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3hop1__139773_88110_77129 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Bodyguard (1992 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Frank, Rachel, Rachel's driver Henry (Christopher Birt), Rachel's son Fletcher (DeVaughn Nixon), and her sister Nicki (Michele Lamar Richards) then travel to a large lakefront cabin in the mountains, the home of Frank's father, Herb (Ralph Waite). The next day, Fletcher is almost killed when a bomb explodes inside the boat he rode moments before. After finding footprints around the cabin and sabotaged automobiles, Frank realizes that Rachel's stalker has followed them. After securing the house for the night, Frank learns that Rachel's obsessive stalker and the person trying to kill her are not the same person. Angry and drunk, Nicki admits that during a drug - induced fit of jealousy she hired a hitman to kill Rachel, but that the letters from the stalker came before that. However, she can not call it off because she does not know the killer's identity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mobil 1 The Grid",
"paragraph_text": "Mobil 1 The Grid is a motorsport magazine show, which airs on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on Saturday mornings (the first six episodes were shown on Friday nights), and is repeated during the following week on Motors TV. It is also broadcast on CBS Sports Network in North America, and Fox Sports 3 in Latin America. The show is narrated by Eddy Temple-Morris and Charlie Brougham, and supported by lubricant Mobil 1. It is produced by Sunset + Vine. The show first aired in March 2009, and there were 26 weekly shows during the first year. In 2013, this increased to 30 episodes supported, by a new website which hosts exclusive online features.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charles Jurine",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Jurine (1751–1819) was a Swiss zoologist who, inspired by a letter by Lazzaro Spallanzani to the Geneva Natural History Society, set about showing that bats used their ears to navigate. He corresponded with Spallanzani, who confirmed his findings but their work was largely ignored until the 20th century when Donald Griffin and G. W. Pierce proposed echolocation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Speaker",
"paragraph_text": "The Speaker is a 2009 British television series, broadcast on BBC Two. It is a talent show type series that aimed to find the best young speaker in the United Kingdom. The show is narrated by Jane Horrocks. The three judges are stand-up comedian Jo Brand, former basketball player and psychologist John Amaechi and Jeremy Stockwell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Os Nossos Dias",
"paragraph_text": "A popular soap opera (or telenovela) in Portugal running from 2013 to present, \"Os Nossos Dias\" follows the daily lives of its many characters. Among the typical soap opera-esque romances featured in the show, significant social-awareness issues have also been featured, i.e., domestic violence, living with HIV, and homophobia. Despite the thoughtful, progressive, and socially responsible scripts and production of \"Os Nossos Dias\", in 2015, RTP (the national television station airing the show), garnered widespread international criticism for censoring two scenes showing two of the major male characters, portrayed by Duarte Gomes and Sisley Dias, kissing as part of a major 'coming out' gay storyline.A popular soap opera (or telenovela) in Portugal running from 2013 to present, \"Os Nossos Dias\" follows the daily lives of its many characters. Among the typical soap opera-esque romances featured in the show, significant social-awareness issues have also been featured, i.e., domestic violence, living with HIV, and homophobia. Despite the thoughtful, progressive, and socially responsible scripts and production",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_text": "NBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded inMSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the network's naming. Although they had the same name, msnbc.com and MSNBC maintained separate corporate structures and news operations. msnbc.com was headquartered on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington while MSNBC operated out of NBC's headquarters in New York City. Microsoft divested its stakes in the MSNBC channel in 2005 and in msnbc.com in July 2012. The general news site was rebranded as NBCNews.com, and a new msnbc.com was created as the online home of the cable channel.MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Rachel Maddow Show",
"paragraph_text": " a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.TheThe Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Cash in the Attic",
"paragraph_text": "Cash in the Attic is a United Kingdom television show on the BBC. The show premiered in 2002. The programme's tagline was \"The show that helps you find hidden treasures in your home, and then sells them for you at auction\". The show aired its final episode in May 2012.Cash in the Attic is a United Kingdom television show on the BBC. The show premiered in 2002. The programme's tagline was \"The show",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Hyper-V",
"paragraph_text": " formerly known as Windows Server Virtualization, is a native hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on x86 - 64 systems running Windows. Starting with WindowsMicrosoft Hyper - V, codenamed Viridian and formerly known as Windows Server Virtualization, is a native hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on x86 - 64 systems running Windows. Starting with Windows 8, Hyper - V superseded Windows Virtual PC as the hardware virtualization component of the client editions of Windows NT. A server computer running Hyper - V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Xbox One system software",
"paragraph_text": "The Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One. It is a Microsoft Windows-based operating system using the Hyper-V virtual machine monitor and contains separate operating systems for games and applications that can run on the console. It is located on the internal HDD for day-to-day usage, while also being duplicated on the internal NAND storage of the console for recovery purposes and factory reset functionality.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Stargate Atlantis (season 1)",
"paragraph_text": "The first season of the television series \"Stargate Atlantis\" commenced airing on the Sci Fi Channel in the United States on July 16, 2004, concluded on The Movie Network in Canada on January 31, 2005, and contained 20 episodes. The show was a spin off of sister show, \"Stargate SG-1\". \"Stargate Atlantis\" re-introduced supporting characters from the \"SG-1\" universe, such as Elizabeth Weir and Rodney McKay among others. The show also included new characters such as Teyla Emmagan and John Sheppard. The first season is about a military-science expedition team discovering Atlantis and exploring the Pegasus Galaxy. However, there is no way to return home, and they inadvertently wake a hostile alien race known as the Wraith, whose primary goal is to gather a fleet to invade Atlantis and find their new \"feeding ground\", Earth.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Shelby Corcoran",
"paragraph_text": "Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy - drama series Glee. Portrayed by actress Idina Menzel, Shelby was introduced in the fourteenth episode of the show as the coach of Vocal Adrenaline, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group. Fans had lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel Berry's (Lea Michele) biological mother, due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. After it is revealed that Shelby is, in fact, Rachel's biological mother, Shelby discloses that she had signed a contract that stated that she could not seek out her daughter until she was eighteen. She tells Rachel that instead of trying to act like mother and daughter, they should just be grateful that they have met, and maintain their distance.Shelby Corcoran is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy - drama series Glee. Portrayed by actress Idina",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Codex Alexandrinus",
"paragraph_text": "The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. AThe Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Portrait of Mlle Rachel",
"paragraph_text": "Portrait of Mlle Rachel is an oil painting on millboard by English artist William Etty, painted during the 1840s and currently in the York Art Gallery. It shows the tragic actress Élisa Rachel Félix, better known as Mademoiselle Rachel, at the time one of the most acclaimed actresses in France. The subject is not shown looking at the artist, but glancing anxiously out of the picture with tears in her eyes. The work was probably painted during one of Rachel's tours of London in the 1840s. It appears unfinished, suggesting that it was painted in a single sitting and Rachel did not return to give Etty the opportunity to complete it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Die Oliver Pocher Show",
"paragraph_text": "Die Oliver Pocher Show was a late-night show with Oliver Pocher shown by Sat.1 in Germany on Fridays. The show is a mix of late-night comedy and personality. Each broadcast begins with stand-up comedy. There are generally two celebrity guests. During the first season, Pocher's father Gerard frequently appeared on the show as a sidekick.Die Oliver Pocher Show was a late-night show with Oliver Pocher shown by Sat.1 in Germany on Fridays. The show is a mix of late-night comedy and personality. Each broadcast begins with stand-up comedy. There",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which was the initial operating system that could facilitate Hyper-V protocol, a product created by the corporation indicated by the acronym MS, within the same network where one can watch The Rachel Maddow Show? | [
{
"id": 139773,
"question": "Where can you find the show The Rachel Maddow Show?",
"answer": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 88110,
"question": "what do the letters ms in #1 stand for",
"answer": "Microsoft",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 77129,
"question": "what was the first os to support #2 hyper-v",
"answer": "Windows 8",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Windows 8 | [] | true | What was the first OS to support the Hyper-V protocol, developed by the company that the letters MS stand for, in the network where The Rachel Maddow Show is found? |
3hop1__64694_34179_23375 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sid French",
"paragraph_text": "Sid French (1920–1979) was a British communist activist and organiser, former Surrey district secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and the founding general secretary of the New Communist Party of Britain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Zhejiang",
"paragraph_text": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the \"chief justice\" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province.Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).Islam arrived 1,400 years ago",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Alexander Danieliuk-Stefanski",
"paragraph_text": "lexander Danieliuk-Stefanski (also Stefański or ��tefanski; 30 November 1897, Warsaw – 21 August 1937, Moscow) was a Polish communist politician, active in Poland and in the Soviet Union. From 1931 to 1936,Alexander Danieliuk-Stefanski (also Stefański or Ștefanski; 30 November 1897, Warsaw – 21 August 1937, Moscow) was a Polish communist politician, active in Poland and in the Soviet Union. From 1931 to 1936, he oversaw the activities of Romanian communists in exile to the Soviet Union, and served as General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (PCdR). During the period, he was seconded by Elena Filipescu, who was also his lover.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Paul Vigouroux",
"paragraph_text": "Paul Vigouroux (1919–1980), also known as Mathieu Laurier, was a French political activist and anti-communist. He was a member of the Jeunesses Patriotes, La Cagoule, and was secretary general of the Parti français national-collectiviste (PFNC), a political party that was one of the forerunners of the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism.Paul Vigouroux (1919–1980), also known as Mathieu Laurier, was a French political activist and anti-communist. He was a",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Crisis in the Kremlin",
"paragraph_text": "egor Ligachev. Actual jokes recorded by the KGB can be found in the gameplay, depicting the concerns of the Soviet people in a humorous light.Crisis in the Kremlin is a 1991 strategy video game with managerial aspects in which the player acts as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 2017. The player assumes the role of the reformist Mikhail Gorbachev, the nationalist Boris Yeltsin, or the hardliner Yegor Ligachev. Actual jokes recorded by the KGB can be found in the gameplay, depicting the concerns of the Soviet people in a humorous light. The game was developed and released at a time when the Soviet Union was collapsing and breaking apart with the game's events making reference to that. Indeed, the Soviet Union dissolved in the same year as the game's release.. A remake and spiritual successor of the game was published in 2017 on the game platform Steam.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nStarting in 1985, the player",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in CzechoslovakThe Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms.The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS��), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": " number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.Armenia ( ar-MEE-nee-ə), officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportationThe TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Yakov Chubin",
"paragraph_text": "Yakov Chubin also known as Yakov Shub (Mstsislaw, Mogilyov Governorate, 1893 – Moscow, November 1956) served as the seventh General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Luigi Longo",
"paragraph_text": "Luigi Longo (15 March 1900 – 16 October 1980), also known as Gallo, was an Italian communist politician and secretary of the Italian Communist Party from 1964 to 1972.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional ``leading role ''in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, was established and remained affiliated with the CPSU. However, Lithuania's governing Communist Party was formally independent from Moscow's control -- a first for Soviet Republics and a political earthquake that prompted Gorbachev to arrange a visit to Lithuania the following month in a futile attempt to bring the local party back under control. The following year, the Communist Party lost power altogether in multiparty parliamentary elections which had caused Vytautas Landsbergis to become the first non-Communist president of Lithuania since its forced incorporation into the USSR.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "List of leaders of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "Under the 1977 Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was the head of government and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the head of state. The office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was comparable to a prime minister in the First World, whereas the office of the Chairman of the Presidium was comparable to a president in the First World. In the Soviet Union's seventy - year history there was no official leader of the Soviet Union office, but during most of that era there was a de facto top leader who usually led the country through the office of the Premier or the office of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). In the ideology of Vladimir Lenin the head of the Soviet state was a collegiate body of the vanguard party (see What Is to Be Done?).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "1989 Tiananmen Square protests",
"paragraph_text": "Party and government leaders Name Position (s) in 1989 Deng Xiaoping Chairman of the Central Military Commission; de facto ``paramount leader ''Chen Yun Chairman of the CPC Central Advisory Commission Zhao Ziyang General Secretary of the Communist Party of China First Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Peng Premier of the People's Republic of China Qiao Shi Secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary of the CPC Political and Legislative Affairs Committee Hu Qili First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party Yao Yilin First Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China Yang Shangkun President of the People's Republic of China Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Li Xiannian Chairman of the Conference National Committee Wan Li Chairman of the Congress Standing Committee Wang Zhen Vice President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin Communist Party Shanghai Municipal Secretary Li Ximing Communist Party Beijing Municipal Secretary Zhu Rongji Mayor of Shanghai Chen Xitong Mayor of Beijing Hu Jintao Communist Party Tibet Regional Secretary Wen Jiabao Chief of the General Office of the Communist Party of China Bold text indicates membership in the Politburo Standing Committee Italics text indicates Great Eminent Officials",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Leonid Brezhnev",
"paragraph_text": "Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (; Russian: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев, IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲid ɪˈlʲjidʑ ˈbrʲeʐnʲɪf] (listen); Ukrainian: Леоні́д Іллі́ч Бре́жнєв, 19 December 1906 (O.S. 6 December) – 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician. The fifth leader of the Soviet Union, he was General Secretary of the Central Committee of the governing Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1964 until his death in 1982. Ideologically, he was a Marxist-Leninist. He presided over the Soviet Union's greatest involvement in world affairs, including détente with the West. But he also increasingly confronted the Sino-Soviet split, which divided and weakened communist parties across the world. In domestic affairs, he presided over a steady decline in morale, marked by corruption, inefficiency, and rapidly widening weakness in technological advances, especially computers. Nevertheless he was a force for political stability inside the Kremlin, maintaining his power despite his rapidly declining health after 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mátyás Rákosi",
"paragraph_text": "Mátyás Rákosi (9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born Mátyás Rosenfeld in Ada (today in Serbia). He was the leader of Hungary's Communist Party from 1945 to 1956 — first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (1945–1948) and later holding the same post with the Hungarian Working People's Party (1948–1956). As such, from 1949 to 1956, he was the \"de facto\" ruler of Communist Hungary. An ardent Stalinist, his government was very loyal to the Soviet Union, and he presided over the mass imprisonment of hundreds of thousands of people and the death of thousands.Mátyás Rákosi (9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born Mátyás Rosenfeld in Ada (today in Serbia). He was the leader of Hungary's Communist Party from 1945 to 1956 — first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (1945–1948) and later holding the same post with the Hungarian Working People's Party (1948–1956). As such, from 1949 to 1956, he was the \"de facto\" ruler of Communist Hungary. An ardent Stalinist, his government was very loyal to the Soviet",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what year was the version of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact published by the individual who succeeded the president and general secretary of the communist party of the Soviet Union in the early part of the 1920s? | [
{
"id": 64694,
"question": "who served during the 1980s as general secretary of the soviet communist party and as president",
"answer": "Vladimir Lenin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 34179,
"question": "Who succeeded #1 ?",
"answer": "Joseph Stalin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 23375,
"question": "What year was #2 ’s version of the pact published?",
"answer": "1948",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 1948 | [] | true | What year was the publication of the version of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact by the successor of the president and general secretary of the soviet communist party during the early 1920s? |
3hop2__103889_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Aung Thet Mann",
"paragraph_text": "Aung Thet Mann (, ; born 19 June 1977), also known as Shwe Mann Ko Ko (), is a Burmese businessman and currently CEO of Ayer Shwe Wah, a major Burmese company. Aung Thet Mann's father is Shwe Mann, a former military general and Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw. He graduated from the Yangon Institute of Economics. Aung Thet Mann is married to Khin Hnin Thandar.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": "More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Constantinople",
"paragraph_text": "Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis; Latin: Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire (330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204 -- 1261), and the later Ottoman (1453 -- 1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD.Constantinople (Greek: ��ωνσταντινο��πολις Kōnstantinoúpolis; Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis) was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire (330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204 -- 1261), and the later Ottoman (1453 -- 1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330.Constantinople (Greek: ��ωνσταντινο��πολις Kōnstantinoúpolis; Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis) was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire (330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204 -- 1261), and the later Ottoman (1453 -- 1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330.Constantinople (Greek: ��ωνστ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaimEconomic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Zaw Win Thet",
"paragraph_text": "Zaw Win Thet (born 1 March 1991 in Kyonpyaw, Pathein District, Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar) is a Burmese runner who competed in the 400 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer of MyanmarZaw Win Thet (born 1 March 1991 in Kyonpyaw, Pathein District, Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar) is a Burmese runner who competed in the 400 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer of Myanmar sports team at the opening ceremony.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: that of Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented. Congress favoured a unified secular Indian state, whereas the League, fearing domination by the Hindu majority, desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions. Increasing civil unrest and the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy during 1946 led Attlee to promise independence no later than 1948. When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent, the newly appointed (and last) Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947. The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa, and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Burma, which had been administered as part of the British Raj, and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became members of the Commonwealth, while Burma chose not to join.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "All-India Muslim League",
"paragraph_text": "The All - India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state, Pakistan, successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire. The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure. Sir Syed had founded, in 1886, the Muhammadan Educational Conference, but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics. In December 1906 conference in Dhaka, attended by 3,000 delegates, the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party. Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims. From 1906 -- 30s, the party worked on its organizational structure, its credibility in Muslim communities all over the British Indian Empire, and lacked as a mass organisation but represented the landed and commercial Muslim interests of the United Provinces (today's Uttar Pradesh).The All - India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state, Pakistan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Constantinople",
"paragraph_text": "Constantinople (Greek: ��ωνσταντινο��πολις Kōnstantinoúpolis; Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis) was the capital city of theConstantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις Kōnstantinoúpolis; Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis) was the capital city of the Roman / Byzantine Empire (330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204 -- 1261), and the later Ottoman (1453 -- 1923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What method was used by the Ajuran Empire, symbolized by the act of coin minting to announce their independence, to remove individuals from the nation of Zaw Win Thet? | [
{
"id": 103889,
"question": "Where was Zaw Win Thet from?",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #2 expelled from #1 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were the people that the Ajuran Empire declared independence from by minting coins expelled from Zaw Win Thet's country? |
3hop1__77966_91191_156667 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Religion in Lebanon",
"paragraph_text": "Lebanon has several different main religions. The country has the most religiously diverse society of all states within the Middle East, comprising 18 recognized religious sects. The main two religions are Islam (Shia and Sunni) with 54% of followers and Christianity (the Maronite Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church) with 40.4% of followers. There is also the Druze minority religion, which under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2011 Census of India",
"paragraph_text": "The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths - Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while`` other religions, persuasions'' (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths - 4.957 million - strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million - strong Gond, 506,000 - strong Sari, Donyi - Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of Mike & Molly characters",
"paragraph_text": "Molly Flynn - Biggs First appearance ``Pilot ''1x01, September 20, 2010 Last appearance`` I See Love'' 6x13, May 16, 2016 Portrayed by Melissa McCarthy Information Gender Female Occupation 4th Grade Schoolteacher (Prior to Season 1 - Season 4), Writer (Season 4 - Present) Family Joyce Flynn - Moranto (mother) Mr Flynn (father; deceased) Victoria Flynn (Younger Sister) Vince Moranto (step - father) Spouse (s) Mike Biggs Children William Michael Biggs (Adopted Son) Unborn Child (expecting with Mike) Relatives Peggy Biggs (mother - in - law) Jack Biggs (father - in - law) Religion Roman Catholic Nationality American",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Izzie Stevens",
"paragraph_text": "Dr. Izzie Stevens Grey's Anatomy character The Season 6 Promotional Photo of Katherine Heigl as Dr. Izzie Stevens First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked'' (6.12) January 21, 2010 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Katherine Heigl Information Full name Isobel Katherine Stevens Title M.D. Family Robbie Stevens (Mother) Hannah Klein (Daughter) Spouse (s) Alex Karev (divorced) Significant other (s) Hank Denny Duquette (fiancé, deceased) George O'Malley (deceased) Alex Karev (divorced) Religion Catholicism",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ali",
"paragraph_text": "Ali had four children with Fatimah: Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Zaynab bint Ali and Umm Kulthum bint Ali. His other well-known sons were al-Abbas ibn Ali, born to Fatima binte Hizam (Um al-Banin), and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was Ali's son from another wife from the Bani Hanifa tribe of central Arabia named Khawlah bint Ja'far, whom Ali had married after Fatimah's death.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the Syro",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mr. Darcy",
"paragraph_text": " Derbyshire Family Spouse (s) Elizabeth Bennet Romantic interest (s) Elizabeth Bennet Parents Mr. Darcy and Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam) Sibling (s) Georgiana Darcyures Mr. Darcy's character despite the aforementioned hints (via the narrative voice and other characters' observations) that Mr. Darcy is really aFitzwilliam Darcy Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet by C.E. Brock (1895) She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Full name Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy Gender Male Age 28 Income £10,000 + / year (equivalent to £600,000 in 2016) Primary residence Pemberley, near Lambton, Derbyshire Family Spouse (s) Elizabeth Bennet Romantic interest (s) Elizabeth Bennet Parents Mr. Darcy and Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam) Sibling (s) Georgiana Darcyures Mr. Darcy's character despite the aforementioned hints (via the narrative voice and other characters' observations) that Mr. Darcy is really a noble character at heart, albeit somewhat prideful. Usually referred to only asFitzwilliam Darcy Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet by C.E. Brock (1895) She is toler",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Elias Zoghby",
"paragraph_text": "Elias Zoghby was born on January 9, 1912, in Cairo. His mother, Hanne Ishak Yared, was a Melkite Greek Catholic and his father, Abdallah Mikail Zoghby, was an Antiochian Orthodox convert and former Maronite Catholic. The couple had recently emigrated from LebanonElias Zoghby was born on January 9, 1912, in Cairo. His mother, Hanne Ishak Yared, was a Melkite Greek Catholic and his father, Abdallah Mikail Zoghby, was an Antiochian Orthodox convert and former Maronite Catholic. The couple had recently emigrated from Lebanon and settled in Cairo's Arb-el-Guenena neighborhood. The area had a Melkite church nearby which his parents attended. Elias and his siblings were baptized into the Melkite faith and raised in a devout household, attending liturgy daily, reading the bible together as a family and praying the Office every afternoon.Elias Zoghby was born on January 9, 1912, in Cairo. His mother, Hanne Ishak Yared, was a Melkite Greek Catholic and his father, Abdallah Mikail Zoghby, was an Antiochian Orthodox convert and former Maronite Catholic. The couple had recently emigrated from Lebanon and settled in Cairo's Arb-el-Guenena neighborhood. The area had a Melkite church nearby which his parents attended. Elias",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "William Jennings Bryan",
"paragraph_text": "William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 -- July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. He also served in the United States House of Representatives and as the United States Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, heWilliam Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 -- July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. He also served in the United States House of Representatives and as the United States Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, he was often called ``The Great Commoner ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation needed] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled in a small island. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian Native Americans. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured part of the Huguenots. The Portuguese threatened the prisoners with death if they did not convert to Catholicism. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced a declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith, became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Identity of the first male Muslim",
"paragraph_text": "One account in Tabari says that the first male convert is Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali is the first person to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "August 2013 Tripoli bombing",
"paragraph_text": "On 23 August 2013 two mosques were bombed in Tripoli, Lebanon. 47 people were killed and five hundred more injured in what has been called the \"biggest and deadliest\" bombing in Tripoli since the end of Lebanon's Civil War. and the bombings are widely considered to be part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War into Lebanon.On 23 August 2013 two mosques were bombed in Tripoli, Lebanon. 47 people were killed and five hundred more injured in what has been called the \"biggest and deadliest\" bombing in Tripoli since the end of Lebanon's Civil War. and the bombings are widely considered to be part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War into Lebanon.On 23 August 2013 two mosques were bombed in Tripoli, Lebanon. 47 people were killed and five hundred more injured in what has been called the \"biggest and deadliest\" bombing in Tripoli since the end of Lebanon's Civil War. and the bombings are widely considered to be part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War into Lebanon.\nThe first explosion hit outside the Al-Taqwa Mosque, home of the Sunni preacher Sheikh Salem al-Rafei. A few minutes later, a second blast rocked the Al-Salam Mosque on the streets of al-Mina, an affluent harbour area, home to moderates, businessmen and politicians. The two explosions resulted in extensiveOn 23 August 2013",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Abrahamic religions",
"paragraph_text": "The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic - originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham. The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham. Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward. As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions in terms of numbers of adherents.The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic - originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham. The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham. Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by theThe Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic - originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham. The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham. Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward. As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions in terms of numbers of adherents.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Zeus",
"paragraph_text": "Zeus (/ zj uː s /; Greek: Ζεύς Zeús (zdeǔ̯s)) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo - European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was married to the initial adherent of the predominant faith in Lebanon? | [
{
"id": 77966,
"question": "what is the most common religion in lebanon",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 91191,
"question": "who was the first convert to the faith called #1",
"answer": "Ali",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 156667,
"question": "What is #2 's spouse's name?",
"answer": "Khawlah bint Ja'far",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Khawlah bint Ja'far | [
"Fatimah",
"Fatima"
] | true | Who was the spouse of the first convert to the faith that is the most common religion in Lebanon? |
3hop2__49541_140712_51068 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jenn Grinels",
"paragraph_text": "Jenn Grinels is an American actress, guitarist, singer and songwriter. Originally from Northern California, Grinels settled in Nashville, Tennessee after studying musical theater at UC Irvine. Since late 2007 she has toured continuously in support of her albums, \"Little Words\" & \"Brokenheartbreaker\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Faerie Queene",
"paragraph_text": "Throughout The Faerie Queene, Spenser creates ``a network of allusions to events, issues, and particular persons in England and Ireland ''including Mary, Queen of Scots, the Spanish Armada, the English Reformation, and even the Queen herself. It is also known that James VI of Scotland read the poem, and was very insulted by Duessa -- a very negative depiction of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots. The Faerie Queene was then banned in Scotland. This led to a significant decrease in Elizabeth's support for the poem. Within the text, both the Faerie Queene and Belphoebe serve as two of the many personifications of Queen Elizabeth, some of which are`` far from complimentary''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Amy Farrington",
"paragraph_text": "Amy Farrington (born September 20, 1966) is an American actress and model that is best known for her role as Stacey Devers on \"The Michael Richards Show\". She was born in Boston, Massachusetts but raised in Garland, a suburb of Dallas, Texas. After attending a musical theatre conservatory program, she worked in local and regional theatres before moving to Chicago. In Chicago, she performed at several theaters including The Bailwick Repertory, The Court Theatre and the Steppenwolf Theatre. Twenty plays later, she moved to Los Angeles. Her first job was as a series regular in a pilot for NBC, followed by the series, \"The Michael Richards Show\" (2000), for the same network. She then went on to star in pilots for several networks and guest-starred and recurred on numerous sitcoms including \"Will & Grace\" (1998), \"Just Shoot Me!\" (1997), \"Malcolm in the Middle\" (2000), \"Two and a Half Men\" (2003), \"The King of Queens\" (1998) and \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\" (2006). Young Sheldon (2018).Amy Farrington (born September 20, 1966) is an American actress and model",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": " Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are a collectionThe Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are 140 royal ceremonial objects kept in the Tower of London, which include the regalia and vestments worn by British kings and queens at their coronations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Theater Television Network",
"paragraph_text": "The Theater Television Network was an early American television network founded in 1951. The network was not a traditional 1950s television network: unlike the other TV networks that operated at that time, Theater Network programs were not broadcast into homes; instead, they aired at participating movie theaters.The Theater Television Network was an early American television network founded in 1951. The network was not a traditional 1950s television network: unlike the other TV networks that operated at that time, Theater Network programs were not broadcast into homes; instead, they aired at participating movie",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)",
"paragraph_text": " she's a tyrant. ''Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth of Crims, the Red Queen. She is an amalgamation of two Carroll characters: the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. Her first name is a play on the word irascible becauseHelena Bonham Carter as The Red Queen. She is an amalgamation of two Carroll characters: the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. Her first name is a play on the word irascible because she is easily irritated, obstreperous, impatient, and quick to anger. Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased to three times its original size on screen. The character hates animals, and chooses to use them as servants and furniture. It is implied that the Red Queen beheaded her former husband, the King. The actress took inspiration from her young daughter Nell, a toddler, stating that, ``The Red Queen is just like a toddler, because she's got a big head and she's a tyrant. ''Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth of Crims, the Red Queen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Suzanne Legrand",
"paragraph_text": " réseau Gloria SMH (Gloria network) was a French Resistance network under theSuzanne Legrand is a French actress, musical theater performer and writer. Her career started on French TV with the series by in which she played the part of the youngest daughter. Since then she has played in many television series, movies, theater plays and musicals, in France and in the US. She has received several awards in international film festivals for her performance in La pisseuse (\"Desperate\") which she also wrote and directed with Frederic Benzaquen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Merritt Patterson",
"paragraph_text": "Merritt Patterson (born September 2, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Olivia on the short - lived Pretty Little Liars spin - off Ravenswood, and for playing Ophelia on E! network's television series The Royals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Gladys Bronwyn Stern",
"paragraph_text": "Gladys Bronwyn Stern or GB Stern (17 June 1890 – 20 September 1973), born Gladys \"Bertha\" Stern in London, England, wrote many novels, short stories, plays, memoirs, biographies and literary criticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Monsterpiece Theater",
"paragraph_text": "While using Muppet characters to act out educational principles, primarily Grover and other Muppet monsters, \"Monsterpiece Theater\" is also a parody of the similarly acclaimed PBS show \"Masterpiece Theatre\", now known simply as \"Masterpiece\". The theme song is also a modified version of \"Fanfare-Rondeau\", the \"Masterpiece\" theme song, only with trumpets and a much more upbeat tempo.While using Muppet characters to act out educational principles, primarily Grover and other Muppet monsters, \"Monsterpiece Theater\" is also a parody of the similarly acclaimed PBS show",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jenna Coleman",
"paragraph_text": "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British televisionJenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sam Fletcher (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sam Fletcher (1890 in Manchester, England – 22 January 1972 in Cranston, Rhode Island) was an English football (soccer) full back who played professionally in England, Canada and the United States. He later coached the Brown University soccer team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John Shuter",
"paragraph_text": "John Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath, Surrey, England – 5 July 1920, Blackheath, Kent, England) was a cricketer who played for England and Surrey in the late 19th century. He is best remembered for captaining Surrey to a string of wins in the County Championship around the time it became official in 1890, aided by the bowler George Lohmann and back up by John Sharpe and William Lockwood. Shuter first led Surrey to the County Championship in 1887. They then came first in 1888, tied with Lancashire and Nottinghamshire in 1889, and won again in 1890, 1891 and 1892. Shuter was a batsman and chiefly an off-side player.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hamburger Dinner Theater",
"paragraph_text": "\"Hamburger Dinner Theater\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Hamburger Dinner Theater\" originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States on February 20, 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who portrayed the British Queen in 1890 in the production by the network responsible for Monsterpiece Theater? | [
{
"id": 49541,
"question": "who was the queen of england in 1890",
"answer": "Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 140712,
"question": "What was Monsterpiece Theater's original network?",
"answer": "PBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 51068,
"question": "who is the actress who plays #1 on #2",
"answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Jenna - Louise Coleman | [
"Jenna Coleman"
] | true | Who is the actress who played the woman who was the Queen of England in 1890 on the network that produced Monsterpiece Theater? |
2hop__13574_13498 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "List of Swansea City A.F.C. seasons",
"paragraph_text": "Swansea have won the League Cup once, the Football League Trophy twice and the Welsh Cup 10 times. They have also qualified for UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 7 times and the UEFA Europa League once. In 2011, Swansea became the first Welsh club to play in the Premier League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of UEFA club competition winners",
"paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy) and seven more than Barcelona (Spain). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "As of December 2015[update], Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, three Copa Eva Duarte[note 2] and two Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. They have also won five UEFA Champions League, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. They also won a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup trophies, considered the predecessor to the UEFA Cup-Europa League.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of UEFA Super Cup matches",
"paragraph_text": "Milan and Barcelona share the record for the most victories, each having won the competition five times since its inception. Two of Milan's wins were achieved in consecutive years (1989 and 1990), which makes them the only team to have retained the UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona have the most appearances (nine) and also the most runner - up finishes (four). Spanish teams have won the competition the most times, with thirteen wins, ahead of the nine wins by Italian teams. The current holders are Real Madrid, who beat 2016 -- 17 UEFA Europa League winners Manchester United 2 -- 1 in the 2017 edition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Thierry Henry",
"paragraph_text": "In June 2007, after eight years with Arsenal, he transferred to Barcelona for a fee of €24 million. In 2009, he was an integral part of the club's historic treble when they won La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League. He went on to achieve an unprecedented sextuple by also winning the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. In total, Henry has been named in the UEFA Team of the Year five times. In 2010, he joined the New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer, winning the Eastern Conference title with the team in 2010. He returned to Arsenal on loan for two months in 2012. In 2013, Henry with the New York Red Bulls won the MLS Supporters' Shield.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Manchester United F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998 -- 99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League. By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016 -- 17, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions, and the only English club to have won every ongoing top - flight honour available to them.Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners'",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national leagueBarcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the UEFA Champions League final with a 3–1 win against Juventus, which completed the treble, the club's second in 6 years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed MSN, scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ipswich Town F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Ipswich have won the English league title once, in their first season in the top flight in 1961 -- 62, and have twice finished runners - up, in 1980 -- 81 and 1981 -- 82. They won the FA Cup in 1977 -- 78, and the UEFA Cup in 1980 -- 81. They have competed in the top two tiers of English football uninterrupted since 1957 -- 58. They have competed in all three European club competitions, and have never lost at home in European competition, defeating Real Madrid, A.C. Milan, Inter Milan, Lazio and Barcelona, among others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "AFC Ajax in European football",
"paragraph_text": "AFC Ajax is one of the most successful football clubs in Europe. There are only three clubs in the history of the game to have won the European Cup / Champions League titles (won four times by Ajax) three times consecutively. Only Real Madrid and Bayern Munich have achieved this feat aside from Ajax. Furthermore, Ajax have won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup once, the UEFA Cup once, the UEFA Super Cup three times, the Intercontinental Cup twice and the International Football Cup once. The club has also appeared in three additional finals finishing as runners - up. In the 1979 -- 80 season, Ajax player Søren Lerby was top scorer of the European Cup with 10 goals. Below is a list of all official European matches contested by Ajax.AFC Ajax is one of the most successful football clubs in Europe. There are only three clubs in the history of the game to have won the European Cup / Champions League titles (won four times by Ajax) three times consecutively. Only Real Madrid and Bayern Munich have achieved this feat aside from Ajax. Furthermore, Ajax have won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup once, the UEFA Cup once, the UEFA Super Cup three times, the Intercontinental Cup twice and the International Football Cup once. The club has also appeared in three additional finals finishing as runners - up. In the 1979 -- 80 season, Ajax player Sø",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case inBarça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of Spanish football champions",
"paragraph_text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Real Madrid, who won the 2016 -- 17 competition.Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deport",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of Spanish football champions",
"paragraph_text": " Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo LaReal Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Barcelona, who won the 2017 -- 18 competition.Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Manchester United F.C.",
"paragraph_text": " trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup,Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. The club has also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998 -- 99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League. In 2016 -- 17, by winning the UEFA Europa League, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions. In addition, they became the only professional English club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team that is organised by a national or international governing body.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the count of UEFA Super Cup honors garnered by the squad that has clinched the treble titles on two occasions? | [
{
"id": 13574,
"question": "What team has won the treble competitions twice?",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 13498,
"question": "How many UEFA Super Cup awards does #1 have?",
"answer": "five",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | five | [] | true | How many UEFA Super Cup awards have been received by the team that has won the treble competitions twice? |
3hop1__145924_131905_41948 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Systole",
"paragraph_text": "When the smaller, upper atria chambers contract in late diastole, they send blood down to the larger, lower ventricle chambers. When the lower chambers are filled and the valves to the atria are closed, the ventricles undergo isovolumetric contraction (contraction of the ventricles while all valves are closed), marking the first stage of systole. The second phase of systole sends blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and body extremities, and from the right ventricle to the lungs. Thus, the atria and ventricles contract in alternating sequence. The left and right atria feed blood, at the same time, into the ventricles. Then, the left and right ventricles contract simultaneously as well.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Escher Wyss & Cie.",
"paragraph_text": "The company was founded, as Escher Wyss & Cie., in 1805 by Hans Caspar Escher and Salomon von Wyss. Originally a textile spinning company, the two expanded the business to include a machine shop that manufactured textile machinery, water wheels, water turbines, power transmission equipment, and starting in 1835, ships, including boilers and steam engines. Escher and Salomon von Wyss. After having originally started the company as a textile spinning business, the two expanded their enterprise to include a machine shop that manufactured textile machinery, water wheels, water turbines, power transmission equipment, and starting in 1835, ships, including boilers and steam engines.\nAfter 1860, under the direction of Hans Zoelly, the company concentrated on hydraulic systems, steam engines and cooling systems. Between 1904 and 1929 steam turbines were produced for thermal power plants, ships and locomotives. The company also manufactured hydraulic systems for hydroelectric plants. Around this time it provided equipment for",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": "Hamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away inHamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "English Channel",
"paragraph_text": "The English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` British Sea''), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Wapizagonke Lake",
"paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.== Geography ==\nWith a length of 9.2 kilometers, the Wapizagonke lake is located near the west boundary of La Mauricie National Park in northern Shawinigan. Surrounded by mountains, this lake is a narrowThe Wapizagonke Lake is one of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Irish Channel, New Orleans",
"paragraph_text": "rish Channel (French: Manche irlandaise, Irish: Cainéal na hÉireann) is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans. It is a subdistrict of the Central City/Garden District Area. Although the original site was located predominantly on the east side ofIrish Channel (French: \"Manche irlandaise\", Irish: \"Cainéal na hÉireann\") is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans. A subdistrict of the Central City/Garden District Area, its boundaries as defined by the New Orleans City Planning Commission are: Magazine Street to the north, First Street to the east, the Mississippi River to the south and Toledano Street to the west.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bacteria",
"paragraph_text": "Bacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced. The second phase of growth is the log phase, also known as the logarithmic or exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the generation time (g). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth. The third phase of growth is the stationary phase and is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells reduce their metabolic activity and consume non-essential cellular proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to a stress response state and there is increased expression of genes involved in DNA repair, antioxidant metabolism and nutrient transport. The final phase is the death phase where the bacteria run out of nutrients and die.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Chenla",
"paragraph_text": "The \"New Book of Tang\" asserts that shortly after 706, the country was split into Land Chenla and Water Chenla. The names signify a northern and a southern half, which may conveniently be referred to as Upper (northern) and Lower (southern) Chenla. By the late 8th century Water Chenla had become dependent on the thalassocratic Shailendra dynasty on Java and the Srivijaya city-state on Sumatra. The last of Water Chenla's kings seems to have been killed and the polity incorporated into the Javanese monarchy around the year 790. Land Chenla maintained its integrity under Jayavarman II, who proclaimed the Khmer Empire in 802.. However, modern historiography applies the name exclusively to the period from the late 6th to the early 9th century. This period of Cambodian history is known by historians as the Pre-Angkor period. It is doubted whether Chenla ever existed as a unitary kingdom, or if this is a misconception by Chinese chroniclers. Most modern historians assert that \"Chenla\" was in fact just a series of loose",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Caspar Voght",
"paragraph_text": " own silk and linen trading company in Hamburg and later rose to the rank of senator in Hamburg.\nAt the age of 12, Caspar Voght fell seriously ill of smallpox which left permanent facial scarring. Other than making friends with Georg Heinrich Sieveking, whom he met as an adolescent in the Kontor of his father's firm, Voght was more inclined at this point in his life to dedicating himself to studyingCaspar Voght (17 November 1752 – 20 March 1839), later Caspar Reichsfreiherr von Voght (more commonly known as Baron Caspar von Voght), was a German merchant and social reformer from Hamburg (today Germany). Together with his business partner and friend Georg Heinrich Sieveking he led one of the largest trading firms in Hamburg during the second half of the 18th Century. On numerous trade trips, he completely crossed the European continent. One of his greatest achievements was reforming the welfare system of Hamburg. From 1785 he dedicated himself to strengthening agricultural and horticultural projects and built a model agricultural community in Flottbek, close to the gates of Hamburg.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "English Channel",
"paragraph_text": "The English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` Sea of Brittany''), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Human hair growth",
"paragraph_text": "During the telogen or resting phase (also known as shedding phase) the follicle remains dormant for one to four months. Ten to fifteen percent of the hairs on one's head are in this phase of growth at any given time. In this phase the epidermal cells lining the follicle channel continue to grow as normal and may accumulate around the base of the hair, temporarily anchoring it in place and preserving the hair for its natural purpose without taxing the body's resources needed during the growth phase.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Geological history of Earth",
"paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hubert Latham",
"paragraph_text": "thur Charles Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912) was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane onArthur Charles Hubert Latham (10Arthur Charles Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912) was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane on a body of water.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Luck Luck Ki Baat",
"paragraph_text": "Luck Luck Ki Baat is an Indian Television film on Disney Channel India. It a remake of the Disney Channel original movie The Luck of The Irish.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What other body of water decreased during the most recent cold phase, apart from the Irish Channel and the one near where Caspar Voght passed away? | [
{
"id": 145924,
"question": "In what city did Caspar Voght die?",
"answer": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 131905,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "North Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 41948,
"question": "Besides #2 and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?",
"answer": "English Channel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | English Channel | [
"The Channel"
] | true | Besides the Irish Channel and the body of water by the city Caspar Voght died in, what else lowered in the last cold phase? |
3hop2__49541_121067_51068 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Pacific Century",
"paragraph_text": "The Pacific Century was a 1992 PBS Emmy Award winning ten-part documentary series narrated by Peter Coyote about the rise of the Pacific Rim economies. Alex Gibney was the writer for the series, and Frank Gibney, his father, wrote the companion trade book, \"The Pacific Century: America and Asia in a Changing World\". The companion college textbook, \"Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia,\" was written and edited by E. Mark Borthwick. The series was a co-production of the Pacific Basin Institute and KCTS-TV in Seattle. Principle funding was provided by the Annenberg Foundation.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "John Veitch (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "John Gould Veitch (19 July 1869 – 3 October 1914) was an English amateur footballer, who played for the Corinthian club in the 1890s. He made one appearance for England playing at inside left in 1894, in which he scored a hat trick.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Gladys Bronwyn Stern",
"paragraph_text": "Gladys Bronwyn Stern or GB Stern (17 June 1890 – 20 September 1973), born Gladys \"Bertha\" Stern in London, England, wrote many novels, short stories, plays, memoirs, biographies and literary criticism.Gladys Bronwyn Stern or GB Stern (17 June 1890 – 20 September 1973), born Gladys \"Bertha\" Stern in London, England, wrote many novels, short stories, plays, memoirs, biographies and literary criticism.Gladys Bron",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Solar energy",
"paragraph_text": " and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power, and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersIn 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010.The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "List of English monarchs",
"paragraph_text": " Empire and Isabella of Portugal Mary I of England Winchester Cathedral 25 July 1554 No children 3 other marriages 7 children 13 September 1598 El Escorial Aged 71 Husband of Mary I Act for the Marriage ofThis list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal directly with the islanders when a ship visited an island. From 1900 the numbers of palagi traders in Tuvalu declined and the last of the palagi traders were Fred Whibley on Niutao, Alfred Restieaux on Nukufetau, and Martin Kleis on Nui. By 1909 there were no more resident palagi traders representing the trading companies, although both Whibley and Restieaux remained in the islands until their deaths.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jenna Coleman",
"paragraph_text": "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present).Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Lady Godiva Rides Again",
"paragraph_text": "The film is most notable for the presence of actresses who were later to become famous. Diana Dors, who appears as a beauty queen, was later marketed as the film's star. It also features Joan Collins in herThe film is most notable for the presence of actresses who were later to become famous. Diana Dors, who appears as a beauty queen, was later marketed as the film's star. It also features Joan Collins in her film debut as an uncredited beauty contestant. Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in England, also appears as an uncredited beauty queen. Ruth, who was four months pregnant at the time, had dyed her hair black and had styled it into a bob.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Cornish Blue",
"paragraph_text": "Cornish Blue is a type of blue cheese from Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is made by the Cornish Cheese Company at Upton Cross.It has won Gold in the British Cheese Awards 2004, Best Blue & Best English Cheese 2007, Royal Bath & West Supreme Champion Cheese 2010, and was recognised in December 2010 as",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "John Shuter",
"paragraph_text": "uter was a batsman and chiefly an off-side player. of Leonard Shuter, a stave timber merchant, andJohn Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath, Surrey, England – 5 JulyJohn Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath, Surrey, England – 5 July 1920, Blackheath, Kent, England) was a cricketer who played for England and Surrey in the late 19th century. He is best remembered for captaining Surrey to a string of wins in the County Championship around the time it became official in 1890, aided by the bowler George Lohmann and back up by John Sharpe and William Lockwood. Shuter first led Surrey to the County Championship in 1887. They then came first in 1888, tied with Lancashire and Nottinghamshire in 1889, and won again in 1890, 1891 and 1892. Shuter was a batsman and chiefly an off-side player. of Leonard Shuter, a stave timber merchant, andJohn Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "William Wilkinson (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "William H. Wilkinson was a footballer who made 29 appearances in the Football League playing for Rotherham Town andWilliam H. Wilkinson was a footballer who made 29 appearances in the Football League playing for Rotherham Town and Lincoln City in the 1890s. A goalkeeper, he also played non-league football for South Shore, Chatham and Gravesend United.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Annie Esmond",
"paragraph_text": "Esmond was born in Surrey, England. She made her stage debut in pantomime in Sheffield in 1891 and later appeared on the American as well as British stage for many years before going into silent films and later talkies. She became a prolific supporting actress in films, often playing servants and nannies, as in \"Dear Octopus\" (1943).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sam Fletcher (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sam Fletcher (1890 in Manchester, England – 22 January 1972 in Cranston, Rhode Island) was an English football (soccer) full back who played professionally in England, Canada and the United States. He later coached the Brown University soccer team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Trenton, Indiana",
"paragraph_text": "Trenton participated in the Indiana Gas Boom, and had two of Blackford County's many gas companies (Marion Creek Natural Gas Company and Trenton Natural Gas Company) that existed during the 1890s. The Gas Boom gradually ended during the beginning of the 20th century, and many small communities never recovered. During the next few decades, the quality of automobiles and roads improved—indirectly contributing to the decline of many small communities as consumers drove to larger cities.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the actress who played the queen of England in 1890 on the network that aired The Pacific Century? | [
{
"id": 49541,
"question": "who was the queen of england in 1890",
"answer": "Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 121067,
"question": "What company made The Pacific Century?",
"answer": "PBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 51068,
"question": "who is the actress who plays #1 on #2",
"answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Jenna - Louise Coleman | [
"Jenna Coleman"
] | true | The queen of england in 1890 is portrayed on the network that broadcast The Pacific Century by whom? |
3hop1__68981_91191_16530 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Madrasa",
"paragraph_text": "In Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In countries where Islam is not the majority or state religion, Islamic schools are found in regions such as southern Thailand (near the Thai-Malaysian border) and the southern Philippines in Mindanao, where a significant Muslim population can be found. expatriate population in India. As a gateway to South India, Chennai isAs Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a \"spurt\" of establishment of madaris in the 11th and 12th centuries. However, in Western Islamic lands, where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment, madaris were not as popular. Unlike the corporate designation of Western institutions of higher learning, the waqf designation seemed to have led to the exclusion of non-orthodox religious subjects such a philosophy and natural science from the curricula. The madrasa of al-Qarawīyīn, one of the two surviving madaris that predate the founding of the earliest medieval universities and are thus claimed",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": " the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that \"Siddi\" derives from a word meaning \"black\", the term is actually derived from \"Sayyid\", the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to the area. In the Makran strip of the Sindh and Balochistan provinces in southwestern Pakistan, these Bantu descendants are known as the Makrani. There was a brief \"Black Power\" movement in Sindh in the 1960s and many Siddi are proud of and celebrate their African ancestry.The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that \"Siddi\" derives from a word meaning \"black\", the term is actually derived from \"Sayyid\", the title borneThe Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means \"little black people\" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., \"little black person\"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means \"frizzy hair\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes.The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": " climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majorityWhile Southeast Asia is rich in flora and fauna, Southeast Asia is facing severe deforestation which causes habitat loss for various endangered species such as orangutan and the Sumatran tiger. Predictions have been made that more than 40% of the animal and plant species in Southeast Asia could be wiped out in the 21st century. At the same time, haze has been a regular occurrence. The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by \"slash and burn\" activities in Sumatra and Borneo. In reaction, several countries in Southeast Asia signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution to combat haze pollution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Religion in Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Country Population Christian Islam Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Brunei 400,000 37,600 9.40 300,400 75.10 1,600 0.40 1,200 0.30 34,400 8.60 24,800 6.20 400 0.10 0 0.00 Burma 47,960,000 3,740,880 7.80 1,918,400 4.00 239,800 0.50 815,320 1.70 38,415,960 80.10 2,781,680 5.80 95,920 0.20 0 0.00 Cambodia 14,140,000 56,560 0.40 282,800 2.00 28,280 0.20 0 0.00 13,701,660 96.90 84,840 0.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 Indonesia 239,870,000 23,747,130 9.90 209,166,640 87.20 240,000 0.10 4,077,790 1.70 1,679,090 0.70 719,610 0.30 239,870 0.10 0 0.00 Laos 6,200,000 93,000 1.50 0 0.00 55,800 0.90 0 0.00 4,092,000 66.00 1,903,400 30.70 43,400 0.70 0 0.00 Malaysia 28,400,000 2,669,600 9.40 18,090,800 63.70 198,800 0.70 1,704,000 6.00 5,026,800 17.70 653,200 2.30 56,800 0.20 0 0.00 Philippines 105,000,000 89,000,000 85.00 5,127,000 5.50 7,350,000 7.00 10,000 0.00 1,758,000 1.50 1,398,900 1.50 93,260 0.10 28,473 0.03 Singapore 5,090,000 926,380 18.20 727,870 14.30 834,760 16.40 264,680 5.20 1,725,510 33.90 117,070 2.30 493,730 9.70 0 0.00 Thailand 69,120,000 622,080 0.90 3,801,600 5.50 207,360 0.30 69,120 0.10 64,419,840 93.20 60,000 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 Timor - Leste 1,120,000 1,115,520 99.60 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 Vietnam 94,700,000 7,765,400 8.20 175,700 0.20 28,031,200 29.60 151,200 0.16 15,530,800 16.40 42,899,100 45.30 351,400 0.40 0 0.00 Total 593,410,000 116,571,210 21.33 245,594,630 40.38 31,903,260 4.70 6,932,110 1.17 143,582,660 24.20 47,540,670 8.01 1,374,780 0.23 28,437 0.00",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Khabarovsk",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsk is served by the Khabarovsk Novy Airport with international flights to East Asia, Southeast Asia, European Russia, and Central Asia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Religions and peoples are diverse in Southeast Asia and not one country is homogeneous. In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea and Timor. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation. In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia,Highland Philippines and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "God",
"paragraph_text": "There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one \"true\" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, \"He Who Is\", \"I Am that I Am\", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, \"Al-El\", or \"Al-Elah\" (\"the God\") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of Buddhism",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present. Buddhism arose in the eastern part of Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent through Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of the Asian continent. The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and schools, among them the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Identity of the first male Muslim",
"paragraph_text": "One account in Tabari says that the first male convert is Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali is the first person to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Umayyad Caliphate",
"paragraph_text": "Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, \"arbitration belongs to God alone.\" This group came to be known as the Kharijites (\"those who leave\"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary,The first amendment to the US Constitution states \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\" The two parts, known as the \"establishment clause\" and the \"free exercise clause\" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the \"separation of church and state\" doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church-state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was selected as the arbitrator by the initial follower of the religion predominantly practiced in South East Asia? | [
{
"id": 68981,
"question": "what is the most common religion in southeast asia",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 91191,
"question": "who was the first convert to the faith called #1",
"answer": "Ali",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 16530,
"question": "Who was appointed arbitrator by #2 ?",
"answer": "Abu Musa Ashaari",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Abu Musa Ashaari | [] | true | Who was appointed arbitrator by the first convert to the faith that is the most common religion in Southeast Asia? |
2hop__130984_55721 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Cuba-Rushford High School",
"paragraph_text": "uba-Rushford High School isCuba-Rushford High School is a public high school located in Cuba, Allegany County, New York, United States, and is the only high school operated by the Cuba-Rushford Central School District.CubaCuba-Rushford High School is a public high school located in Cuba, Allegany County, New York, United States, and is the only high school operated by the Cuba-Rushford Central School District.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Cloverleaf High School",
"paragraph_text": "Cloverleaf High School is a public high school located in Westfield Township, between the villages of Lodi and Westfield Center in Medina County, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Cloverleaf Local School District..\nThe school's colors are forest green and white.\n\n\n== Academic achievement ==\nCloverleaf has received the highest rating awarded by the Ohio",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Fullerton Union High School",
"paragraph_text": "Fullerton Union High School is a public high school located in the Orange County, California city of Fullerton, United States operated by theFullerton Union High School is a public high school located in the Orange County, California city of Fullerton, United States operated by the Fullerton Joint Union High School District.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Deception Bay State High School",
"paragraph_text": "Deception Bay State High School is a co-educational, state run high school located in Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia. The School services the Deception Bay area's high school students- years 7 to 12.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lithia Springs High School",
"paragraph_text": "Lithia Springs High School is a public high school located on East County Line Road, in Lithia Springs, Georgia, United States. It is also known as Lithia Springs Comprehensive High School. It was the second high school to open in the Douglas County School District.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Maynard Evans High School",
"paragraph_text": "Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The school's name is often shortened to \"Evans High School\" or \"E-HIGH\", and the mascot for the school are the Trojans.Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Middletown High School (California)",
"paragraph_text": ".\nMHS's graduation rate is 94.59%. 37.9% of the class of 2011 completed theMiddletown High School (MHS) is a small public high school located in Middletown, California, United States. It is the only comprehensive high school in the Middletown Unified School District.== Academics ==\nMHS offers AP courses in English literature, calculus, environmental science, U.S. history, and Spanish language",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Maria Carrillo High School",
"paragraph_text": "Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the SantaMaria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Maquoketa Community High School",
"paragraph_text": "Maquoketa Community High School is a public high school in Maquoketa, Iowa, United States. It is located at 600 Washington, Maquoketa, Iowa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Sandy High School",
"paragraph_text": "Sandy High School (formerly known as Sandy Union High School) is a public high school in Sandy, Oregon, United States, established in 1917. Originally located in a two-story schoolhouse, the high school was given its own standalone brick structure, used now as Cedar Ridge Middle School, in 1923, to accommodate a growing student body as the Portland metropolitan area and surrounding cities expanded in population.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Legend High School",
"paragraph_text": "Legend High School is a public high school in Douglas County School District RE-1. It is the first high school to be located within the city limits of Parker, Colorado, United States since Parker High School was closed in 1958.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Westerly High School",
"paragraph_text": "Westerly High School is a public high school located in Westerly, Rhode Island, United States. The school is part of Westerly Public Schools.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "East Ridge High School (Minnesota)",
"paragraph_text": "East Ridge High School is one of two public high schools located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States, the other being Woodbury High School. It is operated by South Washington County Schools. History ==\nIn District 833, the two public high schools Woodbury High SchoolEast Ridge High School is one of two public high schools located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States, the other",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Detroit City High School",
"paragraph_text": " City High School was a secondary school located in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was one of the many public high schools in the Detroit Public School District. It closed in 2012.Detroit City High School was a secondary school located in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was one of the many public high schools in the Detroit Public School District. It closed in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Climate of Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "The Pacific Ocean, the moisture - laden air above it, and the storms moving from it over the Oregon coast, are major factors in the state's precipitation patterns. As humid ocean air flows east from the ocean and encounters the Coast Range, it rises steeply, cools, and loses moisture through condensation, which produces heavy rain. The heaviest precipitation in the state occurs at 2,000 to 4,000 feet (610 to 1,220 m) above sea level in these coastal mountains. At lower elevations along the coast, orographic precipitation is less intense but still produces 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which location experiences the highest rainfall in the area where Sandy High School is situated? | [
{
"id": 130984,
"question": "What state is Sandy High School located?",
"answer": "Oregon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 55721,
"question": "where does it rain the most in #1",
"answer": "the Coast Range",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | the Coast Range | [] | true | What place gets the most rain where Sandy High School is? |
2hop__62311_62279 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Battle of the Bulge",
"paragraph_text": "affe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses., preoccupation with Allied offensive plans elsewhere and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather.The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 -- 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of World War II. The surprise attack caught the Allied forces completely off guard. American forces bore the brunt of the attack and incurred their highest casualties of any operation during the war. The battle also severely depleted Germany's armored forces, andThe Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 -- 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of World War II. The surprise attack caught the Allied forces completely off guard. American forces bore the brunt of the attack and incurred their highest casualties of any operation during the war. The battle also severely depleted Germany's armored forces, and they were largely unable to replace them. German personnel and, later, Luftwaffe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Britain",
"paragraph_text": "Battle of Britain Part of the Second World War An Observer Corps spotter scans the skies of London. Date 10 July -- 31 October 1940 (3 months and 3 weeks) Location British airspace Result British victory Belligerents United Kingdom Canada Germany Italy Commanders and leaders Hugh Dowding Keith Park T. Leigh - Mallory Quintin Brand Richard Saul L. Samuel Breadner Zdzisław Krasnodębski Hermann Göring Albert Kesselring Hugo Sperrle Hans - Jürgen Stumpff R.C. Fougier Units involved Royal Air Force Royal Canadian Air Force Foreign pilots from (show) Poland New Zealand Czechoslovakia Belgium Australia South Africa France Ireland United States Southern Rhodesia Jamaica Barbados Newfoundland Northern Rhodesia Luftwaffe Corpo Aereo Italiano Strength 1,963 serviceable aircraft 2,550 serviceable aircraft. Casualties and losses 1,542 aircrew killed 422 aircrew wounded 1,744 aircraft destroyed 2,585 aircrew killed and missing, 925 captured, 735 wounded 1,977 aircraft destroyed, 1,634 in combat and 343 non-combat Around 90,000 civilian casualties, 40,000 of them fatal.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "United States Air Force",
"paragraph_text": "Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as \"offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible\" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source and typically enjoys the initiative. OCA comprises attack operations, sweep, escort, and suppression/destruction of enemy air defense.The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "KEPD 350",
"paragraph_text": "Taurus KEPD 350 is a German air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by Taurus Systems and used by Germany, Spain, and South Korea. Taurus Systems GmbH is a partnership between MBDA Deutschland GmbH (formerly LFK) and Saab BoforsTaurus KEPD 350 is a German air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by Taurus Systems and used by Germany, Spain, and South Korea. Taurus Systems GmbH is a partnership between MBDA Deutschland GmbH (formerly LFK) and Saab Bofors Dynamics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Laird Bell",
"paragraph_text": "Bell received a KBE knighthood for his war-time activities on behalf of British War Relief. Following the war, he then played an active part, for a private citizen, in creating the New Europe. Bell returned to Germany as a legal adviser to Brigadier General William H. Draper. Jr., Head of the Economics Division, in General Lucius Clay's U.S. Military Government in Germany OMGUS. Draper's group brokered US interests in post-war German corporations. In 1945 and 1946, Bell \"stalked the corridors of Foggy Bottom\" in a \"one-man crusade against 1067\" a US rule that proposed a \"barbarous\" dismantling of Germany. As president of the Alumni Association of Harvard University in June 1947 Laird Bell organized the commencement speeches where Secretary of State George Marshall launched the European Recovery Plan. (General Omar Bradley was the main speaker that day). bear his name until its merger with Pittsburgh-based K&L Gates in 2009.\nBell served as the interim Chancellor of the University of Chicago in 1951, during the interregnum between Robert Hutchins and Lawrence A. Kimpton. Prior to that, Bell had been one of HutchinsBell received a KBE knighthood for his war-time",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dual Alliance (1879)",
"paragraph_text": " together for a common cause.\n\n\n== Alliance against Russia ==\nAfter the formation of the German Empire in 1871, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck wanted to portray his nation as a peacemaker and preserver of the European status quo, to gain more power for the German Empire and to unifyThe Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria -The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria - Hungary, which was created by treaty on 7 October 1879 as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. Also, each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power (generally taken to be France, even more so after the Franco - Russian Alliance of 1894). Germany's Otto von Bismarck saw the alliance as a way to prevent the isolation of Germany and to preserve peace, as Russia would not wage war against both empires.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS (\"Man Portable AD Systems\": typically shoulder-launched missiles). Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced \"SAM\" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "David Daube",
"paragraph_text": "David Daube (8 February 1909, Freiburg, Germany – 24 February 1999, Berkeley, California) was the twentieth century's preeminent scholar of ancient law. He combined a familiarity with many legal systems, particularly Roman law and biblical law, with an expertise in Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian literature, and used literary, religious, and legal texts to illuminate each other and, among other things, to \"transform the position of Roman law\" and to launch a \"revolution\" or \"near revolution\" in New Testament studies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "American Revolutionary War",
"paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th - century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Willis Bradley Haviland",
"paragraph_text": "Commander Willis Bradley Haviland, (10 March 1890 – 28 November 1944) was a pioneer military pilot in World War I and a Naval Air Station Commanding Officer in World War II. As the sixteenth American volunteer in the Lafayette Escadrille, he was among the first air combat pilots to fight the Germans in World War I, before the United States officially entered the war. He would later become the first pilot to launch a plane from a battleship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "American Revolution",
"paragraph_text": "Interpretations vary concerning the effect of the Revolution. Veterans who fought in the war referred to it as ``the revolution '', although the war is sometimes known as the`` American War of Independence'' outside the United States, particularly in the United Kingdom.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of these devices during an air raid is suspected to have caused the Bethnal Green disaster in 1943. Facing the threat of Japanese Kamikaze attacks the British and US developed surface-to-air rockets like British Stooge or the American Lark as counter measures, but none of them were ready at the end of the war. The Germans missile research was the most advanced of the war as the Germans put considerable effort in the research and development of rocket systems for all purposes. Among them were several guided and unguided systems. Unguided systems involved the Fliegerfaust (literally \"aircraft fist\") as the first MANPADS. Guided systems were several sophisticated radio, wire, or radar guided missiles like the Wasserfall (\"waterfall\") rocket. Due to the severe war situation for Germany all of those systems were only produced in small numbers and most of them were only used by training or trial units.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War. The term was first used by the British press as an abbreviation of Blitzkrieg (lightning war). The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940, a battle for daylight air superiority between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom. By September 1940, the Luftwaffe had failed and the German air fleets (Luftflotten) were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation. Adolf Hitler and Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, commander - in - chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered the new policy on 6 September 1940. From 7 September 1940, London was systematically bombed by the Luftwaffe for 56 out of the following 57 days and nights. Most notable was a large daylight attack against London on 15 September.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Space Race",
