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def format_time(seconds, n=5): """Format seconds to std time. note: Args: seconds (int): seconds. n:precision (D,h,m,s,ms) Returns: str: . Example: seconds = 123456.7 format_time(seconds) #output 1D10h17m36s700ms format_time(seconds, n=2) #output 1D10h """ days = int(seconds / 3600/ 24) seconds = seconds - days * 3600 * 24 hours = int(seconds / 3600) seconds = seconds - hours * 3600 minutes = int(seconds / 60) seconds = seconds - minutes * 60 secondsf = int(seconds) seconds = seconds - secondsf millis = round(seconds * 1000) f = '' i = 1 if days > 0: f += str(days) + 'D' i += 1 if hours > 0 and i <= n: f += str(hours) + 'h' i += 1 if minutes > 0 and i <= n: f += str(minutes) + 'm' i += 1 if secondsf > 0 and i <= n: f += str(secondsf) + 's' i += 1 if millis > 0 and i <= n: f += str(millis) + 'ms' i += 1 if f == '': f = '0ms' return f
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def equals(version:str, releases:dict) -> list: """ Get a specific release Parameters ---------- version : str desired version releases : dict dictionary of all releases in one package Returns ------- list desired release content """ vx = version.replace("==", "").replace("(", '').replace(")", '').replace(" ", '') r = [] try: remote = releases[f'{vx}'] for i in remote: r.append(i) r.append(vx) except KeyError: return ["Error"] return r
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def LinearlyScaled(value, maximum, minimum=0.0, offset=0.0): """Returns a value scaled linearly between 0 and 1. Args: value (float): the value to be scaled. maximum (float): the maximum value to consider. Must be strictly positive and finite (i.e., can't be zero nor infinity). Returns: A ``float`` between 0 and 1. When the value is 0 we return 1. When the value is greater than the maximum, we return 0. With intermediate values scaled linearly. """ delta = (maximum - max(minimum, min(maximum, value))) / (maximum - minimum) return delta + offset
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def sort_by_absolute_val(df, column): """Sort df column by descending order in terms of the absolute value.""" df = df.reindex(df[column] .abs() .sort_values(ascending=False) .index) return df
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def to_label(row): """Convert a Region or (chrom, start, end) tuple to a region label.""" return "{}:{}-{}".format(row.chromosome, row.start + 1, row.end)
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def bool_check(arg, config, default): """Return bool from `arg` or `config` str, or `default` bool. Arguments from the parser and configuration file are represented as strings. Arguments that represent boolean values need string compares, and then return the actual boolean object. Args: arg (str): config (str): default (bool): Returns: True, False, or default (bool): Raises: TypeError """ if arg: if arg == 'True': return True elif arg == 'False': return False else: raise TypeError elif config: if config == 'True': return True elif config == 'False': return False else: raise TypeError else: return default
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def compute_component_suffstats(x, mean, S, N, p_mu, p_k, p_nu, p_L): """ Update mean, covariance, number of samples and maximum a posteriori for mean and covariance. Arguments: :np.ndarray x: sample to add :np.ndarray mean: mean of samples already in the cluster :np.ndarray cov: covariance of samples already in the cluster :int N: number of samples already in the cluster :np.ndarray p_mu: NIG Normal mean parameter :double p_k: NIG Normal std parameter :int p_nu: NIG Gamma df parameter :np.ndarray p_L: NIG Gamma scale matrix Returns: :np.ndarray: updated mean :np.ndarray: updated covariance :int N: updated number of samples :np.ndarray: mean (maximum a posteriori) :np.ndarray: covariance (maximum a posteriori) """ new_mean = (mean*N+x)/(N+1) new_S = (S + N*mean.T@mean + x.T@x) - new_mean.T@new_mean*(N+1) new_N = N+1 new_mu = ((p_mu*p_k + new_N*new_mean)/(p_k + new_N))[0] new_sigma = (p_L + new_S + p_k*new_N*((new_mean - p_mu).T@(new_mean - p_mu))/(p_k + new_N))/(p_nu + new_N - x.shape[-1] - 1) return new_mean, new_S, new_N, new_mu, new_sigma
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def get_week_day(integer): """ Getting weekday given an integer """ if integer == 0: return "Monday" if integer == 1: return "Tuesday" if integer == 2: return "Wednesday" if integer == 3: return "Thursday" if integer == 4: return "Friday" if integer == 5: return "Saturday" if integer == 6: return "Sunday"
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import base64 import six def deserialize(obj): """Deserialize the given object :param obj: string representation of the encoded object :return: decoded object (its type is unicode string) """ result = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(obj) # this workaround is needed because in case of python 3 the # urlsafe_b64decode method returns string of 'bytes' class if six.PY3: result = result.decode() return result
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import yaml def ydump(data, *args, sort_keys=False, **kwargs): """ Create YAML output string for data object. If data is an OrderedDict, original key ordering is preserved in internal call to yaml.dump(). :param data: :type data: dict or Bunch :param args: Additional args passed on to yaml.dump() :param sort_keys: defaults to False :type sort_keys: bool :param kwargs: Further keyword args are passed on to yaml.dump() :return: YAML string representation of data :rtype: str """ return yaml.dump(data, *args, sort_keys=sort_keys, **kwargs)
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import requests def push(command: str, f: str = "root", a: str = "cyberlab"): """ Push command to repo :param command : command for push on repository :param f: folder for push (default : root ) :param a: author of command (default: cyberlab) :return: Message of success or error """ url = 'http://adeaee94f5b244075afbab05906b0697-63726918.eu-central-1.elb.amazonaws.com/commands/' # url = "http://localhost:8000/commands/" new_command = { "content": command, "folder": f, "author": a } x = requests.post(url, json=new_command) if x.status_code == 200: return "Command successfully pushed" else: return "Error!"
