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{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 157, "ep": 10, "ec": 750} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 157 | 10 | 750 | Time Lord | Overview | not being Earth, was not named. In The War Games (1969), the Doctor's people appeared, who from then on are known as a race called Time Lords, and in Spearhead from Space (1970), the Doctor's earlier description of himself as a human is retconned when the Third Doctor explicitly states that he is not human. In The Time Warrior (1973–74), the name of the Doctor's home planet, Gallifrey, was revealed on screen for the first time. The nature and history of the Time Lords were gradually revealed as the television programme progressed.
The Time Lords are considered one of the oldest |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 750, "ep": 10, "ec": 1359} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 750 | 10 | 1,359 | Time Lord | Overview | and most technologically powerful races in the Doctor Who universe. In The Time Warrior, the Time Lords are characterised by Sontaran military intelligence, quoted by Commander Linx, as "A race of great technical achievement, but lacking the morale to withstand a determined assault." The Tenth Doctor says in "The Sound of Drums" (2007) that they are "the oldest and most mighty race in the universe". In "The Witch's Familiar" (2015), Davros mentions a prophecy on the Doctor's world that spoke of a hybrid made up of "two great warrior races forced together to create a warrior greater than either", which |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 1359, "ep": 10, "ec": 1953} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 1,359 | 10 | 1,953 | Time Lord | Overview | is "half-Dalek, half-Time Lord", while in "Hell Bent" (2015), the General, while describing the prophecy of the Hybrid, mentions the Time Lords as one of two warrior races along with the Daleks. In "Before the Flood" (2015), the Fisher King describes the Time Lords as "Cowardly, vain curators, who suddenly remembered they had teeth, and became the most warlike race in the galaxy." In the very distant past, the Time Lords fought a genocidal war against the Great Vampires, which led to such a catastrophic loss of life that the Time Lords renounced violence. In some spinoff media, the Time |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 1953, "ep": 10, "ec": 2547} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 1,953 | 10 | 2,547 | Time Lord | Overview | Lords are also allied with less developed "Temporal Powers". In The War Games, the Second Doctor mentions that the Time Lords' "great powers" are hardly ever used due to their policy of non-intervention into the affairs of other planets, and that they instead observe and gather knowledge. Because of this, holding a trial is a "very rare" event for the Time Lords. Exceptions to this policy are made only in extreme circumstances when they feel they have to, such as where the Doctor calls them for help in the serial.
At the start of the 2005 television series, Gallifrey was thought |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 2547, "ep": 10, "ec": 3089} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 2,547 | 10 | 3,089 | Time Lord | Overview | to have been destroyed and the Time Lords functionally extinct as a result of a mutually destructive Time War with the Dalek race; the Ninth Doctor describes his planet as "just rocks and dust" in "The End of the World" (2005), and mentions in "Dalek" (2005) that the Time Lords "burnt" with the Daleks at the end of the "Last Great Time War", and the Tenth Doctor tells the Master in "The Sound of Drums" (2007) that the Time Lords are "dead" and "[a]ll [they've] got is each other." The Doctor describes himself as the last of his kind and |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 3089, "ep": 10, "ec": 3713} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 3,089 | 10 | 3,713 | Time Lord | Overview | his planet burnt on numerous other occasions, as do other individuals, such as the Krillitane Mr Finch in "School Reunion" (2006).
In "Father's Day" (2005), the Ninth Doctor remarks that before Time Lords were "all gone", they would have prevented or repaired paradoxes such as that which attracted the Reapers to 1987 Earth.
In "Rise of the Cybermen" (2006), the Tenth Doctor mentions, "When the Time Lords kept their eye on everything, you could pop between realities, home in time for tea. Then they died, and took it all with them. Walls of reality closed, the worlds were sealed. Everything became that |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 3713, "ep": 10, "ec": 4339} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 3,713 | 10 | 4,339 | Time Lord | Overview | bit less kind." In "The Satan Pit" (2006), the Tenth Doctor states that his people "practically invented black holes. Well, in fact, they did." Both the Beast (in "The Satan Pit") and the Doctor (in "The Sound of Drums" and "The Doctor's Wife", 2011) believe the Doctor ended the War by killing all of the Time Lords and many of the Daleks.
The Tenth Doctor's artificially created "daughter" Jenny is speculated by Donna Noble in "The Doctor's Daughter" (2008) to be a surviving Time Lord, though the Doctor initially rejects the suggestion.
Two other Time Lord-like beings appeared in "Journey's End" (2008): |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 4339, "ep": 10, "ec": 4929} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 4,339 | 10 | 4,929 | Time Lord | Overview | Donna, briefly empowered with the mind and knowledge of a Time Lord, and a half-human clone of the Tenth Doctor. Donna's memories related to the Doctor, as well as her Time Lord knowledge, are buried in order to save her life, while the clone lives out his existence in a parallel universe with Rose Tyler.
The End of Time (2009–10) shows the High Council of Time Lords, led by Lord President Rassilon, attempting to escape the Time War by materialising Gallifrey in the place of Earth at Christmas. However, the Tenth Doctor destroys the device which allows their passage into the |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 4929, "ep": 10, "ec": 5531} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 4,929 | 10 | 5,531 | Time Lord | Overview | present, sending them back into the events of the Time War.
During the episode "The Doctor's Wife" it is revealed that several Time Lords and their TARDISes had been trapped and destroyed by an entity called House who lived in a separate bubble universe.
In "A Good Man Goes to War" (2011), it is revealed that the daughter of Amy Pond and Rory Williams, Melody Pond, who later goes by her transliterated name "River Song", has been born with Time Lord-like genetic traits. An old acquaintance of the Doctor's, Madame Vastra, reminds the Doctor that the Time Lord race developed due to |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 5531, "ep": 10, "ec": 6117} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 5,531 | 10 | 6,117 | Time Lord | Overview | their billions of years' exposure to the time vortex. The Doctor then recalls that Rory and Amy had spent their wedding night in the TARDIS; therefore it is theorised by Vastra that River's conception mirrored that of the Time Lords' genesis and therefore she herself developed Time Lord genetic characteristics.
In "The Night of the Doctor" (2013), it is shown that the Eighth Doctor regenerates into the War Doctor to fight in the Time War. Many years later, as shown during "The Day of the Doctor" (2013) and also described by the Partisan in The End of Time, the War Doctor |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 6117, "ep": 10, "ec": 6695} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 6,117 | 10 | 6,695 | Time Lord | Overview | originally planned to use a Time Lord weapon known as the Moment to destroy the Time Lords and Daleks. However, after being shown the Tenth and Eleventh Doctors during "The Day of the Doctor", he works together with them to change the assumed outcome of the Time War: thirteen incarnations of the Doctor team up together to freeze Gallifrey in time and place it outside of their universe, protecting it and the remaining Time Lords while the Daleks destroy themselves in their own crossfire once Gallifrey was gone. The War Doctor does not retain the memory of these events and |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 6695, "ep": 10, "ec": 7286} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 6,695 | 10 | 7,286 | Time Lord | Overview | spends centuries believing he burnt Gallifrey until the Eleventh Doctor's time because of the time streams being out of sync after meeting his future selves. Indeed, earlier on in the episode, both the Tenth and the Eleventh Doctors mistakenly believe that the War Doctor killed all of the Time Lords on the last day of the Time War. After being informed that the plan to save Gallifrey is successful, the Eleventh Doctor has now set out to find Gallifrey and restore the Time Lords.
In "The Time of the Doctor," the Doctor visits the planet Trenzalore where he discovers a question |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 7286, "ep": 10, "ec": 7846} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 7,286 | 10 | 7,846 | Time Lord | Overview | being broadcast through all of time and space through a crack in the universe: "Doctor Who?" The Doctor realizes that the Time Lords are attempting to return to the universe and will come back if he speaks his true name. Due to "half the universe" surrounding Trenzalore, a siege begins that lasts centuries as the Doctor knows that if the Time Lords return, the Time War will begin anew. With the Doctor on the verge of death, Clara Oswald pleads with the Time Lords through the crack to intervene and save the Doctor. Through the crack, the Time Lords grant |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 10, "sc": 7846, "ep": 14, "ec": 127} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 10 | 7,846 | 14 | 127 | Time Lord | Overview & Physical characteristics | the Doctor a new regeneration cycle, saving his life before sealing the crack again.