"paragraph_text": "For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States had used these weapons operationally during World War II, and it could use them again against the Soviet Union, laying waste its cities and military centers. Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in order to counter the perceived American threat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Declarations of war during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "1941 - 06 - 22 Nazi Germany Italy Romania Soviet Union A timed - declaration of war was given by Germany at the time of the attack Invasion The declaration is usually the act of delivering a performative speech or the presentation of a signed document by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more sovereign states. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in The Hague Peace Conference of 1907 (or Hague II). For the diplomatic maneuvering behind these events1941 - 06 - 22 Nazi Germany Italy Romania Soviet Union A timed - declaration of war was given by Germany at the time of the attack InvasionThis is a timeline of declarations of war during World War II.\nA declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. The declaration is usually the act of delivering a performative speech or the presentation of a signed document by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more sovereign states. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in The Hague Peace Conference of 1907 (or Hague II). For the diplomatic maneuvering behind these events, which led to hostilities between nations during World War II, see Diplomatic history of World War II.\n\n\n== List of war declarations ==\nBelow is a table showing the outbreak of wars between nations which occurred during World War II. Indicated are the dates (during the immediate build-up to, or during the course",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the airstrike by Germany initiated against the country that the United States had a conflict with during the American Revolutionary War? | [
{
"id": 62311,
"question": "who was the us at war with during the american revolution",
"answer": "Great Britain",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 62279,
"question": "when did germany launch an air attack on #1",
"answer": "10 July -- 31 October 1940",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 10 July -- 31 October 1940 | [] | true | When did Germany launch an air attack on the country the U.S. fought during the American Revolution? |
3hop1__145427_106426_77199 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pasadena Society of Artists",
"paragraph_text": "The Pasadena Society of Artists, founded in 1925, is one of the longest-running, nonprofit arts organizations in the state of California, USA.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mardi Gras in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In 1875, the state of Louisiana declared Mardi Gras a legal holiday. Economic, political, and weather conditions sometimes led to the cancellation of some or all of the major parades, especially during the American Civil War, World War I and World War II, but Carnival has always been observed in the city in some way.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "One Thrilling Night",
"paragraph_text": "The newlywed country bumpkins from Connecticut, Mr. and Mrs. Horace Jason (John Beal and Wanda McKay), check into the Hotel Clarke in New York City, prepared to spend their first night together as a married couple. It is also their first and last night before Horace joins the Army.The newlywed country bumpkins from Connecticut, Mr. and Mrs. Horace Jason (John Beal and Wanda McKay), check into the Hotel Clarke in New York City, prepared to spend their first night together as a married couple. It is also their first and last night before Horace joins the Army.The newlywed country bumpkins from Connecticut, Mr. and Mrs. Horace Jason (John Beal and Wanda McKay), check into the Hotel Clarke in New York City, prepared to spend their first night together as a married couple. It is also their first and last night before Horace joins the Army.The newlywed country bumpkins from Connecticut, Mr. and Mrs. Horace Jason (John",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Shirley Plantation",
"paragraph_text": " 1613 by Sir Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr and were named West and Sherley Hundred, probably because this Lord Delaware's wife Cessalye was the daughter of Sir Thomas Sherley (variant spellings being common at the time). Several years later, John Rolfe wrote A True Relation of the State of Virginia left by Sir Thomas Dale Knight in May last 1616. He named it one of six European settlements in the colony and noted that Captain Isaac MaddShirley Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent citiesShirley Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. Shirley Plantation is the oldest active plantation in Virginia and is the oldest family-owned business in North America, dating back to 1614 with operations starting in 1638. The plantation was added to the National Register in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "You Wenhui",
"paragraph_text": "You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Military history of Italy during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief - of - Staff, Marshal Badoglio:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Declaration of war by the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in strategy was also favoured to take place at night, to give the bombers greater protection under cover of darkness.[b] On 4 September 1940, in a long address at the Sportspalast, Hitler declared: \"And should the Royal Air Force drop two thousand, or three thousand [kilograms ...] then we will now drop [...] 300,000, 400,000, yes one million kilograms in a single night. And should they declare they will greatly increase their attacks on our cities, then we will erase their cities.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Declaration of war by the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war.The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "John Trumbull Birthplace",
"paragraph_text": "The John Trumbull Birthplace, also known as the Governor Jonathan Trumbull House, is a historic house museum on the Lebanon Green in Lebanon, Connecticut. Built in 1735 by Joseph Trumbull as a wedding present for his son Jonathan (1710-1785), the house was a center of political and military strategy during the American Revolutionary War, when Jonathan Trumbull was Governor of Connecticut. It was also the birthplace of John Trumbull (1756-1843), an artist known for his depictions of the war and its people. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark inThe John Trumbull Birthplace, also known as the Governor Jonathan Trumbull House, is a historic house museum on the Lebanon Green in Lebanon, Connecticut. Built in 1735 by Joseph Trumbull as a wedding present for his son Jonathan (1710-1785), the house was a center of political and military strategy during the American Revolutionary War, when Jonathan Trumbull was Governor of Connecticut. It was also the birthplace of John Trumbull (1756-1843), an artist known for his depictions of the war and its people. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "George VI",
"paragraph_text": "In September 1939, Britain and the self - governing Dominions other than Ireland declared war on Nazi Germany. George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, although they usually spent nights at Windsor Castle. The first night of the Blitz on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the East End. On 13 September, the King and Queen narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there. In defiance, the Queen famously declared: ``I am glad we have been bombed. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face. ''The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. They were subject to rationing restrictions, and U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded - up Palace. In August 1942, the King's brother, Prince George, Duke of Kent, was killed on active service.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Allies of World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Longest Night in Shanghai",
"paragraph_text": "The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai. It is a rare collaboration between China and Japan.The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Franco-Prussian War",
"paragraph_text": " III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of SedanWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses.\" The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "United States declaration of war on Japan",
"paragraph_text": "On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war (Public Law 77 - 328, 55 STAT 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message for the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message -- the high security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed down the process -- it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the date that the United States formally engaged in warfare with the nation that is credited with creating The Longest Night, in the hometown of You Wenhui? | [
{
"id": 145427,
"question": "Which city was the birthplace of You Wenhui?",
"answer": "Shanghai",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 106426,
"question": "Which was the country for The Longest Night in #1 ?",
"answer": "Japan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 77199,
"question": "when did the usa declare war on #2",
"answer": "December 8, 1941",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | December 8, 1941 | [] | true | When did the USA declare war on the country that produced The Longest Night in the city where You Wenhui was born? |
2hop__80070_89752 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government, the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence. The novel's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, which is a series of connected stories (``The Merchant's Tale '',`` The Parson's Tale'', etc.).The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian state resembling a theonomy, which has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " women, called \"Handmaids\", to child-bearing slavery. TheThe Handmaid's Tale is an American television series created by Bruce Miller based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Canadian writer Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016.The Handmaid's Tale is an American dystopian drama television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. The plot features a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War wherein a theonomic, totalitarian society subjects fertile women, calledThe first three episodes of the series premiered on April 26, 2017; the subsequent seven episodes aired on a weekly basis every Wednesday. In May 2017, the series was renewed for a second season scheduled to premiere on April 25, 2018. The Handmaid's Tale received widespread critical acclaim and won eight Primetime Emmy Awards from 13 nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, becoming the first series on a streaming platform to win an Emmy for Outstanding Series. It also won Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series -- Drama and Best Actress for Elisabeth Moss.The Handmaid's Tale is an American television series created by Bruce Miller based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Canadian writer Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "New England",
"paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total areaThe states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "maid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally publishedThe Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel is based around the journey of the handmaid Offred, an emphasis on the possessive form ``of Fred, ''as handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian state resembling a theonomy, which has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian state resembling a theonomy, which has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.The Handmaid's",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " Handmaid's Tale is an American dystopian drama television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. The plot features a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War wherein a theonomic, totalitarian society subjects fertile women, called \"Handmaids\", to child-bearing slavery. TheThe Handmaid's Tale is an American television series created by Bruce Miller based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Canadian writer Margaret Atwood. It was ordered byThe Handmaid's Tale is an American television series created by Bruce Miller based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Canadian writer Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Lifest",
"paragraph_text": "Lifest is an annual Christian music festival that takes place in Oshkosh, Wisconsin at the Sunnyview Expo Center. Lifest has the slogan \"A Party with a Purpose.\" It is one of the nation's largest Christian music festivals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Km. 0",
"paragraph_text": "Km. 0 is a 2000 film from Spain that tells several intertwining tales of mistaken identity and coincidental meetings (that may not be coincidental) that take place near the Kilometre Zero marker in the Puerta del Sol in Madrid.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Seventeen (Tarkington novel)",
"paragraph_text": "Seventeen: A Tale of Youth and Summer Time and the Baxter Family Especially William is a humorous novel by Booth Tarkington that gently satirizes first love, in the person of a callow 17-year-old, William Sylvanus Baxter. \"Seventeen\" takes place in a small city in the Midwestern United States shortly before World War I. It was published as sketches in the \"Metropolitan Magazine\" in 1914, and collected in a single volume in 1916, when it was the bestselling novel in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Samira Wiley",
"paragraph_text": "Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Last Crossing",
"paragraph_text": "A rethinking of the genre of the \"western\", \"The Last Crossing\" is a tale of interwoven lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from England to the United States and the Canadian west.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Yvonne Strahovski",
"paragraph_text": "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski (born 30 July 1982), known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski (), is an Australian actress. She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC spy drama series Chuck (2007–2012), Hannah McKay in the Showtime drama series Dexter (2012–2013), and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox event series 24: Live Another Day (2014). She currently stars as Serena Joy Waterford in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale (2017–present), for which she has received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sure of You",
"paragraph_text": "Sure of You (1989) is the sixth book in the \"Tales of the City\" series by San Francisco novelist Armistead Maupin. The story takes place around the eve of the 1988 presidential election in the U.S., three years after the previous book \"Significant Others\". The book was written as the end to the Tales series and is the antithesis of the first book.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the most expansive state found in the area where the narrative of the Handmaid's Tale unfolds? | [
{
"id": 80070,
"question": "where is handmaid's tale supposed to take place",
"answer": "New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 89752,
"question": "what is the largest state in #1",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Maine | [
"ME"
] | true | What is the largest state in the region where the Handmaid's Tale takes place? |
3hop1__102461_24918_24991 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Orange Winter",
"paragraph_text": "Orange Winter is a 2007 feature documentary by an independent Ukrainian-American filmmaker Andrei Zagdansky. The documentary deals with the fraudulent presidential election in Ukraine in November 2004 and ensuing days of mass protest, known as the Orange Revolution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mr William Collins",
"paragraph_text": "Upon the first night of his visit he spends time dining with the family and reading to them from Fordyce's Sermons in their parlour. It is at this point that Mr Collins seems to take a fancy to the eldest daughter, Jane Bennet. When discussing his intentions with Mrs. Bennet he is told that Jane may very soon be engaged. It takes Mr Collins only a few moments to redirect his attentions to Elizabeth Bennet, who in he believes in ``birth and beauty '', succeeds her sister.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of Moscow Kremlin towers",
"paragraph_text": "The following is a list of towers of Moscow Kremlin. The Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin is flanked by 19 towers with a 20th, the Koutafia Tower, not part of its walls..\n\n\n== Borovitskaya ==\n\nThe Borovitskaya Tower (Russian: Боровицкая башня, romanized: Borovitskaya bashnya) is a corner tower with a through-passage on the west side of the Kremlin. It is named after Borovitsky Hill, one of the seven hills Moscow is standing on. The tower was constructed in 1490 on the spot of an old Kremlin gate by Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari (P",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Andrey Gavrilov",
"paragraph_text": "1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). His best Olympic result was finishing in 15th place at the 1996Andrey Gavrilov (; born May 4, 1974) is a retired male butterfly swimmer from Kazakhstan. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). His best Olympic result was finishing in 15th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay event.Andrey Gavrilov (; born May 4, 1974) is a retired male butterfly swimmer from Kazakhstan. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). His best Olympic result was finishing in 15th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Peter Fliesteden",
"paragraph_text": "Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Moscow Kremlin",
"paragraph_text": "The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Моско́вский Кремль, tr. Moskovskiy Kreml, IPA: (mɐˈskofskjɪj krjemlj)), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. It is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. Also within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the tsar's Moscow residence. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Teheran 43",
"paragraph_text": "\"Teheran 43\" starts in 1980 in Paris. The memories of hero Andrei take the story back to 1943. The Germans planned to assassinate the three men. 37 years later, the German agent Max lives with Françoise, a young Parisian woman, who hides him. But another Nazi, Scherner, is hunting down Max who failed to carry out the planned assassinations. Max trusts Françoise, but he doesn't know that she works for Scherner. Another plot in the movie is the romance between Andrei and the French woman Marie in 1943, followed in 1980. It won the Golden Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival in 1981.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTeheran 43 starts in 1980 in Paris. The memories of hero Andrei take the story back to 1943.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist PartyIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefsThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism. last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.\n\n\n== Andrey Dashkov bio ==\nAndrey Georgievich Dashkov (Андрей Георгиевич Дашков) was born 28 January 1965, in Kharkiv, Soviet Ukraine. He graduatedAndrey Dash",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": " as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot beFrom Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land, sea and air. She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. Throughout her reign, the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth; she is the most widely travelled head of state.The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": " by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv,On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kremlin, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Kremlin is an unincorporated community located in the town of Pembine, Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. Kremlin is located on the Canadian National Railway southeast of Niagara.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yu Lihua",
"paragraph_text": "Yu Lihua was born in Shanghai and went to university in Taiwan, taking history at National Taiwan University. Then she went to the United States to do a graduate degree in journalism at UCLA and then to teach Chinese literature in the Department of Comparative University at the State University of New York.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What transpired after the President of the Soviet Union left the Kremlin to visit Andrey Dashkov's homeland during ongoing protests? | [
{
"id": 102461,
"question": "What was Andrey Dashkov birth country?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 24918,
"question": "Who visited the #1 while the protests were taking place?",
"answer": "Gorbachev",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 24991,
"question": "What went down after #2 departed from the Kremlin?",
"answer": "Soviet flag",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Soviet flag | [
"USSR",
"Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Soviet Union"
] | true | What went down after the Soviet President visiting the the birth country of Andrey Dashkov while the protests were taking place departed from the Kremlin? |
3hop1__41865_55331_34700 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "RMS Titanic",
"paragraph_text": "RMS \"Titanic\" was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1912 after the ship struck an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it one of modern history's deadliest peacetime commercial marine disasters. RMS \"Titanic\" was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three s operated by the White Star Line. She was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, chief naval architect of the shipyard at the time, died in the disaster.RMS \"Titanic\" was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1912 after the ship struck an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Naval Base San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "aval Base San Diego is a United States Navy base in San Diego, California. It is the world's second largest surface ship naval base. NavalNaval Base San Diego, which locals refer to as 32nd Street Naval Station, is the second largestNaval Base San Diego, which locals refer to as 32nd Street Naval Station, is the second largest Surface Ship base of the United States Navy and is located in San Diego, California. Naval Base San Diego is the principal homeport of the Pacific Fleet, consisting of over 50 ships and over 190 tenant commands. The base is composed of 13 piers stretched over 977 acres (3.95 km) of land and 326 acres (1.32 km) of water. The total on base population is over 24,000 military personnel and over 10,000 civilians.Naval Base San Diego, which locals refer to as 32nd Street Naval Station, is the second largest Surface Ship base of the United States Navy",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Warrior-class ironclad",
"paragraph_text": " of rifled breech-loading and muzzle-loading smoothbore guns, but the Armstrong breech-loading guns proved unreliable and were ultimately withdrawn from service.The \"Warrior\"-class ironclads were a class of two warships built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1862, the first ocean-going ironclads with iron hulls ever constructed. The ships were designed as armoured frigates in response to an invasion scare sparked by the launch of the and her three sisters in 1858. They were initially armed with a mix of rifled breech-loading and muzzle-loading smoothbore guns, but the Armstrong breech-loading guns proved unreliable and were ultimately withdrawn from service.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Forestry Farm Park and Zoo",
"paragraph_text": "The Forestry Farm Park and Zoo is a forested park and zoo located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The park was originally established as the Dominion Forest Nursery Station and later Sutherland Forest Nursery Station. Between 1913-1966 was responsible for growing and shipping 147 million trees shipped across the northern prairie provinces. The first shipment of trees were sent to farmers in 1916. The park is designated a National Historic Site of Canada. The nursery grew caragana, ash, maple, elm, and willow. After the nursery closed in 1966 a portion was re-opened as a city park.The Forestry Farm Park and Zoo is a forested park and zoo located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The park was originally established as the Dominion Forest Nursery Station and later Sutherland Forest Nursery Station. Between 1913-1966 was responsible for growing and shipping 147 million trees shipped across the northern prairie provinces. The first shipment of trees were sent to farmers in 1916. The park is designated a National Historic Site of Canada. The nursery grew caragana, ash, maple, elm, and willow. After the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": " the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectivelyThe Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German -",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "851 Naval Air Squadron",
"paragraph_text": "851 Naval Air Squadron was a Fleet Air Arm squadron of the Royal Navy, first formed in October 1943 at Squantum Naval Air Station in Massachusetts, United851 Naval Air Squadron was a Fleet Air Arm squadron of the Royal Navy, first formed in October 1943 at Squantum Naval Air Station in Massachusetts, United States as a MAC-ship escort squadron. It was later disbanded around December 1945.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Greek ironclad Hydra",
"paragraph_text": "Hydra () was an ironclad warship of the Greek Navy, named for Hydra, one of the Saronic Gulf islands which played a key role in the war at sea during the Greek War of Independence. The lead ship of her class of ironclads, she was ordered in 1885 in response to a crisis in the Balkans and Ottoman naval expansion. The ship was launched in 1889 and delivered to Greece by 1892. She was armed with a main battery of three guns and five guns, and had a top speed of .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Garonne",
"paragraph_text": "The Garonne follows the Aran Valley northwards into France, flowing via Toulouse and Agen towards Bordeaux, where it meets the Gironde estuary. The Gironde flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay). Along its course, the Garonne is joined by three other major rivers: the Ariège, the Tarn, and the Lot. Just after Bordeaux, the Garonne meets the Dordogne at the Bec d'Ambès, forming the Gironde estuary, which after approximately empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Other tributaries include the Save and the Gers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Buck passing",
"paragraph_text": "``The buck stops here ''is a phrase that was popularized by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who kept a sign with that phrase on his desk in the Oval Office. The phrase refers to the notion that the President has to make the decisions and accept the ultimate responsibility for those decisions. Truman received the sign as a gift from a prison warden who was also an avid poker player. It is also the motto of the U.S. Naval Aircraft Carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN - 75).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Roman Republic",
"paragraph_text": "After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large fleet was raised in the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea of Cilician pirates. During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Franco-Prussian War",
"paragraph_text": "The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter. The rest of the navy retired to ports along the English Channel and remained in port for the rest of the war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "North Sea",
"paragraph_text": "The North Sea is bounded by the Orkney Islands and east coast of Great Britain to the west and the northern and central European mainland to the east and south, including Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively. In the north it is bordered by the Shetland Islands, and connects with the Norwegian Sea, which lies in the very north - eastern part of the Atlantic.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about 1,230 km (760 mi),[note 2][note 1] with an average discharge of about 2,900 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Outline of France",
"paragraph_text": "France -- country in Western Europe with several overseas regions and territories. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. From its shape, it is often referred to in French as l'Hexagone (``The Hexagon '').",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Secretary General of NATO",
"paragraph_text": "The Secretary General of NATO (French: Secrétaire général de l'OTAN) is an international diplomat who serves as the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Secretary General is responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff, chairing the meetings of the North Atlantic Council and most major committees of the alliance, with the notable exception of the NATO Military Committee, and acting as NATO's spokesperson. However, the Secretary General does not have any military command role, and political, military and strategic decisions ultimately rest with the member states. Together with the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee and the Supreme Allied Commander the Secretary General is one of the foremost officials of NATO. The current Secretary General is Jens Stoltenberg, the former Prime Minister of Norway, who took office on 1 October 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who dispatched marine vessels to the maritime space that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the sea into which the Rhine flows? | [
{
"id": 41865,
"question": "Where does the Rhine empty?",
"answer": "North Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 55331,
"question": "where does #1 meet the atlantic",
"answer": "the English Channel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 34700,
"question": "Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to #2 ?",
"answer": "Caesar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Caesar | [] | true | Who sent naval ships to the body of water that joins the Atlantic and the sea where the Rhine ends? |
2hop__228_90265 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jackson family",
"paragraph_text": "The Jackson family is an American family of singers who originated in Gary, Indiana. Performing as members of The Jackson 5 and as solo artists, the children of Joseph Walter and Katherine Esther Jackson were very successful in the field of popular music from the late 1960s onwards. As a group, the eldest sons Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, Michael, and later with the inclusion of Randy made the family's reputation, facilitating the subsequent success of siblings Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet. The Jackson 5 became known as the ``First Family of Soul ''(a title first held by the Five Stairsteps). The continued success of Michael and Janet's careers as solo artists led the Jacksons to become known as the`` Royal Family of Pop''. All nine of the Jackson siblings have gold records to their credits with La Toya holding the distinction of being the first Jackson sister to attain one (awarded by France's SNEP for ``Reggae Night '', a song she co-wrote for Jimmy Cliff).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kai Altair",
"paragraph_text": "Kai Altair is an American singer/songwriter based in Brooklyn, New York. Altair attended the Manhattan School of Music and the Brooklyn Conservatory, and her style is influenced by dance culture, myth, storytelling, and dreams.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Quintet/Sextet",
"paragraph_text": "Miles Davis and Milt Jackson Quintet/Sextet, also known as Quintet/Sextet and sometimes also as Miles Davis and Milt Jackson and reissued as Miles Davis: Odyssey!, is an album which compiles recordings made for Prestige Records on August 5, 1955 by Miles Davis. Credited to \"Miles Davis and Milt Jackson\", this was an \"all-star\" session, and did not feature any of the members of Davis's working group of the time (Sonny Rollins, Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones). Jackie McLean only plays on his own compositions.Miles Davis and Milt Jackson Quintet/Sextet, also known as Quintet/Sextet and sometimes also as Miles Davis and Milt Jackson",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Jackson 5",
"paragraph_text": "The Jackson 5, or Jackson Five, currently known as the Jacksons, are an American family music group. Formed in 1964, theThe Jackson 5, or Jackson Five, currently known as the Jacksons, are an American family music group. Formed in 1964, the founding members were elder brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Younger brothers Marlon and Michael would join soon after. They participated in talent shows and performed in clubs on the Chitlin 'Circuit. They entered the professional music scene in 1967, signing with Steeltown Records and releasing two singles with the Steeltown label. In 1969, the group left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown.The Jackson 5, or Jackson Five, currently known as the Jacksons, are an American family music group. Formed in 1964, the founding members were elder brothers Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Younger brothers Marlon and Michael would join soon after.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Emmaline Henry",
"paragraph_text": "Emmaline Henry (November 1, 1928 -- October 8, 1979) was an American actress best known for playing Amanda Bellows, the wife of Dr. Alfred Bellows, on the hit 1960s situation comedy I Dream of Jeannie.Emmaline Henry (November 1, 1928 -- October 8, 1979) was an American actress best known for playing Amanda Bellows, the wife of Dr. Alfred Bellows, on the hit 1960s situation comedy I Dream of Jeannie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Barry Mahon",
"paragraph_text": "Barry Mahon, born Jackson Barrett Mahon (February 5, 1921, Bakersfield, California – December 4, 1999, Las Vegas, Nevada), was an American film director, cinematographer and producer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Fletcher Allen",
"paragraph_text": "Fletcher Allen (July 25, 1905 – August 5, 1995) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist and composer. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. His composition \"Viper's Dream\" has become a jazz staple.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Green Meadow",
"paragraph_text": "\"The Green Meadow\" is a short story by H. P. Lovecraft and Winifred V. Jackson written in 1918/1919 and published in the spring 1927 issue of \"The Vagrant\". As in their other collaboration, \"The Crawling Chaos\", both authors used pseudonyms — the tale was published as by \"Elizabeth Neville Berkeley\" (Jackson) and \"Lewis Theobald, Jun.\" (Lovecraft). Lovecraft wrote the entire text but Jackson is credited since it was based on a dream she had experienced.\"The Green Meadow\" is a short story by H. P. Lovecraft and Winifred V. Jackson written in 1918/1919 and published in the spring 1927 issue of \"The Vagrant\". As in their other collaboration, \"The Crawling Chaos\", both authors used pseudonyms — the tale was published as by",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Follow That Dream",
"paragraph_text": " Richard P. Powell. Producer Walter Mirisch liked the song \"Follow that Dream\" and retitled the picture. The movie reached #5 on the \"Variety\" weekly Box Office Survey, staying on the chart for three weeks, and finishing at #33 on the year end list of the top-grossing movies of 1962.FFollow That Dream is a 1962 American musical film starring Elvis Presley made by Mirisch Productions. The movie was based on the 1959 novel \"Pioneer, Go Home!\" by Richard P. Powell. Producer Walter Mirisch liked the song \"Follow that Dream\" and retitled the picture. The movie reached #5 on the \"Variety\" weekly Box Office Survey, staying on the chart for three weeks, and finishing at #33 on the year end list of the top-grossing movies of 1962.== Plot ==\nA vagabond family composed of Pop Kwimper (Arthur O'Connell), his good-natured but uns",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream",
"paragraph_text": "ylie Draper - Michael Jackson Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby) Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (agesThe miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and Angel Vargas played Tito Jackson, Margaret Avery as Katherine's mother Martha Scruse, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy and Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe. The opening titles of the film shows footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing, performing on stage, a few clips from the ``Can You Feel It ''music video, album covers, magazine covers and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, who issued the 1990 autobiography, My Family. Part one of the film was based on how Joseph and Katherine managed to raise their children, first in Gary, Indiana, then later dealing with The Jackson 5's early fame and its consequences. Part two of the film is based on the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he deals with his brothers marrying early into The Jackson 5 success, his problems with acne as a teenager, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller and his legendary Motown 25 performance of`` Billie Jean'' as well as his difficult relationship with his father.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, \"if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed.\" She admires Diana Ross as an \"all-around entertainer\" and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did.\" She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song \"Vision of Love\" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell.On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jeannie Aur Juju",
"paragraph_text": " is adapted from the American sitcom \"I Dream of Jeannie\". Ali Asgar plays an avatar who discovers a 2000-year-old genie originally played by Giaa Manek.Jeannie Aur Juju () is an Indian sitcom with a fantasy premise which aired on SAB TV Monday through Friday nights. It premiered on 5 November 2012 and ended on 6 June 2014. It is adapted from the American sitcom \"I Dream of Jeannie\". Ali Asgar plays an avatar who discovers a 2000-year-old genie originally played by Giaa Manek.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Afzal Ahmed Khan",
"paragraph_text": "Afzal Ahmed Khan is a graduate from Aligarh Muslim University who was born and brought up in a literary environment. His major influences came from his grandfather, who he was very close to. Afzal had always dream of making it big in Bollywood since the age of 5 years. Though, no one in his family believed him then. It was only after his graduation that family members took him seriously.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Larry Hardy (American football)",
"paragraph_text": "Larry Hardy (born July 9, 1956 in Mendenhall, Mississippi) is a retired American football tight end who played eight seasons in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints. He played college football at Jackson State University.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Steven Diaz",
"paragraph_text": "Steven Diaz (born May 11, 1986 in Jackson Heights, New York) is an American soccer player who most recently played for the New York Cosmos.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the film The Jackson 5 American Dream, who portrayed the artist that had a significant impact on Beyonce? | [
{
"id": 228,
"question": "Who influenced Beyonce?",
"answer": "Michael Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 90265,
"question": "who played #1 in the jackson 5 american dream",
"answer": "Wylie Draper",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Wylie Draper | [] | true | Who played the artist that influenced Beyonce, in The Jackson 5 American Dream? |
3hop1__160324_131905_41948 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "WWFP",
"paragraph_text": "WFP (90.5 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc.. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station'sWWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.WWFP (90.5 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc.. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station'sWWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.WWFP (90.5 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc.. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station'sWWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.WWFP (90.5 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc.. ItWWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "English Channel",
"paragraph_text": "The English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` Sea of Brittany''), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": "Hamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Islamic Centre Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": "During a meeting at Atlantic Hotel (Hamburg) in 1953, a group of Iranian residents of Germany discussed the need to establish their own religious center. A letter was sent to the late Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Husayn Borujerdi asking him for help; Grand Ayatollah agreed with the plan and donated 100,000 Rials to the center. The construction began in 1960 and by 1965 it was completed. In the same year Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti was appointed to lead the center.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Geological history of Earth",
"paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Puffin Island (Baccalieu Tickle), Newfoundland and Labrador",
"paragraph_text": "Puffin Island is a small island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in a navigation channel called Baccalieu Tickle and just off the coast of Baccalieu Island. The island is an ecological reserve for its population of Atlantic puffin. The island is inaccessible from the water and provides ideal protection for the breeding colonies of Atlantic puffin that makes Puffin Island their home.Puffin Island is a small island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in a navigation channel called Baccalieu Tickle and just off the coast of Baccalieu Island. The island is an ecological reserve for its population of Atlantic puffin. The island is inaccessible fromPuffin Island is a small island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in a navigation channel called Baccalieu Tickle and just off the coast of Baccalieu Island. The island is an ecological reserve for its population of Atlantic puffin. The island is inaccessible from the water and provides ideal protection for the breeding colonies of Atlantic puffin that makes Puffin Island their home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jezero (crater)",
"paragraph_text": "Jezero ( or ) is a crater on Mars located at in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about . Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays. The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point bars and inverted channels. From a study of the delta and channels, it was concluded that the lake did not experience times when the water went down. It probably formed when there was continual surface runoff.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Borgata",
"paragraph_text": "Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa is a hotel, casino, and spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The casino hotel features 2,002 rooms and is the largest hotel in New Jersey. Borgata opened in July 2003 and is the top - grossing casino in Atlantic City.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico",
"paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Hubert Latham",
"paragraph_text": "Arthur Charles Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912) was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane on a body of water.Arthur Charles Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912) was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane on",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Auk",
"paragraph_text": " of auks in the Atlantic (6 species), compared to the Pacific (19–20 species) is considered to be because of extinctions to the Atlantic auks; the fossil record shows there were many more species in the Atlantic during the Pliocene. Auks also tend to be restricted to continental shelf waters and breed on few oceanic islands.Today, as in the past, the auks are restricted to cooler northern waters. Their ability to spread further south is restricted as their prey hunting method, pursuit diving, becomes less efficient in warmer waters. The speed at which small fish (which along with krill are the auk's principal food items) can swim doubles as the temperature increases from 5 to 15 °C (41 to 59 °F), with no corresponding increase in speed for the bird. The southernmost auks, in California and Mexico, can survive there because of cold upwellings. The current paucity of auks in the Atlantic (6 species), compared to the Pacific (19–20 species) is considered to be because of extinctions to the Atlantic auks; the fossil record shows there were many more species in the Atlantic during the Pliocene. Auks also tend to be restricted to continental shelf waters and breed on few oceanic islands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Resorts Casino Hotel",
"paragraph_text": "Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27 - story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "English Channel",
"paragraph_text": "The English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` British Sea''), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Amazon rainforest",
"paragraph_text": "During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin. Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Excluding the Irish Channel and the ocean proximate to the erstwhile Atlantic Hotel, which aquatic region was solid ground when the most recent ice age occurred? | [
{
"id": 160324,
"question": "Where was the Atlantic Hotel located at?",
"answer": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 131905,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "North Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 41948,
"question": "Besides #2 and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?",
"answer": "English Channel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | English Channel | [
"The Channel"
] | true | What body of water was dry land during the last ice age, besides the Irish Channel and the sea near the former Atlantic Hotel? |
3hop1__19768_19788_15107 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Prevalence of circumcision",
"paragraph_text": "The prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of males in a given population who have been circumcised. The rates vary widely by country, from 1% in Japan, to 2% in Spain and Sweden, to 58% in the United States, to more than 80% in Muslim - majority countries. Worldwide it is estimated that 25% to 33% of males are circumcised, by various sources.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Greece",
"paragraph_text": "Phytogeographically, Greece belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the East Mediterranean province of the Mediterranean Region and the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests and Crete Mediterranean forests.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Germany",
"paragraph_text": "In 2011, 33% of Germans were not members of officially recognised religious associations with special status. Irreligion in Germany is strongest in the former East Germany, which used to be predominantly Protestant before state atheism, and major metropolitan areas.A 2017 estimate even shows that 37.0% of the German population were nonconfessional.Islam is the second largest religion in the country. In the 2011 census, 1.9% of the census population (1.52 million people) gave their religion as Islam, but this figure is deemed unreliable because a disproportionate number of adherents of this religion (and other religions, such as Judaism) are likely to have made use of their right not to answer the question. Figures from Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst suggest a figure of 4.4 to 4.7 million (around 5.5% of the population) in 2015. A study conducted by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees found that between 2011 and 2015 the Muslim population rose by 1.2 million people, mostly due to immigration. Most of the Muslims are Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites, Ahmadiyyas and other denominations.Other religions comprising less than one per cent of Germany's population are Buddhism with 270,000 adherents, Judaism with 200,000 adherents, and Hinduism with some 100,000 adherents. All other religious communities in Germany have fewer than 50,000 adherents each. transformed into the Weimar Republic. The Nazi rise to power in 1933 led to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship,In 2011, 33% of Germans were not members of officially recognised religious associations with special status. Irreligion in Germany is strongest in the former East Germany, which used to be predominantly Protestant before state atheism, and major metropolitan areas.A 2017 estimate even shows that 37.0% of the German population were nonconfessional.Islam is the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": " Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews shareThe Hebrew Bible, a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews, established the first of the Abrahamic religions, which are now practiced by 54% of the world. Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, and has been called not only a religion, but also a \"way of life,\" which has made drawing a clear distinction between Judaism, Jewish culture, and Jewish identity rather difficult. Throughout history, in eras and places as diverse as the ancient Hellenic world, in Europe before and after The Age of Enlightenment (see Haskalah), in Islamic Spain and Portugal, in North Africa and the Middle East, India, China, or the contemporary United States and Israel, cultural phenomena have developed that are in some sense characteristically Jewish without being at all specifically religious. Some factors in this come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews or specific communities of Jews with their surroundings, others from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community, as opposed to from the religion itself. This phenomenon has led to considerably different Jewish cultures unique to their own communities, each as authentically Jewish as the next.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Christian",
"paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Hinduism in India",
"paragraph_text": " religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.Hinduism is the largest and most practised religion in India. About 80% of the country's population identified the emergence of Hinduism, which has had a profound impact on India's history,Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. In the 2013 census, 55.0% of the population identified with one or more religions, including 49.0% identifying as Christians. Another 41.9% indicated that they had no religion. The main Christian denominations are, by number of adherents, Roman Catholicism (12.6%), Anglicanism (11.8%), Presbyterianism (8.5%) and \"Christian not further defined\" (i.e. people identifying as Christian but not stating the denomination, 5.5%). The Māori-based Ringatū and Rātana religions (1.4%) are also Christian in origin. Immigration and demographic change in recent decades has contributed to the growth of minority religions, such as Hinduism (2.1%), Buddhism (1.5%), Islam (1.2%) and Sikhism (0.5%). The Auckland Region exhibited the greatest religious diversity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Abrahamic religions",
"paragraph_text": "The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic - originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham. The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham. Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward. As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions). Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions in terms of numbers of adherents.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like.The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": " in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has aIslam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sexual orientation",
"paragraph_text": "acism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successfulEstimates for the percentage of the population that are bisexual vary widely, at least in part due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality). A study in 2004 placed the prevalence of asexuality at 1%.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Eswatini",
"paragraph_text": "A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jefferson Memorial Forest",
"paragraph_text": "The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. is one of the largest municipal urban forests in the United States.\nThe forest was established as a tribute to area war dead but ultimately this was extended to all U.S. veterans. It isThe Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. is one of the largest municipal urban forests in the United States.\nThe forest was established as a tribute to area war dead but ultimately this was extended to all U.S. veterans. It isThe Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. is one of the largest municipal urban forests in the United States.\nThe forest was established as a tribute to area",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the estimated proportion of Eritreans following the religion that is predominant in the area housing the world's second largest rainforest? | [
{
"id": 19768,
"question": "Which region has the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world?",
"answer": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 19788,
"question": "Which religion is widely practiced in #1 ?",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 15107,
"question": "What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to #2 ?",
"answer": "48%",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 48% | [] | true | What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to the religion widely practiced in the region with the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world? |
3hop2__49541_140875_51068 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "WWPT",
"paragraph_text": "WWPT (90.3 FM, \"Wrecker Radio\") is a high school radio station licensed to serve Westport, Connecticut. The station is owned by Staples High School and licensed to the Westport Board of Education. It airs a high school radio format.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Høgsenga Crags",
"paragraph_text": "The Høgsenga Crags () are high rock crags which form the northern extremity of Breplogen Mountain in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Høgsenga (the high bed).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Spilsby railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Spilsby railway station was a railway station in the market town of Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England. The station stood on a four mile long branch line between Spilsby and Firsby Junction, where it connected with the main line from Cleethorpes to London, and was opened on 1 May 1868. However, traffic on the line soon slumped, and the line was bought by the Great Northern Railway in 1890. In 1939 passenger services on the line were suspended, leaving only a goods service which itself ceased in 1958, when the railway station and line were closed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "WNEC-FM",
"paragraph_text": "WNEC-FM (91.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Henniker, New Hampshire. The station is owned by New England College. It airs a college radio format. and Health Sciences.\nIn recognition of its master's and doctoral programs, the institution officially changed its name from Western New England College to Western New England University on July 1, 2011. This marked the return of \"university\" to the school's name, exactly 60 years after separating from Northeastern University. It had long been classified as a university.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Springfield Division of Northeastern College, known as Springfield-Northeastern, was established in 1919. Evening classes, held in the YMCA building on Chestnut Street in Springfield for students studying part-time, were offered in law, business, and accounting.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Perrette Pradier",
"paragraph_text": " most promising new actress in France for her performance as \"APerrette Pradier (17 April 1938 – 16 January 2013) was a French actress. She is best known for her work as a voice actress which earned her the nickname of \"Queen\" or \"High Priestess\" of dubbing. of \"Queen\" or \"High Priestess\" of dubbing.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nPradier was born in Hanoi, French Indochina. Two years after making her film début, in 1961, she was awarded the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti as most promising new actress in France for her performance as \"APPerrette Pradier (17 April 1938 – 16 January 2013) was a French actress. She is best known for her work as a voice actress which earned her the nickname of \"Queen\" or \"High Priestess\" of dubbing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jenna Coleman",
"paragraph_text": "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "John Veitch (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "John Gould Veitch (19 July 1869 – 3 October 1914) was an English amateur footballer, who played for the Corinthian club in the 1890s. He made one appearance for England playing at inside left in 1894, in which he scored a hat trick.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "High Feather",
"paragraph_text": "High Feather is a 10-episode educational television show which ran on PBS in the 1980s; each episode was 30 minutes long. The program's name came from the Old English expression \"High Fettle\", meaning enjoying life and cheerfully doing the tasks of living. The heartfelt spirit of the show was captured in the lyrics to its theme song: \"I'm in High Feather. Feel like the sun is shining on me. High Feather. I'm as free as I can be...\"High Feather is a 10-episode educational television show which ran on PBS in the 1980s; each episode was 30 minutes long. The program's name came from the Old English expression \"High Fettle\", meaning enjoying life and cheerfully doing the tasks of living. The heartfelt spirit of the show was captured in the lyrics to its theme song: \"I'm in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Charlie Quirke",
"paragraph_text": "Charlie Quirke is a British actor, best known for playing Travis Stubbs in the ITV sitcom Birds of a Feather.Charlie Quirke is a British actor, best known for playing Travis Stubbs in the ITV sitcom Birds of a Feather.Charlie Quirke is a British actor, best known for playing Travis Stubbs in the ITV sitcom Birds of a Feather.Charlie QuCharlie Quirke is a British actor, best known for playing Travis Stubbs in the ITV sitcom Birds of a Feather.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "John Shuter",
"paragraph_text": "John Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath, Surrey, England – 5 July 1920, Blackheath, Kent, England) was a cricketer who played for England and Surrey in the late 19th century. He is best remembered for captaining Surrey to a string of wins in the County Championship around the time it became official in 1890, aided by the bowler George Lohmann and back up by John Sharpe and William Lockwood. Shuter first led Surrey to the County Championship in 1887. They then came first in 1888, tied with Lancashire and Nottinghamshire in 1889, and won again in 1890, 1891 and 1892. Shuter was a batsman and chiefly an off-side player. of Leonard Shuter, a stave timber merchant, andJohn Shuter (9 February 1855 Thornton Heath, Surrey, England",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Lady Godiva Rides Again",
"paragraph_text": "The film is most notable for the presence of actresses who were later to become famous. Diana Dors, who appears as a beauty queenThe film is most notable for the presence of actresses who were later to become famous. Diana Dors, who appears as a beauty queen, was later marketed as the film's star. It also features Joan Collins in her film debut as an uncredited beauty contestant. Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in England, also appears as an uncredited beauty queen. Ruth, who was four months pregnant at the time, had dyed her hair black and had styled it into a bob.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Høgskotet Spur",
"paragraph_text": "Høgskotet Spur () is a high rock spur on the north side of Borg Mountain, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and named Høgskotet (the high bulkhead).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sam Fletcher (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sam Fletcher (1890 in Manchester, England – 22 January 1972 in Cranston, Rhode Island) was an English football (soccer) full back who played professionally in England, Canada and the United States. He later coached the Brown University soccer team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "WNFL",
"paragraph_text": "WNFL (1440 AM) is an American all-sports radio station located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The station is locally owned and operated by Midwest Communications, which owns six other stations in Northeast Wisconsin. WNFL is an affiliate of Fox Sports Radio, carrying much of their line-up. It airs one minute news updates from CBS at approximately 45 minutes past the hour. In addition to the station's sports-talk offerings, WNFL airs Milwaukee Bucks basketball play-by-play and local high school football and basketball games. Milwaukee Brewers baseball games during the work week are also on WNFL, with night and weekend games on sister station WTAQ.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who portrays the 1890 England Queen on the broadcasting network that showed High Feather? | [
{
"id": 49541,
"question": "who was the queen of england in 1890",
"answer": "Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 140875,
"question": "What was the station that aired High Feather?",
"answer": "PBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 51068,
"question": "who is the actress who plays #1 on #2",
"answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Jenna - Louise Coleman | [
"Jenna Coleman"
] | true | Who is the actress who plays the Queen of England in 1890 on the station that aired High Feather? |
2hop__34734_92852 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "French and Indian War",
"paragraph_text": "An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the success in the war that was unfolding. The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown. Nevertheless, the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pesticide",
"paragraph_text": "Three other efforts to improve regulation of international pesticide trade are the United Nations London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade and the United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission.[citation needed] The former seeks to implement procedures for ensuring that prior informed consent exists between countries buying and selling pesticides, while the latter seeks to create uniform standards for maximum levels of pesticide residues among participating countries. Both initiatives operate on a voluntary basis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance. Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.A",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Economy of the United States",
"paragraph_text": ", 134 are headquartered in the US.The nation's economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well - developed infrastructure, and high productivity. It has the second - highest total - estimated value of natural resources, valued at $45 trillion in 2016. Americans have the highest average household and employee income among OECD nations, and in 2010, they had the fourth - highest median household income, down from second - highest in 2007. The United States has held the world's largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the 1890s. It is the world's third - largest producer of oil and natural gas. In 2016, it was the world's largest trading nationThe US economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well - developed infrastructure, and high productivity. It has second highest total estimated value of natural resources, valued at $45 trillion in 2016. Americans have the highest average household and employee income among OECD nations, and in 2010 had the fourth highest median household income, down from second highest in 2007. It has been the world's largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the 1890s. The U.S. is the world's third largest producer of oil and natural gas. In 2016, it was the largest trading nation in the world as well as the world's second largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. The US also has not only the largest economy, but also the largest Industrial sector, at 2005 prices according to the UNCTAD. The US not only has the largest internal market for goods, but also dominates the trade in services. US total trade amounted to $4.92 trillion in 2016. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 134 are headquartered in the US.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain. Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft. However, the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions.Passive air defence is defined by NATO as \"Passive measures taken for the physical defence and protection of personnel, essential installations and equipment in order to minimize the effectiveness of air and/or missile attack\". It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": ", the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998,Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": "It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "International Fund for Animal Welfare",
"paragraph_text": "The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) was founded in 1969, in initial efforts to stop the commercial hunt for seal pups on the east coast of Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Old Fort Providence",
"paragraph_text": "Old Fort Providence, located near the mouth of Yellowknife Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada, was one of the first fur trading outposts on Great Slave Lake. Peter Pond of the North West Company first proposed trading with the Dene around Great Slave Lake in 1786. In 1789, Alexander Mackenzie initiated a period of trade with the Yellowknives and Tłı̨chǫ (formerly known as Dogrib) Dene and instructed his assistant, Laurent Leroux, to start a trading post in this area. The post was not a major centre for fur trading and was used primarily as a supply centre for other, more important trading posts or expeditions. It served, for example, as a base of supply for Sir John Franklin's Coppermine expedition towards the Arctic Ocean in 1820. It was located within a productive fishery used for generations by the Dene around Yellowknife Bay and helped supply meat and fish for traders at Great Slave Lake. The Hudson's Bay Company took over the post in 1821 after the demise of the North West Company, but the settlement was in decline and it closed in 1823. The buildings have long since decayed but the ruins were excavated in 1969-1971.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": "On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally. Weeks later, the Shah of Iran said in an interview: \"Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise... Certainly! And how!... You've [Western nations] increased the price of the wheat you sell us by 300 percent, and the same for sugar and cement... You buy our crude oil and sell it back to us, refined as petrochemicals, at a hundred times the price you've paid us... It's only fair that, from now on, you should pay more for oil. Let's say ten times more.\"Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": " Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, SpainAt the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor",
"paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Santala railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Santala railway station (abbrev. Sta, and ) is a railway stop in the city of Hanko, Finland along the Hanko-Hyvinkää Railroad. The stop is located approximately 197 kilometers from Helsinki Central railway station. Local trains between Karis and Hanko stops there. The stop is located in the forest and its usage level is low though the Finnish national road 25 is near.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser",
"paragraph_text": "By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the United States cease commercial exchanges with the nation that initiated conflicts? | [
{
"id": 34734,
"question": "What nation initiated hostilities?",
"answer": "Japan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 92852,
"question": "when did the us stop trading with #1",
"answer": "1940",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 1940 | [] | true | When did the U.S. stop trading with the country that started hostilities? |
3hop1__146155_131905_41948 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": "Hamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed byHamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nicolaus Schuback",
"paragraph_text": "Nicolaus Schuback (February 18, 1700, Jork – July 28, 1783, Hamburg) was a lawyer from Germany. In the time from October 29, 1754 till August 28, 1782 he was mayor of Hamburg. Upon his death his family minted a special coin which was given to the people who attended the funeral.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jezero (crater)",
"paragraph_text": "Jezero ( or ) is a crater on Mars located at in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about . Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays. The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point bars and inverted channels. From a study of the delta and channels, it was concluded that the lake did not experience times when the water went down. It probably formed when there was continual surface runoff.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Geological history of Earth",
"paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Achilles' heel",
"paragraph_text": "In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. One day, a poisonous arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him shortly afterwards.In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water;",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "English Channel",
"paragraph_text": ".The English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` Sea of Brittany''), also called simplyThe English Channel (French: la Manche, ``The Sleeve ''; German: Ärmelkanal,`` Sleeve Channel''; Breton: Mor Breizh, ``Sea of Brittany ''; Cornish: Mor Bretannek,`` British Sea''), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Han dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or \"vital energy\" channels leading to a certain organ had been disrupted. Thus, Han-era physicians prescribed medicine that was believed to counteract this imbalance. For example, since the wood phase was believed to promote the fire phase, medicinal ingredients associated with the wood phase could be used to heal an organ associated with the fire phase. To this end, the physician Zhang Zhongjing (c. 150–c. 219 AD) prescribed regulated diets rich in certain foods that were thought to cure specific illnesses. These are now known to be nutrition disorders caused by the lack of certain vitamins consumed in one's diet. Besides dieting, Han physicians also prescribed moxibustion, acupuncture, and calisthenics as methods of maintaining one's health. When surgery was performed by the physician Hua Tuo (d. 208 AD), he used anesthesia to numb his patients' pain and prescribed a rubbing ointment that allegedly sped the process of healing surgical wounds.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Incandescent light bulb",
"paragraph_text": "The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a \"T\" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds.Since incandescent light bulbs use more energy than alternatives such as CFLs and LED lamps, many governments have introduced measures to ban their use, by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps. Measures to ban light bulbs have been implemented in the European Union, the United States, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Australia, among others",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Anna und die Liebe",
"paragraph_text": "na und die Liebe (Anna and (the) Love) is the eleventh Telenovela made in Germany. It has aired since 25 August 2008 on German channel SatAnna und die Liebe (\"Anna and (the) Love\") is the eleventh Telenovela made in Germany. It has aired since 25 August 2008 on GermanAnna und die Liebe (\"Anna and (the) Love\") is the eleventh Telenovela made in Germany. It has aired since 25 August 2008 on German channel Sat.1 and Austrian Channel ORF 1.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Tarrafal de São Nicolau (municipality)",
"paragraph_text": "Tarrafal de São Nicolau is a \"concelho\" (municipality) of Cape Verde. Situated in the western part of the island of São Nicolau, it covers 35% of the island area (119.8 km²), and is home to 41% of its population (5,237 at the 2010 census). Its seat is the town Tarrafal de São Nicolau. ==\nThe municipality consists of one freguesia (civil parish), São Francisco de Assis. The freguesTarrafal",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bacteria",
"paragraph_text": " a century. Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria — as opposed to his famous \"animalBacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced. The second phase of growth is the log phase, also known as the logarithmic or exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the generation time (g). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth. The third phase of growth is the stationary phase and is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells reduce their metabolic activity and consume non-essential cellular proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to a stress response state and there is increased expression of genes involved in DNA repair, antioxidant metabolism and nutrient transport. The final phase is the death phase where the bacteria run out of nutrients and die.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Systole",
"paragraph_text": "When the smaller, upper atria chambers contract in late diastole, they send blood down to the larger, lower ventricle chambers. When the lower chambers are filled and the valves to the atria are closed, the ventricles undergo isovolumetric contraction (contraction of the ventricles while all valves are closed), marking the first stage of systole. The second phase of systole sends blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and body extremities, and from the right ventricle to the lungs. Thus, the atria and ventricles contract in alternating sequence. The left and right atria feed blood, at the same time, into the ventricles. Then, the left and right ventricles contract simultaneously as well.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lake Texcoco",
"paragraph_text": "Tenochtitlan was founded on an islet in the western part of the lake in the year 1325. Around it, the Aztecs created a large artificial island using a system similar to the creation of chinampas. To overcome the problems of drinking water, the Aztecs built a system of dams to separate the salty waters of the lake from the rain water of the effluents. It also permitted them to control the level of the lake. The city also had an inner system of channels that helped to control the water.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What else, apart from the water body near the city where Nicolaus Schuback met his end and the Irish Channel, was reduced during the recent cold phase? | [
{
"id": 146155,
"question": "In what city did Nicolaus Schuback die?",
"answer": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 131905,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "North Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 41948,
"question": "Besides #2 and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?",
"answer": "English Channel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | English Channel | [
"The Channel"
] | true | Besides the body of water by the city where Nicolaus Schuback died and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase? |
4hop1__483807_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": " is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space.The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hugo Casillas",
"paragraph_text": "Hugo Casillas (born December 8, 1981 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican soccer player who currently plays defense for Anaheim Bolts of the Professional Arena Soccer League.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficulties discouraged all but the Spanish Empire from making regular visits and establishing settlements and ports until the second half of the 18th century -- some 200 years after Europeans first reached the east coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pennell Coast",
"paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Wilkins Runway",
"paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "History of Australia",
"paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation ofGiovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the ele",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": " on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing.Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Cosette",
"paragraph_text": "Cosette is a fictional character in the novel \"Les Misérables\" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as \"Ursule\", \"Lark\", or \"Mademoiselle Lanoire\".Cosette is a fictional character in the novel \"Les Misérables\" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral",
"paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizingHis fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "European colonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the name of the son of the Italian explorer who discovered the east coast of the continent where Hugo Casillas was born? | [
{
"id": 483807,
"question": "Hugo Casillas >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | Who's the son of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent Hugo Casillas was born in? |
3hop2__140194_16797_51068 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": ".The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 201The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the \"longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era\". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Ilona Massey Show",
"paragraph_text": "The Ilona Massey Show was a DuMont Television Network variety show hosted by actress Ilona Massey and featuring musician Irving Fields. Massey sang on a set built to resemble a nightclub. The show aired Mondays from November 1, 1954, to January 3, 1955 for a total of 10 episodes.== Episode status ==\nAs with many DuMont series, no episodes are known to exist.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of programs broadcast",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": " and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional titleVictoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died; \"Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too\", she wrote in her journal. \"It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "DinoSquad",
"paragraph_text": "DinoSquad is an American animated television series that was produced by DiC Entertainment Corporation and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007 - September 12, 2009. Reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the Cookie Jar Kids Network block. The show ran on Cookie Jar Toons. This show, along with \"Sushi Pack\", was one of the last series produced by DiC before the company was acquired by and folded into Cookie Jar. The show was about five teenagers, each with the power to turn into a respective dinosaur. They use this power to fight the villainous Victor Veloci, who is intent on returning the world to the age of dinosaurs by turning humans and animals into new mutant dinosaurs and accelerating global warming.DinoSquad is an American animated television series that was produced by DiC Entertainment Corporation and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007 -",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sally Struthers",
"paragraph_text": "ette on Gilmore Girls. She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin., and Rebecca Cunningham on the DisneySally Anne Struthers (born July 28, 1947) is an American actress, voice artist, spokeswoman and activist. She played the roles of Gloria Stivic, the daughter of Archie and Edith Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton) on All in the Family, for which she won two Emmy awards, and Babette on Gilmore Girls. She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park",
"paragraph_text": "The Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India, is a park which houses the fossilized remains and the petrified eggs of the dinosaurs. It is technically a man made fossil park and not the actual nesting grounds where the dinosaurs lived. The eggs and fossils on display here are actually from the world's 3rd largest dinosaur fossil excavation site and 2nd largest hatchery located at Raiyoli, Balasinor, Gujarat. The Park was set up by the Geological Survey of India and is the only dinosaur museum in the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of Canadian monarchs",
"paragraph_text": "Listed here are the monarchs who reigned over the French and British colonies of Canada, followed by the British Dominion of Canada, and finally the present - day sovereign state of Canada. The date of the first claim by a monarch over Canada varies, with most sources giving the year as 1497, when John Cabot made landfall somewhere on the North American coast (likely either modern - day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia), and claimed the land for England on behalf of King Henry VII. However, some sources instead put this date at 1534 when the word ``Canada ''was first used to refer to the French colony of Canada, which was founded in the name of King Francis I. Monarchical governance subsequently evolved under a continuous succession of French, British, and eventually uniquely Canadian sovereigns. Since the first claim by Henry VII, there have been 33 sovereigns of Canada, including two sets of co-sovereigns.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": "When her father died in February 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She has reigned through major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012 respectively. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. She is the longest - lived and longest - reigning British monarch as well as the world's longest - reigning queen regnant and female head of state, the oldest and longest - reigning current monarch and the longest - serving current head of state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pōmare V",
"paragraph_text": "Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891) was the last monarch of Tahiti, reigning from 1877 until his forced abdication in 1880. He was the son of Queen Pōmare IV.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jenna Coleman",
"paragraph_text": "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Coat of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor",
"paragraph_text": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or Charles I of Spain, was the heir of four of Europe's leading royal houses. Charles was the first sole monarch of Spain, inheriting the kingdoms first united by his maternal grandparents, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (the Catholic Monarchs). From his father, Philip I of Castile, he inherited the Burgundian Netherlands, which came from his paternal grandmother, Mary of Burgundy. Finally, on the death of his paternal grandfather, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, he inherited the Habsburg lands in Austria. His coat of arms, representing much of the land he inherited, is blazoned as follows:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or Charles I of Spain, was the heir of four of Europe's leading royal houses. Charles was the first sole",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Dinosaurs!",
"paragraph_text": " Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaursThe Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaurs and how they lived. It aired four episodes from November 22 to November 25, 1992.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "British passport",
"paragraph_text": "Safe conduct documents, usually notes signed by the monarch, were issued to foreigners as well as English subjects in medieval times. They were first mentioned in an Act of Parliament, the Safe Conducts Act in 1414. Between 1540 and 1685, the Privy Council issued passports, although they were still signed by the monarch until the reign of Charles II when the Secretary of State could sign them instead. The Secretary of State signed all passports in place of the monarch from 1794 onwards, at which time formal records started to be kept.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Governor-General of the Philippines",
"paragraph_text": "Governor - General of the Philippines Residence Fort San Pedro (1565 -- 1572) Palacio del Gobernador (1572 -- 1863) Malacañang Palace (1863 -- 1945) Mansion House (1942 -- 1945) Appointer Viceroy of New Spain Monarch of Spain Monarch of Great Britain President of the United States Emperor of Japan Precursor Various, the barangay system Formation 27 April 1565 First holder Miguel López de Legazpi (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Wesley Merritt (under the United States) Masaharu Homma (under Japan) Final holder Diego de los Ríos (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Frank Murphy (under the United States) Tomoyuki Yamashita (under Japan) Abolished 6 October 1945 Succession President of the Philippines",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "List of English monarchs",
"paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which actress portrays the initial British monarch to visit Spain, in the television show aired on the same network as The Dinosaurs? | [
{
"id": 140194,
"question": "What network aired The Dinosaurs!?",
"answer": "PBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 16797,
"question": "Who was the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?",
"answer": "Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 51068,
"question": "who is the actress who plays #2 on #1",
"answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Jenna - Louise Coleman | [
"Jenna Coleman"
] | true | What actress plays the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain on the network that aired The Dinosaurs? |
3hop2__43892_23308_28343 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": " of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 193By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an \"indirect aggression\" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of \"indirect aggression\" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor",
"paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kiribati",
"paragraph_text": "Kiribati maintains close relations with its Pacific neighbours, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan and Fiji. The first three of these provide the majority of the country's foreign aid. Taiwan and Japan also have specified-period licences to fish in Kiribati's waters. There are four resident diplomatic missions headquartered in Kiribati: the Embassies of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Cuba and the High Commissions of Australia and New Zealand.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of \"Afghan Arab\" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Though the country's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have been strained, relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections. After years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions, the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations on 13 January 2012 The European Union has placed sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid.In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Raising of school leaving age in England and Wales",
"paragraph_text": " time education for all children until the age of 18, but was dropped, in similar fashion to the 1918 Act, to cut spending after World War II.The raising of school leaving age is the term used by the United Kingdom government for changes of the age at which a person is allowed to leave its compulsory education phase in England and Wales as specified under an1899, 14 in 1918, 15 in 1947 and 16In 1944, Rab Butler introduced the Education Act 1944 which amongst other changes, including the introduction of the Tripartite System, included raising the school leaving age to 15. Although the act should have been brought into effect as from September 1939, it was not implemented because of the effects of World War II, but was eventually enforced from April 1947. The comprehensive school system has since replaced the Tripartite System brought in by this act across most of England. This act also recommended compulsory part - time education for all children until the age of 18, but was dropped, in similar fashion to the 1918 Act, to cut spending after World War II.1899, 14 in 1918, 15 in 1947 and 16 in 1972. In England (but not in Wales), this wasIn 1944, Rab Butler introduced the Education Act 1944 which amongst other changes, including the introduction of the Tripartite System,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Central Intelligence Agency",
"paragraph_text": " to the secretaries of defense, state, and the NSC, and the OPC's actions were a secret even from the head of the CIA. Most CIA stations had two station chiefs, one working for the OSO, and one working for the OPC. of World War II by President Harry S. Truman,The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. military communications network. Previously, the marking of NOFORN (i.e., No Foreign Nationals) required the originator to specify which, if any, non-U.S. countries could receive the information. A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes, used primarily on intelligence messages, gives an easier way to indicate that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Political corruption",