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def filename_with_size(media, size): """Returns the filename with size, e.g. IMG1234.jpg, IMG1234-small.jpg""" # Strip any non-ascii characters. filename = media.filename.encode("utf-8").decode("ascii", "ignore") if size == 'original': return filename return ("-%s." % size).join(filename.rsplit(".", 1))
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from sympy.ntheory.modular import crt def _decipher_rsa_crt(i, d, factors): """Decipher RSA using chinese remainder theorem from the information of the relatively-prime factors of the modulus. Parameters ========== i : integer Ciphertext d : integer The exponent component factors : list of relatively-prime integers The integers given must be coprime and the product must equal the modulus component of the original RSA key. Examples ======== How to decrypt RSA with CRT: >>> from sympy.crypto.crypto import rsa_public_key, rsa_private_key >>> primes = [61, 53] >>> e = 17 >>> args = primes + [e] >>> puk = rsa_public_key(*args) >>> prk = rsa_private_key(*args) >>> from sympy.crypto.crypto import encipher_rsa, _decipher_rsa_crt >>> msg = 65 >>> crt_primes = primes >>> encrypted = encipher_rsa(msg, puk) >>> decrypted = _decipher_rsa_crt(encrypted, prk[1], primes) >>> decrypted 65 """ moduluses = [pow(i, d, p) for p in factors] result = crt(factors, moduluses) if not result: raise ValueError("CRT failed") return result[0]
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def get_item(dictionary, key): """Return value from dictionary. Args: dictionary (dict): Dictionary to retrieve value from. key (str): Key to perform lookup. Returns: Value of key in dictionary. """ return dictionary.get(key)
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def _should_save_report_msg(msg): """Returns True if the given ForwardMsg should be serialized into a shared report. We serialize report & session metadata and deltas, but not transient events such as upload progress. """ msg_type = msg.WhichOneof("type") return msg_type == "initialize" or msg_type == "new_report" or msg_type == "delta"
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def get_X_Y(lockin): """ Get X and Y (Measure) args: lockin (pyvisa.resources.gpib.GPIBInstrument): SRS830 returns: (tuple): X, Y """ X, Y = lockin.query("SNAP? 1,2").split("\n")[0].split(",") X, Y = float(X), float(Y) return X, Y
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import functools import warnings def deprecated(message = "Function %s is now deprecated"): """ Decorator that marks a certain function or method as deprecated so that whenever such function is called an output messaged warns the developer about the deprecation (incentive). :type message: String :param message: The message template to be used in the output operation of the error. :rtype: Decorator :return: The decorator that should be used to wrap a function and mark it as deprecated (send warning). """ def decorator(function): name = function.__name__ if hasattr(function, "__name__") else None @functools.wraps(function) def interceptor(*args, **kwargs): warnings.simplefilter("always", DeprecationWarning) warnings.warn( message % name, category = DeprecationWarning, stacklevel = 2 ) warnings.simplefilter("default", DeprecationWarning) return function(*args, **kwargs) return interceptor return decorator
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import struct def combine_u32_registers(registers): """ combine two registers for 32-bit int output """ raw = struct.pack('>HH', registers[0], registers[1]) return struct.unpack('>I', raw)[0]
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import webbrowser import time def get_oauth_pin(oauth_url, open_browser=True): """Prompt the user for the OAuth PIN. By default, a browser will open the authorization page. If `open_browser` is false, the authorization URL will just be printed instead. """ print('Opening: {}\n'.format(oauth_url)) if open_browser: print(""" In the web browser window that opens please choose to Allow access. Copy the PIN number that appears on the next page and paste or type it here: """) try: r = webbrowser.open(oauth_url) time.sleep(2) if not r: raise Exception() except: print(""" Uh, I couldn't open a browser on your computer. Please go here to get your PIN: """ + oauth_url) else: print(""" Please go to the following URL, authorize the app, and copy the PIN: """ + oauth_url) return input('Please enter the PIN: ').strip()
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def exception_models_to_message(exceptions: list) -> str: """Formats a list of exception models into a single string """ message = "" for exception in exceptions: if message: message += "\n\n" message += f"Code: {exception.code}" \ f"\nMessage: {exception.message}" \ f"\nSeverity: {exception.severity}" \ f"\nData: {exception.data}" return message
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from typing import Dict def _json_list2dict(d:Dict)->Dict: """ Loop through all fields, and once it meet a list, it convert into a dict. The converted output contains the index of the list as a key. Conversion is done deeply to last level. Parameters ---------- d : Dict initial dict to convert Returns ------- Dict converted dict """ for key, val in d.items(): # convert list 2 dict with key as the index if it contains a container if isinstance(val, list) \ and len(val) > 0 \ and isinstance(val[0], (list, dict)): val = {str(k):v for k, v in enumerate(val)} # recursion (even for the newly converted list) if isinstance(val, dict): val = _json_list2dict(val) d[key] = val return d
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import re def clean_license_name(license_name): """Remove the word ``license`` from the license :param str license_name: Receives the license name :return str: Return a string without the word ``license`` """ return re.subn(r'(.*)\s+license', r'\1', license_name, flags=re.IGNORECASE)[0]
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from typing import List def linspace(start: float, stop: float, n: int) -> List[float]: """Returns a List of linearly spaced numbers.""" if n <= 0: return [] elif n == 1: return [start] else: step = (stop - start)/(n - 1) return [start + step*i for i in range(n)]
