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Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Jul, 2020? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in 2020-07-20? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in 20/07/2020? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Jul 20, 2020? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in 07/20/2020? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in 20-Jul-202020-July-2020? | July 20, 2020 | {
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
} | L2_Q492826_P286_1 | Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020. | MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: | [
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in Mar, 1992? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in 1992-03-08? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in 08/03/1992? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in Mar 08, 1992? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in 03/08/1992? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Brian McDermott play for in 08-Mar-199208-March-1992? | March 08, 1992 | {
"text": [
"South China AA"
]
} | L2_Q316345_P54_9 | Brian McDermott plays for Djurgårdens IF Fotboll from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 1990.
Brian McDermott plays for Fulham F.C. from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1983.
Brian McDermott plays for Yeovil Town F.C. from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Brian McDermott plays for Oxford United F.C. from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1987.
Brian McDermott plays for Cardiff City F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Brian McDermott plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1986.
Brian McDermott plays for IFK Norrköping from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1984.
Brian McDermott plays for South China AA from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Brian McDermott plays for Arsenal F.C. from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1984. | Brian McDermott (footballer)Brian James McDermott (born 8 April 1961) is a former professional footballer and former manager of Reading.Born in Slough to Irish parents, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in 1977 and went on to play for Fulham, IFK Norrköping, Oxford United, Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town in a 14-year playing career during the 1980s and 1990s. At IFK Norrköping he was named Sweden's Player of the Year in 1984. He finished his playing career at Slough Town in 1995. The following season, he became manager of Slough Town where he had a very successful few years in the Conference.Following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers, McDermott was appointed manager of Reading. In his first season as manager of Reading he led them into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years, a run that included knocking out Liverpool at Anfield. The following season, he repeated the feat, this time with an away win over Liverpool's city rivals Everton. McDermott led Reading to a Championship playoff final, where they lost to Swansea City; the following season Reading were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 11 March 2013, McDermott was sacked with the club in 19th place. McDermott made a swift return to management, replacing Neil Warnock at Leeds United. He left the post by mutual consent on 27 May 2014.Born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, McDermott joined Arsenal as an apprentice in January 1977, signing professional forms with the club in February 1979. He was a regular in Arsenal's reserve team, finishing as top scorer in the Football Combination in 1978–79, before making his début as a substitute against Bristol City on 10 March 1979. He did not properly break into the Arsenal first team until the 1980–81 season, notching 45 appearances (14 as sub) in all competitions in that season and 1981–82.Unable to match his goalscoring rate at the top level, he featured much less in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 seasons and was loaned out twice by the Gunners: once to Fulham in 1983 and then to IFK Norrköping between April and October 1984, where he was named Sweden's Player of the Year. McDermott secured a permanent move to Oxford United in December 1984, having made 72 appearances (44 starts, 28 as sub) for Arsenal, scoring 13 goals.McDermott's later career included a loan spell at Huddersfield Town and at Djurgårdens IF, before stints at Cardiff City, Exeter City and Yeovil Town.After a spell in Hong Kong for club South China, McDermott returned to England to play in the Sussex County League with STAMCO while working at Slough Town as Football in the Community Officer. He then played briefly for Slough Town before subsequently managing the club.McDermott joined Slough Town, initially as a player in 1995; however, he took up a player manager role with the club following the departure of then manager, Dave Russell, in March 1996. Slough finished the 1995–96 season in 17th place in the Conference. McDermott then went on to have two full seasons as manager of Slough, finishing the 1996–97 season in 16th place and then the 1997–98 season in 8th place. In the summer of 1998 the consortium which had bought the club out of receivership seven years earlier decided that they were not prepared to pay for ground improvements required to remain in the Conference and therefore the club was demoted back to the Isthmian League, all but 4 of the club's players were sacked due to financial constraints, including manager Brian McDermott.After leaving Slough Town in the summer of 1998, McDermott took the managers job at Woking in September 1998, with his first match in charge ending in a draw versus Yeovil Town. However, due to a poor 1999–2000 season and with Woking struggling in 20th place in the table Brian McDermott was sacked by Woking on 29 February 2000.McDermott joined Alan Pardew's Reading as Chief Scout in September 2000, taking over from Maurice Evans. McDermott also became the under-19s and reserve team manager, before taking over as caretaker first team manager following the departure of Brendan Rodgers on 17 December 2009.McDermott's first game in charge was a 1–1 draw at Bristol City with Simon Church grabbing a 90th-minute equaliser for the Royals.On 2 January 2010 McDermott's Reading took on Premier League side Liverpool in the FA Cup third round, taking the lead through Simon Church before Steven Gerrard equalised for Liverpool. The game ended in a 1–1 draw, earning the Royals a replay at Anfield on 13 January, during which Reading came from 1–0 down to win 2–1 after extra time thanks to a penalty from Gylfi Sigurðsson in stoppage time after 90 minutes and a header in extra time from Shane Long. This was McDermott's first victory in charge of Reading and the first ever for the club at Anfield.The Royals went on to beat Premier League side Burnley 1–0 thanks to a late strike from Gylfi Sigurðsson to secure a place in the FA Cup fifth round.On 27 January 2010 McDermott signed a 12-month rolling contract to become Reading's full-time manager. After that he led the Royals on a four-match winning streak in the league and into the quarter-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in 83 years after a 3–2 win over West Bromwich Albion. McDermott was nominated for Manager of the Month for February and won it in March.McDermott oversaw another exciting FA Cup run in 2010–11, with victories over Premier League clubs West Brom and Everton before narrowly losing to eventual FA Cup winners Manchester City. In the Championship, the Royals recovered from a poor start to finish in 5th and secure a place in the Play-offs. After a goalless first leg at the Madejski Stadium, striker Shane Long scored twice in a 3–0 win at Cardiff to give Reading a trip to Wembley for the Play-off Final on 30 May 2011, where his team lost 4–2 to Swansea City, managed by his old colleague, Brendan Rodgers.The following season, on 17 April 2012, McDermott guided Reading to Premier League promotion with a 1–0 win against Nottingham Forest after a superb run of 15 wins in 17 games. On 14 May 2012, McDermott was named as the League Managers Association Championship Manager of the Year at the League Managers Association Awards.McDermott took charge of his first top flight match as Reading manager on 18 August 2012, drawing 1–1 at home to Stoke.On Tuesday 30 October 2012, Reading were involved in an extraordinary League Cup match against Arsenal at the Madejski Stadium. Reading were 4–0 up after 35 minutes, but lost the tie 7–5 after extra time. After the match McDermott said: "It was kamikaze football. It's the worst defeat of my career."McDermott led Reading to their first Premier League win of the 2012–13 season on 17 November 2012 at the eleventh attempt, defeating Everton 2–1 at home.On 6 February 2013, McDermott was named Premier League Manager of the Month for January after guiding his side to victories over West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle United as well as a hard-fought draw with then third place Chelsea.On 11 March 2013, despite his success in January, McDermott was sacked from his position at Reading by owner Anton Zingarevich after a run of four successive league defeats.Following the departure of Neil Warnock in April 2013, Brian McDermott took over as manager of Leeds United on 12 April 2013 on a 3-year contract, with assistant manager Nigel Gibbs joining him at the club.McDermott stated that he would have initially waited until Summer 2013 to resume his managerial career but due to the status and position of the club decided to take charge with 5 games left of the 2012–13 season. His first match in charge was against Sheffield Wednesday on 13 April 2013 which resulted in a 2–1 win for Leeds at Elland Road.By coincidence, the head coach of the high-profile local professional rugby league team, Leeds Rhinos was also called Brian McDermott.In the summer of 2013 McDermott updated the squad with £1 million midfielder Luke Murphy from Crewe Alexandra, and defender Scott Wootton from Manchester United. He further added to this by completing several free transfers including forwards Noel Hunt and Matt Smith in July, and Lithuanian international defender Marius Žaliūkas in late October. However, McDermott stuck with largely the same squad from the previous season. McDermott's side began the season slowly with a succession of draws and losses; however, a surge of form through October to December saw Leeds reach a high of 5th place in the table, consistently among the playoff places. A sharp loss of form quickly followed though, with a five match losing streak through late December and January, (including a surprise FA Cup loss to Rochdale and a 6–0 derby loss to Sheffield Wednesday) seeing Brian McDermott's side drop to 12th place.In January 2014 speculation grew that Leeds would be subject to takeover by Italian entrepreneur and Cagliari owner Massimo Cellino. A delegation representing Cellino was seen at Elland Road and the Thorp Arch training ground several times, and on 28 January it was reported that Cellino had asked for his associate and former Middlesbrough defender Gianluca Festa to sit in the dugout for Leeds' 1–1 draw with Ipswich.On 31 January it was reported that McDermott had been sacked as manager of the club, with Gianluca Festa speculated in the media to be his most likely replacement. The following day reports emerged suggesting Gulf Finance House club directors were attempting to reinstate McDermott as manager, saying the Cellino family (the club's prospective new owners) had no authority to dismiss him.On 1 February, McDermott's Elland Road assistant Nigel Gibbs was named as caretaker manager for the club's home derby against Huddersfield Town. Following the game, the club released an official statement saying McDermott had not been dismissed and remained first team manager.On 3 February, McDermott returned to the club and carried out first team training and a press conference announcing he had been reinstated after seemingly being sacked on 31 January by a lawyer. McDermott proclaimed his love for the club and said the fans support for him in the 5–1 win against Huddersfield Town meant that he wanted to return to the role despite the uncertainty. Speculation over his long-term future remained with the prospective takeover by Cellino still to be approved by the Football League.McDermott also revealed in his press conference that prospective new head coach Gianluca Festa had changed the starting line-up he had picked on 31 January for the fixture the following day against Huddersfield, only for the team to then be changed back again to the original starting line-up on Saturday by McDermott's assistant manager Nigel Gibbs. McDermott said that on 3 February