Datasets:
community-datasets
/
wiki_snippets

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
4
_id
stringlengths
77
96
datasets_id
int32
0
1.38M
wiki_id
stringlengths
2
9
start_paragraph
int32
2
1.17k
start_character
int32
0
70.3k
end_paragraph
int32
4
1.18k
end_character
int32
1
70.3k
article_title
stringlengths
1
250
section_title
stringlengths
0
1.12k
passage_text
stringlengths
1
14k
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 18, "sc": 564, "ep": 18, "ec": 885}
161,011
Q7831677
18
564
18
885
Tracy A. Henke
Lobbying
of the budget, appropriations, and program execution process." One of Henke's lobbying clients is the Rockefeller Family Fund, for whom she lobbied in 2009 for passage of the CLEAR Act, a cap and dividend variation of President Barack Obama's proposed cap and trade legislation to limit greenhouse gas emissions.
{"datasets_id": 161012, "wiki_id": "Q714910", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 641}
161,012
Q714910
2
0
6
641
Traditional grammar
History
Traditional grammar History Among the earliest studies of grammar are descriptions of Sanskrit, called vyākaraṇa. The Indian grammarian Pāṇini wrote the Aṣṭādhyāyī, a descriptive grammar of Sanskrit, sometime between the 4th and the 2nd century BCE. This work, along with some grammars of Sanskrit produced around the same time, is often considered the beginning of linguistics as a descriptive science, and consequently wouldn't be considered "traditional grammar" despite its aniquity. Although Pāṇini's work was not known in Europe until many centuries later, it is thought to have greatly influenced other grammars produced in Asia, such as the Tolkāppiyam, a Tamil
{"datasets_id": 161012, "wiki_id": "Q714910", "sp": 6, "sc": 641, "ep": 6, "ec": 1316}
161,012
Q714910
6
641
6
1,316
Traditional grammar
History
grammar generally dated between the 2nd and 1st century BCE. The formal study of grammar became popular in Europe during the Renaissance. Descriptive grammars were rarely used in Classical Greece or in Latin through the Medieval period. During the Renaissance, Latin and Classical Greek were broadly studied along with the literature and philosophy written in those languages. With the invention of the printing press and the use of Vulgate Latin as a lingua franca throughout Europe, the study of grammar became part of language teaching and learning. Although complete grammars were rare, Ancient Greek philologists and Latin teachers of rhetoric produced
{"datasets_id": 161012, "wiki_id": "Q714910", "sp": 6, "sc": 1316, "ep": 6, "ec": 2031}
161,012
Q714910
6
1,316
6
2,031
Traditional grammar
History
some descriptions of the structure of language. The descriptions produced by classical grammarians (teachers of philology and rhetoric) provided a model for traditional grammars in Europe. According to linguist William Harris, "Just as the Renaissance confirmed Greco-Roman tastes in poetry, rhetoric and architecture, it established ancient Grammar, especially that which the Roman school-grammarians had developed by the 4th [century CE], as an inviolate system of logical expression." The earliest descriptions of other European languages were modeled on grammars of Latin. The primacy of Latin in traditional grammar persisted until the beginning of the 20th century. The use of grammar descriptions in
{"datasets_id": 161012, "wiki_id": "Q714910", "sp": 6, "sc": 2031, "ep": 6, "ec": 2682}
161,012
Q714910
6
2,031
6
2,682
Traditional grammar
History
the teaching of language, including foreign language teaching and the study of language arts, has gone in and out of fashion. As education increasingly took place in vernacular languages at the close of the Renaissance, grammars of these languages were produced for teaching. Between 1801 and 1900 there were more than 850 grammars of English published specifically for use in schools. Mastering grammar rules like those derived from the study of Latin has at times been a specific goal of English-language education. This approach to teaching has, however, long competed with approaches that downplay the importance of grammar instruction. Similarly
{"datasets_id": 161012, "wiki_id": "Q714910", "sp": 6, "sc": 2682, "ep": 6, "ec": 3017}
161,012
Q714910
6
2,682
6
3,017
Traditional grammar
History
in foreign or second language teaching, the grammar-translation method based on traditional Latin teaching, in which the grammar of the language being learned is described in the student's native language, has competed with approaches such as the direct method or the communicative approach, in which grammar instruction is minimized.
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 245}
161,013
Q5570938
2
0
10
245
Translation management system
Naming & Features and benefits
Translation management system Naming Although Translation Management Systems (TMS) seems to be the currently favoured term in the localization industry, these solutions are also known as Globalization Management Systems (GMS) or Global Content Management Systems (GCMS). They work with Content management systems (CMS) as separate, but linked programs or as simple add-ons that can answer specific multilingual requirements. Features and benefits The measurable benefits of using a TMS are similar to those found in a CMS, but with a multilingual twist: the localization workflow is automated, thus reducing management and overhead costs and time for everyone involved; localization costs are
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 10, "sc": 245, "ep": 10, "ec": 955}
161,013
Q5570938
10
245
10
955
Translation management system
Features and benefits
reduced, time to market is decreased and translation quality improves; finally, the cooperation between headquarters and national branches increases thanks to more thorough reporting. A typical TMS workflow goes through the following steps: Change detection of updated or new materials is a must either with standard off-the-shelf CMSs or with the use of custom-developed connectors in the case of proprietary systems. Content is automatically extracted from the CMS and packaged for transmission to the TMS. In some cases, file manipulation may be needed for later analysis and translation. Project managers customise workflows to match their business needs. Every participant in the workflow
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 10, "sc": 955, "ep": 10, "ec": 1650}
161,013
Q5570938
10
955
10
1,650
Translation management system
Features and benefits
receives a notification where there is new work to be done, and a unique number is assigned to every project and every task for traceability. Translators and revisers work either online or offline and their queries and comments are tracked through the system. Translators or revisers receive comments from the customer's in-country reviewers to verify and implement any corrections. After the documents are approved, the TM is automatically updated for later reuse. Finally, the translated materials are returned into their CMS for publishing and productivity and efficiency metrics are available through reports. Linguistic technology generally includes at least translation memory and
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 10, "sc": 1650, "ep": 14, "ec": 103}
161,013
Q5570938
10
1,650
14
103
Translation management system
Features and benefits & Target markets and licensing
terminology database; some systems also integrate machine translation technology. Translation memory is a database of all previously translated sentences. While a translator performs translation, he or she is automatically prompted with similar sentences from the memory that were previously translated. A terminology database is a glossary that contains specific words and phrases and their context-appropriate translations. A machine translation system is a program that uses natural language processing technology to automatically translate a text from one language to another. Target markets and licensing TMS vendors target two main buyers when marketing and selling their products. On the one hand, software
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 14, "sc": 103, "ep": 14, "ec": 816}
161,013
Q5570938
14
103
14
816
Translation management system
Target markets and licensing
developer-only companies attract content producers, and sell their offering with no strings attached. On the other hand, software developers can also be Language Service Providers (LSPs), so they offer their language services over their custom-made technological offering for easier customer integration. The latter is commonly referred to as a captive solution, meaning that buyers must use the TMS developer's language services in order to take advantage of their platform. Content producers with preferred or previous language service agreements to third LSPs may prefer to maintain their independence and purchase software licences only. However, a combined option of technology solution and language
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 14, "sc": 816, "ep": 14, "ec": 1476}
161,013
Q5570938
14
816
14
1,476
Translation management system
Target markets and licensing
services in one package is bound to be more cost effective. Similarly, LSPs may prefer to contact technology vendors who are not part of the competition, offering also language services. Many LSPs got nervous when SDL bought Trados in 2005, becoming the biggest translation technology provider, while still having language services as part of their activities. As a result of this, competitive cloud translation management systems started making their way to the market, such as XTM Cloud or Wordbee Translator, that combines TMS functionality with CAT tools and online translation editors. Of course, the two above possibilities are only extremes and
{"datasets_id": 161013, "wiki_id": "Q5570938", "sp": 14, "sc": 1476, "ep": 14, "ec": 1702}
161,013
Q5570938
14
1,476
14
1,702
Translation management system
Target markets and licensing
the market requires more flexible solutions. For instance, the LSP Moravia Worldwide announced in 2007 a partnership with TMS developer Idiom Worldserver to remain independent and still provide added value to their customers.
