim Burton.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He has received numerous accolades including an Emmy Award, and a Golden Globe Award as well as nominations for two Academy Awards and three BAFTA Awards. He has also received several honorary awards including the Venice International Film Festival's Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in 2007 and was given The Order of the Arts and Letters by Culture Minister of France in 2010.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saint-Dié-des-Vosges station is a railway station serving the town Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, Vosges department, northeastern France. It is situated at the junction of three railway lines: towards Strasbourg, Arches and Lunéville. The station is served by TGV inOui towards Nancy and Paris, and by regional trains towards Strasbourg, Épinal and Nancy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "48°16′55″N 6°56′54″E / 48.28194°N 6.94833°E / 48.28194; 6.94833", "title": "External links" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Islamic Republic of Iran is a key patron of the Lebanese Shia Islamist militant group and political party Hezbollah. Iranian support, including financial aid, deployment of Revolutionary Guards, and training, has played an important role in Hezbollah's formation and development. Hezbollah has functioned as Iran's proxy since its inception, and is considered to be part of the \"Axis of Resistance\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hezbollah itself, founded in 1982, originated as an Iranian-backed Shi'ite militant group in Lebanon. The organization's founders adopted the model outlined by Ayatollah Khomeini after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and its forces were trained by a contingent of Revolutionary Guards from Iran. Hezbollah officially aligned itself with the Iranian regime in 1985, and the close relationship between Hezbollah and Iran has persisted ever since.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Iran considers its relationship with Hezbollah as crucial, as it provides Iran with a means to expand its influence in the Levant, exert pressure on Israel and US interests, discourage any attempts at regime change, and uphold its ideological commitments.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Hezbollah has received substantial financial support from Iran, estimated to range from $700 million to $1 billion annually. Additionally, Iran provides weapons, training, and other forms of assistance to Hezbollah.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hezbollah was established in 1982 by young Shi’a Lebanese clerics who had studied in Najaf. The organization adopted the model outlined by Ayatollah Khomeini after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and its founders chose the name \"Hezbollah\" as instructed by Khomeini. Lebanese Hezbollah, or the \"Party of God,\" emerged from an Iranian initiative to unite various militant Shi’a groups in Lebanon during a period of domestic and regional instability, particularly the country's civil war. The organization is considered by some an attempt by Lebanon's historically marginalized Shi’a Muslims to assert economic and political influence", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Hezbollah's forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards from Iran, with permission from the Syrian government. They were allowed to transit through the eastern highlands of Syrian-controlled Lebanon and establish a base in the Bekaa Valley during Lebanon's occupation.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Iranian support, including the deployment of Revolutionary Guards and financial aid, played a significant role in Hezbollah's formation and development. Initially, Hezbollah operated as a network of radical Shia paramilitary groups with shared strategic goals, such as establishing an Islamic republic, but differing on tactical matters.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Following the opening of the 1982 war marked by Israel's invasion of Lebanon some 800 Revolutionary Guards were sent to Lebanon through Syria to help recruit Hezbollahi, provide political and religious indoctrination and military training, including instruction in terrorist tactics.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In July 1982, Iran reacted to the war by deploying 1,500 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) advisers to Lebanon's Bekaa Valley with the aim of establishing and training a new Shiite militia, which later transformed into Hezbollah. The approximately 1,500 Pasdaran set up their headquarters in the Syrian-controlled Beqaa Valley, where they organized training camps. Under the supervision of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the fighters underwent guerrilla training, and military material was established in the Bekaa Valley in 1982. Iran sent a contingent of Revolutionary Guards to Lebanon, ostensibly to combat the Israeli invaders. Additionally, Iran provided financial support to the newly-formed Islamist groups, including Hezbollah.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1985, Hezbollah officially aligned itself with the Iranian regime and Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership. Hezbollah has functioned as Iran's proxy since its inception, and it is estimated that Iran provides substantial financial support, ranging from $700 million to $1 billion annually.