Festa was still present in training, however, this time acting as a translator for new signing Andrea Tabanelli. Tabanelli was signed in the window between McDermott's 'sacking' and his reinstatement. McDermott revealed that the move was under scrutiny by the Football League as to see if the players signed would be sanctioned.On 7 February 2014, it was released that Tabanelli's transfer to Leeds had been cancelled as the signing "did not comply with Football League regulations" and he returned to Cagliari, the same day Leeds had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club subject to Football League approval.In February 2014, McDermott saw his first team boosted with the signings of Jack Butland and Connor Wickham, McDermott revealed that he had been in consultation with Cellino regarding the two high-profile signings.After Leeds finished the season in a disappointing 15th place, on 14 May, in an interview with ITV, president Cellino questioned McDermott's decision to take a holiday, even proclaiming the club "have no manager", and asked "who's managing this club? Brian, where's Brian?" On the same day it was revealed that the retain and release list of players would be handled by Cellino and Benito Carbone and not McDermott, the academy players decision would be made by Neil Redfearn. On 15 May, Leeds confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the Academy".On 30 May 2014, McDermott and Leeds United parted company with owner Cellino stating that he wanted a fresh approach, with a head coach rather than a manager. On 16 June, McDermott was succeeded as Leeds manager by Dave Hockaday who took up the role in a head coach capacity.On 6 October 2014, McDermott joined Premier League side Arsenal as chief scout until 17 December 2015 when he took the Reading manager's job. He returned to his role as Arsenal scout on leaving Reading in June 2016 and remained in the role until the club announced a round of redundancies in August 2020.On 17 December 2015, and after weeks of speculation, McDermott returned to his former club as their new manager. Six months later, on 27 May 2016, McDermott was sacked.McDermott was born to Irish parents. In an interview in 2012, he revealed he was a supporter of Sligo Rovers and that one of his goals was to manage the Republic of Ireland national side one day. Slough and Woking managerial record confirmed by "Rothmans Football Yearbook".Oxford UnitedExeter CityIndividualReadingIndividual | [
"Arsenal F.C.",
"Djurgårdens IF Fotboll",
"Cardiff City F.C.",
"Fulham F.C.",
"IFK Norrköping",
"Yeovil Town F.C.",
"Oxford United F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Huddersfield Town A.F.C."
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in Jul, 2020? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in 2020-07-29? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in 29/07/2020? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in Jul 29, 2020? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in 07/29/2020? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Věra Jourová belong to in 29-Jul-202029-July-2020? | July 29, 2020 | {
"text": [
"ANO 2011"
]
} | L2_Q12001809_P102_2 | Věra Jourová is a member of the ANO 2011 from Jan, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
Věra Jourová is a member of the Czech Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2006.
Věra Jourová is a member of the European Democratic Party from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Věra JourováVěra Jourová (; born 18 August 1964) is a Czech politician and lawyer who has been the Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency since 1 December 2019 and previously served as the European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality from 2014 to 2019. She served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2014 and as the Czech Minister for Regional Development in 2014.In 2019, "Time" magazine ranked Jourová in a list of 100 most influential people of the year, citing her role in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation and new privacy rights as European Commissioner.Jourová grew up in Třebíč, a small town in which her parents, a kindergarten teacher and caterer, ran a folk troupe. She studied cultural anthropology at Charles University in Prague, while raising two children. Upon graduation, she returned to work in Třebíč's local council.Jourová served as secretary and spokesperson of the Municipal Office of Třebíč, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic, from 1995 until 2000 and as Head of the Department of Regional Development for the Vysočina Region from 2001 to 2003. She entered national politics when she was tapped to work as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Regional Development, where she led the European Integration Section until March 2006. Her responsibilities included leading the Czech team that negotiated EU funds with the European Commission and European Investment Bank as well as managing EU funds in the Czech Republic.In October 2006, Jourová was accused of accepting a 2 million Kč bribe from Ladislav Péťa, mayor of Budišov, South Moravia, for securing EU subsidies to the reconstruction of the Budišov Chateau. Although she was fully exonerated, she spent more than a month in pre-trial detention, which "brought divorce and anguish to her family". Her prosecution was halted in mid-2008, when the police came forward and said that the bribery had never happened.Between 2006 and 2013, Jourová was an independent consultant providing advice on EU matters to the Czech Republic, Romania, Germany, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Moldova.Jourová has been a member of the ANO political party since 2012, and since 2013, she has been the movement's deputy chairwoman. She was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in October 2013, and became Minister for Regional Development in January 2014 in the government of Bohuslav Sobotka. Her popularity ratings remained consistently high, helping to drive the party to second place in the 2013 national elections and to victory in the 2014 European elections.In July 2014, the three parties in the Czech government agreed that the country's next European commissioner should be Jourová. At the time, there was speculation she would vie for the important posts of European Commissioner for Regional Policy or the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services.After an EU Parliament hearing she was confirmed as the European Union's Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality as a part of the Juncker Commission. The Corporate Europe Observatory "expressed serious doubts" about her possible conflicts of interest due to her ties with ANO Chairman Andrej Babiš, who is also the Czech Finance Minister and a billionaire businessman. Her party, ANO, belongs to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the European Parliament.Her responsibilities include gender equality, judicial cooperation within the EU, and privacy concerns, including concluding negotiations on a comprehensive EU-U.S. Safe Harbor Agreement and working with the Vice-President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip to pass "EU data protection reform and by modernis[e] and simplify[] consumer rules for online and digital purchases". In addition, her portfolio includes "overseeing remuneration rules across the City of London, enforcing EU pay curbs and bonus caps", something that was explicitly carved out of Jonathan Hill's portfolio as Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union "amid concerns that members of the European Parliament will try to veto his appointment". In 2018, Jourová was put in charge of drafting rules to assess the independence and functioning of a country's judicial system as a condition for receiving funds from the budget of the European Union.Jourová said that Germany acted "according to the rules" regarding Spain's extradition request for Catalan president Carles Puigdemont.Following the 2019 European elections, Babiš nominated Jourová for a second term in the European Commission.Jourová has voiced concerns regarding the rule of law in Poland.In April 2021, Jourová was included in a list of eight public officials that were banned by Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs from entering the country in retaliation for EU sanctions on Russians.Some MEPs have expressed concern over Jourova's affiliation to controversial billionaire-turned politician Andrej Babiš and his political movement ANO. | [
"Czech Social Democratic Party",
"European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in Aug, 1927? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in 1927-08-26? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in 26/08/1927? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in Aug 26, 1927? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in 08/26/1927? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Who was the head of Ravensburg in 26-Aug-192726-August-1927? | August 26, 1927 | {
"text": [
"Hans Mantz"
]
} | L2_Q6832_P6_5 | Karl Wäschle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1987.
Rudolf Walzer is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1945.
Franz von Zwerger is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1821 to Jan, 1856.
Daniel Rapp is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jun, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Hans Mantz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1932.
Ludwig Steimle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1946.
Karl Friedrich Zaisser is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1863.
Johann Jakob Motz is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1819 to Jan, 1820.
Andreas Reichle is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1921.
Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb is the head of the government of Ravensburg from Jan, 1804 to Jan, 1819. | RavensburgRavensburg is a city in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.The historic city centre is still very much intact, including three city gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.In 1803 the "Immerwährende Reichstag" passed the "Reichsdeputationshauptschluss", a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city centre was not damaged by air raids.By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the city in 1978.In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city centre.Ravensburg is a thriving shopping city in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a "Oberzentrum" (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song "".Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills, many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss "Sulzer AG") which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro"."Ravensburger AG", whose headquarters are located in the city, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.The pastry factory "" (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Griesson–de Beukelaer.Other large industrial companies include: The local newspaper is the "Schwäbische Zeitung".The radio companies "Radio 7" and "Südwestrundfunk" run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg.In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the "Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter" transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.The city's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.The city's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.Datteln is twinned with: | [
"Daniel Rapp",
"Franz von Zwerger",
"Joseph Emanuel von Ortlieb",
"Karl Wäschle",
"Ludwig Steimle",
"Karl Friedrich Zaisser",
"Rudolf Walzer",
"Johann Jakob Motz",
"Andreas Reichle"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in Nov, 1951? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in 1951-11-06? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in 06/11/1951? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in Nov 06, 1951? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in 11/06/1951? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones hold in 06-Nov-195106-November-1951? | November 06, 1951 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q332851_P39_2 | Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Mar, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Attorney General for England and Wales from Oct, 1964 to Jun, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1959 to Sep, 1964.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Lord Chancellor from Mar, 1974 to May, 1979.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1964 to Mar, 1966.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Mar, 1974 to Dec, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Shadow Lord Chancellor from Oct, 1983 to Jan, 1989.
Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955. | Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-JonesFrederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, CH, PC (24 October 1909 – 4 December 1989), known as Elwyn Jones, was a Welsh barrister and Labour politician.Elwyn Jones was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, and read History for a year at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He spent time in Germany in the 1930s.An acting bombardier in the Royal Artillery (Territorial Army), he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 23 December 1939. He ended his service as a major.He became a barrister and Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil. He was also a broadcaster and journalist. He served as junior British Counsel during the Nuremberg Trials, and led for the prosecution (Leading Prosecutor) at the Hamburg trial of Marshal Erich von Manstein in 1948.In 1966, he led the prosecution of the Moors murderers, Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.At the 1945 general election, he was elected as Labour Member of Parliament for Plaistow, east London. In 1950, he became MP for West Ham South, serving until 1974. In 1964, Elwyn Jones was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Attorney General (receiving the customary knighthood) by Harold Wilson, a post he held until 1970.In February 1974, he was once again elected to Parliament, now for Newham South, but left the House of Commons soon afterwards when he was made a life peer, as Baron Elwyn-Jones, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen and of Newham in Greater London. The resulting by-election allowed Nigel Spearing to re-enter Parliament as he had lost the Acton seat in the February election. He served as Lord Chancellor from 1974 to 1979, under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In 1976 he was made a Companion of Honour.In 1937, Elwyn Jones married Pearl "Polly" Binder, an artist from Manchester. The couple had three children: Josephine, Lou and Dan. Josephine became a researcher on Jacob Bronowski's TV series "The Ascent of Man" and married Francis Gladstone (a relative of Prime Minister William Gladstone). Dan is an artist, collector of children's playground songs and human rights campaigner.Elwyn Jones's brother, Idris (1900–1971), was captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1925, and was an industrial chemist who became Director General of Research Development for the National Coal Board.Lord Elwyn-Jones died in December 1989, aged 80. | [
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Lord Chancellor",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 43rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Shadow Lord Chancellor",
"Attorney General for England and Wales",
"Member of the 42nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in Nov, 2009? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in 2009-11-09? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in 09/11/2009? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in Nov 09, 2009? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in 11/09/2009? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea hold in 09-Nov-200909-November-2009? | November 09, 2009 | {
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
} | L2_Q334411_P39_8 | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1987 to Mar, 1992.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1966 to May, 1970.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1992 to Apr, 1997.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Jun, 2005 to Dec, 2022.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2015 to Nov, 2017.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987. | Donald Anderson, Baron Anderson of SwanseaDonald Anderson, Baron Anderson of Swansea (born 17 June 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician, who was one of the longest-serving Members of Parliament in recent years, his service totalling 34 years. Since 2005, he has served as a Labour peer in the House of Lords.Anderson was born in Swansea and educated at the local Brynmill Primary School and Swansea Grammar School before studying at Swansea University.He entered the House of Commons in 1966 for Monmouth until being defeated in 1970 by the Conservative John Stradling Thomas.From 1971 to 1974, he was a resident in Kensington and Chelsea and councillor in a neighbouring borough.He then re-entered the Commons in October 1974, as MP for Swansea East. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 2000, and retired from Parliament at the 2005 general election.In the 2005 Dissolution Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Anderson of Swansea, of Swansea in the County of West Glamorgan. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of West Glamorgan in January 2006. Anderson belongs to Labour Friends of Israel. | [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 44th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 50th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in Jun, 2012? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in 2012-06-01? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in 01/06/2012? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in Jun 01, 2012? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in 06/01/2012? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Eurelectric in 01-Jun-201201-June-2012? | June 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Fulvio Conti"
]
} | L2_Q1374388_P488_0 | Johannes Teyssen is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2013 to Jun, 2015.
Fulvio Conti is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2011 to Jun, 2013.
António Mexia is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2015 to Jun, 2017.
Francesco Starace is the chair of Eurelectric from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2022. | EurelectricEurelectric (full name: The Union of the Electricity Industry) is the sector association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at a European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. eurelectric covers all major issues affecting the sector, from generation and markets to distribution networks and customer issues. eurelectric was formally established in 1989. The goal at the time was to defend the status quo against European Community proposals to liberalize the power market. Eurelectric hosts an Annual Convention and Conference at which energy policy is debated.Eurelectric is led by a President and two Vice Presidents, who are elected to two-year terms, and a Board of Directors. The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat, which consists of several organizational units employing an international staff of approximately thirty people. There are five professional committees and approximately thirty working groups. eurelectric is a signatory to the EU Transparency Register. | [
"António Mexia",
"Johannes Teyssen",
"Francesco Starace"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in Sep, 1921? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in 1921-09-21? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in 21/09/1921? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in Sep 21, 1921? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in 09/21/1921? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Where was Charles Ehresmann educated in 21-Sep-192121-September-1921? | September 21, 1921 | {
"text": [
"Lycée Kléber"
]
} | L2_Q304712_P69_0 | Charles Ehresmann attended University of Göttingen from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1931.
Charles Ehresmann attended École normale supérieure (Paris) from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1927.
Charles Ehresmann attended Lycée Kléber from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1924.
Charles Ehresmann attended Princeton University from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1934. | Charles EhresmannCharles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jet bundles, and his seminar on category theory.Ehresmann was born in Strasbourg to a family which spoke the Alsatian language; his father was a gardener. He attended school in Strasbourg, then in 1924 went to university at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris. On graduating in 1927 he did one year of military service, and taught at a French school at Rabat in Morocco. He studied further at the University of Göttingen during the years 1930–31, and at Princeton University in 1932–34. He completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled "Sur la topologie de certains espaces homogènes" (On the topology of certain homogeneous spaces) at ENS in 1934 under the supervision of Élie Cartan, and became a researcher with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1935 to 1937 he contributed to the seminar of Gaston Julia, which was a forerunner of the Bourbaki seminar.Ehresmann was a lecturer at the French University of Strasbourg in 1939, when the German occupation of France irrupted and the whole faculty was evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand. When Germany withdrew in 1945, he returned to Strasbourg. From 1955 he was Professor of Topology in Paris. His post was initially at the Sorbonne, but after the reorganization of Parisian universities in 1969 he moved to Paris Diderot University (Paris 7). He also held visiting chairs at Yale University, Princeton University, in Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Bologna.He was President of the Société Mathématique de France in 1965. He retired in 1975. After retirement and until 1978 he gave lectures at the University of Picardy at Amiens, to which he moved because his second wife, Andrée Charles-Ehresmann, was a professor of mathematics there. He died at Amiens in 1979.Ehresmann first investigated the topology and homology of manifolds associated with classical Lie groups, such as Grassmann manifolds and other homogeneous spaces. He developed the concept of fiber bundle, building on work by Herbert Seifert and Hassler Whitney. Norman Steenrod was working in the same direction in the USA, but Ehresmann was particularly interested in differentiable (smooth) fiber bundles, and in differential-geometric aspects of these. He was a pioneer of differential topology. By 1957, having become a leading proponent of categorical methods, he founded the mathematical journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques".Jean Dieudonné described Ehresmann's personality as ""... distinguished by forthrightness, simplicity, and total absence of conceit or careerism. As a teacher he was outstanding, not so much for the brilliance of his lectures as for the inspiration and tireless guidance he generously gave to his research students ... ""He had 76 PhD students, including Georges Reeb, Wu Wenjun (吴文俊), André Haefliger, Valentin Poénaru, and Daniel Tanré. His first student was Jacques Feldbau.His publications include the books 1965 "Catégories et structures" (Dunod, Paris, 1965) and "Algèbre" (1969). His collected works, edited by his wife, appeared in seven volumes in 1980–1983 (four volumes published by Imprimerie Evrard, Amiens, and the rest in the journal "Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques" which he had founded). | [
"École normale supérieure (Paris)",
"University of Göttingen",
"Princeton University"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in Nov, 1846? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in 1846-11-11? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in 11/11/1846? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in Nov 11, 1846? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in 11/11/1846? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Which position did Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto hold in 11-Nov-184611-November-1846? | November 11, 1846 | {
"text": [
"Lord Privy Seal"
]
} | L2_Q2411787_P39_2 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia from Jan, 1832 to Jan, 1834.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of First Lord of the Admiralty from Sep, 1835 to Aug, 1841.