{"datasets_id": 161014, "wiki_id": "Q3557288", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 71}
161,014
Q3557288
2
0
10
71
Travma
Australian edition & Music
Travma Australian edition Trauma was released in Australia with English-language artwork and packaging in mid-1997, to help promote the Australian leg of the Trauma tour and her recent English-language single debut for "Forgive Me This". The album was released in a special tour edition featuring a bonus disc with five songs from previous albums. Vissi promoted the album and tour by participating in a high-profile media campaign including press, radio, national television interviews, and in-store signings. Music Music and lyrics are by Nikos Karvelas and Natalia Germanou (4, 5, 10).
{"datasets_id": 161015, "wiki_id": "Q7854147", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 625}
161,015
Q7854147
2
0
6
625
Turbonilla garrettiana
Description
Turbonilla garrettiana Description The bluish white shell is moderately large, subdiaphanous, and shining. The early whorls are decollated. The later whorls are almost flattened and somewhat shouldered at the summits. They are ornamented with poorly developed, broad, low, almost vertical axial ribs which are strongest at the summit of the whorls and gradually grow weaker toward the periphery. The first three whorls of the teleoconch are probably lost. The second of those left has eighteen ribs: the antipenultimate twenty-four and the penultimate twenty-two ribs. On this they are much weaker than on the preceding whorls. The intercostal spaces are broad
{"datasets_id": 161015, "wiki_id": "Q7854147", "sp": 6, "sc": 625, "ep": 10, "ec": 48}
161,015
Q7854147
6
625
10
48
Turbonilla garrettiana
Description & Distribution
and shallow, scarcely sunk below the general surface of the shell. They become obsolete toward the periphery like the ribs. The sutures are well marked. The smooth base of the body whorl is rather prolonged. The suboval aperture is moderately large. The posterior angle is acute. The outer lip is thin. The junction of the columella and the outer lip is well rounded. The columella is oblique, somewhat revolute, and provided with a prominent fold, a little anterior to its insertion. The parietal wall is covered by a thin callus. Distribution The type specimen was found in the Pacific Ocean
{"datasets_id": 161015, "wiki_id": "Q7854147", "sp": 10, "sc": 48, "ep": 10, "ec": 73}
161,015
Q7854147
10
48
10
73
Turbonilla garrettiana
Distribution
off the Viti Levu Group.
{"datasets_id": 161016, "wiki_id": "Q7868382", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 316}
161,016
Q7868382
2
0
10
316
USS Clarendon (APA-72)
World War II & Invasion of Okinawa
USS Clarendon (APA-72) World War II Clarendon sailed from San Diego 6 February 1945 to join amphibious exercises in the Hawaiian Islands, then sailed for Ulithi, where late in March she joined the escort of a convoy to voyage to Saipan. Invasion of Okinawa Returning to Ulithi, she put to sea 22 April to carry combat cargo to Okinawa, off which she lay to discharge 26 to 30 April. On the 28th, she drove away enemy aircraft with her intensive gunfire. Returning to the west coast 22 May 1945, Clarendon made three voyages from San Diego and San Francisco to Pearl
{"datasets_id": 161016, "wiki_id": "Q7868382", "sp": 10, "sc": 316, "ep": 18, "ec": 123}
161,016
Q7868382
10
316
18
123
USS Clarendon (APA-72)
Invasion of Okinawa & After hostilities & Decommission
Harbor, carrying passengers and cargo in both directions. On 29 July she got underway from San Francisco. After hostilities Clarendon called at Eniwetok, Ulithi, Manila, and put into Tokyo 13 September. She carried troops for the occupation of Japan and in the redeployment of forces in China until 15 November, when she sailed from Taku to load homeward bound troops at Samar, Guam, Saipan, and Iwo Jima on her way to San Pedro, where she arrived 18 December. Decommission In January 1946 she sailed north to Seattle, where she was decommissioned 9 April 1946, and transferred to the War Shipping
{"datasets_id": 161016, "wiki_id": "Q7868382", "sp": 18, "sc": 123, "ep": 22, "ec": 60}
161,016
Q7868382
18
123
22
60
USS Clarendon (APA-72)
Decommission & Decorations
Administration in June 1946. She was scrapped by Zidell, Portland, OR; scrapping completed 16 October 1964. Decorations Clarendon received one battle star for World War II service.
{"datasets_id": 161017, "wiki_id": "Q7879446", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 319}
161,017
Q7879446
2
0
14
319
Ulmus glabra 'Albo-Variegata'
Description & Pests and diseases & Cultivation
Ulmus glabra 'Albo-Variegata' Description Weston described the tree as having leaves striped with white. Späth's cultivar was described in his 1903 and 1930 catalogues as having "large white-marbled leaves". Pests and diseases See under Ulmus glabra. Cultivation An elm with white-variegated wych-type leaves is sold in Poland. Three specimens of U. campestris latifolia albo-variegata were supplied by Späth to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902, and may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm).
{"datasets_id": 161018, "wiki_id": "Q984518", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 349}
161,018
Q984518
2
0
10
349
Unión, Montevideo
Location & History
Unión, Montevideo Location Unión shares borders with Mercado Modelo and Villa Española to the northwest, Maroñas to the northeast, Malvín Norte to the east, Buceo and Parque Batlle to the south and La Blanqueada and Larrañaga to the southwest. History Its history started in 1845, during General Oribe's siege of Montevideo, which at the time was little more than the actual Ciudad Vieja, by the creation of the Tribunal of Unión in the area. In 1849, Oribe founded here a village called "Restauración". After the end of the civil war, its status was elevated from "Pueblo" (village) to "Villa" (town)
{"datasets_id": 161018, "wiki_id": "Q984518", "sp": 10, "sc": 349, "ep": 10, "ec": 419}
161,018
Q984518
10
349
10
419
Unión, Montevideo
History
and was renamed to "Villa de la Unión" by Decree of 11 November 1851.
{"datasets_id": 161019, "wiki_id": "Q6108541", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 460}
161,019
Q6108541
2
0
4
460
University Park (James Madison University)
University Park (James Madison University) The James Madison University Park is home to both Athletics (along the Neff side) and University Recreation (entrance is on Devon Lane). Lacrosse/Soccer Complex is a soccer and lacrosse stadium located off of Neff Avenue in Harrisonburg, Virginia on the campus of James Madison University. The complex is home to the men's and women's soccer teams, as well as men's and women's lacrosse teams. The soccer teams moved to University Park in 2012.
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 598}
161,020
Q104379
2
0
6
598
Vadsø
General information
Vadsø General information The village of Vadsø was granted town status in 1833. In 1838, the town of Vadsø and the entire rural district surrounding the Varangerfjorden were established as the new municipality of Vadsø (see formannskapsdistrikt). The law required that all towns should be separated from their rural districts, but because of a low population and very few voters, this was impossible to carry out for the municipality of Vadsø in 1838. (This was also true in the towns of Hammerfest and Vardø.) In 1839, the western district (population: 598) was separated to become the new municipality of Nesseby.