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Hezbollah adopted the alias Islamic Jihad Organization to create plausible deniability and obscure its connection with Iran.", "title": "Islamic Jihad Organisation proxy" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Despite attempts to maintain separation, evidence, including declassified information, revealed the close relationship between Hezbollah, its Islamic Jihad terrorist wing, and Iran.", "title": "Islamic Jihad Organisation proxy" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 1983 he CIA reported that Islamic Jihad “more likely is a cover used by Iran for its terrorist operations, whether employing local Shias in Lebanon or locally recruited agents of other nationalities” and that “[s]urrogates provide Iran with an excellent means for creating the illusion that an independent, international organization is at work against U.S. interests.”", "title": "Islamic Jihad Organisation proxy" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The use of the Islamic Jihad alias was an attempt to create the illusion of an independent, international organization working against U.S. interests. While initially loosely organized, Iran played a key role in transforming Islamic Jihad into the organized entity known as Hezbollah. The formalization and professionalization of Hezbollah occurred through substantial support from Iran, including money, weaponry, personnel, training, and guidance. Iranian embassy officials in Damascus and the IRGC were actively involved in coordinating radical Shi’a activities through the Council of Lebanon, within Lebanon; according to US intelligence thus solidifying Hezbollah as a significant arm of Iran's military apparatus. Iranian auxiliaries were embedded within Hezbollah units, sharing communication and support networks.", "title": "Islamic Jihad Organisation proxy" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Iranian influence took shape through shared ideological, cultural, and religious principles derived from the Iranian Revolution and the concept of waliyat al-faqih (guardianship of the jurist).", "title": "Ideological and religious influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Hezbollah embraced Ayatollah Khomeini's revolutionary message and its clerics committed to establishing a fundamentalist state on a global scale. The early growth of Hezbollah can be attributed to the influence of Iranian-trained clerics and a dedication to Ayatollah Khomeini and the mission of sparking an Islamic revolution in Lebanon.", "title": "Ideological and religious influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The close connection between the Shi’a religious hierarchy in Lebanon and Iran is also historical and through familial ties, involving the training of Lebanese clerics in Iran, intermarriage with Iranian clerical families, and the propagation of Iranian theological discourse. Beyond educational and familial routes, Iranian ideology permeated Lebanon through official channels, with the IRGC in Lebanon providing not only paramilitary and terrorist skills but also political and religious indoctrination. In 1987, the CIA emphasized that while an independent Islamic fundamentalist movement might have emerged in Lebanon, Iranian support significantly accelerated its development.", "title": "Ideological and religious influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Hezbollah has also sought to present an image of autonomy. The organization's founding statement “to determine our fate by our own hands”. Hezbollah, whilst advocating an Iran-inspired Islamist regime, however Hezbollah emphasized that it wishes for the Lebanese to have freedom of determination.", "title": "Hezbollah autonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Hezbollah receives funding from several sources including the Bashar Al-Assad regime in Syria, the Lebanese diaspora, international crime and legal businesses however its most significant source.", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Iran is believed to provide substantial financial support to Hezbollah, ranging from at least $100 million to a potentially higher figure of around $200 million annually. In 2020 according to the state department, Hezbollah received US$700 million from Iran.", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "This increased funding is thought to align with Iran's interest in destabilizing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, according to US intelligence, Hezbollah serves as a key proxy in achieving this objective. The support extends beyond cash funds, with Iranian cargo planes delivering weapons, including rockets and small arms, to Hezbollah in Lebanon. Material assistance is also channeled through purportedly private charities closely affiliated with Iran's revolutionary elite. Hezbollah has obtained weaponry supplied by Iran, including 11,500 missiles deployed in southern Lebanon. Additionally, 3,000 Hezbollah militants have undergone training in Iran, covering various skills such as guerrilla warfare, missile and rocket artillery firing, unmanned drone operation, naval warfare, and conventional military operations.", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Iran provides financial and material aid but also offers training, establishing training programs and camps. For instance, as of August 2002, Iran was reported to have financed and established terrorist training camps in the Syrian-controlled Beka'a Valley to train Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and PFLP-GC terrorists. Iran has consistently supported Hezbollah's involvement in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, assigning Imad Mughniyeh, Hezbollah's international operations commander, to assist Palestinian militant groups such as Hamas and PIJ.", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Iran's financially supports Hezbollah affiliated media, notably the television station al-Manar, called the \"station of resistance.