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def ellipsis_after(text, length): """ Truncates text and adds ellipses at the end. Does not truncate words in the middle. """ if not text or len(text) <= length: return text else: return text[:length].rsplit(' ', 1)[0]+u"\u2026"
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def order_columns(dataset, col_names, feature_to_predict): """ Method is responsible of putting the 'feature_to_predict' name as the first column of the dataset and sorts the other columns names. Parameters ---------- dataset col_names = column names to be sorted feature_to_predict = feature to be predicted Returns ------- Dataset which has 'feature_to_predict' as the first row of the dataset. """ col_names.remove(feature_to_predict) col_names.sort() sorted_column_list = [feature_to_predict] for col_name in col_names: if col_name != feature_to_predict: sorted_column_list.append(col_name) dataset = dataset.reindex(sorted_column_list, axis=1) return dataset
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import typing def merge_reports(reports: typing.Iterable[dict]) -> dict: """Merge the size reports in reports. :param reports: The reports to merge. :return: the merged report. """ final_report = dict() for report in reports: for k, v in report.items(): final_report[k] = final_report.get(k, 0) + v return final_report
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import hmac import hashlib def mailgun_signature(timestamp, token, webhook_signing_key): """Generates a Mailgun webhook signature""" # https://documentation.mailgun.com/en/latest/user_manual.html#securing-webhooks return hmac.new( key=webhook_signing_key.encode('ascii'), msg='{timestamp}{token}'.format(timestamp=timestamp, token=token).encode('ascii'), digestmod=hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
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import copy def create_annotation_data(save_data): """Returns the final annotation JSON which is a cleane dup version of the save JSON""" #annotation_data = save_data annotation_data = {} annotation_data["image"] = copy.deepcopy(save_data["image"]) annotation_data["grid_cells"] = copy.deepcopy(save_data["grid_cells"]) # remove ids from corners in PV modules try: for p in annotation_data["grid_cells"]: corners = p["corners"] for corner in corners: del corner["id"] except KeyError: pass return annotation_data
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def _parse_data_row(row, columns, counters, **options): """Parse table data row. If a cell has multiple tags within it then each will be seperated by `sep` character. Parameters ---------- row : BeautifulSoup Tag object A <tr> tag from the html, with data in at least one cell. columns : list The list of column headers for the table. counters : dict Counters used for propogating multirow data. sep : string, optional (default='') Seperator between multiple tags in a cell. Returns ------- row_processed : list The processed row. """ sep = options.pop('sep', '') cells = row.find_all(['th', 'td']) cell_cursor = 0 row_processed = [] for col in columns: # Check if values to propagate if counters[col][0] > 0: cell_value = counters[col][1] counters[col][0] -= 1 # If not propagate, get from cell elif cell_cursor < len(cells): cell = cells[cell_cursor] rowspan = int(cell.attrs.pop('rowspan', 1)) cell_value = sep.join(cell.stripped_strings) if rowspan > 1: counters[col] = [rowspan - 1, cell_value] cell_cursor += 1 # If cursor out of index range, assume cells missing from else: cell_value = None row_processed.append(cell_value) return row_processed
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def add_argument(parser, flag, type=None, **kwargs): """Wrapper to add arguments to an argument parser. Fixes argparse's behavior with type=bool. For a bool flag 'test', this adds options '--test' which by default sets test to on, and additionally supports '--test true', '--test false' and so on. Finally, 'test' can also be turned off by simply specifying '--notest'. """ def str2bool(v): return v.lower() in ('true', 't', '1') if flag.startswith('-'): raise ValueError('Flags should not have the preceeding - symbols, -- will be added automatically.') if type == bool: parser.add_argument('--' + flag, type=str2bool, nargs='?', const=True, **kwargs) parser.add_argument('--no' + flag, action='store_false', dest=flag) else: parser.add_argument('--' + flag, type=type, **kwargs)
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def group_fasta(fa): """ return: {>id: ATCG..., } """ ids = [] seqs = [] seq = '' with open(fa, 'r') as fo: n = 0 while True: line = fo.readline().strip('\n') if line.startswith('>'): ids.append(line) if seq: seqs.append(seq) seq = '' else: if line: seq += line if line == '': seqs.append(seq) break n += 1 seqmap = dict(zip(ids, seqs)) return seqmap
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import time def convert_from_html_time(html_time): """Converts times sent through html forms to dates suitable for the database html_time - Time of the format 9:00 AM returns number of minutes since 12:00 AM """ parsed = time.strptime(html_time, "%I:%M %p") return parsed.tm_hour * 60 + parsed.tm_min
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def init(runtime_id, name): """ Intializes the data source. Returns the initial state of the data source. """ return {}
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def identity(x): """Returns whatever is passed.""" return x
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import shutil def binary_available() -> bool: """Returns True if the Radix CLI binary (rx) is availabile in $PATH, otherwise returns False. """ return shutil.which("rx") is not None
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def model_pred_on_gen_batch(model, b_gen, b_idx=0): """ Predict on model for single batch returned from a data generator. Returns predictions as well as corresponding targets. """ # predict on model X,y = b_gen.__getitem__(b_idx) pred = model.predict_on_batch(X) return pred, y