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 6, "sc": 598, "ep": 6, "ec": 1246}
161,020
Q104379
6
598
6
1,246
Vadsø
General information
This left Vadsø with 388 residents. In 1858, Vadsø municipality changed again: Nesseby Municipality (population: 706) was merged back into Vadsø and the district of Vadsø located south of the Varangerfjorden (population: 1,171) was separated to form the new municipality of Sør-Varanger. This change resulted in a population of 2,050 in Vadsø municipality. In 1864, the western district of Nesseby (population: 866) was separated into a separate municipality once again, leaving Vadsø with 1,367 residents. On 1 January 1894, the rest of the rural district (population: 1,296) surrounding the town of Vadsø was separated to form the new
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 6, "sc": 1246, "ep": 10, "ec": 168}
161,020
Q104379
6
1,246
10
168
Vadsø
General information & Name
municipality of Nord-Varanger. This left just the town of Vadsø remaining in the municipality of Vadsø which now had 1,114 residents. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the municipality of Nord-Varanger (population: 1,587) was merged with the town of Vadsø (population: 3,353) to form the present-day Vadsø Municipality. Name The municipality is named after the town of Vadsø. The name of the town comes from the island Vadsøya, since that was the original townsite. The Old Norse form of the
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 10, "sc": 168, "ep": 14, "ec": 222}
161,020
Q104379
10
168
14
222
Vadsø
Name & Coat of arms
name would be *Vazøy, *Vatsøy, *Vassøy; the eldest references to the town show the forms Vasthøen (1520) and Vaadsøenn (1567). The first element is the genitive case of vatn which means "water" and the last element is øy which means "island". Therefore, the meaning of the name is "the island with drinking water". Coat of arms The coat of arms is from modern times; they were granted on 20 February 1976. The arms show the head of a reindeer stag in silver on a red background. The reindeer is the main domestic animal in the municipality and thus
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 14, "sc": 222, "ep": 18, "ec": 571}
161,020
Q104379
14
222
18
571
Vadsø
Coat of arms & History
of great economic importance. History In the 16th century, the settlement of Vadsø consisted of a fishing village and the old Vadsø Church, located on the island of Vadsøya. The settlement later moved to the mainland. Pomor trade led Vadsø to be a major trading centre in this part of Norway. Township privilege was granted in 1833, and soon settlers came from Finland and the northern part of Sweden, which suffered from famine. Finnish was rapidly becoming the language of the majority, and this continued for decades. As of 2016, Finnish is still spoken in some households. During the occupation of
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 18, "sc": 571, "ep": 22, "ec": 18}
161,020
Q104379
18
571
22
18
Vadsø
History & Government
Norway by Nazi Germany, Vadsø suffered several air raids from the Soviet Union, which bombed German troops. However, there are, unlike most places in Finnmark, a number of 19th century wooden houses preserved close to the city centre, notably the house of Esbensen, built by a Norwegian, and the house of Tuomainen, built by a Finn. On the island of Vadsøya is the airship mast used by Umberto Nobile and Roald Amundsen for their expedition over the North Pole with the airship Norge in 1926, and used again on Nobile's flight with the airship Italia in 1928. Government All municipalities
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 22, "sc": 18, "ep": 26, "ec": 228}
161,020
Q104379
22
18
26
228
Vadsø
Government & Geography
in Norway, including Vadsø, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipality falls under the Øst-Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal. Geography The municipality of Vadsø forms the southern coast of the Varanger Peninsula, which is largely covered by birch forests on this more sheltered side (as opposed to the northern side). The Varangerfjorden flows along the southern
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 26, "sc": 228, "ep": 30, "ec": 118}
161,020
Q104379
26
228
30
118
Vadsø
Geography & Birdlife
coast of the municipality and the river Jakobselva runs along the western border of Vadsø. The small islands of Lille Ekkerøy and Vadsøya lie in the Varangerfjorden. The Varangerhalvøya National Park lies in a large part of the interior parts of the municipality. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 17 May to 28 July (73 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer, polar night from 25 November to 17 January (54 days). Birdlife Situated on the shores of the Varangerfjorden the municipality of Vadsø is known for its interesting birdlife. Many of
{"datasets_id": 161020, "wiki_id": "Q104379", "sp": 30, "sc": 118, "ep": 38, "ec": 194}
161,020
Q104379
30
118
38
194
Vadsø
Birdlife & River fishing & Transportation
its coastal localities like Store Ekkerøy are internationally known for its rich and interesting birdlife. The harbor at Vadsø can produce all three species of eider, including the small and stunning Steller's eider. River fishing Fishing permits (for salmon fishing) are sold for use on specific rivers, including Komag-elva. Transportation Vadsø Airport is located in Kiby, just to the east of the town. The town is also a port of call for the Hurtigruten coastal express boats. Vadsø is located along the European route E75 highway.
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 602}
161,021
Q7908702
2
0
6
602
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Plot
Vaidehi Kathirunthal Plot Vellaisamy is an unkempt derelict who lives by the village temple doing menial jobs to survive but has an impressive singing ability. Vaidehi is a young widow who lives in the village with her sorrowing, alcoholic father. One day when some villagers spot Vellaisamy scribbling Vaidehi's name on the temple walls, rumours start circling. When a distressed Vaidehi approaches and questions Vellaisamy, he reveals his tragic past and how he lost the woman of his affection, also named Vaidehi. Vellaisamy and Vaidehi now share a mutual respect for each other's melancholic lives but soon realise they need
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 6, "sc": 602, "ep": 10, "ec": 498}
161,021
Q7908702
6
602
10
498
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Plot & Production
to work together to unite a young couple in love against the wrath of the whole village. Production After music director Ilaiyaraaja finished composing the songs of Kaakki Sattai (1985) in half-a-day, well before the three-day schedule, he started to compose other songs since he was free at that time; he ended up composing six songs, hoping to use them in a potential film. Producer-lyricist Panchu Arunachalam, who used to listen to Ilaiyaraaja's unused songs and pick any of them he liked for future projects, wanted one of the six tunes for the film that would become Vaidehi Kathirunthal. But
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 10, "sc": 498, "ep": 14, "ec": 76}
161,021
Q7908702
10
498
14
76
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Production & Release and reception
Ilaiyaraaja insisted that he listen to all six tunes; the producer did so, and the storyline of Vaidehi Kathirunthal was developed based on them. The film was written and directed by R. Sundarrajan, and produced by Thooyavan under the banner Appu Movies, while Arunachalam was credited as presenter. Cinematography was handled by Raja Rajan, and editing by M. Shrinivasan and B. Krishnakumar. Vijayakanth agreed to play a "soft role" at a time when he starred in many action films and was branded an action hero. Release and reception Vaidehi Kaathirundhal was released on 23 October 1984, Diwali day. The Tamil
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 14, "sc": 76, "ep": 18, "ec": 69}
161,021
Q7908702
14
76
18
69
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Release and reception & Legacy
magazine Ananda Vikatan, in its issue dated 2 December 1984, carried the reviews of multiple people who had seen the film. The review board of the magazine gave the film a rating of 44 out of 100 based on these reviews, with the consensus being favourable towards Ilaiyaraaja's music and critical towards the multiple storylines stitched together. Despite facing competition from other Diwali releases such as Nallavanukku Nallavan and the Tamil-dubbed version of the Malayalam-language My Dear Kuttichathan, the film was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres. Legacy Vaidehi Kaathirundhal emerged a breakthrough in Vijayakanth's career.