"paragraph_text": "Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Nobody to Blame",
"paragraph_text": "``Nobody to Blame ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Chris Stapleton. The song was released in November 2015 as the singer's third single overall. Stapleton co-wrote the song with Barry Bales and Ronnie Bowman. It became Stapleton's first top 10 single on the US Country Airplay chart.`` Nobody to Blame'' won Song of the Year at the ACM Awards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Police",
"paragraph_text": "Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead, especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict (Goldsmith and Sheptycki, 2007) With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark and there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions (Hills, 2009).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Black Death",
"paragraph_text": "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The most popular available tourist destinations in Myanmar include big cities such as Yangon and Mandalay; religious sites in Mon State, Pindaya, Bago and Hpa-An; nature trails in Inle Lake, Kengtung, Putao, Pyin Oo Lwin; ancient cities such as Bagan and Mrauk-U; as well as beaches in Nabule, Ngapali, Ngwe-Saung, Mergui. Nevertheless, much of the country is off-limits to tourists, and interactions between foreigners and the people of Myanmar, particularly in the border regions, are subject to police scrutiny. They are not to discuss politics with foreigners, under penalty of imprisonment and, in 2001, the Myanmar Tourism Promotion Board issued an order for local officials to protect tourists and limit \"unnecessary contact\" between foreigners and ordinary Burmese people.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Economic liberalisation in India",
"paragraph_text": "The economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growth recorded by the country in the 1990s and 2000s. Its opponents have blamed it for increased poverty, inequality and economic degradation. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet solved a variety of politically difficult issues, such as liberalising labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable.The economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "United States foreign aid",
"paragraph_text": " 310.8 22 310.26 0.54 Sudan (former) * 290.05 8 290.05Top 25 Recipient Countries of U.S. Foreign Aid FY 2013 Reported in $US millions, Obligations Country Economic and Military Assistance FY 2013, $US millions Aid received per person recipient FY2013, $US Economic Assistance FY 2013, $US millions Military Assistance FY2013, $US millions Afghanistan 4533.51 148 2653.93 1879.58 Israel * 2961.04 367 17.81 2943.23 Egypt 1566.24 19 330.6 1235.6 Jordan 1211.83 188 879.64 332.19 West Bank / Gaza 1007.73 370 Ethiopia 686.53 7 685.19 1.34 South Sudan 618.74 55 598.79 19.96 Malawi 571.18 35 570.91 0.27 Uganda 541.93 14 538.3 3.62 South Africa 526.19 10 523.86 2.32 Nigeria 518.84 509.41 9.43 Russia 465.16 445.07 20.08 Iraq 444.81 13 382.7 62.11 Tanzania 430.66 9 427.82 2.84 Mexico 419.94 348.72 71.21 Congo (Kinshasa) 379.24 6 366.73 12.52 Haiti 378.77 37 377.04 1.73 Lebanon 376.41 84 286.03 90.38 Somalia 367.18 35 188 179.18 Zambia 310.8 22 310.26 0.54 Sudan (former) * 290.05 8 290.05",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the departure date of the military force from the nation held responsible for the stalemate and breakdown of the Tripartite talks, from the country that is the largest recipient of foreign assistance from the U.S.? | [
{
"id": 43892,
"question": "who do we give the most foreign aid to",
"answer": "Afghanistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 23308,
"question": "Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to stagnate and fail?",
"answer": "the Soviets",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 28343,
"question": "When did the #2 leave #1 ?",
"answer": "February 1989",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | February 1989 | [] | true | When did the troops of the country blamed for the stagnation and failure of the Tripartite discussion leave the country that receives the most U.S. foreign aid? |
3hop1__103890_10659_83548 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jews in New York City",
"paragraph_text": "Jews in New York City comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel. As of 2014, 1.1 million Jews live in the five boroughs of New York City, and 1.75 million Jews live in New York state overall. Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. The large Jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of New York City. After many decades of decline in the 20th century, the Jewish population of New York City has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the Hasidic and Orthodox communities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Ágnes Konkoly",
"paragraph_text": "Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Solidarity (Polish trade union)",
"paragraph_text": "Solidarity (Polish: Solidarność, pronounced (sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ) (listen); full name: Independent Self - governing Labour Union ``Solidarity ''-- Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy`` Solidarność'' (ɲezaˈlɛʐnɨ samɔˈʐɔndnɨ ˈzvjɔ̃zɛk zavɔˈdɔvɨ sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ)) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party. Its membership reached 9.5 million members before its September 1981 Congress (when it reached 10 million), which constituted one third of the total working - age population of Poland.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tunisia",
"paragraph_text": "That said, an important number of genetic and other historical studies point out to the predominance of the Amazighs in Tunisia. An Ottoman influence has been particularly significant in forming the Turco-Tunisian community. Other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different periods of time, including West Africans, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians (Punics), Jews, and French settlers. By 1870 the distinction between the Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred.From the late 19th century to after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of French and Italians (255,000 Europeans in 1956), although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. The history of the Jews in Tunisia goes back some 2,000 years. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained.The first people known to history in what is now Tunisia were the Berbers. Numerous civilizations and peoples have invaded, migrated to, or have been assimilated into the population over the millennia, with influences of population from Phoenicians/Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Spaniards, Ottoman Turks and Janissaries, and French. There was a continuing inflow of nomadic Arab tribes from Arabia.After the Reconquista and expulsion of non-Christians and Moriscos from Spain, many Spanish Muslims and Jews also arrived. According to Matthew Carr, \"As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means \"Jewishness\" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men and women. From the Rhineland to Riga to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, and spoke Yiddish in their secular lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now encompasses not just Orthodoxy and Hasidism, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and somehow retained a sense of Jewishness. Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Broadly speaking, a Jew is one who associates culturally with Jews, supports Jewish institutions, reads Jewish books and periodicals, attends Jewish movies and theater, travels to Israel, visits historical synagogues, and so forth. It is a definition that applies to Jewish culture in general, and to Ashkenazi Yiddishkeit in particular.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Treaty",
"paragraph_text": "The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe known as the Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa in February 624 Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being stripped naked As a result, a Muslim killed a Jew in retaliation, and the Jews in turn killed the Muslim man. This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa, leading to the siege of their fortress.:122 The tribe eventually surrendered to Muhammad, who initially wanted to kill the members of Banu Qaynuqa but ultimately yielded to Abdullah ibn Ubayy's insistence and agreed to expel the Qaynuqa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Regensburg Synagogue",
"paragraph_text": "The original Regensburg Synagogue, erected between 1210 and 1227, was an edifice in Old Romanesque style in Regensburg, southern Germany, on the site of the former Jewish hospital, in the center of the ghetto, where the present Neue Pfarre stands. Two etchings made by Albrecht Altdorfer of the synagogue shortly before it was destroyed on February 22, 1519, provide the first portrait of an actual architectural monument in European printmaking. In 1519 following the death of Emperor Maximilian, who had long been a protector of the Jews in the imperial cities, extracting from them substantial taxes in exchange, the city of Regensburg, which blamed its economic troubles on its prosperous Jewish community, expelled the 500 Jews. The Jews themselves had demolished the interior of their venerable synagogue, on the site of which a chapel was built in honor of the Virgin. According to a chronicle the exiles settled, under the protection of the Duke of Bavaria, on the opposite bank of the Danube, in Stadt-am-Hof, and in villages in the vicinity; from these they were expelled in the course of the same century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": ", and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century.By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "East Prussia",
"paragraph_text": "A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the CurA similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Second-wave feminism",
"paragraph_text": "Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed. The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when ``Mother of the Movement ''Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. The report revealed, that there was gender inequality, but also recommended changing it by giving paid maternity leave, greater access to education, and help with child care, along with Friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led toThough it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed. The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when ``Mother of the Movement ''Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. The report revealed, that there was gender inequality, but also recommended changing it by giving paid maternity leave, greater access to education, and help with child care, along with Friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led to the formation of many local, state, and federal government women's groups as well as many independent feminist organizations. Friedan was referencing a`` movement'' as early as 1964.Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and SephardNew developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the nation to which many French Jews, along with Ágnes Konkoly's country of origin, were exiled, who spearheaded the opposition to communism? | [
{
"id": 103890,
"question": "Where was Ágnes Konkoly from?",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #1 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 83548,
"question": "in #2 the movement against communism was led by",
"answer": "Lech Wałęsa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Lech Wałęsa | [] | true | Who led the movement against communism, in the country where, along with the nation that Ágnes Konkoly is from, many expelled French Jews relocated to? |
4hop1__606685_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral",
"paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.The exploration of North America by European sailors and geographers was an effort by major European powers to map and explore the continent with the goal of economic, religious and military expansion. The combative and rapid nature of this",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": " human history of the west coast of North America is believed to stretch back to the arrival of the earliest people over the Bering Strait, or alternately along the ice free coastal islands of British Columbia (See [1],In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficultiesIn 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficulties discouraged all but the Spanish Empire from making regular visits and establishing settlements and ports until the second half of the 18th century -- some 200 years after Europeans first reached the east coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": " is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. AccordingThe first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape ofThe first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of Australia",
"paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón",
"paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Willem Janszoon",
"paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sergio Villanueva",
"paragraph_text": "Sergio Villanueva (born 21 September 1988 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Featherweight division. Villanueva is promoted by current WBC Champion, Mexican Saúl Álvarez' company Canelo Promotions.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the son of the explorer who navigated the eastern seashore of the mainland that would eventually become the birthplace of Sergio Villanueva? | [
{
"id": 606685,
"question": "Sergio Villanueva >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | Whose father was a navigator who explored the east coast of the continental region where Sergio Villanueva would later be born? |
3hop1__161433_33952_33939 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Columbia, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "Columbia is the capital and second largest city of the U.S. state of South Carolina, with a population estimate of 134,309 as of 2016. The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 767,598 as of the 2010 United States Census, growing to 817,488 by July 1, 2016, according to 2015 U.S. Census estimates. The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, originating from the name of Christopher Columbus.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), K",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jacksonville, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country's tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino communityJacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country's tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kansas City metropolitan area",
"paragraph_text": "The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15 - county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of 2,104,509, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri (after Greater St. Louis). Alongside Kansas City, the area includes a number of other cities and suburbs, the largest being Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; Olathe, Kansas; and Independence, Missouri; each over 100,000 in population. The Mid-America Regional Council (MARC) serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area.The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15 - county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that stradd",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "California",
"paragraph_text": " 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largestCalifornia (/ ˌkælɪˈfɔːrnjə, - niə / (listen) KAL - i - FORN - yə, - FOR - nee - ə) is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.3 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Las Cruces, New Mexico",
"paragraph_text": "Las Cruces, also known as ``The City of the Crosses '', is the seat of Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 97,618, and in 2015 the estimated population was 101,643, making it the second largest city in the state, after Albuquerque. Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern New Mexico. The Las Cruces metropolitan area had an estimated population of 213,676 in 2014. It is the principal city of a metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Doña Ana County and is part of the larger El Paso -- Las Cruces combined statistical area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego is the birthplace of California and is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kalona, Iowa",
"paragraph_text": "Kalona is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,363 at the 2010 census. Kalona is the second largest city in Washington County.Kalona is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,363 atKalona is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,363 at the 2010 census. Kalona is the second largest city in Washington County.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Johnson City, Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, with most of the city being in Washington County. As of the 2010 census, the population of Johnson City was 63,152, and by 2015 the estimated population was 66,027, making it the ninth - largest city in the state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Miramar, Tamaulipas",
"paragraph_text": "Miramar is a city near the southeastern tip of the state of Tamaulipas in Mexico. It is the largest city in the municipality of Altamira and third largest of the Tampico Metropolitan Area. The city had a 2010 census population of 118,614, the seventh-largest community in the state, having passed Río Bravo since the previous census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "St. Petersburg, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Broken Arrow, Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Broken Arrow is a city located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma, primarily in Tulsa County but also with a section of the city in western Wagoner County. It is the largest suburb of Tulsa. According to the 2010 census, Broken Arrow has a population of 98,850 residents and is the fourth-largest city in the state. However, a July 2017, estimate reports that the population of the city is just under 112,000, making it the 280th-largest city in the United States. The city is part of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, which has a population of 961,561 residents.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jeffrey Peterson",
"paragraph_text": "In 2005, Peterson was appointed to the cross-border transactions committee of the Arizona Department of Real Estate. The committee is focused on international real estate transactions between residents of Arizona and Mexico. In the same year, he was appointed as the chairman of the Technology Subcommittee of the 2006 Executive Bond Committee, by Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon. The $850 million bond initiative was approved by voters in March 2006. He also financially supported the March 25, 2006, and April 10, 2006, reform marches organized by immigrants and he was a co-host at a June 1, 2006, fundraiser for Arizona Senatorial candidate Jim Pederson, featuring former president, Bill Clinton. Jeffrey held a fundraiser at his residence for Barack Obama featuring Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean and actress Scarlett Johansson on August 21, 2008. Peterson was named as a co-host at an October 19, 2016 fundraising event for Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton featuring Chelsea Clinton at a private residence in Phoenix.In 2013, Peterson was appointed to the Board of Directors of the U.S. Philippines Society, a Washington, D.C. based private sector initiative chaired by U.S. Ambassador John Negroponte and former AIG Chairman Maurice \"Hank\" Greenberg. A prominent picture of Peterson with Benigno Aquino III, former President of the Philippines, was set at the Malacañang Palace and featured in a 2017 print publication.According to Maricopa County's property records, Peterson owned a residence in the same condominium as Arizona Senator John McCain.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the population count in 1900 for the city with the second highest number of residents, situated in the state that the committee overseeing cross-border transactions works with? | [
{
"id": 161433,
"question": "In what state is the committee focusing?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #1 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #2 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 7,531 | [] | true | In 1900, what was the population of the second largest city, in the state that the cross-border transactions committee focuses on? |
3hop2__30152_105895_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Coinage of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Phoe Pyonn Cho",
"paragraph_text": "Phoe Pyonn Cho is a 1955 Myanmar drama film directed by Mya Maung. The film picked up three Myanmar Academy Awards including Best Film, Best Actor, Best Child Actor.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": " Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition,A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. TheEconomic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": "More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: that of Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented. Congress favoured a unified secular Indian state, whereas the League, fearing domination by the Hindu majority, desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions. Increasing civil unrest and the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy during 1946 led Attlee to promise independence no later than 1948. When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent, the newly appointed (and last) Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947. The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa, and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Burma, which had been administered as part of the British Raj, and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became members of the Commonwealth, while Burma chose not to join.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Malaysia",
"paragraph_text": "Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language.Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": " learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has producedWhile the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar Investment Co., Ltd. (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22).In DecemberThe dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What triggered the exodus from the nation accountable for Phoe Pyonn Cho of the individuals historically opposed to the introduction of new currency? | [
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 105895,
"question": "Which was the country for Phoe Pyonn Cho?",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #1 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | What forced the departure from the country responsible for Phoe Pyonn Cho of the people once defied by new coinage? |
3hop1__119402_102039_158266 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "C/2013 R1",
"paragraph_text": "/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 7 September 2013 by Terry Lovejoy using a 0.2-meter (8 in) Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It is the fourth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. C/2013 R1 crossed the celestial equator on 14C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 7 September 2013 by Terry Lovejoy using a Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It is the fourth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. C/2013 R1 crossed the celestial equator on 14 October 2013, becoming a better Northern Hemisphere object.C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 7 September 2013 by Terry Lovejoy using a Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It is the fourth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. C/2013 R1 crossed the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)",
"paragraph_text": "C/2007 E2 at Cometography.com\nC/2007 E2 moving amongst the stars (video in WMV format)C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy) is a non-periodic comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy on 15 March 2007C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy) is a non-periodic comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy on 15 March 2007. Its perihelion was 27 March 2007, while its closest approach to Earth was 25 April 2007 in Hercules at a distance of 0.44 AU. Maximum apparent magnitude was approximately +8.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tulsa Ballet",
"paragraph_text": "Tulsa Ballet is a professional American ballet company located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The artistic mission of Tulsa Ballet is \"To preserve the tradition of classical ballet, promote the appreciation of contemporary dance, create works of superior and enduring quality, and educate through exemplary performances, training and outreach programs.\" The Company has toured throughout the United States and the world and has received consistent critical acclaim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla",
"paragraph_text": "Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla, also known under her stage name \"Mademoiselle Du Parc\" (1633 – Paris, 11 December 1668), was a French actress and ballet dancer. She was one of the stars of Molière's company. She was also known for her love affairs and as an object of affection for many famous people.Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla, also known under her stage name \"Mademoiselle Du Parc\" (1633 – Paris, 11 December 1668), was a French actress and ballet dancer. She was one of the stars of Molière's company",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nina Ananiashvili",
"paragraph_text": "ina Ananiashvili (born: Nino Ananiashvili, Georgian: ��������� ����������������������; bornNina Ananiashvili (born: \"Nino Ananiashvili\", ; born March 19, 1963)Nina Ananiashvili (born: \"Nino Ananiashvili\", ; born March 19, 1963) is a Georgian ballerina and artistic director of the State Ballet of Georgia. She has been described by the Daily Telegraph as one of the twelve greatest ballerinas of all time, and in 2002 was named Best Ballerina of the Year by the US \"Dance Magazine\". Ananiashvili has been a prominent fixture of the Soviet, Russian and Georgian ballet scene for decades. Shortly before the fall of the Iron Curtain, in 1987 a New York Magazine critic praised Nina Ananiashvili as \"the best thing about the Bolshoi's Giselle whether she appeared in the title role or as the queen of the wilis.\" In 2014, a film of her 1991 performance in Giselle with the Bolshoi ballet was released.Nina Ananiashvili (born: \"Nino Ananiashvili\", ; born March 19, 1963) is a Georgian ballerina and artistic director of the State Ballet of Georgia. She has been described by the Daily Telegraph as",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ballet Theatre of Queensland",
"paragraph_text": "Ballet Theatre of Queensland, founded in 1937 by Phyllis Danaher MBE FRAD, is the oldest continuous dance company in Australia. Ballet Theatre is based in Brisbane in the Australian state of Queensland. It exists to provide professional performance opportunities for youngBallet Theatre of Queensland, founded in 1937 by Phyllis Danaher MBE FRAD, is the oldest continuous dance company in Australia. Ballet Theatre is based in Brisbane in the Australian state of Queensland. It exists to provide professional performance opportunities for young people and to influence and foster dancer for present and future generations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ella Spira",
"paragraph_text": "Ella Spira is a composer based in London, United Kingdom. Spira co-founded the Production Company 'Sisters Grimm', alongside former Royal Ballet ballerina Pietra Mello-Pittman. Spira writes and composes music for ballet and film, and also works as an arranger making dance remixes for popular UK artists. She was born in Gloucester, and was mentored by film composer David Arnold.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Les Rendezvous",
"paragraph_text": "Les Rendezvous is a plotless one-act ballet created in 1933, with choreography by Frederick Ashton to the music of Daniel Auber (the ballet music from his opera \"L'enfant prodigue\") arranged by Constant Lambert and with designs by William Chappell. It was the first major ballet created by Ashton for the Vic-Wells company.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Laurent Hilaire",
"paragraph_text": "Laurent Hilaire (born 8 November 1962) is a French ballet dancer. Regarded as one of the greatest dancers to emerge from ballet over the past few decades, he was etoile (principal dancer) of the Paris Opera Ballet for 22 years. From 2011 he was the associate artistic director of the Paris Opera Ballet and a ballet master with the company from 2005 to 2014",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Misty Copeland",
"paragraph_text": "Misty Danielle Copeland (born September 10, 1982) is an American ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT), one of the three leading classical ballet companies in the United States. On June 30, 2015, Copeland became the first African American woman to be promoted to principal dancer in ABT's 75 - year history.Misty Danielle Copeland (born September 10, 1982) is an American ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT), one of the three leading classical ballet companies in the United States",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "io Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget,The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Australia",
"paragraph_text": "Australian literature grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous oral traditions, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older. 19th-century writers such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson captured the experience of the bush using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still popular; Paterson's bush poem \"Waltzing Matilda\" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem. Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary prize, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Australian winners of the Booker Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Author David Malouf, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned literary figures.Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, well known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherland. At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie Melba was one of the world's leading opera singers. Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Terry Lovejoy",
"paragraph_text": "Terry Lovejoy (born 20 November 1966) is an information technologist from Thornlands, Queensland, Australia, most widely known as an amateur astronomer. He has discovered six comets, including C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy), the first Kreutz Sungrazing comet discovered by ground-based observation in over 40 years. He is also known for popularizing procedures for modifying consumer-grade digital cameras so that they can be used for digital camera astrophotography.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)",
"paragraph_text": "C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 17 August 2014 by Terry Lovejoy using a Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It was discovered at apparent magnitude 15 in the southern constellation of Puppis. It is the fifth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. Its blue-green glow is the result of organic molecules and water released by the comet fluorescing under the intense UV and optical light of the Sun as it passes through space.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Alameda Civic Ballet",
"paragraph_text": "The Alameda Civic Ballet (ACB), founded in 2003 by the Artistic Director, Abra Rudisill, is the official dance company for Alameda, California, USA. It achieved non-profit 501(3) c status as a charitable organization in November 2004.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the homeland of the individual who discovered C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), which ballet company is considered the best? | [
{
"id": 119402,
"question": "Who found C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)?",
"answer": "Terry Lovejoy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 102039,
"question": "Of what country is #1 a citizen?",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 158266,
"question": "Name one ballet company in #2 .",
"answer": "The Australian Ballet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | The Australian Ballet | [] | true | What is the leading ballet company in the country where the discoverer of C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) is a citizen? |
2hop__137061_45752 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Two Step Moraine",
"paragraph_text": "Two Step Moraine () is a small area of homogeneous fine morainic debris, in the south-facing moraines at the foot of Two Step Cliffs, situated in the southern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Containing moist soil and two sub-glacial ponds, the feature is remarkable for its abundance of mosses, algae, and cyanobacteria in such a southerly location. The feature was named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1993 in association with Two Step Cliffs. in 1993 in association with Two Step Cliffs.\n\n\n== References ==\n This article incorporates public domain material from \"Two Step Moraine",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Beijing Ducks",
"paragraph_text": "The Beijing Shougang Ducks (\"simplified Chinese\": ��京�����球����部), alsoThe Beijing Shougang Ducks (\"simplified Chinese\": 北京鸭篮球俱乐部), also known as Beijing Shougang or Beijing Ducks, are a professional basketball team based in Beijing, China, which plays in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Shougang Corporation is the club's corporate sponsor while its mascot is a duck.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Execution of Louis XVI",
"paragraph_text": "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi",
"paragraph_text": "In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the title of \"Leader of the Revolution\" and continued as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He continued exerting considerable influence over Libya, with many critics insisting that the structure of Libya's direct democracy gave him \"the freedom to manipulate outcomes\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Duck, You Sucker!",
"paragraph_text": "Duck, You Sucker! (, lit. \"Duck Your Head\"), also known as A Fistful of Dynamite and Once Upon a Time… the Revolution, is a 1971 Italian epic Zapata Western film directed and co-written by Sergio Leone and starring Rod Steiger, James Coburn and Romolo Valli.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sebastian the Ibis",
"paragraph_text": "The ibis was chosen as Miami's unofficial mascot by Nathan Duncan in 1926 when the school's yearbook chose its name to be ``The Ibis. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Gilbert Gottfried",
"paragraph_text": "In March 2011, Gottfried made a series of jokes on his Twitter account about the earthquake disaster in Japan. Aflac, which does 75% of its business in Japan, responded by dismissing Gottfried from voicing its duck mascot on March 14, 2011, and announced a casting call for his replacement as the voice of the duck. He was replaced by Daniel McKeague (who did an impression of Gottfried) on April 26, 2011.In March 2011, Gottfried made a series of jokes on his Twitter account about the earthquake disaster in Japan. Aflac, which does 75% of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Step Up Revolution",
"paragraph_text": " Scott, Chuck Maldonado and Travis Wall. The production design was created by Carlos A. Menendez. Unlike the first three films, produced by Touchstone PicturesStep Up Revolution (also known as Step Up 4: Miami Heat, and previously titled Step Up 4Ever) is a 2012 American 3D dance film and the fourth installment in the \"Step Up\" film series. It was released on July 27, 2012. The film was directed by Scott Speer and stars Ryan Guzman and Kathryn McCormick, the latter from the sixth season of \"So You Think You Can Dance\". The film features choreography by Jamal Sims, Christopher Scott, Chuck Maldonado and Travis Wall. The production design was created by Carlos A. Menendez. Unlike the first three films, produced by Touchstone Pictures and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, this film was produced by Summit Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment without Disney's involvement and distributed by Lionsgate. This is also the first Summit Entertainment film after being acquired by Lionsgate in January 2012.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Aylesbury duck",
"paragraph_text": "By the time Beatrix Potter's 1908 The Tale of Jemima Puddle - Duck -- about an Aylesbury duck although set in Cumbria -- caused renewed interest in the breed, the Aylesbury duck was in steep decline. The duckers of Buckinghamshire had generally failed to introduce technological improvements such as the incubator, and inbreeding had dangerously weakened the breed. Meanwhile, the cost of duck food had risen fourfold over the 19th century, and from 1873 onwards competition from Pekin and Pekin cross ducks was undercutting Aylesbury ducks at the marketplace.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chihuahua (state)",
"paragraph_text": "The end of the Porfiriato came in 1910 with the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. Díaz had stated that Mexico was ready for democracy and he would step down to allow other candidates to compete for the presidency, but Díaz decided to run again in 1910 for the last time against Francisco I. Madero. During the campaign Díaz incarcerated Madero on election day in 1910. Díaz was announced the winner of the election by a landslide, triggering the revolution. Madero supporter Toribio Ortega took up arms with a group of followers at Cuchillo Parado, Chihuahua on November 10, 1910.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Leo Harris",
"paragraph_text": "Leo A. Harris (August 6, 1904 – April 22, 1990) was an American athlete, coach, and athletic director. He played college football at Stanford University, coached football and basketball at Fresno State College, and was the first athletic director for the University of Oregon, bringing success to a financially troubled system. He was also known for his handshake deal with Walt Disney that permitted the University of Oregon to use the likeness of Donald Duck as the basis for its mascot, the Oregon Duck.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Benny Beaver",
"paragraph_text": "Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mr. Duck Steps Out",
"paragraph_text": "Mr. Duck Steps Out is a Donald Duck cartoon made by The Walt Disney Company. The film was released on June 7,Mr. Duck Steps Out is a Donald Duck cartoon made by The Walt Disney Company. The film was released on June 7, 1940 and featured the debut of Daisy Duck. The short was directed by Jack King and written by Carl Barks, Chuck Couch, Jack Hannah, Harry Reeves, Milt Schaffer, and Frank TashlinMr. Duck Steps Out is a Donald Duck cartoon made by The Walt Disney Company. The film was released on June 7, 1940 and featured the debut of Daisy Duck. The short was directed by Jack King and written by Carl Barks, Chuck Couch, Jack Hannah, Harry Reeves, Milt Schaffer,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Digesting Duck",
"paragraph_text": " Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson and unveiled on 30 May 1764 in France. The mechanicalThe Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form ofThe Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson and unveiled on 30 May 1739 in France. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this—the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces were \"produced\" from a second, so that no actual digestion took place—Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "To Duck or Not to Duck",
"paragraph_text": "To Duck or Not to Duck is a Warner Bros./Looney Tunes cartoon released in theatres in 1943, directed by Chuck Jones and featuring Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd. It is one of very few cartoons to have both Elmer Fudd and Daffy Duck that does not involve Bugs Bunny in any form (and thus does not have Daffy and Bugs' famous \"duck season/rabbit season\" argument). the children's game duck, duck, goose.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years ===\nDuckDuckGo was founded by Gabriel Weinberg and launched on February 29, 2008, in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Weinberg is an entrepreneur who previously launched Names Database, a now-defunct social networkTo Duck or",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Why is a duck the mascot of the location where Step Up Revolution is set? | [
{
"id": 137061,
"question": "Which place is Step Up Revolution in?",
"answer": "Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 45752,
"question": "why does #1 have a duck as their mascot",
"answer": "when the school's yearbook chose its name to be ``The Ibis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | when the school's yearbook chose its name to be ``The Ibis | [] | true | Why does the place where Step Up Revolution takes place have a duck for a mascot? |
3hop1__131110_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Walnut Spring",
"paragraph_text": "alnut Spring is a historic home located near Kanodes Mill, Montgomery County, Virginia. The house is a large, two-story, gable-roofed, dwelling with a single pile central passage plan. It was built in the period 1830–1865. It has a long appendage to the rear made up of connected outbuildings. It features gable ends finished with tapered rake boards with decorative sawn ends and a boxWalnut Spring is a historic home located near Kanodes Mill, Montgomery County, Virginia. The house is a large, two-story, gable-roofed, dwelling with a single pile central passage plan. It was built in the period 1830-1865. It has a long appendage to the rear made up of connected outbuildings. It features gable ends finished with tapered rake boards with decorative sawn ends, and a box cornice detailed with a simple flat, stepped, or corbeled form.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Climate of Houston",
"paragraph_text": "Spring comes with a gradual warm up from winter, lasting from March 20 through May. Temperatures are generally not hot yet, averaging from 75 -- 82 ° F (23.9 -- 27.8 ° C) in the day and 56 -- 64 ° F (13.3 -- 17.8 ° C) at night. Spring thunderstorms are common, often with spectacular lightning shows. This rainfall prompts Houston's 10 - month - long ``growing season ''to begin. April sees the return of many types of insects, including butterflies and mosquitoes, to Houston's warm climate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Lime Kiln Valley AVA",
"paragraph_text": "The Lime Kiln Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the larger Cienega Valley AVA in San Benito County, California. This appellation spans and was granted AVA status in 1982. The soil in the region is composed of foundations of limestone and dolomite with sandy, gravelly loam above. The area has a wide diurnal temperature variation of up to , with daytime temperatures in to range during the summer growing seasons. The AVA is home to old vine Mourvedre plantings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sichuan",
"paragraph_text": "Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Victoria (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "bles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American CulturalIn winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alaska",
"paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Climate of Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Statewide, the highest rainfall amounts occur during the summer months. In northern Florida, there is a weak winter secondary maximum while statewide the driest months of the year are during the spring. During El Niño, Florida sees greater rainfall between November and March. Due to the lack of the secondary maximum across the peninsula, a distinct dry season is seen in the averages from winter through spring. This dry season provokes brush fires annually as temperatures rise during the late spring, before they fade during early June as the rainy season gets underway.Statewide, the highest rainfall amounts occur during the summer months. In northern Florida, there is a weak winter secondary maximum while statewide the driest months of the year are during the spring. During El Niño, Florida sees greater rainfall between November and March. Due to the lack of the secondary maximum across the peninsula, a distinct dry season is seen in the averages from winter through spring. This dry season provokes brush fires annually as temperatures rise during the late spring, before they fade during early June as the rainy season gets underway.The climate of the north and central parts of the U.S. state of Florida is humid subtropical. South Florida has a tropical climate. There is a defined rainy season from May through October when air-mass thundershowers that build in the heat of the day drop",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Paris",
"paragraph_text": "issement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster isSpring and autumn have, on average, mild days and fresh nights but are changing and unstable. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons. In winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cold but generally above freezing with temperatures around 7 °C (45 °F). Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature will dip below −5 °C (23 °F) for only a few days a year. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson has a desert climate (Köppen BWh), with two major seasons, summer and winter; plus three minor seasons: fall, spring, and the monsoon. Tucson averages 11.8 inches (299.7 mm) of precipitation per year, more than most other locations with desert climates, but it still qualifies due to its high evapotranspiration; in other words, it experiences a high net loss of water. A similar scenario is seen in Alice Springs, Australia, which averages 11 inches (279.4 mm) a year, but has a desert climate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the usual range of temperatures during winter days in Richmond, a region located in the same state as Walnut Spring? | [
{
"id": 131110,
"question": "What state is Walnut Spring located?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | In the state that includes Walnut Spring, what's the typical winter daytime temperature range in the region of Richmond? |
3hop2__28476_14777_9331 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Joseph Roth",
"paragraph_text": "After secondary school, Joseph Roth moved to Lemberg to begin his university studies in 1913, before transferring to the University of Vienna in 1914 to study philosophy and German literature. In 1916, Roth broke off his university studies and volunteered to serve in the Imperial Habsburg army fighting on the Eastern Front, \"though possibly only as an army journalist or censor.\" This experience had a major and long-lasting influence on his life. So, too, did the collapse in 1918 of the Habsburg Empire, which marked the beginning of a pronounced sense of \"homelessness\" that was to feature regularly in his work. As he wrote: \"My strongest experience was the War and the destruction of my fatherland, the only one I ever had, the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.\"After secondary school, Joseph Roth moved to Lemberg to begin his university studies in 1913, before transferring to the University of Vienna in 1914 to study philosophy and German literature. In 1916, Roth broke off his university studies and volunteered to serve in the Imperial Habsburg army fighting on the Eastern Front, \"though possibly only as an army journalist or censor.\" This experience had a major and long-lasting influence on his life. So, too, did the collapse in 1918 of the Habsburg Empire, which marked the beginning of a pronounced sense of \"homelessness\" that was to feature regularly in his work.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kanije Eyalet",
"paragraph_text": "The province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.The province of Kanije was establishedThe province of Kanije was established in 1600 after the town of Kanije was captured from Habsburgs. This newly conquered area was joined with territory of Zigetvar Province, which was formed in 1596 from some sanjaks of Budin Province (which had been expanded as a result of the Ottoman territorial gains during the Long War) and Bosnia Province. The Kanije Eyalet existed until the capture of Kanije by Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. It was formally ceded to Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Unification of Germany",
"paragraph_text": "Historians debate whether Otto von Bismarck -- Minister President of Prussia -- had a master plan to expand the North German Confederation of 1866 to include the remaining independent German states into a single entity or simply to expand the power of the Kingdom of Prussia. They conclude that factors in addition to the strength of Bismarck's Realpolitik led a collection of early modern polities to reorganize political, economic, military, and diplomatic relationships in the 19th century. Reaction to Danish and French nationalism provided foci for expressions of German unity. Military successes -- especially those of Prussia -- in three regional wars generated enthusiasm and pride that politicians could harness to promote unification. This experience echoed the memory of mutual accomplishment in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly in the War of Liberation of 1813 -- 14. By establishing a Germany without Austria, the political and administrative unification in 1871 at least temporarily solved the problem of dualism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Reichstag (North German Confederation)",
"paragraph_text": " German Empire.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== The draft constitution ===\nFollowing Prussia's victory in the 1866 Austro-PrThe Reichstag was the Parliament of the North German Confederation (), founded after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. It functioned until the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. Parliamentary sessions were held in the same building as the Upper House of the Prussian Landtag, the Prussian House of Lords, located at 3 Leipziger Straße in Berlin, Germany. The same location is now the home of the German Federal Bundesrat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Transportpolizei",
"paragraph_text": "After German reunification in 1990 the \"Transportpolizei\" was dissolved, with some 1200 of its personnel transferring to the (West) German \"Bahnpolizei\". On April 1, 1992 the \"Bahnpolizei\" was taken over by the German Federal Border Guard (now called the German Federal Police).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Franco-Prussian War",
"paragraph_text": "The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck planned to provoke a French attack in order to draw the southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by PartitionsThe sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kingdom of Bohemia",
"paragraph_text": "After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the territory became part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Bohemia retained its name and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia until 1918, known as a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and its capital Prague was one of the empire's leading cities. The Czech language (called the Bohemian language in English usage until the 19th century) was the main language of the Diet and the nobility until 1627 (after the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed). German was then formally made equal with Czech and eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet until the Czech National Revival in the 19th century. German was also widely used as the language of administration in many towns after the return of Germans immigrated and populated some areas of the country in the 13th century after the Migration Period. The royal court used the Czech, Latin, and German languages, depending on the ruler and period.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Burkhard Held",
"paragraph_text": "Burkhard Held is German painter living and working in Berlin, Germany. His art is based on figuration dissolving into abstraction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": "After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire. Established on 24 February 1918, the Republic of Estonia came into existence towards the end of World War I. During World War II, Estonia was then occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany a year later and again in 1944 establishing the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1988, during the Singing Revolution, the Estonian SSR issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration to defy against the illegal Soviet rule. Estonia then restored its independence during the 1991 coup by the Soviets on the night of 20 August 1991.Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What led to the dissolution of privileges in Poland by the empire which ruled over Estonia during The Great Awakening, the kingdom that annexed some parts of Thuringian land in 1815, and the Habsburg Monarchy? | [
{
"id": 28476,
"question": "Who was in control during the national awakening?",
"answer": "the Russian Empire",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 14777,
"question": "In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation?",
"answer": "the Kingdom of Prussia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 9331,
"question": "What dissolved the priveleges of #1 , #2 or Habsburg Monarchy?",
"answer": "March Constitution of Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | March Constitution of Poland | [
"PL",
"POL",
"Poland"
] | true | What dissolved the privileges in Poland of the empire that controlled Estonia during The Great Awakening, the Kingdom that acquired some Thuringian territory in 1815, and the Habsburg Monarchy? |
2hop__9512_36630 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.According to Joshua Baron – a \"researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict\" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have \"receded into the background\" with regards to relations",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 194In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation (education, experience, and apprenticeship) and higher level of fertility, and thereby lower levels of growth. He found that inequality is associated with higher levels of redistributive taxation, which is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment. Perotti concluded that, \"more equal societies have lower fertility rates and higher rates of investment in education. Both are reflected in higher rates of growth. Also, very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable, which is reflected in lower rates of investment and therefore growth.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Portugal",
"paragraph_text": "By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": " Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders betweenBecause of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since.Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Economic liberalisation in India",
"paragraph_text": " economic liberalisation in India refers to the series of policy changes aimed at opening up the country's economy to the world, with the objective ofThe economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growthThe economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growth recorded by the country in the 1990s and 2000s. Its opponents have blamed it for increased poverty, inequality and economic degradation. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet solved a variety of politically difficult issues, such as liberalising labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alps",
"paragraph_text": "The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes. Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum and Urtica dioica are some of the more useful medicinal species found in the Alps.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Economy of Greece",
"paragraph_text": "World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth. The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction – the growth elasticity of poverty – can depend on the existing level of inequality. For instance, with low inequality a country with a growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty, can halve poverty in ten years, but a country with high inequality would take nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction. In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Alps",
"paragraph_text": "Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Alps",
"paragraph_text": "The tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch, well above the eternal snow-line, after going through a tunnel in Eiger. During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a popular sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Growth in a Time of Debt",
"paragraph_text": "Growth in a Time of Debt, also known by its authors' names as Reinhart–Rogoff, is an economics paper by American economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff published in a non peer-reviewed issue of the \"American Economic Review\" in 2010. Politicians, commentators, and activists widely cited the paper in political debates over the effectiveness of austerity in fiscal policy for debt-burdened economies. The paper argues that when \"gross external debt reaches 60 percent of GDP\", a country's annual growth declined by two percent, and \"for levels of external debt in excess of 90 percent\" GDP growth was \"roughly cut in half.\" Appearing in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the evidence for the 90%-debt threshold hypothesis provided support for pro-austerity policies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality. Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011 incorrectly stated that inequality had a positive effect on economic development. Analyses based on comparing yearly equality figures to yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth. IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth. Developing countries with high inequality have \"succeeded in initiating growth at high rates for a few years\" but \"longer growth spells are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution.\"",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | During the construction of cog-railways in the Alps, which nations experienced economic advancement? | [
{
"id": 9512,
"question": "When were cog-railways built in the Alps?",
"answer": "early in the 20th century",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 36630,
"question": "What countries found their economic growth in #1 ?",
"answer": "United Kingdom and Prussia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | United Kingdom and Prussia | [
"United Kingdom"
] | true | Which countries found economic growth while cog-railways were built in the Alps? |
4hop1__39871_314549_131976_90181 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico",
"paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kennedytunnel",
"paragraph_text": "The Kennedytunnel is an important road, rail and bicycle tunnel to the south of Antwerp, Belgium under the Scheldt river. The road tunnel forms a part of Highway R1, the not yet completed inner ring motorway surrounding the city. Opened to road traffic on 31 May 1969, and to rail traffic on 1 February 1970, the tunnel was named after John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Newport News, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": " relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Villa District",
"paragraph_text": "The Villa District, also known as Villa Historic District, () is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on Chicago's Northwest Side within the community area of Irving Park. Its borders are along Pulaski Road to the west, the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line to the north, Hamlin Avenue to the east, and Addison Street to the south. Located directly north of the Wacławowo area of Avondale, the Villa District is serviced by the Blue Line's Addison street station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Dallas Municipal Building",
"paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mosaic Dallas",
"paragraph_text": "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Waban station",
"paragraph_text": "Waban is a surface-level light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line \"D\" Branch, located just south of Beacon Street at Waban Square in the Waban section of Newton, Massachusetts. The station is located below grade; access to both platforms is via Wyman Street on the outbound side of the tracks or a stairway from Beacon Street. Waban is not accessible.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Puerto Rico Trench",
"paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depthThe Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Oslo West Station",
"paragraph_text": "Oslo West Station () or Oslo V, is a former railway station located in Vika in Oslo, Norway. It was the terminus of the Drammen Line between 1872 and 1980, until the Oslo Tunnel opened. The station remained in use until 1989, when all traffic was moved to the new Oslo Central Station. Until its closure it was the main station for trains on the Sørland Line, the Drammen Line and the Vestfold Line. There was no passenger rail connection to Oslo Ø, the eastern station that served the eastern lines and trains to Bergen. The only connection was the Oslo Port Line that went partially through some of the most trafficked streets in Oslo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Refugio (SITEUR)",
"paragraph_text": "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre. y Cairo streets.\n\n\n== References ==Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located in the city centre, just northRefugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre. y Cairo streets.\n\n\n== References ==Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Sistema de Tren",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Montevideo",
"paragraph_text": ", Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including \"El Tango supremo\", La Cumparsita\", La Milonga\", \"La Puñalada\" and \"Desde el Alma\", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars andThe State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kera railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Kera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Where is the deepest section of the ocean situated in relation to the state that houses the Main Street Station? | [
{
"id": 39871,
"question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?",
"answer": "Newport News",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 314549,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 131976,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 90181,
"question": "what is the deepest part of #3",
"answer": "Milwaukee Deep",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Milwaukee Deep | [] | true | What is the deepest part of the ocean by the state where Main Street Station is located? |
3hop1__241001_568433_47686 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Šķirotava",
"paragraph_text": "Šķirotava is a neighbourhood of Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is located in the Latgale Suburb of Riga close to the city's southeastern border. The perfect way to get there is by Rīgas Satiksme companies buses: N3, N13, N15, N20, N34, N47, N48, N50, N52 or trolleybuses N16 and N22. Do not confuse with Šķirotava station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Gone with the Wind (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Cinematographer Lee Garmes began the production, but on March 11, 1939 -- after a month of shooting footage that Selznick and his associates regarded as ``too dark ''-- was replaced with Ernest Haller, working with Technicolor cinematographer Ray Rennahan. Garmes completed the first third of the film -- mostly everything prior to Melanie having the baby -- but did not receive a credit. Most of the filming was done on`` the back forty'' of Selznick International with all the location scenes being photographed in California, mostly in Los Angeles County or neighboring Ventura County. Tara, the fictional Southern plantation house, existed only as a plywood and papier - mâché facade built on the Selznick studio lot. For the burning of Atlanta, new false facades were built in front of the Selznick backlot's many old abandoned sets, and Selznick himself operated the controls for the explosives that burned them down. Sources at the time put the estimated production costs at $3.85 million, making it the second most expensive film made up to that point, with only Ben - Hur (1925) having cost more.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Employment Standards Act of British Columbia",
"paragraph_text": "The Employment Standards Act of British Columbia (Canada), is legislation enacted by the provincial government of British Columbia to protect the rights of working people. Sections within the act outline the employers responsibility to their employees, notably things such as minimum wage, meal breaks, and parental leave. The act also works to protect residents of the province by preventing employment discrimination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hyderabad",
"paragraph_text": "The most commonly used forms of medium distance transport in Hyderabad include government owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily across the entire network.:76 Hyderabad's light rail transportation system, the Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS), is a three line suburban rail service used by over 160,000 passengers daily. Complementing these government services are minibus routes operated by Setwin (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities). Intercity rail services also operate from Hyderabad; the main, and largest, station is Secunderabad Railway Station, which serves as Indian Railways' South Central Railway zone headquarters and a hub for both buses and MMTS light rail services connecting Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Other major railway stations in Hyderabad are Hyderabad Deccan Station, Kachiguda Railway Station, Begumpet Railway Station, Malkajgiri Railway Station and Lingampally Railway Station. The Hyderabad Metro, a new rapid transit system, is to be added to the existing public transport infrastructure and is scheduled to operate three lines by 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Children of the Street",
"paragraph_text": "Children of the Street (German: Kinder der Straße) is a 1929 German silent film directed by Carl Boese and starring Lissy Arna, Heinrich George and Rudolf Biebrach.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Bristol Commercial Vehicles",
"paragraph_text": "Bristol Commercial Vehicles was a vehicle manufacturer located in Bristol, England. Most production was of buses but trucks and railbus chassis were also built.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Arna (municipality)",
"paragraph_text": "Arna is a former municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1964 until 1972. It encompassed the northeastern part of the Bergen Peninsula, along the Sørfjorden, bordering the city of Bergen across the mountains to the west. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Indre Arna. The municipality stretched from Ytre Arna to Trengereid along the coast and then inland about to the Espeland area. Today, the area of the former municipality makes up the borough of Arna in the city of Bergen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Maternity leave in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Maternity leave in the United States is regulated by US labor law. There is a right to a temporary and unpaid period of absence from employment granted to expectant or new mothers during the months immediately before and after childbirth. These policies are generally aimed at supporting the mother's full recovery from childbirth and facilitating a stronger mother - child bond. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) requires 12 weeks of unpaid leave annually for most mothers of newborn or newly adopted children.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Full-time",
"paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tunes, Norway",
"paragraph_text": "Tunes is a village in Bergen municipality, Norway. It is a part of the urban area Indre Arna, which has a population of 6,166.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "School-leaving age",
"paragraph_text": "# Country De jure Education / Employment gap Year Notes School leaving age Employment age Australia 15 or 17 14.5 2011 The minimum ages from 2009 will be the following: Northern Territory - 15; ACT - 15; South Australia - 17; Queensland - 17; Students must remain in school until they turn 16 years of age or complete Year 10, which ever comes first. From there they must be ``learning or earning ''which means they must be employed at least 25 hours a week, or be in full time education or be in a combination of both part time employment and part time education which adds up to at least 25 hours a week until they turn 17 or complete Year 12 or equivalent, which ever comes first. Victoria - 17; Western Australia - 15; NSW - 17 (if they want to not do their HSC they need to be working at least 25 hours per week or at TAFE studying until they turn 17); Tasmania - 17. Fiji? 12 Marshall Islands 14 18 2005 F.S. Micronesia 14? New Zealand 16 0 Those at least 15 may leave school with permission from the Ministry of Education. Papua New Guinea? 2003 Palau 17? 2000 Solomon Islands? 12 2002",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Arna Selznick",
"paragraph_text": "Arna Selznick is a Canadian director and artist, known for directing Nelvana's 1985 animated film \"The Care Bears Movie\". Arna owns and operates a studio called Dancingmonkeys with her husband/partner John van Bruggen.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Natalie Turner",
"paragraph_text": "Turner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Scarlett O'Hara",
"paragraph_text": "The young English actress Vivien Leigh, virtually unknown in America, saw that several English actors, including Ronald Colman and Leslie Howard, were in consideration for the male leads in Gone with the Wind. Her agent happened to be the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency, headed by David Selznick's brother, Myron. Leigh asked Myron to put her name into consideration as Scarlett on the eve of the American release of her picture Fire Over England in February 1938. David Selznick watched both Fire Over England and her most recent picture, A Yank at Oxford, that month, and thought she was excellent but in no way a possible Scarlett, as she was ``too British ''. But Myron Selznick arranged for David to first meet Leigh on the night in December 1938 when the burning of the Atlanta Depot was being filmed on the Forty Acres backlot that Selznick International and RKO shared. Leigh and her then lover Laurence Olivier (later to be her husband) were visiting as guests of Myron Selznick, who was also Olivier's agent, while Leigh was in Hollywood hoping for a part in Olivier's current movie, Wuthering Heights. In a letter to his wife two days later, David Selznick admitted that Leigh was`` the Scarlett dark horse'', and after a series of screen tests, her casting was announced on January 13, 1939. Just before the shooting of the film, Selznick informed Ed Sullivan: ``Scarlett O'Hara's parents were French and Irish. Identically, Miss Leigh's parents are French and Irish. ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "HM Prison Tarrengower",
"paragraph_text": "HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Freedom Riders",
"paragraph_text": "Ride Date Carrier or terminal Point of departure Destination Ref. Note Original CORE Freedom Ride May 4 -- 17, 1961 Trailways Washington, D.C. New Orleans, Louisiana Greyhound Washington, D.C. New Orleans, Louisiana Nashville Student Movement Freedom Ride May 17 -- 21, 1961 Birmingham, Alabama New Orleans, Louisiana Connecticut Freedom Ride May 24 -- 25, 1961 Greyhound Atlanta, Georgia Montgomery Alabama Interfaith Freedom Ride June 13 -- 16, 1961 Greyhound Washington, D.C. Tallahassee, Florida Organized Labor -- Professional Freedom Ride June 13 -- 16, 1961 Washington, D.C. St. Petersburg, Florida Missouri to Louisiana CORE Freedom Ride July 8 -- 15, 1961 St. Louis, Missouri New Orleans, Louisiana New Jersey to Arkansas CORE Freedom Ride July 13 -- 24, 1961 Newark, New Jersey Little Rock, Arkansas Los Angeles to Houston Freedom Ride August 9 -- 11, 1961 Union Railway Station Los Angeles, California Houston, Texas Monroe Freedom Ride August 17 -- September 1, 1961 Monroe, North Carolina Prayer Pilgrimage Freedom Ride September 13, 1961 Trailways New Orleans, Louisiana Jackson, Mississippi Albany Freedom Rides November 1, 1961 Trailways (terminal only) Atlanta, Georgia Trailways Atlanta, Georgia Albany, Georgia November 22, 1961 Trailways (terminal only) Albany, Georgia December 10, 1961 Central Georgia Railroad Atlanta, Georgia Albany, Georgia McComb Freedom Rides November 29, 1961 Greyhound New Orleans, Louisiana McComb, Mississippi December 1, 1961 Greyhound Baton Rouge, Louisiana McComb, Mississippi December 2, 1961 Greyhound Jackson, Mississippi McComb, Mississippi",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": "The Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Southampton",
"paragraph_text": "Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured. Closure of the plant in 2013 was announced in 2012, with the loss of hundreds of jobs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Alvarado Transportation Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Alvarado Transportation Center (ATC) is a multimodal transit hub located at 100 1st Street SW in Downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. The complex was built as a hub for Albuquerque's regional transit system and as a replacement for Albuquerque's previous bus depot and train station. The center serves ABQ RIDE, Amtrak, Greyhound Lines, and the New Mexico Rail Runner Express commuter rail line.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "School-leaving age",
"paragraph_text": "# Country De jure Education / Employment gap Year Notes School leaving age Employment age Barbados 16 16? 1997 Belize 14 0 Canada 16 or 18 depending on province 16 2014 Costa Rica? 15 Cuba 16 0 Dominica 16 12 - 4 2004? Dominican Republic 18 21 2007? Grenada 14 0 2009 Haiti? 15 2002 Jamaica 14 12 - 2 2003 Mexico 15 0 2014 Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 0 1997 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines? 14? 2001 Trinidad and Tobago 12 0 United States 16 - 19 * 14 - 18 * The school leaving age varies from state to state with most having a leaving age of 16 or 17, but a handful having a leaving age of above that number. Students who complete a certain level of secondary education (``high school '') may take a standardized test and be graduated from compulsory education, the General Equivalency Degree. Gifted and talented students are also generally permitted by several states to accelerate their education so as to obtain a diploma prior to attaining the leaving age. Young people may seek employment at 14 in many states but, in practice, most employers seek someone slightly older. However, it is common for those aged 14 (and even younger) to gain employment in agriculture. * Varies by State or Territory",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where Arna Selznick's employer is headquartered? | [
{
"id": 241001,
"question": "Arna Selznick >> employer",
"answer": "Nelvana",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 568433,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Toronto Coach Terminal | [] | true | Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where Arna Selznick's employer is headquartered? |
2hop__231890_595414 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Union territory",
"paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Marin County Civic Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Marin County Civic Center, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in San Rafael, California, United States. Groundbreaking for the Civic Center Administration Building took place in 1960, after Wright's death and under the watch of Wright's protégé, Aaron Green; it was completed in 1962. The Hall of Justice was begun in 1966 and completed in 1969. Veterans Memorial Auditorium opened in 1971, and the Exhibit Hall opened in 1976.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Anthony and Caroline Isermann House",
"paragraph_text": "The Anthony and Caroline Isermann House is located in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States. Designed in the Prairie School by a student of Frank Lloyd Wright, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Lloyd Dane",
"paragraph_text": "Lloyd Dane (August 19, 1925 – December 11, 2015) was a NASCAR Grand National Series driver from Eldon, Missouri. He participated part-time in the 1951 and 1954 to 1964 seasons, capturing four wins, all in his own car. Two of Dane's wins came during the 1956 season, when he finished a career best 23rd in points.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "York, Dane County, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "York is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 703 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of York Center is located in the town.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "McFarland School District",
"paragraph_text": "McFarland School District is located in McFarland, in Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. It operates McFarland High School and the Wisconsin Virtual Academy, a charter school.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "British Togoland",
"paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Italian Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "George Furbeck House",
"paragraph_text": "The George W. Furbeck House is a house located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The house was designed by famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1897 and constructed for Chicago electrical contractor George W. Furbeck and his new bride Sue Allin Harrington. The home's interior is much as it appeared when the house was completed but the exterior has seen some alteration. The house is an important example of Frank Lloyd Wright's transitional period of the late 1890s which culminated with the birth of the first fully mature early modern Prairie style house. The Furbeck House was listed as a contributing property to a U.S. federal Registered Historic District in 1973 and declared a local Oak Park Landmark in 2002.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Eldon, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Eldon is a city in Miller County, Missouri, United States, located thirty miles southwest of Jefferson City. The population was 4,567 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "States of Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Vermont, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Vermont is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 839 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Elvers and Vermont are located in the town.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Door Creek, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Door Creek (also Buckeye, Deer Creek) is an unincorporated community located in the town of Cottage Grove, Dane County, Wisconsin, United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries",
"paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Federalism",
"paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Black Earth, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Black Earth is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,338 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Black Earth. It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Minsk Region",
"paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which county does Lloyd Dane's birthplace belong to? | [
{
"id": 231890,
"question": "Lloyd Dane >> place of birth",
"answer": "Eldon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 595414,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Miller County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Miller County | [
"Miller County, Missouri"
] | true | Which county does Lloyd Dane's birthplace belong to? |
2hop__525242_52835 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Happy Pills (song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Happy Pills\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It is the lead single from her fifth studio album \"Little Broken Hearts\" and was released digitally on March 6, 2012. Written by Jones and co-written and produced by Brian Burton, it tells the story of Jones emancipating herself from a relationship and finding that she is better off alone. Musically, it is a gritty, bluesy song with a playful pop sound. It received mostly positive reviews, with many critics complimenting its style and the chemistry between Jones and Burton.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Big Bad John (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Big Bad John is a 1990 film directed by Burt Kennedy. It stars Ned Beatty and Jimmy Dean, the latter of whom wrote and performed the song the film is based upon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "It's What's Happenin'",
"paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Birth control",
"paragraph_text": "Emergency contraceptive methods are medications (sometimes misleadingly referred to as \"morning-after pills\") or devices used after unprotected sexual intercourse with the hope of preventing pregnancy. They work primarily by preventing ovulation or fertilization. They are unlikely to affect implantation, but this has not been completely excluded. A number of options exist, including high dose birth control pills, levonorgestrel, mifepristone, ulipristal and IUDs. Providing emergency contraceptive pills to women in advance does not affect rates of sexually transmitted infections, condom use, pregnancy rates, or sexual risk-taking behavior. All methods have minimal side effects.Levonorgestrel pills, when used within 3 days, decrease the chance of pregnancy after a single episode of unprotected sex or condom failure by 70% (resulting in a pregnancy rate of 2.2%). Ulipristal, when used within 5 days, decreases the chance of pregnancy by about 85% (pregnancy rate 1.4%) and is more effective than levonorgestrel. Mifepristone is also more effective than levonorgestrel, while copper IUDs are the most effective method. IUDs can be inserted up to five days after intercourse and prevent about 99% of pregnancies after an episode of unprotected sex (pregnancy rate of 0.1 to 0.2%). This makes them the most effective form of emergency contraceptive. In those who are overweight or obese, levonorgestrel is less effective and an IUD or ulipristal is recommended.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)",
"paragraph_text": "Actor Terrence Mann was cast as the Beast. Mann had previously performed as Javert in Les Misérables, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. For his final audition for Disney management, Mann performed for a large audience comprising Disney executives and secretaries in a theatre located on 42nd Street, which he felt was in stark contrast to the usual method of auditioning for six to eight people in a dark theatre. Actor Gary Beach was cast as Lumiere. Beach had seen Beauty and the Beast premiere at the El Capitan Theatre, prior to which he had watched a stage rendition of the film, and thoroughly enjoyed both. Beach was particularly drawn to Jerry Orbach's rendition of ``Be Our Guest ''in his role as Lumiere, thinking,`` Now why ca n't I get a part like that''. Two years later, Beach received a call from casting director Jay Binder inviting him to play Lumiere during their workshop of Beauty and the Beast, but kept turning down the offer due to having prior commitments to an upcoming show starring comedian Carol Burnett. It was only at Burnett's insistence that Beach finally accepted. Amidst a cast of relatively obscure actors, Tom Bosley, famous for his roles on the television series Happy Days and Murder, She Wrote, became the show's most recognizable performer when he was cast as Belle's father Maurice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her \"best and kindest adviser\", to thank him \"for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see.\" However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Stark Raving Dad",
"paragraph_text": "Al Jean and Mike Reiss wrote the episode while Rich Moore served as director. Michael Jackson guest - starred in the episode as the speaking voice of Leon Kompowsky. For contractual reasons, he was credited as John Jay Smith in the closing credits, and his role in the episode was not officially confirmed until later. Jackson was a fan of the show and called creator Matt Groening one night offering to do a guest spot. Jackson pitched several story ideas for the episode and wrote the song ``Happy Birthday Lisa ''that is featured in the plot. He also stipulated that he would provide Kompowsky's speaking voice, but his singing voice would be performed by a sound - alike (Kipp Lennon) because he wanted to play a joke on his brothers. The episode contains references to many aspects of Jackson's career, with Kompowsky singing portions of the songs`` Billie Jean'' and ``Ben ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "American Idol",
"paragraph_text": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Huib Drion",
"paragraph_text": "Huib Drion (The Hague, 25 April 1917 – Leiden, 20 April 2004) was a Dutch Supreme Court judge and professor of civil law who became famous for proposing a suicide pill, which was later called Drion's pill after him.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that \"concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art.\" Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as \"always crescendo to a high note\", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring. Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin \"has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn\". Hiller wrote that \"What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jacques Pills",
"paragraph_text": "Jacques Pills (7 January 1906, Tulle, France — 12 September 1970) was a French singer and actor, born René Jacques Ducos. His impresario was Bruno Coquatrix. In 1959, Pills was the Monegasque entrant at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 with the song \"Mon ami Pierrot\". The song ended last, in eleventh place and got only one point.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of \"Somebody to Love\" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of \"The Show Must Go On\" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of \"We Are the Champions\" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features \"We Will Rock You\" played by the medieval audience.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Architecture",
"paragraph_text": "On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: \"You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Luigi Romanelli",
"paragraph_text": "He wrote tens of librettos, most of them for operas to be performed at La Scala in Milan. In the same city he was professor of declamation at the conservatory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Gelukkig zijn",
"paragraph_text": "\"Gelukkig zijn\" (translated: \"Being happy\", English version: \"Could It Be Happiness\") was the Belgian entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1975, performed in Dutch and English by Ann Christy. When performing the song at Eurovision in Stockholm, Christy sang the first verse and chorus in Dutch and the rest in English.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Unsustainable Lifestyle",
"paragraph_text": "The Unsustainable Lifestyle is the first full-length CD by Indie rock band Beauty Pill. It was released in 2004 on Dischord Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Birth control",
"paragraph_text": "In 1909, Richard Richter developed the first intrauterine device made from silkworm gut, which was further developed and marketed in Germany by Ernst Gräfenberg in the late 1920s. In 1951, a chemist, named Carl Djerassi from Mexico City made the hormones in progesterone pills using Mexican yams. Djerassi had chemically created the pill but was not equipped to distribute it to patients. Meanwhile, Gregory Pincus and John Rock with help from the Planned Parenthood Federation of America developed the first birth control pills in the 1950s, such as mestranol / noretynodrel, which became publicly available in the 1960s through the Food and Drug Administration under the name Enovid. Medical abortion became an alternative to surgical abortion with the availability of prostaglandin analogs in the 1970s and mifepristone in the 1980s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Happy End (musical)",
"paragraph_text": "Happy End is a three-act musical comedy by Kurt Weill, Elisabeth Hauptmann, and Bertolt Brecht which first opened in Berlin at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm on September 2, 1929. It closed after seven performances. In 1977 it premiered on Broadway, where it ran for 75 performances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Zephroniidae",
"paragraph_text": "Zephroniidae (sometimes misspelled \"Zephronidae\") is a family of giant pill millipedes in the taxonomic order Sphaerotheriida. They occur in southeast Asia from the Himalayas and China south and east to Sulawesi and to Australia, and also inhabit some Philippine islands.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who wrote "Turn Me On" by performer of "Happy Pills"? | [