In "Hell Bent" (2015), it is revealed that Gallifrey returned to the universe around the time of its end. After escaping his confession dial in "Heaven Sent" (2015), still furious over the death of Clara Oswald in "Face the Raven" (2015), the Doctor manages to depose Rassilon—who had put the Doctor there to begin with for questioning—and exile him in "Hell Bent" before running off again. Physical characteristics Time Lords and human beings look alike, however they differ in many respects. Physiological differences from humans include two |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 127, "ep": 14, "ec": 728} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 127 | 14 | 728 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | hearts which normally beat at 170 beats per minute, an internal body temperature of 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) and a "respiratory bypass system" that allows them to survive strangulation. The Twelfth Doctor was able to survive direct exposure to the vacuum of space in Oxygen. Time Lords also seem to have an increased resilience to higher frequencies of sound, as seen in "The Christmas Invasion" and "Partners in Crime". If severely injured, Time Lords can go into a healing coma which lowers their body temperature to below freezing which the Doctor did in Planet of the Daleks. In |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 728, "ep": 14, "ec": 1258} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 728 | 14 | 1,258 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | the serial Destiny of the Daleks, Romana was able to voluntarily stop both of her hearts beating, to fool the Daleks into believing that she was dead. The Doctor also shows a greater tolerance to cold compared to humans in The Seeds of Doom and "Planet of the Ood" and even Romana in The Ribos Operation, and in "42", the Tenth Doctor states he is able to survive at absolute zero for a short period of time. In "World War Three", the Doctor is able to shake off an electrocution attempt which is fatal to a number of humans, and |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 1258, "ep": 14, "ec": 1865} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 1,258 | 14 | 1,865 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | appears unaffected by the energy whip wielded by the Sycorax in "The Christmas Invasion". In "Smith and Jones" the Tenth Doctor says that the radiation given off by X-rays pose no real threat to Time Lords, and proceeds to absorb an amount that would be lethal to a human, which he subsequently expels through his foot. The End of Time shows the Tenth Doctor as being capable of surviving (for a short period) a massive burst of radiation that would have killed anything else instantly. However, the radiation burst caused enough damage to start a regeneration.
Time Lords are extremely long-lived, |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 1865, "ep": 14, "ec": 2452} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 1,865 | 14 | 2,452 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | routinely counting their ages in terms of centuries; the Second Doctor claimed in The War Games that Time Lords could live "practically forever, barring accidents." The series has suggested that Time Lords have a different concept of ageing from humans. In Pyramids of Mars, the Fourth Doctor considers an age of 750 years to be "middle-aged". In "The Stolen Earth", the Tenth Doctor refers to when his original incarnation was a "kid" at 90 years old. However, within a specific incarnation, a Time Lord is able to age, albeit much more slowly than a human. The War Doctor and Eleventh |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 2452, "ep": 14, "ec": 3030} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 2,452 | 14 | 3,030 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | Doctor, over the course of the Last Great Time War and the Battle of Trenzalore, respectively, are seen to age within their respective incarnations to what would appear to a human to be old age; both conflicts are suggested within the series to last hundreds if not thousands of Earth years.
In The Daleks' Master Plan, the First Doctor is able to resist the effects of the Time Destructor better than his companions, who are visibly aged by it; one of them, Sara Kingdom, ages to dust before the Destructor device can be reversed. The Fourth Doctor is briefly aged 500 |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 3030, "ep": 14, "ec": 3656} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 3,030 | 14 | 3,656 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | years in The Leisure Hive, leaving him an old man but still active. A similar situation occurred in "The Sound of Drums", where the Master uses specially made technology to age the Tenth Doctor by a century, leaving him in a frail and helpless state. A further application of this technology in the following episode, "Last of the Time Lords", suspends the Doctor's capacity to regenerate, showing the effects of 900 years of life without regeneration.
In The Two Doctors, the Second Doctor states that the "Rassilon Imprimatur" allows Time Lords to safely travel through time, becoming symbionts with their TARDISes, |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 3656, "ep": 14, "ec": 4240} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 3,656 | 14 | 4,240 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | and that the reason other species are incapable of developing time travel is that they lack the imprimatur. However, he implies later that he was lying about at least some of this information to mislead the Sontarans. At the beginning of The Trial of a Time Lord, the Sixth Doctor suggests that a number of elder Time Lords were able to use their combined mental energy to summon his TARDIS against his will.
Time Lords can survive, but not function properly, without two hearts. In "The Shakespeare Code", the Tenth Doctor has only one heart working. He knows this and tries |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 4240, "ep": 14, "ec": 4850} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 4,240 | 14 | 4,850 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | and fails to stand up, until both of them start working again. Also, in "The Power of Three", after a massive electric current is passed through the Eleventh Doctor, he is left with only one heart in working condition and is unable to carry on for a long period of time.
In "The Unicorn and the Wasp", the Tenth Doctor is able to overcome the effects of cyanide by "stimulating the inhibited enzymes into reversal", a process he referred to as going through "detox".
In the episode "Cold Blood", the Eleventh Doctor experiences excruciating pain when the Silurian attempts to decontaminate him |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 4850, "ep": 14, "ec": 5464} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 4,850 | 14 | 5,464 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics | of surface bacteria. The Doctor states this would kill him, most likely due to the scanners being programmed to "detox" humans and therefore being unaware of what elements the Doctor requires.
A Time Lord is able to conceal their Time Lord nature, and become a human, by using the Chameleon Arch – a device that stores their "essence" and memories in an innocuous device such as a fob watch, and replaces them with false counterparts until the object is later re-opened. The process allows them to disguise themselves as humans physiologically and psychologically, meaning they only have one heart and are |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 14, "sc": 5464, "ep": 18, "ec": 269} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 14 | 5,464 | 18 | 269 | Time Lord | Physical characteristics & Mental powers | stripped of non-human powers, and of any memory of having been a Time Lord. This story element was notably featured in Series 3; the Doctor uses it to hide himself from the Family of Blood and becomes a schoolteacher in Edwardian England. His nemesis the Master used it to disguise himself as a human to escape the Time War. Mental powers Time Lords can communicate by telepathy, and can link their minds to share information and enhance their powers. In Castrovalva, the Doctor activates the TARDIS' Zero Room mentally. Additionally, both the Doctor and the Master demonstrate significant hypnotic abilities |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 269, "ep": 18, "ec": 822} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 269 | 18 | 822 | Time Lord | Mental powers | which may be supplemented by their telepathic abilities.
These powers were elaborated upon from 2005. The Eleventh Doctor is seen using this method to query a cat about the goings-on of the flat in "The Lodger". In "A Good Man Goes to War" and "Closing Time" he is apparently able to even understand babies, as well as horses in "A Town Called Mercy". In "The Girl in the Fireplace", the Tenth Doctor reads the mind of Madame de Pompadour—and in the process, to his surprise, she is able to read his mind as well. In Paul Cornell's Virgin New |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 822, "ep": 18, "ec": 1399} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 822 | 18 | 1,399 | Time Lord | Mental powers | Adventures novel Love and War, the Doctor uses a similar method to read the mind of his companion Bernice Summerfield. In The End of Time, the Master uses the same technique, allowing the Tenth Doctor to hear the drumming sound the Master constantly hears. The Doctor later displays his telepathic communion powers in "Fear Her" and in "The Shakespeare Code", where by using his mind melding technique he is partially able to relieve a man of his mental illness as he traces back through his memories. In "Planet of the Ood", the Tenth Doctor seems able to temporarily confer |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 1399, "ep": 18, "ec": 2005} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 1,399 | 18 | 2,005 | Time Lord | Mental powers | some degree of telepathy on his companion Donna Noble, so that she can hear the telepathic song of the Ood. When she is unable to bear the song, the Doctor removes the ability. This telepathic ability is also extended to other alien species to some extent. In the same episode, he is able to "hear" the Ood's telepathic song where the humans could not.