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 18, "sc": 69, "ep": 18, "ec": 673}
161,021
Q7908702
18
69
18
673
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Legacy
According to film journalist Sreedhar Pillai, it was one of the films that made him the "Raja of B and C stations" The quote "Petromax light-e than venuma" (transl. Do you want only the Petromax light?) spoken by Goundamani's character became a popular phrase in Tamil Nadu and refers to someone wanting and persisting on something particular. The quote also inspired a song of the same name in Aranmanai (2014). The Chennai-based brand Dude Thamizha prints T-shirts that carry the dialogue which are their best-sellers too. The character name of Goundamani, All in All Azhagu Raja, was also used as the
{"datasets_id": 161021, "wiki_id": "Q7908702", "sp": 18, "sc": 673, "ep": 18, "ec": 779}
161,021
Q7908702
18
673
18
779
Vaidehi Kathirunthal
Legacy
title a 2013 film, while the 2019 film Petromax derives its title from All in All Azhagu Raja's dialogue.
{"datasets_id": 161022, "wiki_id": "Q4008809", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 629}
161,022
Q4008809
2
0
4
629
Varima-te-takere
Varima-te-takere In Cook Islands mythology, Varima-te-takere ("goddess of the beginning") also called Vari (/ˈvɑːri/ VAH-ree), was the primordial mother of the gods and mortals. According to Gill, Vari, a female spirit or demon of flesh and blood, was admitted to the lowest depth of the interior of Avaiki, a place described as resembling a vast hollow coconut shell. Such is the narrowness of her territory that her knees and chin touch, no other position being possible. Her name in full, Vari-ma-te-takere, Gill translates as "The very beginning". The word vari, however, also means "mud", and, taken in conjunction with takere (canoe
{"datasets_id": 161022, "wiki_id": "Q4008809", "sp": 4, "sc": 629, "ep": 4, "ec": 1360}
161,022
Q4008809
4
629
4
1,360
Varima-te-takere
bottom or keel), the name literally means "The mud at the bottom"; suggesting the mud on the bottom of Avaiki. Vari is the mud of taro swamps and connotes potential plant growth. As applied to a female, it means menstruation and conveys a connection with the female womb and the origin of human growth. The following passage from a dramatic song of creation (circa 1790) mentions Vari: But we have no father whatever: Vari alone made us. That home of Vari is The very narrowest of all! Vari's home is in the narrowest of spaces, A goddess feeding on raw taro At appointed periods of worship! Thy mother,
{"datasets_id": 161022, "wiki_id": "Q4008809", "sp": 4, "sc": 1360, "ep": 4, "ec": 1924}
161,022
Q4008809
4
1,360
4
1,924
Varima-te-takere
Vatea, is self-existent. Vari was very anxious for progeny. At various times she created six children, three bits of flesh were plucked from each side of her body, and moulded into human form. These six are the primary gods of the universe. Yet no marae or image was ever sacred to them, nor was any offering made to them. These gods are: Vatea (or Avatea), the father of gods and men; Tinirau, lord of the seas; Tango, lord of the birds; Tumu-te-ana-oa, echo of the rocks; Raka, lord of the winds; and Tu-metua, a beloved daughter whom Vari kept close to
{"datasets_id": 161022, "wiki_id": "Q4008809", "sp": 4, "sc": 1924, "ep": 4, "ec": 2067}
161,022
Q4008809
4
1,924
4
2,067
Varima-te-takere
her in Avaiki. Tu-metua (or Tu-papa) was the tutelary deity of the island of Moorea, and the fourteenth night in every moon was sacred to her.
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 642}
161,023
Q7927899
2
0
6
642
Video coding format
Distinction between "format" and "codec"
Video coding format Distinction between "format" and "codec" Although video coding formats such as H.264 are sometimes referred to as codecs, there is a clear conceptual difference between a specification and its implementations. Video coding formats are described in specifications, and software or hardware to encode/decode data in a given video coding format from/to uncompressed video are implementations of those specifications. As an analogy, the video coding format H.264 (specification) is to the codec OpenH264 (specific implementation) what the C Programming Language (specification) is to the compiler GCC (specific implementation). Note that for each specification (e.g. H.264), there can be
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 6, "sc": 642, "ep": 6, "ec": 1363}
161,023
Q7927899
6
642
6
1,363
Video coding format
Distinction between "format" and "codec"
many codecs implementing that specification (e.g. x264, OpenH264, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC products and implementations). This distinction is not consistently reflected terminologically in the literature. The H.264 specification calls H.261, H.262, H.263, and H.264 video coding standards and does not contain the word codec. The Alliance for Open Media clearly distinguishes between the AV1 video coding format and the accompanying codec they are developing, but calls the video coding format itself a video codec specification. The VP9 specification calls the video coding format VP9 itself a codec. As an example of conflation, Chromium's and Mozilla's pages listing their video format support both call video
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 6, "sc": 1363, "ep": 6, "ec": 2057}
161,023
Q7927899
6
1,363
6
2,057
Video coding format
Distinction between "format" and "codec"
coding formats such as H.264 codecs. As another example, in Cisco's announcement of a free-as-in-beer video codec, the press release refers to the H.264 video coding format as a "codec" ("choice of a common video codec"), but calls Cisco's implementation of a H.264 encoder/decoder a "codec" shortly thereafter ("open-source our H.264 codec"). A video coding format does not dictate all algorithms used by a codec implementing the format. For example, a large part of how video compression typically works is by finding similarities between video frames (block-matching), and then achieving compression by copying previously-coded similar subimages (e.g., macroblocks) and adding small
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 6, "sc": 2057, "ep": 6, "ec": 2751}
161,023
Q7927899
6
2,057
6
2,751
Video coding format
Distinction between "format" and "codec"
differences when necessary. Finding optimal combinations of such predictors and differences is an NP-hard problem, meaning that it is practically impossible to find an optimal solution. While the video coding format must support such compression across frames in the bitstream format, by not needlessly mandating specific algorithms for finding such block-matches and other encoding steps, the codecs implementing the video coding specification have some freedom to optimize and innovate in their choice of algorithms. For example, section 0.5 of the H.264 specification says that encoding algorithms are not part of the specification. Free choice of algorithm also allows different space–time
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 6, "sc": 2751, "ep": 10, "ec": 396}
161,023
Q7927899
6
2,751
10
396
Video coding format
Distinction between "format" and "codec" & Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video coding formats
complexity trade-offs for the same video coding format, so a live feed can use a fast but space-inefficient algorithm, while a one-time DVD encoding for later mass production can trade long encoding-time for space-efficient encoding. Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video coding formats Consumer video is generally compressed using lossy video codecs, since that results in significantly smaller files than lossless compression. While there are video coding formats designed explicitly for either lossy or lossless compression, some video coding formats such as Dirac and H.264 support both. Uncompressed video formats, such as Clean HDMI, is a form of lossless video used in
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 10, "sc": 396, "ep": 14, "ec": 473}
161,023
Q7927899
10
396
14
473
Video coding format
Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video coding formats & Intra-frame video coding formats
some circumstances such as when sending video to a display over a HDMI connection. Some high-end cameras can also capture video directly in this format. Intra-frame video coding formats Interframe compression complicates editing of an encoded video sequence. One subclass of relatively simple video coding formats are the intra-frame video formats, such as DV, in which each frame of the video stream is compressed independently without referring to other frames in the stream, and no attempt is made to take advantage of correlations between successive pictures over time for better compression. One example is Motion JPEG, which is simply a sequence
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 14, "sc": 473, "ep": 14, "ec": 1136}
161,023
Q7927899
14
473
14
1,136
Video coding format
Intra-frame video coding formats
of individually JPEG-compressed images. This approach is quick and simple, at the expense the encoded video being much larger than a video coding format supporting Inter frame coding. Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Making 'cuts' in intraframe-compressed video while video editing is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one doesn't want. Another
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 14, "sc": 1136, "ep": 14, "ec": 1766}
161,023
Q7927899
14
1,136
14
1,766
Video coding format
Intra-frame video coding formats
difference between intraframe and interframe compression is that, with intraframe systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as "I frames" in MPEG-2) aren't allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby. It is possible to build a computer-based video editor that spots problems caused when I frames are edited out while other frames need them. This has allowed newer formats like HDV to be used for editing. However, this process demands a lot more computing power than editing intraframe compressed video with the
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 14, "sc": 1766, "ep": 18, "ec": 612}
161,023
Q7927899
14
1,766
18
612
Video coding format
Intra-frame video coding formats & Profiles and levels
same picture quality. Profiles and levels A video coding format can define optional restrictions to encoded video, called profiles and levels. It is possible to have a decoder which only supports decoding a subset of profiles and levels of a given video format, for example to make the decoder program/hardware smaller, simpler, or faster. A profile restricts which encoding techniques are allowed. For example, the H.264 format includes the profiles baseline, main and high (and others). While P-slices (which can be predicted based on preceding slices) are supported in all profiles, B-slices (which can be predicted based on both preceding and
{"datasets_id": 161023, "wiki_id": "Q7927899", "sp": 18, "sc": 612, "ep": 18, "ec": 785}
161,023
Q7927899
18
612
18
785
Video coding format
Profiles and levels
following slices) are supported in the main and high profiles but not in baseline. A level is a restriction on parameters such as maximum resolution and data rates.