{
"id": 525242,
"question": "Happy Pills >> performer",
"answer": "Norah Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 52835,
"question": "who wrote turn me on by #1",
"answer": "John D. Loudermilk",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | John D. Loudermilk | [] | true | Who wrote "Turn Me On" by performer of "Happy Pills"? |
2hop__169443_83769 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "My School Daze",
"paragraph_text": "My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Good Will Hunting",
"paragraph_text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon (and with Damon in the title role), the film follows 20 - year - old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nikolaj Coster-Waldau",
"paragraph_text": "Nikolaj Coster - Waldau (Danish pronunciation: (neɡolaj kʌsdɐ ˈvaldɑw); born 27 July 1970) is a Danish actor, producer and screenwriter. He graduated from the Danish National School of Theatre in Copenhagen in 1993. Coster - Waldau's breakthrough performance in Denmark was his role in the film Nightwatch (1994). Since then he has appeared in numerous films in his native Scandinavia and Europe in general, including Headhunters (2011) and A Thousand Times Good Night (2013).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Baldeep Singh",
"paragraph_text": "Baldeep Singh (born 17 August 1982) is an Indian footballer who plays for Air India as a Defender in I-League. He is often referred to as \"Baldeep Singh Senior\" to avoid confusion with another former JCT player Baldeep Singh \"Junior\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Cast Away",
"paragraph_text": "In the film, Wilson the volleyball serves as Chuck Noland's personified friend and only companion during the four years that Noland spends alone on a deserted island. Named after the volleyball's manufacturer, Wilson Sporting Goods, the character was created by screenwriter William Broyles, Jr... While researching for the film, he consulted with professional survival experts, and then chose to deliberately strand himself for one week on an isolated beach in the Gulf of California, to force himself to search for water and food, and obtain his own shelter. During this time, a volleyball washed up on shore. This was the inspiration for the film's inanimate companion. From a screenwriting point of view, Wilson also serves to realistically allow dialogue in a one - person - only situation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Caroline Rose Hunt",
"paragraph_text": "Caroline Rose Hunt was born on January 8, 1923, the daughter of oilman H. L. Hunt (1889–1974) and Lyda Bunker (1889–1955). She had six siblings: Margaret Hunt Hill (1915–2007), H. L. Hunt III (1917–2005), Lyda Bunker Hunt (born and died in 1925), Nelson Bunker Hunt (1926–2014), William Herbert Hunt (born 1929), and Lamar Hunt (1932–2006). While she was growing up, the family lived in the east Texas town of Tyler. Hunt said that as a child, she was unaware of the family's wealth until she found a \"Life\" magazine picture of her father, \"with a caption that asked, 'Is this the richest man in the world?' \"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Griffon Bruxellois",
"paragraph_text": "In the film As Good as It Gets (1997), as Verdell, played by six Brussels Griffons, named Timer, Sprout, Debbie, Billy, Parfait, and Jill the star",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chester Bennington",
"paragraph_text": "Chester Charles Bennington (March 20, 1976 -- July 20, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He served as lead singer for the bands Linkin Park, Dead by Sunrise, Grey Daze, and Stone Temple Pilots.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon",
"paragraph_text": "Damon and Ben Affleck wrote \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in \"The Martian\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Give 'em Hell, Harry!",
"paragraph_text": "Give 'em Hell, Harry! is a biographical play and 1975 film, written by playwright Samuel Gallu. Both the play and film are a one-man show about former President of the United States Harry S. Truman. \"Give 'em Hell, Harry!\" stars James Whitmore, and was directed by Steve Binder and Peter H. Hunt.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Rhys Adrian",
"paragraph_text": "Rhys Adrian Griffiths (28 February 1928 – 8 February 1990) was a British playwright and screenwriter. He is best known for his radio plays, which are characterised by their emphasis upon dialogue rather than narrative.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt \"weak and unwell\", and by mid-January she was \"drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused\". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Alien vs. Predator (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Ian Whyte as The Predator, ``Scar '', one of three Predators who come to Earth to create and hunt Aliens within the pyramid as a rite of passage. Whyte played the lead Predator, called Scar in the film's credits due to the Predator marking himself with the Alien's acidic blood. Whyte also played the two Predators Chopper and Celtic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bombers B-52",
"paragraph_text": "Bombers B-52 (released in the UK as No Sleep till Dawn) is a 1957 Warner Bros. CinemaScope film in WarnerColor, produced by Richard Whorf and directed by Gordon Douglas. The film stars Natalie Wood and Karl Malden, and co-stars Marsha Hunt and Efrem Zimbalist Jr.. It was adapted from a Sam Rolfe story by screenwriter Irving Wallace. Leonard Rosenman composed the score.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Dazed and Confused (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "70th Academy Awards",
"paragraph_text": "Titanic won a record - tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. Other winners included As Good as It Gets, Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential with two awards, and The Full Monty, Geri's Game, Karakter, The Long Way Home, Visas and Virtue, Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Matthew McConaughey",
"paragraph_text": "Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Christin Hinojosa",
"paragraph_text": "Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in \"Dazed and Confused\". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kyan Khojandi",
"paragraph_text": "Kyan Khojandi (born 29 August 1982 in Reims, France) is a French comedian, actor and screenwriter born to a French mother and an Iranian father. He is best known for playing the main character in the television series \"Bref\", which was broadcast on Canal+ from 2011 to 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sunshine Radio (Thailand)",
"paragraph_text": "Sunshine Radio (Thailand) is a community radio station in Thailand which plays Thai adult contemporary music. It broadcasts in Pattaya, Hat Yai and Phuket. Its slogan is \"Good Life, Good Music\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who did the screenwriter for Good Will Hunting play in Dazed and Confused? | [
{
"id": 169443,
"question": "Good Will Hunting >> screenwriter",
"answer": "Ben Affleck",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 83769,
"question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused",
"answer": "Fred O'Bannion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Fred O'Bannion | [] | true | Who did the screenwriter for Good Will Hunting play in Dazed and Confused? |
4hop1__436202_765799_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Carreño",
"paragraph_text": "Carreño is a municipality in the autonomous community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered by Corvera de Asturias on the west, Gozón on the north, the Cantabrian Sea on the north and east, and Gijón on the east and south. Its capital is Candás.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Stepanakert Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Stepanakert Airport (, ) is an airport in Khojaly, near Stepanakert, the capital city of the \"de facto\" independent Republic of Artsakh (NKR). The airport has been under the control of the Republic of Artsakh since 1992. Flights ceased to take place with the escalation of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1990. As the airport lies within the internationally recognized borders of Azerbaijan, and the current government is unrecognized, there are no codes for the airport in the official IATA list.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of capitals in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Washington, D.C. is the current federal capital city of the United States, as it has been since 1800. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its Insular areas. Historically, most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and other unrecognized governments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Babassoua",
"paragraph_text": "Babassoua is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui and near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Łumbie",
"paragraph_text": "Łumbie , is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sejny, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It lies approximately north-west of Sejny and north of the regional capital Białystok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Chaman",
"paragraph_text": "Chaman (Pashto/Urdu: چمن) is the capital of Qilla Abdullah District, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. It is situated just south of the Wesh-Chaman border crossing with the neighbouring Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. After the capital Quetta, Chaman is the second-largest city and tehsil in the Pashtun majority northern part of Balochistan Province.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Namibia",
"paragraph_text": "Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Potes",
"paragraph_text": "Potes is a municipality in the autonomous community of Cantabria in Spain. It is the capital of the Comarca of Liébana and is located in the centre of it. It is bordered to the north by Cillorigo de Liébana, to the west by Camaleño, to the south by Vega de Liébana and to the east by Cabezón de Liébana.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Apulia",
"paragraph_text": "It is bordered by the other Italian regions of Molise to the north, Campania to the west, and Basilicata to the southwest. Across the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, it faces Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, and Montenegro. Its capital city is Bari.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Piłatowszczyzna",
"paragraph_text": "Piłatowszczyzna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gródek, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately north-east of Gródek and east of the regional capital Białystok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "National Workers Memorial (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Province of Toledo",
"paragraph_text": "Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Madrid, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Cáceres, and Ávila. Its capital is the city of Toledo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sleen",
"paragraph_text": "Sleen is a village in Drenthe, Netherlands of about 2500 people. Sleen has been inhabited for centuries. Much ancient history can be found in the area, particularly in the forests (which are planted, though). At birth and during the Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795)). Sleen became the capital of one of the six “dingspels” (administrative areas) of Drenthe. When Drenthe was recognised as a province, Sleen became a municipality capital, before it merged into the municipality of Coevorden.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": "Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kingdom of Gera",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "J. P. Hayes",
"paragraph_text": "Hayes was born and raised in Appleton, Wisconsin. He attended the University of Texas at El Paso, where he was a member of the golf team. He majored in marketing and graduated in 1988. In 1989, he turned professional.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Slivnitsa",
"paragraph_text": "Slivnitsa () is a town in western Bulgaria, 22 km away from Sofia, lying on the main road connecting the capital with the Bulgarian-Serbian border. Slivnitsa is part of Sofia Province and is close to the towns of Kostinbrod and Dragoman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sinzongo",
"paragraph_text": "Sinzongo is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui and near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county in which J. P. Hayes was born? | [
{
"id": 436202,
"question": "J. P. Hayes >> place of birth",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 765799,
"question": "#1 >> capital of",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county in which J. P. Hayes was born? |
2hop__21104_16335 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Gianluca Susta",
"paragraph_text": "Gianluca Susta (born 10 April 1956, Biella) is an Italian politician. He is a member of the Italian Senate, elected in February 2013. Previously he served as Mayor of Biella from 1992 to 2004, he was a member of the European Parliament between 8 May 2006, when he took up a seat vacated after the 2006 Italian general election and his election to the Italian Senate. He represents the Margherita within the ALDE parliamentary group. He took a pro-European stance by signing the Spinelli Group Manifesto.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Vaginal yeast infection",
"paragraph_text": "Vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidal vulvovaginitis and vaginal thrush, is excessive growth of yeast in the vagina that results in irritation. The most common symptom is vaginal itching, which may be severe. Other symptoms include burning with urination, a thick, white vaginal discharge that typically does not smell bad, pain during sex, and redness around the vagina. Symptoms often worsen just before a woman's period.Vaginal yeast infections are due to excessive growth of Candida. These yeast are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. It is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection; however, it may occur more often in those who are frequently sexually active. Risk factors include taking antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. Eating a diet high in simple sugar may also play a role. Tight clothing, type of underwear, and personal hygiene do not appear to be factors. Diagnosis is by testing a sample of vaginal discharge. As symptoms are similar to that of the sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia and gonorrhea, testing may be recommended.Despite the lack of evidence, wearing cotton underwear and loose fitting clothing is often recommended as a preventative measure. Avoiding douching and scented hygiene products is also recommended. Treatment is with an antifungal medication. This may be either as a cream such as clotrimazole or with oral medications such as fluconazole. Probiotics have not been found to be useful for active infections.Around 75% of women have at least one vaginal yeast infection at some point in their lives, while nearly half have at least two. Around 5% have more than three infections in a single year. It is the second most common cause of vaginal inflammation after bacterial vaginosis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination may contribute to this gap. On average, women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work, and may be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference. A U.S. Census's report stated that in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men. The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bahrain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Race (human categorization)",
"paragraph_text": "Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to \"circumvent some of the complications associated with selection\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed \"a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups\". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the \"northern\" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the \"southern\" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the \"southern\" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were \"consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Alessandro Cattelan",
"paragraph_text": "Alessandro Cattelan (born 11 May 1980 in Tortona) is an Italian television personality known for presenting \"TRL Italy\", the Italian version of Total Request Live broadcast by MTV Italia, and \"Le Iene\", broadcast by Mediaset's Italia 1. He has hosted the Italian version of The X Factor (Italy) since 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Infection",
"paragraph_text": "A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pub",
"paragraph_text": "The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Other historians believe that conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth, due to various factors such as the illegality of male conversion to Judaism in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century. Another factor that would have made conversion difficult in the Roman world was the halakhic requirement of circumcision, a requirement that proselytizing Christianity quickly dropped. The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal. In addition, historians argue the very figure (4 million) that had been guessed to account for the population of Jews in the ancient Roman Empire is an error that has long been disproven and thus the assumption that conversion impacted Jewish population growth in ancient Rome on a large scale is false. The 8 million figure is also in doubt as it may refer to a census of total Roman citizens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term \"melting pot\" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Race (human categorization)",
"paragraph_text": "The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and between populations for individual genes, or for many genes simultaneously. It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15. This translates to an estimated 85% of the variation measured in the overall human population is found within individuals of the same population, and about 15% of the variation occurs between populations. These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group. Richard Lewontin, who affirmed these ratios, thus concluded neither \"race\" nor \"subspecies\" were appropriate or useful ways to describe human populations. However, others have noticed that group variation was relatively similar to the variation observed in other mammalian species.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Race (human categorization)",
"paragraph_text": "Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question \"How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?\" to be \"never\". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that \"caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes.\" Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, \"The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | The group representing at least 70% of Jews worldwide and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors? | [
{
"id": 21104,
"question": "Which group represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?",
"answer": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 16335,
"question": "#1 and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?",
"answer": "inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire | [
"Roman Empire"
] | true | The group representing at least 70% of Jews worldwide and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors? |
2hop__499003_853511 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bach to the Blues",
"paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Monty Python's Flying Circus",
"paragraph_text": "Monty Python's Flying Circus (known during the final series as just Monty Python) is a British sketch comedy series created by the comedy group Monty Python and broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to 1974. The shows were composed of surreality, risqué or innuendo - laden humour, sight gags and observational sketches without punchlines. It also featured animations by group member Terry Gilliam, often sequenced or merged with live action. The first episode was recorded on 7 September and premiered on 5 October 1969 on BBC One, with 45 episodes airing over four series from 1969 to 1974, plus two episodes for German TV.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Carryin' On",
"paragraph_text": "Carryin' On is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album marked Green's return to the Blue Note label and embracing a jazz-funk style that he would play for the rest of his life.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sia, le rêve du python",
"paragraph_text": "Sia, le rêve du python (English title: \"Sia, The Dream of the Python\") is a 2001 film by Burkina Faso-based filmmaker Dani Kouyaté.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Easterly Winds",
"paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Vega Strike",
"paragraph_text": "\"Vega Strike\" is programmed in C/C++ over the OpenGL 3D graphics API and performs internal scripting written in Python and XML. Released under the GNU General Public License, \"Vega Strike\" is free and open source software.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Top and Bottom Brass",
"paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Soundsigns",
"paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Brian Song",
"paragraph_text": "``Brian Song ''is the title song from the 1979 film Monty Python's Life of Brian. It was released as a single in the UK on 16 November 1979 as a Double A side with`` Always Look on the Bright Side of Life''. The song, which charts the growth of the Brian character to manhood, was composed by Andre Jacquemin and Dave Howman with lyrics by Michael Palin. It was performed by sixteen - year - old Sonia Jones with a string and brass accompaniment in the style of a John Barry film theme (the entire brass section was performed via extensive multitracking by John Du Prez). It is included on the Monty Python's Life of Brian album and on the CD Monty Python Sings. Martin Chilton, the Culture Editor for The Telegraph website, listed it as one of the five best Monty Python songs in 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tarot Classics",
"paragraph_text": "Tarot Classics is an EP by Florida-based indie rock band Surfer Blood released on October 25, 2011 on Kanine Records. It is their last release for Kanine.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Finland (song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Finland\" is a Monty Python comedy song written and performed by Michael Palin and arranged by John Du Prez with a guitar accompaniment. It first appeared on the album \"Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album\" from 1980 and was later included on the 1989 compilation \"Monty Python Sings\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jamal Plays Jamal",
"paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Waterfalls (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Straight No Filter",
"paragraph_text": "Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Really Big!",
"paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Thinking of Home",
"paragraph_text": "Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Voice That Is!",
"paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "It's What's Happenin'",
"paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)",
"paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Pythons (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Pythons is the second studio album by indie rock band Surfer Blood. It was released in June 2013 under Sire Records and produced by Gil Norton. Following the release of their EP, \"Tarot Classics\", Surfer Blood had been writing songs whilst on tour. The first song to be written for the album is technically \"Prom Song\", as they have had the guitar parts for this song for a few years now. The album features all the qualities that define Surfer Blood's sound, but is stripped of its reverb and given a more polished production, as opposed to the production that took place in front-man John Paul Pitts' apartment. \"Pixies\" guitarist Joey Santiago lent the band equipment such as amplifiers and guitars during the album's production, as Norton is a close friend of his because he produced most of the Pixies discography.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the record label for the band which performed Pythons? | [
{
"id": 499003,
"question": "Pythons >> performer",
"answer": "Surfer Blood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 853511,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Kanine Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Kanine Records | [] | true | What is the record label for the band which performed Pythons? |
3hop2__19639_90098_10557 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mount Clarence King",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ancient Egyptian deities",
"paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "History of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kievan Rus'",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Morgan Crofton",
"paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse",
"paragraph_text": "Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse (), also known as the Qasemi Bathhouse, is a traditional Iranian public bathhouse in Kashan, Iran. It was constructed in the 16th century, during the Safavid era; however, the bathhouse was damaged in 1778 as a result of an earthquake and was renovated during the Qajar era. The bathhouse is named after Imamzadeh Sultan Amir Ahmad, whose mausoleum is nearby.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sylvester, West Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a town in Boone County, West Virginia, United States, along the Big Coal River. The population was 160 at the 2010 census. Sylvester was incorporated on April 11, 1952 by the Boone County Circuit Court. Sylvester bears the name of a family of settlers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jenő",
"paragraph_text": "Jenő () is a Hungarian male given name, equivalent to Eugene. In Austria and Germany the name is often simplified to Jenö (which in Hungarian is a shorter vowel) and pronounced as German umlaut ö. Jenő is also the legendary founder of one of Hungary's original tribes, and the name of that tribe. Since the 19th century it became a variant of Eugen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Allagash River",
"paragraph_text": "The Allagash River is a tributary of the Saint John River, approximately long, in northern Maine in the United States. It drains in a remote and scenic area of wilderness in the Maine North Woods north of Mount Katahdin. The name \"Allagash\" comes from the Abenaki language, a dialect of the Algonquin languages, spoken by the Penobscot Tribe The word, \"/walakéskʸihtəkʸ/\", means \"bark stream\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "French Canadians",
"paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Erik Björnsson",
"paragraph_text": "Erik Björnsson was one of the sons of Björn Ironside and a semi-legendary king of Sweden of the House of Munsö, who would have lived in the late 9th century. One of the few surviving Scandinavian sources that deal with Swedish kings from this time is \"Hervarar saga\". It says:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mosaic",
"paragraph_text": "Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Budapest",
"paragraph_text": "The Magyar tribes led by Árpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest, and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary. Research places the probable residence of the Árpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest. The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved that it is difficult to mount a defence on a plain. King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns and set his own royal palace on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361 it became the capital of Hungary.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kievan Rus'",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them \"back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves.\" The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Normans",
"paragraph_text": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann \"Northman\" or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "William Harwar Parker",
"paragraph_text": "William Harwar Parker (October 8, 1826 – December 30, 1896) was an officer in the United States Navy and later in the Confederate States Navy. His autobiography, entitled \"Recollections of a Naval Officer 1841–1865\", provides a unique insight into the United States Navy of the mid-19th century during an era when the Age of Sail was coming to an end and the advent of steam power and ironclads was beginning.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yanpar",
"paragraph_text": "Yanpar (also known as Gökkuşağı) is a village in Akdeniz district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated just south of Çukurova motorway. The distance to Mersin is . The name of the village refers to the Yanpar tribe. Although there are no references to this tribe in historical records, according to the village website, Yanpar is the original name of the Yaparlu tribe of the historical records. Yanpar tribe is a Turkmen tribe that migrated from Central Anatolia to the present area during the short Egyptian rule in the 1830s. The population of the village was 730 as of 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the version of the language where the last name Sylvester originates, used in the era of the king that united the tribes in the 9th century, later called? | [
{
"id": 19639,
"question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the version of the language where the last name Sylvester originates, used in the era of the king that united the tribes in the 9th century, later called? |
2hop__82910_75184 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alex Candelario",
"paragraph_text": "Alex Canderlario (born February 26, 1975) is an American cyclist. He is a member of the team Optum p/b Kelly Benefit Strategies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Back to the Future characters",
"paragraph_text": "George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Eric Stoltz",
"paragraph_text": "Originally cast as Marty McFly for Back to the Future in late 1984, he was replaced after about a month of filming when Michael J. Fox (the director's first choice for the role) agreed to divide time between the movie and his television sitcom Family Ties. The director, Robert Zemeckis, said that while Stoltz provided an admirable performance, it lacked the precise comedic sense that Zemeckis was seeking. Some of the original footage, where Stoltz does not appear but was on set, was used in the film. Stoltz playing the character was referenced in the 2010 episode of Fringe titled ``Peter ''when, in a parallel universe, a theater marquee reads`` Back to the Future starring Eric Stoltz''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle",
"paragraph_text": "Nick Jonas as Jefferson ``Seaplane ''McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar. Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who was trapped inside the Jumanji video game for two decades. Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears two decades later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "David Hull (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "David Hull (born 1985) is an American actor, best known for playing White Josh in The CW comedy - drama series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Back to the Future",
"paragraph_text": "Following Stoltz's departure, Fox's schedule during weekdays consisted of filming Family Ties during the day, and Back to the Future from 6:30 pm to 2:30 am. He averaged five hours of sleep each night. During Fridays, he shot from 10 pm to 6 or 7 am, and then moved on to film exterior scenes throughout the weekend, as only then was he available during daytime hours. Fox found it exhausting, but \"it was my dream to be in the film and television business, although I didn't know I'd be in them simultaneously. It was just this weird ride and I got on.\" Zemeckis concurred, dubbing Back to the Future \"the film that would not wrap\". He recalled that because they shot night after night, he was always \"half asleep\" and the \"fattest, most out-of-shape and sick I ever was\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Alex P. Keaton",
"paragraph_text": "Alex P. Keaton is a fictional character on the United States television sitcom Family Ties, which aired on NBC for seven seasons, from 1982 to 1989. Family Ties reflected the move in the United States away from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between Young Republican Alex (Michael J. Fox) and his hippie parents, Steven (Michael Gross) and Elyse Keaton (Meredith Baxter). President of the United States Ronald Reagan once stated that Family Ties was his favorite television show.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Family Stone",
"paragraph_text": "The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. Overwhelmed by the hostile reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support, triggering further complications.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "A Fifth of Funk",
"paragraph_text": "A Fifth of Funk is the fifth and final installment of the George Clinton Family Series collection by Parliament-Funkadelic collective members. The album was released in Japan in 1993 by P-Vine Records, and later in the same year by AEM Records in the United States and Sequel Records in the United Kingdom. The compilation's producer and P-Funk leader George Clinton gives his final thoughts about the tracks on the album, as well as his feelings on the entire Family Series project, for \"A Fifth of Funk\"s final track. The title is a play on words of Beethoven's \"Symphony No. 5\", as well as Walter Murphy's 1976 disco hit \"A Fifth of Beethoven\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Something About You (Level 42 song)",
"paragraph_text": "Mark King appears as a dark clown magician, representing the negative aspects in the relationships of Mike Lindup, Phil and Boon Gould with their girlfriends, all played by actress Cherie Lunghi.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Seven Chances",
"paragraph_text": "Seven Chances is a 1925 American comedy silent film directed by and starring Buster Keaton, based on the play of the same name by Roi Cooper Megrue, produced in 1916 by David Belasco. Additional cast members include T. Roy Barnes, Snitz Edwards and Ruth Dwyer. Jean Arthur, a future star, has an uncredited supporting role. The film's opening scenes were shot in early Technicolor, and this rare color footage still survives on the Kino International special edition DVD print.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Romain Danzé",
"paragraph_text": "Romain Danzé (born 3 July 1986) is a French footballer who plays for Stade Rennais in Ligue 1. He plays as a right-back, but can also play as a midfielder or left-back.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jill Novick",
"paragraph_text": "Jill Novick (born January 20, 1966 in Westchester County, New York) is an American actress. She played Tracy Gaylian, the girlfriend of Brandon in the 1996–1997 season of \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Jill Novick played the young Theodora \"Teddy\" Reed on the TV series Sisters",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Chuck Muncie",
"paragraph_text": "Harry Vance \"Chuck\" Muncie (March 17, 1953 − May 13, 2013) was an American football running back who played for the New Orleans Saints and San Diego Chargers in the National Football League (NFL) from 1976 to 1984. He was selected to the Pro Bowl three times, and tied the then-NFL season record for rushing touchdowns in 1981.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Back to the Future Part II",
"paragraph_text": "On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Samantha Taggart",
"paragraph_text": "In the 12th season finale, ``21 Guns '', Steve, an EMT Student named Mary and another prisoner named Rafe hatch an escape plot: Steve and Rafe injuring themselves and then escaping from the hospital. They stab Luka with a syringe as Sam looks on in horror. Because the syringe contained a paralyzing drug that would have led to his death, Sam steps in and treats him in spite of the prisoners' threats, saying she is going to make sure he does n't die regardless of what they say; Steve makes his partners back off long enough for Sam to intubate Luka. They proceed to start shooting throughout the hospital once police catch on, using Sam as a hostage. Jerry Markovic is hurt in the shooting. Steve drags Sam outside, towards the getaway van. She begs him,`` Think about Alex!'' but as it turns out, he already had, and Alex is tied up inside the van. Sam immediately gets in the van after seeing Alex, and later, Steve tells her that God spoke to him, and told him he had to get his family back together. With Sam and Alex as hostages, the three attempt to make an escape to Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Brian Bonsall",
"paragraph_text": "Brian Eric Bonsall (born December 3, 1981) is an American rock musician, singer, guitarist and former child actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Andrew ``Andy ''Keaton, the youngest child on the NBC sitcom Family Ties from 1986 until 1989, and Alexander Rozhenko, the son of Worf and K'ehleyr, on Star Trek: The Next Generation from 1992 to 1994.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Andy Barclay",
"paragraph_text": "Andy Barclay Child's Play character Andy in Child's Play 2 First appearance Child's Play Created by Don Mancini Portrayed by Alex Vincent (1 - 2, 6 - 7) Justin Whalin (3) Information Full name Andrew William Barclay Gender Male Family Karen Barclay (mother) Mr. Barclay (deceased father) Michael Norris (stepfather) Kyle (foster sister) Phil Simpson (deceased foster father) Joanne Simpson (deceased foster mother) Nationality American",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of Back to the Future characters",
"paragraph_text": "The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Paul Koulibaly",
"paragraph_text": "Keba Paul Koulibaly is a Burkinabé football defender who plays for the Burkina Faso national football team. He plays as a centre back or a left back. He currently plays for ENPPI Club in Egypt.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who played the girlfriend of Alex P. Keaton's actor on Family Ties in Back to the Future? | [
{
"id": 82910,
"question": "who played alex p keaton on family ties",
"answer": "Michael J. Fox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 75184,
"question": "who played #1 girlfriend in back to the future",
"answer": "Claudia Wells",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Claudia Wells | [] | true | Who played the girlfriend of Alex P. Keaton's actor on Family Ties in Back to the Future? |
4hop1__17192_17130_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Lindell Beach, British Columbia",
"paragraph_text": "Lindell Beach is a rural farming community comprising the southern end of the Columbia Valley of the Lower Mainland region of the province of British Columbia, Canada, which lies south of the City of Chilliwack. It is located at the south end of Cultus Lake which is the main waterbody in the Columbia Valley, and just north of the boundary of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Rupniów",
"paragraph_text": "Rupniów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Limanowa, within Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Limanowa and south-east of the regional capital Kraków.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Goląsza Dolna",
"paragraph_text": "Goląsza Dolna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Psary, within Będzin County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Psary, north of Będzin, and north-east of the regional capital Katowice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Klaproth (crater)",
"paragraph_text": "Klaproth is an old lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon's near side. Due to its location, this crater appears significantly foreshortened when viewed from the Earth. The southern rim of the crater is overlain by the similar-sized crater Casatus, and to the north-northeast lies Blancanus.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Prandocin-Iły",
"paragraph_text": "Prandocin-Iły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słomniki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Słomniki and north-east of the regional capital Kraków.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Winowno",
"paragraph_text": "Winowno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koziegłowy, within Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Koziegłowy, west of Myszków, and north of the regional capital Katowice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jumeirah Beach",
"paragraph_text": "Jumeira Beach is a white sand beach that is located and named after the Jumeirah district of Dubai, on the coast of the Persian Gulf. It stretches along the coast south of the city's historic district to the junction with The Palm Jumeirah and terminates between the southern end of the Jumeirah Beach Residence (adjacent to the Dubai Marina district) and the port facilities at Jebel Ali.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ciborowice",
"paragraph_text": "Ciborowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Proszowice, within Proszowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately east of Proszowice and north-east of the regional capital Kraków.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Arabian Sea",
"paragraph_text": "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the northeast and east by the Indian Peninsula on the west by Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, on the north by Pakistan and Iran and on the South by the Maldives. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is 3,862,000 km (1,491,000 sq mi) and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft). The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab - el - Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Gmina Rędziny",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Rędziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rędziny, which lies approximately north-east of Częstochowa and north of the regional capital Katowice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Gmina Miedźno",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Miedźno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Miedźno, which lies approximately north-east of Kłobuck and north of the regional capital Katowice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Gmina Pałecznica",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Pałecznica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Proszowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pałecznica, which lies approximately north of Proszowice and north-east of the regional capital Kraków.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Southern Yacht Club",
"paragraph_text": "The Southern Yacht Club is located in New Orleans, Louisiana's West End neighborhood, on the shores of Lake Pontchartrain. Established on July 21, 1849, it is the second oldest yacht club in the United States and a founding member of the Gulf Yachting Association.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Minhla, Bago",
"paragraph_text": "Minhla is a town and seat of Minhla Township, Tharrawaddy District, in the Bago Region of southern-central Myanmar. It lies approximately 20 kilometres south of Okpho off National Highway 2. It is located roughly 155 kilometres north of Yangon. Its population in 1908 was 2553. Minhla was occupied during the Third Anglo-Burmese War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Wariri",
"paragraph_text": "Wariri (Aymara \"wari\" vicuña, \"-(i)ri\" a suffix, Hispanicized spelling \"Huarire\", also \"Huairire\") is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about high. It is located in the Tacna Region, Tarata Province, Susapaya District. Wariri lies between the lake Wilaquta in the north and Ñiq'i Quta (\"mud lake\") in the south.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gmina Niegowa",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Niegowa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Niegowa, which lies approximately north-east of Myszków and north-east of the regional capital Katowice.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the region immediately north of the region where the country that secured southern Lebanon is located and the Persian Gulf established? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 17130,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Middle East",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region immediately north of the region where the country that secured southern Lebanon is located and the Persian Gulf established? |
4hop1__56635_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"paragraph_text": "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (known as the LDS Church or, informally, the Mormon Church) is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. According to the church, it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of nearly 16 million. It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth - largest Christian denomination in the United States. It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": "Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "United Church of Canada",
"paragraph_text": "The United Church of Canada (French: Église unie du Canada) is a mainline Reformed denomination and the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada, and the largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church. In 2011, Statistics Canada reported approximately 2 million people identifying as adherents. The United Church was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Protestant denominations with a total combined membership of about 600,000 members: the Methodist Church, Canada, the Congregational Union of Ontario and Quebec, two - thirds of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Association of Local Union Churches, a movement predominantly of the Canadian Prairie provinces. The Canadian Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren Church joined the United Church of Canada on January 1, 1968.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Minsk Region",
"paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Affordable Health Care for America Act",
"paragraph_text": "The Affordable Health Care for America Act (or HR 3962) was a bill that was crafted by the United States House of Representatives in October 29th of 2009. It never became law as originally drafted. At the encouragement of the Obama administration, the 111th Congress devoted much of its time to enacting reform of the United States' health care system. Known as the ``House bill '', HR 3962 was the House of Representatives' chief legislative proposal during the health reform debate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Louisiana Purchase",
"paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States. Before 1803, Louisiana had been under Spanish control for forty years. Although Spain aided the rebels in the American Revolutionary War, the Spanish did n't want the Americans to settle in their territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "United States Virgin Islands",
"paragraph_text": "Previously the Danish West Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark -- Norway, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in the Treaty of the Danish West Indies of 1916. They are classified by the U.N. as a Non-Self - Governing Territory, and are currently an organized, unincorporated United States territory. The U.S. Virgin Islands are organized under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and have since held five constitutional conventions. The last and only proposed Constitution, adopted by the Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2009, was rejected by the U.S. Congress in 2010, which urged the convention to reconvene to address the concerns Congress and the Obama Administration had with the proposed document. The Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands met in October 2012 to address these concerns, but was not able to produce a revised Constitution before its October 31 deadline.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Crucifixion of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that \"Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross\". Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Marian reforms",
"paragraph_text": "The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman Republic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Catholic Church in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. With 70.4 million members, it is the largest religious denomination in the United States, comprising 22% of the population as of 2017. The United States has the fourth largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, the largest Catholic minority population, and the largest English - speaking Catholic population. The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular \"Bible study\" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly \"Field Service Report\". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed \"irregular\" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed \"inactive\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of the Rosary",
"paragraph_text": "In 1569, the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices by the Dominican Pope Pius V officially established the devotion to the rosary in the Catholic Church. Saint Peter Canisius, a Doctor of the Church, who is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence ``Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners '', was an ardent advocate of the rosary and promoted it (and its Marian devotion in general) as the best way to repair the damage done to the Church by the Reformation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Uri Regev",
"paragraph_text": "Uri Regev is a lawyer and rabbi of the Reform movement of Judaism in Israel, and an active civil rights and religious pluralism advocate. Currently he serves as the President and CEO of “Hiddush – For Freedom of Religion and Equality”, a trans-denominational nonprofit organization aimed at promoting religious freedom and equality in Israel, a partnership between Israeli Jews and World Jewry, founded in 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod",
"paragraph_text": "The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), also referred to simply as the Wisconsin Synod, is an American Confessional Lutheran denomination of Christianity. Characterized as theologically conservative, it was founded in 1850 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. As of 2018, it had a baptized membership of 359,426 in 1,281 , with churches in 47 US states and 4 provinces of Canada. The WELS also does gospel outreach in 40 countries around the world. It is the third largest Lutheran denomination in the United States. The WELS school system is the fourth largest private school system in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "My Utmost for His Highest",
"paragraph_text": "My Utmost for His Highest is a daily devotional by Oswald Chambers (1874 - 1917) that compiles his Christian preaching to students and soldiers. Chambers' widow self - published the book with Alden in Oxford circa 1927 (McFarland, ``Abandoned to God '', 1993, p. 278). The book was first published in America by Dodd, Mead, & Co., in 1935. The copyright was renewed in 1963 by the Oswald Chambers Publications Association, Ltd. The`` Updated Edition in Today's Language,'' edited by James Reimann, has appeared in a variety of formats since 1992. It relies on the New King James Version of the Bible, and has become a series of Christian devotional journals, calendars, and children's books. The title is taken from one of Chambers's sermons, where he says ``Shut out every consideration and keep yourself before God for this one thing only - My Utmost for His Highest ''. The book is considered to be one of the most popular religious books ever written, inspiring several people such as author Cal Thomas and President George W. Bush.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Religion in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church, 68,202,492 members The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,136,044 members The United Methodist Church, 7,679,850 members The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints, 6,157,238 members The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Świecie County",
"paragraph_text": "Świecie County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świecie, which lies north of Toruń and north-east of Bydgoszcz. The only other town in the county is Nowe, lying north-east of Świecie.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | The German priest, who wanted to reform the religious denomination now the largest in the US, preached a sermon on Marian devotion soon before his death in which German state? | [
{
"id": 56635,
"question": "what is the largest religious denomination in the united states",
"answer": "The Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | The German priest, who wanted to reform the religious denomination now the largest in the US, preached a sermon on Marian devotion soon before his death in which German state? |
2hop__88372_83837 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Annie (musical)",
"paragraph_text": "Warbucks brings Annie to Washington, D.C., where she requests to meet the president. Warbucks thinks that it would be better if Annie waited outside, but Franklin D. Roosevelt asks her to stay. She begins to sing ``Tomorrow '', though shushed by the cabinet. Roosevelt, however, believes that people must be optimistic during tough times, and commands them to sing (`` Tomorrow'' Cabinet reprise). Once back home, Warbucks tells Annie how much he loves her (``Something Was Missing ''). Because her parents have not shown up, he announces he would like to adopt her (`` I Do n't Need Anything But You''). They decide to throw a Christmas party, and Annie wants to invite Miss Hannigan and the orphans. While preparing, the delighted staff tell of how her arrival has changed their lives (``Annie '').",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer",
"paragraph_text": "Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer is a 1995 compilation album by Frank Sinatra, that has him singing the songs written by Johnny Mercer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Home Alone Tonight",
"paragraph_text": "``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jim Cornelison",
"paragraph_text": "James Cornelison (born June 20, 1964) is a professional singer who sings ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''and`` O Canada'' at the beginning of home games for the Chicago Blackhawks and he is accompanied by organist Frank Pellico. Cornelison started singing the anthem for the Blackhawks part - time in 1996; he has been singing the national anthem for the Blackhawks full - time since 2007. He has also performed the anthem before Chicago Bears home games at Soldier Field during the 2010 - 11 NFL playoffs, as well as the 2011 season opener against the Atlanta Falcons, which fell on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sing You Sinners (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Sing You Sinners is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and starring Bing Crosby, Fred MacMurray, Ellen Drew, and Donald O'Connor. Written by Claude Binyon, the film is about three singing brothers who go to California to find their fortune. Initially the film was to be titled \"The Unholy Beebes\" and then \"Harmony for Three\" before finishing with \"Sing You Sinners\". Filming took place in April/May 1938 in Hollywood. Race track scenes were filmed at the Pomona Fairgrounds and at Santa Anita using two dozen of Crosby's horses. \"Sing You Sinners\" was premiered on August 5, 1938 at the Del Mar racetrack with the New York premiere taking place on August 16.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sunset in Wyoming",
"paragraph_text": "Sunset in Wyoming is a 1941 American Western film directed by William Morgan and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, George Cleveland, and Maris Wrixon. Based on a story by Joe Blair, the film is about a singing cowboy who goes up against a lumber company clearcutting the timber from a local mountain causing catastrophic flooding and endangering the lives of valley ranchers. The film features the songs \"There's a Home in Wyomin'\" and \"Sing Me a Song of the Saddle\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Crash My Party",
"paragraph_text": "Crash My Party is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released on August 13, 2013 by Capitol Nashville. Its first single, the title track, reached number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart. The album was produced by Jeff Stevens. A deluxe edition with four bonus tracks is available exclusively at Target and Walmart.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sing for the Moment",
"paragraph_text": "``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sonu Nigam",
"paragraph_text": "Sonu Nigam was born on 30 July 1973 to Agam Kumar Nigam and Shobha Nigam, in the city of Faridabad, Haryana. His father was from Agra and his mother was from Garhwal. His sister Teesha Nigam is also a professional singer.Nigam began his singing career at the age of four, when he joined his father Agam Kumar Nigam on stage to sing Mohammed Rafi's song \"Kya Hua Tera Wada\". Nigam began accompanying his father on his singing appearances at weddings and parties. He moved to Mumbai with his father to begin his Bollywood singing career at the age of 18. He was trained by Hindustani classical singer Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan.Nigam married Madhurima Mishra on 15 February 2002. He has a son named Nevaan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Boulevard of Broken Songs",
"paragraph_text": "\"Boulevard of Broken Songs\" (also known as \"Wonderwall of Broken Songs\" or \"Wonderwall of Broken Dreams\") is a popular mash-up mixed by San Francisco, California, DJ and producer Party Ben in late 2004. The mix consisted of elements from Green Day's \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\", Oasis's \"Wonderwall\", Travis's \"Writing to Reach You\", and Eminem's \"Sing for the Moment\", which itself samples Aerosmith's \"Dream On\". \"Sing for the Moment\" was used solely because Party Ben did not have \"Dream On\" on hand and was on deadline for his \"Sixx Mixx\" radio show. Later versions (see below) used Aerosmith's original.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "I'll Cry If I Want To",
"paragraph_text": "I'll Cry If I Want To was the debut album of Lesley Gore. The album included her hit singles ``It's My Party ''and its follow - up,`` Judy's Turn to Cry''. The album was rushed out after ``It's My Party ''became a big hit, and the songs are mostly about crying, linking to the hit single's first line`` It's my party and I'll cry if I want to'', incorporating songs with titles such as ``Cry '',`` Just Let Me Cry'' and ``Cry and You Cry Alone ''. Besides the hit singles, the album included pop standards such as`` Misty'', ``Cry Me a River ''and`` What Kind of Fool Am I?''. The album reached # 24 on the Billboard 200. Edsel Records released the album on Compact Disc in 2000 in combination with Gore's second album, Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed - Up Hearts. The album was named the 181st best album of the 1960s by Pitchfork.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dilana",
"paragraph_text": "Dilana Jansen van Vuuren was born in Johannesburg, South Africa on 10 August 1972. Her surname changed to Smith when she was about two years old, when her mother married her stepfather, and he adopted her. Dilana used singing as an escape from an unpleasant home scene, participating in school choir competitions and festivals, as well as church choir and fondue parties.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "I Still Call Australia Home",
"paragraph_text": "``I Still Call Australia Home ''is a song written and performed by Peter Allen in 1980. In it, Allen sings of Australian expatriates' longing for home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The LeFevres",
"paragraph_text": "The LeFevres, or The Singing LeFevres, were an American Southern gospel singing group, active for nearly 50 years in the middle of the twentieth century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Stuck in the Middle with You",
"paragraph_text": "``Stuck in the Middle ''was released on Stealers Wheel's 1972 eponymous debut album. Gerry Rafferty provided the lead vocals, with Joe Egan singing harmony. It was produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Rafferty's lyrics are a dismissive tale of a music industry cocktail party written and performed as a pastiche of Bob Dylan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing",
"paragraph_text": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing is the self-produced ninth album by American R&B singer Barry White, released in 1979 on the 20th Century-Fox Records label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Castle on the Hudson",
"paragraph_text": "Castle on the Hudson (UK title: Years Without Days) is a 1940 American film noir drama directed by Anatole Litvak and starring John Garfield, Ann Sheridan, and Pat O'Brien. A thief is sent to Sing Sing Prison, where he is befriended by the reform-minded warden. The film was based on the book \"Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing\", written by Lewis E. Lawes, whom the warden was based upon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "I'll Cry If I Want To",
"paragraph_text": "I'll Cry If I Want To was the debut album of Lesley Gore. The album included her hit singles \"It's My Party\" and its follow-up, \"Judy's Turn to Cry\". The album was rushed out after \"It's My Party\" became a big hit, and the songs are mostly about crying, linking to the hit single's first line \"It's my party and I'll cry if I want to\", incorporating songs with titles such as \"Cry\", \"Just Let Me Cry\" and \"Cry and You Cry Alone\". Besides the hit singles, the album included pop standards such as \"Misty\", \"Cry Me a River\" and \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\". The album reached #24 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Edsel Records released the album on Compact Disc in 2000 in combination with Gore's second album, \"Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts\". The album was named the 181st best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "20,000 Years in Sing Sing",
"paragraph_text": "20,000 Years in Sing Sing is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film set in Sing Sing Penitentiary, the maximum security prison in Ossining, New York, starring Spencer Tracy as an inmate and Bette Davis as his girlfriend. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and based upon the nonfiction book \"Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing\", written by Lewis E. Lawes, the warden of Sing Sing from 1920 to 1941.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Singed",
"paragraph_text": "Singed is a 1927 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. The film was directed by John Griffith Wray and stars Blanche Sweet. \"Singed\" is based on Adela Rogers St. Johns' story \"Love o' Women\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who sings home alone tonight with the singer of you can crash my party anytime? | [
{
"id": 88372,
"question": "who sings you can crash my party anytime",
"answer": "Luke Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 83837,
"question": "who sings home alone tonight with #1",
"answer": "Karen Fairchild",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Karen Fairchild | [] | true | Who sings home alone tonight with the singer of you can crash my party anytime? |
3hop2__326964_36852_7713 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Zarqa Governorate",
"paragraph_text": "Zarqa Governorate (Arabic \"محافظة الزرقاء\" \"Muħāfazat az-Zarqāʔ\", local dialects \"ez-Zergā\" or \"ez-Zer'a\") is the third largest governorate in Jordan by population. The capital of Zarqa governorate is Zarqa City, which is the largest city in the governorate. It is located east of the Jordanian capital Amman. The second largest city in the governorate is Russeifa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing",
"paragraph_text": "The 14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing was a suicide car bomb attack on a market, near a police headquarters, in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, on 14 September 2004, killing 47 people and wounding 114.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Anzoátegui",
"paragraph_text": "Anzoátegui State (, ) is one of the 23 component states of Venezuela, located in the northeastern region of the country. Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km long. Its capital is the city of Barcelona, and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Abuja",
"paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Thombattu",
"paragraph_text": "Thombattu is a village in Kundapura Taluk in Karnataka, India. It is in the Udupi district. It is located 45 km towards North from District headquarters Udupi. 26 km from Kundapura. 410 km from State capital Bangalore. Kota, Udupi, Karkala, Sagar are the nearby cities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Vijayawada",
"paragraph_text": "Vijayawada is a city in the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, on the banks of River Krishna in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The city is the third most densely populated in the urban population of built - up areas in the world. Vijayawada is classified as a Y - grade city as per the Sixth Central Pay Commission. Vijayawada is the commercial headquarters of Andhra Pradesh. It was recognised as a ``Global City of the Future ''by McKinsey Quarterly, which expected an increase to GDP of $17 billion by 2025.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of San Luis",
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Luis, is located in the city of San Luis, capital city of San Luis Province in the Cuyo region of Argentina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Champaner",
"paragraph_text": "Champaner (ચાંપાનેર), formarly known as Muhammadpur, is a historical city in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of Delhi",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports. The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Shizuoka Prefecture",
"paragraph_text": "Shizuoka Prefecture (静岡県, Shizuoka-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. The capital is the city of Shizuoka, while Hamamatsu is the largest city by population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hillsboro, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Hillsboro is a city in Vernon County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,417 at the 2010 census. The city is located within the Town of Hillsboro. Hillsboro is known as the Czech Capital of Wisconsin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of capitals in Pakistan",
"paragraph_text": "Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan on 14 August 1967, exactly 20 years after the country's independence. Previously, Rawalpindi was the capital, designated in 1958. The first capital of Pakistan was the coastal city of Karachi, which was selected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Karachi was and still is the largest city and economic capital of Pakistan. It remained the seat of government until 1959, when the military president, Ayub Khan, decided to build a new capital in the north of Pakistan, near the general headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces at Rawalpindi.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperation the Qing court ordered a Chinese official, Zeng Guofan, to organize regional and village militias into an emergency army called tuanlian. Zeng Guofan's strategy was to rely on local gentry to raise a new type of military organization from those provinces that the Taiping rebels directly threatened. This new force became known as the Xiang Army, named after the Hunan region where it was raised. The Xiang Army was a hybrid of local militia and a standing army. It was given professional training, but was paid for out of regional coffers and funds its commanders — mostly members of the Chinese gentry — could muster. The Xiang Army and its successor, the Huai Army, created by Zeng Guofan's colleague and mentee Li Hongzhang, were collectively called the \"Yong Ying\" (Brave Camp).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Samar National School",
"paragraph_text": "Samar National School (SNS) is the mother school of the province of Samar, under the Catbalogan City Division, Philippines located in its capital city, Catbalogan that was founded in 1904.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kathmandu",
"paragraph_text": "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi).",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | How long was the city the Qing lost in 1853 the capital of the province where Yaxing Coach is headquartered? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 36852,
"question": "What city did the Qing lose in 1853?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long was the city the Qing lost in 1853 the capital of the province where Yaxing Coach is headquartered? |
2hop__669456_108549 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Casanovas",
"paragraph_text": "Casanovas is a Swedish dansband established in 1989 in Vadstena, Sweden. They won the Svenska dansbandsmästerskapen, the Swedish Dansband Competition in 1998 with Andreas Hedenskog as vocalist. The present line-up of the band is Henrik Sethsson on vocals (who has replaced Hedenskog), Jimmy Lindberg on guitar, Stefan Ryding on bass and Hans Plahn on drums.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen",
"paragraph_text": "In 1987, at the age of six months, the twins were cast in the role of Michelle Tanner on the ABC sitcom Full House. They began filming at nine months old. In order to comply with child labor laws that set strict limits on how long a child actor may work, the sisters took turns playing the role. The Olsens continued to portray Michelle throughout the show's run, which concluded in 1995.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Michelle Tanner",
"paragraph_text": "The production team behind Full House did not want people to know that Michelle was played by a set of twins, so the girls were credited as ``Mary - Kate Ashley Olsen ''for most of the show's run (making it appear as if a single actress had the first name Mary - Kate and the middle name Ashley). Although the two were credited separately as`` Mary - Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen'' during the closing credits in the series' first season (they were not officially added to the opening title sequence until season two but were credited in the syndicated versions of the season one opening titles), it was not until the eighth and final season that the twins were credited as ``Mary - Kate and Ashley Olsen ''in the opening titles. Despite the fact that the Olsens are fraternal twins, their physical appearances were nonetheless similar enough so that few could tell the difference between the two over the course of the show's run. In season one, Mary - Kate was used more often due to the fact Ashley cried when she was put on set for a scene.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Troy Sanders (composer)",
"paragraph_text": "For 30 years Sanders worked steadily in Hollywood since the first talkies hit the screen, contributing to different areas of the music department, while working mostly as an advisor for composers such as Irving Berlin, Johnny Burke, Frederick Hollander, John Leipold, Alfred Newman, Walter Scharf, Jimmy Van Heusen, Franz Waxman and Victor Young, among others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Olsen Gang Goes Crazy",
"paragraph_text": "The Olsen Gang Goes Crazy () is a 1973 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. This was the fifth film in the Olsen Gang-series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kristoffer Olsen Oustad",
"paragraph_text": "Kristoffer Olsen Oustad (January 27, 1857 – February 13, 1943) was a Norwegian-American engineer who designed major structures in the United States. Often working together with three other Norwegian-American engineers (Martin Sigvart Grytbak, Andreas W. Munster and Frederick William Cappelen) he designed bridges and other buildings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Smallville",
"paragraph_text": "Smallville is an American television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The series, initially broadcast by The WB, premiered on October 16, 2001. After \"Smallville\"s fifth season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, the series' later United States broadcaster. \"Smallville\", which ended its tenth and final season on May 13, 2011, follows Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, before he becomes known as Superman. The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school. After season five \"Smallville\" ventures into adult settings, eventually focusing on his career at the \"Daily Planet\" and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Young and the Restless",
"paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless Also known as Y&R Genre Soap opera Drama Created by William J. Bell Lee Phillip Bell Written by Mal Young Directed by Sally McDonald Owen Renfroe Conal O'Brien Casey Childs Michael Eilbaum See below Starring Present cast Former cast Theme music composer RC Cates Sharon Farber Rick Krizman Dominic Messinger Opening theme ``Nadia's Theme ''by Barry De Vorzon and Perry Botkin, Jr. Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of episodes 11,000 (as of September 1, 2016) Production Executive producer (s) Mal Young (and others) Producer (s) Supervising Producers John Fisher Anthony Morina Producer Mary O'Leary Coordinating Producer Matthew J. Olsen Associate Producer Jimmy Freeman See below Location (s) CBS Television City Los Angeles, California Camera setup Multiple - camera setup Running time 30 minutes (1973 -- 80) 60 minutes (1980 -- present) Production company (s) Bell Dramatic Serial Company (1973 -- present) Corday Productions (1973 -- present) Screen Gems (1973 -- 74) Columbia Pictures Television (1974 -- 2000) CPT Holdings, Inc. (1988 -- present) Columbia TriStar Television (2000 -- 2002) Sony Pictures Television (2002 -- present) Distributor Sony Pictures Television Release Original network CBS Picture format NTSC (480i) (1973 -- 2001) HDTV 1080i (2001 -- present) Audio format Mono (1973 -- 87) Stereo (1987 -- present) Original release March 26, 1973 (1973 - 03 - 26) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows As the World Turns The Bold and the Beautiful External links Website",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Young and the Restless",
"paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless Also known as Y&R Genre Soap opera Drama Created by William J. Bell Lee Phillip Bell Written by Mal Young Directed by Sally McDonald Owen Renfroe Conal O'Brien Casey Childs Michael Eilbaum See below Starring Present cast Former cast Theme music composer RC Cates Sharon Farber Rick Krizman Dominic Messinger Opening theme ``Nadia's Theme ''by Barry De Vorzon and Perry Botkin, Jr. Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of episodes 11,000 (as of September 1, 2016) Production Executive producer (s) Mal Young (and others) Producer (s) Supervising Producers John Fisher Anthony Morina Producer Mary O'Leary Coordinating Producer Matthew J. Olsen Associate Producer Jimmy Freeman See below Location (s) CBS Television City Los Angeles, California Camera setup Multiple - camera setup Running time 30 minutes (1973 -- 80) 60 minutes (1980 -- present) Production company (s) Bell Dramatic Serial Company (1973 -- present) Corday Productions (1973 -- present) Screen Gems (1973 -- 74) Columbia Pictures Television (1974 -- 2001) CPT Holdings, Inc. (1988 -- present) Columbia TriStar Television (2001 -- 02) Sony Pictures Television (2002 -- present) Distributor Sony Pictures Television Release Original network CBS Picture format NTSC (480i) (1973 -- 2001) HDTV 1080i (2001 -- present) Audio format Mono (1973 -- 87) Stereo (1987 -- present) Original release March 26, 1973 (1973 - 03 - 26) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows As the World Turns The Bold and the Beautiful External links Website www.cbs.com/shows/the_young_and_the_restless/",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Bjørnar Olsen",
"paragraph_text": "Bjørnar Julius Olsen (born 2 January 1958, Finnmark, Norway) is professor at the University of Tromsø. He is a Norwegian archaeologist who specializes in archaeological theory, material culture, museology, northern/Arctic archaeology. Olsen is a prominent figure in the turn to things, including symmetrical archaeology.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Last Exploits of the Olsen Gang",
"paragraph_text": "The Last Exploits of the Olsen Gang () is a 1974 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. This was the sixth film in the Olsen Gang-series, and at the time of production it was meant to be the last. It was selected as the Danish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 47th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Ultimate Entrepreneur",
"paragraph_text": "The biographical book, The ultimate entrepreneur: the story of Ken Olsen and Digital Equipment Corporation, chronicles the experiences of Ken Olsen racing to design minicomputers at the company of his own founding, Digital Equipment Corporation. At the time the book was published by two computer journal writers, Ken Olsen was competing with other Massachusetts computing companies such as Data General (founded by his former employee), Prime Computer, Wang Laboratories, Symbolics, Lotus Development Corporation, and Apollo Computer. While believing in the value of software, he did not believe in the value of software separate from hardware, and missed the opportunity to fund Lotus 1-2-3 or Visicalc. He also missed the importance of the personal computer, but his futuristic vision of the Client–server model helped to launch Ethernet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Adventures of Superman (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "George Reeves played Clark Kent / Superman, with Jack Larson as Jimmy Olsen, John Hamilton as Perry White, and Robert Shayne as Inspector Henderson. Phyllis Coates played Lois Lane in the first season, with Noel Neill stepping into the role in the second (1953) and later seasons. Superman battles crooks, gangsters, and other villains in the fictional city of Metropolis while masquerading ``off - duty ''as Daily Planet reporter Clark Kent. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, Clark's colleagues at the office, often find themselves in dangerous situations which can only be resolved with Superman's timely intervention.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Olsen Gang Sees Red",
"paragraph_text": "The Olsen Gang Sees Red () is a 1976 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. The film was the eighth in the Olsen Gang-series, and was selected as the Danish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America",
"paragraph_text": "Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America by Klaus Malling Olsen and Hans Larsson is a volume in the \"Helm Identification Guides\" series of bird identification books.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Michelle Tanner",
"paragraph_text": "Michelle Elizabeth Tanner is a fictional character on the long - running ABC sitcom Full House, who was portrayed by Mary - Kate and Ashley Olsen. She first appeared in the show's pilot, ``Our Very First Show '', which aired in 1987, and continued to appear throughout up to the two - part series finale,`` Michelle Rides Again'' in 1995. The character of Michelle was the Olsen twins' first acting role; the two were infants when they started working on the series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Aaron Ashmore",
"paragraph_text": "Aaron Richard Ashmore (born October 7, 1979) is a Canadian film and television actor. He is known for his roles on American television series, such as Jimmy Olsen on \"Smallville\" and Steve Jinks on \"Warehouse 13\". He plays Johnny Jaqobis on the Canadian television series \"Killjoys\". He is the identical twin brother of actor Shawn Ashmore.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Jimmy Novak",
"paragraph_text": "Jimmy Novak is an American radio personality. He is the co-host of the \"Jimmy and Lisa Morning Show\" on 102.3 XLC in Lake County. Prior to his XLC gig he was the afternoon host at 95 WIIL ROCK in the Chicago radio market. Novak started his career in radio at AM1220 WKRS in Waukegan, Illinois as a board-op for a local game show. He worked at \"The Blaze\" and \"The Loop\" in Chicago prior to joining 95 WIIL Rock.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Olsen Gang's Big Score",
"paragraph_text": "The Olsen Gang's Big Score () is a 1972 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. The film was the fourth in the \"Olsen-banden\"-series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "8 Mile (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Stephanie receives a notice evicting her and the family as she can not pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good. Jimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the ``Leaders of the Free World. ''At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who wrote the show that Jimmy Olsen works for? | [
{
"id": 669456,
"question": "Jimmy Olsen >> present in work",
"answer": "Smallville",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 108549,
"question": "Who is #1 by?",
"answer": "Alfred Gough",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Alfred Gough | [
"Miles Millar"
] | true | Who wrote the show that Jimmy Olsen works for? |
3hop2__31398_2130_2232 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Brantford Galaxy",
"paragraph_text": "Brantford Galaxy Soccer Club is a semi-professional Canadian soccer club based in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, with their home venue located in Hamilton, Ontario at the Heritage Field Turf. The club competes in the Canadian Soccer League, a league not sanctioned by a FIFA-recognized body. The Galaxy were formed in 2010 as an expansion franchise. In their first season Brantford recorded a milestone by becoming the first expansion franchise in CSL history to claim a CSL Championship in their debut season. After their championship season the club faced several problems ranging from change of ownership, to philosophical differences within team management, and to a lack of commitment from feeder clubs resulting in the team missing the postseason in two straight years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Colorado Rapids",
"paragraph_text": "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City, Colorado. The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mississauga Eagles FC",
"paragraph_text": "Mississauga Eagles FC were a Canadian professional soccer team founded in 2010 that played in the Canadian Soccer League for two seasons. The Eagles were owned and operated by the Erin Mills Soccer Club and played at the Mississauga Hershey Field in the city of Mississauga, Ontario. In 2013, Erin Mills SC withdrew their franchise from the league after the CSA no longer decided to sanction the CSL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Greer Barnes (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "Greer Barnes (born November 5, 1987 in Rye, New York) is an American soccer defender who last played for FC Gold Pride of Women's Professional Soccer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "StoryCorps",
"paragraph_text": "StoryCorps is an American non-profit organization whose mission is to record, preserve, and share the stories of Americans from all backgrounds and beliefs. StoryCorps grew out of Sound Portraits Productions as a project founded in 2003 by radio producer David Isay. Its headquarters are located in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "North York Rockets",
"paragraph_text": "The North York Rockets was a professional soccer team that competed in the original Canadian Soccer League during its existence from 1987 to 1992. Upon the demise of the CSL, the Rockets joined the National Soccer League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "San Diego Gauchos",
"paragraph_text": "San Diego Gauchos were an American soccer team, founded in 2002. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team was sold to new owners, and the franchise was disbanded.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "New Haven, Connecticut",
"paragraph_text": "New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, New Haven consistently had minor league hockey and baseball teams, which played at the New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002), and Yale Field (1928–present).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Troy Dusosky",
"paragraph_text": "Troy Dusosky (born May 12, 1976 in Anoka, Minnesota) is a retired American soccer defender who played for the Milwaukee Wave of the Major Indoor Soccer League. Over his career, he has played primarily indoor soccer with a handful of seasons in the USL A-League. He also briefly worked as a professional wrestler.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Brooklyn Hakoah",
"paragraph_text": "Brooklyn Hakoah is a former United States soccer team club based in Brooklyn, New York, that played in the American Soccer League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chicago Power",
"paragraph_text": "The Chicago Power were an indoor soccer club based in Chicago, Illinois that competed in the American Indoor Soccer Association and National Professional Soccer League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium. The New York Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey. Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pelé, one of the world's most famous soccer players. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division North American Soccer League in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cincinnati Silverbacks",
"paragraph_text": "The Cincinnati Silverbacks was an indoor soccer club based in Cincinnati, Ohio that competed in the National Professional Soccer League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hamilton Tigers",
"paragraph_text": "The Hamilton Tigers were a professional ice hockey team based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. They competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1920 to 1925. The Tigers were formed by the sale of the Quebec Bulldogs NHL franchise to Hamilton interests. After years of struggling, the franchise finished first in the league in the 1924–25 NHL season, but a players' strike before the playoffs resulted in the franchise's dissolution. The players' contracts were sold to New York City interests to stock the expansion New York Americans. A namesake amateur team existed prior to and during the NHL team's existence, and a minor league professional team named the Hamilton Tigers existed from 1926 to 1930.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the New York Mets of the National League. In the 1901 season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise (which had ceased operations) and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in 1913.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation, often considered the quintessential testament to the scene. The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Steve Petuskey",
"paragraph_text": "Steve Petuskey is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in the American Professional Soccer League and Continental Indoor Soccer League. He is widely considered to be the finest soccer player of his era from the Sacramento area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "New England Revolution",
"paragraph_text": "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer (MLS), in the Eastern Conference of the league. It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS, having competed in the league since its inaugural season.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What franchise of the pro soccer organization headquartered in New York, is based in the city that produced the album considered the true portrait of the No Wave movement? | [
{
"id": 31398,
"question": "What was considered the true portrait of the no wave movement?",
"answer": "No New York",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 2130,
"question": "What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York?",
"answer": "Major League Soccer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 2232,
"question": "What #2 franchise is based in #1 ?",
"answer": "New York City FC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | New York City FC | [] | true | What franchise of the pro soccer organization headquartered in New York, is based in the city that produced the album considered the true portrait of the No Wave movement? |
2hop__16267_25719 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years, noting that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; by the end of XVI century, the: 'Treaty on the redemption of captives', by Gracian of the God's Mother, Mercy Priest, who was imprisoned by Turks, cites a Tunisian Hebrew, made captive when arriving to Gaeta, who aided others with money, named: 'Simon Escanasi', in the mid-17th century, \"Sephardim still outnumbered Ashkenazim three to two\", but by the end of the 18th century, \"Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim three to two, the result of improved living conditions in Christian Europe versus the Ottoman Muslim world.\" By 1931, Ashkenazi Jews accounted for nearly 92% of world Jewry. These factors are sheer demography showing the migration patterns of Jews from Southern and Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Alsace",