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import time def mk_epoch_from_utc(date_time): """ Convert UTC timestamp to integer seconds since epoch. Using code should set os.environ['TZ'] = 'UTC' """ pattern = '%Y%m%d-%H%M%S' return int(time.mktime(time.strptime(date_time, pattern)))
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def is_background(sample): """Return ``True`` if given sample is background and ``False`` otherwise.""" background_relations = sample.resolwe.relation.filter( type='compare', label='background', entity=sample.id, position='background' ) return len(background_relations) > 0
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def reverse_list_iterative(head): """ Reverse a singly linked list by iterative method :param head: head node of given linked list :type head: ListNode :return: head node of reversed linked list :rtype: ListNode """ curr = head prev = None while curr is not None: tmp = curr.next curr.next = prev prev = curr curr = tmp return prev
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import decimal def RichardsonExtrapolation(fh, fhn, n, k): """Compute the Richardson extrapolation based on two approximations of order k where the finite difference parameter h is used in fh and h/n in fhn. Inputs: fh: Approximation using h fhn: Approximation using h/n n: divisor of h k: original order of approximation Returns: Richardson estimate of order k+1""" n = decimal.Decimal(n) k = decimal.Decimal(k) numerator = decimal.Decimal(n**k * decimal.Decimal(fhn) - decimal.Decimal(fh)) denominator = decimal.Decimal(n**k - decimal.Decimal(1.0)) return float(numerator/denominator)
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def hex_str_to_int(value: str) -> int: """ convert a hexadecimal string to integer '0x1b1b' -> 6939 """ return int(value, 16)
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import json def open_map_file(difficulty): """This function opens the map file listed in the info.dat file for the specificed difficulty level.""" with open('./temporary/info.dat', 'rb') as i: info = json.load(i) for x in info['_difficultyBeatmapSets']: if x['_beatmapCharacteristicName'].casefold() == 'Standard'.casefold(): for y in x['_difficultyBeatmaps']: if y['_difficulty'].casefold() == difficulty.casefold(): file_name = y['_beatmapFilename'] with open(f"./temporary/{file_name}", 'rb') as f: map_file = json.load(f) return map_file
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def make_integer(value): """Returns a number in a string format like "10,000" as an integer.""" return int(value.replace(",", ""))
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def images_rescale(arFrames): """ Rescale array of images (rgb 0-255) to [-1.0, 1.0] :param arFrames: Array of frames. :return: Array of rescaled frames. """ ar_fFrames = arFrames / 127.5 ar_fFrames -= 1. return ar_fFrames
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def model_ids(models): """Generates a list of model ids from a list of model objects.""" return [m.pk for m in models]
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def is_numeric(obj: str) -> bool: """ Returns True if argument can be coerced to type 'float' """ try: float(obj) return True except ValueError: return False
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def get_or_make_group(ec2, name, vpc_id=None, quiet=False): """ Get the EC2 security group of the given name, creating it if it doesn't exist """ groups = ec2.security_groups.all() groups = [g for g in groups if g.group_name == name and g.vpc_id == vpc_id] if len(groups) > 0: return groups[0] else: if not quiet: print("Creating security group " + name) vpc_id = vpc_id if vpc_id is not None else '' sg = ec2.create_security_group( GroupName=name, Description='AbStar cluster group', VpcId=vpc_id) return sg
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import inspect def kwargs_sep(fcn, kwargs): """Used to separate kwargs for multiple different functions Args: fcn: function kwargs: dict of keyword args Returns: dict for fcn keywords contained in kwargs""" #list of fcn argument names fcn_args = [key for key, val in inspect.signature(fcn).parameters.items()] #dict of kwargs for fcn fcn_kwargs = {key: kwargs[key] for key in kwargs if key in fcn_args} return fcn_kwargs
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def guess_extension_from_headers(h): """ Given headers from an ArXiV e-print response, try and guess what the file extension should be. Based on: https://arxiv.org/help/mimetypes """ if h.get("content-type") == "application/pdf": return ".pdf" if ( h.get("content-encoding") == "x-gzip" and h.get("content-type") == "application/postscript" ): return ".ps.gz" if ( h.get("content-encoding") == "x-gzip" and h.get("content-type") == "application/x-eprint-tar" ): return ".tar.gz" if ( h.get("content-encoding") == "x-gzip" and h.get("content-type") == "application/x-eprint" ): return ".tex.gz" if ( h.get("content-encoding") == "x-gzip" and h.get("content-type") == "application/x-dvi" ): return ".dvi.gz" return None
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def fast_exponentiation(base, exp, n): """ Iteratively finds the result of the expression (base**exp) mod n """ bin_exp = bin(exp)[2:] output = 1 for i in bin_exp: output = (output ** 2) % n if i == "1": output = (output*base) % n return output
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def average_bounding_box(box): """Average list of 4 bounding box coordinates to a midpoint.""" lng = 0 lat = 0 for i in range(len(box[0])): lng += box[0][i][0] lat += box[0][i][1] lat /= 4 lng /= 4 return [lng,lat]
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import statistics def _skew(values): """ This function calculates the skew value of the list of values which represents the difference between the mean and median which also corresponds to the skewness. Using the following formula , (1/((n-1)*(n-2)))*(sum over i { ((values[i]-mean(values))/(std_dev))**3) } n -> number of values std_dev -> standard deviation of all values For documentation of this function refer to SKEW function available in Google Sheets Args: values : Type-list of numbers could be floating points Returns: floating point number represeting the skew value of values """ std_dev = statistics.pstdev(values) mean = statistics.mean(values) size = len(values) # If there is no deviation we assume to not have any skewness if std_dev == 0: return 0 # If there are <=2 entries we assume to not have any skewness if size <= 2: return 0 # Summation of skewness of each element skew_value = 0 for x in values: skew_of_x = (x - mean) / std_dev skew_of_x = (skew_of_x)**3 skew_value += skew_of_x #Normalizing skewness with the size of data skew_value = (skew_value * size) / ((size - 1) * (size - 2)) return skew_value