{"datasets_id": 161024, "wiki_id": "Q7934082", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 600}
161,024
Q7934082
2
0
6
600
Virginia, Queensland
Demographics
Virginia, Queensland Demographics In the 2011 census, Virginia recorded a population of 2,061 people; 49.8% female and 50.2% male. The median age of the Virginia population was 34 years, 3 years below the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 18.9% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 11.6% of the population. 74.6% of people living in Virginia were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 4%, England 2.5%, India 1.6%, China 1.4%, Papua New Guinea 0.7%. 83.7% of people spoke only English
{"datasets_id": 161024, "wiki_id": "Q7934082", "sp": 6, "sc": 600, "ep": 14, "ec": 96}
161,024
Q7934082
6
600
14
96
Virginia, Queensland
Demographics & Transport & Sport
at home; the next most popular languages were 1.3% Mandarin, 1% Punjabi, 0.7% Japanese, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Spanish. Transport Virginia railway station and Bindha railway station provides access to regular Queensland Rail City network services to Brisbane and Caboolture. In the 2011 census, 17.4% of employed people travelled to work on public transport and 60.3% by car (either as driver or as passenger). One of Brisbane Transport's bus depots is based in Virginia. Sport Despite its name, the Virginia Golf Club is located at Elliott Road, Banyo, an adjacent suburb.
{"datasets_id": 161025, "wiki_id": "Q15453023", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 7}
161,025
Q15453023
2
0
10
7
W. Wesley Pue
Early life & Career
W. Wesley Pue William Wesley Pue (October 20, 1954 – April 3, 2019) was a Canadian lawyer, academic, and the Nemetz Professor of Legal History at the Peter A. Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. He was also a past President of the Canadian Law and Society Association. Early life Pue was educated in England at Gresham's School, Holt, then at Regent's Park College, Oxford, graduating BA in Geography in 1977 and BA in Jurisprudence in 1979. He transferred to the University of Alberta, where he graduated Master of Laws in 1980. Career
{"datasets_id": 161025, "wiki_id": "Q15453023", "sp": 12, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 576}
161,025
Q15453023
12
0
12
576
W. Wesley Pue
Career
Pue was called to the Bars of the Northwest Territories and Alberta in 1981. He taught at Osgoode Hall Law School, Oklahoma City University, Carleton University and the University of Manitoba where he was Johnson Professor of Legal History and Director of the Canadian Legal History Project. He graduated Juris Doctor from Osgoode in 1989, and in 1993 joined the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Law as its first holder of the Nemetz Chair in Legal History. From 1996 to 1998 he was Director of UBC's Graduate Programme in Law. Pue served a short stint as provost
{"datasets_id": 161025, "wiki_id": "Q15453023", "sp": 12, "sc": 576, "ep": 12, "ec": 1236}
161,025
Q15453023
12
576
12
1,236
W. Wesley Pue
Career
of the University of British Columbia Okanagan campus from 2011-2013 As Nemetz professor, Pue taught courses in Legal History, the Legal Profession and Legal Knowledge. His research interests were in Law and Society, legal pluralism and the history of law, and he has published articles in the fields of English and Canadian legal history, the history of the legal Profession, Administrative law, law and geography, and law and society. Dr. Pue was on leave from the Peter A. Allard School of Law to serve as Vice-Provost and Associate Vice-President Academic Resources for the University of British Columbia. He died on April 3, 2019,
{"datasets_id": 161025, "wiki_id": "Q15453023", "sp": 12, "sc": 1236, "ep": 12, "ec": 1245}
161,025
Q15453023
12
1,236
12
1,245
W. Wesley Pue
Career
aged 64.
{"datasets_id": 161026, "wiki_id": "Q22340648", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 256}
161,026
Q22340648
2
0
8
256
Weymouth, Ohio
History
Weymouth, Ohio Weymouth is an unincorporated community in Medina County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. History The community was named after Weymouth, Massachusetts, the native home of an early settler. A post office called Weymouth was established in 1824, and remained in operation until 1905. By the 1880s, Weymouth had a cheese factory and several country stores.
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 103}
161,027
Q1058884
2
0
8
103
Who's on First?
History
Who's on First? "Who's on First?" is a comedy routine made famous by Abbott and Costello. The premise of the sketch is that Abbott is identifying the players on a baseball team for Costello, but their names and nicknames can be interpreted as non-responsive answers to Costello's questions. For example, the first baseman is named "Who"; thus, the utterance "Who's on first" is ambiguous between the question ("Which person is the first baseman?") and the answer ("The name of the first baseman is 'Who'"). History "Who's on First?" is descended from turn-of-the-century burlesque sketches that used plays on words and
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 103, "ep": 8, "ec": 665}
161,027
Q1058884
8
103
8
665
Who's on First?
History
names. Examples are "The Baker Scene" (the shop is located on Watt Street) and "Who Dyed" (the owner is named "Who"). In the 1930 movie Cracked Nuts, comedians Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey examine a map of a mythical kingdom with dialogue like this: "What is next to Which." "What is the name of the town next to Which?" "Yes." In British music halls, comedian Will Hay performed a routine in the early 1930s (and possibly earlier) as a schoolmaster interviewing a schoolboy named Howe who came from Ware but now lives in Wye. By the early 1930s, a "Baseball
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 665, "ep": 8, "ec": 1250}
161,027
Q1058884
8
665
8
1,250
Who's on First?
History
Routine" had become a standard bit for burlesque comics across the United States. Abbott's wife recalled him performing the routine with another comedian before teaming with Costello. Bud Abbott stated that it was taken from an older routine called "Who's The Boss?", a performance of which can be heard in an episode of the radio comedy program It Pays to Be Ignorant from the 1940s. After they formally teamed up in burlesque in 1936, he and Costello continued to hone the sketch. It was a big hit in the fall of 1937, when they performed the routine in a touring vaudeville
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 1250, "ep": 8, "ec": 1865}
161,027
Q1058884
8
1,250
8
1,865
Who's on First?