In "The Lodger", the Eleventh Doctor (pressed for time and needing to convey a great deal of information to someone) smashed his forehead into another person's forehead, causing a massive instantaneous transfer of information. He then commented |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 2005, "ep": 18, "ec": 2605} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 2,005 | 18 | 2,605 | Time Lord | Mental powers | that was just the general background, then repeats the action to transfer further information pertinent to the episode.
The Doctor also contacts the Time Lords by going into a trance and creating an assembling box in The War Games. In The Two Doctors, the Doctor engages in astral projection, but warns that if he is disturbed while doing so, his mind could become severed from his body and he could die. In "Last of the Time Lords", the Doctor telepathically interfaces with a network tapped into the human population who collectively chant his name. The focus of psychic energy granted the |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 2605, "ep": 18, "ec": 3214} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 2,605 | 18 | 3,214 | Time Lord | Mental powers | Doctor the ability to de-age himself, float through the air, deflect shots from the Master's laser screwdriver, and telekinetically disarm the Master.
In addition, Time Lords may be clairvoyant, or have additional time-related senses. In The Time Monster, and Invasion of the Dinosaurs, the Third Doctor is able to resist fields of slow time, being able to move through them even though others are paralysed. In City of Death, both the Fourth Doctor and Romana notice distortions and jumps in time that no one else does. In the 2010 episode "The Lodger", the Eleventh Doctor is the only one to notice |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 3214, "ep": 18, "ec": 3764} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 3,214 | 18 | 3,764 | Time Lord | Mental powers | (and remain free of) the time loops caused by the activation of the Time Engine.
In the 2005 series, the Ninth Doctor claims that he can sense the movement of the Earth through space as well as being able to perceive the past and all possible futures. He is also able to concentrate and time his motions well enough to step safely through the blades of a rapidly spinning fan, and later claims that if any Time Lords still existed, he would be able to sense them. As the Tenth Doctor he repeats this assertion, adding also that he is somehow |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 3764, "ep": 18, "ec": 4336} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 3,764 | 18 | 4,336 | Time Lord | Mental powers | innately able to sense which events in time are 'fixed' and which are in 'flux'. The Eleventh Doctor slightly amends what was said earlier in "The Doctor's Wife", saying that he could only sense if there were other Time Lords in this universe. In the original series episode Warriors' Gate, Romana is called a 'time-sensitive' by a marauding slaver and, though she seems to deny this, is able to interface with his spaceship in ways that only a 'time-sensitive' is supposed to be able to. In "Utopia", the Tenth Doctor states that he finds it difficult to look at Captain |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 4336, "ep": 18, "ec": 4914} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 4,336 | 18 | 4,914 | Time Lord | Mental powers | Jack Harkness because Jack's existence has become fixed in time and space.
In the Series 4 episode "Journey's End", the Tenth Doctor was shown to use his telepathic abilities to wipe Donna Noble's mind of certain memories, specifically the memories of her travels in the TARDIS and to 'implant' a defence mechanism which is activated in The End of Time. The War Games showed that other Time Lords are also able to erase people's memories, as in that story, Jamie and Zoe's travels with the Doctor were erased from their memory, and the council of Time Lords also put a |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 18, "sc": 4914, "ep": 22, "ec": 232} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 18 | 4,914 | 22 | 232 | Time Lord | Mental powers & Culture and society | memory block on the Doctor so he could not pilot the TARDIS. In the Series 5 episode "The Big Bang" the Doctor telepathically left a message in Amy Pond's head before sealing her into the Pandorica so that she would know what was happening when she woke up.
Time Lords, or at least the Doctor, can read extremely quickly. Culture and society The Time Lord homeworld, Gallifrey, is an Earth-like planet in the fictional constellation of Kasterborous. Its capital city is referred to as the Citadel, and contains the Capitol, the seat of Time Lord government. At the centre of |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 232, "ep": 22, "ec": 864} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 232 | 22 | 864 | Time Lord | Culture and society | the Capitol is the Panopticon, beneath which is the Eye of Harmony. Outside the Capitol lie wastelands where the "Outsiders", Time Lords who have dropped out of Time Lord society, live in less technologically advanced communities, shunning life in the cities as revealed in The Invasion of Time. The Outsiders have often been equated with the "Shobogans", a group mentioned briefly in The Deadly Assassin as being responsible for acts of vandalism around the Panopticon, but there is actually nothing on screen that explicitly connects the two.
Romana and the Doctor have also referred to "Time Tots", or infant Time Lords, |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 864, "ep": 22, "ec": 1460} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 864 | 22 | 1,460 | Time Lord | Culture and society | and (in "Smith and Jones") the Doctor refers his compatriots and he playing "with Röntgen bricks in the nursery". In "The Sound of Drums", the Master is seen as a child, apparently at the age of 8.
In general, the Time Lords are an aloof people, with a society full of pomp and ceremony. The Doctor has observed that his people "enjoy making speeches" and have an "infinite capacity for pretension". The Time Lord penchant for ceremony extends to their technology, with various artefacts given weighty names like the Hand of Omega, the Eye of Harmony and the Key of Rassilon.
The |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 1460, "ep": 22, "ec": 2073} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 1,460 | 22 | 2,073 | Time Lord | Culture and society | Sixth Doctor has also characterised the Time Lords as a stagnant and corrupt society, a state caused by ten million years of absolute power. Sutekh the Osiran decries them as "a perfidious species," while Brother Lassar, in the episode "School Reunion", describes the Time Lords as "a pompous race" of "ancient, dusty senators... frightened of change and chaos" and "peaceful to the point of indolence". Their portrayal in the series is reminiscent of academics living in ivory towers, unconcerned with external affairs. The Doctor states that the Time Lords were sworn never to interfere, only to watch. It has |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 2073, "ep": 22, "ec": 2718} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 2,073 | 22 | 2,718 | Time Lord | Culture and society | been suggested that, since perfecting the science of time travel, they have withdrawn, bound by the moral complexity of interfering in the natural flow of history; in Earthshock, the Cyberleader, when notified of the arrival of a TARDIS, is surprised at the presence of a Time Lord, stating "they are forbidden to interfere". In The Two Doctors, it is suggested that Time Lords are responsible for maintaining a general balance of power between the races of the Universe.
While interference is apparently against Time Lord policy, there are occasions when they do intervene, albeit indirectly through their CIA or Celestial Intervention |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 2718, "ep": 22, "ec": 3312} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 2,718 | 22 | 3,312 | Time Lord | Culture and society | Agency. The CIA has occasionally sent the Doctor on missions that required plausible deniability, as in The Two Doctors, and sometimes against his will, as in Colony in Space and The Monster of Peladon. He is also sent on a mission in The Mutants which was intended to help preserve the existence of a unique race, which was being destroyed by the excesses of the Earth empire. The Doctor's mission in Genesis of the Daleks even involves changing history to avert the creation of the Daleks, or at least temper their aggressiveness.
Children of Gallifrey are taken from their families |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 3312, "ep": 22, "ec": 3895} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 3,312 | 22 | 3,895 | Time Lord | Culture and society | at the age of 8 and admitted into the Academy. Novices are then taken to an initiation ceremony before the Untempered Schism, a gap in the fabric of reality that looks into the time vortex. Of those that stare into it, some are inspired, some run away and others go mad. The Doctor suggests that the Master went mad, while admitting that he ran away.