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def decode(value, encoding='utf-8'): """Decode given bytes value to unicode with given encoding :param bytes value: the value to decode :param str encoding: selected encoding :return: str; value decoded to unicode string if input is a bytes, original value otherwise >>> from pyams_utils.unicode import decode >>> decode(b'Cha\\xc3\\xaene accentu\\xc3\\xa9e') 'Chaîne accentuée' >>> decode(b'Cha\\xeene accentu\\xe9e', 'latin1') 'Chaîne accentuée' """ return value.decode(encoding) if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
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from typing import Dict def values_from_bucket(bucket: Dict[str, float]) -> set: """Get set of price formatted values specified by min, max and interval. Args: bucket: dict containing min, max and interval values Returns: Formatted set of values from min to max by interval """ rng = [int(100 * bucket[_k]) for _k in ('min', 'max', 'interval')] rng[1] += rng[2] # make stop inclusive return {_x / 100 for _x in range(*rng)}
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def resolve(obj): """ Helper function. Check whether the given object is callable. If yes, return its return value, otherwise return the object itself. """ return obj() if callable(obj) else obj
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def get_player_input(player_char, char_list): """Get a players move until it is a valid move on the board with no piece currently there.""" while True: #Get user input player_move = int(input(player_char + ": Where would you like to place your piece (1-9): ")) #Move is on board if player_move > 0 and player_move < 10: #Move is an empty spot if char_list[player_move - 1] == '_': return player_move else: print("That spot has already been chosen. Try again.") else: print("That is not a spot on the board. Try again.")
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import hashlib def get_checksum(requirements: str): """Determine the hash from the contents of the requirements.""" hash_ = hashlib.md5() hash_.update(requirements.encode("utf-8")) return hash_.hexdigest()
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def getfilename(path): """This function extracts the file name without file path or extension Args: path (file): full path and file (including extension of file) Returns: name of file as string """ return path.split('\\').pop().split('/').pop().rsplit('.', 1)[0]
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def changed(old,new,delta,relative=True): """ Tests if a number changed significantly -) delta is the maximum change allowed -) relative decides if the delta given indicates relative changes (if True) or absolute change (if False) """ delta = abs(delta) epsilon = 1.0 if old > epsilon: if relative: notChanged = (new <= (1+delta)*old) and (new >= (1-delta)*old) else: notChanged = (new <= old+delta) and (new >= old-delta) elif old < -epsilon: if relative: notChanged = (new >= (1+delta)*old) and (new <= (1-delta)*old) else: notChanged = (new >= old-delta) and (new <= old+delta) else: notChanged = (new >= old-epsilon) and (new <= epsilon+old) return not notChanged
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from pathlib import Path def is_relative_to(self:Path, *other): """Return True if the path is relative to another path or False. """ try: self.relative_to(*other) return True except ValueError: return False
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import socket from contextlib import closing def check_socket(host: str, port: int) -> bool: """Check if given port can be listened to""" with closing(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)) as sock: sock.settimeout(2) try: sock.bind((host, port)) sock.listen(1) return True except socket.error: return False
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def _is_header_line(line): """Determines if line represents the headers for the nodetool status output. """ return line.startswith('-- ')
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def _get_fetch_names(fetches): """Get a flattened list of the names in run() call fetches. Args: fetches: Fetches of the `Session.run()` call. It maybe a Tensor, an Operation or a Variable. It may also be nested lists, tuples or dicts. See doc of `Session.run()` for more details. Returns: (list of str) A flattened list of fetch names from `fetches`. """ lines = [] if isinstance(fetches, (list, tuple)): for fetch in fetches: lines.extend(_get_fetch_names(fetch)) elif isinstance(fetches, dict): for key in fetches: lines.extend(_get_fetch_names(fetches[key])) else: # This ought to be a Tensor, an Operation or a Variable, for which the name # attribute should be available. (Bottom-out condition of the recursion.) lines.append(fetches.name) return lines
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import math def distance_two_points(point_a, point_b): """ Calculate distance of two points. """ distance = math.sqrt(pow((point_a.pos_x - point_b.pos_x), 2) + pow((point_a.pos_y - point_b.pos_y), 2)) return distance
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def hex_to_RGB(hexstr): """ Convert hex to rgb. """ hexstr = hexstr.strip('#') r, g, b = int(hexstr[:2], 16), int(hexstr[2:4], 16), int(hexstr[4:], 16) return (r, g, b)
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def assert_interrupt_signal(library, session, mode, status_id): """Asserts the specified interrupt or signal. Corresponds to viAssertIntrSignal function of the VISA library. Parameters ---------- library : ctypes.WinDLL or ctypes.CDLL ctypes wrapped library. session : VISASession Unique logical identifier to a session. mode : constants.AssertSignalInterrupt How to assert the interrupt. status_id : int Status value to be presented during an interrupt acknowledge cycle. Returns ------- constants.StatusCode Return value of the library call. """ return library.viAssertIntrSignal(session, mode, status_id)