History
revue called Hollywood Bandwagon. In February 1938, Abbott and Costello joined the cast of The Kate Smith Hour radio program, and the sketch was first performed for a national radio audience on March 24 of that year. The routine may have been further polished before this broadcast by burlesque producer John Grant, who became the team's writer, and Will Glickman, a staff writer on the radio show. Glickman may have added the nicknames of then-contemporary baseball players like Dizzy and Daffy Dean to set up the routine's premise. This version, with extensive wordplay based on the fact that most of the
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 1865, "ep": 8, "ec": 2524}
161,027
Q1058884
8
1,865
8
2,524
Who's on First?
History
fictional baseball team's players had "strange nicknames" that seemed to be questions, became known as "Who's on First?" Some versions continue with references to Enos Slaughter, which Costello misunderstands as "He knows" Slaughter. By 1944, Abbott and Costello had the routine copyrighted. Abbott and Costello performed "Who's on First?" numerous times in their careers, rarely performing it exactly the same way twice. They did the routine for President Franklin Roosevelt several times. An abridged version was featured in the team's 1940 film debut, One Night in the Tropics. The duo reprised the bit in their 1945 film The Naughty Nineties, and
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 2524, "ep": 8, "ec": 3169}
161,027
Q1058884
8
2,524
8
3,169
Who's on First?
History
it is that longer version which is considered their finest recorded rendition. They also performed "Who's on First?" numerous times on radio and television (notably in The Abbott and Costello Show episode "The Actor's Home", widely considered the definitive version). In 1956, a gold record of "Who's on First?" was placed in the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York. A video (taken from The Naughty Nineties) now plays continuously on screens at the Hall. In the 1970s, Selchow and Righter published a "Who's on First?" board game. In 1999, Time named the routine Best Comedy Sketch of the
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 8, "sc": 3169, "ep": 12, "ec": 397}
161,027
Q1058884
8
3,169
12
397
Who's on First?
History & Writing credit
20th Century. An early radio recording was placed in the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry in 2003. In 2005, the line "Who's on First?" was included on the American Film Institute's list of 100 memorable movie quotations. Writing credit Writing credits for the sketch are unknown though, over the years, numerous people have claimed or been given credit for it. Such claims typically lack reasonable corroboration. For example, a 1993 obituary of comedy sketch writer Michael J. Musto states that, shortly after Abbott and Costello teamed up, they paid Musto $15 to write the script. Furthermore, several 1996 obituaries of songwriter
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 12, "sc": 397, "ep": 16, "ec": 520}
161,027
Q1058884
12
397
16
520
Who's on First?
Writing credit & Copyright infringement case
Irving Gordon mention that he had written the sketch. Copyright infringement case In 2015 the heirs of Abbott and Costello filed a federal copyright infringement lawsuit in the Southern District of New York claiming unauthorized use of over a minute of the comedy routine in the play Hand to God. The lawsuit was filed against the playwright Robert Askins, the producers and the promoters. The defense claimed that the underlying "Who's On First?" routine was in the public domain because the original authors, Abbott and Costello, were not the ones who filed a copyright renewal, but the court did not
{"datasets_id": 161027, "wiki_id": "Q1058884", "sp": 16, "sc": 520, "ep": 16, "ec": 769}
161,027
Q1058884
16
520
16
769
Who's on First?
Copyright infringement case
see the need to make a final determination on that. The court ruled against the heirs, saying that the use by the play was transformative fair use. The heirs appealed, eventually to the US Supreme Court, which, in 2017, declined to review the case.
{"datasets_id": 161028, "wiki_id": "Q24061564", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 154}
161,028
Q24061564
2
0
8
154
Willett, South Dakota
History
Willett, South Dakota Willett is a ghost town in Harding County, in the U.S. state of South Dakota. History A post office called Willett was established in 1909, and remained in operation until 1952. The town was named for the a local family engaged in ranching.
{"datasets_id": 161029, "wiki_id": "Q15997106", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 338}
161,029
Q15997106
2
0
6
338
William Charles Sutherland
Saskatoon Club
William Charles Sutherland Saskatoon Club Sutherland, Fred Engen, F. S. Cahill, H.L. Jordan and James Straton were the first members of the Executive Committee for the Saskatoon Club. The Saskatoon Club was established as a club for social purposes to serve business, professional and community leaders as a supplement the role of the Board of Trade in Saskatoon and Saskatchewan.
{"datasets_id": 161030, "wiki_id": "Q8012431", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 202}
161,030
Q8012431
2
0
14
202
William Holliday (rugby league)
Background & International honours & County Cup Final appearances
William Holliday (rugby league) Background Bill Holliday was born in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. International honours Bill Holliday won caps for Great Britain while at Whitehaven in 1964 against France, in 1965 against France, New Zealand (3 matches), while at Hull Kingston Rovers in 1966 against France, France (sub), and in 1967 against Australia (3 matches). Bill Holliday captained Great Britain in 1967 against Australia (3 matches). County Cup Final appearances Bill Holliday played left-second-row, i.e. number 11, in Hull Kingston Rovers' 25-12 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1966 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1966–67 season at Headingley Rugby
{"datasets_id": 161030, "wiki_id": "Q8012431", "sp": 14, "sc": 202, "ep": 14, "ec": 828}
161,030
Q8012431
14
202
14
828
William Holliday (rugby league)
County Cup Final appearances
Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 15 October 1966, played left-prop, i.e. number 8, in Hull Kingston Rovers' 8-7 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1967 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1967–68 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 14 October 1967, played left-second-row in Swinton's 11-2 victory over Leigh in the 1969 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1969–70 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 1 November 1969, and played as an interchange/substitute, i.e. number 15, (replacing Second-row Rod Smith) in the 11-25 defeat by Salford in the 1972 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1972–73 season at
{"datasets_id": 161030, "wiki_id": "Q8012431", "sp": 14, "sc": 828, "ep": 26, "ec": 30}
161,030
Q8012431
14
828
26
30
William Holliday (rugby league)
County Cup Final appearances & Player's No.6 Trophy Final appearances & Honoured at Whitehaven & Genealogical information
Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 21 October 1972. Player's No.6 Trophy Final appearances Bill Holliday played left-prop, i.e. number 8, and scored 2-conversions in Rochdale Hornets' 16-27 defeat by Warrington in the 1973–74 Player's No.6 Trophy Final during the 1973–74 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 9 February 1974. Holliday had secured the quarter final victory for Rochdale over Leeds with a drop goal from just inside the attacking half to give Hornets a 7 points to 5 lead. Honoured at Whitehaven Bill Holliday is a Whitehaven Hall of Fame inductee. Genealogical information Bill Holliday is the father of
{"datasets_id": 161030, "wiki_id": "Q8012431", "sp": 26, "sc": 30, "ep": 26, "ec": 167}
161,030
Q8012431
26
30
26
167
William Holliday (rugby league)
Genealogical information
the rugby league footballer; Les Holliday, and the rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s for Swinton and Leigh; Mike Holliday.