Each Time Lord belongs to one of a number of various colleges or chapters, such as the Patrexes, Arcalian, and the Prydonian chapters, which have ceremonial and possibly political significance. In The Deadly Assassin, it is |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 3895, "ep": 22, "ec": 4560} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 3,895 | 22 | 4,560 | Time Lord | Culture and society | explained that each chapter has its own colours; the Prydonians wear scarlet and orange, the Arcalians wear green, and the Patrexeans wear heliotrope. However, in that same serial, Cardinal Borusa, described as "the leader of the Prydonian chapter", wears heliotrope. Other Prydonians wear orange headdresses with orange-brown (not scarlet) robes. Other chapters mentioned in spin-off novels include the Dromeian and Cerulean chapters. The Prydonian chapter has a reputation for being devious, and tends to produce renegades; the Doctor, the Master and the Rani are all Prydonians. The colleges of the Academy are led by the Cardinals. Ushers, who provide security |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 4560, "ep": 22, "ec": 5214} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 4,560 | 22 | 5,214 | Time Lord | Culture and society | and assistance at official Time Lord functions, may belong to any chapter, and wear all-gold uniforms. Also mentioned in The Deadly Assassin are 'plebeian classes'.
The executive political leadership is split between the Lord President, who keeps the ceremonial relics of the Time Lords, and the Chancellor, who appears to be the administrative leader of the Cardinals and who acts as a check on the power of the Lord President. The President is an elected position; on Presidential Resignation Day, the outgoing President usually names his successor, who is then usually confirmed in a non-contested "election", but it is still constitutionally |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 5214, "ep": 22, "ec": 5812} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 5,214 | 22 | 5,812 | Time Lord | Culture and society | possible for another candidate to put themselves forward for the post, as the Doctor did in The Deadly Assassin. In that story, the Presidency was described as a largely ceremonial role, but in The Invasion of Time the orders of the office were to be obeyed without question. In the event the current Lord President is unable to name a successor, the council can appoint a President to take his place. In The Five Doctors, the council appoints the Doctor as president after Borusa is imprisoned by Rassilon, and later deposed him after he neglected his duties.
The President and Chancellor |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 22, "sc": 5812, "ep": 26, "ec": 87} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 22 | 5,812 | 26 | 87 | Time Lord | Culture and society & Technology | also sit on the Time Lord High Council, akin to a legislative body, composed variously of Councillors and more senior Cardinals. Also on the High Council is the Castellan of the Chancellery Guard, in charge of the security of the Citadel, whom the Doctor has referred to as the leader of a trumped-up palace guard. According to the constitution, if while in emergency session the other members of the High Council are in unanimous agreement, even the President's orders can be overruled. Technology The Moment was claimed by the Time Lords to be the most powerful weapon in the Universe |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 87, "ep": 26, "ec": 645} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 87 | 26 | 645 | Time Lord | Technology | and capable of destroying entire galaxies. The Moment was locked in Gallifrey's Time Vaults, specifically in the Omega Arsenal. The Moment is so powerful that the weapon's operating system became sentient, leading the Time Lords to wonder "How do you use a weapon when it can stand in judgement of you?" and that "only one man would be mad enough to try it". In the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor", the War Doctor breaks into the Omega Arsenal, steals the Moment and is about to destroy both Time Lords and Daleks alike to stop the Time War |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 645, "ep": 26, "ec": 1264} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 645 | 26 | 1,264 | Time Lord | Technology | before the Moment engineers a meeting with his succeeding regenerations to convince him otherwise.
Another impressive example of Time Lord technology is the Eye of Harmony, a repurposed black hole singularity contained within the instrumentality below the Panopticon. This is the source of their power and the anchor of the Web of Time itself, created by Rassilon and the co-founders of Time Lord society in the distant past. The Time Lords were accomplished stellar engineers and could control the development of stars with devices like the Hand of Omega, which was shown to be capable of forcing a star to go |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 1264, "ep": 26, "ec": 1892} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 1,264 | 26 | 1,892 | Time Lord | Technology | supernova. The Eye of Harmony exists within the Doctor's TARDIS as a collapsing star suspended in a permanent state of decay, hence harnessing the potential energy of a collapse that would never occur. Whether these are all aspects of the Eye of Harmony on Gallifrey or individual stars in their own right is not made clear on screen.
Paradoxically, although the Time Lords are a scientifically and technologically advanced race, the civilisation is so old that key pieces of their technology have become shrouded in legend and myth. In the spin-off fiction, an edict and general aversion against exploring Gallifrey's |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 1892, "ep": 26, "ec": 2499} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 1,892 | 26 | 2,499 | Time Lord | Technology | past also contributes to this. Accordingly, until the Master rediscovers it, the Time Lords forgot that the location of the Eye of Harmony is beneath their capital. They also treated such ceremonial symbols as the Key and Sash of Rassilon as mere historical curiosities, being unaware of their true function.
In the revived series, there were instances in which evil alien species have stolen Time Lord technology for their own purposes but such is its complexity that they are unable to operate it, as illustrated in "Doomsday" when the Genesis Ark was stolen by the Daleks and even they could not |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 2499, "ep": 26, "ec": 3092} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 2,499 | 26 | 3,092 | Time Lord | Technology | open it. Furthermore, the Genesis Ark was just one Time Lord prison that held millions of Daleks, demonstrating "bigger on the inside than it is on the outside" Time Lord technology. The classic series also makes reference to the inability of other races to successfully use Time Lord technology, with The Two Doctors stating that even if a race managed to copy and build their own TARDISes, they would be ripped apart by the molecular stresses of time travel as all TARDISes have a fail-deadly approach to unauthorised use unless primed with a Rassilon Imprimatur, creating a symbiotic link |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 3092, "ep": 26, "ec": 3746} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 3,092 | 26 | 3,746 | Time Lord | Technology | to a specific Time Lord.
The great defence system of Gallifrey is a quantum forcefield known as the Transduction Barrier, a perfect defence shield preventing all matter and energy, even TARDISes, from passing through without authorisation. The Time Lords are further protected by phasing the entire region around Gallifrey into a temporal domain known as Inner Time, effectively separating the homeworld from interaction with the rest of the Universe. During the final hours of the Time War, the High Council of Gallifrey refer to defenses called 'Sky Trenches' which appear to be at least somewhat effective against invading Daleks and/or their |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 3746, "ep": 26, "ec": 4335} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 3,746 | 26 | 4,335 | Time Lord | Technology | ships, as seen in "The Day of the Doctor".
TARDISes are characterised not just by their ability to travel in time, but also their dimensionally transcendent nature. A TARDIS' interior spaces exist in a different dimension from its exterior, allowing it to appear to be bigger on the inside. The Doctor states that transdimensional engineering was a key Time Lord discovery in The Robots of Death. In the Ninth and Tenth Doctors' episodes, the TARDIS has an organic look, and the Doctor states in "The Impossible Planet" that TARDISes are grown, not made. It is seen in "The Name |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 4335, "ep": 26, "ec": 4991} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 4,335 | 26 | 4,991 | Time Lord | Technology | of the Doctor" that as a TARDIS dies, its 'dimension dams' can break down causing a 'size leak' wherein the exterior dimensions of a TARDIS begin to expand to match its inner dimensions.
Fitting their generally defensive nature, Time Lord weapons technology is rarely seen, other than the staser hand weapons used by the Guard within the Capitol. Stasers (possibly a portmanteau of stunner and laser, as they are used to stun targets) can be lethal energy weapons, specifically designed to prevent the unwanted regeneration of rogue Time Lords; staser beams also shatter the crystalline structure of non-organic targets.
Standard TARDISes |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 4991, "ep": 26, "ec": 5632} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 4,991 | 26 | 5,632 | Time Lord | Technology | do not generally seem to use any on-board weaponry, although War or Battle TARDISes (armed with "time torpedoes" that freeze their target in time) have appeared in the spin-off media. In the novels, the Eighth Doctor's companion Compassion, a living TARDIS, has enough firepower to annihilate other TARDISes. In the serial Castrovalva, the Master's TARDIS is equipped with an energy field that he uses to temporarily disable or stun several human security guards outside the vessel.