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto holds the position of Lord Privy Seal from Jul, 1846 to Feb, 1852. | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of MintoGilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto, (; 16 November 178231 July 1859), styled as Viscount Melgund between 1813 and 1814, was a British diplomat and Whig politician.Minto was the eldest son of the Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, and Anna Maria, daughter of Sir George Amyand, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge.Minto was returned to Parliament for Ashburton in Devon in 1806, a seat he held until 1807, and then represented Roxburghshire between 1812 and 1814. He took a dim view of the Prince Regent and his government. The latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was admitted to Privy Council in 1832.From 1832 to 1834 he was Minister to Prussia. In 1835 he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty under Lord Melbourne, a post he held until 1841, and later served as Lord Privy Seal under Lord John Russell from 1846 to 1852. In his youth, Elliot had gone to Corsica where his father was viceroy and he developed an abiding affection for Italy. He served as special envoy to Switzerland, Sardinia, Tuscany, Rome, Sicily in 1847–8. His influence in the Whig party was partly because his daughter, Lady Frances, was the wife of Lord John Russell.Lord Minto married Mary, daughter of Patrick Brydone, in 1806. They had at least five sons and five daughters. Lady Minto died in July 1853. Lord Minto survived her by six years and died in July 1859, aged 75. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. | [
"First Lord of the Admiralty",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to Prussia"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in Nov, 2014? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in 2014-11-15? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in 15/11/2014? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in Nov 15, 2014? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in 11/15/2014? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Who was the head of Mühldorf am Inn in 15-Nov-201415-November-2014? | November 15, 2014 | {
"text": [
"Marianne Zollner"
]
} | L2_Q502615_P6_3 | Josef Federer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1990.
Hans Gollwitzer is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1952 to Jan, 1966.
Günther Knoblauch is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 2013.
Marianne Zollner is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from Apr, 2014 to Apr, 2020.
Michael Hetzl is the head of the government of Mühldorf am Inn from May, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | MühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis, and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg.On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town.In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria.During World War II, it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex. Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from the "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn. Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives.Freed, John B. "Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343". (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) | [
"Michael Hetzl",
"Josef Federer",
"Günther Knoblauch",
"Hans Gollwitzer"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in Jan, 2019? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in 2019-01-06? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in 06/01/2019? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in Jan 06, 2019? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in 01/06/2019? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which team did Walid Azaro play for in 06-Jan-201906-January-2019? | January 06, 2019 | {
"text": [
"Al Ahly SC"
]
} | L2_Q27881478_P54_1 | Walid Azaro plays for Ettifaq FC from Oct, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Walid Azaro plays for Difaa El Jadida from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2017.
Walid Azaro plays for Al Ahly SC from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020. | Walid AzaroWalid Azaro (; born 11 June 1995) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Saudi club Al-Ettifaq and the Moroccan national team.After beginning his career in his home country, he joined Al Ahly in 2017 and finished as the Egyptian Premier League's top goalscorer in his first season. He made his international debut for Morocco in 2017.Azaro was born in Agadir and grew up in the suburb of Aït Melloul. He started his career with Adrar Souss in the third division of the Moroccan league. He joined Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2015, signing for them on a three-year contract. During the 2016–17 season, he finished as the club's top goalscorer with twelve league goals.In June 2017, Azaro turned down several offers from European clubs to join Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly on a four-year deal for a fee of $1.4 million, despite Moroccan national team manager Hervé Renard attempting to convince him to move to Europe. His transfer saw him become the first Moroccan to play for the club.In his first season with the club, Azaro scored 18 league goals to finish as the top goalscorer in the Egyptian Premier League and help Al-Ahly win their 40th league title. His tally saw him break the record for the most goals scored by a foreign player in the Egyptian Premier League, surpassing the previous record of 17 jointly held by Flávio Amado and John Utaka. He also surpassed Stanley Ohawuchi's record for the most goals scored in the Egyptian Premier League by a player in their first season. He also scored the only goal of the 2017 Egyptian Super Cup and scored a hat-trick against Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel in the semi-final of the 2017 CAF Champions League. His performances attracted attention from several clubs and Al Ahly rejected an offer from Saudi club Al-Nassr of William Jebor plus a cash sum.In October 2020, Azaro agreed to join Saudi club Al-Ettifaq on a permanent deal for two years, after being on loan since January.Azaro made his debut for Morocco on 24 March 2017 as a substitute during a 2–0 victory over Burkina Faso. He was named in Morocco's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup but was later omitted from the final squad.Al Ahly | [
"Difaa El Jadida",
"Ettifaq FC"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in Nov, 1971? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in 1971-11-23? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in 23/11/1971? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in Nov 23, 1971? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in 11/23/1971? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Donald Stewart hold in 23-Nov-197123-November-1971? | November 23, 1971 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q5295185_P39_0 | Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1974 to Apr, 1979.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 45th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1970 to Feb, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1983 to May, 1987.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1974 to Sep, 1974.
Donald Stewart holds the position of Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1979 to May, 1983. | Donald Stewart (Scottish politician)Donald James Stewart (17 October 1920 – 23 August 1992) was Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1987 for the Western Isles. He also served as President of the Scottish National Party (SNP) from 1982 to 1987. He was a councillor in Stornoway for many years and twice served as the town's provost.Stewart was born on 17 October 1920 in Stornoway, Western Isles, Scotland. He was educated at the Nicolson Institute. Stewart left school at 16 to work as a junior clerk in a local solicitor's office, before going on to work in the office of Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, a Stornoway Harris Tweed firm. He saw active service during the Second World War with the Royal Navy, serving on for the duration of the war. Following the war, he returned to Kenneth Mackenzie Ltd, eventually becoming a director. He remained with the firm until his election to Parliament in 1970.A lifelong socialist, Stewart became convinced of the case for Scottish independence at the 1935 United Kingdom general election, and joined the Scottish National Party the following year. He also joined the Labour Party in 1937, but became disillusioned with the party and left it in 1939. He first elected to Stornoway Town Council in 1951, and remained a councillor until his election to Parliament in 1970. He stood in the 1952 Dundee East by-election. Stewart was the provost of Stornoway from 1959 to 1965, and again from 1968 to 1970. At the 1970 general election he was the SNP's first ever MP returned at a general election, and the last declared result in 1970, which caused great attention in the media.Stewart was the SNP's sole Westminster representative from 1970 until he was joined by Margo MacDonald who won Glasgow Govan in the by-election of 1973. At the February 1974 General Election he was joined by six other SNP MPs, and at the October General Election of that year this number increased to eleven. Stewart became the SNP parliamentary group leader, with William Wolfe as the SNP leader overall. In 1977, Donald Stewart was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.In 1981 Stewart attempted to introduce some provisions for Gaelic through a private members bill, but it was met with hostility from the Conservatives and talked out by Bill Walker. It was only with the introduction of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 by the devolved Scottish Parliament, that the language was afforded some official recognition.In March 1985 Stewart announced he would retire from front-line politics at the next election, although continued to represent the Western Isles until 1987. At the General Election of that year his replacement as SNP candidate Ian Smith, then the party's spokesman on transport, was defeated by Calum MacDonald of the Labour Party. The SNP vote dropped by 26% and the constituency saw an SNP to Labour swing of 19.6% in what was included by election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as among the "exceptional results" seen in "individual constituencies" in that election.Labour held it until the 2005 general election when it was regained by the SNP's Angus Brendan MacNeil.Upon his retirement from Parliament, Stewart was offered a Life Peerage, but refused it. Stewart was working on an autobiography when he died in 1992. It was edited and completed by his sister, and published in 1994 as "A Scot in Westminster".It was Stewart who famously described the SNP as a "radical party, with a revolutionary aim".He married Christina MacAulay.In August 1992 he suffered a heart attack. He died a week later, aged 71, at Lewis hospital, Stornoway. | [
"Member of the 46th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 48th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 47th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 49th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in Nov, 1993? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in 1993-11-14? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in 14/11/1993? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in Nov 14, 1993? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in 11/14/1993? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Johns Hopkins University in 14-Nov-199314-November-1993? | November 14, 1993 | {
"text": [
"William C. Richardson"
]
} | L2_Q193727_P488_10 | Daniel Nathans is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1995 to Aug, 1996.
Ronald J. Daniels is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 2009 to Dec, 2022.
Detlev Bronk is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1949 to Aug, 1953.
Lowell Reed is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1953 to Jun, 1956.
Milton Stover Eisenhower is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1956 to Jun, 1967.
William Ralph Brody is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Aug, 1996 to Mar, 2008.
William C. Richardson is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jun, 1990 to Jun, 1995.
Frank Johnson Goodnow is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Oct, 1914 to Jun, 1929.
Joseph Sweetman Ames is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1929 to Jun, 1935.
Steven Muller is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1972 to Jun, 1990.
Isaiah Bowman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1935 to Dec, 1948.
Ira Remsen is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Sep, 1901 to Jan, 1913.
Lincoln Gordon is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Jul, 1967 to Mar, 1971.