"paragraph_text": "As in much of Europe, the prosperity of Alsace came to an end in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death. These hardships were blamed on Jews, leading to the pogroms of 1336 and 1339. In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacre of thousands of Jews during the Strasbourg pogrom. Jews were subsequently forbidden to settle in the town. An additional natural disaster was the Rhine rift earthquake of 1356, one of Europe's worst which made ruins of Basel. Prosperity returned to Alsace under Habsburg administration during the Renaissance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Throughout history, many rulers, empires and nations have oppressed their Jewish populations or sought to eliminate them entirely. Methods employed ranged from expulsion to outright genocide; within nations, often the threat of these extreme methods was sufficient to silence dissent. The history of antisemitism includes the First Crusade which resulted in the massacre of Jews; the Spanish Inquisition (led by Tomás de Torquemada) and the Portuguese Inquisition, with their persecution and autos-da-fé against the New Christians and Marrano Jews; the Bohdan Chmielnicki Cossack massacres in Ukraine; the Pogroms backed by the Russian Tsars; as well as expulsions from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Germany, and other countries in which the Jews had settled. According to a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, indicating that the number of conversos may have been much higher than originally thought.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Albert Einstein",
"paragraph_text": "The Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "In 2013, however, a study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA by a team led by Martin B. Richards of the University of Huddersfield in England reached different conclusions, again corroborating the pre-2006 origin hypothesis. Testing was performed on the full 16,600 DNA units composing mitochondrial DNA (the 2006 Behar study had only tested 1,000 units) in all their subjects, and the study found that the four main female Ashkenazi founders had descent lines that were established in Europe 10,000 to 20,000 years in the past while most of the remaining minor founders also have a deep European ancestry. The study states that the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Near East (i.e., they were non-Israelite), nor were they recruited in the Caucasus (i.e., they were non-Khazar), but instead they were assimilated within Europe, primarily of Italian and Old French origins. Richards summarized the findings on the female line as such: \"[N]one [of the mtDNA] came from the North Caucasus, located along the border between Europe and Asia between the Black and Caspian seas. All of our presently available studies including my own, should thoroughly debunk one of the most questionable, but still tenacious, hypotheses: that most Ashkenazi Jews can trace their roots to the mysterious Khazar Kingdom that flourished during the ninth century in the region between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire.\" The 2013 study estimated that 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, and only 8 percent from the Near East, while the origin of the remainder is undetermined. According to the study these findings \"point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any profession, they have a record of high occupational achievement, entering professions and fields of commerce where higher education is required. Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards. While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means \"Jewishness\" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men and women. From the Rhineland to Riga to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, and spoke Yiddish in their secular lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now encompasses not just Orthodoxy and Hasidism, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and somehow retained a sense of Jewishness. Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Broadly speaking, a Jew is one who associates culturally with Jews, supports Jewish institutions, reads Jewish books and periodicals, attends Jewish movies and theater, travels to Israel, visits historical synagogues, and so forth. It is a definition that applies to Jewish culture in general, and to Ashkenazi Yiddishkeit in particular.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Galicia (Spain)",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed \"a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups\". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the \"northern\" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the \"southern\" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the \"southern\" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were \"consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Novorossiya Governorate",
"paragraph_text": "New Russia Governorate, or Novorossiya Governorate (; translit.: \"Novorossiyskaya guberniya\"), was a governorate of the Russian Empire in the previously Ottoman and Cossack territories, that existed from 1764 until the 1783 administrative reform. It was created and governed according to the \"Plan for the Colonization of New Russia Gubernia\" issued by the Russian Senate. It became the first region in Russia where Catherine the Great allowed foreign Jews to settle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Although the Israelites were divided into Twelve Tribes, the Jews (being one offshoot of the Israelites, another being the Samaritans) are traditionally said to descend mostly from the Israelite tribes of Judah (from where the Jews derive their ethnonym) and Benjamin, and partially from the tribe of Levi, who had together formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and the remnants of the northern Kingdom of Israel who migrated to the Kingdom of Judah and assimilated after the 720s BCE, when the Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times. Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege. Jews were required to pay a poll tax until the reign of Emperor Julian in 363. In the late Roman Empire, Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations. But, after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380, Jews were increasingly marginalized.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | At the end of which year did the tribes in the area where the Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled there invade the roman empire? | [
{
"id": 16267,
"question": "In an ethnic sense, Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled where?",
"answer": "Central Europe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 25719,
"question": "At the end of which year did #1 tribes invade the Roman Empire?",
"answer": "406",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | 406 | [] | true | At the end of which year did the tribes in the area where the Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled there invade the roman empire? |
2hop__44590_510545 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Iron Man",
"paragraph_text": "After issue # 99 (March 1968), the Tales of Suspense series was renamed Captain America. An Iron Man story appeared in the one - shot comic Iron Man and Sub-Mariner (April 1968), before the ``Golden Avenger ''made his solo debut with The Invincible Iron Man # 1 (May 1968). The series' indicia gives its copyright title Iron Man, while the trademarked cover logo of most issues is The Invincible Iron Man. Artist George Tuska began a decade long association with the character with Iron Man # 5 (Sept. 1968). Writer Mike Friedrich and artist Jim Starlin's brief collaboration on the Iron Man series introduced Mentor, Starfox, and Thanos in issue # 55 (Feb. 1973). Friedrich scripted a metafictional story in which Iron Man visited the San Diego Comic Convention and met several Marvel Comics writers and artists. He then wrote the multi-issue`` War of the Super-Villains'' storyline which ran through 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Peary Rader",
"paragraph_text": "Peary Rader (1909–1991) was an American early bodybuilder, Olympic lifter, writer, and magazine publisher from Nebraska. He was the founding publisher of \"Iron Man\" from 1936 to 1986.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Iron Man 2",
"paragraph_text": "The director, Jon Favreau, reprises his role as Happy Hogan, Tony Stark's bodyguard and chauffeur, while Clark Gregg and Leslie Bibb reprise their roles as S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Phil Coulson and reporter Christine Everhart, respectively. John Slattery appears as Tony's father Howard Stark and Garry Shandling appears as United States Senator Stern, who wants Stark to give Iron Man's armor to the government. Favreau stated that Shandling's character was named after radio personality Howard Stern. Paul Bettany again voices Stark's computer, J.A.R.V.I.S. Olivia Munn has a small role as Chess Roberts, a reporter covering the Stark expo, Kate Mara portrays a U.S. Marshal who summons Tony to the government hearing, and Stan Lee appears as himself (but is mistaken for Larry King).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "James Avery",
"paragraph_text": "James LaRue Avery (November 27, 1945 -- December 31, 2013) was an American actor, comedian, voice over artist and poet. He played patriarch Philip Banks in the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air (1990 − 96). This character was ranked # 34 in TV Guide's ``50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time. ''He also provided the voice of Shredder in the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles television series, as well as War Machine in the animated series Iron Man (1994 − 95) and Junkyard Dog in Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling (1985). He also played Michael Kelso's commanding officer at the police academy late in the series run of That '70s Show (2004).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Stéphanie Szostak",
"paragraph_text": "Stéphanie Szostak (born June 12, 1975) is a French actress who started her career in the early 2000s. Szostak is best known for having appeared in the films The Devil Wears Prada, Dinner for Schmucks, Iron Man 3, and R.I.P.D. Szostak starred in the USA Network original drama series Satisfaction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Iron Giant",
"paragraph_text": "The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science fiction film produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation and directed by Brad Bird in his directorial debut, who would later script and direct the Pixar film \"The Incredibles\" (2004). It is based on the 1968 novel \"The Iron Man\" by Ted Hughes (which was published in the United States as \"The Iron Giant\") and was scripted by Tim McCanlies from a story treatment by Bird. The film stars the voices of Vin Diesel (voicing the titular character), Eli Marienthal, Jennifer Aniston, Harry Connick Jr., Christopher McDonald and John Mahoney. Set during the Cold War in 1957, the film is about a young boy named Hogarth Hughes, who discovers and befriends a gigantic metallic robot who fell from outer space. With the help of a beatnik artist named Dean McCoppin, Hogarth attempts to prevent the U.S. military and Kent Mansley, a paranoid federal agent, from finding and destroying the Giant.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Adrian Jarvis",
"paragraph_text": "Adrian Jarvis (born 12 December 1983) is an English rugby union footballer who played as fly half for Bristol in the RFU Championship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Iron Maiden",
"paragraph_text": "Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler. Harris attributes the band's name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, the title of which reminded him of the iron maiden torture device. After months of rehearsal, Iron Maiden made their debut at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976, before taking up a semi-residency at the Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland Point, Stratford.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Scar (The Lion King)",
"paragraph_text": "Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film The Lion King (1994) as the main antagonist. The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, and has a non speaking role in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Scar (The Lion King)",
"paragraph_text": "Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 32nd animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in both of which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Iron Man",
"paragraph_text": "After issue # 99 (March 1968), the Tales of Suspense series was renamed Captain America. An Iron Man story appeared in the one - shot comic Iron Man and Sub-Mariner (April 1968), before the ``Golden Avenger ''made his solo debut with Iron Man # 1 (May 1968). The series' indicia gives its copyright title Iron Man, while the trademarked cover logo of most issues is The Invincible Iron Man. Artist George Tuska began a decade long association with the character with Iron Man # 5 (Sept. 1968). Writer Mike Friedrich and artist Jim Starlin's brief collaboration on the Iron Man series introduced Mentor, Starfox, and Thanos in issue # 55 (Feb. 1973). Friedrich scripted a metafictional story in which Iron Man visited the San Diego Comic Convention and met several Marvel Comics writers and artists. He then wrote the multi-issue`` War of the Super-Villains'' storyline which ran through 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)",
"paragraph_text": "A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_text": "Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and Captain America: Civil War (2016). He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Scar (The Lion King)",
"paragraph_text": "Scar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film The Lion King (1994). The character is voiced by Jeremy Irons while his singing voice is provided by both Irons and Jim Cummings, the latter of whom was hired to replace Irons when the former damaged his singing voice. Subsequently, Scar makes minor appearances in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 11⁄2 (2004), in which he is voiced entirely by Cummings, and has a non speaking role in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as appearing in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, in which the role of Scar was originated by John Vickery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Teela",
"paragraph_text": "Teela Masters of the Universe character Teela as she appears in the 1980s version of He - Man and the Masters of the Universe. Created by Mattel Portrayed by Chelsea Field (1987) Voiced by Linda Gary (1983 -- 1985) Cathy Weseluck (1990) Lisa Ann Beley (2002 -- 2004) Information Species Eternian (as Teela) Goddess (as the Sorceress of Castle Grayskull) Gender Female Occupation Captain of the Royal Guard Title Warrior Goddess Spouse (s) He - Man Children Dare (son) Relatives Sorceress of Castle Grayskull (mother) Man - At - Arms (foster - father) Nationality Eternian",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Barry Wesson",
"paragraph_text": "Barry Jarvis Wesson (born April 6, 1977 in Tupelo, Mississippi) is an American former right-handed outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Houston Astros and Anaheim Angels.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Zach McGowan",
"paragraph_text": "Zachary Brendan McGowan (born May 5, 1980) is an American film and television actor and voice - over artist. He is known for his roles in television series Shameless as Jody, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Anton Ivanov / The Superior, Black Sails as Charles Vane, and The 100 as Roan. Other highlights include parts in the films Terminator Salvation, The Hunt for Eagle One, and the sequel The Hunt for Eagle One: Crash Point. He guest - starred in the television series Numbers, CSI: Miami, and Cold Case, with voice - over work for the Scream Awards, Animal Planet and the video games Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, and Iron Man.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Puppy Dog Pals",
"paragraph_text": "Frank Exposition (voiced by Leslie David Baker) is a man who is usually seen vacationing with his wife during Bingo and Rolly's missions. In ``A Pyramid Scheme ''he gets tangled in ribbons, which leads to Bingo and Rolly mistaking him for a mummy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Curious George (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "The Man with the Yellow Hat (voiced by Jeff Bennett): The man who first befriended George and also acts as his primary teacher and mentor. He does not wear his hat at home but wears it when going in public. the Man often has bad luck and makes mistakes (such as constantly losing his hat, being in the wrong place at the wrong time, tasting something terrible with a sour reaction, etc.). He is also absent - minded, and a bit awkward.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Curious George (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Curious George is an American animated children's television series based on the children's book series of the same name which features Jeff Bennett as the voice of The Man with the Yellow Hat. Frank Welker, who voiced George in the 2006 feature film, returns here as the voice of Curious George. As of April 2017, reruns of the show are still broadcasting on PBS Kids. The show premiered on September 4, 2006, and ended on April 1, 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the spouse of the person who voices Jarvis in Iron Man? | [
{
"id": 44590,
"question": "who's voice is jarvis in iron man",
"answer": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 510545,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Jennifer Connelly",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Jennifer Connelly | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the person who voices Jarvis in Iron Man? |
3hop1__506062_792411_51423 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": "Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mearns Castle",
"paragraph_text": "Mearns Castle is a 15th-century tower house in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, to the south of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a Category A listed building. The castle has been restored and is now part of the Maxwell Mearns Castle Church. It also gives its name to nearby Mearns Castle High School.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Gavin Bradley",
"paragraph_text": "Gavin Bradley is an award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature \"warm\" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations . Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Castle in the Sky",
"paragraph_text": ", known as Laputa: Castle in the Sky in Europe and Australia, is a 1986 Japanese animated steampunk fantasy-adventure film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki. It was the very first film animated by Studio Ghibli and was animated for Tokuma Shoten. It follows the adventures of a young boy and girl attempting to keep a magic crystal from a group of military agents, while searching for a legendary floating castle. The film was distributed by Toei Kabushiki Kaisha.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo",
"paragraph_text": "The first public military tattoo in Edinburgh was entitled ``Something About a Soldier ''and took place at the Ross Bandstand, Princes Street Gardens, in 1949. The first official Edinburgh Military Tattoo was held in 1950 with eight items in the programme. It drew some 6,000 spectators seated in simple bench and scaffold structures around the north, south, and east sides of the Edinburgh Castle esplanade. In 1952, the capacity of the stands was increased to accommodate a nightly audience of 7,700, allowing 160,000 to watch the multiple live performances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Oliver Twist (character)",
"paragraph_text": "Based in the 1820s, the orphan, young Oliver is born in a parish workhouse in an unnamed town. His unmarried mother dies during labour. Old Sally, who was present at the birth, takes from the dying woman a locket and ring. Mr Bumble, the Beadle, names the boy Oliver Twist. Oliver is sent to an orphanage, run by Mrs. Mann, until he is nine years old, when he is returned to the workhouse.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jesse Bennett",
"paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "When I Was a Boy",
"paragraph_text": "When I Was a Boy is a 1993 album by Jane Siberry. Internationally, it is her most famous album. In Siberry's native Canada, however, the album was commercially successful but not as big a hit as her 1985 album \"The Speckless Sky\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "New Castle Northwest, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "New Castle Northwest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,413 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of places in North Ayrshire",
"paragraph_text": "This List of places in North Ayrshire is a list of links for any town, village, hamlet, castle, golf course, historic house, nature reserve, reservoir, river, and other place of interest in the North Ayrshire council area of Scotland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Haoui Montaug",
"paragraph_text": "Haoui Montaug (1952 – June 7, 1991) was a doorman of the New York City nightclubs Hurrah, Danceteria, Studio 54 and the Palladium. Montaug also ran a roving cabaret revue called \"No Entiendes\" (\"You Don't Understand\") (originally named \"I Dunno\"), which showcased a young Madonna and early performances by the Beastie Boys.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Wayne Rooney",
"paragraph_text": "Wayne Rooney Rooney with Manchester United in 2016 Full name Wayne Mark Rooney Date of birth (1985 - 10 - 24) 24 October 1985 (age 33) Place of birth Croxteth, Liverpool, England Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Playing position Forward Attacking midfielder Club information Current team D.C. United Number 9 Youth career Liverpool Schoolboys Copplehouse Boys 1996 -- 2002 Everton Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2002 -- 2004 Everton 67 (15) 2004 -- 2017 Manchester United 393 (183) 2017 -- 2018 Everton 31 (10) 2018 -- D.C. United 20 (12) National team 2000 -- 2001 England U15 (2) 2001 -- 2002 England U17 12 (7) 2002 -- 2003 England U19 (0) 2003 -- 2016 England 119 (53) * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 12: 22, 30 October 2018 (UTC)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Glasgow, Delaware",
"paragraph_text": "Glasgow is a census-designated place (CDP) in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The population was 14,303 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Beastie Boys",
"paragraph_text": "On November 13, 1982, the Beastie Boys played Philip Pucci's birthday for the purposes of his short concert film of the Beastie Boys, \"Beastie\". Pucci held the concert in Bard College's Preston Drama Dance Department Theatre. This performance marked the Beastie Boys' first on screen appearance in a published motion picture. Pucci's concept for \"Beastie\" was to distribute a mixture of both a half dozen 16 mm Bell & Howell Filmo cameras, and 16 mm Bolex cameras to audience members and ask that they capture the Beastie Boys performance from the audience's own point of view while a master sync sound camera filmed from the balcony of the abandoned theater where the performance was held. The opening band for that performance was The Young and the Useless, which featured Adam Horovitz as the lead singer. A one-minute clip of \"Beastie\" was subsequently excerpted and licensed by the Beastie Boys for use in the \"Egg Raid on Mojo\" segment of the \"Skills to Pay the Bills\" long-form home video released by Capitol Records. \"Skills to Pay the Bills\" later went on to be certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Brookside, Delaware",
"paragraph_text": "Brookside is a census-designated place (CDP) in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The population was 14,353 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Through the Eyes of Love",
"paragraph_text": "``Through the Eyes of Love (Theme from Ice Castles) ''(sometimes incorrectly referred to as`` Looking Through the Eyes of Love''), is an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award - nominated ballad performed by American singer Melissa Manchester, from the soundtrack of the 1978 film Ice Castles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Edelweiss (song)",
"paragraph_text": "A performance by Jeanette Olsson is used as the opening sequence music for the Amazon Original Series The Man in the High Castle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Viborg and Nyslott County",
"paragraph_text": "Viborg and Nyslott County (, ) was a county of the Swedish Empire from 1634 to 1721. The county was named after the castle towns of Viborg () and Nyslott (, literally \"New Castle\"), today located in the towns of Vyborg in Russia and Savonlinna in Finland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mary's Boy Child",
"paragraph_text": "\"Mary's Boy Child\" is a 1956 Christmas song, written by Jester Hairston. It is widely performed as a Christmas carol.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the name of the castle in the place of birth of the performer of When I Was a Boy? | [
{
"id": 506062,
"question": "When I Was a Boy >> performer",
"answer": "Jane Siberry",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 792411,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the place of birth of the performer of When I Was a Boy? |
4hop3__323121_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Phu Kradueng",
"paragraph_text": "Phu Kradueng (), is a 1316 m high mountain in Loei Province, Thailand. It is in Phu Kradueng District, giving its name to the district. Its west side borders Nam Nao District of Phetchabun Province. This mountain is part of the Phetchabun Mountains, a massif forming a natural boundary between North Thailand and Isan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district - wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Koszta Affair",
"paragraph_text": "The Koszta Affair (1853) was the name applied to a diplomatic episode between the United States and the Austrian Empire involving the rights in foreign countries of new Americans who were not yet fully naturalized.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "A Magne",
"paragraph_text": "A Magne is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Sa Mouay District in Saravane Province.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": "More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Communications in Somalia",
"paragraph_text": "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Patani United Liberation Organisation",
"paragraph_text": "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic. The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mint (facility)",
"paragraph_text": "At about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in China and spread to Korea and Japan. The manufacture of coins in the Roman Empire, dating from about the 4th century BC, significantly influenced later development of coin minting in Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Malaysia",
"paragraph_text": "Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and A Magne's country? | [
{
"id": 323121,
"question": "A Magne >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and A Magne's country? |
2hop__88834_356793 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Andraes Norford",
"paragraph_text": "Andraes Norford (born 2 September 1991) in the British Virgin Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for British Virgin Islands Championship club Virgin Gorda Ballstars and the British Virgin Islands national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Return Point",
"paragraph_text": "Return Point is a rocky slope forming the south-west extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. It lies 2 km west-north-west of Cheal Point.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Return to Nim's Island",
"paragraph_text": "Bindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe Matthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe Toby Wallace as Edmund John Waters as Booker BJ and Friday as Selkie Pumpkin as Fred Nathan Derrick as Felix Jack Pearson as Ben Sebastian Gregory as Frankie",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jane Bowles",
"paragraph_text": "Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917 to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She developed tuberculous arthritis of the knee as a teenager, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. At this point in her life, she developed a passion for literature coupled with insecurities. As a teenager she returned to New York, where she gravitated to the intellectual bohemia of Greenwich Village.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Shin Kyeong-nim",
"paragraph_text": "Shin Kyeong-nim was born on April 6, 1936 in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. When he was young, Shin Kyong-rim frequented the people of Korea's rural villages and collected the traditional songs they sang. Much of his poetry represents a modernization of things he heard then Shin Kyeong-nim graduated in English Literature from Dongguk University, from which time he strove to become a creative writer. In 1955 and 1956, he made his formal literary debut with the publication of poems \"Day Moon\" (Natdal), \"Reeds\" (Galdae) and \"Statue of Stone\" (Seoksang). He taught elementary school in his hometown for a period of time, before moving to Seoul to work as an editor for Hyundae munhak and Donghwa Publishers. But his strong desire to create poetry continued.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "A Child from the South",
"paragraph_text": "A Child From the South was a 1991 television movie about a Nadia (played by Josette Simon), a young journalist, in political exile from South Africa since her father's assassination twenty years earlier and her return to cover a United Nations conference.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Junior Puroku",
"paragraph_text": "Junior Puroku (born 26 January 1981) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Tupapa Maraerenga in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Australian Survivor (season 5)",
"paragraph_text": "The program was filmed on the Fijian island of Savusavu and will feature Australian castaways competing for a grand prize of A $500,000. Jonathan LaPaglia returned to host the series for his third season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Oliver Barnes",
"paragraph_text": "Oliver Barnes (also Napier) is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by David Hoflin. He made his on-screen debut on 30 January 2007. Oliver is the oldest son of Rebecca Napier and the brother of Declan Napier. Some of Oliver's biggest storylines included discovering that he was adopted, finding his birth parents and becoming a father to Chloe Cammeniti. Oliver departed the show on 8 August 2008. Hoflin and his co-star Natalie Blair agreed to return to \"Neighbours\" for two episodes and they filmed their scenes in the last two weeks of production in 2010. They both returned in March 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Nigerian Institute of Management",
"paragraph_text": "The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM) is a non-profit institution that defines the required skills and standards for professional managers, and offers courses leading to diplomas in Management.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Green Berets (film)",
"paragraph_text": "During this period, Petersen befriends a young native boy named Ham Chuck (Craig Jue), a war orphan who has no family other than his pet dog and the soldiers at the base camp. Also introduced is the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base camp strike force leader, Captain Nim (George Takei), who was a Việt Minh officer from Hanoi during the previous war of liberation from the French colonists, and is now fighting for the anti-communist Republic of Vietnam / South Vietnamese government. He is obsessed with having to ``kill all the stinking Viet Cong ''to win this war. He also claims that there is a spy network within the camp and ARVN strike force.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Leonhard Seppala",
"paragraph_text": "Leonhard Seppala was born in the village of Skibotn in Storfjord municipality, Troms county, Norway. He was the oldest-born child of father Isak Isaksson Seppälä (of Swedish descent) and Anne Henriksdatter (of Finnish Norwegian Kven descent). His father's family name is of Finnish origin. When Seppala was two years old, his family moved within Troms county to nearby Skjervøy municipality on the island of Skjervøya. While in Skjervøy, his father worked as a blacksmith and fisherman, building up a relatively large estate. Seppala initially followed in his father's footsteps as both a blacksmith and a fisherman. However, he emigrated to Alaska during the Nome gold rush of the 1900s. His friend Jafet Lindeberg had returned from Alaska and convinced Seppala to come to work for his mining company in Nome.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mamma Mia! (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men do not want paternity confirmed, agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cheal Point",
"paragraph_text": "Cheal Point is a rocky headland east-south-east of Return Point, the south-western extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Portland Island (British Columbia)",
"paragraph_text": "Portland Island is an island in the Southern Gulf Islands of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of Moresby Island and off the south tip of Saltspring Island, adjacent to the main BC Ferries route just offshore from the terminal at Swartz Bay at the tip of the Saanich Peninsula. Portland Island was given to Princess Margaret in 1958 to commemorate her visit to the province. Princess Margaret returned the island to British Columbia in 1967, after which point it became a provincial park. Today, Portland Island is a part of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Tuka Tisam",
"paragraph_text": "Tuka Tisam (born 8 July 1986) in the Cook Islands is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He currently plays for Nikao Sokattack F.C. in the Cook Islands Round Cup and the Cook Islands national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "National Incident Management System",
"paragraph_text": "The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a standardized approach to incident management developed by the United States Department of Homeland Security. The program was established in March 2004, in response to Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5, issued by President George W. Bush. It is intended to facilitate coordination between all responders (including all levels of government with public, private, and nongovernmental organizations). The system has been revised once, in December 2008. The core training currently includes two courses: (1) IS - 700 NIMS, which provides a basic introduction to NIMS, and (2) ICS - 100, which includes history, details, and features, along with an introduction to the Incident Command System. Approximately 24 additional courses are available on selected topics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Daddy's Home (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild - mannered step - father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children when their biological father (Mark Wahlberg) returns.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bering Island",
"paragraph_text": "In 1741 Commander Vitus Bering, sailing in \"Svyatoy Pyotr\" (\"St. Peter\") for the Russian Navy, was shipwrecked and died of scurvy on Bering Island, along with 28 of his men. His ship had been destroyed by storms as they returned from an expedition that discovered mainland Alaska as well as the Aleutian Islands. The survivors under the command of the Swedish born lieutenant were stranded on the island for 10 months, and managed to survive by killing seals and birds. They were able to build a boat out of their stranded wreck and managed to return to Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula in 1742 with sea otter furs and preserved meat from the newly discovered island.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter",
"paragraph_text": "My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter is a one-hour television documentary film that is hosted by Bindi Irwin and details her life and growing career and also serves as a memorial for her father, famed naturalist and conservationist Steve Irwin, better known as The Crocodile Hunter who died in 2006. She has inherited his legacy and continues his work.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the father of Nim's actress in Return to Nim's Island? | [
{
"id": 88834,
"question": "who plays nim in return to nim's island",
"answer": "Bindi Irwin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 356793,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Steve Irwin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Steve Irwin | [
"The Crocodile Hunter"
] | true | Who is the father of Nim's actress in Return to Nim's Island? |
4hop1__33012_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mediterranean climate",
"paragraph_text": "A Mediterranean climate / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən / or dry summer climate, is the climate typical of areas in the Mediterranean Basin. The Mediterranean climate is usually characterized by rainy winters and dry, warm to hot summers. While the climate receives its name from the Mediterranean Sea, an area where this climate is commonplace, it is also present in other areas of the planet, although with variations in the distribution of temperatures. In addition to the Mediterranean Basin, the climate is also found in most of California in the United States, in extreme southwestern British Columbia in Canada, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, sections of Western and Central Asia, and in Central Chile.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mediterranean Basin",
"paragraph_text": "In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot-Rey, the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto, a grass typical of the Mediterranean climate portion of the Maghreb and Iberia. The northern limit also corresponds to the 100 mm (3.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Mediterranean climate",
"paragraph_text": "A Mediterranean climate / ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən / or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers. While the climate receives its name from the Mediterranean Basin, these are generally located on the western coasts of continents, between roughly 30 and 45 degrees north and south of the equator, typically between oceanic climates towards the poles (where they tend to be wetter), and semi-arid and arid climates towards the equator (where they tend to be drier).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Black Hills Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "The Black Hills Gold Rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States. It began in 1874 following the Custer Expedition and reached a peak in 1876-77.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "GNR Class C1 (small boiler)",
"paragraph_text": "The Great Northern Railway (GNR) Small Boiler Class C1 is a class of steam locomotive, the first 4-4-2 or Atlantic type in Great Britain. They were designed by Henry Ivatt in 1897. In total 22 were built between 1898 and 1903 at Doncaster Works. The class were commonly known as 'Klondykes' , after the 1897 Klondike gold rush. They could reach speeds of up to 90 mph.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "The California Gold Rush (1848 -- 1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to the home state of the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Australian gold rushes",
"paragraph_text": "The first gold rush in Australia began in May 1851 after prospector Edward Hargraves claimed to have discovered payable gold near Orange, at a site he called Ophir. Hargraves had been to the Californian goldfields and had learned new gold prospecting techniques such as panning and cradling. Hargraves was offered rewards by the Colony of New South Wales and the Colony of Victoria. Before the end of the year, the gold rush had spread to many other parts of the state where gold had been found, not just to the west, but also to the south and north of Sydney.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Latvia",
"paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate. The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain. The highest temperature in the continent of Asia (54.0 °C or 129.2 °F) was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Geography of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Atlantic City, Wyoming",
"paragraph_text": "Atlantic City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. The community is a small mining settlement in a gulch near South Pass in southwestern Wyoming. It was founded as a mining camp following the 1867 gold rush in the region. The town declined following the end of the placer gold rush in the early 1870s, but continued to exist as advances in mining technology allowed further extraction of gold. From the 1960s until 1983, it was the location of US Steel iron ore mine. The town is accessible by gravel roads from nearby Wyoming Highway 28.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Canada–United States border",
"paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Southern Europe",
"paragraph_text": "Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Emory Creek Provincial Park",
"paragraph_text": "Emory Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the Fraser River just south of the town of Yale. It commemorates the location of a large boomtown, variously known as Emory, Emory Bar or Emory City, that first rose during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush but became a major construction town during the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "The California Gold Rush (1848 -- 1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory to the home state of the first nominee for the Republican Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": "Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What city shares a border with the place where the person who went to the state known for its Mediterranean climate during the gold rush worked? | [
{
"id": 33012,
"question": "Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What city shares a border with the place where the person who went to the state known for its Mediterranean climate during the gold rush worked? |
4hop3__316459_41402_145922_13584 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Moritz Geiger",
"paragraph_text": "Moritz Geiger (Frankfurt, 26 June 1880 – Seal Harbor, Maine, 9 September 1937) was a German philosopher and a disciple of Edmund Husserl. He was a member of the Munich phenomenological school. Beside phenomenology, he dedicated himself to psychology, epistemology and aesthetics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Real World: Cancun",
"paragraph_text": "The Real World: Cancun is the twenty-second season of MTV's reality television series \"The Real World\", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of \"The Real World\" to be filmed in Mexico.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "El Clásico",
"paragraph_text": "El Clásico Team kits -- Real Madrid in white, Barcelona in blue and red Locale Spain Teams Barcelona Real Madrid Latest meeting Barcelona 5 -- 1 Real Madrid La Liga (28 October 2018) Next meeting Real Madrid v. Barcelona La Liga (3 March 2019) Stadiums Camp Nou (Barcelona) Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid) Statistics Meetings total Competitive matches: 238 Exhibition matches: 34 Total matches: 272 Most wins Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95) Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20) Total matches: Barcelona (113) Most player appearances Manolo Sanchís (43) Top scorer Lionel Messi (26) Largest victory Real Madrid 11 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey (19 June 1943)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals",
"paragraph_text": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals European Cup / Champions League trophy Founded 1955 Region Europe (UEFA) Number of teams 32 (group stage) 2 (finalists) Current champions Real Madrid (12th title) Most successful club (s) Real Madrid (12 titles) 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jacksonville, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Spain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, and the British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford or Cowford; these names ostensibly reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there. The British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. As a result, the northeastern Florida area prospered economically more than it had under the Spanish. Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and the settlement at the Cow Ford continued to grow. After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, American settlers on the north side of the Cow Ford decided to plan a town, laying out the streets and plats. They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "List of Spanish football champions",
"paragraph_text": "Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Carlos Barral",
"paragraph_text": "Carlos Barral was born in Barcelona, Spain. In 1957, he joined Víctor Seix in the management of the publishing house Seix Barral, which had been founded by his parents in 1911, and which became the most prestigious publishing house in the 1960s and thereafter.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Charles Edmund Nugent",
"paragraph_text": "Nugent served in the naval brigade in the invasions of Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Guadaloupe during the French Revolutionary Wars and, when William Cornwallis assumed command of the blockade of Brest, Nugent was selected to serve as his Captain of the Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. He never commanded any fleet or naval station but did rise to the highest rank in the Navy.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Juanan",
"paragraph_text": "After his contract with the Galicians ended, Juanan joined another side in the third level, Real Madrid Castilla, appearing in 29 games (all starts) in his second year as the Real Madrid reserves fell short in the promotion playoffs. In late June 2011, he moved to Germany and signed for Fortuna Düsseldorf.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Area code 502",
"paragraph_text": "Besides Louisville and Frankfort, other cities within the 502 area code boundary include Georgetown, Shelbyville, and Bardstown. Georgetown is a long - distance call to other cities in the 502 area code, but is a free local call to Lexington, which is in the 859 area code.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "El Clásico",
"paragraph_text": "Real Madrid leads the head to head results in competitive matches with 95 wins to Barcelona's 91, while Barcelona leads in total matches with 111 wins to Real Madrid's 99. Along with Athletic Bilbao, they are the only clubs in La Liga to have never been relegated.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Ambrogio Maestri",
"paragraph_text": "Ambrogio Maestri (born 1970) is an Italian operatic baritone. He is especially known for his portrayal of the title character in Giuseppe Verdi's \"Falstaff\". He studied piano and singing in his home town, Pavia. In Italy he has performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, Teatro Regio in Parma, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Teatro Regio in Turin, Teatro Verdi in Trieste and the Arena di Verona. Abroad he has performed at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon, the Royal Opera House in London, the Teatro Real in Madrid, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, San Francisco Opera House, the Konzerthaus and the Staatsoper in Vienna, the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona and others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tallahassee, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Tallahassee / ˌtæləˈhæsi / is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2016, the population was 190,894, making it the 7th - largest city in the U.S state of Florida, and the 126th - largest city in the United States. The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 379,627 as of 2016. Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Panhandle region, and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Province of Toledo",
"paragraph_text": "Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Madrid, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Cáceres, and Ávila. Its capital is the city of Toledo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Portrait of the Infante Don Carlos",
"paragraph_text": "Portrait of the Infante Don Carlos is a 1626/27 oil painting of Don Carlos of Spain (brother to Philip IV of Spain), produced by Diego Velázquez as one of the first paintings he produced during his stay in Madrid. It is now in the Prado.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Capture of Guam",
"paragraph_text": "The Capture of Guam was a bloodless event between the United States and the Kingdom of Spain during the Spanish -- American War. The U.S. Navy sent a single cruiser, the USS Charleston, to capture the island of Guam, then under Spanish control. However, the Spanish garrison on the island had no knowledge of the war and no real defenses. They surrendered without resistance and the island passed into American control. The event was the only conflict of the Spanish -- American War on Guam.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Carlos Asensio Cabanillas",
"paragraph_text": "Carlos Asensio Cabanillas (14 November 1896, Madrid – 1969, Madrid) was a Spanish soldier and statesman who served during the Spanish Civil War, rising in command from Colonel to General in Franco's Army of Africa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Charles Torrey Simpson",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Torrey Simpson (Tiskilwa, Illinois June 3, 1846 – Lemon City, Miami, Florida December 17, 1932) was an American botanist, malacologist, and conservationist. He retired to Florida where he became known for conservation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "La Liga",
"paragraph_text": "A total of 62 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception. Nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 25 times. After Athletic Bilbao claimed several titles in the league's early years, Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through to the 1980s, when Athletic and neighbours Real Sociedad each won the league twice. From the 1990s onwards, Barcelona (15 titles) and Real Madrid (9 titles) were both prominent, though La Liga also saw other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In the 2010s, Atlético Madrid became increasingly strong, forming a trio alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona which occupied the podium places exclusively.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Besides areas of the country gaining control of Florida after the conflict Charles Edmund Nugent participated in, what other differences exist between where Carlos Barral died and Real Madrid? | [
{
"id": 316459,
"question": "Charles Edmund Nugent >> conflict",
"answer": "Revolutionary War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 41402,
"question": "Who gained control of Florida after the conclusion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Spain",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 145922,
"question": "In what city did Carlos Barral die?",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 13584,
"question": "Besides the areas of #2 , what other differences are there between #3 and Real Madrid?",
"answer": "two cities",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | two cities | [] | true | Besides areas of the country gaining control of Florida after the conflict Charles Edmund Nugent participated in, what other differences exist between where Carlos Barral died and Real Madrid? |
2hop__859431_18803 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "IPad (1st generation)",
"paragraph_text": "The device was announced and unveiled on January 27, 2010 at a media conference. On April 3, 2010, the Wi - Fi variant of the device was released in the United States, followed by the release of the Wi - Fi + Cellular variant on April 30. On May 28, it was released in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "General Satellite",
"paragraph_text": "February, 2nd, 2010 – GS Group announced launching of the first 3D-broadcasting in Russia and Eastern Europe. On April 15, for the first time in Russia the live 3D broadcast was performed by the company (Gala concert in the Mariinsky Theatre). European premiere of the satellite channel with three-dimensional image 3DV was held on May 21 in London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "MV Putney Hill",
"paragraph_text": "MV \"Putney Hill\" was a cargo ship completed by William Doxford & Sons Ltd in Sunderland in 1940. She was owned by Putney Hill Steamships Co Ltd and managed by Counties Ship Management Co Ltd of London (CSM), both of which were offshoots of the Rethymnis & Kulukundis shipbroking company. \"Putney Hill\" was a sister ship of , which Doxford built in the same year for another CSM company, Tower Steamships Co Ltd.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Royal Dutch Shell",
"paragraph_text": "On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "BRICS",
"paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Jean-Louis Borloo",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Louis Borloo (; born 7 April 1951 in Paris) is a French politician and was the leader of the Union of Democrats and Independents, and French Minister for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning (Regional Development) between 2007 and 2010. On 6 April 2014, he announced in a letter that he would resign from every mandate or responsibility, due to health reasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Frogger Returns",
"paragraph_text": "On October 27, 2009, Konami announced \"Frogger Returns\" being released on WiiWare and PlayStation Network. A version for the DSiWare was also announced in 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Royal Dutch Shell",
"paragraph_text": "In April 2010, Shell announced its intention to divest from downstream business of all African countries except South Africa and Egypt to Vitol and \"Helios\". In several countries such as Tunisia, protests and strikes broke out. Shell denied rumours of the sellout. Shell continues however upstream activities/extracting crude oil in the oil-rich Niger Delta as well as downstream/commercial activities in South Africa. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. In August 2014, the company disclosed it was in the process of finalizing the sale of its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Working Lunch",
"paragraph_text": "Working Lunch is a television programme broadcast on BBC Two which covers business, personal finance and consumer news, broadcast between 1994 and 2010. The programme was first aired on 19 September 1994. It had a quirky, relaxed style, especially when compared to other BBC business shows such as \"World Business Report\". In April 2010, the BBC announced that the programme was being cancelled at the end of July 2010. \"GMT\" with George Alagiah took its place in the schedule at 12:30 on BBC Two.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Equality Act 2010",
"paragraph_text": "The Parliamentary process was completed following a debate, shortly after 11pm on 6 April 2010, when amendments by the House of Lords were accepted in full.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Total Bellas",
"paragraph_text": "On January 30, 2018, it was announced that a third season would be premiering in spring of 2018. On April 5, 2018, the premiere date for the third season was announced, airing on May 20, 2018.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Robert Galambos",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Carl Galambos (April 20, 1914 – June 18, 2010) was an American neuroscientist whose pioneering research demonstrated how bats use echolocation for navigation purposes, as well as studies on how sound is processed in the brain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "MV Macoma",
"paragraph_text": "MV \"Macoma\" was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is sometimes collectively known as the Rapana Class.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Tanya Branning",
"paragraph_text": "Tanya Lauren Branning (also Cross and Jessop) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Jo Joyner. She made her first appearance on 27 June 2006. She left the show temporarily on 25 December 2009 for maternity leave and returned for one episode on 23 June 2010. She made her full - time return on 27 September 2010. Tanya's storylines have included opening her own salon, giving birth to her third child, divorcing and then burying Max Branning (Jake Wood) alive, marrying Greg Jessop (Stefan Booth), starting an affair with Max, dealing with her cervical cancer and discovering that Max has a secret wife, Kirsty Branning (Kierston Wareing). On 1 May 2012, it was announced Joyner would take another break from the series in 2013, however, on 1 April 2013, it was announced her departure would be indefinite. On 15 May 2013, Joyner filmed her final scenes and departed on 28 June 2013. Tanya returned in February 2015 for two episodes as part of the show's 30th anniversary celebrations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Movie Gallery",
"paragraph_text": "On April 30, 2010, Movie Gallery announced it was closing and liquidating all of its stores per a filing of Chapter 7 bankruptcy. At its peak the firm had about 4,700 stores in North America, operating mainly under the Movie Gallery, Hollywood Video, and Game Crazy brands. The last of the company's stores were closed in August 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Break-up of the Beatles",
"paragraph_text": "The break - up of the Beatles was a cumulative process that developed over the final years of their career, marked by rumours of a split and ambiguous comments by the members themselves regarding the future of the group. In September 1969, John Lennon privately informed his bandmates that he was leaving the group, but there was no public acknowledgement of the break - up until 10 April 1970, when Paul McCartney announced he was leaving the band.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Transavia Denmark",
"paragraph_text": "In September 2010, it was announced that Transavia Denmark will cease operations on 23 April 2011. From 1 November 2010 the current activities were gradually down-scaled until the complete stop on 23 April 2011. The parent of Transavia Denmark, Air France-KLM, had stated that the Danish part of Transavia has not met up to expectations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Helix Producer 1",
"paragraph_text": "Helix Producer 1 is a ship-shaped monohull floating production and offloading vessel, converted from the ferry MV \"Karl Carstens\". It has no storage capability.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Paul Reiser Show",
"paragraph_text": "The Paul Reiser Show is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC. In May 2010, NBC announced that it had approved the series for the 2010–11 television season, with the half-hour comedy expected to premiere as a midseason replacement. The series premiered on April 14, 2011, at 8:30 pm. Due to extremely low ratings, the program was canceled on April 22, 2011, after only two episodes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kosciuszko (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Kosciuszko is the fifth studio album by Australian alternative rock band Jebediah. Recorded between 2010 and 2011, it was released on 15 April 2011 by record label Dew Process; their first release since their hiatus following 2005's \"Anniversary E.P.\"",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In April 2010, what did the company owned by MV Macoma announce it was in the process of doing? | [
{
"id": 859431,
"question": "MV Macoma >> owned by",
"answer": "Shell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 18803,
"question": "#1 announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?",
"answer": "trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland | [
"FIN",
"fi",
"Finland"
] | true | In April 2010, what did the company owned by MV Macoma announce it was in the process of doing? |
4hop1__342858_131850_33952_34053 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Yuma County Library District",
"paragraph_text": "The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Irkutsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Yuma, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "The City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on June 19, 1960, and July 28, 1995, and the record minimum temperature was 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 7, 1913. There are an average of 150.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 26.4 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Average annual precipitation is 11.15 in (283 mm). There is an average of 49 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1905 with 24.17 in (614 mm) and the driest year was 1924 with 5.07 in (129 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 7.56 in (192 mm) in July 1984. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 4.16 in (106 mm) on October 1, 1983. Annual snowfall averages 0.7 in (1.8 cm). The most snow in one year was 7.2 in (18 cm) in 1987. The most snow in one month was 6.0 in (15 cm) in January 1898 and March 1922.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vancouver Community Library",
"paragraph_text": "The Vancouver Community Library is a library in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. Part of the Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, the 83,000-square-foot library is the second largest in the Portland metropolitan area, second to the Central Library in Portland, Oregon. The library's grand opening was held on July 17, 2011. It is a LEED Gold Certified building.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Henichesk Raion",
"paragraph_text": "Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "United States Declaration of Independence",
"paragraph_text": "United States Declaration of Independence 1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June -- July 1776 Ratified July 4, 1776 Location Engrossed copy: National Archives and Records Administration Rough draft: Library of Congress Author (s) Thomas Jefferson et al. Signatories 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Desnianskyi District, Kiev",
"paragraph_text": "Desnianskyi District () is an administrative raion (district or borough) of the city of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River and is the most populous district of Kiev. It is also the second largest district with the total area of ca. 14.8 ha.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Szelment",
"paragraph_text": "Szelment is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. Szelment is located 15 km north of Suwałki. It is also home to a 1000m cable car line, the second-longest in Poland. It is located 6.0 km from the nearest city in Lithuania, Salaperaugis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sokolniki District",
"paragraph_text": "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "J. Erik Jonsson Central Library",
"paragraph_text": "The J. Erik Jonsson Central Library is the Main Library Branch of the Dallas Public Library system. It is located at 1515 Young Street in the Government District of downtown Dallas, Texas, directly across from Dallas City Hall.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Geography of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the \"Furniture District\" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Lorain City School District",
"paragraph_text": "The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Podolsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Podolsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast just south of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Podolsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 82,488 (2010 Census);",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census);",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bülach District",
"paragraph_text": "Bülach District (\"Bezirk Bülach\") is one of 12 districts of the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland, with some 117,000 inhabitants the third largest in the canton. Its administrative capital is Bülach, the largest municipality is Kloten, the location of Zurich Airport. It includes the Rafzerfeld north of the Rhine, with Rafz, Wil, Hüntwangen and Wasterkingen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Central Library (Kansas City, Missouri)",
"paragraph_text": "The Central Library is the main library of the Kansas City Public Library system, which is located in the Library District of Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It is situated at 14 West 10th Street, at the corner of West 10th Street and Baltimore Avenue, across Baltimore Avenue from the Kansas City Club and up from the New York Life Building. It contains the administration of Kansas City's library system.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the wettest year in the second largest city in the state where Yuma's Library District is located? | [
{
"id": 342858,
"question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yuma County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 131850,
"question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 34053,
"question": "What was #3 's wettest year?",
"answer": "1905",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 1905 | [] | true | What was the wettest year in the second largest city in the state where Yuma's Library District is located? |
2hop__846388_19320 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Estadio Pedro Escartín",
"paragraph_text": "Estadio Pedro Escartín is a multi-use stadium in Guadalajara, Spain. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium of CD Guadalajara of the Segunda División. The stadium holds 8,000 spectators and opened in 1967. The stadium is named after Pedro Escartín.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Estadio Azteca",
"paragraph_text": "The Estadio Azteca was designed by architects Pedro Ramírez Vázquez and Rafael Mijares Alcérreca and broke ground in 1961. The inaugural match was between Club América and Torino F.C. on 29 May 1966, with a capacity for 107,494 spectators. The first goal was scored by Brazilian Arlindo Dos Santos and the second one by Brazilian José Alves \"Zague\"; later, the Italians tied the game, which ended in 2–2 draw. Mexican president Gustavo Díaz Ordaz made the initial kick and FIFA president Sir Stanley Rous was the witness.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Severino Reija",
"paragraph_text": "Severino Reija Vázquez (born 25 November 1938 in Lugo, Galicia) is a former footballer from Spain who played as a defender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Honduras Top 50",
"paragraph_text": "The Honduras Top 50 is the official airplay music chart in Honduras. Chart rankings are based on radio play and surveyed through radio stations in San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, La Ceiba, Puerto Cortés, Choluteca and Roaton. The charts are compiled by \"Fuzion\" magazine and published by \"El Tiempo\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras",
"paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "Melbourne universities have campuses all over Australia and some internationally. Swinburne University has campuses in Malaysia, while Monash has a research centre based in Prato, Italy. The University of Melbourne, the second oldest university in Australia, was ranked first among Australian universities in the 2010 THES international rankings. The 2012–2013 Times Higher Education Supplement ranked the University of Melbourne as the 28th (30th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Monash University was ranked as the 99th (60th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Both universities are members of the Group of Eight, a coalition of leading Australian tertiary institutions offering comprehensive and leading education.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Dominican Republic",
"paragraph_text": "Baseball is by far the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic. The country has a baseball league of six teams. Its season usually begins in October and ends in January. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second highest number of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. Ozzie Virgil, Sr. became the first Dominican-born player in the MLB on September 23, 1956. Juan Marichal, Pedro Martínez, and Vladimir Guerrero are the only Dominican-born players in the Baseball Hall of Fame. Other notable baseball players born in the Dominican Republic are José Bautista, Adrián Beltré, George Bell, Robinson Canó, Rico Carty, Bartolo Colón, Nelson Cruz, Edwin Encarnación, Ubaldo Jiménez, Francisco Liriano, David Ortiz, Plácido Polanco, Albert Pujols, Hanley Ramírez, Manny Ramírez, José Reyes, Sammy Sosa, and Miguel Tejada. Felipe Alou has also enjoyed success as a manager and Omar Minaya as a general manager. In 2013, the Dominican team went undefeated en route to winning the World Baseball Classic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Pedro Ramírez Vázquez",
"paragraph_text": "He won several awards including the National Arts Award in 1973, Cemex Award in 2003 and IDSA's Special Award in 1969 for notable results, creative and innovative concepts and long-term benefits to the industrial design profession, its educational functions and society at large. He was minister of public infrastructure and human settlements during president's José López Portillo government. He was founder and rector of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. He was part of the faculty of the UNAM and received various honorary degrees (doctor honoris causa) granted by several universities including the UNAM.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Genaro Vázquez Rojas",
"paragraph_text": "Genaro Vázquez Rojas studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico () (UNAM), however did not finish. At age 24 he co-founded the Guerreran Civic Community (CCG), while teaching at schools in the slums of the Federal District. The following year in 1958 Vázquez Rojas participated in the Revolutionary Teacher's Movement (MRM) during the strike and seizure of the Secretariat of Public Education. Vázquez Rojas would eventually be fired from his teachers position and go on to represent coffee, copra, and palm workers before the Department of Agrarian Affairs and Colonization (DAAC).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Pedro Vázquez",
"paragraph_text": "Pedro Vázquez Rivera (December 16, 1934 – June 23, 2011), served as Puerto Rico's eighth Secretary of State from 1979 to 1981 under Governor Carlos Romero Barceló, Deputy Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico from 1984 to 1988 under Mayor Baltasar Corrada del Rio and Executive Director of the publicly owned Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) from 1977 to 1979. He was an attorney and engineer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Joanna Senyszyn",
"paragraph_text": "Joanna Senyszyn holds the academic rank of Professor ordinarius and holds the chair in market research at the University of Gdańsk, where she also served as the Dean of the Faculty of Business Administration before being elected to the Sejm.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Marcos Ramirez (boxer)",
"paragraph_text": "Marcos Ramírez (born March 31, 1981 in Des Moines, Iowa) is a professional boxer fighting in the Featherweight division. Ramírez is a former WBO NABO and the IBF Latino Featherweight Champion.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pedro Cachín",
"paragraph_text": "Pedro Cachín (; born 12 April 1995 in Córdoba) is an Argentine tennis player. Cachín has a career high ATP singles ranking of 166 achieved on 14 September 2015. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 312 achieved on 30 April 2018. Cachín has had a career high juniors ranking of 8 achieved on 9 December 2013. Cachín made his ATP main draw debut at the 2015 Argentina Open in the doubles event partnering Facundo Argüello.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Efren Ramirez",
"paragraph_text": "Efrain Antonio Ramírez (born October 2, 1973) is an American actor and DJ, best known for playing Pedro Sánchez in the 2004 indie film Napoleon Dynamite. He later reprised his role in the 2012 animated series of the same name.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "David Noel Ramírez Padilla",
"paragraph_text": "David Noel Ramírez Padilla (born January 12, 1950) was the dean of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education university system (ITESM) which has thirty one campuses in various parts of Mexico. Ramirez’s education and career as both an educator and administrator have all been around this university system, culminating to his former position beginning in January 2011. In addition, he has authored eight books, numerous articles, served as keynote speaker at various conferences and advised outside institutions on matters regarding accounting, finance and human development.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pedro Vázquez Viñas",
"paragraph_text": "Pedro Vázquez Viñas (born 19 February 1989 in Vigo, Galicia) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Pontevedra CF as a right winger.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "University of Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "School of Salamanca",
"paragraph_text": "Gabriel Vázquez (1549–1604) held that natural law is not limited to the individual, but obliges societies to act in accord and be treated with justice.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What worldwide ranking does the university that Pedro Ramirez Vasquez attended hold? | [
{
"id": 846388,
"question": "Pedro Ramírez Vázquez >> educated at",
"answer": "UNAM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 19320,
"question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?",
"answer": "74th",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 74th | [] | true | What worldwide ranking does the university that Pedro Ramirez Vasquez attended hold? |
2hop__75714_148696 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": "Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Anna Rajam Malhotra",
"paragraph_text": "Anna Rajam Malhotra (née George; 17 July 1927 -- 17 September 2018) was an Indian Administrative Service officer. She was the first woman in India to hold this position. Malhotra belonged to the 1951 batch of the IAS and married R.N. Malhotra, her batchmate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Governors - General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five - year terms. Governors - General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor - general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor - General of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": "The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Nadeem Iqbal",
"paragraph_text": "Nadeem Iqbal (born 3 April 1983 in Rajouri district, India) is a cross-country skier from India. He competed for India at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the 15 kilometre classical race. Iqbal also became the first athlete from Jammu and Kashmir to qualify for the Winter Olympics. Iqbal finished the race in 85th position (out of 92 competitors) nearly 17 minutes behind the winner Dario Cologna of Switzerland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "All India Trade Union Congress",
"paragraph_text": "AITUC Full name All India Trade Union Congress Founded 31 October 1920 Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India Lala Lajpat Rai: First President Diwan Chaman Lall: First General Secretary Members 2,677,979 (2002) Affiliation WFTU Key people Ramendra Kumar, National President Gurudas Dasgupta, General Secretary Office location New Delhi Country India",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jessie Aspinall",
"paragraph_text": "Jessie Aspinall will be remembered for being one of the first female doctors in general hospitals in Australia, and whose achievements challenged ingrain cultural beliefs about the position of women within society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Daawat-e-Ishq",
"paragraph_text": "The film was released on 19 September 2014, to mostly positive reviews. \"The Hindu\" said \"Daawat-e-Ishq\" was a \"potent recipe\", and \"Times of India\" gave it four stars out of five. The film collected at the box office in its first week run.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of San Antonio",
"paragraph_text": "The ``Villa de Bejar ''was founded by Spanish explorers on May 5th, 1718, by then Govenor Martin Alarcon, at the headwaters of the San Pedro Creek. The mission San Antonio de Valero was established on the east bank of the creek and a presidio was 3 / 4 of a league downstream. Development of the Spanish colonial city followed. A trading post was also established near the presidio and the town developed as the capital of Tejas, a province of colonial Spain. It was the northernmost settlement associated with the Hispanic culture of the Valley of Mexico.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "History of India",
"paragraph_text": "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette",
"paragraph_text": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India. It was the first newspaper printed in Asia, and was published for two years, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism well before its time and its fight for free expression in India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Solicitor General of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years. The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India. Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India, the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers (Terms and Conditions) Rules, 1972. However, unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory. Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General. Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution, the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the, level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice, the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mohan Parasaran",
"paragraph_text": "Mohan Parasaran is a Senior Advocate at the Supreme Court of India. In February 2013 he was appointed the Solicitor General of India and continued in this post till May 2014. Previously he held the post of Additional Solicitor General of India for nine years. In 2012, he resigned from the post of Additional Solicitor General but the resignation was not accepted by the Government. He was designated senior advocate in 2002.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "IPad (4th generation)",
"paragraph_text": "It was announced at a media conference on October 23, 2012 as the fourth generation of the iPad line, and was first released on November 2, 2012, in 35 countries, and then through December in ten other countries including China, India and Brazil. The third generation was discontinued following the fourth's announcement, after only seven months of general availability.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company, which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal Emperor. In 1773, motivated by corruption in the Company, the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773. A Governor-General and Supreme Council of Bengal were appointed to rule over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The first Governor-General and Council were named in the Act.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games",
"paragraph_text": "India competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Australia from 4 to 15 April 2018. It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. With 26 Gold medals and a total of 66 medals, India finished 3rd for the tournament. It was India's best position since the 2010 Commonwealth Games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Maruti 800",
"paragraph_text": "Maruti 800 is a small city car that was manufactured by Maruti Suzuki in India from 1983 to 2014. The first generation (SS80) was based on the 1979 Suzuki Alto and had an 800 cc F8B engine, hence the moniker. Widely regarded as the most influential automobile in India, about 2.87 million 800s were produced during its course of which 2.66 million were sold in India itself.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the position of the first governor general of India? | [
{
"id": 75714,
"question": "who was the first govenor general of india",
"answer": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 148696,
"question": "What is the position of #1 ?",
"answer": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Governor-General of India | [
"Viceroy of India"
] | true | What is the position of the first governor general of India? |
2hop__35137_22901 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ragalaipuram",
"paragraph_text": "The film opened to poor reviews from critics. A critic from the Times of India noted \"Ragalaipuram is a textbook example of how to make a lowest common denominator entertainer.\" Sify.com wrote that \"the Tamil remake is nowhere near the original, as director Mano’s jokes fall flat and the comic scenes are so predictable.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pharmacy",
"paragraph_text": "In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Imamate in Shia doctrine",
"paragraph_text": "The word \"Imām\" denotes a person who stands or walks \"in front\". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab (\"school of thought\"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word \"Imam\" is applicable only to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "History of medicine",
"paragraph_text": "The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, (or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215 -- 282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Elias Tillandz",
"paragraph_text": "Elias Tillandz (1640–1693), born \"Tillander\", was a Swedish born doctor and botanist in Finland. He was the professor of medicine at the Academy of Turku. He wrote the country's first botanical work, the \"Catalogus Plantarum\", which was first published in 1673. As a doctor he also prepared medicines for his patients by using his extensive knowledge of plants.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Virginian Hotel (Medicine Bow, Wyoming)",
"paragraph_text": "The Virginian Hotel is a historic hotel in Medicine Bow, Wyoming, United States. Construction on the hotel began in 1901 and was completed in 1911. It was built by August Grimm, the first mayor of Medicine Bow, and his partner George Plummer. The hotel is thought to be named for the famous novel written in Medicine Bow, \"The Virginian\" by Owen Wister. Although it provided a place for cowboys and railroad workers to stay while they were in town, the hotel was actually built to serve a much broader clientele. It became a headquarters for all to meet and eat as well as a setting for many business dealings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Iran",
"paragraph_text": "The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Islam in Central Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Islam in Central Asia has existed since the beginning of Islamic history. Islam is the most widely practiced religion in Central Asia. The Hanafi school of thought of Sunnism is the most popular, with Shiism of Imami and Ismaili denominations predominating in the Pamir plateau and the western Tian Shan mountains (almost exclusively Ismailis), while boasting to a large minority population in the Zarafshan river valley, from Samarkand to Bukhara (almost exclusively Imamis). Islam came to Central Asia in the early part of the 8th century as part of the Muslim conquest of the region. Many well-known Islamic scientists and philosophers came from Central Asia, and several major Muslim empires, including the Timurid Empire and the Mughal Empire, originated in Central Asia. In the 20th century, severe restrictions on religious practice were enacted by the Soviet Union in Soviet Central Asia and the People's Republic of China in Xinjiang. Concerns about Islamic radicalism and religious freedom in the region persist to this day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Islam by country",
"paragraph_text": "Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group. According to a study in 2015, Islam has 1.8 billion adherents, making up about 24% of the world population. Most Muslims are either of two denominations: Sunni (80 - 90%, roughly 1.5 billion people) or Shia (10 -- 20%, roughly 170 - 340 million people). Islam is the dominant religion in the Central Asia, Indonesia, Middle East, South Asia, North Africa, the Sahel and some other parts of Asia. The diverse Asia - Pacific region contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, easily surpassing the Middle East and North Africa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Brain",
"paragraph_text": "Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart. Aristotle favored the heart, and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood. Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion in the heart, and lust near the liver. Hippocrates, the \"father of medicine\", came down unequivocally in favor of the brain. In his treatise on epilepsy he wrote:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Islamism",
"paragraph_text": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Biblical canon",
"paragraph_text": "In general, among Christian denominations, the New Testament canon is an agreed - upon list of 27 books, although book order can vary. The book order is the same in the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant tradition. The Slavonic, Armenian and Ethiopian traditions have different New Testament book orders.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_text": "A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "United Church of Canada",
"paragraph_text": "The United Church of Canada (French: Église unie du Canada) is a mainline Reformed denomination and the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada, and the largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church. In 2011, Statistics Canada reported approximately 2 million people identifying as adherents. The United Church was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Protestant denominations with a total combined membership of about 600,000 members: the Methodist Church, Canada, the Congregational Union of Ontario and Quebec, two - thirds of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Association of Local Union Churches, a movement predominantly of the Canadian Prairie provinces. The Canadian Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren Church joined the United Church of Canada on January 1, 1968.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_text": "Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What Islamic denomination was the author of The Canon of Medicine thought to be a member of? | [
{
"id": 35137,
"question": "Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?",
"answer": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 22901,
"question": "What Islamic denomination was #1 thought to be a member of?",
"answer": "Sunni",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Sunni | [
"Sunni Islam"
] | true | What Islamic denomination was the author of The Canon of Medicine thought to be a member of? |
2hop__593688_292889 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Amadou Séré",
"paragraph_text": "Amadou Séré (born 30 December 1987 in Ouagadougou) is a Burkinabé football (soccer) goalkeeper with Etoile Filante Ouagadougou of the Burkinabé Premier League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sébastien Huyghe",
"paragraph_text": "Sébastien Huyghe (born October 25, 1969 in Béthune, Pas-de-Calais) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Republicans.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "John Brewer Brown",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Philadelphia, PA, Brown attended Centreville Academy and Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA, where he studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1857 and practiced in Centreville. He became a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1870 and served in the Maryland State Senate from 1888 to 1892.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Mohammad Ranjbar",
"paragraph_text": "Mohammad Ranjbar (1 January 1935 – 29 June 2004) was an Iranian footballer and coach. Ranjbar played for Taj Tehran and Pas Tehran. He was a member and captain of Iran national football team. He was also head coach of national team in 1972.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "PA-8000",
"paragraph_text": "The PA-8000 (PCX-U), code-named \"Onyx\", is a microprocessor developed and fabricated by Hewlett-Packard (HP) that implemented the PA-RISC 2.0 instruction set architecture (ISA). It was a completely new design with no circuitry derived from previous PA-RISC microprocessors. The PA-8000 was introduced on 2 November 1995 when shipments began to members of the Precision RISC Organization (PRO). It was used exclusively by PRO members and was not sold on the merchant market. All follow-on PA-8x00 processors (PA-8200 to PA-8900, described further below) are based on the basic PA-8000 processor core.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "T&TEC Sports Club",
"paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bennigsen Beavers",
"paragraph_text": "The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Michel Sergent",
"paragraph_text": "Michel Sergent (born December 27, 1943) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Gay Power, Gay Politics",
"paragraph_text": "\"Gay Power, Gay Politics\" is a 1980 episode of the American documentary television series \"CBS Reports\". It was anchored by Harry Reasoner with reportage by George Crile. Crile also produced the episode with co-producer Grace Diekhaus. He conceived the show after becoming aware of the 1979 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights and took as his focus the 1979 San Francisco mayoral election. After intermittent shooting over several months in 1979 with the cooperation of prominent members of the city's LGBT community, CBS aired \"Gay Power, Gay Politics\" on April 26, 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Stade de ASC HLM",