One exception to the Time Lords' defensive weaponry is the de-mat gun (or dematerialisation gun). The de-mat gun is a weapon of mass destruction that |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 5632, "ep": 26, "ec": 6179} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 5,632 | 26 | 6,179 | Time Lord | Technology | removes its target from space-time altogether, as seen in The Invasion of Time. The de-mat gun was created in Rassilon's time and is a closely guarded secret; the knowledge to create one is kept in the Matrix and is available only to the President. To make sure this knowledge is not abused, the only way to arm a de-mat gun is by means of the Great Key of Rassilon, whose location is only known to the Chancellor. As a means of extreme sanction, the Time Lords have also been known to place whole planets into time-loops, isolating them from the |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 6179, "ep": 26, "ec": 6748} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 6,179 | 26 | 6,748 | Time Lord | Technology | universe in one repeating moment of time as well as hurling planets from one galaxy to another using a weapon referred only as a magnetron in The Trial of a Time Lord.
In the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel The Ancestor Cell by Peter Anghelides and Stephen Cole, the Time Lords are shown to house other weapons of mass destruction in a stable time eddy known as the Slaughterhouse. In the Doctor Who Annual 2006, a section by Russell T Davies says that during the Time War, the Time Lords used Bowships (used against the Great Vampires in an ancient war), Black |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 6748, "ep": 26, "ec": 7372} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 6,748 | 26 | 7,372 | Time Lord | Technology | Hole Carriers and N-Forms (war machines first mentioned in the Virgin New Adventures novel Damaged Goods, written by Davies).
In The End of Time, Rassilon is shown wearing a gauntlet with several powers, primarily the ability to disintegrate a target and the ability to reverse changes made to the human race by the Master. When Rassilon throws the white point star into the hologram of the Earth, the diamond is able to arrive at the planet by following the Master's signal, travelling through the time-locked war to the post-war universe.
Gallifreyan paintings were unique in that they were in 3D, as they |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 26, "sc": 7372, "ep": 30, "ec": 235} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 26 | 7,372 | 30 | 235 | Time Lord | Technology & History | acted as snapshots of a single moment in time by use of stasis cubes. This meant that they could be used as rudimentary time travel, by freezing a person inside a painting and then letting them out at the required point in time. An example of this is Gallifrey Falls No More as seen in "The Day of the Doctor". History Details of the Time Lords' history within the show are sketchy and are fraught with supposition and contradiction. The Time Lords became the masters of time travel when one of their number, the scientist Omega, created an energy source |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 235, "ep": 30, "ec": 824} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 235 | 30 | 824 | Time Lord | History | to power their experiments in time. To this end, Omega used a stellar manipulation device, the Hand of Omega, to rework a nearby star into a new form to serve that source. Unfortunately, the star flared, first into a supernova, and then collapsed into a black hole. Omega was thought killed in that explosion but unknown to everyone, had somehow survived in an anti-matter universe beyond the black hole's singularity. Rassilon, the ultimate founder of Time Lord society, then took a singularity (assumed by fans and the spin-off media to be the same one as Omega's) and placed it beneath |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 824, "ep": 30, "ec": 1470} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 824 | 30 | 1,470 | Time Lord | History | the Time Lords' citadel on Gallifrey. This perfectly balanced Eye of Harmony then served as the power source for their civilisation as well as their time machines.
At some point in their history the Time Lords interacted with the civilisation of the planet Minyos, giving them advanced technology (including the ability to "regenerate" to a limited degree, by rejuvenating their bodies when they grow too old). This met with disastrous results, (which is said by some to be the reason the Time Lords adopted a philosophy of "non-interference"). The Minyans destroyed themselves in a series of nuclear wars.
In "Dalek" (2005), the |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 1470, "ep": 30, "ec": 2032} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 1,470 | 30 | 2,032 | Time Lord | History | Ninth Doctor explains that his people perished along with the Dalek race in the "Last Great Time War", leaving the Doctor the last of his race. In "The Satan Pit" (2006), the Beast identifies the Tenth Doctor as "[t]he killer of his own kind." In "The Sound of Drums" (2007), the Master reveals he escaped the war by turning himself into a human following the Dalek Emperor taking control of the Cruciform. In The End of Time (2009–10), the Time Lords, after attempting to break out the time lock of the Time War and become creatures of consciousness, are shown |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 2032, "ep": 30, "ec": 2626} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 2,032 | 30 | 2,626 | Time Lord | History | being sent back into the War on the last day through the Tenth Doctor's intervention. The Master also disappears along with them. Rassilon describes Time Lord history in this story as having lasted "a billion years" up until the end of the Time War.
In "The Day of the Doctor" (2013), thirteen incarnations of the Doctor are shown successfully attempting to freeze the Time Lords and their home world of Gallifrey in time, by transporting them to a "parallel pocket universe" using their TARDISes. Because the time streams are out of sync, the Doctor does not retain the memory of this |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 2626, "ep": 30, "ec": 3180} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 2,626 | 30 | 3,180 | Time Lord | History | until his eleventh incarnation. Indeed, earlier on in the episode, both the Tenth and the Eleventh Doctors mistakenly believe that the War Doctor killed all of the Time Lords on the last day of the Time War. While the plan is being outlined, the War Doctor notes that to the rest of the universe, it only appears as if the Time Lords and Daleks had mutually destroyed each other, when in fact, the Daleks had fired upon themselves in the crossfire after Gallifrey vanished, ending in the destruction of most of their own race, but not the Time Lords. In |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 3180, "ep": 30, "ec": 3803} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 3,180 | 30 | 3,803 | Time Lord | History | "Death in Heaven" (2014), the Master, now regenerated into a female form called "Missy", explains that when the Doctor saved Gallifrey, this caused the Doctor to save her as well. She bluffs the Twelfth Doctor into thinking that Gallifrey has returned to its original co-ordinates, but when the Doctor goes looking, he finds nothing there.
In "Face the Raven" (2015), the immortal Ashildr makes a deal to have the Doctor's TARDIS keys and confession dial taken and to teleport the Twelfth Doctor away in exchange for her trap street's safety. In "Heaven Sent" (2015), the Twelfth Doctor escapes his confession dial |
{"datasets_id": 161008, "wiki_id": "Q1156741", "sp": 30, "sc": 3803, "ep": 30, "ec": 4310} | 161,008 | Q1156741 | 30 | 3,803 | 30 | 4,310 | Time Lord | History | and finds himself near the Citadel on Gallifrey. He tells a young child to inform the Time Lords that he knows what they have done and that he has returned "the long way around". He then tells the Time Lords through his confession dial the hybrid they fear "is me". In "Hell Bent" (2015), Gallifrey is revealed to have come back from the pocket universe it was frozen in and exist at the end of the universe. Rassilon is revealed to have been the one who had the Doctor teleported into the confession dial. |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 570} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 570 | Time Traveler (video game) | Plot | Time Traveler (video game) Plot The game's premise is that American old west cowboy Marshal Gram (played by Stephen Wilber, also hired to coordinate the game's stunts) is required to save the universe from scientist turned evil time lord Vulcor, who's found a way to manipulate and distort time itself; and to also rescue Princess Kyi-La (played by LeAnn McVicker) of the Galactic Federation, whom Vulcor is holding prisoner in his quest to disrupt the flow of time. The player must pursue the villain across time through the ages overcoming various obstacles along the way while undoing all the damage |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 6, "sc": 570, "ep": 10, "ec": 558} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 6 | 570 | 10 | 558 | Time Traveler (video game) | Plot & Gameplay | done by Vulcor. Gameplay The gameplay of Time Traveler is similar to that of other laserdisc games such as Dragon's Lair. The player moves a joystick in a specific direction or presses a button at certain points in the game. By entering the correct command, a movie clip plays showing the player's character progression through the game, while the wrong move results in a unique death scene for each segment. The game offers a short tutorial and hints on gameplay.