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def get_method_attr(method, cls, attr_name, default = False): """Look up an attribute on a method/ function. If the attribute isn't found there, looking it up in the method's class, if any. """ Missing = object() value = getattr(method, attr_name, Missing) if value is Missing and cls is not None: value = getattr(cls, attr_name, Missing) if value is Missing: return default return value
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def type_length(expr_type): """ Counts the number of parameters of a predicate. E.g. type_length(e) = 1 type_length(<e, t>) = 2 type_length(<e, <e,t>>) = 3 """ acc_first, acc_second = 0, 0 if expr_type is None: return 0 if 'first' not in expr_type.__dict__ \ and 'second' not in expr_type.__dict__: return 1 if 'first' in expr_type.__dict__: acc_first = type_length(expr_type.first) if 'second' in expr_type.__dict__: acc_second = type_length(expr_type.second) return acc_first + acc_second
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def permutationinverse(perm): """ Function generating inverse of the permutation Parameters ---------- perm : 1D array Returns ------- inverse : 1D array permutation inverse of the input """ inverse = [0] * len(perm) for i, p in enumerate(perm): inverse[p] = i return inverse
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def _zeros_like_scala(x): """Returns 0 which has the same dtype as x where x is a scalar.""" return 0
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def extract_arg_default(arg_str): """ Default strategy for extracting raw argument value. """ args_str_split = arg_str.split(" ", 1) if len(args_str_split)==1: args_str_split.append("") return args_str_split
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def group_words(words, size=2, empty=""): """Generates pairs (tuples) of consequtive words. Returns a generator object for a sequence of tuples. If the length of the input is not divisible by three, the last tuple will have the last len(words) % size spots filled with the value of empty. """ n = int(size) if n < 2: raise ValueError("size must be larger than 1.") it = iter(words) grp = [] try: grp = [next(it)] except StopIteration: return [] for w in it: grp.append(w) if len(grp) == size: yield tuple(grp) grp = [] if grp != []: grp += [empty] * (size - len(grp)) yield tuple(grp)
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def readFromFile(filePath): """ Read from the specifide file path. Parameters ---------- filePath : str The path to the file to be read from. Returns ------- contents : str The contents of the read file. """ with open(filePath, "r") as timeCheckFile: contents = timeCheckFile.read() return contents
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def get_num_bits_different(hash1, hash2): """Calculate number of bits different between two hashes. >>> get_num_bits_different(0x4bd1, 0x4bd1) 0 >>> get_num_bits_different(0x4bd1, 0x5bd2) 3 >>> get_num_bits_different(0x0000, 0xffff) 16 """ return bin(hash1 ^ hash2).count('1')
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import csv def read_headers(file_name): """ Generate headers list from file """ with open(file_name) as f: reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter=',', quotechar='"') # Skip the header headers = next(reader) return headers
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def get_final_dx_groups(final_exam): """This function separates the final exam data into diagnosis groups. Each dataframe that is returned follows a group of patients based on their progression during the study. cn_cn means a group that was 'CN' at baseline and 'CN' at final exam, while mci_ad means a group that was 'MCI' at baseline and 'AD' at final exam. This function only contains data for the final exam Returns a tuple containing the following items: cn_cn_f, cn_mci_f, cn_ad_f, mci_cn_f, mci_mci_f, mci_ad_f, ad_cn_f, ad_mci_f, ad_ad_f """ # filter the data cn_cn_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'CN') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'CN')] cn_mci_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'MCI') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'CN')] cn_ad_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'AD') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'CN')] mci_cn_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'CN') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'MCI')] mci_mci_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'MCI') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'MCI')] mci_ad_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'AD') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'MCI')] ad_cn_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'CN') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'AD')] ad_mci_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'MCI') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'AD')] ad_ad_f = final_exam[(final_exam.DX == 'AD') & (final_exam.DX_bl2 == 'AD')] return (cn_cn_f, cn_mci_f, cn_ad_f, mci_cn_f, mci_mci_f, mci_ad_f, ad_cn_f, ad_mci_f, ad_ad_f)
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from typing import List from typing import Tuple def tabulate(rows: List[Tuple[str, str]]) -> List[str]: """Utility function for printing a two-column table as text with whitespace padding. Args: rows (List[Tuple[str, str]]): Rows of table as tuples of (left cell, right cell) Returns: Rows of table formatted as strings with whitespace padding """ left_max = max(len(row[0]) for row in rows) out = [] for left, right in rows: padding = (left_max + 1 - len(left)) * " " out.append(left + padding + right) return out