"paragraph_text": "Stade de ASC HLM is a multi-use stadium in Dakar, Senegal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as a home ground of ASC HLM. The stadium holds 5,000 people.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin",
"paragraph_text": "Michèle San Vicente-Baudrin (born 19 May 1955) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Pas-de-Calais department. She is a member of the Socialist Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "L'important c'est la rose",
"paragraph_text": "L'important c'est la rose is a song written by Louis Amade and Gilbert Bécaud, and recorded by Gilbert Bécaud, released 1967.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pa Amadou Gai",
"paragraph_text": "Pa Amadou Gai (born June 18, 1984 in Bakau) is a Gambian soccer player who currently plays for ASC HLM,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kabaddi",
"paragraph_text": "Kabaddi Kabaddi game Highest governing body International Kabaddi Federation Nicknames Kaudi, Pakaada, Hadudu, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu - Tu - Tu, Himoshika, sadugudu Characteristics Contact Permitted Team members 7 (per side) Mixed gender Yes, separate competitions Type Team sport, Contact sport Equipment None Venue Kabaddi court Presence Country or region Indian Subcontinent tamilnadu Olympic Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Vatican Cricket Team",
"paragraph_text": "The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Françoise Henneron",
"paragraph_text": "Françoise Henneron (born 3 February 1948) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. She represents the Pas-de-Calais department and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Joseph Cogels",
"paragraph_text": "Joseph Hubert Cogels (14 January 1894 – 26 July 1978) was a Belgian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the silver medal as member of the Belgian team in the team clay pigeons competition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gurbux Singh",
"paragraph_text": "Gurbux (\"Gurbaksh\") Singh (born February 11, 1936) is a former field hockey player from India who was a member of the India national field hockey team that won the gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was the Joint Captain at the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games where India won Bronze Medal and the Coach to the Indian team at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. For his outstanding contribution to the country in the field of sports, Gurbux was given the Arjuna Award in the year 1966.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What country does team that Pa Amadou Gai is a member of play for? | [
{
"id": 593688,
"question": "Pa Amadou Gai >> member of sports team",
"answer": "ASC HLM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 292889,
"question": "#1 >> country",
"answer": "Senegal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Senegal | [
"SEN"
] | true | What country does team that Pa Amadou Gai is a member of play for? |
2hop__822113_91104 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system that is currently under construction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航试验系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航試驗系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng shìyàn xìtǒng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Andover Earth Station",
"paragraph_text": "Andover Earth Station was one of the first satellite earth stations, located at Andover in the US state of Maine. It was built by AT&T in 1961 to communicate with the Telstar 1 satellite, the first direct relay communications satellite. It provided the first experimental satellite telephone and television service between North America and Europe. It was also used with the Relay satellite. The station was dismantled in the 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "MEASAT-3",
"paragraph_text": "MEASAT-3 is a Malaysian communications satellite which was successfully launched on 11 December 2006 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "General Satellite",
"paragraph_text": "GS Group CSMW is the only system developed in Russia, introduced in 2007 and tested on millions of viewers of the leading satellite TV operator, Tricolor TV (over 7 million subscribers).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lockheed Martin A2100",
"paragraph_text": "The A2100 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in the 1990s-2010s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit, as well as GOES-R weather satellites and GPS Block IIIA satellites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Satellite",
"paragraph_text": "In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Since then, about 6,600 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. According to a 2013 estimate, 3,600 remained in orbit. Of those, about 1,000 were operational; while the rest have lived out their useful lives and become space debris. Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low - Earth orbit, 50 are in medium - Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), and the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km). A few large satellites have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": "A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Hot Bird 13C",
"paragraph_text": "Hot Bird 13C, formerly Hot Bird 9, is a communications satellite operated by Eutelsat, launched 20 December 2008 aboard an Ariane 5ECA carrier rocket along with the Eutelsat W2M spacecraft. It was built by EADS Astrium, based on a Eurostar E3000 satellite bus. It was positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13°E. After in-orbit testing it will provide communications services to Asia, Europe, Americas, North Africa and the Middle East, with 64 NATO J-band (IEEE K band) transponders.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "ATS-6",
"paragraph_text": "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS - 6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3 - axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "GSAT-7",
"paragraph_text": "GSAT-7 or INSAT-4F is a multi-band military communications satellite developed by ISRO. The Indian Navy is the user of the multi-band communication spacecraft, which has been operational since September 2013. According to defense experts, the satellite will enable the navy to extend its blue water capabilities and stop relying on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "NOAA-4",
"paragraph_text": "NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Hipparcos",
"paragraph_text": "The \"Hipparcos\" satellite was launched (with the direct broadcast satellite TV-SAT2 as co-passenger) on an Ariane 4 launch vehicle, flight V33, from Kourou, French Guiana, on 8 August 1989. Launched into a geostationary transfer orbit, the Mage-2 apogee boost motor failed to fire, and the intended geostationary orbit was never achieved. However, with the addition of further ground stations, in addition to ESA operations control centre at ESOC in Germany, the satellite was successfully operated in its geostationary transfer orbit for almost 3.5 years. All of the original mission goals were, eventually, exceeded.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle",
"paragraph_text": "The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, commercially available only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Satellite",
"paragraph_text": "In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth's Moon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "BeiDou",
"paragraph_text": "The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use, and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. It is planned to begin serving global customers upon its completion in 2020.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the experimental satellite which was the forerunner to the communication satellite of the operator of GSAT-7 called? | [
{
"id": 822113,
"question": "GSAT-7 >> operator",
"answer": "ISRO",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 91104,
"question": "the experimental satellite which was forerunner to communication satellite of #1 is called",
"answer": "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6)",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) | [
"ATS-6"
] | true | What is the experimental satellite which was the forerunner to the communication satellite of the operator of GSAT-7 called? |
2hop__776377_857193 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Diehls Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Diehls Covered Bridge, also known as Turner's Bridge, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Harrison Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. It is a , Burr Truss bridge with a shallow gable roof, constructed in 1892. It crosses the Raystown Branch Juniata River. It is one of 15 historic covered bridges in Bedford County.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Goodpasture Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Goodpasture Bridge spans the McKenzie River near the community of Vida in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is the second longest covered bridge and one of the most photographed covered bridges in the state. The Goodpasture Bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of crossings of the Kiskiminetas River",
"paragraph_text": "This is a complete list of bridges and dams that span the Kiskiminetas River from its confluence at the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna Creek to its mouth at the Allegheny River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Napan River",
"paragraph_text": "The Napan River in Canada is a tributary of the Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. The river rises several kilometres southwest of Chatham in central Northumberland County and flows northeast into the Miramichi River at Napan Bay. Four bridges cross the river at various points: at Hannah Lane, Highway 11, Johnston Lane, and Highway 117. There was also once a crossing at White Lane. At one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "La Crosse Rail Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "La Crosse Rail Bridge is a swing bridge that spans the Mississippi River between La Crescent, Minnesota and La Crosse, Wisconsin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ducharme Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Ducharme Bridge (French: \"Pont Ducharme\") is a covered bridge with a lattice truss structure, which crosses the Bostonnais River in the center of La Bostonnais, Quebec. The bridge was built in 1946 and it is long. It was classified as a historic monument in 2006, because it was a late example of an elaborated town bridge, a truss developed by the Departement of colonization of Quebec at the turn of the 20th century. It was named after Romulus Ducharme, MLA of Laviolette in 1936-1939 and 1944-1966.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Red Run Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Red Run Covered Bridge or Oberhaltzer's Covered Bridge is a covered bridge that once spanned the Muddy Creek in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built in 1866 by Elias McMellen and is currently situated on private property next to the Red Run Campground. It is 107 feet long with a width of 15 feet and is also known as the Oberholzer's Covered Bridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Neff's Mill Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Neff's Mill Covered Bridge or Bowman's Mill Covered Bridge is a covered bridge that spans the Pequea Creek on the border between West Lampeter Township and Strasburg Township in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. A county-owned and maintained bridge, its official designation is the Pequea #7 Bridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Wami Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "Wami Bridge is a bridge in Tanzania that crosses the Wami River. It lies on the A14 highway between Chalinze and Segera junctions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hohenzollern Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Hohenzollern Bridge () is a bridge crossing the river Rhine in the German city of Cologne (German: \"Köln\"). It crosses the Rhine at kilometre 688.5. Originally, the bridge was both a railway and road bridge. However, after its destruction in 1945 and its subsequent reconstruction, it was only accessible to rail and pedestrian traffic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dock Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "Dock Bridge is a pair of vertical lift bridges crossing the Passaic River at Newark, Essex County and Harrison, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, used exclusively for railroad traffic. It is the seventh crossing from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Also known as the Amtrak Dock Vertical Lift, it carries Amtrak, NJ Transit, and PATH trains. It is listed on the state and federal registers of historic places.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886. The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge. The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough. After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge. The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone. The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Mapo Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Mapo Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the Mapo District and the Yeongdeungpo District in the city of Seoul. The bridge was completed in 1970. Until 1984, the bridge was called Seoul Bridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Geeting Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Geeting Covered Bridge, also known as Geeting Bridge, is a historic covered bridge crossing Price's Creek on Price Road west of Lewisburg, Ohio, United States. It was built in 1894 by Everett S. Sherman, one of at least 20 covered bridges built by Sherman in Preble County, Ohio. The abutments were built by the Koppee Brothers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Crum Creek",
"paragraph_text": "Crum Creek (from the Dutch, meaning \"crooked creek\") is a creek in Delaware County and Chester County, Pennsylvania, flowing approximately , generally in a southward direction and draining into the Delaware River in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. It begins in a swamp (formerly a lake, dammed out) near Newtown Square, Pennsylvania along which several mills were established in the 19th century. Right afterward it crosses under Pennsylvania Route 29 and winds one and a half miles () downstream until it hits the hamlet of Crum Creek. It later flows into the Delaware River near Philadelphia.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Bartram's Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "Bartram's Covered Bridge, a historic covered bridge built in 1860, uses a Burr Truss design and carried Goshen Road over Crum Creek on the border between Delaware County and Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is long and wide and is the only covered bridge remaining of the 30 which once stood in Delaware County. The bridge has slanted planks at each entrance and is the only covered bridge in Pennsylvania with this feature. According to an on-site marker from the Newtown Square Historical Preservation Society, the bridge was built to be \"hi and wide as a load of hay\" It was built by Ferdinand Wood and named for Mordecai Bartram.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kintersburg Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Kintersburg Covered Bridge is a covered bridge spanning Crooked Creek in Rayne Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. Built in 1877, it is one of four covered bridges in the county, and is the only one with a Howe truss design. It is . The Howe design is rather rare in covered bridges. The Kintersburg Bridge is one of only five in the state of Pennsylvania with that design. The other four are the McConnell's Mill Covered Bridge in Lawrence County, Mean's Ford Covered Bridge in Bucks County, St. Mary's Covered Bridge in Huntingdon County, and the Thomas Mill Covered Bridge in Philadelphia County.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge is a covered bridge that spans the Conestoga River in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the oldest bridge in the county still in use. A county-owned and maintained bridge, its official designation is the Big Conestoga #2 Bridge. The bridge is also called Martin's Mill Bridge, Eberly's Cider Mill Covered Bridge, and Fiand's/Fiantz's Covered Bridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Port of Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "The Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest port for containerised and general cargo. It is located in Melbourne, Victoria, and covers an area at the mouth of the Yarra River, downstream of Bolte Bridge, which is at the head of Port Phillip, as well as several piers on the bay itself. Since 1 July 2003, the Port of Melbourne has been managed by the Port of Melbourne Corporation, a statutory corporation created by the State of Victoria.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the mouth of watercourse for the body of water where Bartram's Covered Bridge is located? | [
{
"id": 776377,
"question": "Bartram's Covered Bridge >> crosses",
"answer": "Crum Creek",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 857193,
"question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Delaware River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Delaware River | [] | true | What is the mouth of watercourse for the body of water where Bartram's Covered Bridge is located? |
2hop__458672_20057 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Steve Dorner",
"paragraph_text": "Steve Dorner is an American software engineer who developed the Eudora e-mail client in 1988 as a part of his work as a staff member at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dorner was hired by Qualcomm in July 1992 and Eudora was subsequently acquired by Qualcomm. Dorner also developed a popular online directory/phone book in the early 1990s commonly referred to as the CCSO Nameserver.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "BlueSpice MediaWiki",
"paragraph_text": "BlueSpice MediaWiki (BlueSpice for short) is free wiki software based on MediaWiki and licensed by GNU General Public License. It is especially developed for businesses as an enterprise wiki distribution for MediaWiki and used in over 150 countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "EtherApe",
"paragraph_text": "EtherApe is a packet sniffer/network traffic monitoring tool, developed for Unix. EtherApe is free, open source software developed under the GNU General Public License.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Free Software Directory",
"paragraph_text": "The Free Software Directory (FSD) is a project of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). It catalogs free software that runs under free operating systems - particularly GNU and Linux. The cataloged projects are often able to run in several other operating systems. The project was formerly co-run by UNESCO.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "GNOME",
"paragraph_text": "GNOME was started on August 15 1997 by Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena as a free software project to develop a desktop environment and applications for it. It was founded in part because K Desktop Environment, which was growing in popularity, relied on the Qt widget toolkit which used a proprietary software license until version 2.0 (June 1999). In place of Qt, GTK (GIMP Toolkit) was chosen as the base of GNOME. GTK uses the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), a free software license that allows software linking to it to use a much wider set of licenses, including proprietary software licenses. GNOME itself is licensed under the LGPL for its libraries, and the GNU General Public License (GPL) for its applications.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Keen Software House",
"paragraph_text": "Keen Software House is an independent video game developing company based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company was founded by Marek Rosa in 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "MinGW",
"paragraph_text": "MinGW (\"Minimalist GNU for Windows\"), formerly mingw32, is a free and open source software development environment to create Microsoft Windows applications. The development of the MinGW project has slowed down since the creation in 2013 of an alternative project called MinGW-w64 by a different author.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Helix Software Company",
"paragraph_text": "Helix Software Company was a New York City based software company founded in October 1986. The company developed software tools and utilities for DOS and Windows. In 1993, Helix licensed some of its memory management technology to Microsoft for use in MS-DOS 6.0. Microsoft subsequently released Helix's memory management technology as part of the MEMMAKER and EMM386 DOS commands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tntnet",
"paragraph_text": "Tntnet is Web server software, coded in C++, which enables other C++ programs to bundle requests modules. This enables developing Web applications in C++. The GET and POST requests are interpreted by the tntnet server and sent to the web application program, which will send a reply back over the network. Tntnet is free software released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Fredrick Brennan",
"paragraph_text": "Fredrick Brennan (born 1994), also known by the nickname \"Hotwheels\", is an American software developer with brittle bone disease who founded the imageboard website 8chan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "GLX",
"paragraph_text": "Silicon Graphics developed GLX as part of their effort to support OpenGL in the X Window System. In 1999 SGI released GLX under an open source license, letting it be incorporated in XFree86's source code version 4.0 in 2000. From there, the code was inherited by the forked X.Org Foundation's version of the X Window System X11R6.7.0. On September 19, 2008, SGI created a new SGI FreeB License Version 2.0, which \"now mirrors the free X11 license used by X.Org\" and \"meets the free and open source software community's widely accepted definition of 'free'\". In 2009 the Free Software Foundation endorsed the SGI Free License B to be a free software license, and GLX to be an important free software graphics project. As of 2011 GLX has reached version 1.4.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "InfraRecorder",
"paragraph_text": "Since 0.46, InfraRecorder is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License 3 and is free software. In November 2007, CNET rated InfraRecorder the best free alternative to commercial DVD burning software.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Intellectual property",
"paragraph_text": "Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jonas Öberg",
"paragraph_text": "Jonas Öberg (born 22 November 1977 in Norrköping, Sweden) is a free and open-source software activist, describing himself as an instigator in the world of free, having worked with the Free Software Foundation Europe, GNU Project, FSCONS, Creative Commons and the Shuttleworth Foundation. He started to develop software in 1991 and installed his first GNU/Linux operating system in 1993 after which he eventually joined as a webmaster for the GNU Project. In the late 1990s, he spent some time at the MIT AI Labs where he met with Richard Stallman and others from the Free Software Foundation, joining them for The Bazaar conference in New York. Since 2002, he has been on the award committee for the Free Software Foundation's Free Software Awards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Free Software Definition",
"paragraph_text": "The Free Software Definition written by Richard Stallman and published by Free Software Foundation (FSF), defines free software as being software that ensures that the end users have freedom in using, studying, sharing and modifying that software. The term \"free\" is used in the sense of \"free speech,\" not of \"free of charge.\" The earliest-known publication of the definition was in the February 1986 edition of the now-discontinued GNU's Bulletin publication of FSF. The canonical source for the document is in the philosophy section of the GNU Project website. , it is published there in 39 languages. FSF publishes a list of licences which meet this definition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Metalogix Software",
"paragraph_text": "Metalogix Software is an independent software vendor, founded in 2001 in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is now a private company (Metalogix International GmbH) with a headquarters in Washington, D.C. Metalogix develops, sells and provides support for content infrastructure software for Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft Exchange and Cloud computing platforms. In 2001, Metalogix became the first company to develop a content migration solution for Microsoft.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Software Arts",
"paragraph_text": "Software Arts was a software company founded by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston in 1979 to develop VisiCalc, which was published by a separate company, Personal Software Inc., later named VisiCorp.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Blue Planet Software",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Planet Software, Inc., is a video game developer and publisher. Established as Bullet-Proof Software, Inc. Blue Planet Software became a separate company founded by Henk Rogers in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1996. Maya Rogers became CEO in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Xcode",
"paragraph_text": "Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS containing a suite of software development tools developed by Apple for developing software for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS. First released in 2003, the latest stable release is version 10.3 and is available via the Mac App Store free of charge for macOS Mojave users. Registered developers can download preview releases and prior versions of the suite through the Apple Developer website.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"paragraph_text": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix - like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system - level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel was called GNU Hurd. The Hurd followed an ambitious design which proved unexpectedly difficult to implement and has only been marginally usable.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who started the foundation that developed the Free Software Directory? | [
{
"id": 458672,
"question": "Free Software Directory >> developer",
"answer": "Free Software Foundation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 20057,
"question": "Who founded #1 ?",
"answer": "Richard Stallman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Richard Stallman | [
"rms"
] | true | Who started the foundation that developed the Free Software Directory? |
2hop__846415_88165 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ellen Hamlin",
"paragraph_text": "Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Archidamus II",
"paragraph_text": "Archidamus II () was a Eurypontid king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC. His father was Zeuxidamus (called Cyniscos by many Spartans). Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archidamus. However, Zeuxidamus died before his father, Leotychidas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller",
"paragraph_text": "Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller was born in Hellerup, the son of a Danish father, Arnold Peter Møller, founder of the A.P. Moller–Maersk Group, and an American mother, Chastine Estelle Roberta (née McKinney) Møller. Mærsk married his high-school sweetheart, Emma Neergaard Rasmussen in 1940 and remained married to her until her death in 2005. They had three daughters: Leise (born 1941), Kirsten, Mrs Olufsen (born 1944), and Ane, Mrs Uggla (born 1948). He ranked 557th-wealthiest person in the world (2007) on the Forbes list with an estimated fortune of 142 billion Danish kroner, which made him the wealthiest person in Denmark until his death.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford",
"paragraph_text": "John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (13 February 1686 20 February 1703) (sometimes called Charles Churchill) was a British nobleman. He was the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Marlborough as the only surviving son of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an accomplished general, and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, a close friend of Queen Anne. Blandford died childless in 1703, and upon his father's death in 1722, the dukedom passed to his eldest sister, Lady Henrietta Godolphin (née Churchill).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jokshan",
"paragraph_text": "Josephus records that \"Abraham contrived to settle them in colonies; and they took possession of Troglodytis and the country of Arabia Felix, as far as it reaches to the Red Sea.\" Abraham in all probability, tried to keep them apart from Isaac to avoid conflict while fulfilling God's commission to spread out and inhabit the globe.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Beginners",
"paragraph_text": "Beginners is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Mike Mills. It tells the story of Oliver, a man reflecting on the life and death of his father, Hal, while trying to forge a new romantic relationship with a woman, Anna, dealing with father issues of her own. The film is based on the true-life coming out of Mills' father at the age of 75, five years before his death.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Alexis Caswell Angell",
"paragraph_text": "Angell was the son of James Burrill Angell and Sarah Swope Caswell, and was named for his maternal grandfather, Alexis Caswell, later President of Brown University. Angell was 14 when his family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when his father was appointed President of the University of Michigan. In 1880, he married Fanny Cary Cooley, daughter of Law Professor Thomas McIntyre Cooley.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Maria Gaetana Agnesi",
"paragraph_text": "Maria Gaetana Agnesi was born in Milan, to a wealthy and literate family. Her father Pietro Agnesi, a wealthy silk merchant, wanted to elevate his family into the Milanese nobility. In order to achieve his goal, he had married Anna Fortunato Brivio of the Brivius de Brokles family in 1717. Her mother's death provided her the excuse to retire from public life. She took over management of the household. She was one of 21 children.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Karin Smirnov",
"paragraph_text": "Karin Smirnov was a socialist; she married Russian Bolshevik Vladimir Smirnov(). She wrote plays and also books about her mother and father, and their marriage.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sir William Maule",
"paragraph_text": "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Fairly Legal",
"paragraph_text": "\"Fairly Legal\" stars Sarah Shahi as Kate Reed, a young woman who changes her profession from lawyer to mediator and works at the San Francisco law firm her father started. As the series opens, Kate's father has just died, leaving his young widow Lauren in charge as Kate and the firm adjust to the loss.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Sarah Stewart (author)",
"paragraph_text": "Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mohammed VI of Morocco",
"paragraph_text": "Mohammed VI has one brother, Prince Moulay Rachid, and three sisters: Princess Lalla Meryem, Princess Lalla Asma, and Princess Lalla Hasna. The New York Times noted \"conflicting reports about whether the new monarch had been married on Friday night, within hours of his father's death [in 1999]... to heed a Moroccan tradition that a King be married before he ascends the throne.\" A palace official subsequently denied that a marriage had taken place.On 21 March 2002, Mohammed married Salma Bennani (now H.R.H. Princess Lalla Salma) in Rabat. Bennani was granted the personal title of Princess with the title of Her Royal Highness on her marriage. They have two children: Crown Prince Moulay Hassan, who was born on 8 May 2003, and Princess Lalla Khadija, who was born on 28 February 2007.Mohammed's birthday on 21 August is a public holiday, although festivities were cancelled upon the death of his aunt in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Britannicus",
"paragraph_text": "Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus (c. 12 February AD 41 – 11 February AD 55), usually called Britannicus, was the son of Roman emperor Claudius and his third wife Valeria Messalina. For a time he was considered his father's heir, but that changed after his mother's downfall in 48, when it was revealed she had engaged in a bigamous marriage without Claudius' knowledge. The next year, his father married Agrippina the Younger, Claudius' fourth and final marriage. Their marriage was followed by the adoption of Agrippina's son, Lucius Domitius, whose name became Nero as a result. His step-brother would later be married to his sister Octavia, and soon eclipsed him as Claudius' heir. Following his father's death in October 54, Nero became emperor. The sudden death of Britannicus shortly before his fourteenth birthday is reported by all extant sources as a poisoning on Nero's orders—as Claudius' natural son, he represented a threat to Nero's claim to the throne.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Adelaide of Hungary",
"paragraph_text": "Adelaide of Hungary ( – 27 January 1062) was the only daughter of King Andrew I of Hungary of the Árpád dynasty and Anastasia of Kiev. She was the second wife of Vratislav II of Bohemia, whom she married in 1058. She was a good dynastic match for Vratislav, as he profited from the alliance with her father. They had four children, including Bretislaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Bohemia. Vratislav became duke in 1061 after death of his brother, thus Adelaide was duchess for only a short time before her death early in 1062.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Alcidice",
"paragraph_text": "Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Thomas Bateman",
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Bateman was born in Rowsley, Derbyshire, England, the son of the amateur archaeologist William Bateman. After the death of his father in 1835, Bateman was raised by his grandfather, and from the age of 16 he helped run the family estate at Middleton Hall in Middleton-by-Youlgreave, during which time he became interested in archaeology: Sir Richard Colt Hoare's \"Ancient History of North and South Wiltshire\" influenced him greatly. He built Lomberdale Hall in 1844 as his private residence. Bateman had a long affair with Mary Ann Mason, but she was already married. He married Sarah Parker on 2 August 1847 and they had four daughters and a son.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Keturah",
"paragraph_text": "Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Stig Olin",
"paragraph_text": "He was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin. He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John Paxton",
"paragraph_text": "John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who did Jokshan's father marry after the death of Sarah? | [
{
"id": 846415,
"question": "Jokshan >> father",
"answer": "Abraham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 88165,
"question": "who did #1 marry after the death of sarah",
"answer": "Keturah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Keturah | [] | true | Who did Jokshan's father marry after the death of Sarah? |
2hop__75781_512508 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Atomic nucleus",
"paragraph_text": "The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger -- Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_text": "During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Navajo",
"paragraph_text": "Archaeological and historical evidence suggests the Athabaskan ancestors of the Navajos and Apaches entered the Southwest around 1400 CE. The Navajo oral tradition is said to retain references of this migration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Beta decay",
"paragraph_text": "In nuclear physics, beta decay (β - decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission), thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "C10orf76",
"paragraph_text": "C10orf76 or chromosome 10 open reading frame 76, also known as UPF0668, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"c10orf76\" gene. Its function is not currently known, but experimental evidence has suggested that it may be involved in transcriptional regulation. The protein contains a conserved proline-rich motif, suggesting that it may participate in protein-protein interactions via an SH3-binding domain, although no such interactions have been experimentally verified. The well-conserved gene appears to have emerged in Fungi approximately 1.2 billion years ago. The locus is alternatively spliced and predicted to yield five protein variants, three of which contain a protein domain of unknown function, DUF1741.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Neutron temperature",
"paragraph_text": "The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term temperature is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with a certain temperature. The neutron energy distribution is then adapted to the Maxwellian distribution known for thermal motion. Qualitatively, the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the free neutrons. The momentum and wavelength of the neutron are related through the de Broglie relation. The large wavelength of slow neutrons allows for the large cross section.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Dayton Project",
"paragraph_text": "At Los Alamos, physicist Robert Serber proposed that instead of relying on spontaneous fission, the chain reaction inside the atomic bomb should be triggered by a neutron initiator. The best - known neutron sources were radium - beryllium and polonium - beryllium. The latter was chosen, as polonium has a 138 - day half - life, which made it intense enough to be useful but not long - lived enough to be stockpiled. Thomas took charge of the development of techniques to industrially refine polonium for use with beryllium in the ``urchin ''internal neutron initiators. This effort became the Dayton Project.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Neutron moderator",
"paragraph_text": "In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium - 235 or a similar fissile nuclide.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Gautier de Metz",
"paragraph_text": "Gautier de Metz (also \"Gauthier\", \"Gossuin,\" or \"Gossouin\") was a French priest and poet. He is primarily known for writing the encyclopedic poem \"L'Image du Monde\". Evidence from the earliest editions of this work suggests his actual name was Gossouin rather than Gautier.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Continental drift",
"paragraph_text": "Wegener was the first to use the phrase \"continental drift\" (1912, 1915) (in German \"die Verschiebung der Kontinente\" – translated into English in 1922) and formally publish the hypothesis that the continents had somehow \"drifted\" apart. Although he presented much evidence for continental drift, he was unable to provide a convincing explanation for the physical processes which might have caused this drift. His suggestion that the continents had been pulled apart by the centrifugal pseudoforce (Polflucht) of the Earth's rotation or by a small component of astronomical precession was rejected, as calculations showed that the force was not sufficient. The Polflucht hypothesis was also studied by Paul Sophus Epstein in 1920 and found to be implausible.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Buddhism",
"paragraph_text": "The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Iranian languages",
"paragraph_text": "The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Continental drift",
"paragraph_text": "The widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift. The continuity of glaciers, inferred from oriented glacial striations and deposits called tillites, suggested the existence of the supercontinent of Gondwana, which became a central element of the concept of continental drift. Striations indicated glacial flow away from the equator and toward the poles, based on continents' current positions and orientations, and supported the idea that the southern continents had previously been in dramatically different locations that were contiguous with one another.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Architecture of Mesopotamia",
"paragraph_text": "Built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, the ziggurat was a pyramidal structure. Sun - baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on these glazed bricks. The number of tiers ranged from two to seven, with a shrine or temple at the summit. Access to the shrine was provided by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. It has been suggested that ziggurats were built to resemble mountains, but there is little textual or archaeological evidence to support that hypothesis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"paragraph_text": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pearl",
"paragraph_text": "For thousands of years, seawater pearls were retrieved by divers in the Indian Ocean in areas such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar. Evidence also suggest a prehistoric origin to pearl diving in these regions. Starting in the Han Dynasty (206 BC -- 220 AD), the Chinese hunted extensively for seawater pearls in the South China Sea. In the 14th - century Arabian Sea, the traveller Ibn Battuta provided the earliest known description of pearl diving by means of attaching a cord to the diver's waist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Conformity",
"paragraph_text": "Although conformity pressures generally increase as the size of the majority increases, a meta - analysis suggests that conformity pressures in Asch's experiment peak once the majority reaches about four or five in number. Moreover, a study suggests that the effects of group size depend on the type of social influence operating. This means that in situations where the group is clearly wrong, conformity will be motivated by normative influence; the participants will conform in order to be accepted by the group. A participant may not feel much pressure to conform when the first person gives an incorrect response. However, conformity pressure will increase as each additional group member also gives the same incorrect response.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Philosophy of space and time",
"paragraph_text": "Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Neutron star",
"paragraph_text": "A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. Neutron stars are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. If the remnant star has a mass greater than about 3 solar masses, it continues collapsing to form a black hole.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mesozoic",
"paragraph_text": "The climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temperature gradient allowed them to spread toward the poles throughout the period. By the end of the Cretaceous, angiosperms dominated tree floras in many areas, although some evidence suggests that biomass was still dominated by cycad and ferns until after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the person who provided evidence to suggest the existence of the neutron a participant of? | [
{
"id": 75781,
"question": "who provided evidence to suggest the existence of the neutron",
"answer": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 512508,
"question": "#1 >> participant in",
"answer": "Manhattan Project",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Manhattan Project | [] | true | What was the person who provided evidence to suggest the existence of the neutron a participant of? |
3hop2__304722_230978_63959 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "History of Chelsea F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "The 1963 -- 72 seasons saw Chelsea regularly challenge for honours for the first time, although they often narrowly missed out. The League Cup was won in 1965, the FA Cup in 1970 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971; they were also FA Cup runners - up in 1967 and League Cup runners - up in 1972. Several problems over the next decade, principally the debt burden caused by an ambitious attempt to redevelop Stamford Bridge, brought the club to the brink of extinction, before a revival under John Neal in the mid-1980s saw the club win the Second Division title and ultimately re-establish itself in the top flight.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Chelsea F.C. managers",
"paragraph_text": "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Manchester City F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "The club's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when they won the League Championship, FA Cup, League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998. Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s, the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has since become one of the wealthiest in the world. Since 2011, the club have won five major honours, including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Manchester United F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. The club has also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998 -- 99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League. In 2016 -- 17, by winning the UEFA Europa League, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions. In addition, they became the only professional English club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team that is organised by a national or international governing body.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": "The Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": "Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Matthew Webb (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "Matthew Leslie Webb (born 24 September 1976) is an English former professional footballer born in Bristol who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. Webb, a pacy winger, joined Birmingham City as a YTS trainee in 1993 and turned professional two years later. After playing only once for the reserve team, he made his debut in Division Two on 11 March 1995, coming on as substitute for Steve McGavin in a 1–0 defeat at home to Swansea City. He remained with the club for the 1995–96 season, but played no more first-team football before being released from his contract in 1996.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nwankwo Kanu",
"paragraph_text": "Kanu has won a UEFA Champions League medal, a UEFA Cup medal, three FA Cup Winners Medals and two African Player of the Year awards amongst others. He is also one of few players to have won the Premier League, FA Cup, Champions League, UEFA Cup and an Olympic Gold Medal. He made the third-most substitute appearances in Premier League history, appearing from the bench 118 times. He is regarded as one of the best players in African football history",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": "ITV lost the rights to the FA Cup beginning with the 2014 -- 15 FA Cup, terrestrial rights will return to BBC Sport, with the final being shown on BBC One while BT Sport hold the pay TV rights. Under this deal, the BBC will show around the same number of games as ITV and still having the first pick for each round.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Premier League",
"paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Chelsea F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club in Fulham, London, that competes in the Premier League, the top division of English football. The club has won six top division titles, eight FA Cups, five League Cups, four FA Community Shields, two UEFA Europa Leagues, two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, two Full Members' Cups, one UEFA Champions League, and one UEFA Super Cup.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Everton F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later. Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period, until a revival in the 1960s, which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championships, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": "Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match. Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in the 2015 final to win the cup for the second year in a row. It was their 12th FA Cup title overall, making Arsenal the FA Cup's most successful club ahead of Manchester United on 11.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Rugby World Cup",
"paragraph_text": "The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup, named after William Webb Ellis, the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game. Four countries have won the trophy; New Zealand have won it three times, two teams have won twice, Australia and South Africa, while England have won it once.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Premier League",
"paragraph_text": "The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the Capital One Cup (League Cup). Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament; if the winner of either the FA Cup or League Cup qualifies for the Champions League, then that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League. A further place in the UEFA Europa League is also available via the Fair Play initiative. If the Premier League has one of the three highest Fair Play rankings in Europe, the highest ranked team in the Premier League Fair Play standings which has not already qualified for Europe will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "1914 FA Cup Final",
"paragraph_text": "The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Arsenal F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": "The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2005 FA Cup Final",
"paragraph_text": "The 2005 FA Cup Final was a football match played between Arsenal and Manchester United on 21 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2004 -- 05 FA Cup, the 124th season of English football's primary cup competition, the FA Cup. Arsenal became the first team to win the FA Cup via a penalty shoot - out, despite being outplayed throughout the game, after neither side managed to score in the initial 90 minutes or in 30 minutes of extra time. The shoot - out finished 5 -- 4 to Arsenal, with Patrick Vieira scoring the winning penalty after Paul Scholes' shot was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2015 Rugby World Cup Final",
"paragraph_text": "The 2015 Rugby World Cup Final was a rugby union match to determine the winner of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, played between reigning champions New Zealand and their rivals Australia on 31 October 2015 at Twickenham Stadium in London. New Zealand beat Australia 34–17, winning the World Cup for a record third time, and becoming the first team to retain the Webb Ellis Cup.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the last time the team Matthew Webb was a member of beat the winner of the 1894-95 FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 230978,
"question": "Matthew Webb >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time the team Matthew Webb was a member of beat the winner of the 1894-95 FA Cup? |
2hop__620853_22458 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Aljaž Cotman",
"paragraph_text": "Aljaž Cotman (born 26 April 1994) is a Slovenian football goalkeeper who plays for Maribor. He was also a member of the Slovenian youth national teams.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Madawa Macrada",
"paragraph_text": "Madawa Macrada is a Chadian football player and the member of Chad national football team. He has 2 caps for national team earned in qualifying matches for 2012 Africa Cup of Nations. He plays club football in Gazelle FC in Chad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Alain Gustave",
"paragraph_text": "Alain Gustave (born October 5, 1986) is a Haitian soccer player who currently plays for Sevilla FC Puerto Rico of the Puerto Rico Soccer League. He also plays for the Haiti national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Henri Caroine",
"paragraph_text": "Henri Caroine (born 7 September 1981) is a Tahitian footballer currently playing for Horizon Patho. He is a member of Tahiti national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Khaled Al Zakiba",
"paragraph_text": "Khaled Al Zakiba is Qatari footballer who is a defender for Muaither . He is a member of the Qatar national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Lamin Massaquoi",
"paragraph_text": "Henry Lamin Massaquoi (born September 19, 1978 in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer. He is a member of the Leone Stars, Sierra Leone national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jūlija Sokolova",
"paragraph_text": "Jūlija Sokolova is a Latvian football striker currently playing for Górnik Łęczna in the Polish Ekstraliga. She is a member of the Latvian national team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Naji Shushan",
"paragraph_text": "Naji Shushan (; born January 14, 1981 in Tripoli, Libya) is a Libyan football defender currently playing for Alahly. He was a member of the Libya national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mohammad Ranjbar",
"paragraph_text": "Mohammad Ranjbar (1 January 1935 – 29 June 2004) was an Iranian footballer and coach. Ranjbar played for Taj Tehran and Pas Tehran. He was a member and captain of Iran national football team. He was also head coach of national team in 1972.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2014 Kosovo v Haiti football match",
"paragraph_text": "Kosovo vs Haiti was the first international match involving the Kosovar national football team to be recognised by FIFA, and the first to take place within Kosovo. The match was an international friendly between representative teams from Kosovo and Haiti.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sweden national American football team",
"paragraph_text": "The Swedish national American football team is the official American football team for Sweden. They came Third place in the first American Football World Cup in 1999, did not participate in 2003, and came in fourth in 2007. They are members of the European Federation of American Football.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Honour Gombami",
"paragraph_text": "Honour Gombami (born 9 January 1983, in Gwanda) is a Zimbabwean football player. He is a member of the Zimbabwe national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Adib Barakat",
"paragraph_text": "Adib Barakat (, born 6 June 1982 in Syria) is a Syrian footballer who plays as a defender for Bowsher, which competes in the Omani First Division and is a former member of the Syria national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Stadion Grbavica",
"paragraph_text": "Grbavica Stadium is located in Grbavica, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The football stadium has terraces close to the pitch and it is the home stadium of FK Željezničar Sarajevo and one of two stadiums of the national football team of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The stadium has a capacity to hold 13,785 seated spectators, with more room for standing spectators under South stands (capacity up to 16,000). Grbavica Stadium is also known as \"Dolina ćupova\" (en. Plain of Jars).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Joe Luwi",
"paragraph_text": "Joe Luwi is a Solomon Islands football player. Currently a member of Western United in the Telekom S-League. He has made 13 appearances for the Solomon Islands national football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ali Asghar Modir Roosta",
"paragraph_text": "Modir Roosta is a former member of Iran national football team. He was also a Futsal player and appeared for Iran national futsal team at the FIFA Futsal World Cup 1992.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Marie-Andrea Egli",
"paragraph_text": "Marie-Andrea Egli is a Swiss football defender currently playing for SC Kriens in the Nationalliga A. She has been a member of the Swiss national team since 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Patrick Banda",
"paragraph_text": "Patrick Banda (28 January 1974 – 27 April 1993) was a Zambian footballer and member of the national team. He was among those killed in the crash of the team plane in Gabon in 1993.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Carlos Dunlap",
"paragraph_text": "Carlos Dunlap (born February 28, 1989) is an American football defensive end for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Florida, and was a key member of the Florida Gators team that won the 2009 national championship. He was then drafted by the Bengals in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What does the name of the organization the Haiti national football team belongs to stand for? | [
{
"id": 620853,
"question": "Haiti national football team >> member of",
"answer": "FIFA",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 22458,
"question": "What does #1 stand for?",
"answer": "International Federation of Association Football",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | International Federation of Association Football | [
"FIFA"
] | true | What does the name of the organization the Haiti national football team belongs to stand for? |
2hop__142621_225454 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Big Blue Note",
"paragraph_text": "\"Big Blue Note\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in September 2005 as the third and final single from Keith's album \"Honkytonk University\". It peaked at number 5 on the United States country charts. Partway through the single's release, DreamWorks Records closed its country division, so Keith promoted the album via his own label, Show Dog Nashville. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nothing Records",
"paragraph_text": "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Livin' Our Love Song",
"paragraph_text": "\"Livin' Our Love Song\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in April 2007 as the second single from his album \"Waitin' in the Country\". Carroll co-wrote the song with Glen Mitchell and Tim Galloway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Do What You Want (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Do What You Want is an album released in 1999 by New Zealand band Garageland by recording label Flying Nun Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hey! Baby",
"paragraph_text": "``Hey! Baby ''is a song written by Margaret Cobb and Bruce Channel, and recorded by Channel in 1961, first released on LeCam Records, a local Fort Worth, Texas label. After it hit, it was released on Smash Records for national distribution. He co-produced the song with Major Bill Smith (owner of LeCam) and released it on Mercury Records' Smash label. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, starting the week ending March 10, 1962.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "When You Can Fly",
"paragraph_text": "When You Can Fly is the second studio album by Canadian country music artist Victoria Banks and her first album with record label distribution, which earned Banks a 2010 Canadian Indie Award nomination and six nominations at the 2009 Canadian Country Music Awards including Album of the Year, Single of the Year (\"The Wheel\"), Songwriter of the Year (\"The Wheel\"), Female Artist of the Year and Rising Star. The album was self-produced by Banks, also earning her a nomination for Producer of the Year. It was released on April 14, 2009 by On Ramp Records/EMI Canada. The album's first single \"The Wheel,\" earned a 2010 Canadian Radio Music Award nomination. Subsequent singles included \"When You Can Fly,\" \"Kiss Me, \"This Old Halo\" and \"Don't Leave the Leavin'.\" Music videos for \"The Wheel\" and \"When You Can Fly\" received airplay on CMT Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "I Wonder (Kellie Pickler song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"I Wonder\" is a song written by Chris Lindsey, Aimee Mayo, Karyn Rochelle, and co-written and recorded by American country artist Kellie Pickler. It was released as the second single from her debut album \"Small Town Girl\" (2006), on February 5, 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "No Ordinary Girl",
"paragraph_text": "No Ordinary Girl is the debut album by Jordan Pruitt, released in the United States on February 6, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album debuted and peaked at number sixty-four on the \"Billboard\" 200 with 14,000 copies sold in its first week and to date has sold 187,887 in the United States. This album had moderate success because of the songs included in the Disney Channel movies \"Read It and Weep\" and \"Jump In\". Pruitt supported the album with \"The Cheetah Girls The Party's Just Begun Tour\" and \"\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Spilled Perfume",
"paragraph_text": "\"Spilled Perfume\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in March 1994 as the lead single from her album \"Sweetheart's Dance\". The song was written by Tillis and Dean Dillon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Statiras Records",
"paragraph_text": "Statiras Records is a sub-label of Progressive Records which Progressive founder Gus Statiras launched in the 1980s that recorded jazz musical artists for release on LP and CD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kontor Records",
"paragraph_text": "Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Tiësto and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Pointless Nostalgic",
"paragraph_text": "Pointless Nostalgic is Jamie Cullum's second album but his first major release on a record label. It was released in 2002 through Candid Records. It was recorded at Clowns Pocket Recording Studio, Bexley, Kent by Derek Nash who also co produced the CD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "I Feel Lucky",
"paragraph_text": "\"I Feel Lucky\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in May 1992 as the first single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The Chipettes recorded a cover of this song for the 1992 album \"Chipmunks in Low Places\". It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hamburg Records",
"paragraph_text": "Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "My Moment (Rebecca Black song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"My Moment\" is a song by American recording artist Rebecca Black. It is a self-empowerment follow-up song to her first single \"Friday\", addressed to the \"haters\" who criticized her previous release. The song was written and produced by Brandon \"Blue\" Hamilton and Quinton Tolbert, and co-produced by Charlton Pettus. It was released on the iTunes Store under the label RB Records as Black's second single on July 19, 2011. RB Records was established by Black herself, after disputes over ownership and distribution of her previous single, \"Friday\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Permission to Fly",
"paragraph_text": "Permission to Fly is the second and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Jordan Pruitt. On July 22, 2008, the album was released to all Limited Too stores only and in September the album was released on iTunes. On August 26, 2008 the album was given a physical release. The worldwide premiere of the album was broadcast over Radio Disney on July 19, 2008 at 4:00 p.m. Pacific Time and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The encore also aired on July 21, 2008 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time. For unknown reasons, the album was removed from the iTunes Store on September 19, 2008.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Whiskey River",
"paragraph_text": "\"Whiskey River\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album \"Whiskey River\". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with \"When My Conscience Hurts the Most\" on the b-side.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Wake Me When It's Over (Willie Nelson song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Wake Me When It's Over ''is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson. After being signed as a recording artist to Liberty Records in 1961, the song was recorded during his second session with the label in September 1961 at Radio Recorders. Selected as the A-side of one of the promotional singles, the song failed to chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jive Records",
"paragraph_text": "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Voices of Wonder",
"paragraph_text": "Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the record label of the co-writer and recording artist of Permission to Fly? | [
{
"id": 142621,
"question": "Which artist is Permission to Fly co-written and recorded by?",
"answer": "Jordan Pruitt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 225454,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Hollywood Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Hollywood Records | [] | true | What is the record label of the co-writer and recording artist of Permission to Fly? |
2hop__95673_121319 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Magic Kitchen",
"paragraph_text": "Magic Kitchen is a 2004 Hong Kong romantic comedy film directed by Lee Chi-ngai and starring Andy Lau, Sammi Cheng and Jerry Yan. The film was adapted from the novel of the same title by Hong Kong novelist, .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Howard Brookner",
"paragraph_text": "Howard Eric Brookner was born April 30, 1954 in New York City and grew up in Great Neck, Long Island. He studied at Phillips Exeter, earned his B.A. from Columbia University in political science, and his M.A. in art history and film at New York University, where for his senior thesis he began what would go on to be the highly acclaimed feature documentary on William S. Burroughs. His film crew consisted of his NYU classmates Tom DiCillo (camera) and Jim Jarmusch (sound.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Fighting for Love",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting for Love is a 2001 Hong Kong romantic comedy film written and directed by Joe Ma and starring Tony Leung and Sammi Cheng.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Going the Distance (1979 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Going the Distance is a 1979 Canadian documentary film directed by Paul Cowan about the 1978 Commonwealth Games. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada, it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "4 Clowns",
"paragraph_text": "4 Clowns is a 1970 documentary compilation film written and directed by Robert Youngson that studies the golden age of comedy through a compilation of rare silent film footage of the works of Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy, Charley Chase and Buster Keaton. It was the last feature film project of producer, director, and writer Robert Youngson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sammy Going South",
"paragraph_text": "Sammy Going South (retitled A Boy Ten Feet Tall for its later US release) is a 1963 British adventure film directed by Alexander Mackendrick, photographed by Erwin Hillier and starring Edward G. Robinson, Fergus McClelland and Constance Cummings.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ocean's 11",
"paragraph_text": "Ocean's 11 is a 1960 heist film directed by Lewis Milestone and starring five Rat Packers: Peter Lawford, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Joey Bishop.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Marianne and Juliane",
"paragraph_text": "\"Marianne and Juliane\" also marked the first time that von Trotta worked with Barbara Sukowa. They would go on to work on six more films together.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Education in South Korea",
"paragraph_text": "High schools in South Korea teach students for three years, from first grade (age 15 -- 17) to third grade (age 17 -- 19), and students commonly graduate at age 18 or 19. High school students are commonly expected to study increasingly long hours each year moving toward graduation, to become competitive and be able to enter attractive universities, such as SKY (Seoul National, Korea, and Yonsei Universities) or SeoKaPo (Seoul National University, KAIST, POSTECH), which are top universities in Korea that almost all parents and teachers want students to enter. Many high school students wake and leave home in the morning at 5 am. When the school is over at 4 pm, they go to a studying room in the school or to a library to study instead of going home. This is called 'Yaja', which literally means' evening self - study '. They do n't need to go home to eat dinner since most schools provide paid dinner for students. After finishing yaja (usually ends at 10 pm, but later than 11 pm at some schools), they return home after studying, then return to specialty study schools (which are called Hagwon) often till 2 am, from Monday to Friday. In addition, they often study on weekends.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sammy Baloji",
"paragraph_text": "Sammy Baloji is a photographer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He works in Lubumbashi and Brussels, and held exhibitions in Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels, Bilbao, Cape Town and Bamako.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Cinesound Varieties",
"paragraph_text": "Cinesound Varieties is a 1934 Australian variety short film from director Ken G. Hall made to go out on a double-bill with the full-length feature, \"The Silence of Dean Maitland\" (1934). Only 18 minutes of the film survive today.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "I'm Going Down (Rose Royce song)",
"paragraph_text": "``I'm Going Down ''is a song written and produced by Norman Whitfield, and performed by Rose Royce. The single is from the film Car Wash and is featured on the film's soundtrack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tim Huebschle",
"paragraph_text": "After completing his high school in Windhoek, Tim Huebschle relocated to Cape Town and completed a Bachelor of Arts in English & German Literature at the University of Cape Town. During his studies, he participated in a few film theory seminars and subsequently chose to follow a career in the film industry. He started making independent short films in 2000, after leaving South Africa and moving to Berlin to pursue internships at production companies in the buzzing German capital and film hub. In 2003 he returned to his home country Namibia where he had secured a production budget for \"Savanna Stories\", a 13-part documentary series, aired on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). Upon completion of the series in 2005 Huebschle continued to work as director on a wide range of short films, documentaries, music videos and commercials. Throughout the years he collected numerous local and international accolades for his work. In 2013/14 he directed 26 episodes of a documentary series and 20 episodes of a children's series for the afternoon programming of the German TV station ARD. Since 2015 Huebschle is working on his debut feature film entitled #\"LANDoftheBRAVEfilm\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular",
"paragraph_text": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular is a 1962 studio album by Sammy Davis Jr. arranged by Morty Stevens. The first half of the album features Davis' impersonations of popular entertainers and celebrities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Blind Detective",
"paragraph_text": "Blind Detective is a 2013 Hong Kong-Chinese action crime romantic comedy film directed by Johnnie To and starring Andy Lau and Sammi Cheng.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Coin Locker Girl",
"paragraph_text": "Coin Locker Girl (; lit. \"Chinatown\") is a 2015 South Korean film written and directed by Han Jun-hee, starring Kim Hye-soo, Kim Go-eun, Uhm Tae-goo with Park Bo-gum and Go Kyung-pyo. It was selected to screen in the International Critics' Week section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Alias the Champ",
"paragraph_text": "Alias the Champ is a 1949 American crime film directed by George Blair and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Robert Rockwell, Barbra Fuller, Audrey Long, James Nolan, John Harmon, Sammy Menacker and Joseph Crehan. The film was released on October 15, 1949, by Republic Pictures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kalpana Lajmi",
"paragraph_text": "Kalpana Lajmi was the daughter of painter Lalita Lajmi and niece of filmmaker Guru Dutt, debuted as an assistant director under the veteran film director Shyam Benegal who was also her relative of the Padukone family. She later went on to work as an assistant costume designer in Shyam Benegal's \"\". She made her directorial début with the documentary film \"D.G. Movie Pioneer\" in 1978 and went on to direct more documentaries like \"A Work Study in Tea Plucking\" (1979) and \"Along the Brahmaputra\" (1981). She debuted as a feature film director in 1986 with \"Ek Pal\" (A Moment), starring Shabana Azmi,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Motorpsycho (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Motorpsycho or Motor Psycho is a 1965 film by Russ Meyer. Made just prior to Meyer's better-known \"Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!\" (1965), the film explores similar themes of sex and violence, but focuses on a male motorcycle gang, unlike the female gang of go-go dancers featured in \"Faster, Pussycat!\". \"Motorpsycho\" is also notable for containing one of the first portrayals of a disturbed Vietnam veteran character in film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Edward G. Robinson",
"paragraph_text": "After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. \"At Ellis Island I was born again\", he wrote. \"Life for me began when I was 10 years old.\" He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to \"Edward G. Robinson\" (the G. standing for his original surname).",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where did the person featured in the film Sammy Going South study or work? | [
{
"id": 95673,
"question": "Who featured in the film Sammy Going South?",
"answer": "Edward G. Robinson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 121319,
"question": "Where did #1 study or work?",
"answer": "American Academy of Dramatic Arts",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | American Academy of Dramatic Arts | [
"The City College of New York",
"City College",
"City College of New York"
] | true | Where did the person featured in the film Sammy Going South study or work? |
2hop__511176_22458 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ulrik Johansen",
"paragraph_text": "Ulrik Johansen (born March 12, 1980) is a Danish professional football player, who is playing for the Danish 1st Division club FC Fredericia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Camilla Martin",
"paragraph_text": "Camilla Martin is the daughter of the former Danish footballer Bent Martin. Her brother is the former Danish footballer Ken Martin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Rasmus Helveg Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "Rasmus Helveg Petersen (born 17 June 1968 in Copenhagen) is a Danish politician who was the Minister of Climate and Energy from 3 February 2014 to 28 June 2015. He is member of the Danish Social Liberal Party and the brother of Morten Helveg Petersen, who serves as a member of the European Parliament for the same party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dolphin RFC",
"paragraph_text": "Dolphin Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club in Cork. It was founded in 1902, by members of Dolphin Swimming Club seeking to find a wintertime activity.They play in Division 2A of the All-Ireland League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Skive IK",
"paragraph_text": "Skive IK is a Danish football club currently playing in the Danish 1st Division. They play at Skive Stadium in Skive in Jutland, which has a capacity of 10,000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "FC Vestsjælland",
"paragraph_text": "FC Vestsjælland, also known as FCV Vikings, was a professional Danish association football club that played in the Danish 1st Division until its closure in 2015. They played their home matches at Harboe Arena Slagelse in Slagelse, which has a capacity of 10,000 (3,300 seats).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2002–03 Danish Superliga",
"paragraph_text": "The 2002–03 Danish Superliga season was the 13th season of the Danish Superliga league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from the first match on July 27, 2002 to final match on June 22, 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Svend Nielsen (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "Svend Nielsen (20 November 1928 – 25 May 2005) was a Danish footballer who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Chris Hermansen",
"paragraph_text": "Chris Hermansen (born 23 January 1975 in Esbjerg, Denmark) is a retired football player, who most notably won the 1999 Danish Cup with Akademisk Boldklub (AB). He played as a forward and scored 73 goals in 174 games in the Danish Superliga from 1996 to 2004. Hermansen played five games for Danish youth selections, including three games for the Denmark national under-21 football team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Knud Børge Overgaard",
"paragraph_text": "Knud Børge Overgaard (21 March 1918 – 20 October 1985) was a Danish amateur footballer who played 8 games for the Denmark national football team, and won a bronze medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He played his club football with B.93.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Stockholm",
"paragraph_text": "The strategic and economic importance of the city made Stockholm an important factor in relations between the Danish Kings of the Kalmar Union and the national independence movement in the 15th century. The Danish King Christian II was able to enter the city in 1520. On 8 November 1520 a massacre of opposition figures called the Stockholm Bloodbath took place and set off further uprisings that eventually led to the breakup of the Kalmar Union. With the accession of Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the establishment of a royal power, the population of Stockholm began to grow, reaching 10,000 by 1600.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "René Møller",
"paragraph_text": "René Møller (15 February 1946 – 23 August 1994) was a Danish former footballer, who played as a forward for Randers Freja and Heart of Midlothian.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Late Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "After the failed union of Sweden and Norway of 1319–1365, the pan-Scandinavian Kalmar Union was instituted in 1397. The Swedes were reluctant members of the Danish-dominated union from the start. In an attempt to subdue the Swedes, King Christian II of Denmark had large numbers of the Swedish aristocracy killed in the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520. Yet this measure only led to further hostilities, and Sweden broke away for good in 1523. Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lyngby Boldklub",
"paragraph_text": "Lyngby Boldklub () is a professional Danish football club founded in 1921. It is based at Lyngby Stadion in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. From 1994 to 2001 the club was known as Lyngby FC. The club has won the Danish championship twice (1983 and 1992) and the Danish Cup three times (1984, 1985 and 1990).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2011 Latvian presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "Indirect presidential elections were held in Latvia on 2 June 2011. Incumbent president Valdis Zatlers was standing again, as well as Andris Bērziņš (Saeima member for the Union of Greens and Farmers), a former head of SEB Unibanka (not to be confused with Andris Bērziņš, former PM from Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way); Bērziņš was nominated by five Saeima members of the Union of Greens and Farmers just two days before the nomination deadline, although the party was assumed to back Zatlers for reelection.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Tonny Brogaard",
"paragraph_text": "Tonny Brogaard (born 10 February 1984), formerly Tonny Nielsen, is a Danish football goalkeeper, who last played at Boldklubben Frem in the Danish 1st Division. At 206 cm (6'9\"), he is one of the tallest playing footballers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Denmark national futsal team",
"paragraph_text": "The Denmark national futsal team is controlled by the Danish Football Association, the governing body for futsal in Denmark and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and UEFA Futsal Championship.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Rhyl and District RFC",
"paragraph_text": "Rhyl and District Rugby Union Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi y Rhyl) is a rugby union club in Rhuddlan outside Rhyl, North Wales. Rhyl and District RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Llanelli Scarlets.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1996–97 Danish Superliga",
"paragraph_text": "The 1996–97 Danish Superliga season was the 7th season of the Danish Superliga league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from the first match on July 28, 1996, to final match on June 15, 1997.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What does the acronym of the organization Danish Football Union is part of stand for? | [
{
"id": 511176,
"question": "Danish Football Union >> member of",
"answer": "FIFA",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 22458,
"question": "What does #1 stand for?",
"answer": "International Federation of Association Football",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | International Federation of Association Football | [
"FIFA"
] | true | What does the acronym of the organization Danish Football Union is part of stand for? |
3hop2__88342_93066_47738 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Roberto Clemente",
"paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Asher Wojciechowski",
"paragraph_text": "Randall Asher Wojciechowski (born December 21, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has played in MLB for the Houston Astros and Cincinnati Reds.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2003 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 -- 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21 -- 17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2017, this is the Marlins' last appearance not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2017 American League Championship Series",
"paragraph_text": "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Aaron Judge",
"paragraph_text": "The Yankees selected Judge in the first round of the 2013 MLB draft. After making his MLB debut in 2016 and hitting a home run in his first career at bat, Judge has had a record - breaking rookie year in 2017. He was named an All - Star and won the Home Run Derby. He broke the Yankees' record for home runs by a rookie (besting Joe DiMaggio's 29 with 30 before the All - Star break), while also breaking the MLB rookie record of reaching base 164 times before the All - Star break. He won the American League's (AL) Rookie of the Month Awards for April, May, and June 2017, as well as the AL's Player of the Month Award in June. Judge set a new MLB rookie record for home runs, surpassing Mark McGwire's total of 49.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Brandon Crawford",
"paragraph_text": "Brandon Michael Crawford (born January 21, 1987) is an American professional baseball shortstop for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was the sixth player in MLB history to hit a grand slam in his first Major League game, and is also the first shortstop to hit a grand slam in a Major League Baseball postseason game. Crawford played college baseball for the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he was twice named the team's Most Valuable Player (MVP).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lin Chih-chieh",
"paragraph_text": "Lin Chih-chieh (; born 11 June 1982 in Hualien County, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player of Amis descent. During his career with the Taiwan Beer club of the Super Basketball League (SBL), Lin has won one Regular Season most valuable player (MVP) award, two back-to-back Championship Series MVP awards, and two scoring champion titles. Dubbed \"The Beast\" (野獸) by local media, Lin is renowned for his ability to boost his team's morale by making sensational plays and is among the most beloved basketball players in Taiwan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Willie Mays",
"paragraph_text": "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "Tom Brady is the only player to have won four Super Bowl MVP awards; Joe Montana has won three and three others -- Starr, Terry Bradshaw, and Eli Manning -- have won the award twice. Starr and Bradshaw are the only ones to have won it in back - to - back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts. Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs of Super Bowl XII, the only time co-MVPs have been chosen. Including the Super Bowl XII co-MVPs, seven Cowboys players have won Super Bowl MVP awards, the most of any NFL team. Quarterbacks have earned the honor 29 times in 52 games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers",
"paragraph_text": "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Al Holland",
"paragraph_text": "Holland finished seventh in the National League Rookie of the Year voting for 1980 but his best season was with the Philadelphia Phillies in when he won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award and TSN Fireman of the Year Award while finishing in the top ten in voting for both the Cy Young Award and National League MVP. He then saved Game 1 of the 1983 National League Championship Series, and struck out three batters in two innings to finish Game 4, clinching the pennant for the Phillies. He also saved Game 1 of the 1983 World Series. In Game 3 of the World Series, Holland was pitching in the seventh inning when an error allowed the go-ahead run to score. Although Holland struck out four batters in the eighth and ninth innings, he and the Phillies lost in the last postseason game of his career. They then lost Games 4 and 5 as well to give the Baltimore Orioles the championship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jackie Robinson",
"paragraph_text": "Jackie Robinson Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1954 Second baseman Born: (1919 - 01 - 31) January 31, 1919 Cairo, Georgia Died: October 24, 1972 (1972 - 10 - 24) (aged 53) Stamford, Connecticut Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 15, 1947, for the Brooklyn Dodgers Last MLB appearance October 10, 1956, for the Brooklyn Dodgers MLB statistics Batting average. 311 Home runs 137 Runs batted in 734 Teams Brooklyn Dodgers (1947 -- 1956) Career highlights and awards 6 × All - Star (1949 -- 1954) World Series champion (1955) NL MVP (1949) MLB Rookie of the Year (1947) NL batting champion (1949) 2 × NL stolen base leader (1947, 1949) Jersey number 42 retired by all MLB teams Major League Baseball All - Century Team Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1962 Vote 77.5% (first ballot)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Boston Red Sox",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Miguel Cabrera",
"paragraph_text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2017 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "During the off - season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A.J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The Yankees set a major league record by playing error - free ball for 18 consecutive games from May 14 to June 1, 2009. The Yankees finished first in the AL East. In the ALDS they defeated the Twins in a sweep before moving on to the ALCS where the Yankees defeated Angels in six games. They defeated the defending champions, the Philadelphia Phillies, in Game 6 of the World Series 7 -- 3, to take the series 4 -- 2, their 27th World Series title.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Roberto Clemente",
"paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2016 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the team that won the AL East in 2017 last play in the event after which the MLB MVP is awarded? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 93066,
"question": "who won the american league east in 2017",
"answer": "The Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 47738,
"question": "when did the #2 last play in #1",
"answer": "the 2009 season",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | the 2009 season | [] | true | When did the team that won the AL East in 2017 last play in the event after which the MLB MVP is awarded? |
4hop1__158877_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Miner's Curse",
"paragraph_text": "The Miner's Curse, or the Bush Wedding is a 1911 Australian silent film directed by Alfred Rolfe set during the Australian Gold Rush.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kathmandu",
"paragraph_text": "Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Goldstream River (Vancouver Island)",
"paragraph_text": "The Goldstream River (Saanich: sʔə́ləq̕ʷtəɬ) is a river northwest of Victoria on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada . The river's name derives from a small gold rush in its basin during the 1860s, and was originally Gold Stream.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Australian gold rushes",
"paragraph_text": "The first gold rush in Australia began in May 1851 after prospector Edward Hargraves claimed to have discovered payable gold near Orange, at a site he called Ophir. Hargraves had been to the Californian goldfields and had learned new gold prospecting techniques such as panning and cradling. Hargraves was offered rewards by the Colony of New South Wales and the Colony of Victoria. Before the end of the year, the gold rush had spread to many other parts of the state where gold had been found, not just to the west, but also to the south and north of Sydney.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "The California Gold Rush (1848 -- 1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory to the home state of the first nominee for the Republican Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "John Kerry",