The player controls consist of a 4-way joystick, an action button and a time reversal button. The latter is a |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 10, "sc": 558, "ep": 10, "ec": 1189} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 10 | 558 | 10 | 1,189 | Time Traveler (video game) | Gameplay | feature that allows the player to rewind and repeat the last couple of seconds of a failed segment. This gives the player a second chance to try and escape his death without having to repeat the complete FMV sequence all over again. Between levels, players can buy more time-reversal cubes by inserting more coins into the arcade machine.
The game starts with three lives and one time-reversal cube, lasting potentially ten minutes of perfect gameplay. Sometimes the game sequences have intentional latency, and "time malfunction" is displayed. It has a total of seven levels called "time periods". Every level consists of |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 10, "sc": 1189, "ep": 14, "ec": 287} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 10 | 1,189 | 14 | 287 | Time Traveler (video game) | Gameplay & Development | randomized FMV sequences within a time era theme such as pre-historic, Middle Ages, the future, and the Age of Magic.
As the game progresses players randomly encounter a slot machine mini-game called "Hellgate" where the player can bet a life to win or lose extra lives or a free credit, or lose the whole game. Development The game's action sequences were filmed in San Diego, California, with forty actors and a small production crew of about five people headed by Producer/Director Mark E. Watson of Fallbrook, California. The game takes place across many iconic settings from different time periods. All the |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 14, "sc": 287, "ep": 18, "ec": 103} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 14 | 287 | 18 | 103 | Time Traveler (video game) | Development & Arcade design | game's footage was shot as if it were a live action movie. Few props were used during filming as the actors had to imagine fantastical locations while being filmed in front of a green screen stage. Some actors performed multiple roles, for example, the same actor played the obese "amazon queen" in the bonus DVD features and a chainsaw-wielding character in the game. The game's special effects, music and character voices were later added at a special effects studio in Carlsbad, California. Arcade design One historian called Time Traveler the "World's First Holographic Video Game" because it uses a special |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 18, "sc": 103, "ep": 18, "ec": 745} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 18 | 103 | 18 | 745 | Time Traveler (video game) | Arcade design | arcade cabinet that projects the game's characters. This is not true holography but an optical illusion using a large curved mirror (invented by Dentsu) and a CRT television set. The world's first true holographic video game was created in 1993 by Kathryn M. Nelson (MIT, BSEE 1993) for her undergraduate thesis in the MIT Media Lab Spatial Imaging Group, where the holograms were created in Holovideo, which was also developed by fellow lab members.
The game uses a special arcade cabinet that projects the game's characters using reflection, making them appear free-standing. The "holographic" effect is an optical illusion using a |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 18, "sc": 745, "ep": 18, "ec": 1367} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 18 | 745 | 18 | 1,367 | Time Traveler (video game) | Arcade design | large curved mirror and a CRT television set. Characters appear to stand in mid-air as tiny images about five inches (12.7 cm) tall.
Time Traveler has a non-standard shape for an upright arcade cabinet. Though the game is played standing up the cabinet is larger and shorter resembling an oversized cocktail design (50"H x 43"W x 45"D) (127 cm x 109.2 cm x 114.3 cm). It doesn't have a monitor but instead uses a flat, dark stage called the "Micro-theater", which was invented by engineers Steve Zuloff and Barry Benjamin. The Micro-theater is composed of a big concave mirror that lies underneath the stage. This |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 18, "sc": 1367, "ep": 22, "ec": 109} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 18 | 1,367 | 22 | 109 | Time Traveler (video game) | Arcade design & DVD release | holographic mirror-like optical device was invented by the Japanese firm Dentsu. Along with it, a 20 inch (50.8 cm) Sony TV sits in front of the mirror. The player controls are located on top of the TV equipment. A couple of neon colored geometric blocks placed at the back of the stage serves as the only background for the game. It is decorated with white formica all around and with a tall "SEGA Hologram Time Traveler" sign on its back. DVD release In 2001, the game was published by Digital Leisure in PC CD-ROM and standard DVD formats. These home versions |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 22, "sc": 109, "ep": 22, "ec": 759} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 22 | 109 | 22 | 759 | Time Traveler (video game) | DVD release | have the option to simulate the mirror reflection of the original arcade cabinet through a pair of anaglyph stereoscopic glasses. This adds a whirlpool-like moving background to provide an illusory stereoscopic effect.
As with other Digital Leisure DVD releases, the game's box advertises being "Playstation 2 [or Xbox] Compatible" on the cover to attract console owners. Bonus features include interviews with creator Rick Dyer about the making of Time Traveler, as well as some of the actors in the game. It also shows behind the scenes footage from some of the scenes without the special effects.
The arcade version has two easter |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 22, "sc": 759, "ep": 26, "ec": 262} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 22 | 759 | 26 | 262 | Time Traveler (video game) | DVD release & Reception | eggs: Pressing both game buttons while pressing down on the joystick with a credit on the machine shows Rick Dyer dancing around with his son on his back. Doing the same procedure while pressing up on the joystick shows the game's development team. There are video clips of production footage and interviews on the disc. Reception According to archived news video footage from TV stations in California, US, the game was considered a financial success for Dyer's company Virtual Image Productions and SEGA, earning an average of US$1 million per week during its peak at the arcades. The game's |
{"datasets_id": 161009, "wiki_id": "Q7805168", "sp": 26, "sc": 262, "ep": 26, "ec": 698} | 161,009 | Q7805168 | 26 | 262 | 26 | 698 | Time Traveler (video game) | Reception | commercial life was not long. With fighting games such as Street Fighter and Mortal Kombat becoming extremely popular, SEGA released the game Holosseum as a conversion kit for the arcade cabinet about a year after Time Traveler's release. Dyer considered making a sequel, or adapting the technology for use in casino machines.
The DVD version is the only product to receive a 0/10 score from Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine. |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 664} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 664 | TracFone Wireless | History | TracFone Wireless History TracFone Wireless, Inc. (TFWI) was established in 1996 as Topp Telecom Inc., a prepaid mobile phone company, in Miami, Florida. In February 1999, Topp received a major infusion of capital from Teléfonos de México (NYSE: TMX), a.k.a. TelMex, Mexico's largest telephone company. TelMex paid $57.5 million for a 55 percent controlling interest in the company.
In 2000, TelMex spun off their mobile unit, creating América Móvil, of which Topp Telecom became a subsidiary. In November 2000, Topp Telecom Inc. changed its name to TracFone Wireless Inc.
In 2012, América Móvil acquired rival network Simple Mobile.
In 2013, TFWI unveiled a tweaked |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 6, "sc": 664, "ep": 10, "ec": 354} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 6 | 664 | 10 | 354 | TracFone Wireless | History & Other brands | logo. Later that year, TFWI also introduced four Android phones, all CDMA.
In May 2013, América Móvil purchased Page Plus Cellular, which had 1.4 million subscribers. On January 6, 2014, regulatory approval was received and Page Plus Cellular began operating as a subsidiary of América Móvil. Other brands In addition to its namesake product, TracFone Wireless offers products under the brands Clearway, GoSmart Mobile, NET10 Wireless, Page Plus Cellular, Safelink Wireless, SIMPLE Mobile, Straight Talk, Telcel América, Total Wireless, and Walmart Family Mobile. These brands differ not only in their logos and prepaid minute rates, but also in their service |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 10, "sc": 354, "ep": 18, "ec": 208} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 10 | 354 | 18 | 208 | TracFone Wireless | Other brands & Clearway & GoSmart Mobile | offerings. Clearway Clearway describes itself as "Wireless for Business" and "Big Business Coverage for Small Business Prices". It sells phones; offers BYOD for phones, tablets, and hotspots; and has various no-contract 30-day plans offering unlimited talk and text, plus up to 20 GB of high-speed data, followed by 2G speeds. Clearway offers CDMA coverage on the Verizon network, and GSM coverage on the AT&T network. GoSmart Mobile GoSmart Mobile was previously a T-Mobile US subsidiary that launched in beta on December 7, 2012, and became officially available nationwide on February 19, 2013. TracFone Wireless acquired GoSmart along with |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 18, "sc": 208, "ep": 22, "ec": 222} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 18 | 208 | 22 | 222 | TracFone Wireless | GoSmart Mobile & Net10 Wireless | Walmart Family Mobile from T-Mobile US in September 2016.