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 634}
161,031
Q345932
2
0
4
634
William Lovett
William Lovett William Lovett (8 May 1800 – 8 August 1877) was a British activist and leader of the Chartist political movement. He was one of the leading London-based artisan radicals of his generation. A proponent of the idea that political rights could be garnered through political pressure and non-violent agitation, Lovett retired from more overt forms of political activity after a year of imprisonment on the political charge of seditious libel in 1839–1840. He subsequently devoted himself to the National Association for Promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the People, seeking to improve the lives of the poor workers
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 4, "sc": 634, "ep": 8, "ec": 514}
161,031
Q345932
4
634
8
514
William Lovett
Early activism
and their children by means of a Chartist educational programme put into practice. Early activism Born in the Cornish town of Newlyn in 1800, Lovett moved to London as a young man seeking work as a cabinet maker. He was self-educated, became a member of the Cabinetmakers Society, and later its President. He rose to national political prominence as founder of the Anti-Militia Association (slogan: 'no vote, no musket'), and was active in wider trade unionism through the Metropolitan Trades Union and Owenite socialism. In 1831, during the Reform Act agitation, he helped form the National Union of the Working
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 8, "sc": 514, "ep": 12, "ec": 428}
161,031
Q345932
8
514
12
428
William Lovett
Early activism & The London Working Men's Association
Classes with radical colleagues Henry Hetherington and James Watson. After the passage of the Reform Act he turned, with Hetherington, to the campaign to repeal taxes on newspapers known as the War of the Unstamped. The London Working Men's Association In June 1836 Lovett founded the London Working Men's Association with several radical colleagues including Hetherington. The LWMA's membership was restricted to 100 working men, although it admitted 35 honorary members including the later Chartist leader Feargus O'Connor. Other honorary members included radical MP's, but the LWMA was strictly a working-class organisation, unlike groups such as the Birmingham Political Union,
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 12, "sc": 428, "ep": 16, "ec": 5}
161,031
Q345932
12
428
16
5
William Lovett
The London Working Men's Association & Arrest and prison term
whose executive was dominated by the middle-class. The original purpose of the LWMA was education, but in 1838 Lovett and fellow Radical Francis Place drafted a parliamentary bill which was the foundation of the Peoples' Charter, and the Association was effectively sidetracked into Chartism. The Bill was signed by Lovett and five other LWMA members, along with six Radical MPs including Daniel O'Connell. Lovett is best known for his role in the Chartist movement. Chartism, a campaign for parliamentary reforms intended to correct inequities remaining after the Reform Act of 1832, spanned roughly 1838 to 1850. Arrest and prison term Like
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 16, "sc": 4, "ep": 16, "ec": 659}
161,031
Q345932
16
4
16
659
William Lovett
Arrest and prison term
most leading Chartists, Lovett was arrested. In February 1839 the first Chartist Convention met in London, and on 4 February 1839 unanimously elected Lovett as its Secretary. On 13th May 1839 the Convention moved to Birmingham. Many supporters gathered in the city's Bull Ring, but local authorities had prohibited assembly there, and several were arrested. The Convention condemned the actions of police in breaking up the "riot", and posted placards which described the police who put down the riot as a "bloodthirsty and unconstitutional force". Lovett, as secretary, accepted responsibility for the placards, and was arrested along with John Collins,
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 16, "sc": 659, "ep": 20, "ec": 410}
161,031
Q345932
16
659
20
410
William Lovett
Arrest and prison term & The New life
who had taken the placards to a printer. Lovett and Collins were later found guilty of seditious libel, and were sentenced to twelve months imprisonment in Warwick Gaol. They were released in July 1840. The New life While in prison Lovett, with Collins, wrote "Chartism, a New Organisation of the People", which focused on Chartist Education. Once released Lovett retired from politics, and in 1841 formed the National Association for Promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the People, an educational body. The body was to implement his New Move educational initiative, through which he hoped poor workers and their
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 20, "sc": 410, "ep": 20, "ec": 1015}
161,031
Q345932
20
410
20
1,015
William Lovett
The New life
children would be able to better themselves. The New Move was to be funded through a 1 penny per week subscription paid by those Chartists who had signed the national petition. Hetherington and Place supported the move, but O'Connor opposed the scheme in the Northern Star, believing it would distract Chartists from the main aim of having the petition implemented. The New Move was unable to generate the popular support that Lovett had hoped for. Membership never surpassed 5000, and education was limited to Sunday schools. The National Association Hall was opened in 1842, but closed in 1857 when the
{"datasets_id": 161031, "wiki_id": "Q345932", "sp": 20, "sc": 1015, "ep": 24, "ec": 287}
161,031
Q345932
20
1,015
24
287
William Lovett
The New life & Beliefs
operation was evicted. Lovett opened a bookshop, and wrote his autobiography, The Life and Struggles of William Lovett, in 1877. He died impoverished on 8 August 1877. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. His grave is a grade 2 listed monument. Beliefs Lovett was a moral-force Chartist, and decried the use or threat of violence to achieve political change. He believed in temperance, and was a staunch advocate of sobriety. Against the educational standards of the time, he believed in teaching methods founded on kindness and compassion.
{"datasets_id": 161032, "wiki_id": "Q1502132", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 628}
161,032
Q1502132
2
0
6
628
Wobbegong
Description
Wobbegong Description Wobbegongs are bottom-dwelling sharks, so they spend much of their time resting on the sea floor. Most species have a maximum length of 1.25 m (4.1 ft) or less, but the largest, the spotted wobbegong, Orectolobus maculatus, and banded wobbegong, O. halei, reach about 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. Wobbegongs are well camouflaged with a symmetrical pattern of bold markings which resembles a carpet. Because of this striking pattern, wobbegongs and their close relatives are often referred to as carpet sharks/. The reason for this is because the strange colours and patterns on their backs resemble carpets. The camouflage
{"datasets_id": 161032, "wiki_id": "Q1502132", "sp": 6, "sc": 628, "ep": 10, "ec": 328}
161,032
Q1502132
6
628
10
328
Wobbegong
Description & Interaction with humans
is improved by the presence of small weed-like whisker lobes surrounding the wobbegong's jaw, which help to camouflage it and act as sensory barbs. Wobbegongs make use of their relative invisibility to hide among rocks and catch smaller fish which swim too close, typical of ambush predators. Interaction with humans Wobbegongs are generally not considered dangerous to humans, but have attacked swimmers, snorkellers and SCUBA divers who inadvertently come close to them. The Australian Shark Attack File contains more than 50 records of unprovoked attacks by wobbegongs, and the International Shark Attack File 28 records; none of them fatal.
{"datasets_id": 161032, "wiki_id": "Q1502132", "sp": 10, "sc": 328, "ep": 14, "ec": 23}
161,032
Q1502132
10
328
14
23
Wobbegong
Interaction with humans & Captivity
Wobbegongs have also bitten surfers. Wobbegongs are very flexible and can easily bite a hand holding onto their tail. They have many small but sharp teeth and their bite can be severe, even through a wetsuit; having once bitten, they have been known to hang on and can be very difficult to remove. There are many more instances of unprovoked attacks on wobbegongs: in Australia, the flesh of wobbegongs and other shark species is called flake and it is often the "fish" component of fish and chips. Wobbegong skin is also used to make leather. Captivity Although most wobbegong
{"datasets_id": 161032, "wiki_id": "Q1502132", "sp": 14, "sc": 23, "ep": 14, "ec": 637}
161,032
Q1502132
14
23
14
637
Wobbegong
Captivity
species are unsuitable for home aquaria due to their large adult size, this has not stopped some of the larger species from being sold in the aquarium trade. Small wobbegong species, such as the tasselled wobbegong and Ward's wobbegong, are "ideal" sharks for home aquarists to keep because they are an appropriate size and are lethargic, enabling them to be accommodated within the limited space of home aquaria, although they will consume tankmates, even quite large ones. Some aquarists, by contrast, see the lack of activity to be a drawback to keeping wobbegongs and prefer more active sharks. Wobbegongs are
{"datasets_id": 161032, "wiki_id": "Q1502132", "sp": 14, "sc": 637, "ep": 14, "ec": 854}
161,032
Q1502132
14
637
14
854
Wobbegong
Captivity
largely nocturnal and, due to their slow metabolism, do not have to be fed as often as other sharks. Most do well on two feedings weekly. Underfed wobbegongs can be recognised by visibly atrophied dorsal musculature.