\"", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Iran according to the US indirectly funds al-Manar, contributing to its approximately $15 million annual budget, with estimates suggesting Iran provides $100–200 million per year to Hezbollah, which is then transferred to the TV station.", "title": "Financial Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Hezbollah has obtained weaponry supplied by Iran, with 11,500 missiles already positioned in southern Lebanon. Additionally, 3,000 Hezbollah militants have completed training in Iran, covering various aspects such as guerrilla warfare, missile and rocket artillery firing, operation of unmanned drones, naval warfare, and conventional military operations.", "title": "Weapons" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Hezbollah has obtained weaponry supplied by Iran, including 11,500 missiles already deployed in southern Lebanon. Additionally, 3,000 Hezbollah militants underwent training in Iran, covering various skills such as guerrilla warfare, missile and rocket artillery firing, operation of unmanned drones, naval warfare, and conventional military operations. Mahmoud Ali Suleiman, the Hezbollah operative captured by the IDF in August 2006 for his involvement in the kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers during a cross-border raid on July 12, confessed during his interrogation to receiving weapons training and religious instruction in Iran. He informed interrogators that he traveled in a civilian car to Damascus and then flew to Iran. Apart from the Russian-made Katyusha, Hezbollah's reported artillery cache consists entirely of Iranian-made weapons.", "title": "Weapons" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "In June 1985, Hezbollah hijacked TWA Flight 847, demanding the release of 700 Shiite Muslims. The hijackers, with logistical support from Iran, engaged in a campaign that included killing a U.S. Navy diver and threatening Jewish passengers. Hezbollah has denied it's involvement.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "On March 27, 1992, Islamic Jihad, a group linked to Hezbollah, claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing outside the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, resulting in 20 deaths and 252 injuries. The US National Security Agency and the Israeli intelligence found that the highest levels of the Iranian government had authorized the attack. Seven Iranian diplomats were expelled from Argentina after the Argentine government stated they had convincing proof of Iranian involvement.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "On July 18, 1998, in Islamic Jihad took credit for a blast outside the Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association in Buenos Aires, resulting in 95 fatalities and 200 injuries. In 2004, Argentine intelligence determined that a 21-year-old Hezbollah operative executed the attack with logistical support from Iran. The bombing is the deadliest terrorist incident in Argentina. In 2006, Argentine authorities issued an international arrest warrant for Ali Fallahian, the head of Iranian intelligence, accusing him of orchestrating the operation. Subsequently, in 2007, INTERPOL added Ali Fallahian, along with four other Iranian officials and one Hezbollah member, to its most wanted list, citing their purported involvement in the bombing.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "May 17, 1995: Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei appointed Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah and Shura Council member Mohammad Yazbek as his religious representatives in Lebanon.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "June 25, 1996: Hezbollah, with Iranian support, claimed responsibility for a truck bombing near Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, killing 19 and injuring 500. In 2001, a US federal court alleged that an Iranian officer was involved in the directing of the operation.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Aug. 1, 2005: Nasrallah met with Supreme Leader Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad in Tehran.