Daniel Coit Gilman is the chair of Johns Hopkins University from Feb, 1876 to Aug, 1901. | Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Johns Hopkins is considered the first research university in the United States. Hopkin's $7 million bequest to establish the university was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. In 1900, Johns Hopkins became a founding member of the American Association of Universities. The university has since led all U.S. universities in annual research expenditures. Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, nursing school, and Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, Applied Physics Laboratory, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, School of Education, Carey Business School, and various other facilities. The university also has graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C.As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins' faculty and alumni. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member.On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $ million today adjusted for consumer price inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, this donation, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States, and endowment was then the largest in America. Until 2020, Hopkins was assumed to be a fervent abolitionist, until research done by the school into his United States Census records revealed he claimed to own at least five household slaves in the 1840 and 1850 decennial censuses.The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins comes from the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father, and that son became the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the master of ceremonies introduced him as "President of "John" Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in "Pitt"burgh."The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Building on the Humboldtian model of higher education, the German education model of Wilhelm von Humboldt, it became dedicated to research. It was especially Heidelberg University and its long academic research history on which the new institution tried to model itself. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge. The trustees worked alongside four notable university presidents – Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan. They each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University and he became the university's first president. Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California, Berkeley prior to this appointment. In preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities.Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known researchers including the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901.Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation.With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. Students came from all over the world to study at Johns Hopkins and returned to their sending country to serve their nation, including Dr Harry Chung (b. 1872) who served as a diplomat in the Manchu Dynasty and First Secretary to the United States. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training. In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased, "build men, not buildings." In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.In the early 20th century, the university outgrew its buildings and the trustees began to search for a new home. Developing Clifton for the university was too costly, and of the estate had to be sold to the city as public park. A solution was achieved by a team of prominent locals who acquired the estate in north Baltimore known as Homewood. On February 22, 1902, this land was formally transferred to the university. The flagship building, Gilman Hall, was completed in 1915. The School of Engineering relocated in Fall of 1914 and the School of Arts and Sciences followed in 1916. These decades saw the ceding of lands by the university for the public Wyman Park and Wyman Park Dell and the Baltimore Museum of Art, coalescing in the contemporary area of .Prior to becoming the main Johns Hopkins campus, the Homewood estate had initially been the gift of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a Maryland planter and signer of the Declaration of Independence, to his son Charles Carroll Jr. The original structure, the 1801 Homewood House, still stands and serves as an on-campus museum. The brick and marble Federal style of Homewood House became the architectural inspiration for much of the university campus versus the Collegiate Gothic style of other historic American universities.In 1909, the university was among the first to start adult continuing education programs and in 1916 it founded the US' first school of public health.Since the 1910s, Johns Hopkins University has famously been a "fertile cradle" to Arthur Lovejoy's history of ideas.Since 1942, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has served as a major governmental defense contractor. In tandem with on-campus research, Johns Hopkins has every year since 1979 had the highest federal research funding of any American university.Professional schools of international affairs and music were established in 1950 and 1977, respectively, when the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington D.C and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore were incorporated into the university.The early decades of the 21st century saw expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. Notably, a planned 88-acre expansion to the medical campus began in 2013. Completed construction on the Homewood campus has included a new biomedical engineering building in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering, a new library, a new biology wing, an extensive renovation of the flagship Gilman Hall, and the reconstruction of the main university entrance.These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of education and business. From 1999 until 2007, these disciplines had been joined together within the School of Professional Studies in Business and Education (SPSBE), itself a reshuffling of several earlier ventures. The 2007 split, combined with new funding and leadership initiatives, has led to the simultaneous emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Education and the Carey Business School.On November 18, 2018, it was announced that Michael Bloomberg would make a donation to his alma mater of $1.8 billion, marking the largest private donation in modern history to an institution of higher education and bringing Bloomberg's total contribution to the school in excess of $3.3 billion. Bloomberg's $1.8 billion gift allows the school to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.In January 2019, the university announced an agreement to purchase the Newseum, located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, in the heart of Washington, D.C., with plans to locate all of its D.C.-based graduate programs there. In an interview with The Atlantic, the president of Johns Hopkins stated that “the purchase is an opportunity to position the university, literally, to better contribute its expertise to national- and international-policy discussions.”In late 2019, the university's Coronavirus Research Center began tracking worldwide cases of the COVID-19 pandemic by compiling data from hundreds of sources around the world. This led to the university becoming one of the most cited sources for data about the pandemic.Hopkins was a prominent abolitionist who supported Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. After his death, reports said his conviction was a decisive factor in enrolling Hopkins' first African-American student, Kelly Miller, a graduate student in physics, astronomy and mathematics. As time passed, the university adopted a "separate but equal" stance more like other Baltimore institutions.The first black undergraduate entered the school in 1945 and graduate students followed in 1967. James Nabwangu, a British-trained Kenyan, was the first black graduate of the medical school. African-American instructor and laboratory supervisor Vivien Thomas was instrumental in developing and conducting the first successful blue baby operation in 1944. Despite such cases, racial diversity did not become commonplace at Johns Hopkins institutions until the 1960s and 1970s.Hopkins' most well-known battle for women's rights was the one led by daughters of trustees of the university; Mary E. Garrett, M. Carey Thomas, Mamie Gwinn, Elizabeth King, and Julia Rogers. They donated and raised the funds needed to open the medical school, and required Hopkins' officials to agree to their stipulation that women would be admitted. The nursing school opened in 1889 and accepted women and men as students. Other graduate schools were later opened to women by president Ira Remsen in 1907. Christine Ladd-Franklin was the first woman to earn a PhD at Hopkins, in mathematics in 1882. The trustees denied her the degree for decades and refused to change the policy about admitting women. In 1893, Florence Bascomb became the university's first female PhD. The decision to admit women at undergraduate level was not considered until the late 1960s and was eventually adopted in October 1969. As of 2009–2010, the undergraduate population was 47% female and 53% male. In 2020, the undergraduate population of Hopkins was 53% female.On September 5, 2013, cryptographer and Johns Hopkins university professor Matthew Green posted a blog entitled, "On the NSA", in which he contributed to the ongoing debate regarding the role of NIST and NSA in formulating U.S. cryptography standards. On September 9, 2013, Green received a take-down request for the "On the NSA" blog from interim Dean Andrew Douglas from the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. The request cited concerns that the blog had links to sensitive material. The blog linked to already published news articles from "The Guardian", "The New York Times" and ProPublica.org. Douglas subsequently issued a personal on-line apology to Green. The event raised concern over the future of academic freedom of speech within the cryptologic research community.The first campus was located on Howard Street. Eventually, they relocated to Homewood, in northern Baltimore, the estate of Charles Carroll, son of the oldest surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll's Homewood House is considered one of the finest examples of Federal residential architecture. The estate then came to the Wyman family, which participated in making it the park-like main campus of the schools of arts and sciences and engineering at the start of the 20th century. Most of its architecture was modeled after the Federal style of Homewood House. Homewood House is preserved as a museum. Most undergraduate programs are on this campus.Collectively known as Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) campus, the East Baltimore facility occupies several city blocks spreading from the Johns Hopkins Hospital trademark dome.The Washington, D.C. campus is on Massachusetts Avenue, towards the Southeastern end of Embassy Row.In 2019, Hopkins announced its purchase of the Newseum building on Pennsylvania Avenue, three blocks from the United States Capitol to house its D.C. programs and centers. Akin to the Washington, D.C. campus for the School of Arts & Sciences, the APL also is the primary campus for master's degrees in a variety of STEM fields.The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.JHU's bylaws specify a Board of Trustees of between 18 and 65 voting members. Trustees serve six-year terms subject to a two-term limit. The alumni select 12 trustees. Four recent alumni serve 4-year terms, one per year, typically from the graduating class. The bylaws prohibit students, faculty or administrative staff from serving on the Board, except the President as an ex-officio trustee. The Johns Hopkins Health System has a separate Board of Trustees, many of whom are doctors or health care executives.The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is "most selective" with low transfer-in and a high graduate co-existence. The cost of attendance per year is $60,820; however, the average need met is 99%. The university is one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU); it is also a member of the Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) and the Universities Research Association (URA).JHU's undergraduate education is ranked 9th among U.S. "national universities" by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2021. For medical research "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2020 for 2nd in the U.S. and the Bloomberg School of Public Health 1st. The School of Nursing was ranked 1st nationally for master's degrees. The "QS Top Universities" ranked Johns Hopkins University No. 5 in the world for medicine. , Hopkins ranked No. 1 nationally in receipt of federal research funds, and was the top recipient of NIH research grants in 2019, both in terms of dollar amount and number of grants. In 2020, the Johns Hopkins Hospital was ranked the No. 3 hospital in the United States by the "U.S. News & World Report" annual ranking of American hospitals.The School of Education is ranked No. 2 nationally by "U.S. News & World Report" for 2017. In 2015, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ranked 2nd in the world in Foreign Policy's "Top Master's Programs for Policy Career in International Relations" ranking.The university's undergraduate programs are most selective: in 2021, the Office of Admissions accepted about 4.9% of its 33,236 Regular Decision applicants. In 2019, 98% of admitted students graduated in the top tenth of their high school class with a mean unweighted academic GPA of 3.92. The inter-quartile range on the SAT composite score was 1480–1550. In 2013, 96.8% of freshmen returned after the first year and 88% of students graduated in 4 years. Over time, applications to Johns Hopkins University have risen steadily. As a result, the selectivity of Johns Hopkins University has also increased. Early Decision is an option at Johns Hopkins University for students who wish to demonstrate that the university is their first choice. These students, if admitted, are required to enroll. This application is due November 2. Most students, however, apply Regular Decision, which is a traditional non-binding round. These applications are due January 1 and students are notified in late March. In 2014, Johns Hopkins ended legacy preference in admissions.The Johns Hopkins University Library system houses more than 3.6 million volumes and includes ten main divisions across the university's campuses. The largest segment of this system is the Sheridan Libraries, encompassing the Milton S. Eisenhower Library (the main library of the Homewood campus), the Brody Learning Commons, the Hutzler Reading Room ("The Hut") in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen House, and the George Peabody Library at the Peabody Institute campus.The main library, constructed in the 1960s, was named for Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of the university and brother of former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower. The university's stacks had previously been housed in Gilman Hall and departmental libraries. Only two of the Eisenhower library's six stories are above ground, though the building was designed so that every level receives natural light. The design accords with campus lore that no structure can be taller than Gilman Hall, the flagship academic building. A four-story expansion to the library, known as the Brody Learning Commons, opened in August 2012. The expansion features an energy-efficient, state-of-the-art technology infrastructure and includes study spaces, seminar rooms, and a rare books collection.The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world. The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.Johns Hopkins offers a number of degrees in various undergraduate majors leading to the BA and BS and various majors leading to the MA, MS and Ph.D. for graduate students. Because Hopkins offers both undergraduate and graduate areas of study, many disciplines have multiple degrees available. Biomedical engineering, perhaps one of Hopkins' best-known programs, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.The opportunity to participate in important research is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Hopkins' undergraduate education. About 80 percent of undergraduates perform independent research, often alongside top researchers. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research—more than any other U.S. university for the 38th consecutive year. Johns Hopkins has had seventy-seven members of the Institute of Medicine, forty-three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, seventeen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty-two members of the National Academy of Sciences. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members or researchers, with the most recent winners being Gregg Semenza and William G. Kaelin.Between 1999 and 2009, Johns Hopkins was among the most cited institutions in the world. It attracted nearly 1,222,166 citations and produced 54,022 papers under its name, ranking No. 3 globally (after Harvard University and the Max Planck Society) in the number of "total" citations published in Thomson Reuters-indexed journals over 22 fields in America.In FY 2000, Johns Hopkins received $95.4 million in research grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), making it the leading recipient of NASA research and development funding. In FY 2002, Hopkins became the first university to cross the $1 billion threshold on either list, recording $1.14 billion in total research and $1.023 billion in federally sponsored research. In FY 2008, Johns Hopkins University performed $1.68 billion in science, medical and engineering research, making it the leading U.S. academic institution in total R&D spending for the 30th year in a row, according to a National Science Foundation (NSF) ranking. These totals include grants and expenditures of JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.In 2013, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships program was established by a $250 million gift from Michael Bloomberg. This program enables the university to recruit fifty researchers from around the world to joint appointments throughout the nine divisions and research centers. Each professor must be a leader in interdisciplinary research and be active in undergraduate education. Directed by Vice Provost for Research Denis Wirtz, there are currently thirty two Bloomberg Distinguished Professors at the university, including three Nobel Laureates, eight fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ten members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and thirteen members of the National Academies.Charles Village, the region of North Baltimore surrounding the university, has undergone several restoration projects, and the university has gradually bought the property around the school for additional student housing and dormitories. "The Charles Village Project", completed in 2008, brought new commercial spaces to the neighborhood. The project included Charles Commons, a new, modern residence hall that includes popular retail franchises. In 2015, the University began development of new commercial properties, including a modern upperclassmen apartment complex, restaurants and eateries, and a CVS retail store.Hopkins invested in improving campus life with an arts complex in 2001, the Mattin Center, and a three-story sports facility, the O'Connor Recreation Center. The large on-campus dining facilities at Homewood were renovated in the summer of 2006.Quality of life is enriched by the proximity of neighboring academic institutions, including Loyola College, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), UMBC, Goucher College, and Towson University, as well as the nearby neighborhoods of Hampden, the Inner Harbor, Fells Point, and Mount Vernon.Greek life came to Hopkins in 1876 with the charter of fraternity Beta Theta Pi, which still exists on campus today. Since, Johns Hopkins has become home to nine sororities and 11 fraternities. Of the nine sororities, five belong to the National Panhellenic Conference and four to the Multicultural Greek Council Sororities. Of the fraternities, all 11 belong to the Inter-Fraternity Council. Over 1,000 students participate in Greek life, with 23% of women and 20% of men taking part. Greek life has expanded its reach at Hopkins in recent decades, as only 15% of the student body participated in 1989. Rush for all students occurs in the spring. Most fraternities keep houses in Charles Village while sororities do not.Johns Hopkins Greek life has been largely representative of its increasing diversity with the installment of Alpha Phi Alpha, a historically black fraternity, in 1991 and Lambda Phi Epsilon, an Asian-interest fraternity in 1994 among others.Spring Fair has been a Johns Hopkins tradition since 1972 and has since grown to be the largest student-run festival in the country. Popular among Hopkins students and Baltimore inhabitants alike, Spring Fair features carnival rides, vendors, food and a beer garden. Since its beginning, Spring Fair has decreased in size, both in regard to attendance and utilization of space. While one point, the Fair attracted upwards of 100,000 people, it became unruly and, for a variety of reasons including safety concerns and a campus beautification project in the early 2000s, had to be scaled back.While it has been speculated that Johns Hopkins has relatively few traditions for a school of its age and that many past traditions have been forgotten, a handful of myths and customs are ubiquitous knowledge among the community. One such long-standing myth surrounds the university seal that is embedded into the floor of the Gilman Hall foyer. The myth holds that any current student to step on the seal will never graduate. In reverence for this tradition, the seal has been fenced off from the rest of the room.An annual event is the "Lighting of the Quad", a ceremony each winter during which the campus is lit up in holiday lights. Recent years have included singing and fireworks.Living on campus is typically required for first- and second-year undergraduates. Freshman housing is centered around Freshman Quad, which consists of three residence hall complexes: The two Alumni Memorial Residences (AMR I and AMR II) plus Buildings A and B. The AMR dormitories are each divided into "houses", subunits named for figures from the university's early history. Freshmen are also housed in Wolman Hall and in certain wings of McCoy Hall, both located slightly outside the campus. Dorms at Hopkins are generally co-ed with same-gender rooms, though a new policy has allowed students to live in mixed-gender rooms since Fall 2014.Students determine where they will live during sophomore year through a housing lottery. Most juniors and seniors move into nearby apartments or row-houses. Non-freshmen in university housing occupy one of four buildings: McCoy Hall, the Bradford Apartments, the Homewood Apartments, and Charles Commons. All are located in Charles Village within a block from the Homewood campus. Forty-five percent of the student body lives off-campus while 55% lives on campus.Athletic teams are called Blue Jays. Even though sable and gold are used for academic robes, the university's athletic colors are Columbia blue (PMS 284) and black. Hopkins celebrates Homecoming in the spring to coincide with the height of the lacrosse season. The men's and women's lacrosse teams are in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are affiliate members of the Big Ten Conference. Other teams are in Division III and participate in the Centennial Conference. JHU is also home to the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame, maintained by US Lacrosse.The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the "Charles Street Massacre"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.On June 3, 2013, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for men's lacrosse when that league begins sponsoring the sport in the 2015 season (2014–15 school year).The women's team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and a former member of the American Lacrosse Conference (ALC). The Lady Blue Jays were ranked number 18 in the 2015 Inside Lacrosse Women's DI Media Poll. They ranked number 8 in the 2007 Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWLCA) Poll Division I. The team finished the 2012 season with a 9–9 record and finished the 2013 season with a 10–7 record. They finished the 2014 season 15–5. On June 17, 2015, it was announced that the Blue Jays would join the Big Ten Conference for women's lacrosse in the 2017 season (2016–17 school year).Hopkins has notable Division III Athletic teams. JHU Men's Swimming won three consecutive NCAA Championships in 1977, 1978, and 1979. In 2009–2010, Hopkins won 8 Centennial Conference titles in Women's Cross Country, Women's Track & Field, Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Football, and Men's and Women's Tennis. The Women's Cross Country team became the first women's team at Hopkins to achieve a #1 National ranking. In 2006–2007 teams won Centennial Conference titles in Baseball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Tennis and Men's Basketball. Women's soccer won their Centennial Conference title for 7 consecutive years from 2005 to 2011. In the 2013–2014 school year, Hopkins earned 12 Centennial Conference titles, most notably from the cross country and track & field teams, which accounted for six.Hopkins has an acclaimed fencing team, which ranked in the top three Division III teams in the past few years and in both 2008 and 2007 defeated the University of North Carolina, a Division I team. In 2008, they defeated UNC and won the MACFA championship.The swimming team ranked highly in NCAA Division III for the last 10 years, most recently placing second at DIII Nationals in 2008. The water polo team was number one in Division III for several of the past years, playing a full schedule against Division I opponents. Hopkins also has a century-old rivalry with McDaniel College (formerly Western Maryland College), playing the Green Terrors 83 times in football since the first game in 1894. In 2009 the football team reached the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III tournament, with three tournament appearances since 2005. In 2008, the baseball team ranked second, losing in the final game of the DIII College World Series to Trinity College.The Johns Hopkins squash team plays in the College Squash Association as a club team along with Division I and III varsity programs. In 2011–12 the squash team finished 30th in the ranking., there have been 39 Nobel Laureates who either attended the university as undergraduate or graduate students, or were faculty members. Woodrow Wilson, who received his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was Hopkins' first affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Twenty-three laureates were faculty members, five earned PhDs, eight earned M.D.s, and Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell earned undergraduate degrees.As of October 2019, eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Four Johns Hopkins laureates won Nobel Prizes in Physics, including Riccardo Giacconi in 2002 and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Adam Riess in 2011. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Peter Agre was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Carol Greider was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase.Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johns Hopkins University and the Rockefeller Foundation are currently the subject of a $1 billion lawsuit from Guatemala for "roles in a 1940s U.S. government experiment that infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis. A previous suit against the United States government was dismissed in 2011 for the Guatemala syphilis experiments when a judge determined that the U.S. government could not be held liable for actions committed outside of the U.S. | [
"Ira Remsen",
"Joseph Sweetman Ames",
"Ronald J. Daniels",
"Milton Stover Eisenhower",
"Daniel Nathans",
"Isaiah Bowman",
"Daniel Coit Gilman",
"Lowell Reed",
"Steven Muller",
"Lincoln Gordon",
"Detlev Bronk",
"Frank Johnson Goodnow",
"William Ralph Brody"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in Jan, 1990? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in 1990-01-01? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in 01/01/1990? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in Jan 01, 1990? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in 01/01/1990? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy Geller work for in 01-Jan-199001-January-1990? | January 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center",
"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"
]
} | L2_Q42204155_P108_4 | Nancy Geller works for The Wharton School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1978.