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def hit(row, column, fleet): """ This method returns a tuple (fleet, ship) where ship is the ship from the fleet that receives a hit by the shot at the square represented by row and column, and fleet is the fleet resulting from this hit. :param row: int :param column: int :param fleet: list :returns fleet, ship: tuple """ for i in range(len(fleet)): for j in range(fleet[i][3]): # if horizontal if fleet[i][2]: if row == fleet[i][0] and column == fleet[i][1] + j: fleet[i][4].add((row, column)) return fleet, fleet[i] # if vertical else: if row == fleet[i][0] + j and column == fleet[i][1]: fleet[i][4].add((row, column)) return fleet, fleet[i]
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def get_instance_name(inst): """Get the name of an instance, or None if it doesn't have one. The name is the value for the metadata tag "Name," if it exists. """ if inst.get('Tags'): for tag in inst['Tags']: if tag['Key'] == 'Name': return tag['Value'] return None
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from typing import Iterable from typing import List from typing import Tuple def get_eigenvalues_with_degeneracies(evals: Iterable[float]) -> List[Tuple[float, int]]: """ Given a set of sorted eigenvalues (possibly including degenerate eigenvalues), return a list of (eigenvalue, degeneracy) pairs, with eigenvalues represented as floats rounded to 3dp. """ cur = None count = 0 result = [] for e in evals: e = round(e, 3) if e == cur: count += 1 else: if cur is not None: result.append((cur, count)) cur = e count = 1 if count > 0: result.append((cur, count)) return result
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def directly_follows(trace): """ Get the directly-follows relations given a list of activities Parameters -------------- trace List activities Returns -------------- rel Directly-follows relations inside the trace """ return set((trace[i], trace[i+1]) for i in range(len(trace)-1))
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import time def wait(sentry, timeout=900): """Waits for all units to be active/idle.""" def check_status(): status = sentry.get_status() for service_name in sentry.service_names: service = status.get(service_name, {}) for unit_name, unit in service.items(): if not unit['agent-status']: return False if not unit['workload-status']: return False if unit['agent-status'].get('current') != 'idle': return False if unit['workload-status'].get('current') != 'active': return False return True t0 = time.time() while time.time() - t0 < timeout: if check_status(): return time.sleep(1) raise TimeoutError()
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def _get2DOverlapBox(box1, box2): """Get 2D box where the two boxes overlap""" result = { 'left': max(box1['left'], box2['left']), 'top': max(box1['top'], box2['top']), 'right': min(box1['right'], box2['right']), 'bottom': min(box1['bottom'], box2['bottom']), } # ensure that right>=left and bottom>=top result['right'] = max(result['left'], result['right']) result['bottom'] = max(result['top'], result['bottom']) return result
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def squares_won(microboard, player): """ Return the number of squares won by the player on the microboard. """ return sum(map(lambda line: line.count(player), microboard.export_grid()))
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def least_distance_only(annotation, new_annotations): """Condition function to keep only smallest distance annotation per image Args: annotation: Current annotation being examined new_annotations: Dict of new annotations kept by image_name Returns: True if annotation image is not yet in new_annotations or distance is less than previous value. False otherwise. """ image_name = annotation["image_name"] if image_name in new_annotations: return annotation["distance"] < new_annotations[image_name]["distance"] else: return True
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import math def nernst_potential(ion_conc_out, ion_conc_in, charge, T, constants=None, units=None, backend=math): """ Calculates the Nernst potential using the Nernst equation for a particular ion. Parameters ---------- ion_conc_out: float with unit Extracellular concentration of ion ion_conc_in: float with unit Intracellular concentration of ion charge: integer Charge of the ion T: float with unit Absolute temperature constants: object (optional, default: None) constant attributes accessed: F - Faraday constant R - Ideal Gas constant units: object (optional, default: None) unit attributes: coulomb, joule, kelvin, mol backend: module (optional, default: math) module used to calculate log using `log` method, can be substituted with sympy to get symbolic answers Returns ------- Membrane potential """ if constants is None: F = 96485.33289 R = 8.3144598 if units is not None: F *= units.coulomb / units.mol R *= units.joule / units.kelvin / units.mol else: F = constants.Faraday_constant R = constants.molar_gas_constant return (R * T) / (charge * F) * backend.log(ion_conc_out / ion_conc_in)
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def _get_ch_type_mapping(fro='mne', to='bids'): """Map between BIDS and MNE nomenclatures for channel types. Parameters ---------- fro : str Mapping from nomenclature of `fro`. Can be 'mne', 'bids' to : str Mapping to nomenclature of `to`. Can be 'mne', 'bids' Returns ------- mapping : dict Dictionary mapping from one nomenclature of channel types to another. If a key is not present, a default value will be returned that depends on the `fro` and `to` parameters. Notes ----- For the mapping from BIDS to MNE, MEG channel types are ignored for now. Furthermore, this is not a one-to-one mapping: Incomplete and partially one-to-many/many-to-one. Bio channels are supported in mne-python and are converted to MISC because there is no "Bio" supported channel in BIDS. """ if fro == 'mne' and to == 'bids': mapping = dict(eeg='EEG', misc='MISC', stim='TRIG', emg='EMG', ecog='ECOG', seeg='SEEG', eog='EOG', ecg='ECG', resp='RESP', bio='MISC', dbs='DBS', # MEG channels meggradaxial='MEGGRADAXIAL', megmag='MEGMAG', megrefgradaxial='MEGREFGRADAXIAL', meggradplanar='MEGGRADPLANAR', megrefmag='MEGREFMAG', ias='MEGOTHER', syst='MEGOTHER', exci='MEGOTHER') elif fro == 'bids' and to == 'mne': mapping = dict(EEG='eeg', MISC='misc', TRIG='stim', EMG='emg', ECOG='ecog', SEEG='seeg', EOG='eog', ECG='ecg', RESP='resp', # No MEG channels for now # Many to one mapping VEOG='eog', HEOG='eog', DBS='dbs') else: raise ValueError('Only two types of mappings are currently supported: ' 'from mne to bids, or from bids to mne. However, ' 'you specified from "{}" to "{}"'.format(fro, to)) return mapping