"paragraph_text": "In a speech before the Organization of American States in November 2013, Kerry remarked that the era of the Monroe Doctrine was over. He went on to explain, \"The relationship that we seek and that we have worked hard to foster is not about a United States declaration about how and when it will intervene in the affairs of other American states. It's about all of our countries viewing one another as equals, sharing responsibilities, cooperating on security issues, and adhering not to doctrine, but to the decisions that we make as partners to advance the values and the interests that we share.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Soulsbyville, California",
"paragraph_text": "Soulsbyville is an unincorporated census-designated place in Tuolumne County, California, United States. The population was 2,215 at the 2010 census, up from 1,729 at the 2000 census. Formerly a California Gold Rush town, Soulsbyville is now registered as a California Historical Landmark.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Notogawa, Shiga",
"paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Grand Forks, Yukon",
"paragraph_text": "Grand Forks is a ghost town and former community at the confluence of Bonanza Creek and Eldorado Creek in Yukon. First settled about 1896, it became the second-largest settlement in the Klondike. With approximately 10,000 people lived in or by Grand Forks during the Klondike Gold Rush, it was the only community besides Dawson City to have a municipal government. The Grand Forks Hotel was a roadhouse here during the gold rush.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Thereafter, growth was exponential and by 1865, Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Borders of China",
"paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Emory Creek Provincial Park",
"paragraph_text": "Emory Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the Fraser River just south of the town of Yale. It commemorates the location of a large boomtown, variously known as Emory, Emory Bar or Emory City, that first rose during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush but became a major construction town during the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": "The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Baskin-Robbins",
"paragraph_text": "Baskin-Robbins is an American chain of ice cream and cake specialty shop restaurants. Based in Canton, Massachusetts, it was founded in 1945 by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in Glendale, California. It claims to be the world's largest chain of ice cream specialty stores, with 7,500 locations, including nearly 2,500 shops in the United States and over 5,000 in other countries as of December 28, 2013. Baskin-Robbins sells ice cream in nearly 50 countries.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": "Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "KaleidoScoops",
"paragraph_text": "KaleidoScoops is an American chain of ice cream shops. It was founded in 1999 by a co-operative of former Baskin-Robbins franchisees after the termination of their franchises. The chain comprises more than sixty locations in twenty states throughout the U.S.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Atlantic City, Wyoming",
"paragraph_text": "Atlantic City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. The community is a small mining settlement in a gulch near South Pass in southwestern Wyoming. It was founded as a mining camp following the 1867 gold rush in the region. The town declined following the end of the placer gold rush in the early 1870s, but continued to exist as advances in mining technology allowed further extraction of gold. From the 1960s until 1983, it was the location of US Steel iron ore mine. The town is accessible by gravel roads from nearby Wyoming Highway 28.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Gold mining in Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "On June 22, 1850, a wagon train bound for California crossed the South Platte River just north of the confluence with Clear Creek, and followed Clear Creek west for six miles. Lewis Ralston dipped his gold pan in a stream flowing into Clear Creek, and found almost $5 in gold (about a quarter of a troy ounce) in his first pan. John Lowery Brown, who kept a diary of the party's journey from Georgia to California, wrote on that day: ``Lay bye. Gold found. ''In a notation above the entry, he wrote,`` We called this Ralston's Creek because a man of that name found gold here.'' Ralston continued on to California, but returned to 'Ralston's Creek' with the Green Russell party eight years later. Members of this party founded Auraria (later absorbed into Denver City) in 1858 and touched off the gold rush to the Rockies. The confluence of Clear Creek and Ralston Creek, the site of Colorado's first gold discovery is now in Arvada, Colorado.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "When You Dance I Can Really Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"When You Dance I Can Really Love\" is the ninth track on Neil Young's 1970 album \"After the Gold Rush\". It was written by Young.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What shares a border with the city where the person who went to the state where Baskin-Robbins was founded during the gold rush works? | [
{
"id": 158877,
"question": "In which state was Baskin-Robbins founded?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What shares a border with the city where the person who went to the state where Baskin-Robbins was founded during the gold rush works? |
3hop1__818422_160545_34751 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "The 2008 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifteenth round of the 2008 MotoGP Championship. It took place on the weekend of 26–28 September 2008 at the Twin Ring Motegi, located in Motegi, Japan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Athanasius of Alexandria",
"paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "NHK Hall",
"paragraph_text": "The NHK Hall is a concert hall located at the NHK Broadcasting Center, the main headquarters of Japan's public broadcaster NHK. The hall is the main venue for the NHK Symphony Orchestra, but it has also played host to other events, such as the 1979 Japan Music Awards, and NHK's annual New Year's Eve special \"Kōhaku Uta Gassen\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Napoleon",
"paragraph_text": "Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with France, calling France \"our sincere and natural ally.\" That decision brought the Ottoman Empire into a losing war against Russia and Britain. A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance. In the end, Napoleon had made no effective alliances in the Middle East.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Yabakei",
"paragraph_text": "The gorge of is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty spanning the municipalities of Kusu and Nakatsu in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Located within Yaba-Hita-Hikosan Quasi-National Park, it was selected as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan during the Shōwa era.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Folk Nation",
"paragraph_text": "The Folk Nation was formed on November 11, 1978, within the confines of the Illinois Department of Corrections. Larry Hoover, the chairman of the Gangster Disciple Nation, created the idea for the alliance and persuaded many leaders of large Black, White, and Latino gangs from Chicago to join. Soon after its formation, the People Nation was formed to counter the Folks alliance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Southern Football League",
"paragraph_text": "For the 1979–80 season, thirteen Premier Division clubs joined the newly formed Alliance Premier League. The Premier Division and Division One were subsequently merged, and two regional divisions formed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2012 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "The 2012 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifteenth round of the 2012 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 12–14 October 2012 at the Twin Ring Motegi, located in Motegi, Japan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Beatrice Heuser",
"paragraph_text": "Beatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She holds the chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of \"splendid isolation\". Germany was rapidly rising as a military and industrial power and was now seen as the most likely opponent in any future war. Recognising that it was overstretched in the Pacific and threatened at home by the Imperial German Navy, Britain formed an alliance with Japan in 1902 and with its old enemies France and Russia in 1904 and 1907, respectively.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Untitled (The Birth)",
"paragraph_text": "Untitled (The Birth) is a 1938 tempera painting by American artist Jacob Lawrence, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Depicting a scene of childbirth in flat, geometric forms and bright colors, it is very much a product of the Harlem Renaissance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance",
"paragraph_text": "Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance is an alliance of eight prestigious universities located in east China. It was established in 2005.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": "The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier. Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jewish Workers Bund in Poland",
"paragraph_text": "The Jewish Workers Bund in Poland was a short-lived alliance formed in January 1897, formed by the Jewish section of the Polish Socialist Party (consisting of ex-yeshiva students) and the Vilna-based Jewish Social Democratic group (which since the summer of 1895 had sent agitators to Warsaw, including John Mill, to establish their movement there). But the alliance soon fell apart, as the PPS Jewish section accused the Jewish Social Democrats of indifference to the Polish national question. The Jewish Social Democrats founded the General Jewish Labour Bund later the same year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mali",
"paragraph_text": "In 2007, about 48 percent of Malians were younger than 12 years old, 49 percent were 15–64 years old, and 3 percent were 65 and older. The median age was 15.9 years. The birth rate in 2014 is 45.53 births per 1,000, and the total fertility rate (in 2012) was 6.4 children per woman. The death rate in 2007 was 16.5 deaths per 1,000. Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females). Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality, with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Heuser Nunatak",
"paragraph_text": "Heuser Nunatak () is a small nunatak that lies south of Mount Phelan and marks the southern extremity of the Emlen Peaks in the Usarp Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The nunatak was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Charles M. Heuser, a former biological laboratory technician operating at McMurdo Station during 1966–67. This topographical feature lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Napoleon",
"paragraph_text": "Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection, Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise, who was 18 years old at the time. On 20 March 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy, whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome. His son never actually ruled the empire, but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": "Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Pledge of Allegiance",
"paragraph_text": "In 1923, the National Flag Conference called for the words ``my Flag ''to be changed to`` the Flag of the United States,'' so that new immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words ``of America ''were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kawasaki disease",
"paragraph_text": "Currently, Kawasaki disease is the most commonly diagnosed pediatric vasculitis in the world. By far, the highest incidence of Kawasaki disease occurs in Japan, with the most recent study placing the attack rate at 218.6 per 100,000 children <5 years of age (about one in 450 children). At this present attack rate, more than one in 150 children in Japan will develop Kawasaki disease during their lifetimes.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What year did the country where the place of birth of Beatrice Heuser is located form an alliance with Japan? | [
{
"id": 818422,
"question": "Beatrice Heuser >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 34751,
"question": "What year did #2 form an alliance with Japan?",
"answer": "1941",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 1941 | [] | true | What year did the country where the place of birth of Beatrice Heuser is located form an alliance with Japan? |
4hop3__160230_470287_345497_72134 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Capital punishment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating \"The death penalty shall not exist\", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Springfield, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Samar National School",
"paragraph_text": "Samar National School (SNS) is the mother school of the province of Samar, under the Catbalogan City Division, Philippines located in its capital city, Catbalogan that was founded in 1904.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "States of Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "British Togoland",
"paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)",
"paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Taito Kantonen",
"paragraph_text": "Taito A. Kantonen (24 April 1900 in Karstula, Finland – 26 April 1993 in Springfield, Ohio, United States) was a theologian. At the age of 3 he moved to the United States, where he later attended Harvard University and received a degree in theology. He wrote many books including \"Man in the Eyes of God\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries",
"paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory",
"paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Australia",
"paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Alma mater",
"paragraph_text": "Before its current usage, alma mater was an honorific title for various Latin mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and later in Catholicism for the Virgin Mary. It entered academic usage when the University of Bologna adopted the motto Alma Mater Studiorum (\"nurturing mother of studies\"), which describes its heritage as the oldest operating university in the Western world. It is related to alumnus, a term used for a university graduate that literally means a \"nursling\" or \"one who is nourished\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Changa, Pakistan",
"paragraph_text": "Changa is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 19' 20N 73° 22' 55E with an altitude of 495 metres (1627 feet).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)",
"paragraph_text": "The Alma Mater is a bronze statue by sculptor Lorado Taft, a beloved symbol of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The 10,000-pound statue depicts a mother-figure wearing academic robes and flanked by two attendant figures representing \"Learning\" and \"Labor\", after the University's motto \"Learning and Labor.\" Sited at the corner of Green and Wright Streets at the heart of the campus, the statue is an iconic figure for the university and a popular backdrop for student graduation photos. It is appreciated for its romantic, heraldic overtones and warmth of pose. The statue was removed from its site at the entrance to the university for restoration in 2012 and was returned to its site in the spring of 2014.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ray Tracers",
"paragraph_text": "Ray Tracers is an arcade-style auto racing and combat video game released by Taito Corporation in 1997 for Sony's PlayStation game console. It has often been likened to Taito's own \"Chase H.Q.\", a 1988 game which was by then considered an arcade classic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Minsk Region",
"paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Teela",
"paragraph_text": "Teela Masters of the Universe character Teela as she appears in the 1980s version of He - Man and the Masters of the Universe. Created by Mattel Portrayed by Chelsea Field (1987) Voiced by Linda Gary (1983 -- 1985) Cathy Weseluck (1990) Lisa Ann Beley (2002 -- 2004) Information Species Eternian (as Teela) Goddess (as the Sorceress of Castle Grayskull) Gender Female Occupation Captain of the Royal Guard Title Warrior Goddess Spouse (s) He - Man Children Dare (son) Relatives Sorceress of Castle Grayskull (mother) Man - At - Arms (foster - father) Nationality Eternian",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Port Blair",
"paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "One-to-many (data model)",
"paragraph_text": "In systems analysis, a one - to - many relationship is a type of cardinality that refers to the relationship between two entities (see also entity -- relationship model) A and B in which an element of A may be linked to many elements of B, but a member of B is linked to only one element of A. For instance, think of A as mothers, and B as children. A mother can have several children, but a child can have only one biological mother.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Koothanur",
"paragraph_text": "Koothanur is a town situated in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located at a distance of 25 kilometres from Tiruvarur. A temple for Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning is situated in this place. Koothanur is the only temple in Tamil Nadu for the goddess Saraswati. Saraswati is considered as the goddess of knowledge so people believe that if they worship this deity they will become good in knowledge.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the death city of Taito Kantonen become the capital of the US state having the statue being the title of the various Latin Mother goddess? | [
{
"id": 160230,
"question": "what was the title of the various Latin Mother goddess?",
"answer": "alma mater",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 470287,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 345497,
"question": "Taito Kantonen >> place of death",
"answer": "Springfield",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 72134,
"question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2",
"answer": "1839",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1839 | [] | true | When did the death city of Taito Kantonen become the capital of the US state having the statue being the title of the various Latin Mother goddess? |
3hop1__145411_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Decolonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence",
"paragraph_text": "The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ``United States of America, ''and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. The signers' names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Football for Friendship",
"paragraph_text": "Football for Friendship (Russian: ФУТБОЛ ДЛЯ ДРУЖБЫ) is an annual International Children’s Social Programme implemented by Gazprom Company. The aim of the programme is to cultivate respect for different cultures and nationalities in children from different countries through football, to promote essential values and interest in a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation. Within the framework of the programme , football players at the age of 12 from different countries take part in the annual International Football for Friendship Childrens Forum, Football for Friendship World Championship, International Day of Football and Friendship The programme is supported by FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic and Paralympic Committees, governments and football federations of different countries, international charities, public organizations, leading football clubs of the planet. The global operator of the programme is AGT Communications Group (Russia).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Independence Day (United States)",
"paragraph_text": "Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President in a row who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Leaders of the Vietnam War",
"paragraph_text": "He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says ``All men are created equal... ''Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Estonian language",
"paragraph_text": "After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "A presentation tablet, also bearing Bartholdi's name, declares the statue is a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors \"the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Texas Declaration of Independence",
"paragraph_text": "Texas Declaration of Independence 1836 facsimile of the Texas Declaration of Independence Created March 2, 1836 Ratified March 3, 1836 Location Engrossed copy: Texas State Library and Archives Commission Signatories 60 delegates to the Consultation Purpose To announce and explain separation from Mexico",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Zeferino Martins",
"paragraph_text": "Zeferino Martins, also known as Ze Martins (born September 5, 1985) is an East Timorese footballer who plays as midfielder for Ad. Dili Oeste and the Timor-Leste national team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of island countries",
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": "Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Crisp, Texas",
"paragraph_text": "Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Independent agencies of the United States government",
"paragraph_text": "While most executive agencies have a single director, administrator, or secretary appointed by the President of the United States, independent agencies (in the narrower sense of being outside presidential control) almost always have a commission, board, or similar collegial body consisting of five to seven members who share power over the agency. (This is why many independent agencies include the word ``Commission ''or`` Board'' in their name.) The president appoints the commissioners or board members, subject to Senate confirmation, but they often serve terms that are staggered and longer than a four - year presidential term, meaning that most presidents will not have the opportunity to appoint all the commissioners of a given independent agency. The president can normally designate which commissioner will serve as the chairperson. Normally there are statutory provisions limiting the president's authority to remove commissioners, typically for incapacity, neglect of duty, malfeasance, or other good cause. In addition, most independent agencies have a statutory requirement of bipartisan membership on the commission, so the president can not simply fill vacancies with members of his own political party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "All men are created equal",
"paragraph_text": "In 1776 the Second Continental Congress asked Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman to write the Declaration of Independence. This Committee of Five voted to have Thomas Jefferson write the document. After Jefferson finished he gave the document to Franklin to proof. Franklin suggested minor changes, and one of them stands out far more than the others. Jefferson had written, ``We hold these truths to be sacred and un-deniable... ''Franklin changed it to,`` We hold these truths to be self - evident.''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Decolonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. From this emerged Napoleon Bonaparte as French ruler, whose armies set out to conquer Europe, including Spain and Portugal in 1808. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sumardi",
"paragraph_text": "Sumardi (born June 26, 1972) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Mitra Kukar F.C. in the Indonesia Super League.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Sumardi was born? | [
{
"id": 145411,
"question": "Which city was the birthplace of Sumardi?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Sumardi was born? |
2hop__207597_63853 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Arado River",
"paragraph_text": "Arado (plow) River in the north of Portugal. The river's source is the Gerês Mountain, and the mouth cascades into the Fafião river, (41°42'10.88\"N; 8° 6'33.50\"W), Fafião place, Cabril village, Montalegre municipality. From Arado cascate (41°43'25.53\"N; 8° 7'46.98\"W) till the mouth, runs .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bolshaya Lyampa",
"paragraph_text": "Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "River Yare",
"paragraph_text": "Yare River The river at Thorpe Green, Norwich Country England Region Norfolk Part of River Wensum Source - location west of Shipdham - elevation 79 m (259 ft) - coordinates 52 ° 37 ′ 11 ''N 0 ° 50 ′ 19'' E / 52.6196 ° N 0.8386 ° E / 52.6196; 0.8386 Mouth Breydon Water - location Burgh Castle - elevation 0 m (0 ft) - coordinates 52 ° 35 ′ 17 ''N 1 ° 38 ′ 33'' E / 52.58798 ° N 1.64262 ° E / 52.58798; 1.64262 Coordinates: 52 ° 35 ′ 17 ''N 1 ° 38 ′ 33'' E / 52.58798 ° N 1.64262 ° E / 52.58798; 1.64262 Length 83.5 km (52 mi) Location of the river mouth within Norfolk",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Doghole River",
"paragraph_text": "The Doghole River is a river in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is part of the James Bay drainage basin. It flows from Doghole Lake, where the outlet is part of the Mishkeegogamang First Nation Osnaburgh Indian Reserve No. 63B, to the northeast shore of Lake St. Joseph; oddly, the mouth is not on Doghole Bay, adjacent to the east. Lake St. Joseph is the source of the Albany River, which flows to James Bay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Orange River",
"paragraph_text": "Orange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Rufiji River",
"paragraph_text": "The Rufiji River lies entirely within Tanzania. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania and its mouth on the Indian Ocean at a point between Mafia Island called Mafia Channel. Its principal tributary is the Great Ruaha River. It is navigable for about 100 kilometres (62 mi).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lansdowne River",
"paragraph_text": "Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ohlanga River",
"paragraph_text": "The Ohlanga River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which empties into the Indian Ocean just north of Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, north of Durban. The river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the Mdloti River. Presently this river is part of the Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Maryland River",
"paragraph_text": "Maryland River is a watercourse of the Clarence River catchment in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Its upper reaches run close to the border between New South Wales and Queensland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Little River (Wingecarribee)",
"paragraph_text": "The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Still Fork",
"paragraph_text": "Still Fork is a tributary of the Sandy Creek, long, in eastern Ohio in the United States. Via the Sandy Creek, Tuscarawas, Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of in Carroll County, Ohio. The source is at and the mouth is at ., with an average gradient of only 0.2%. From its source in eastern Carroll County the creek flows northwest through Fox, Washington, Augusta, and Brown Townships before reaching its mouth in Minerva, Ohio. The Ohi-Rail Corporation (OHIC) and Arbor road are situated in the creeks valley over most of its length.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mummel River",
"paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Doubtful Creek",
"paragraph_text": "Doubtful Creek, formerly known as Doubtful River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains district of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "James Alexander, 1st Earl of Caledon",
"paragraph_text": "James Alexander, 1st Earl of Caledon (1730 – 22 March 1802) was an Irish landlord, merchant, politician and peer of the realm. The second son of Alderman Nathaniel Alexander of Derry, he was the effective founder of the Caledon family, and certainly the founder of its fortune.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Visherka River",
"paragraph_text": "Visherka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Kolva River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers . It flows out of lake Chusovskoe in the north of the Cherdynsky District near its border with the Komi Republic. Its mouth is upstream of the uninhabited village of Bogatyryovo, from the mouth of the Kolva River. Its most significant tributaries are:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bardwell Creek",
"paragraph_text": "Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Loimijoki",
"paragraph_text": "The river Loimijoki is a river in Finland and the longest tributary of the river Kokemäenjoki. The river originates at the lake Pyhäjärvi in Tammela and joins the river Kokemäenjoki in Huittinen. There is a difference in elevation between the source and the mouth of the river, which is long. The river drains a catchment area of . The river has several dams at Forssa, Jokioinen and Loimaa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Upper Orange Water Management Area",
"paragraph_text": "Upper Orange WMA, or Upper Orange Water Management Area (coded: 13), Includes the following major rivers: the Modder River, Riet River, Caledon River and Orange River, and covers the following Dams:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of crossings of the Kiskiminetas River",
"paragraph_text": "This is a complete list of bridges and dams that span the Kiskiminetas River from its confluence at the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna Creek to its mouth at the Allegheny River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Staaten River",
"paragraph_text": "The river rises of the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range approximately west of Cairns. The river flows generally northwest to the Staaten River National Park and then west, joined by eleven minor tributaries before reaching its mouth and emptying into the Gulf of Carpentaria. From source to mouth the river's waters overflow into intertwining lagoons that create an enormous wetland sanctuary for a vast array of unique wildlife and plants. When the rains of the wet season cease, the Staaten River retreats from the floodplains and wetlands and becomes little more than a thread trickling down wide sand banks and a string of important lagoon refuges. The river descends over its course.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the source of the river that is the mouth of the Caledon River? | [
{
"id": 207597,
"question": "Caledon River >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Orange River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 63853,
"question": "what is the source of #1",
"answer": "Thaba Putsoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Thaba Putsoa | [] | true | What is the source of the river that is the mouth of the Caledon River? |
2hop__77601_814677 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Iran",
"paragraph_text": "At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, all significant ancient population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the UAE and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Rape of Proserpina",
"paragraph_text": "The Rape of Proserpina () is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. Bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Greece",
"paragraph_text": "The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Wedding ring",
"paragraph_text": "The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "History of timekeeping devices",
"paragraph_text": "The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Exodus",
"paragraph_text": "The story of the Exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the Torah (also called the Pentateuch). It tells of the events that befell the Israelites following the death of Joseph, their departure from Egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at Sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of Canaan. The story begins with the Israelites in slavery in Egypt. Moses leads them out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh reveals himself and offers them a Covenant: they are to keep his torah (i.e. law, instruction), and in return he will be their God and give them the land of Canaan. The Book of Leviticus records the laws of God. The Book of Numbers tells how the Israelites, led now by their God, journey on from Sinai towards Canaan, but when their spies report that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on and Yahweh condemns them to remain in the desert until the generation that left Egypt passes away. After thirty - eight years at the oasis of Kadesh Barnea the next generation travel on to the borders of Canaan, where Moses addresses them for the final time and gives them further laws. The Exodus ends with the death of Moses on Mount Nebo and his burial by God, while the Israelites prepare for the conquest of the land.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mark Lehner",
"paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site—from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Elohim",
"paragraph_text": "The word Elohim occurs more than 2500 times in the Hebrew Bible, with meanings ranging from ``gods ''in a general sense (as in Exodus 12: 12, where it describes`` the gods of Egypt''), to specific gods (e.g., 1 Kings 11: 33, where it describes Chemosh ``the god of Moab '', or the frequent references to Yahweh as the`` elohim'' of Israel), to demons, seraphim, and other supernatural beings, to the spirits of the dead brought up at the behest of King Saul in 1 Samuel 28: 13, and even to kings and prophets (e.g., Exodus 4: 16). The phrase bene elohim, translated ``sons of the Gods '', has an exact parallel in Ugaritic and Phoenician texts, referring to the council of the gods.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "History of bread",
"paragraph_text": "There is extensive evidence of breadmaking in Ancient Egypt in the form of artistic depictions, remains of structures and items used in bread making, and remains of the dough and bread itself.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Greek mythology",
"paragraph_text": "According to Classical - era mythology, after the overthrow of the Titans, the new pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. Among the principal Greek gods were the Olympians, residing on Mount Olympus under the eye of Zeus. (The limitation of their number to twelve seems to have been a comparatively modern idea.) Besides the Olympians, the Greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, the satyr - god Pan, Nymphs (spirits of rivers), Naiads (who dwelled in springs), Dryads (who were spirits of the trees), Nereids (who inhabited the sea), river gods, Satyrs, and others. In addition, there were the dark powers of the underworld, such as the Erinyes (or Furies), said to pursue those guilty of crimes against blood - relatives. In order to honor the Ancient Greek pantheon, poets composed the Homeric Hymns (a group of thirty - three songs). Gregory Nagy regards ``the larger Homeric Hymns as simple preludes (compared with Theogony), each of which invokes one god ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Edward F. Wente",
"paragraph_text": "Edward Frank Wente (born 1930) is an American professor emeritus of Egyptology and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago. He received his Ph.D from the University of Chicago in 1959 and lectured there from 1963 to 1996. He is also a longstanding member of the Oriental Institute, Chicago. One of his major works is \"Letters from Ancient Egypt\" (1990), published by the Scholarly Press. In 1999 the Oriental Institute published a collection of essays by Egyptologists in honor of Edward Wente\" \"Gold of Praise: Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of Edward F. Wente\"\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers",
"paragraph_text": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)",
"paragraph_text": "Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired Bartholdi. Given the repressive nature of the regime of Napoleon III, Bartholdi took no immediate action on the idea except to discuss it with Laboulaye. Bartholdi was in any event busy with other possible projects; in the late 1860s, he approached Isma'il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, a plan to build Progress or Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia, a huge lighthouse in the form of an ancient Egyptian female fellah or peasant, robed and holding a torch aloft, at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal in Port Said. Sketches and models were made of the proposed work, though it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over 100 feet (30 m) high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Romance of the Underworld",
"paragraph_text": "Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called \"A Romance of the Underworld\" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as \"A Romance of the Underworld\" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "An-Nekhel Fortress",
"paragraph_text": "The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Osiris",
"paragraph_text": "Osiris (/ oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from Egyptian wsjr, Coptic ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ) is an Egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. He was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. Osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god Geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god Ra, and the sky goddess Nut, as well as being brother and husband of Isis, with Horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. He was also associated with the epithet Khenti - Amentiu, meaning ``Foremost of the Westerners '', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called`` king of the living'': ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead ``the living ones ''. Through syncretism with Iah, he is also the god of the Moon.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Wedding ring",
"paragraph_text": "It is commonly believed that the first examples of wedding rings were found in ancient Egypt. Relics dating to 6,000 years ago, including papyrus scrolls, are evidence of the exchange of braided rings of hemp or reeds between spouses. Ancient Egypt considered the circle to be a symbol of eternity, and the ring served to signify the perpetual love of the spouses. This was also the origin of the custom of wearing the wedding ring on the ring finger of the left hand, because the ancient Egyptians believed that this finger enclosed a special vein that was connected directly to the heart, denominated in Latin the ``Vena amoris ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lake Manzala",
"paragraph_text": "Lake Manzala ( \"baḥīrat manzala\"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What pantheon is the God of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of? | [
{
"id": 77601,
"question": "who was the god of the underworld in ancient egypt",
"answer": "Osiris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 814677,
"question": "#1 >> part of",
"answer": "ancient Egyptian religion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | ancient Egyptian religion | [] | true | What pantheon is the God of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of? |
2hop__279729_20057 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "124 Ridge Street Gallery",
"paragraph_text": "The 124 Ridge Street Gallery was a collective gallery founded in New York's Lower East Side in 1985. Founding members were Susan Bachemin, Elizabeth Evers, Jane Fine, Matthew Harrison, Michael Kaniecki, Robert McGrath, Heidi Marben, Laurie Olinder, and Joe Vinson. Subsequent members included Amy Berniker, Ruth Pomerantz, Paul Rodriguez, Roger W. Sayre, Ann Shea, Paul Villinski and Carla Weisberg.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mount Goodwin",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Goodwin () is a rock peak that is the second most prominent summit in the Pirrit Hills of Antarctica. It was positioned by the U.S. Ellsworth–Byrd Traverse Party on December 10, 1958 and was named for Robert J. Goodwin, a glaciologist with the traverse party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Keith J. Gillespie",
"paragraph_text": "Keith J. Gillespie (born September 18, 1952) is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 47th District and was elected in 2002.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "J. Craig Gordon",
"paragraph_text": "J. Craig Gordon is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives, representing the 163rd district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "List of Alfalfa Club members",
"paragraph_text": "The Alfalfa Club, founded in 1913, is an exclusive social organization, based in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The Club's only function is the holding of an annual banquet in honor of the birthday of Civil War Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Its members are composed mostly of American politicians and influential members of the business community, and have included several Presidents of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Tiger's Trail",
"paragraph_text": "The Tiger's Trail is a 1919 American adventure film serial starring Ruth Roland, directed by Robert Ellis, Louis J. Gasnier and Paul Hurst. A \"fragmentary print\" from the serial survives.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Intellectual property",
"paragraph_text": "Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Robert J. Dennis",
"paragraph_text": "Robert J. Dennis graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he received a bachelor's degree, followed by a master's degree. He received a masters in business administration from the Harvard Business School.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Where the Trail Divides",
"paragraph_text": "Where the Trail Divides is a 1914 American Western silent film directed by James Neill and written by William Otis Lillibridge. The film stars Robert Edeson, Theodore Roberts, J. W. Johnston, Winifred Kingston, James Neill and Constance Adams. The film was released on October 12, 1914, by Paramount Pictures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Metallica",
"paragraph_text": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles, California, by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield, and has been based in San Francisco, California for most of its career. The group's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer. Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Gold nugget",
"paragraph_text": "The largest gold nugget ever found in California weighed 1,593 troy ounces (49.5 kg; 109.2 lb). It was found in August 1869 in Sierra Buttes by five partners -- W.A. Farish, A. Wood, J. Winstead, F.N.L. Clevering and Harry Warner.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Ian Fleming",
"paragraph_text": "Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. His mother was Evelyn (\"\" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Robert Searcy",
"paragraph_text": "Robert J. Searcy (1921 – September 17, 2009) was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, a group of African American military personnel who served with distinction during World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group of the US Army Air Corps. After the war, Searcy lived in Los Angeles, California. He died of colorectal cancer in September 2009 at age 88.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Robert J. Waldinger",
"paragraph_text": "Robert J. Waldinger (born 1951) is an American psychiatrist and Professor at Harvard Medical School. He is known for a TED talk about his findings from the Grant Study, a 75-year-long Harvard study on adult happiness.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The South Carolina Review",
"paragraph_text": "The South Carolina Review is a literary journal published by Clemson University. It was founded in 1968 as Furman Studies, edited by Professor Al Reid at Furman University and moved to Clemson in 1973, where it was initially co-edited by Richard J. Calhoun and Robert W. Hill. Early Managing editors were G. William Koon, Carol Johnston, and Frank Day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Stephen J. Roberts",
"paragraph_text": "Stephen J. Roberts (1915–2005), also known as \"Doc Roberts\", was an American veterinarian, Professor at Cornell University, polo player and coach.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Robert J. Richards",
"paragraph_text": "Robert J. Richards (born 1942) is an author and the Morris Fishbein Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago. He has written or edited seven books about the history of science as well as dozens of articles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Career of Evil",
"paragraph_text": "Career of Evil is a 2015 crime fiction novel by J. K. Rowling, published under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. It is the third novel in the \"Cormoran Strike\" series of detective novels and is followed by \"Lethal White\" in 2018.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Robert J. Chassell",
"paragraph_text": "Robert \"Bob\" Chassell was one of the founding directors of Free Software Foundation (FSF) in 1985. While on the Board of Directors, Chassell was also the treasurer for FSF. He left the FSF to become a full-time speaker on free software topics. Bob was born on 22 August 1946, in Bennington, VT. He was diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in 2010, and died as a result on 30 June 2017.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Leroy F. Aarons",
"paragraph_text": "Leroy \"Roy\" F. Aarons (December 8, 1933 – November 28, 2004) was an American journalist, editor, author, playwright, founder of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA), and founding member of the Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education. In 2005 he was inducted into the NLGJA Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who founded what Robert J Chassell is a member of? | [
{
"id": 279729,
"question": "Robert J. Chassell >> member of",
"answer": "Free Software Foundation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 20057,
"question": "Who founded #1 ?",
"answer": "Richard Stallman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Richard Stallman | [] | true | Who founded what Robert J Chassell is a member of? |
3hop1__831499_228453_10972 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Colt Python",
"paragraph_text": "The Colt Python is a .357 Magnum caliber revolver formerly manufactured by Colt's Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut. It is sometimes referred to as a \"Combat Magnum\". It was first introduced in 1955, the same year as Smith & Wesson's M29 .44 Magnum. Now discontinued, the Colt Python was intended for the premium revolver market segment. Some firearm collectors and writers such as Jeff Cooper, Ian V. Hogg, Chuck Hawks, Leroy Thompson, Scott Wolber, Renee Smeets and Martin Dougherty have described the Python as the finest production revolver ever made.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Peta-Kaye Croft",
"paragraph_text": "Peta-Kaye Croft (born 5 August 1972 in Mount Isa) is an Australian Labor Party politician who represented the seat of Broadwater in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland. She entered Parliament at the 2001 election by defeating Allan Grice. She was defeated at the 2012 election by Verity Barton.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2017 Cincinnati mayoral election",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the May 2 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John Cranley won re-election to a second term.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "James Hannell",
"paragraph_text": "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ten High",
"paragraph_text": "Ten High is a brand of American whiskey first introduced in the 1930s by Hiram Walker & Sons, now produced by the Barton Brands division of the Sazerac Company. The name \"Ten High\" refers to a barrel storage location at least ten ricks high, as barrels in the upper part of the aging warehouse mature faster. Although the brand name evoked this storage method, the manufacturer did not actually promise that the brand was from barrels aged in such locations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Barton Government",
"paragraph_text": "The Barton Government was the first federal Executive Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Sir Edmund Barton, from 1 January 1901 until 24 September 1903, when Barton resigned to become one of the three founding judges of the High Court of Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sazerac",
"paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": "Since 1897, the seat of the government has been the Hamburg Rathaus (Hamburg City Hall), with the office of the mayor, the meeting room for the Senate and the floor for the Hamburg Parliament. From 2001 until 2010, the mayor of Hamburg was Ole von Beust, who governed in Germany's first statewide \"black-green\" coalition, consisting of the conservative CDU and the alternative GAL, which are Hamburg's regional wing of the Alliance 90/The Greens party. Von Beust was briefly succeeded by Christoph Ahlhaus in 2010, but the coalition broke apart on November, 28. 2010. On 7 March 2011 Olaf Scholz (SPD) became mayor. After the 2015 election the SPD and the Alliance 90/The Greens formed a coalition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dunbar Hospital",
"paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Auckland",
"paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2013 Dunedin mayoral election",
"paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 12 October 2013 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off eight challengers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Raeanne Presley",
"paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Barton Premium Blend",
"paragraph_text": "Barton Premium is a Kentucky Blended whiskey produced in Bardstown, Kentucky by the Sazerac Company at its Barton 1792 Distillery. It is sold in glass in 16 oz pint bottles, glass 750ml bottles, glass 1-liter bottles and plastic 1.75L bottles.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "In 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Richmond City Council. As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today. Following Prince's election, Reverend Gwendolyn Hedgepeth and the Reverend Leonidas Young, former Richmond Mayor were elected to public office. Prior to Prince's election black clergy made political endorsements and served as appointees to the Richmond School Board and other boards throughout the city. Today religion and politics continues to thrive in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Honorable Dwight C. Jones, a prominent Baptist pastor and former Chairman of the Richmond School Board and Member of the Virginia House of Delegates serves as Mayor of the City of Richmond.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election",
"paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "E. Denise Simmons",
"paragraph_text": "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the city where the headquarters of Barton Premium Blend's manufacturer is located elect its first black mayor? | [
{
"id": 831499,
"question": "Barton Premium Blend >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Sazerac Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 228453,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 10972,
"question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?",
"answer": "1970s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 1970s | [] | true | When did the city where the headquarters of Barton Premium Blend's manufacturer is located elect its first black mayor? |
2hop__40485_40502 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Aysel Taş",
"paragraph_text": "Aysel Taş (born 21 October 1964), née Aysel Shevkedova (), is a female javelin thrower from Bulgaria with Turkish ethnicity, who competed for Turkey after her emigration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "William Greer Harrison",
"paragraph_text": "William Greer Harrison was born in County Donegal, Ireland in 1836. He spent his early manhood in New Zealand and afterwards emigrated to San Francisco, United States in the 1870s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Harare North",
"paragraph_text": "After a decade of emigration, Zimbabweans now refer to London as Harare North. The novel being political, the title alludes to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Donner Memorial State Park",
"paragraph_text": "Donner Memorial State Park is a state park of California, US, preserving the site of the Donner Camp, where members of the ill-fated Donner Party were trapped by weather during the winter of 1846–1847. Caught without shelter or adequate supplies, members of the group resorted to cannibalism to survive. The Sierra Nevada site has been designated a National Historic Landmark. The state park contains the Emigrant Trail Museum and the Pioneer Monument dedicated to the travelers of the Emigrant Trail.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": "During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of \"Saints\" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since \"Saints\" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom became intellectuals, doctors and business leaders in Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa. Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies, where they settled in New York and Virginia, especially. The English welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Those Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics and were called \"new converts\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Franc Joubin",
"paragraph_text": "Born in San Francisco, California to parents of French descent, his family emigrated to Canada when he was three years old.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Greeks",
"paragraph_text": "Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, and a temporary decline in fertility. After the ethnic cleansing of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974, there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving, especially for the Middle East, which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s. Today more than two-thirds of the Greek population in Cyprus is urban.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "During the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919–1980) and Ronald Robinson (1920–1999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism. They claim that European imperialism was influential, and Europeans rejected the notion that \"imperialism\" required formal, legal control by one government over another country. \"In their view, historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red. The bulk of British emigration, trade, and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire. Key to their thinking is the idea of empire 'informally if possible and formally if necessary.'\"[attribution needed] Because of the resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Giovanni Sgro",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Seminara, Italy, Sgro emigrated to Australia in 1952. He was a painter and decorator. He was founding President of FILEF (Federation of Italian Migrant",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from \"emigration depots\" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—\"the Trail Where We Cried.\" The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase \"Trail of Tears\" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the \"Five Civilized Tribes\". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of the Puritans in North America",
"paragraph_text": "The Great Migration of Puritans to New England was primarily an exodus of families. Between 1630 and 1640, over 13,000 men, women, and children sailed to Massachusetts. The religious and political factors behind the Great Migration influenced the demographics of the emigrants. Groups of young men seeking economic success predominated the Virginia colonies, whereas Puritan ships were laden with ``ordinary ''people, old and young, families as well as individuals. Just a quarter of the emigrants were in their twenties when they boarded ship in the 1630s, making young adults a minority in New England settlements. The New World Puritan population was more of a cross section in age of English population than those of other colonies. This meant that the Massachusetts Bay Colony retained a relatively normal population composition. In the colony of Virginia, the ratio of colonist men to women was 4: 1 in early decades and at least 2: 1 in later decades, and only limited intermarriage took place with Indian women. By contrast, nearly half of the Puritan immigrants to the New World were women, and there was very little intermarriage with Indians. The majority of families who traveled to Massachusetts Bay were families in progress, with parents who were not yet through with their reproductive years and whose continued fertility made New England's population growth possible. The women who emigrated were critical agents in the success of the establishment and maintenance of the Puritan colonies in North America. Success in the early colonial economy depended largely on labor, which was conducted by members of Puritan families.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Tony Mulder",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Rotterdam in 1955, and his family emigrated to Australia in 1957. He studied political science at the University of Tasmania.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Alexander Gerschenkron",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Odessa, then part of the Russian Empire, Gerschenkron fled the country during the Russian Civil War in 1920 to Austria, where he attended the University of Vienna, earning a doctorate in 1928. After the Anschluss in 1938, he emigrated to the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Golaghat massacre",
"paragraph_text": "Golaghat massacre () was a massacre of the emigrating Marwaris and Hindus of Saidpur on the 13 June 1971, by the Urdu-speaking people of the area who had collaborated with the Pakistani occupation army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Maizières-lès-Metz",
"paragraph_text": "It was the original home of the now German de Maizière family which, being Huguenots, had to emigrate from France to Prussia in the 17th century. Preserving the name of their original home up to the present, prominent members of the family include Lothar de Maizière, last Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic, the politician Thomas de Maizière and the general Ulrich de Maizière.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called \"kef\" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the population of the European country the Huguenots felt kinship for emigration to before this emigration? | [
{
"id": 40485,
"question": "With what European country did the Huguenots feel kinship for emigration to?",
"answer": "Dutch Republic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 40502,
"question": "What was the population of #1 before this emigration?",
"answer": "2 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 2 million | [] | true | What was the population of the European country the Huguenots felt kinship for emigration to before this emigration? |
2hop__126299_396277 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Shrek 2",
"paragraph_text": "Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Flora Graeca",
"paragraph_text": "Flora Graeca was a publication of the plants of Greece in the late 18th century, resulting from a survey by John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer. The botanical descriptions and illustrations were to become highly valued by the English audience; the finely crafted and illustrated work was of both scientific and horticultural interest.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Doctor De Soto",
"paragraph_text": "Doctor De Soto is a picture book for children written and illustrated by William Steig and first published in 1982. It features a mouse-dentist who must help a fox with a toothache without being eaten.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tadeusz Gajl",
"paragraph_text": "Tadeusz Gajl (born 1940 in Vilnius, Poland) is a Lithuanian-born Polish artist and graphic designer, notable for his contemporary illustrations on the coats of arms borne by the historical nobility (\"szlachta\") of Poland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Shrek the Halls",
"paragraph_text": "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Harriet Morgan",
"paragraph_text": "Harriet Morgan (1830 – 16 August 1907) née Scott was one of 19th century Australia’s most prominent natural history illustrators and, along with her sister Helena Scott, was possibly one of the first professional female illustrators in Australia. The sisters were also highly skilled amateur naturalists and collectors, rare accomplishments for women of their time. They were most notable for their magnificent drawings of moths and butterflies for the publication of the first volume of their father Alexander Walker Scott’s work \"Australian Lepidoptera and Their Transformations\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Kung Fu Panda",
"paragraph_text": "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Shrek the Third",
"paragraph_text": "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Leonhard Beck",
"paragraph_text": "His most notable work came when he joined the stable of artists, most in Augsburg, used by Emperor Maximilian I for his series of self-propagandising projects in or with woodcut. He was the main designer for the heavily illustrated poem \"Theuerdank\" (1517), producing 77 of the 118 woodcuts, and apparently all the many adjustments Maximilian required for the second edition in 1519. In these, his style often contrasts painfully with those of the better artists whose work he was altering. He designed 126 blocks for \"Der Weisskunig\" and 7 for the \"Triumphal Procession\". He painted and drew a number of portraits, and designed woodcuts, mostly for book illustrations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Shrek (franchise)",
"paragraph_text": "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kim Deitch",
"paragraph_text": "The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Garth Williams",
"paragraph_text": "Garth Montgomery Williams (April 16, 1912 – May 8, 1996) was a well known American illustrator for children's book/literature from the 20th century. Williams is most notable for his illustrations in classic American children's books such as \"Charlotte's Web\". William's was inspired by his parents who were both artists of some kind as well. William's attended the Westminster School of Art and the Royal Academy in London where he received his training for articular crafts and drawing. He later had received the Prix de Rome which is a high-honor French scholarship for art students, and will allow those to live and study in the Italian capital of Rome free of expenses. He eventually moved back to his birth city in New York in October 1941 to continue his works and partnering with E.B. White. Many of the books he illustrated have become classics of American children's literature. A notable exception are the illustrations he created for an adult audience in 'A Room for the Night' by Pauline Leader, Vanguard Press, 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Owl Moon",
"paragraph_text": "Owl Moon is a 1987 children's picture book by Jane Yolen, illustrated by John Schoenherr. It won many awards, most notably being the Caldecott Medal for its illustrations, and has appeared on \"Reading Rainbow\" in the US. It has been translated into more than a dozen foreign languages, including French, German, Chinese, and Korean.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "List of Shrek characters",
"paragraph_text": "King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) was the king of Far Far Away, husband of Queen Lillian, father of Princess Fiona, and father in - law of Shrek.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Shrek",
"paragraph_text": "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall",
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall (September 12, 1861 – September 25, 1956) was an American painter and illustrator. She illustrated \"The Book of Cats\" (1903), \"The Book of Dogs\", \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\" (1927), and other books. She created illustrations for Henry Christopher McCook's \"American Spiders and their Spinningwork\". McCook credits her for making most of the illustrations for the volume. Bonsall also created illustrations for magazines. She won several awards for her works between 1885 and 1897.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Shrek!",
"paragraph_text": "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word שרעק, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Frederick Stuart Church",
"paragraph_text": "Frederick Stuart Church (1842–1924) was an American artist, working mainly as an illustrator and especially known for his (often allegorical) depiction of animals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Polar Express",
"paragraph_text": "The Polar Express is a children's book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now widely considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its detailed illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American children's picture book in 1986, his second.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The House at Pooh Corner",
"paragraph_text": "The House at Pooh Corner (1928) is the second volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, written by A. A. Milne and illustrated by E. H. Shepard. It is notable for the introduction of the character Tigger.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What other notable work did the person who illustrated Shrek work on? | [
{
"id": 126299,
"question": "Who was Shrek! illustrated by?",
"answer": "William Steig",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 396277,
"question": "#1 >> notable work",
"answer": "Doctor De Soto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Doctor De Soto | [] | true | What other notable work did the person who illustrated Shrek work on? |
2hop__91626_96912 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "George Saunders",
"paragraph_text": "George Saunders (born December 2, 1958) is an American writer of short stories, essays, novellas, children's books, and novels. His writing has appeared in The New Yorker, Harper's, McSweeney's, and GQ. He also contributed a weekly column, American Psyche, to the weekend magazine of The Guardian between 2006 and 2008.A professor at Syracuse University, Saunders won the National Magazine Award for fiction in 1994, 1996, 2000, and 2004, and second prize in the O. Henry Awards in 1997. His first story collection, CivilWarLand in Bad Decline, was a finalist for the 1996 PEN/Hemingway Award. In 2006 Saunders received a MacArthur Fellowship. In 2006 he won the World Fantasy Award for his short story \"CommComm\".His story collection In Persuasion Nation was a finalist for the Story Prize in 2007. In 2013, he won the PEN/Malamud Award and was a finalist for the National Book Award. Saunders's Tenth of December: Stories won the 2013 Story Prize for short-story collections and the inaugural (2014) Folio Prize. His novel Lincoln in the Bardo (Bloomsbury Publishing) won the 2017 Man Booker Prize.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences",
"paragraph_text": "The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank, the Swedish National Bank, on the bank's 300th anniversary. Although it is not one of the prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is referred to along with the other Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation. Laureates are announced with the other Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Adam Smith",
"paragraph_text": "Adam Smith FRSA (16 June (O.S. 5 June) 1723 -- 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith is best known for two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Camões Prize",
"paragraph_text": "The Camões Prize (Portuguese, \"Prémio Camões\", ), named after Luís de Camões, is the most important prize for literature in the Portuguese language. It is awarded annually by the Portuguese \"Direção-Geral do Livro, dos Arquivos e das Biblioteca\" (National Book, Archive an Libraries Department) and the Brazilian \"Fundação Biblioteca Nacional\" (National Library Foundation) to the author of an outstanding oeuvre of work written in Portuguese. The monetary award is of , making it among the richest literary prizes in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Foster Child",
"paragraph_text": "This National Film Board of Canada production received over 10 awards, including four Golden Sheaf Awards, a Special Jury Prize at the Banff Television Festival and a Gemini Award for best direction for a documentary program. It was broadcast on CBC's \"Man Alive\" series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Adam Smith Prize",
"paragraph_text": "The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Nobel Prize in Literature",
"paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish: den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here`` work'' refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nobel Prize in Literature",
"paragraph_text": "The laureate is also invited to give a lecture during ``Nobel Week ''in Stockholm; the highlight is the prize - giving ceremony and banquet on 10 December. It is the richest literary prize in the world by a large margin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Seth Rosenfeld",
"paragraph_text": "Seth Rosenfeld (born 1956) is an American journalist. He is the author of \"Subversives: The FBI's War on Student Radicals, and Reagan's Rise to Power\", published in hardback in 2012 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and in paperback in 2013 by Picador. \"Subversives\" was a New York Times best-seller and won the 2013 Ridenhour Prize for books; PEN Center USA's Literary Award for Research Nonfiction; the National Society of Professional Journalists' Sunshine Award; and the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Eton College",
"paragraph_text": "Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two papers in philosophical theology, moral theory and applied ethics. Also of note are the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize, awarded on the results of trials and AS-level examinations in C; and the Huxley Prize, awarded for a project on a scientific subject. Other specialist prizes include the Newcastle Classical Prize; the Rosebery Exhibition for History; the Queen’s Prizes for French and German; the Duke of Newcastle’s Russian Prize; the Beddington Spanish Prize; the Strafford and Bowman Shakespeare Prizes; the Tomline and Russell Prizes in Mathematics; the Sotheby Prize for History of Art; the Waddington Prize for Theology and Philosophy; the Birley Prize for History; The Lower Boy Rosebery Prize and the Wilder Prize for Theology. Prizes are awarded too for excellence in such activities as painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Her Third",
"paragraph_text": "\"Her Third\" won two National Prizes in 1972, a third class national prize for Egon Günther for Achievements in Directing and a second class national prize for Jutta Hoffmann for Achievements in Acting. The film was screened at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1972 and at the Venice Film Festival in 1972, where Jutta Hoffmann won an award for Best Actor in the category \"Venezia Critici\". \"Her Third\" was also chosen as East Germany's official submission to the 46th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Gyldendal's Endowment",
"paragraph_text": "Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of \"Bjørnson's collective works\" in 1932.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "British Isles",
"paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom and Ireland have separate media, although British television, newspapers and magazines are widely available in Ireland, giving people in Ireland a high level of familiarity with cultural matters in the United Kingdom. Irish newspapers are also available in the UK, and Irish state and private television is widely available in Northern Ireland.[citation needed] Certain reality TV shows have embraced the whole of the islands, for example The X Factor, seasons 3, 4 and 7 of which featured auditions in Dublin and were open to Irish voters, whilst the show previously known as Britain's Next Top Model became Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model in 2011. A few cultural events are organised for the island group as a whole. For example, the Costa Book Awards are awarded to authors resident in the UK or Ireland. The Man Booker Prize is awarded to authors from the Commonwealth of Nations and Ireland. The Mercury Music Prize is handed out every year to the best album from a British or Irish musician or group.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Wealth of Nations",
"paragraph_text": "The Wealth of Nations Author Adam Smith Country Scotland Language English Genre Economics, Philosophy Publisher W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London Publication date 1776",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Premio Nacional de Música",
"paragraph_text": "The Premio Nacional de Música (In English: National Award for Music, or National Music Prize) forms part of the annual National Awards in Spain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Corrections",
"paragraph_text": "The Corrections is a 2001 novel by American author Jonathan Franzen. It revolves around the troubles of an elderly Midwestern couple and their three adult children, tracing their lives from the mid-20th century to \"one last Christmas\" together near the turn of the millennium. The novel was awarded the National Book Award in 2001 and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 2002.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of Nobel laureates in Literature",
"paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Swedish Academy. The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme of France. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, Prudhomme received 150,782 SEK, which is equivalent to 8,823,637.78 SEK in January 2018. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Luis Alfredo Arango",
"paragraph_text": "Luis Alfredo Arango (1936 in Totonicapán, Guatemala – 3 November 2001) was a poet. In 1988 he was awarded the Guatemala National Prize in Literature.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sophie Prize",
"paragraph_text": "The Sophie Prize was an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000) awarded annually from 1998 to 2013. It was established in 1997 by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and his wife Siri Dannevig, and is named after Gaarder's novel \"Sophie's World\". It aimed to recognize individuals or organizations working with the environment and sustainable development. In 2013, representatives announced that the prize would not be awarded any longer due to a lack of funds.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Nobel Prize in Literature",
"paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who gives out the prize named after the author of The Wealth of Nations? | [
{
"id": 91626,
"question": "who is the author of the wealth of nations",
"answer": "Adam Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 96912,
"question": "Who gives out the #1 Prize award?",
"answer": "University of Cambridge",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | University of Cambridge | [
"Cambridge"
] | true | Who gives out the prize named after the author of The Wealth of Nations? |
3hop2__831456_467331_162182 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Port Said Governorate",
"paragraph_text": "Port Said Governorate ( \"\") is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal, making it the second most important harbor in Egypt. Its capital is the city of Port Said, and is the home of the Suez Canal Authority historical administrative building and the Lighthouse of Port Said.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kostroma region Museum of Nature",
"paragraph_text": "The Kostroma region Museum of Nature is a natural history museum located in Kostroma, Russia. The museum was founded in 1958 as a department of the Kostroma State Historical and Architectural Museum.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Forlanini (district of Milan)",
"paragraph_text": "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Enderta (woreda)",
"paragraph_text": "Enderta () is one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It was named for the former Enderta province, which was later merged into Tigray Province. Located in the Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian highlands Enderta is bordered on the south by Hintalo Wajirat, on the west by Samre, on the northwest by the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone, on the north by the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone, and on the east by the Afar Region; the city and special zone of Mek'ele is an enclave within Enderta. Towns in Enderta include Aynalem and Qwiha; the historic village of Chalacot is also located in this woreda.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Impression 5 Science Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Impression 5 Science Center, is a science museum located in downtown Lansing, Michigan. Formerly known as the \"Impression 5 Museum\", the center is located in a historic wagon works factory on the Grand River. The name, \"Impression 5\", refers to the five senses.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Berhale (woreda)",
"paragraph_text": "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language",
"paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle",
"paragraph_text": "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Base Borden Military Museum",
"paragraph_text": "Base Borden Military Museum is a military museum located on the grounds of CFB Borden, in Borden, Ontario, Canada. Combining four separate museums, it has numerous items, equipment and vehicles from all eras of Canadian military history, including a large number of historic armored vehicles and aircraft displayed outside in the Major-General F. F. Worthington Memorial Park and around the base.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bike, Ethiopia",
"paragraph_text": "Bike () is a town in central Ethiopia of the Somali Region in the Shinile Zone. It is located 72 km west of Shinile. The town is located on the main railway between Djibouti City and Addis Ababa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jeju (woreda)",
"paragraph_text": "Jeju is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Jeju is bordered by Dodotana Sire to the west, the Misraq Shewa Zone to the north, Merti to the east, and Sude to the south. Its administrative centre is Arboye, located 168 kilometres southeast of Addis Ababa. Other towns in this woreda include Bolo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "German military administration in occupied France during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Zec de la Bessonne",
"paragraph_text": "The Zec de la Bessonne is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting area) (ZEC) near La Tuque in administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. A territory of was assigned in 1978 to the Zec.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Zec Trinité",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Trinity is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the municipality of the town of Baie-Trinité, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord (North Shore), in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang",
"paragraph_text": "The Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Fort Vredeburg Museum",
"paragraph_text": "Fort Vredeburg Museum (Official Indonesian name, Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta), was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta. The military complex has been converted into an Independence Struggle Museum which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sa Thầy District",
"paragraph_text": "Sa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. This is a very mountainous district, with many hydro electric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 km². The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the region of the country of Sa Thầy and the territory of the Zone 5 Military Museam located? | [
{
"id": 831456,
"question": "Sa Thầy >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 467331,
"question": "Zone 5 Military Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | What is the region of the country of Sa Thầy and the territory of the Zone 5 Military Museam located? |
2hop__646573_83769 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Make Love, Not Warcraft",
"paragraph_text": "\"Make Love, Not Warcraft\" is the eighth episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 147th episode overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 4, 2006. In the episode, Cartman, Kyle, Stan, and Kenny enjoy playing the popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game \"World of Warcraft\". When a high level player goes around killing other players in the game, they start playing the game every day to try to stop him. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. In 2015, he and co-creator Matt Stone listed it as their third favorite episode of the series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "College of Southern Nevada",
"paragraph_text": "The College of Southern Nevada (CSN) is a public community college in Clark County, Nevada. The college has more than 2,500 teaching and non teaching staff and is the largest public college or university in Nevada. It is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Push, Nevada",
"paragraph_text": "Created by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bixbyite",
"paragraph_text": "Bixbyite was named for the American mineralogist Maynard Bixby (1853–1935), responsible for its discovery in 1897. It should not be confused with \"bixbite\", a red form of beryl; to avoid confusion, this name has been deprecated from the CIBJO and the IMA.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tony Amendola",
"paragraph_text": "Tony Amendola (born August 24, 1951) is an American actor who is best known for playing the Jaffa master Bra'tac in Stargate SG - 1. Amendola is also known for his recurring role as revolutionary leader Edouard Kagame of Liber8 in the television show Continuum. He is currently playing a character on ABC's Once Upon a Time as Pinocchio's creator / father, Geppetto.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Chester Bennington",
"paragraph_text": "Chester Charles Bennington (March 20, 1976 -- July 20, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He served as lead singer for the bands Linkin Park, Dead by Sunrise, Grey Daze, and Stone Temple Pilots. He was widely regarded as one of the top rock vocalists of the 2000s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Push It (Rick Ross song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Push It\" is the second single from rapper Rick Ross' debut album \"Port of Miami\". It samples \"Scarface (Push It to the Limit)\" (keeping with the theme of the album) and the story of the video has a very similar theme to the movie \"Scarface\". It was produced by J. R. Rotem.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Baldeep Singh",
"paragraph_text": "Baldeep Singh (born 17 August 1982) is an Indian footballer who plays for Air India as a Defender in I-League. He is often referred to as \"Baldeep Singh Senior\" to avoid confusion with another former JCT player Baldeep Singh \"Junior\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Matthew McConaughey",
"paragraph_text": "Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Chester Bennington",
"paragraph_text": "Chester Charles Bennington (March 20, 1976 -- July 20, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He served as lead singer for the bands Linkin Park, Dead by Sunrise, Grey Daze, and Stone Temple Pilots.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nevada Power Company",
"paragraph_text": "Nevada Power Company was a Las Vegas - based company that produced, distributed, and sold electricity in the southern part of the state of Nevada. In 2005, it had over 700,000 electric customers in parts of three Nevada counties -- a service area of more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 km). In 1998, Nevada Power merged with Nevada's other major utility, Sierra Pacific Resources. It continued as a subsidiary of Sierra Pacific until 2005, when the company changed its name to NV Energy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dazed and Confused (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Champion, California",
"paragraph_text": "Champion is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. It lay at an elevation of 2264 feet (690 m). Champion is located on the Deer Creek, west-southwest of Nevada City.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Christin Hinojosa",
"paragraph_text": "Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in \"Dazed and Confused\". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Push, Nevada",
"paragraph_text": "Push, Nevada is an American mystery television series set in the fictional town of Push, Nevada. It premiered on September 17, 2002 on ABC, and ran for 7 episodes before it became one of the first shows to be canceled during the Fall 2002 season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "My School Daze",
"paragraph_text": "My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Blue Whale Systems",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Whale Systems Ltd is a privately held company located in Chiswick, London, England. The company provides push email software for mobile phones and devices using open standards as well as push mobile social networking software.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sutro Tunnel",
"paragraph_text": "The Sutro Tunnel is a drainage tunnel (adit) connected to the Comstock Lode in Northern Nevada. It begins at Virginia City, Nevada and empties approximately 6 miles southeast near the town of Dayton, Nevada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mil'Von James",
"paragraph_text": "Mil'Von Keishawn James (born September 17, 1985 in Los Angeles, California) is a professional American football defensive back who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football for the UNLV Rebels, where he led the nation in passes defended. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins from 2003-2005. His younger brother Malik \"Fig\" James plays for the Nevada Wolfpack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Bryan Namoff",
"paragraph_text": "Bryan Namoff (born May 28, 1979 in Carson City, Nevada) is a retired American soccer player who last played for D.C. United in Major League Soccer.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who did the creator of Push, Nevada play in Dazed and Confused? | [
{
"id": 646573,
"question": "Push, Nevada >> creator",
"answer": "Ben Affleck",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 83769,
"question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused",
"answer": "Fred O'Bannion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Fred O'Bannion | [] | true | Who did the creator of Push, Nevada play in Dazed and Confused? |
2hop__779424_75487 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu",
"paragraph_text": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu (born February 12, 1949) is a Canadian politician and victim's rights activist, who was appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 29, 2010 on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, representing the province of Quebec under the banner of the Conservative Party of Canada.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Delphin Kyubwa",
"paragraph_text": "Delphin Bugigi Kyubwa is a political movement leader in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the chairman of Party for National Reform (PNR).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bríd Rodgers",
"paragraph_text": "Although born and brought up in a Gaeltacht area in the west of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland, she was politically active in Northern Ireland, where she was Deputy-Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Member of the Legislative Assembly for Upper Bann.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ontario Libertarian Party",
"paragraph_text": "Ontario Libertarian Party Parti libertarien de l'Ontario Active provincial party Leader Rob Ferguson (interim) President Gene Balfour Founded 1975 (1975) Headquarters Toronto, Ontario Ideology Libertarianism Colours Yellow Website www.libertarian.on.ca Politics of Ontario Political parties Elections",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pierre Poitras",
"paragraph_text": "Pierre Poitras (1810 – July 31, 1889) was a political figure in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Convention of Forty and served in the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Abdul Ali Mazari",
"paragraph_text": "Abdul Ali Mazari () (1947 – March 1995) was the political leader of the Hezb-e Wahdat party during and following the Soviet–Afghan War. Mazari was an ethnic Hazara, and believed the solution to the internal divisions in Afghanistan was in a federal system of governance, with each ethnic group having specific constitutional rights. After being murdered by the Taliban, he was posthumously given the title ‘Martyr Of National Unity’ in 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu",