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "Jane's Defence Weekly, a defense industry magazine, disclosed on August 4, 2006, that during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Hezbollah formally requested Iran to provide a continuous stream of weapons to bolster its operations against Israel. According to Western diplomatic sources cited in the report, Iranian authorities assured Hezbollah of an ongoing supply of weapons for \"the next stage of the confrontation.", "title": "2006 Lebanon war" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Iran has denied supplying Hezbollah with weapons however multiple reports have consisetnly pointed to the contrary. Nevertheless, Mohtashami Pur, a former ambassador to Lebanon and the current secretary-general of the 'Intifada conference,' stated in an Iranian newspaper that Iran had supplied the missiles to the Shiite militia. He further emphasized that Hezbollah had the endorsement of his country to deploy the weapons in defense of Lebanon. The Israel Defense Forces regard Hezbollah as virtually an arm of the Iranian armed forces; a senior Israeli defence official told Jane's Defence Weekly that \"we should consider that what we are facing in Lebanon is not a militia but rather a special forces brigade of the Iranian Army.\" During a 2007 interview with the Iranian Arabic-language TV station al-Qawthar, Hezbollah Deputy Secretary-General Naim Kassem stated that the endorsement of the ayatollahs in Tehran is necessary for all suicide bombings and other operations in Lebanon. Additionally, in 2008, Iran commemorated a recently deceased Hezbollah leader by issuing a postage stamp.", "title": "2006 Lebanon war" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "In 2007 Nasrallah visited Damascus, Syria, meeting with Iranian President Ahmadinejad.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "In 2010, the leaders of Hezbollah, Syria and Iran meet in Damascus.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "May 2008: Hezbollah operatives planned a bomb attack against the Israeli embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan in retaliation of the killing of Imad Mughniyah, but Azerbaijani authorities foiled the plot, revealing alleged IRGC-ordered attacks against U.S., Israeli, and Western embassies.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "Feb. 26, 2010: Syrian President Bashar al-Assad hosted Iranian President Ahmadinejad and Nasrallah.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "Oct. 13–14, 2010: President Ahmadinejad visited Lebanon, expressing anti-Zionist sentiments in Bint Jbeil and meeting with Nasrallah.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "Dec. 16, 2010: Iran reportedly reduced funding to Hezbollah by 40 percent due to international sanctions over its nuclear program.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "Feb. 7, 2012: Nasrallah acknowledged Iran's comprehensive support for Hezbollah since 1982, rejecting U.S. allegations of money laundering and drug smuggling.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "Feb. 13, 2012: Coordinated bombing attempts in India and Georgia targeted Israeli embassy personnel, with Israel attributing the operations to Tehran and Hezbollah.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "July 18, 2012: A suicide bombing at Sarafovo Airport in Bulgaria killed six Israeli tourists and a Bulgarian driver, leading Israel to blame Hezbollah and Iran.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "Oct. 11, 2012: Nasrallah confirmed Hezbollah's drone incursion into Israel, boasting of Iran's support in assembling the drone in Lebanon.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "May 25, 2013: Nasrallah admitted Hezbollah's involvement in Syria, emphasizing Syria's role as the resistance's backbone.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 45, "text": "April 14, 2014, In Southeast Asia, a Hezbollah network involved in a failed truck-bombing targeting the Israeli embassy in Bangkok had close ties to Iranian intelligence agents, indicating the interconnected nature of their operations. These instances highlight the direct contacts each Hezbollah cell maintains with senior Hezbollah and/or Iranian intelligence operatives.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 46, "text": "Nov. 22, 2014: IRGC General claimed Iran provided Hezbollah with Fateh missiles capable of reaching any target in Israel.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 47, "text": "Jan. 18, 2015: Israeli airstrike killed IRGC General Allah-Dadi and six Hezbollah fighters in Syria's Golan Heights.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 48, "text": "Dec. 22, 2016: Hezbollah played a key role in aiding the Syrian government, an Iranian ally in their victory against rebels in a pivotal battle.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 49, "text": "In September 2019, with the support of Iran, Hezbollah reportedly established a facility in the Bekaa Valley for manufacturing precision-guided missiles.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 50, "text": "In Jan. 5, 2020 following the killing of Iranian Revolutionary Guards’ general Qassem Soleimani, Hezbollah Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah pledged to push U.S. forces out of the Middle East to avenge Gen. Qassem Soleimani's killing.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 51, "text": "Feb. 9, 2022: Nasrallah said “a strong regional state and any war with it will blow up the entire region”, he denied automatic obedience to Tehran, stating Hezbollah's actions are for Lebanon's sake.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 52, "text": "On October 12, 2023, Iranian Foreign Minister met Nasrallah in Beirut to discuss the war between Hamas and Israel, in the meeting, Hezbollah expressed readiness to respond to Israeli acts.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 53, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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