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def get_deid_field_dict(item): """ Return a dictionary with custom fields from the DeID Upload metadata. :param item: the item with data. :returns: a dictionary of key-vlaue pairs. """ deid = item.get('meta', {}).get('deidUpload', {}) if not isinstance(deid, dict): deid = {} result = {} for k, v in deid.items(): result['CustomField.%s' % k] = str(v).replace('|', ' ') return result
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def _split_constraints(constraints, type_): """Split list of constraints in two list. The first list contains all constraints of type and the second the rest. """ filtered = [c for c in constraints if c["type"] == type_] rest = [c for c in constraints if c["type"] != type_] return filtered, rest
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def scrub(txt): """Returns sluggified string. e.g. `Sales Order` becomes `sales_order`.""" return txt.replace(' ','_').replace('-', '_').lower()
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import functools def cached_property(inputs=None): """Returns a cached proeprty that is calculated once. If inputs are specified, then if those properties change the propery is recalculated. Usage is as follows; given a class, you can declare a cached property with the `@cached_property` decorator: ```python class Swallow: def __init__(self, laden): self.mass = 5 self.laden = laden @cached_property(['mass', 'laden']) def air_speed(self): mass = self.mass + 16 if laden else 0 time.sleep(100) # must sleep after flying return mass / 400 ``` you can do the following: ``` s = Swallow(laden=False) s.air_speed # will be slow first time s.air_speed # returns instantly using cache s.laden = True # invalidate cache s.air_speed # will recalculate ``` i,.e. the `air_speed` will be lazily recalculated if `self.mass`, or `self.laden` change. Parameters: inputs - dependencies which should be checked for changes to determine whether to recalculate the property. If None then this property is only laxily calculated once. """ # Handle defaults inputs = inputs or [] # Wrap property method def smart_cached_property(func): @functools.wraps(func) def get(self): # Determine whether we can use the cached value input_values = dict((k, getattr(self, k)) for k in inputs) try: # Pull from cache if possible x = self._property_cache[func] if input_values == self.property_input_cache[func]: return x except AttributeError: # We haven't created the property cache yet self._property_cache = {} self._property_input_cache = {} except KeyError: # Input cache has been invalidated pass # Recalculate value x = self._property_cache[func] = func(self) self._property_input_cache[func] = input_values return x return property(get) return smart_cached_property
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def binarize(y, thres=3): """Given threshold, binarize the ratings. """ y[y< thres] = 0 y[y>=thres] = 1 return y
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from typing import List def _make_array(parts: List[str]) -> str: """ Utility to format an array of strings for passing to command line. :param parts: List of strings. :return: Formatted string. """ return "\"" + ",".join(parts) + "\""
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def make_snake_case(text: str) -> str: """ A very basic way to converts some text into snake case. Strips out any non a-z, 0-9 characters. :param text: :return: a string which snake cases the text provided """ chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890_' unclean = text.lower().strip().replace(' ', '_') return ''.join(e for e in unclean if e in chars)
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def annalistuser_create_values( coll_id="testcoll", user_id="testuser", user_name="Test User", user_uri="mailto:[email protected]", user_permissions=["VIEW", "CREATE", "UPDATE", "DELETE", "CONFIG", "ADMIN"] ): """ Values used when creating a user record """ d = ( { 'annal:type': "annal:User" , 'rdfs:label': user_name , 'rdfs:comment': "User %s: permissions for %s in collection %s"%(user_id, user_name, coll_id) , 'annal:user_uri': user_uri , 'annal:user_permission': user_permissions }) return d
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def identity(x): """Simple identity """ return x
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from typing import Mapping def is_upload(association): """ Indicates whether the association corresponds to an upload object. """ upload_keys = set([ 'created_at', 'id', 'job_id', 'updated_at', 'upload_content_type', 'upload_file_name', 'upload_file_size', 'upload_updated_at' ]) association_value = association.value return (isinstance(association_value, Mapping) and association_value.keys() == upload_keys)
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def lenprefix(data, nbytes=2): """Prefix `data` with its length, in `nbytes` big-endian bytes. If `data` is a string, it is first converted to bytes as UTF-8. """ assert type(data) in (str, bytes) if type(data) is str: data = bytes(data, "utf8") return len(data).to_bytes(nbytes, "big") + data
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from typing import List def _create_path_from_parts(path_parts: List[str]) -> str: """Creates the typical path format from a list of the individual parts Args: path_parts (List[str]): list containing the parts of a path Ex.: ['home', 'usr', 'dir1'] Returns: str: Concatenation of the parts to a path format Ex..: home/usr/dir """ return '/'.join(path_parts)
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def hamming_distance(w1: str, w2: str)->int: """Compute the hamming distance between the given strings""" d = 0 for i in range(len(w1)): if i >= len(w2): return d + len(w1) - len(w2) if w1[i] != w2[i]: d += 1 return d
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