Nancy Geller works for Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1978 to Jan, 1979.
Nancy Geller works for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1990.
Nancy Geller works for University of Rochester from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972. | Nancy GellerMarilyn Nancy Lorch Geller (born 1944) is an American biostatistician, the director of biostatistics research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and a former president of the American Statistical Association.Geller studied mathematics at the City College of New York, graduating in 1965. She then went to Case Western Reserve University for graduate study in mathematics, earning a master's degree in 1967 and completing her doctorate in 1972. Although she had enjoyed probability theory as an undergraduate, and entered graduate school intending to study the same subject, she ended up doing her graduate work in statistics.Her dissertation, supervised by Lajos Takács, was "On distribution of Some Kolmogrov-Smirnov Type Statistics".Geller took faculty positions in statistics at the University of Rochester from 1970 to 1972 and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1978. Uninterested in economics, she moved again to do biostatistics at the Medical College of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1979 and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1979 to 1990, when she took her position at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.She served as president of the American Statistical Association for 2011.Geller became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1993.She is the 2009 winner of the Janet L. Norwood Award For Outstanding Achievement By A Woman In The Statistical Sciences. | [
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester",
"The Wharton School",
"Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania",
"University of Rochester"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in Sep, 2017? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in 2017-09-22? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in 22/09/2017? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in Sep 22, 2017? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in 09/22/2017? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Stade in 22-Sep-201722-September-2017? | September 22, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Silvia Nieber"
]
} | L2_Q6949_P6_5 | Carl Nörtemann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1938 to Jan, 1943.
Silvia Nieber is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2011 to Sep, 2019.
Gerhard Reichhardt is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1969.
Andreas Rieckhof is the head of the government of Stade from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2011.
Horst Eylmann is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1986.
Heinz Dabelow is the head of the government of Stade from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1981. | StadeStade (), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (, ) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district () which bears its name. It is located roughly to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council () of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II. In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges () to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the "burgenses and optimi cives" of Stade. Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johan Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the "Duchy of Bremen". The duchy and the neighboured "Principality of Verden", colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the "Treaty of Westphalia" as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.In 1712 Denmark conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.On 26 May 1659 a huge fire destroyed 60% of the city.In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they hadn't employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the "Stade Region" (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928). However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the and the .Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.Firms with notable locations in the area include:Stade is twinned with: | [
"Carl Nörtemann",
"Andreas Rieckhof",
"Horst Eylmann",
"Heinz Dabelow",
"Gerhard Reichhardt"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in May, 2008? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in 2008-05-02? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in 02/05/2008? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in May 02, 2008? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in 05/02/2008? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which team did Maciej Korzym play for in 02-May-200802-May-2008? | May 02, 2008 | {
"text": [
"Poland national under-21 football team",
"Odra Wodzisław",
"Legia Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q6723940_P54_0 | Maciej Korzym plays for Odra Wodzisław from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Maciej Korzym plays for Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015.
Maciej Korzym plays for Poland national under-21 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for GKS Bełchatów from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Maciej Korzym plays for Korona Kielce from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Maciej Korzym plays for Górnik Zabrze from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016.
Maciej Korzym plays for Legia Warsaw from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2010. | Maciej KorzymMaciej Korzym (born 2 May 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays as a forward, most recently for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.He also played for the Poland national under-21 football team. | [
"GKS Bełchatów",
"Górnik Zabrze",
"Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała",
"Korona Kielce"
] |
|
Which position did Trygve Bratteli hold in Nov, 1978? | November 15, 1978 | {
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"President of the Nordic Council"
]
} | L2_Q326587_P39_6 | Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Transport and Communications from Sep, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from Oct, 1973 to Jan, 1976.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Nov, 1951 to Jan, 1955.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 1977 to Sep, 1981.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party secretary from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1945.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1975.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of President of the Nordic Council from Jan, 1978 to Dec, 1978. | Trygve BratteliBratteli was born on the island of Nøtterøy at Færder in Vestfold, Norway. His parents were Terje Hansen Bratteli (1879–1967) and Martha Barmen (1881–1937). He attended school locally, having many jobs including: work in fishing, as a coal miner and on a building site. Over a 9- to 10-month period, Bratteli travelled with whalers to Antarctica, where he worked in a guano factory at South Georgia Island. He was a student at the socialist school at Malmøya in 1933. Oscar Torp, chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party, asked him to become editor of "Folkets Frihet" in Kirkenes and later editor of "Arbeiderungdommen" which was published by the Socialist Youth League of Norway. For a period during 1940, he also served as Secretary of the Norwegian Labour Party.Following the Nazi invasion of Norway, the daily newspaper "Arbeiderbladet" was closed down during 1940 by Nazi officials. Bratteli subsequently participated in the Norwegian resistance movement. He was arrested by agents of Nazi Germany in 1942, and was a Nacht und Nebel prisoner of various German concentration camps; including Natzweiler-Struthof, from 1943 to 1945. He was liberated from Vaihingen an der Enz concentration camp on 5 April 1945, by the Swedish Red Cross White Buses along with fifteen other Norwegians who had survived.After the liberation of Norway in 1945, Bratteli was appointed as Secretary of the Labour Party. He became chairman of the Workers' Youth League, vice chairman of the party, served on the newly formed "defence commission", and in 1965; was made Chairman of the Labour Party. Bratteli was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1950, and was re-elected on seven occasions.He was appointed as Minister of Finance in Oscar Torp's cabinet, and from 1956-60 in the third cabinet of Einar Gerhardsen. From 1960 to 1963, during Gerhardsen's third period as Prime Minister, he was Minister of Transport and Communications. He was also acting Minister of Finance from January-February 1962. In September 1963, when Gerhardsen's fourth cabinet was formed, Bratteli was again made Minister of Transport and Communications, a post he held until 1964.The centre-right cabinet of Borten held office from 1965 to 1971, but when it collapsed, Bratteli became Prime Minister. In social policy, Bratteli's premiership saw the passage of a law in June 1972 that lowered the pension age to 67. Central to his political career was the question of Norway's membership of the European Community. Following the close rejection of membership in the 1972 referendum, his cabinet resigned. However, the successor cabinet Korvald only lasted one year, and the second cabinet Bratteli was formed following the 1973 Norwegian parliamentary election. Bratteli resigned as prime minister in January 1976 on the grounds of ill health. He was succeeded by fellow Labour member Odvar Nordli. Trygve Bratteli was married to Randi Helene Larssen (1924–2002). They had three children: two daughters, Tone and Marianne and one son, professor Ola Bratteli (1946–2015). Bratteli's memoirs of his experiences in Nazi concentration camps was published in 1980. He died in 1984 and was buried at Vestre gravlund in Oslo.Trygve Bratteli was a member of Friends of Israel within the Norwegian Labour Movement ("Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse") which planted a forest to his memory in Israel. | [
"party leader",
"party secretary",
"Minister of Transport and Communications",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Prime Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Trygve Bratteli hold in 1978-11-15? | November 15, 1978 | {
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"President of the Nordic Council"
]