{"datasets_id": 161033, "wiki_id": "Q8031944", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 628}
161,033
Q8031944
2
0
4
628
Wondoola
Wondoola Wondoola or Wondoola Station, often misspelt as Woondoola, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station. It is located about 102 kilometres (63 mi) south of Normanton and 148 kilometres (92 mi) west of Croydon in Queensland. The property occupies an area of 2,525 square kilometres (975 sq mi) of Queensland's Gulf country and is able to carry a herd of approximately 23,000 cattle. It is currently owned by the Australian Agricultural Company. The property takes its name from Wondoola Creek, a tributary of the Saxby River, both of which run through the property. The Saxby provides 24 miles (39 km) of double
{"datasets_id": 161033, "wiki_id": "Q8031944", "sp": 4, "sc": 628, "ep": 4, "ec": 1248}
161,033
Q8031944
4
628
4
1,248
Wondoola
frontage to Wondoola then goes on to flow into the Flinders River to which the station has a 33 miles (53 km) frontage. These watercourses offer permanent waterholes available to stock. The station was established prior to 1880 but was advertised in February of that year to be auctioned in April. At that time, the property adjoined Iffley, Taldora, Tempe Downs and other well known properties. The station was grazing sheep and had a flock of approximately 5,300 grazing its seven blocks of fine rolling downs and open plains country, alternating with sound well-grassed sand ridges and having a total area of
{"datasets_id": 161033, "wiki_id": "Q8031944", "sp": 4, "sc": 1248, "ep": 4, "ec": 1858}
161,033
Q8031944
4
1,248
4
1,858
Wondoola
294 square miles (761 km²). The plains were clothed in Mitchell grass, blue grass and had an abundance of saltbush and other herbage. The homestead, plant, stores and 20 horses were included in the property. By 1891 the property was owned by Messrs Haydon and Loughnan and was carrying about 7,000 head of cattle amongst which there were many well known Lee bulls. The area suffered from a tick plague amongst the cattle in 1895. At least 1,200 bullocks were infested and suffering from tick fever, they were cut from the herd, inoculated and square tailed and sent off to Cunnamulla. About 30
{"datasets_id": 161033, "wiki_id": "Q8031944", "sp": 4, "sc": 1858, "ep": 4, "ec": 2455}
161,033
Q8031944
4
1,858
4
2,455
Wondoola
stragglers died from tick fever or pleuropneumonia. In January 1903, the station was sold along with Vena Park station to Messrs Collins and sons. In June of the same year, the property was taken over by the Queensland National Bank who promptly sold it to D. C. McConnell and sons for an undisclosed price. They onsold the property almost immediately to Mr Alison, a squatter from New South Wales, for a large profit. The station had between 12,000 and 13,000 cattle on it at the time. An aircraft landing ground was built at the property in 1941 for landing RAAF aircraft during
{"datasets_id": 161033, "wiki_id": "Q8031944", "sp": 4, "sc": 2455, "ep": 4, "ec": 2947}
161,033
Q8031944
4
2,455
4
2,947
Wondoola
World War II. While landing occurred infrequently, no RAAF unit was ever quartered in the area. The property was managed for AACo. by Henry Burke from 1988 to 1997; he then took on the much larger Brunette Downs Station in the Northern Territory. Both Wondoola and Canobie Station are being explored for nickel deposits by a joint partnership between Anglo American and Falcon minerals. The development is known as the Saxby project and further drilling was to occur in 2009.
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 621}
161,034
Q24041330
2
0
6
621
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
Woolloongabba Police Station History Completed in 1913, the two storeyed masonry building with basement, was the third police station in Woolloongabba. The first police station in Woolloongabba was established in a rented house on Stanley Street, near Boggo Road (now Annerley Road). By 1888, the substantial population growth in Woolloongabba and surrounding suburbs meant the station facilities were no longer adequate, and the police station was removed to a rented house on Ipswich Road, near the Woolloongabba Fiveways. A lock-up facility was built in the yard of the house, and two years later, the adjacent house was used for accommodation. By
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 621, "ep": 6, "ec": 1235}
161,034
Q24041330
6
621
6
1,235
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
1910, the needs of the station had again outgrown the building, and approval was given for the erection of a new police station in Woolloongabba. A portion (adjacent to a former Quarry Reserve) of the Woolloongabba Park Reserve facing Main Street was set apart as a Police Reserve thereby avoiding the need for the Government to purchase land for the new station. The design for the new building was prepared in 1911; AB Brady being Government Architect at the time. The contract sum for the building, which was completed and occupied in 1913, was £4,539. Woolloongabba Police Station was one of a
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 1235, "ep": 6, "ec": 1915}
161,034
Q24041330
6
1,235
6
1,915
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
series of substantial two storeyed buildings erected as police stations during the early twentieth century. In addition to Woolloongabba, these included stations at Warwick (1901) (as part of the Warwick Court House) Maryborough (1907), Charters Towers Police Station (1911), Cairns (1912), Townsville (1914) and Kedron (1916). The plan of the Woolloongabba station and these other stations followed a generally similar pattern, with a vertical division of the building into a two storeyed residence for the senior commanding officer, and attached two storeyed barracks including dayroom and mess for the constables. The dayroom was generally the base for the station operations.
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 1915, "ep": 6, "ec": 2580}
161,034
Q24041330
6
1,915
6
2,580
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
This design reflected the contemporary mode of policing, whereby duty for constables generally involved patrolling the beat on foot and pursuing inquiries. Patrols were undertaken throughout 24 hours, divided into three eight-hour shifts, and the main function of the station was therefore to provide accommodation for police officers. Four cells were provided in the basement of Woolloongabba police station. Electric lights were installed at the station in 1925, and the station was connected to sewage in 1926. In 1928, a dining room for constables was added to the rear of the station. In 1934 a Headquarters for the South Coast Police District
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 2580, "ep": 6, "ec": 3299}
161,034
Q24041330
6
2,580
6
3,299
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
was needed, and the South Brisbane and Woolloongabba police buildings were the two possible locations. Woolloongabba was chosen, as it was considered to be the most central site, particularly with the anticipated opening of the Story Bridge, and had vacant land available for future development. The South Coast Police District covered approximately 2060 square miles. The conversion of the Woolloongabba station into the district Headquarters demanded additional office accommodation, and it was considered that the rooms occupied by the Senior Sergeant could provide suitable additional office accommodation. The Senior Sergeant vacated his quarters at the station in October 1934. Major additions to
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 3299, "ep": 6, "ec": 3929}
161,034
Q24041330
6
3,299
6
3,929
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
the station were undertaken in 1936. Completed the following year at an authorised cost of £9,555, this work comprised additions to the north and south ends of the existing building, an additional three-storey brick building at the rear of the existing one, also brick garage building, fences, etc. The building at the rear of the station was connected to the existing building by gangways at each floor level, and provided additional living and recreational facilities for the police. Concreting of the station yard and other similar projects were undertaken the following year, using day labour. The Police Reserve was extended
{"datasets_id": 161034, "wiki_id": "Q24041330", "sp": 6, "sc": 3929, "ep": 6, "ec": 4540}
161,034
Q24041330
6
3,929
6
4,540
Woolloongabba Police Station
History
to the north, to include a former Quarry Reserve at the corner of Main and Vulture Streets. One of the requirements of the new Headquarters was the inclusion of a room for police to administer relief work, a government program instituted under the Income (Unemployment Relief) Act (1930) to reduce unemployment. On completion of the additions in 1937, rooms were provided in the basement for a Relief Office, records and public counter. The work also included the formation of an assembly yard for relief workers at the northern end of the station, adjacent to the Relief Office. Relief labour was used