GoSmart offers five no-contract phone plans, starting at $15 going up to $55 per month. GoSmart does not sell any devices directly, but customers can purchase a SIM card to bring their own phone to the provider. Customers can purchase the plans and SIM cards either online at GoSmartMobile.com or in-store at one of their authorized retailers. Net10 Wireless Net10 Wireless supports both GSM and CDMA phones which support voicemail and text messaging at a minimum. Depending on the device, some models also offer Bluetooth, camera, hands-free speaker, qwerty keyboard, and wireless |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 22, "sc": 222, "ep": 22, "ec": 834} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 22 | 222 | 22 | 834 | TracFone Wireless | Net10 Wireless | web.
Net10 offers a variety of plans, which can be purchased either from their website or from designated retailers. Minutes from one month carry over to the next, as long as service remains active. Net10 Wireless offers a variety of service plans, ranging from $20–65, with as little as 1 GB of data up to 12 GB. Additional data can be purchased throughout the month if the allotted GB are used up. For non-data users, unbundled plans with only text and talk minutes can also be purchased.
Net10 Wireless sells Android phones by LG and Samsung, and some generations of the iPhone, and sells SIM |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 22, "sc": 834, "ep": 26, "ec": 586} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 22 | 834 | 26 | 586 | TracFone Wireless | Net10 Wireless & SafeLink Wireless | cards that can be used in unlocked AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, Verizon, or other GSM phones. SafeLink Wireless SafeLink Wireless is a Lifeline supported service, operated by TracFone's Net10 Wireless subsidiary. Lifeline is a, government benefit program which subsidizes discounted or free phone service, only offered to eligible low-income or disabled consumers. The service is non-transferrable, and limited to one mobile or landline Lifeline phone line per household. Lifeline is funded through the Universal Service Fund.
Customers can apply for service using the SafeLink web page, by fax, or by mail. Eligible participants receive at least 1,000 domestic talk minutes, unlimited text |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 26, "sc": 586, "ep": 30, "ec": 9} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 26 | 586 | 30 | 9 | TracFone Wireless | SafeLink Wireless & Page Plus Cellular | messages, and a fixed amount of data each month; details vary by state. Service units might carry over to the next month, depending on the plan used. If the customer exceeds the allocation, there is no service until the start of the next month unless the customer buys more units. The customer can use TracFone airtime cards, including promotions for free bonus minutes.
In California, SafeLink customers receive unlimited domestic talk and text, plus 3 GB of data per month (which do not roll-over to the next month if unused), but can purchase an extended data package. Page Plus Cellular Page Plus |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 30, "sc": 9, "ep": 30, "ec": 669} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 30 | 9 | 30 | 669 | TracFone Wireless | Page Plus Cellular | Cellular was established in 1993 by Abdul Yassine as Page Plus Communications, selling pager services in the Toledo, Ohio area. In August 1998, the company was renamed Page Plus Cellular and launched services in Ohio and Michigan, followed by a nationwide launch in 2000. Page Plus was originally headquartered in Holland, Ohio. In May 2013, Mexican telecommunications company América Móvil purchased Page Plus Cellular. As of January 6, 2014, regulatory approval was received and Page Plus Cellular has joined other América Móvil subsidiaries like Tracfone Wireless, Inc. At the time of sale, Page Plus Cellular had 1.4 million subscribers.
Page Plus |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 30, "sc": 669, "ep": 34, "ec": 81} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 30 | 669 | 34 | 81 | TracFone Wireless | Page Plus Cellular & Simple Mobile | Cellular offers both pay-as-you-go and no-contract monthly plans. Both monthly and pay-as-you-go customers add voice minutes, data and text messages to their account by purchasing refill cards. Prices for no-contract phone plans with Page Plus Cellular range from $12 to $55, and pay-as-you-go start at $10 and go up to $80. Customers can choose whether they would like to bring their own phone, or purchase one of the smartphone options on Page Plus’ website. The carrier offers a variety of Samsung, Apple and Android devices. Simple Mobile América Móvil, TFWI's parent company, acquired Simple Mobile in June 2012 and has |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 34, "sc": 81, "ep": 34, "ec": 767} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 34 | 81 | 34 | 767 | TracFone Wireless | Simple Mobile | incorporated the brand into operations alongside TFWI’s other subsidiary brands.
Simple Mobile is a prepaid mobile network operator founded in November 2009 and functions as an mobile virtual network operator of T-Mobile US. It became a subsidiary of America Móvil (parent of TracFone Wireless Inc.) after it was acquired by them in June 2012. On January 31, 2011, Simple Mobile celebrated their one millionth activation. Simple Mobile has activated more than 2.5 million subscribers since they opened in November 2009.
Simple Mobile offers no-contract, 30-day plans including unlimited talk and text and various amounts of high-speed data, including 2GB, 3GB, 10GB and |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 34, "sc": 767, "ep": 38, "ec": 664} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 34 | 767 | 38 | 664 | TracFone Wireless | Simple Mobile & Straight Talk | unlimited. Straight Talk Straight Talk is a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) offering both CDMA and GSM support. The CDMA service uses Verizon's or Sprint's CDMA 1xRTT wireless networks and the GSM service makes use of either T-Mobile's or AT&T's GSM networks.
Straight Talk has a joint-venture agreement with Walmart that makes Walmart its exclusive retailer, though customers can buy phones and service directly from Straight Talk via its website or by telephone.
Straight Talk offers several different rate plans. Depending on price, these deliver limited or unlimited service over a 30-day period.
Monthly prices are reduced when plans are activated with |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 38, "sc": 664, "ep": 42, "ec": 137} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 38 | 664 | 42 | 137 | TracFone Wireless | Straight Talk & Telcel América | Auto-Refill, which automatically activates the same service plan once the 30-day period is complete. High-speed data is unlimited on the $55 Ultimate Unlimited Plan, and it is limited on the $45, $35, $30 and $10 plans, with speeds lowering to 2G after stated data allotments.
Service plans do not include hotspot tethering. Video streams at up to 480p. Straight Talk customers' speeds are prioritized behind customers on the network they are using during times of congestion. Telcel América Telcel América is a wireless service from TracFone Wireless, Inc. (TFWI) that allows its users to call internationally as a built-in part |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 42, "sc": 137, "ep": 42, "ec": 789} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 42 | 137 | 42 | 789 | TracFone Wireless | Telcel América | of the service plans. Telcel América offers a variety of monthly plans, including unlimited nationwide-minutes, unlimited SMS/MMS messaging, and unlimited data. Plans start at $20 and can cost up to $60. Telcel América also offers an international calling plan for call to "over 1,000 destinations". Some plans offer roaming in Mexico at no extra charge.
Telcel América's current GSM phones are compatible with Mexico's Telcel wireless network and services. Telcel America also permits customers that have an unlocked GSM or compatible T-Mobile phone to use the Telcel América Network. Telcel América is a brand of TracFone Inc. in the United |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 42, "sc": 789, "ep": 46, "ec": 552} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 42 | 789 | 46 | 552 | TracFone Wireless | Telcel América & Total Wireless | States, while Telcel in Mexico is a fully owned subsidiary of TFWI's parent company, América Móvil. Total Wireless Total Wireless is a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) that uses the Verizon network.
Total Wireless offers a variety of Smartphones which can operate on Verizon's 4G LTE network. Devices and service plans can be purchased via the Total Wireless website, Walmart website, as well as in-store at Walmart, Target and Dollar General. These phones use CDMA for voice, not Verizon's VoLTE; they use LTE only for data exchange.
Service plans include single line options or multi-line family plans, with prices ranging from $25 up to $100. |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 46, "sc": 552, "ep": 50, "ec": 518} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 46 | 552 | 50 | 518 | TracFone Wireless | Total Wireless & Walmart Family Mobile | All plans include unlimited talk minutes and texting; and a variety of data options to choose from. Walmart Family Mobile Walmart Family Mobile offers no-contract prepaid plans. Family Mobile, along with GoSmart, were purchased by TracFone from T-Mobile in September 2016.