} | L2_Q326587_P39_6 | Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Transport and Communications from Sep, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from Oct, 1973 to Jan, 1976.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Nov, 1951 to Jan, 1955.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 1977 to Sep, 1981.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party secretary from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1945.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1975.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of President of the Nordic Council from Jan, 1978 to Dec, 1978. | Trygve BratteliBratteli was born on the island of Nøtterøy at Færder in Vestfold, Norway. His parents were Terje Hansen Bratteli (1879–1967) and Martha Barmen (1881–1937). He attended school locally, having many jobs including: work in fishing, as a coal miner and on a building site. Over a 9- to 10-month period, Bratteli travelled with whalers to Antarctica, where he worked in a guano factory at South Georgia Island. He was a student at the socialist school at Malmøya in 1933. Oscar Torp, chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party, asked him to become editor of "Folkets Frihet" in Kirkenes and later editor of "Arbeiderungdommen" which was published by the Socialist Youth League of Norway. For a period during 1940, he also served as Secretary of the Norwegian Labour Party.Following the Nazi invasion of Norway, the daily newspaper "Arbeiderbladet" was closed down during 1940 by Nazi officials. Bratteli subsequently participated in the Norwegian resistance movement. He was arrested by agents of Nazi Germany in 1942, and was a Nacht und Nebel prisoner of various German concentration camps; including Natzweiler-Struthof, from 1943 to 1945. He was liberated from Vaihingen an der Enz concentration camp on 5 April 1945, by the Swedish Red Cross White Buses along with fifteen other Norwegians who had survived.After the liberation of Norway in 1945, Bratteli was appointed as Secretary of the Labour Party. He became chairman of the Workers' Youth League, vice chairman of the party, served on the newly formed "defence commission", and in 1965; was made Chairman of the Labour Party. Bratteli was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1950, and was re-elected on seven occasions.He was appointed as Minister of Finance in Oscar Torp's cabinet, and from 1956-60 in the third cabinet of Einar Gerhardsen. From 1960 to 1963, during Gerhardsen's third period as Prime Minister, he was Minister of Transport and Communications. He was also acting Minister of Finance from January-February 1962. In September 1963, when Gerhardsen's fourth cabinet was formed, Bratteli was again made Minister of Transport and Communications, a post he held until 1964.The centre-right cabinet of Borten held office from 1965 to 1971, but when it collapsed, Bratteli became Prime Minister. In social policy, Bratteli's premiership saw the passage of a law in June 1972 that lowered the pension age to 67. Central to his political career was the question of Norway's membership of the European Community. Following the close rejection of membership in the 1972 referendum, his cabinet resigned. However, the successor cabinet Korvald only lasted one year, and the second cabinet Bratteli was formed following the 1973 Norwegian parliamentary election. Bratteli resigned as prime minister in January 1976 on the grounds of ill health. He was succeeded by fellow Labour member Odvar Nordli. Trygve Bratteli was married to Randi Helene Larssen (1924–2002). They had three children: two daughters, Tone and Marianne and one son, professor Ola Bratteli (1946–2015). Bratteli's memoirs of his experiences in Nazi concentration camps was published in 1980. He died in 1984 and was buried at Vestre gravlund in Oslo.Trygve Bratteli was a member of Friends of Israel within the Norwegian Labour Movement ("Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse") which planted a forest to his memory in Israel. | [
"party leader",
"party secretary",
"Minister of Transport and Communications",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Prime Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Trygve Bratteli hold in 15/11/1978? | November 15, 1978 | {
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"President of the Nordic Council"
]
} | L2_Q326587_P39_6 | Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Transport and Communications from Sep, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from Oct, 1973 to Jan, 1976.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Nov, 1951 to Jan, 1955.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 1977 to Sep, 1981.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party secretary from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1945.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1975.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of President of the Nordic Council from Jan, 1978 to Dec, 1978. | Trygve BratteliBratteli was born on the island of Nøtterøy at Færder in Vestfold, Norway. His parents were Terje Hansen Bratteli (1879–1967) and Martha Barmen (1881–1937). He attended school locally, having many jobs including: work in fishing, as a coal miner and on a building site. Over a 9- to 10-month period, Bratteli travelled with whalers to Antarctica, where he worked in a guano factory at South Georgia Island. He was a student at the socialist school at Malmøya in 1933. Oscar Torp, chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party, asked him to become editor of "Folkets Frihet" in Kirkenes and later editor of "Arbeiderungdommen" which was published by the Socialist Youth League of Norway. For a period during 1940, he also served as Secretary of the Norwegian Labour Party.Following the Nazi invasion of Norway, the daily newspaper "Arbeiderbladet" was closed down during 1940 by Nazi officials. Bratteli subsequently participated in the Norwegian resistance movement. He was arrested by agents of Nazi Germany in 1942, and was a Nacht und Nebel prisoner of various German concentration camps; including Natzweiler-Struthof, from 1943 to 1945. He was liberated from Vaihingen an der Enz concentration camp on 5 April 1945, by the Swedish Red Cross White Buses along with fifteen other Norwegians who had survived.After the liberation of Norway in 1945, Bratteli was appointed as Secretary of the Labour Party. He became chairman of the Workers' Youth League, vice chairman of the party, served on the newly formed "defence commission", and in 1965; was made Chairman of the Labour Party. Bratteli was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1950, and was re-elected on seven occasions.He was appointed as Minister of Finance in Oscar Torp's cabinet, and from 1956-60 in the third cabinet of Einar Gerhardsen. From 1960 to 1963, during Gerhardsen's third period as Prime Minister, he was Minister of Transport and Communications. He was also acting Minister of Finance from January-February 1962. In September 1963, when Gerhardsen's fourth cabinet was formed, Bratteli was again made Minister of Transport and Communications, a post he held until 1964.The centre-right cabinet of Borten held office from 1965 to 1971, but when it collapsed, Bratteli became Prime Minister. In social policy, Bratteli's premiership saw the passage of a law in June 1972 that lowered the pension age to 67. Central to his political career was the question of Norway's membership of the European Community. Following the close rejection of membership in the 1972 referendum, his cabinet resigned. However, the successor cabinet Korvald only lasted one year, and the second cabinet Bratteli was formed following the 1973 Norwegian parliamentary election. Bratteli resigned as prime minister in January 1976 on the grounds of ill health. He was succeeded by fellow Labour member Odvar Nordli. Trygve Bratteli was married to Randi Helene Larssen (1924–2002). They had three children: two daughters, Tone and Marianne and one son, professor Ola Bratteli (1946–2015). Bratteli's memoirs of his experiences in Nazi concentration camps was published in 1980. He died in 1984 and was buried at Vestre gravlund in Oslo.Trygve Bratteli was a member of Friends of Israel within the Norwegian Labour Movement ("Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse") which planted a forest to his memory in Israel. | [
"party leader",
"party secretary",
"Minister of Transport and Communications",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Prime Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Trygve Bratteli hold in Nov 15, 1978? | November 15, 1978 | {
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"President of the Nordic Council"
]
} | L2_Q326587_P39_6 | Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Transport and Communications from Sep, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from Oct, 1973 to Jan, 1976.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Nov, 1951 to Jan, 1955.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 1977 to Sep, 1981.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party secretary from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1945.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1975.
Trygve Bratteli holds the position of President of the Nordic Council from Jan, 1978 to Dec, 1978. | Trygve BratteliBratteli was born on the island of Nøtterøy at Færder in Vestfold, Norway. His parents were Terje Hansen Bratteli (1879–1967) and Martha Barmen (1881–1937). He attended school locally, having many jobs including: work in fishing, as a coal miner and on a building site. Over a 9- to 10-month period, Bratteli travelled with whalers to Antarctica, where he worked in a guano factory at South Georgia Island. He was a student at the socialist school at Malmøya in 1933. Oscar Torp, chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party, asked him to become editor of "Folkets Frihet" in Kirkenes and later editor of "Arbeiderungdommen" which was published by the Socialist Youth League of Norway. For a period during 1940, he also served as Secretary of the Norwegian Labour Party.Following the Nazi invasion of Norway, the daily newspaper "Arbeiderbladet" was closed down during 1940 by Nazi officials. Bratteli subsequently participated in the Norwegian resistance movement. He was arrested by agents of Nazi Germany in 1942, and was a Nacht und Nebel prisoner of various German concentration camps; including Natzweiler-Struthof, from 1943 to 1945. He was liberated from Vaihingen an der Enz concentration camp on 5 April 1945, by the Swedish Red Cross White Buses along with fifteen other Norwegians who had survived.After the liberation of Norway in 1945, Bratteli was appointed as Secretary of the Labour Party. He became chairman of the Workers' Youth League, vice chairman of the party, served on the newly formed "defence commission", and in 1965; was made Chairman of the Labour Party. Bratteli was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1950, and was re-elected on seven occasions.He was appointed as Minister of Finance in Oscar Torp's cabinet, and from 1956-60 in the third cabinet of Einar Gerhardsen. From 1960 to 1963, during Gerhardsen's third period as Prime Minister, he was Minister of Transport and Communications. He was also acting Minister of Finance from January-February 1962. In September 1963, when Gerhardsen's fourth cabinet was formed, Bratteli was again made Minister of Transport and Communications, a post he held until 1964.The centre-right cabinet of Borten held office from 1965 to 1971, but when it collapsed, Bratteli became Prime Minister. In social policy, Bratteli's premiership saw the passage of a law in June 1972 that lowered the pension age to 67. Central to his political career was the question of Norway's membership of the European Community. Following the close rejection of membership in the 1972 referendum, his cabinet resigned. However, the successor cabinet Korvald only lasted one year, and the second cabinet Bratteli was formed following the 1973 Norwegian parliamentary election. Bratteli resigned as prime minister in January 1976 on the grounds of ill health. He was succeeded by fellow Labour member Odvar Nordli. Trygve Bratteli was married to Randi Helene Larssen (1924–2002). They had three children: two daughters, Tone and Marianne and one son, professor Ola Bratteli (1946–2015). Bratteli's memoirs of his experiences in Nazi concentration camps was published in 1980. He died in 1984 and was buried at Vestre gravlund in Oslo.Trygve Bratteli was a member of Friends of Israel within the Norwegian Labour Movement ("Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse") which planted a forest to his memory in Israel. | [
"party leader",
"party secretary",
"Minister of Transport and Communications",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"Prime Minister of Norway"
] |
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