The company offers a range of family-friendly phone plans exclusively through Walmart, ranging in price from $25 to $50 for single line plans. Service plans can also be bundled together for families needing more than one line. Customers can decide if they would like to bring their own phone or purchase a new one through Walmart Family Mobile. Apple, Samsung |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 50, "sc": 518, "ep": 54, "ec": 497} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 50 | 518 | 54 | 497 | TracFone Wireless | Walmart Family Mobile & Company background | and Android devices are all available for purchase through the company either online or in-stores. Company background TracFone Wireless, Inc. (TFWI) brands sells phones by many manufacturers. Each phone contains a SIM card applicable to that brand. TFWI brands sell phones for several networks; models using the Verizon or Sprint CDMA network have the letter C in the model name, while phones using the AT&T or T-Mobile GSM network have the letter G. The choice of phone thus determines the network used and the quality of service in specific locations. A typical retail display includes a coverage map (or several, |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 54, "sc": 497, "ep": 58, "ec": 483} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 54 | 497 | 58 | 483 | TracFone Wireless | Company background & Purchasing service | one for each relevant network), indicating the parts of the U.S. where the phone can be used. Purchasing service The customer must buy service through the chosen TFWI brand. Service cards are available at many retail locations. A typical service card carries a specified number of service days and usage units (such as minutes). Each service card contains an "Airtime PIN" or “Service PIN” beneath a silvery coating that the customer scratches off. At some stores, there is no service card; instead, the PIN is printed on the sales receipt. The customer can use a brand website, use TFWI customer |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 58, "sc": 483, "ep": 62, "ec": 292} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 58 | 483 | 62 | 292 | TracFone Wireless | Purchasing service & Activating service | service, or send a text, to redeem the card. Redemption loads the phone with the purchased resources and prevents the PIN from being reused. Service cards have a bar code that is scanned on purchase, so that PINs from stolen service cards never become valid. Activating service Having bought a phone, the customer must register it with their chosen TFWI brand. This process assigns a phone number to the phone and loads the phone with service days and usage units from the initial service card. The assigned phone number has an area code and exchange based on a ZIP code |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 62, "sc": 292, "ep": 66, "ec": 167} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 62 | 292 | 66 | 167 | TracFone Wireless | Activating service & Misleading "unlimited" plan claims by Straight Talk, Net10 Wireless, Simple Mobile, and Telcel America – 2015 | that the customer specifies. This choice of a geographic location does not affect service or cost, but it lets customers of landlines in that vicinity reach the TracFone as a local call.
The customer can transfer an account to another TFWI brand, which activates service under the same phone number and closes the account with the previous provider. Misleading "unlimited" plan claims by Straight Talk, Net10 Wireless, Simple Mobile, and Telcel America – 2015 The Federal Trade Commission made a lawsuit towards TracFone, saying that they limited their "unlimited" data. This led to $40 million in consumer refunds as a result. |
{"datasets_id": 161010, "wiki_id": "Q9089355", "sp": 68, "sc": 0, "ep": 70, "ec": 551} | 161,010 | Q9089355 | 68 | 0 | 70 | 551 | TracFone Wireless | Roaming and repair issues – 2007 | Roaming and repair issues – 2007 On February 9, 2007, a preliminary settlement in a class-action lawsuit against TracFone was carried out by Jeanette Wagner, and approved in the Boone County Circuit Court in Kentucky. The complainants alleged that TracFone misled consumers by charging a roaming rate in their home calling area (they were charged for 2 units per minute, not the usual 1 unit per minute), and that it refused to extend their prepaid service time during handset repairs. As a result of the settlement, Tracfone gave each of their customers an extra 20 units of airtime. |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 560} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 560 | Tracy A. Henke | Contributions to the USA PATRIOT Act | Tracy A. Henke Contributions to the USA PATRIOT Act The USA PATRIOT Act, passed in October 2001, removed a great deal of freedom from the directors of the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Institute of Justice giving their authority to the assistant attorney general for the Office of Justice Programs, a position to which Henke was Deputy, and then later filled herself.
"In a report to Congress on these changes, Ms. Daniels, whose brother, Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., is director of the Office of Management and Budget, said there was a need to centralize control over these agencies because |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 6, "sc": 560, "ep": 10, "ec": 352} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 6 | 560 | 10 | 352 | Tracy A. Henke | Contributions to the USA PATRIOT Act & The BJS Racial Profiling Report | of the Sept. 11 attacks. Ms. Henke is a close associate of Mr. [John] Ashcroft and was responsible for inserting language in the USA PATRIOT Act undercutting the two agencies' independence, employees say." The BJS Racial Profiling Report In April 2005, as a major report on traffic stops by police was being completed by Lawrence A. Greenfeld, whom President Bush had named in 2001 "to lead the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Mr. Greenfeld's office drafted a news release to announce the findings and submitted it for review to the office of Tracy A. Henke, who was then the acting assistant |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 10, "sc": 352, "ep": 10, "ec": 987} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 10 | 352 | 10 | 987 | Tracy A. Henke | The BJS Racial Profiling Report | attorney general who oversaw the statistics branch.
The report showed, and the announcement summarized, that the rate at which whites, blacks and Hispanics were stopped was about the same, but that once stopped, black and Hispanic drivers were two to three times more likely to suffer a negative consequence, such as being searched, handcuffed, or arrested. For the press release, Henke insisted that the first finding be included (that there was no apparent difference in the rate at which different ethnic groups were stopped), but that the second finding be excized (that there was a significant different in how different |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 10, "sc": 987, "ep": 14, "ec": 308} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 10 | 987 | 14 | 308 | Tracy A. Henke | The BJS Racial Profiling Report & Controversy at Homeland Security | ethnic groups were treated once stopped)
The director, Larry Greenfeld, refused to make the changes. "Shortly thereafter, Greenfeld was brought in for questioning by the third highest ranking official in the Justice Department and then called to the White House and asked to resign," Controversy at Homeland Security On May 31, 2006, Henke, who is in charge of Homeland Security's grant-making, announced plans to "cut counterterrorism money for New York City and the Washington area -- which together have been the targets of 100 percent of al-Qaeda's terrorist attacks on American soil -- by 40 percent each. Adding insult |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 14, "sc": 308, "ep": 14, "ec": 926} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 14 | 308 | 14 | 926 | Tracy A. Henke | Controversy at Homeland Security | to this injury, Henke's department judged that the nation's capital is a 'low-risk' city and that the Statue of Liberty, Brooklyn Bridge and Empire State Building are not worthy of "national icon" status. By contrast, those terrorism magnets of Kansas City and St. Louis—both by happenstance in Henke's home state of Missouri—received boosts in funds. Other winners: the horses of Louisville, the cattle of Omaha and five cities in Jeb Bush's Florida."
U.S. Rep. Peter T. King (R-NY) said of the incident: "Tracy Henke had to leave the department. Very simply, she did a terrible job in the decisions she made |
{"datasets_id": 161011, "wiki_id": "Q7831677", "sp": 14, "sc": 926, "ep": 18, "ec": 564} | 161,011 | Q7831677 | 14 | 926 | 18 | 564 | Tracy A. Henke | Controversy at Homeland Security & Lobbying | to award grant money. ... And the department realized that." Henke's resignation was effective October 31, 2006. Lobbying Upon resigning from the Department of Homeland Security, Henke immediately began work the next day as "a senior adviser at the Ashcroft Group, a Washington lobbying firm headed by her old boss, former Attorney General John Ashcroft."
According to Henke's current Ashcroft Group biography: "Tracy Henke is an expert on homeland security and justice funding and programs; assessing the legislative and policy landscape; formulating procedure and policy; top-level negotiating; and strategic planning. Henke’s career focus has given her knowledge of all sides |
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