"paragraph_text": "Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu (December 31, 1954 – March 25, 2009) was a Turkish politician and member of the Parliament of Turkey. He was the leader and founder of the Great Union Party (BBP), a right-wing, nationalist-Islamist political party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Inky Mark",
"paragraph_text": "Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Congress of the New Right",
"paragraph_text": "The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Marek Migalski",
"paragraph_text": "Dr Marek Henryk Migalski (born 14 January 1969 in Racibórz) is a Polish politician, Member of the European Parliament, political scientist, and columnist. A member of Poland Comes First (PjN), Migalski was elected to the European Parliament at the 2009 election for Law and Justice (PiS). He never joined the party, and his open criticism of PiS leader Jarosław Kaczyński led to his expulsion from the party's group and the creation of the more moderate PjN in late 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Audrey McLaughlin",
"paragraph_text": "Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (née Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The People of Freedom",
"paragraph_text": "The PdL, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election. The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Confederation of Regions Party of Canada",
"paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Regions Party (CoR) was a right-wing federal political party in Canada founded in 1984 by Elmer Knutson. It was founded as a successor to the Western Canada Federation (West-Fed), a non-partisan organization, to fight the Liberal Party of Canada. The CoR aimed to fill the void on the right of the political spectrum left by the decline of the Social Credit Party of Canada and the growing unpopularity among westerners of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada under the leadership of Brian Mulroney.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pierre Cérésole",
"paragraph_text": "Pierre Cérésole was born in Lausanne on 17 August 1879, the son of Paul Cérésole, a member of the Swiss Federal Council and a President of the Swiss Confederation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Free Trade Party",
"paragraph_text": "The Free Trade Party which was officially known as the Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association, also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party, formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 colony election, which the party won. It advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid Government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904-5) . In New South Wales it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Commonwealth Liberal Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jean-Pierre Sueur",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Pierre Sueur (born February 28, 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Loiret department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Shiromaniam Madhavan",
"paragraph_text": "Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bruno Mégret",
"paragraph_text": "Bruno Mégret (born 4 April 1949) is a French nationalist politician. He is the leader of the \"Mouvement National Républicain\" political party, but retired in 2008 from political action.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally housemates), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse (Confederates as in \"a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy\"). Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the \"Confederate Party\", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy through an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise. The move would have had the side effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse by way of Huisgenoten supposedly became Huguenot, a nickname associating the Protestant cause with politics unpopular in France.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the federal leader of the party that Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu is a member of? | [
{
"id": 779424,
"question": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu >> member of political party",
"answer": "Conservative Party of Canada",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 75487,
"question": "federal leader of #1",
"answer": "Andrew Scheer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Andrew Scheer | [] | true | Who is the federal leader of the party that Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu is a member of? |
3hop1__622497_160088_73916 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Noether Lecture",
"paragraph_text": "The Noether Lecture is an award and lecture series that honors women \"who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to the mathematical sciences\". The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) established the annual lectures in 1980 as the Emmy Noether Lectures, in honor of one of the leading mathematicians of her time. In 2013 it was renamed the AWM-AMS Noether Lecture and since 2015 is sponsored jointly with the American Mathematical Society (AMS). The recipient delivers the lecture at the yearly American Joint Mathematics Meetings held in January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch",
"paragraph_text": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Wild Women",
"paragraph_text": "Wild Women is a 1918 American comedy western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. The film is considered to be lost.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage",
"paragraph_text": "The National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage was founded in London in December 1910 to oppose the extension of the voting franchise to women in the United Kingdom. It was formed as an amalgamation of the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League and the Men's League for Opposing Woman Suffrage. Its first president was Lord Cromer, and its executive committee consisted of seven men and seven women. In March 1912 Cromer was replaced by Lord Curzon and Lord Weardale as joint presidents. It continued the publication of the \"Anti-Suffrage Review\" produced originally by the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League. In 1912 the first Welsh branch opened in Bangor, following an upsurge in militant action in the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Census Bureau, the median household income in 2013 was $36,836, down 7.9 percent from 2008 when the median household income was $40,008 (in 2013 dollars). For comparison, the median household income among metropolitan areas was $60,482, down 8.2 percent in the same period, and the national median household income was $55,250, down 7.0 percent from 2008. The city's wealth disparity is evident when neighborhoods are compared. Residents in Society Hill had a median household income of $93,720 while residents in one of North Philadelphia's districts reported the lowest median household income, $14,185.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Economy of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The nation's economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well - developed infrastructure, and high productivity. It has the second - highest total - estimated value of natural resources, valued at $45 trillion in 2016. Americans have the highest average household and employee income among OECD nations, and in 2010, they had the fourth - highest median household income, down from second - highest in 2007. The United States has held the world's largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the 1890s. It is the world's third - largest producer of oil and natural gas. In 2016, it was the world's largest trading nation as well as its second - largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. The U.S. also has both the largest economy and the largest industrial sector, at 2005 prices according to the UNCTAD. The U.S. not only has the largest internal market for goods, but also dominates the trade in services. U.S. total trade amounted to $4.92 trillion in 2016. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 134 are headquartered in the US.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Gospel Bill Show",
"paragraph_text": "The Gospel Bill Show is a Christian-values based television show that was produced by Willie George Ministries from June 4, 1981 to May 12, 1993. (Later episodes were titled as Adventures in Dry Gulch but featured the same characters and premise.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Annual training",
"paragraph_text": "Annual training refers to the yearly training period conducted by all National Guard and Reserve components of the United States military pursuant to law and military service directives.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of countries by GDP (nominal)",
"paragraph_text": "The United States is the world's largest economy with a GDP of approximately $18.56 trillion, notably due to high average incomes, a large population, capital investment, moderate unemployment, high consumer spending, a relatively young population, and technological innovation. Tuvalu is the world's smallest national economy with a GDP of about $32 million because of its very small population, a lack of natural resources, reliance on foreign aid, negligible capital investment, demographic problems, and low average incomes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Lynne Cherry",
"paragraph_text": "Lynne Cherry (born January 5, 1952) is an American writer and illustrator of nature-themed children's books and a film producer. In 2009 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Milwaukee",
"paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city is $32,216, and the median income for a family is $37,879. Males have a median income of $32,244 versus $26,013 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,181. 21.3% of the population and 17.4% of families are below the poverty line. In 2010, rent increased an averaged 3% for home renters in Milwaukee. Out of the total population, 31.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "For most of human history higher material living standards – full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel – led to better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans live no longer on average (about 77 years in 2004) than Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78), though the USA has a higher GDP per capita. Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82) – where income was more equally distributed – was longer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Varoš (Ražanj)",
"paragraph_text": "Varoš is a village in the municipality of Ražanj, Serbia. According to the 2011 census there are 316 adult inhabitants, and the average age is 48.7 years (46.6 for men and 50.5 for women). The village has 104 households, and the average number of household members is 3.46.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch",
"paragraph_text": "The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch is a 1912 American short silent Western film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Household income in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income, which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean tends to be higher than the median income, with the top earning households boosting it. Overall, the mean household income in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Republic of the Congo",
"paragraph_text": "Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination may contribute to this gap. On average, women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work, and may be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference. A U.S. Census's report stated that in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men. The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bahrain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "National Welfare Rights Organization",
"paragraph_text": "The National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) was an American activist organization that fought for the welfare rights of people, especially women and children. The organization had four goals: adequate income, dignity, justice, and democratic participation. The group was active from 1966 to 1975. At its peak in 1969, NWRO membership was estimated at 25,000 members (mostly African American women). Thousands more joined in NWRO protests.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the average yearly income for someone with the same nationality as the producer of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? | [
{
"id": 622497,
"question": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch >> producer",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 73916,
"question": "what is the average yearly income for an #2",
"answer": "$72,641",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | $72,641 | [] | true | What is the average yearly income for someone with the same nationality as the producer of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? |
2hop__203985_524737 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kalamazoo Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": "Kalamazoo Kingdom were an American soccer team, founded in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "San Jose Sharks",
"paragraph_text": "San Jose Sharks 2017 -- 18 San Jose Sharks season Conference Western Division Pacific Founded 1991 History San Jose Sharks 1991 -- present Home arena SAP Center City San Jose, California Colors Deep Pacific teal, burnt orange, black Media NBC Sports California K - FOX (98.5 FM) La Raza (93.3 FM) Owner (s) San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises (Hasso Plattner, governor) General manager Doug Wilson Head coach Peter DeBoer Captain Joe Pavelski Minor league affiliates San Jose Barracuda (AHL) Allen Americans (ECHL) Stanley Cups 0 Conference championships 1 (2015 -- 16) Presidents' Trophy 1 (2008 -- 09) Division championships 6 (2001 -- 02, 2003 -- 04, 2007 -- 08, 2008 -- 09, 2009 -- 10, 2010 -- 11) Official website www.nhl.com/sharks",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Wes Schulmerich",
"paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "T&TEC Sports Club",
"paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission Sports Club, often referred to as T&TEC Sports Club is a state-owned football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Gooding Village and was a member of the TT Pro League, the highest level of football in Trinidad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jose Miranda (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men’s soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In 1997, he moved to the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boy’s head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women’s team at Pima Community College.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the \"Boston Pilgrims\" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tucson Amigos",
"paragraph_text": "The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Wes Hart",
"paragraph_text": "Wes Hart (born September 14, 1977, in Hollister, California) is an American soccer coach, and the current head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide women's soccer team. Hart played six season in Major League Soccer as a defender with the Colorado Rapids and San Jose Earthquakes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Canada Rugby League",
"paragraph_text": "Canada Rugby League (CRL) () is the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in Canada. Founded in 2010, the CRL organizes the Canada national rugby league team and supports the development of the game through the country's domestic competitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Vermont Lady Voltage",
"paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "San Jose Earthquakes",
"paragraph_text": "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose, California, United States, that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS). The franchise began play in 1996 (originally as the San Jose Clash) as one of the charter clubs of the league. The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history, defeating D.C. United 1–0. The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles, in 2001 and 2003, and two Supporters' Shields in 2005 and 2012. In 2002, the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup (now called the CONCACAF Champions League), making it to the quarterfinals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Premier League",
"paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Green Bay Packers",
"paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Rugby League Tri-Nations",
"paragraph_text": "The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tom Liner",
"paragraph_text": "Tom Liner (born November 27, 1970, in Redwood City, California) is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the Foothill College men’s soccer team. He played two seasons in Major League Soccer with the San Jose Clash as well as in the USISL and lower Austrian divisions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Montreal Impact",
"paragraph_text": "The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bahrain SC",
"paragraph_text": "Al-Bahrain Sports Club (), otherwise simply known as Bahrain, is primarily a Bahraini football club based in the island-governorate of Al-Muharraq. Their football team currently plays in the Bahraini Premier League. Their home football stadium is the Al Muharraq Stadium, which they share along with their local island rivals, Al-Muharraq Sports Club. Bahrain Club also have teams for other sports, such as Basketball, Team Handball and Volleyball.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what league did Jose Miranda's team compete? | [
{
"id": 203985,
"question": "Jose Miranda >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Tucson Amigos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 524737,
"question": "#1 >> league",
"answer": "United Soccer League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | United Soccer League | [
"Southwest Independent Soccer League",
"USISL",
"SISL",
"United Soccer Leagues",
"USL"
] | true | In what league did Jose Miranda's team compete? |
2hop__215898_67465 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Por Favor, Perdón y Gracias",
"paragraph_text": "Por Favor, Perdón y Gracias (\"Please, Sorry and Thanks\") is an album released by Argentinean singer-songwriter León Gieco in September 6, 2005. The album earned Gieco Latin Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year and Best Singer-Songwriter Album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Higher Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"Higher Love\" is a 1986 song by English singer Steve Winwood. It was the first single released from his fourth solo LP, \"Back in the High Life\". It was written by Winwood and Will Jennings, and produced by Russ Titelman and Winwood. The female vocals on the song were performed by Chaka Khan, who also appeared in the promotional music video.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hubert Gregg",
"paragraph_text": "Hubert Robert Harry Gregg (19 July 1914 -- 29 March 2004) was a British broadcaster at the BBC, writer and stage and film actor. At the end of his life, he was probably best known for the BBC Radio 2 ``oldies ''shows A Square Deal and Thanks for the Memory. He was also a novelist, a theatre director and a hit songwriter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Best Days of Your Life",
"paragraph_text": "\"Best Days of Your Life\" is a song written and performed by American country artist Kellie Pickler. It was written by Pickler and American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on December 1, 2008, as the second single from Kellie Pickler's self-titled second album. Swift also provides background vocals on the song. The song is about a narrator explaining how her former boyfriend cheated on her and moved on to a new girlfriend to start a family with, wishing them well on their new life but says that the new girl won't top what they previously once had before.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "World Blood Donor Day",
"paragraph_text": "Every year on 14 June, countries around the world celebrate World Blood Donor Day (WBDD). The event, established in 2004, serves to raise awareness of the need for safe blood and blood products, and to thank blood donors for their voluntary, life - saving gifts of blood.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "I Love Life, Thank You",
"paragraph_text": "I Love Life, Thank You is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Mac Miller. In 2011, Miller started the \"Road 2 a Million Fans\" series, during which he released a new song for every 100,000 Twitter followers he accumulated. On October 14, 2011, he released \"I Love Life, Thank You\" upon reaching one million followers. Seven of the thirteen tracks on the mixtape had previously been released throughout the course of the series.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Thank You Shirl-ee May",
"paragraph_text": "Thank You Shirl-ee May (A Love Story) is Shawn Amos's second studio album. It was released in 2005 on Shout! Factory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)",
"paragraph_text": "Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Braveheart",
"paragraph_text": "Released on May 26, 1995, Braveheart received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances, directing, production values, battle sequences, and musical score; but criticized its inaccuracies regarding Wallace's title, love interests, and attire. The film grossed $75.6 million in the US and grossed $210.4 million worldwide. At the 68th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Makeup, and Best Sound Editing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face",
"paragraph_text": "``The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face ''Single by Roberta Flack from the album First Take Released March 7, 1972 (1972 - 03 - 07) Recorded 1969 Genre Soul vocal jazz Length 5: 22 4: 15 (1972 radio edit) Label Atlantic 2864 Songwriter (s) Ewan MacColl Producer (s) Joel Dorn Roberta Flack singles chronology`` Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow'' (1972) ``The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face ''(1972)`` Where Is the Love'' (1972) ``Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow ''(1972)`` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face'' (1972) ``Where Is the Love ''(1972)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Notes of Love",
"paragraph_text": "Notes of Love (, , also known as \"The Word Love Exists\" and \"Love Notes\") is a 1998 Italian-French romance film directed by Mimmo Calopresti. For her performance Valeria Bruni Tedeschi won the David di Donatello Award for best actress. The film also won the Nastro d'Argento for best script and the Ciak d'oro for best supporting actress (to Marina Confalone).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "That's Amore",
"paragraph_text": "The song first appeared in the soundtrack of the Martin and Lewis comedy film The Caddy, released by Paramount Pictures on August 10, 1953. In the film, the song is performed mainly by Dean Martin, with Jerry Lewis joining in and then followed by the other characters in the scene. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song of that year, but it lost to ``Secret Love ''from Calamity Jane starring Doris Day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "On and On and Beyond",
"paragraph_text": "On and On and Beyond is the debut extended play by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released digitally on March 29, 2011. The tracks \"Another Night\", and \"Live Free\" were previously released on Mac Miller's 2009 mixtape \"The High Life\", while \"Life Ain't Easy\", and \"In the Air\" are taken from 2011's \"Best Day Ever\". The EP entered the US \"Billboard\" 200 on April 16 2011 at number 55 on the chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, \"Crazy in Love\", featuring Jay Z, became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single \"Baby Boy\" also reached number one, and singles, \"Me, Myself and I\" and \"Naughty Girl\", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"Dangerously in Love 2\", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Crazy in Love\", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for \"The Closer I Get to You\" with Luther Vandross.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "A Moment Like This",
"paragraph_text": "``A Moment Like This ''is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson, the winner of the first season of American Idol. It was released as a double - A side with`` Before Your Love'' and topped the Billboard Hot 100. The song was later included on her debut album, Thankful (2003). It is her coronation song from American Idol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Will to Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"Will to Love\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album \"American Stars 'N Bars\". A promotional single of \"Will to Love\" was released, backed with a live performance of \"Cortez the Killer.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, \"Nuclear\". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for \"Love on Top\". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, \"God Made You Beautiful\". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sport in Iran",
"paragraph_text": "Iran has achieved a significant victory in London 2012 Olympics. Iranian Team has won 12 medals including 4 Gold Medals. This is the best performance of a Middle Eastern country ever in the history of Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts",
"paragraph_text": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts (, also known as \"Love Is Eternal, as Long as It Lasts\") is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film written, directed and starred by Carlo Verdone. For her performance Laura Morante won the Nastro d'Argento for best actress.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Steven Spielberg",
"paragraph_text": "Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's bestseller Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life. Written by Tony Kushner, the film was shot in Richmond, Virginia, in late 2011, and was released in the United States by Disney in November 2012. The film's international distribution was handled by 20th Century Fox. Upon release, Lincoln received widespread critical acclaim, and was nominated for twelve Academy Awards (the most of any film that year) including Best Picture and Best Director for Spielberg. It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the performer of I Love Life, Thank You release Best Day Ever? | [
{
"id": 215898,
"question": "I Love Life, Thank You >> performer",
"answer": "Mac Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 67465,
"question": "when did #1 release best day ever",
"answer": "March 11, 2011",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | March 11, 2011 | [] | true | When did the performer of I Love Life, Thank You release Best Day Ever? |
4hop1__131820_59747_211319_557671 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Strasbourg",
"paragraph_text": "Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, French pronunciation: [stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine (ACAL) region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace were historically predominantly Alemannic-speaking, hence the city's Germanic name. In 2013, the city proper had 275,718 inhabitants, Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) had 475,934 inhabitants and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 482,384 inhabitants. With a population of 768,868 in 2012, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France and home to 13% of the ACAL region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "New Albin, Iowa",
"paragraph_text": "New Albin is a city in Iowa Township, Allamakee County, Iowa, United States. It is the farthest northeast town in Iowa, located on the Mississippi River and the Minnesota border. The population was 522 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Canada–United States border",
"paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mecklenburg County, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "Mecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 919,628. It increased to 1,034,070 as of the 2015 estimate, making it the most populous county in North Carolina and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass 1 million in population. Its county seat and largest city is Charlotte.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "WEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mississippi",
"paragraph_text": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "United States",
"paragraph_text": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/ əˈmɛrɪkə /), is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self - governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third - or fourth - largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty - eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Krasnovishersky District",
"paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Canada",
"paragraph_text": "Canada (French: (kanadɑ)) is a country located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Alpena Power Company",
"paragraph_text": "Alpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "States of Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sno*Drift",
"paragraph_text": "Sno*Drift is a rally racing event held in Montmorency County, Michigan, annually, with headquarters in Atlanta, Michigan. The event is currently the first Rally America National Rally Championship event of the season. Currently the event is organized into three distinct rallies: the national championship event covering both days of rallying, and two regional rally events each covering one of the two days. Competitors may be entered in any or all of these events simultaneously.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Borders of China",
"paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Chelyabinsk",
"paragraph_text": "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which county shares a border with the county where the most populous city in the state where WEKL operates is located? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 211319,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Montmorency County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 557671,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Presque Isle County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Presque Isle County | [] | true | Which county shares a border with the county where the most populous city in the state where WEKL operates is located? |
2hop__158010_58067 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "President of India",
"paragraph_text": "President of the Republic of India State Emblem of India Flag of India Incumbent Ram Nath Kovind since 25 July 2017 Style Honourable (within India) His / Her Excellency (outside India) Residence Rashtrapati Bhavan Appointer The Electoral College of India Term length Five years. No term limits are imposed on the office. Inaugural holder Rajendra Prasad 26 January 1950 Formation The Constitution of India January 26, 1950; 67 years ago (1950 - 01 - 26) Deputy Vice President of India Salary ₹150,000 (US $2,300) (per month) Website President of India",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_text": "The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C.V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. Though usually conferred on India - born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and former South African President Nelson Mandela. On 24 December 2014, the Indian government announced the award to independence activist Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Savita Behen",
"paragraph_text": "Savita Behen was an Indian politician, social worker, educationist and a former member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the bicameral Indian Parliament. She was known to be an advocate of women empowerment and gender equality and was listed among the \"3300 distinguished living women\" of the world by the Council for Parity Democracy in 1990. She was honoured by the Government of India in 1971 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: (bhaːrət̪ rət̪nə); Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ``in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order '', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include`` any field of human endeavour'' in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal - leaf -- shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "C. V. Raman",
"paragraph_text": "Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India (presently the state of Tamil Nadu), who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, the Indian government honoured him with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Attorney General of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. He can be said as the lawyer from government's side. He is appointed by the President of India under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution and holds office during the pleasure of the President. He must be a person qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, also must have been a judge of some high court for five years or an advocate of some high court for ten years or an eminent jurist, in the opinion of the President and must be a citizen of India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan",
"paragraph_text": "Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that ``teachers should be the best minds in the country ''. Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nuchhungi Renthlei",
"paragraph_text": "Nuchhungi Renthlei (1 January 1914 – 1 January 2002) was an Indian poet, singer and school teacher, known for her poems written in Mizo language. She was the founder of \"Girls' Auxiliary\", an organization for women's rights, which she founded in 1939. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1986.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Gurbachan Singh Salaria",
"paragraph_text": "Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, PVC (29 November 1935 -- 5 December 1961), an Indian Army officer, and receipient of the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest wartime military award. Singh was an alumni of King George's Royal Military College the National Defence Academy. He was commissioned into the Indian Army through Indian Military Academy on 5 June 1957.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Padmanabhan Balaram",
"paragraph_text": "Padmanabhan Balaram is an Indian biochemist and a former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan (2014) as well as the TWAS Prize (1994).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Order of the British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_text": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "President of India",
"paragraph_text": "President of the Republic of India State Emblem of India Flag of India Incumbent Ram Nath Kovind since 25 July 2017 Style Honourable (within India) His / Her Excellency (outside India) Residence Rashtrapati Bhavan Appointer The Electoral College of India Term length Five years Renewable Inaugural holder Rajendra Prasad Formation The Constitution of India 26 January 1950; 68 years ago (1950 - 01 - 26) Deputy Vice President of India Salary ₹500,000 (US $7,700) (per month) Website President of India",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Asha Kale",
"paragraph_text": "Asha Kale is an actress in the Marathi language film industry of India. She was given the V Shantaram lifetime achievement award by the State Government of Maharashtra in 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Vishwanath Jadhav",
"paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Hari Vinayak Pataskar",
"paragraph_text": "Hari Vinayak Pataskar was an Indian lawyer and politician who was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and a former Governor of Madhya Pradesh. In 1963, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour in India, for services in Public Affairs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "65th National Film Awards",
"paragraph_text": "The 65th National Film Awards ceremony is an event during which the Directorate of Film Festivals presented its annual National Film Awards by The President of Republic Of India to honour the best films of 2017 in Indian cinema. The awards were announced on 13 April 2018. The awards ceremony was held on 3 May 2018.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Cinema of India",
"paragraph_text": "The cinema of India also known by its sobriquet Indywood consists of films produced across India. Cinema has immense popularity in the country. As many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced every year. Indian films have also wide following throughout the rest of South Asia and it is even available in mainstream cinemas in parts of the Greater Middle East, Southeast Asia, Eastern Africa and elsewhere. Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the ``father of Indian cinema ''. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, for lifetime contribution to cinema, was instituted in his honour, by the Government of India in 1969, and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashok Kumar Mago",
"paragraph_text": "Ashok Kumar Mago is an Indian born American business person and the founder Chairman of Greater Dallas Indo American Chamber, now known as (US-INDIA Chamber of Commerce) who is known for his involvement of the Senate India caucus. He was awarded the Padma Shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was honoured with the highest award a citizen without military experience in India before becoming a president? | [
{
"id": 158010,
"question": "What is the highest award a citizen without military experiencecan achieve in India?",
"answer": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 58067,
"question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india",
"answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | [
"A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"Abdul Kalam",
"Kalam",
"Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"
] | true | Who was honoured with the highest award a citizen without military experience in India before becoming a president? |
3hop1__857_846_7794 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Diet of Worms",
"paragraph_text": "The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms, (ˈʁaɪçstaːk tsuː ˈvɔɐms)) was an imperial diet (assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire. An imperial diet was a formal deliberative assembly of the whole Empire. This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. It was conducted from 28 January to 26 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Christmas and holiday season",
"paragraph_text": "A selection of goodwill greetings are often used around the world to address strangers, family, colleagues or friends during the season. Some greetings are more prevalent than others, depending on culture and location. Traditionally, the predominant greetings of the season have been ``Merry Christmas '',`` Happy Christmas'', and ``Happy New Year ''. In the mid-to - late 20th century in the United States, more generic greetings such as`` Happy Holidays'' and ``Season's Greetings ''began to rise in cultural prominence, and this would later spread to other Western countries including Canada, Australia and to a lesser extent some European countries. A 2012 poll by Rasmussen Reports indicated that 68% of Americans prefer the use of`` Merry Christmas'', while 23% preferred ``Happy Holidays ''. A similarly - timed Canadian poll conducted by Ipsos - Reid indicated that 72% of Canadians preferred`` Merry Christmas''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bruneian Empire",
"paragraph_text": "After the death of its emperor, Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit entered a state of decline and was unable to control its overseas possessions. This opened the opportunity for Bruneian kings to expand their influence. Chinese Ming emperor Yongle, after ascending to the throne in 1403, immediately dispatched envoys to various countries, inviting them to pay tribute to the Chinese court. Brunei immediately got involved in the lucrative tributary system with China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Yuan dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "Politically, the system of government created by Kublai Khan was the product of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system. Nevertheless, socially the educated Chinese elite were in general not given the degree of esteem that they had been accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties. Although the traditional Chinese elite were not given their share of power, the Mongols and the Semuren (various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire) largely remained strangers to the mainstream Chinese culture, and this dichotomy gave the Yuan regime a somewhat strong \"colonial\" coloration. The unequal treatment is possibly due to the fear of transferring power to the ethnic Chinese under their rule. The Mongols and Semuren were given certain advantages in the dynasty, and this would last even after the restoration of the imperial examination in the early 14th century. In general there were very few North Chinese or Southerners reaching the highest-post in the government compared with the possibility that Persians did so in the Ilkhanate. Later the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty also mentioned the discrimination that existed during the Yuan dynasty. In response to an objection against the use of \"barbarians\" in his government, the Yongle Emperor answered: \"... Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty, who employed only \"Mongols and Tartars\" and discarded northern and southern Chinese and this was precisely the cause that brought disaster upon them\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Linndale, Ohio",
"paragraph_text": "Linndale is the smallest village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is landlocked, surrounded by the cities of Cleveland and Brooklyn. According to the 2010 census, the village achieved the second highest growth rate in Cuyahoga County: 53% as the population increased from 117 to 179, although the last house was built in 1968 and there are only 37 residential addresses.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu. On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Hundred Days' Reform",
"paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days' Reform was a failed 104 - day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 June to 22 September 1898 in late Qing dynasty China. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu Emperor and his reform - minded supporters. Following the issuing of the reformative edicts, a coup d'état (``The Coup of 1898 '', Wuxu Coup) was perpetrated by powerful conservative opponents led by Empress Dowager Cixi.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "Marsha Weidner states that Deshin Shekpa's miracles \"testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne,\" referring to the Yongle Emperor's conflict with the previous Jianwen Emperor. Tsai writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule by providing him with portents and omens which demonstrated Heaven's favor of the Yongle Emperor on the Ming throne.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Athanasius of Alexandria",
"paragraph_text": "With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty. To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years, an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate, on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency. The edict was communicated to the bishop by Pythicodorus Trico, who, though described in the \"Chronicon Athanasianum\" (XXXV) as a \"philosopher\", seems to have behaved with brutal insolence. On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Samurai",
"paragraph_text": "Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the Tang dynasty political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. As part of the Taihō Code, of 702 AD, and the later Yōrō Code, the population was required to report regularly for census, a precursor for national conscription. With an understanding of how the population was distributed, Emperor Mommu introduced a law whereby 1 in 3–4 adult males was drafted into the national military. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in return were exempted from duties and taxes. This was one of the first attempts by the Imperial government to form an organized army modeled after the Chinese system. It was called \"Gundan-Sei\" (軍団制) by later historians and is believed to have been short-lived.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between \"the patron and the priest\" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized \"the religious nature of the relationship.\" Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were \"almost entirely of a religious character.\" Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to \"resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa.\" She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as \"part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bloomingdale, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Bloomingdale is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 22,711 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Codes serving the community are 33511 (which is addressed to Brandon) and 33596 (which is addressed to Valrico).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Heian period",
"paragraph_text": "Following Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust the Taika-Taihō administrative structure. Through the new Emperor's Private Office, the emperor could issue administrative edicts more directly and with more self-assurance than before. The new Metropolitan Police Board replaced the largely ceremonial imperial guard units. While these two offices strengthened the emperor's position temporarily, soon they and other Chinese-style structures were bypassed in the developing state. In 838 the end of the imperial-sanctioned missions to Tang China, which had begun in 630, marked the effective end of Chinese influence. Tang China was in a state of decline, and Chinese Buddhists were severely persecuted, undermining Japanese respect for Chinese institutions. Japan began to turn inward.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Zheng He",
"paragraph_text": "Zheng He (Chinese: 鄭和; 1371 -- 1433 or 1435) was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and enslaved court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family, later adopted the conferred surname Zheng from Emperor Yongle. Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. His larger ships stretched 120 meters or more in length. These carried hundreds of sailors on four tiers of decks.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In 2010, what was the population of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 7794,
"question": "What was the population of #2 in 2010?",
"answer": "8.005 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 8.005 million | [] | true | In 2010, what was the population of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
2hop__85931_108632 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ministry of Local Government (Uganda)",
"paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG), is a cabinet - level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for the ``creation, supervision and guidance of sustainable, efficient and effective service delivery in the decentralized system of governance. The ministry is responsible for the harmonization and support of all local government functions, to cause positive socio - economic transformation of Uganda ''. The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister, currently Tom Butime.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sphere with Inner Form",
"paragraph_text": "Sphere with Inner Form (BH 333) is a bronze sculpture by English artist Barbara Hepworth, with six castings made in 1963 and two more 1965. It is sometimes interpreted as a child in a pregnant woman's womb, or as a metaphor for the creation of a sculpture.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Schmidt Artist Lofts",
"paragraph_text": "The Schmidt Artist Lofts, located in the West Seventh neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was originally built to brew beer for Schmidt Brewery. The Schmidt Brewery was vacant for 11 years until a massive community and developer effort resulted in a plan for a revitalization of the brewery's historic building into the creation of the Schmidt Artist Lofts in 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach",
"paragraph_text": "Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (8 March 1714 – 14 December 1788), also formerly spelled Karl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, was a German Classical period musician and composer, the fifth child and second (surviving) son of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach. His second name was given in honor of his godfather Georg Philipp Telemann, a friend of Johann Sebastian Bach.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Godfather Part II",
"paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mumbai Godfather",
"paragraph_text": "Mumbai Godfather is the name of an Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Balraj Vij released on 23 September 2005.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nino Rota",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni ``Nino ''Rota (3 December 1911 -- 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Chetan (name)",
"paragraph_text": "Chetan is a common Indian and Nepalese first name for males. The Hindi word means' Spirit Full 'or' Full of Consciousness'; the name is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Chaitanya'.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Louis Logic",
"paragraph_text": "Louis Dorley, better known as Louis Logic, is a Brooklyn, New York based underground hip-hop emcee. He released three full-length studio albums as a solo artist, one album as The Odd Couple with Jay Love and is a former member of the Demigodz, appearing on a number of tracks on the Godz Must Be Crazy EP. In 2006, he made his arrangement with longtime producer J.J. Brown official. Their last album together was released under the artist name \"louis logic & J.J. Brown.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Benjamin Franklin Ficklin",
"paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Ficklin (1827–1871) was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, Class of 1849. He is famous for his help in starting the Pony Express and for establishing other stage coach and mail routes in the United States during the nineteenth century. Ficklin was also one of the people responsible for the creation of the Pacific Telegraph Company in 1861.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "André Le Nôtre",
"paragraph_text": "André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the gardens of the Palais des Tuileries in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Godfather",
"paragraph_text": "In 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Voyage to the Orient",
"paragraph_text": "Voyage to the Orient () is one of the works of French writer and poet Gérard de Nerval, published during 1851, resulting from his voyage of 1842 to Cairo and Beirut. In addition to a travel account it retells Oriental tales, like Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, in terms of the artist and the act of creation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "John Cazale",
"paragraph_text": "John Holland Cazale (/ kəˈzeɪl /; Italian pronunciation: (kaˈdzaːle); August 12, 1935 -- March 13, 1978) was an American actor. He appeared in five films over a period of six years, all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: The Godfather, The Conversation, The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon, and The Deer Hunter. He appeared in archival footage in The Godfather Part III, also nominated for Best Picture, making him the only actor to have this multi-film distinction. From his start as a theater actor, he became one of Hollywood's premier character actors, starting with his role as the doomed, weak - minded Fredo Corleone opposite longtime friend Al Pacino in Francis Ford Coppola's film The Godfather and its 1974 sequel. Cazale chose to continue acting despite being diagnosed with lung cancer. He died in New York City on March 13, 1978, shortly after completing his role in The Deer Hunter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Soul music",
"paragraph_text": "Little Richard (who inspired Otis Redding) and James Brown were equally influential. Brown was known as the ``Godfather of Soul ''and Richard proclaimed himself the`` king of rockin 'and rollin', rhythm and blues soulin ''', because his music embodied elements of all three, and because he inspired artists in all three genres.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Chuck Brown",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Louis Brown (August 22, 1936 – May 16, 2012) was an American guitarist, bandleader and singer who has garnered the honorific nickname \"The Godfather of Go-Go\". Go-go is a subgenre of funk music developed in and around the Washington metropolitan area in the mid-1970s. While its musical classification, influences, and origins are debated, Brown is regarded as the fundamental force behind the creation of go-go music.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sakura (Susumu Yokota album)",
"paragraph_text": "Sakura is a full-length album from electronic artist Susumu Yokota, released in 1999 in Japan on Skintone (STR03) and on 11 September 2000 in the United Kingdom on The Leaf Label (BAY13). It was named as the top electronic release of the year 2000 by The Wire.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Il figlioccio del padrino",
"paragraph_text": "Il figlioccio del padrino (\"The Godson of the Godfather\") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of \"The Godfather\", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "56 Group Wales",
"paragraph_text": "The 56 Group Wales () is an artists' organisation founded in Wales in 1956, with the aim of promoting Welsh Modernist art and artists. The name was originally simply the 56 Group: \"Wales\" was added in 1967, in response to a feeling that the organisation's \"Welsh origins ought to be re-affirmed\". The Welsh-language version of the name was first used on publicity in 1976.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who created the main character of The Godfather? | [
{
"id": 85931,
"question": "what was the full name of the godfather",
"answer": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 108632,
"question": "What artist was responsible for the creation of #1 ?",
"answer": "Mario Puzo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Mario Puzo | [] | true | Who created the main character of The Godfather? |
2hop__435184_84856 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce",
"paragraph_text": "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce (also known as Girlfriends' Guide to Freedom starting with season 3) is an American comedy - drama television series developed by Marti Noxon for the American cable network Bravo. Based on the Girlfriends' Guides book series by Vicki Iovine, the series revolves around Abby McCarthy, a self - help author who finds solace in new friends and adventures as she faces an impending divorce. Lisa Edelstein portrays the main character Abby. Beau Garrett, Necar Zadegan and Paul Adelstein co-star. Janeane Garofalo was part of the main cast for the first seven episodes of season 1 before departing the cast. She was replaced in episode 8 with Alanna Ubach. Retta recurred during the show's second season before being promoted to the main cast at the start of season 3.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Brian Cassidy",
"paragraph_text": "Detective Brian Cassidy is a fictional character played by Dean Winters in the American crime drama television series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit on NBC. A recurring cast member during the first season, Cassidy is a young and inexperienced detective with the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and the original partner of John Munch (Richard Belzer). The stress of the Special Victims Unit is too much for Cassidy, and he transfers to the Narcotics unit in the middle of the season. Cassidy later returns in the thirteenth season finale working undercover for a pimp the SVU detectives are investigating.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Burt Hummel",
"paragraph_text": "Burt Hummel is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\". The character is portrayed by actor Mike O'Malley, and first appeared on \"Glee\" in the fourth episode of the first season, \"Preggers\". Burt was developed by \"Glee\" creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. He is the father of gay glee club member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer), and works as a mechanic in Lima, Ohio where the series is set. He eventually begins a relationship with Carole Hudson (Romy Rosemont), the mother of another glee club member, and the two marry in the second season episode \"Furt\". In the third season, Burt runs in a special congressional election and wins. O'Malley was a recurring cast member during the first season, and was upgraded to a series regular for the second season of the show, but returned to the recurring cast for the third season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Scandal (season 7)",
"paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Scandal was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season will be the final season for Scandal. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and will consist of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season will be produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pizza Man",
"paragraph_text": "Pizza Man is a 1991 comedy film starring Bill Maher and Annabelle Gurwitch; written and directed by J.F. Lawton who was credited in the film as J.D. Athens. The film received a PG-13 rating by the MPAA.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)",
"paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9)",
"paragraph_text": "The ninth and final season of How I Met Your Mother, an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013, with two episodes, and concluded on March 31, 2014. The show was renewed for the final season on December 21, 2012, after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8. Cristin Milioti, who was revealed as ``The Mother ''in the Season 8 finale, was promoted to a series regular, the only time How I Met Your Mother added a new regular cast member. Season 9 consists of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Peyton Manning",
"paragraph_text": "Peyton Williams Manning (born March 24, 1976) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Indianapolis Colts. Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time due to his numerous career achievements, he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons. Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee, leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season. He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 2)",
"paragraph_text": "The second season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars premiered on the Logo network on a new night; Thursday, August 25, 2016. Returning judges included RuPaul, Michelle Visage, with Carson Kressley joining the panel, while the space previously occupied by Ross Matthews was filled by Todrick Hall. Cast members were announced on June 17, 2016. This season featured ten All - Star contestants, selected from the show's second season through to its seventh season, who competed to be inducted into the ``Drag Race Hall of Fame ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Michael McDonald (comedian)",
"paragraph_text": "Michael James McDonald (born December 31, 1964) is an American actor, director, writer, and comedian. He is best known for starring in the sketch comedy show MADtv. McDonald joined the show during the fourth season (1998) and remained in the cast until the end of the thirteenth and penultimate season, having become the longest - tenured cast member. While on the show, he developed many memorable characters. He was a contributing writer and director on MADtv.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Lucy Boryer",
"paragraph_text": "Lucy Boryer is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janine Stewart on the comedy-drama series \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\" Recurring in the first season; she was promoted as a main cast member in second season until the end of season three. She reprised her role for two additional episodes in the fourth and final season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jason Lewis (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "Lewis appeared on Beverly Hills, 90210 in 1997, playing a love interest of character Valerie (Tiffani - Amber Thiessen). His most prominent role to date was in Sex and the City, where he was a recurring member of the show's cast in its final season as waiter turned emerging young actor Smith Jerrod, the one man whose sincerity got to Samantha. He reprised the role in 2008's Sex and the City: The Movie and its 2010 sequel.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Warsaw Shore",
"paragraph_text": "During the third series, on June 9, 2015, MTV Poland confirmed a new show with Eliza and Trybson called \"Warsaw Shore: Watch with the Trybsons\" will air during summer. Series premiere of the show aired on June 21, 2015 replacing \"Warsaw Shore\" after 12 episodes. The rest of season 3 episodes started airing on 30 August 2015. On 14 July 2015, it was confirmed that Paweł Cattaneo has been axed from the show. In addition it was announced that Ewelina Kubiak also leaves the show because of Paweł and will not appear in the next series. On 6 September 2015, it was confirmed that new cast member Klaudia Stec had joined the cast in episode 14 of the series 3. The series was then followed by two special episodes called \"The Trybsons\" which tells the story of Paweł \"Trybson\" and Eliza's life. Two special episodes were created by Trybson and Eliza and MTV aired them to see if viewers are interested in lives of the two. Two episodes aired on September 27 and October 4, 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Real Time with Bill Maher",
"paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 20 February 21, 2003 (2003 - 02 - 21) September 26, 2003 (2003 - 09 - 26) 23 January 16, 2004 (2004 - 01 - 16) November 5, 2004 (2004 - 11 - 05) 23 February 18, 2005 (2005 - 02 - 18) November 4, 2005 (2005 - 11 - 04) 24 February 17, 2006 (2006 - 02 - 17) November 17, 2006 (2006 - 11 - 17) 5 24 February 16, 2007 (2007 - 02 - 16) November 2, 2007 (2007 - 11 - 02) 6 27 January 11, 2008 (2008 - 01 - 11) November 14, 2008 (2008 - 11 - 14) 7 31 February 20, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 20) October 16, 2009 (2009 - 10 - 16) 8 25 February 19, 2010 (2010 - 02 - 19) November 12, 2010 (2010 - 11 - 12) 9 35 January 14, 2011 (2011 - 01 - 14) November 11, 2011 (2011 - 11 - 11) 10 35 January 13, 2012 (2012 - 01 - 13) November 16, 2012 (2012 - 11 - 16) 11 35 January 18, 2013 (2013 - 01 - 18) November 22, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 22) 12 35 January 17, 2014 (2014 - 01 - 17) November 21, 2014 (2014 - 11 - 21) 13 35 January 9, 2015 (2015 - 01 - 09) November 20, 2015 (2015 - 11 - 20) 14 38 January 15, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 15) November 11, 2016 (2016 - 11 - 11) 15 TBA January 20, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 20) TBA",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 4)",
"paragraph_text": "The fourth season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror - drama television series on AMC, premiered on April 15, 2018, and will comprise 16 episodes split into two eight - episode parts. The second half of the season premiered on August 12, 2018. It is a companion series to The Walking Dead, and the season premiere contained the first crossover between the two series. The season features new showrunners Andrew Chambliss and Ian B. Goldberg, as well as several new cast members including The Walking Dead's Lennie James, who portrays Morgan Jones. The series also moved to a new filming location, Austin, Texas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Little Caesars",
"paragraph_text": "Little Caesar Enterprises Inc. (doing business as Little Caesars) is the third - largest pizza chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza. It operates and franchises pizza restaurants in the United States and internationally in Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. The company was founded in 1959 and is based in Detroit, Michigan, headquartered in the Fox Theatre building in Downtown. Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings, Inc.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint",
"paragraph_text": "Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint is a fast casual restaurant chain serving pizzas, salads and sandwiches with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jet's Pizza",
"paragraph_text": "Jet's America, Inc. (doing business as Jet's Pizza) is an American pizza franchise restaurant. It was founded in 1978 in Sterling Heights, Michigan, and operates primarily in the state of Michigan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Gossip Game",
"paragraph_text": "The Gossip Game is an American reality television series on VH1 that debuted on April 1, 2013, and chronicles the lives of seven media personalities who cover the urban entertainment market and reside in New York City. Cast member Vivian Billings confirmed via her blog in June 2013 that the series will not be returning for a second season.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When does the new season of the show starring the cast member of Pizza Man start? | [
{
"id": 435184,
"question": "Pizza Man >> cast member",
"answer": "Bill Maher",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 84856,
"question": "when does the new season of #1 start",
"answer": "January 20, 2017",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | January 20, 2017 | [] | true | When does the new season of the show starring the cast member of Pizza Man start? |
2hop__84937_148696 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Impeachment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model -- in New York, for instance, the Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the case, but the members of the seven - judge New York State Court of Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. A total of at least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth, Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma, escaped impeachment conviction by a single vote in 1912. Several others, most recently Connecticut's John G. Rowland, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the Illinois House of Representatives voted 117 - 1 to impeach Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the Illinois Senate on January 29. He was the eighth U.S. state governor to be removed from office.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": "Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kerala High Court",
"paragraph_text": "High Court of Kerala Established 1956 Country India Location Kochi, Kerala Coordinates 9 ° 59 ′ 10 ''N 76 ° 16 ′ 29'' E / 9.98611 ° N 76.27472 ° E / 9.98611; 76.27472 Coordinates: 9 ° 59 ′ 10 ''N 76 ° 16 ′ 29'' E / 9.98611 ° N 76.27472 ° E / 9.98611; 76.27472 Composition method Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state. Authorized by Constitution of India Decisions are appealed to Supreme Court of India Judge term length Mandatory retirement by age of 62 No. of positions 47 Website highcourtofkerala.nic.in Chief Justice Currently Hrishikesh Roy (Acting) Since 30th May 2018",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company, which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal Emperor. In 1773, motivated by corruption in the Company, the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773. A Governor-General and Supreme Council of Bengal were appointed to rule over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The first Governor-General and Council were named in the Act.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor-General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor-General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor-General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Impeachment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, this is done by the House of Representatives. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which officials have been impeached and subsequently convicted for prior crimes. The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. That trial, and their removal from office if convicted, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Analogous to a trial before a judge and jury, these proceedings are (where the legislature is bicameral) conducted by upper house of the legislature, which at the federal level is the Senate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Elphinstone Bridge, Chennai",
"paragraph_text": "Elphinstone Bridge is a bridge across the Adyar River in Chennai, India. Constructed in 1840 and named after the then Governor-General of India, the bridge is currently not in use and has been substituted with the newly built Thiru Vi. Ka. Bridge nearby.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas",
"paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Goa liberation movement",
"paragraph_text": "Major General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was appointed military governor of Goa that was first created by British government in 1934. In 1963, the Parliament of India passed the 12th Amendment Act to the Constitution of India, formally integrating the captured territories into the Indian Union. Goa, Daman and Diu became a Union Territory. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, which was previously a part of the Estado da India, but independent between 1954 and 1961, became a separate Union Territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "English Education Act 1835",
"paragraph_text": "The English Education Act was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by Lord William Bentinck, the then Governor - General of British India, to reallocate funds the East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India. Formerly, they had supported traditional Muslim and Hindu education and the publication of literature in the native learned tongues (Sanskrit and Persian); henceforward they were to support establishments teaching a Western curriculum with English as the language of instruction. Together with other measures promoting English as the language of administration and of the higher law courts (replacing Persian), this led eventually to English becoming one of the languages of India, rather than simply the native tongue of its foreign rulers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"paragraph_text": "The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his ``high crimes and misdemeanors, ''in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. The House's primary charge against Johnson was with violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress the previous year. Specifically, he had removed Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Secretary of War, whom the Tenure of Office Act was largely designed to protect, from office and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas. Contrary to popular belief, Johnson was not impeached for temporarily replacing Stanton with General Ulysses Grant earlier while Congress was not in session.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Indian independence movement",
"paragraph_text": "On 3 June 1947, Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor - General of India, announced the partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan. With the speedy passage through the British Parliament of the Indian Independence Act 1947, at 11: 57 on 14 August 1947 Pakistan was declared a separate nation, and at 12: 02, just after midnight, on 15 August 1947, India also became a sovereign and democratic nation. Eventually, 15 August became the Independence Day for India, due to the ending of British rule over India. On that 15 August, both Pakistan and India had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the British Commonwealth. In 1949, India decided to remain in the commonwealth.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": "The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Impeachment",
"paragraph_text": "Similar to the British system, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. national government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires a two - thirds majority vote. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed. Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution",
"paragraph_text": "Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the \"Radical Republicans.\" Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Edmund Burke",
"paragraph_text": "For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that \"began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'\"",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the position of the person impeached in England for acts committed as governor general of India? | [
{
"id": 84937,
"question": "who was impeached in england for acts committed as governor general of india",
"answer": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 148696,
"question": "What is the position of #1 ?",
"answer": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Governor-General of India | [
"Viceroy of India"
] | true | What is the position of the person impeached in England for acts committed as governor general of India? |
3hop2__90098_19639_10557 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Yanpar",
"paragraph_text": "Yanpar (also known as Gökkuşağı) is a village in Akdeniz district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It is situated just south of Çukurova motorway. The distance to Mersin is . The name of the village refers to the Yanpar tribe. Although there are no references to this tribe in historical records, according to the village website, Yanpar is the original name of the Yaparlu tribe of the historical records. Yanpar tribe is a Turkmen tribe that migrated from Central Anatolia to the present area during the short Egyptian rule in the 1830s. The population of the village was 730 as of 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kievan Rus'",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Allagash River",
"paragraph_text": "The Allagash River is a tributary of the Saint John River, approximately long, in northern Maine in the United States. It drains in a remote and scenic area of wilderness in the Maine North Woods north of Mount Katahdin. The name \"Allagash\" comes from the Abenaki language, a dialect of the Algonquin languages, spoken by the Penobscot Tribe The word, \"/walakéskʸihtəkʸ/\", means \"bark stream\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse",
"paragraph_text": "Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse (), also known as the Qasemi Bathhouse, is a traditional Iranian public bathhouse in Kashan, Iran. It was constructed in the 16th century, during the Safavid era; however, the bathhouse was damaged in 1778 as a result of an earthquake and was renovated during the Qajar era. The bathhouse is named after Imamzadeh Sultan Amir Ahmad, whose mausoleum is nearby.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Jenő",
"paragraph_text": "Jenő () is a Hungarian male given name, equivalent to Eugene. In Austria and Germany the name is often simplified to Jenö (which in Hungarian is a shorter vowel) and pronounced as German umlaut ö. Jenő is also the legendary founder of one of Hungary's original tribes, and the name of that tribe. Since the 19th century it became a variant of Eugen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "French Canadians",
"paragraph_text": "The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Erik Refilsson",
"paragraph_text": "Erik Refilsson was a semi-legendary king of Sweden of the House of Munsö, who would have lived in the early 9th century. One of the few surviving Scandinavian sources that deal with Swedish kings from this time is \"Hervarar saga\". It says:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mosaic",
"paragraph_text": "Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "William Harwar Parker",
"paragraph_text": "William Harwar Parker (October 8, 1826 – December 30, 1896) was an officer in the United States Navy and later in the Confederate States Navy. His autobiography, entitled \"Recollections of a Naval Officer 1841–1865\", provides a unique insight into the United States Navy of the mid-19th century during an era when the Age of Sail was coming to an end and the advent of steam power and ironclads was beginning.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Budapest",
"paragraph_text": "The Magyar tribes led by Árpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest, and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary. Research places the probable residence of the Árpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest. The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved that it is difficult to mount a defence on a plain. King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns and set his own royal palace on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361 it became the capital of Hungary.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Morgan Crofton",
"paragraph_text": "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Normans",
"paragraph_text": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann \"Northman\" or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kievan Rus'",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them \"back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves.\" The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ancient Egyptian deities",
"paragraph_text": "The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BC). Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period (before 3100 BC) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs. Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures. Some of these images, such as stars and cattle, are reminiscent of important features of Egyptian religion in later times, but in most cases there is not enough evidence to say whether the images are connected with deities. As Egyptian society grew more sophisticated, clearer signs of religious activity appeared. The earliest known temples appeared in the last centuries of the predynastic era, along with images that resemble the iconographies of known deities: the falcon that represents Horus and several other gods, the crossed arrows that stand for Neith, and the enigmatic \"Set animal\" that represents Set.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Erik Björnsson",
"paragraph_text": "Erik Björnsson was one of the sons of Björn Ironside and a semi-legendary king of Sweden of the House of Munsö, who would have lived in the late 9th century. One of the few surviving Scandinavian sources that deal with Swedish kings from this time is \"Hervarar saga\". It says:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Crimthann mac Fidaig",
"paragraph_text": "Crimthann Mór, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand Mór, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian Bóruma, over six hundred years later.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the form of the language that the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the king who united the 9th century tribes, later known as? | [
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 19639,
"question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the form of the language that the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the king who united the 9th century tribes, later known as? |
2hop__46213_494136 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Patrick Stewart",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1980s, Stewart began working in American television and film, with roles such as Captain Jean - Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation and its successor films, as Professor Charles Xavier in the X-Men series of superhero movies, the lead of the Starz TV series Blunt Talk, and voice roles such as CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock in American Dad! and the poo emoji in The Emoji Movie. Having remained with the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2008 Stewart played King Claudius in Hamlet on the West End and won a second Olivier Award.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Planet of the Apes characters",
"paragraph_text": "Dr. Zira is a chimpanzee psychologist and veterinarian, who specializes in the study of humans, in the novel and subsequent movie series Planet of the Apes. Zira was played in the first three Apes movies by actress Kim Hunter. Unique among the Apes characters, Zira has blue eyes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "I Live with Me Dad",
"paragraph_text": "I Live with Me Dad is a 1985 TV movie, produced by Crawfords Australia. The film is about six-year-old Crispy who lives with his destitute father Sid (Hehir). Based on a true story, it follows the street adventures of a father and son and his unconventional upbringing. A heart warming film that explores the extraordinary bond between a father and his son, amidst the pressures and emotions of those who would separate them.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth",
"paragraph_text": "\"Don't Look a Smith Horse in the Mouth\" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of \"American Dad!\". It aired on January 3, 2010 on Fox and was the first \"American Dad!\" episode to air in 720p high-definition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hell and Silence",
"paragraph_text": "Hell and Silence is the second extended play (EP) by American rock band Imagine Dragons, released on June 1, 2010. It was recorded at Battle Born Studios. All songs were written by Imagine Dragons and self-produced; the EP was in part mixed by Grammy nominated engineer Mark Needham. Most of the songs on this EP were remastered and included on \"Night Visions\", excluding \"All Eyes\" and \"Emma\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Labu dan Labi",
"paragraph_text": "Labu dan Labi (Labu and Labi) is a 1962 Singaporean buddy comedy film directed by and starring P. Ramlee. The movie was filmed in Singapore and it revolves around the antics of Labu and Labi, two servants with wild imaginations who work in the house of a wealthy but miserly man, Haji Bakhil bin Haji Kedekut. The movie is filmed in the style of a stage pantomime, with over-the-top comedy and featuring the characters occasionally talking directly to the audience. The film's sequel is \"Nasib Si Labu Labi\" (\"The Fate of Labu and Labi\" or \"What Happened to Labu and Labi\").",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Chandragupta",
"paragraph_text": "Chandragupta Maurya (Devanagari: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य) is an Indian historical drama being broadcast on Dangal TV, based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya, one of the major Indian Emperors of ancient India. It premiered on 20 December 2014. It is being re-aired on Dangal TV after Imagine TV was shut - down for unknown reasons. Chandragupta Maurya was first aired in March 2011 on Imagine TV. Ashish Sharma played the role of Chandragupta Maurya.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Scattering Dad",
"paragraph_text": "Scattering Dad is a 1998 American made-for-television drama film directed by Joan Tewkesbury and starring Olympia Dukakis and Andy Griffith. It aired on CBS on January 4, 1998.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Toy Whorey",
"paragraph_text": "\"Toy Whorey\" is the eighteenth episode and season finale of the secentg season of the animated comedy series \"American Dad!\". It aired on Fox in the United States on May 13, 2012. The episode plot mainly revolves around Stan trying to stop his fourteen-year-old son, Steve from playing with toys. The title and Steve's fantasy parodies \"Toy Story\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Scott Grimes",
"paragraph_text": "Scott Richard Grimes (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor, voice artist, singer, and songwriter. Some of his most prominent roles include appearances in ER as Dr. Archie Morris, Party of Five as Will McCorkle, Band of Brothers as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the animated sitcom American Dad!, voicing Steve Smith. He is also well known by cult movie fans for his role as Bradley Brown in the first two Critters films. As of September 10, 2017, he has been cast as a regular on the Fox sci - fi series, The Orville.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Scott Grimes",
"paragraph_text": "Scott Richard Grimes (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor, voice artist, singer, and songwriter. Some of his most prominent roles include appearances in ER as Dr. Archie Morris, Party of Five as Will McCorkle, Band of Brothers as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the animated sitcom American Dad!, voicing Steve Smith. He is also well known by cult movie fans for his role as Bradley Brown in the first two Critters films. As of September 10, 2017, he has been a regular on the Fox sci - fi comedy - drama The Orville.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Erra Bus",
"paragraph_text": "Erra Bus (English: Red Bus) is a 2014 Tollywood directed and produced by veteran actor and director Dasari Narayana Rao under his banner Tharaka Prabhu Films, it was his final film as director. The movie will feature Vishnu Manchu and Catherine Tresa in lead roles. Dasari Narayana Rao plays a crucial role in the movie. Chakri has composed the music for the movie while Anji has taken care of the cinematography. The movie is a remake of N. Ragavan’s Tamil film, Manjapai (2014). The principal photography of Erra Bus started on 28 July 2014 in Hyderabad. The audio launch of the movie was held on 31 October 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Nagamandala",
"paragraph_text": "Nagamandala is a movie based on folk tales spread in North Karnataka, India. The movie portrays lifestyle, food habits, and routine habits of medieval period in Karnataka. Snakes are considered sacred and are feared and worshipped. North Karnataka dialect is used for conversation. Supernatural elements play a central part in the film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)",
"paragraph_text": "I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Earl Pomerantz",
"paragraph_text": "Earl Pomerantz (born February 4, 1945 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is best known for his work as a television script writer. Pomerantz created the network television series \"Major Dad\", \"Family Man\" and \"Best of the West\", and wrote scripts for such shows as \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\", \"The Bob Newhart Show\", \"Taxi\", \"Cheers\", \"Newhart\", \"The Cosby Show\" and \"Major Dad\". He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Writers Guild of America Award, the Humanitas Prize and a CableACE Award.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Flush: A Biography",
"paragraph_text": "Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \"The Waves\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \"\", and to which she would return in \"Between the Acts\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "In the Name of the People (2000 film)",
"paragraph_text": "In the Name of the People is an American television movie drama. It was released in 2000 by CBS Productions and Jaffe/Braunstein Films. The movie was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was based on the play by Tim Boland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of My Name Is Earl characters",
"paragraph_text": "Carlton Hickey (played by Beau Bridges) is Earl and Randy's father. He first appears in ``Cost Dad the Election ''where he had run for mayor but lost because of Earl's shenanigans that got the latter arrested. He originally ran for mayor because of the airport flight path was directed over his residential area, causing his entire house to vibrate several times a day, which angers him very much. He is sorely disappointed in his sons and refused to have anything to do with Earl. However, he gradually realizes his son's efforts to improve his life were sincere and he and Earl are able to mend their relationship. In the episode`` Dad's Car'', he says that he had originally planned to name Earl after himself, but had put in an extra loop on the ``C ''when using cursive writing on the birth certificate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid",
"paragraph_text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a 2010 American comedy directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu - ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley (Dad), Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley (Mom), Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, and Connor & Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Greg's brother.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | The actor who plays the father in I Can Only Imagine has a wife played by who in another film? | [
{
"id": 46213,
"question": "i can only imagine movie who played the dad",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Meg Ryan | [] | true | The actor who plays the father in I Can Only Imagine has a wife played by who in another film? |
2hop__96410_47902 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Bourne Supremacy",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Supremacy is the second Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum, first published in 1986. It is the sequel to Ludlum's bestseller \"The Bourne Identity\" (1980) and precedes Ludlum's final Bourne novel, \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (1990).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bob Elkins",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Elkins (born 1932) is an American character actor who has appeared in movies, plays and television productions. He is sometimes credited as Robert Elkins.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charles Lamy",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Lamy (28 August 1857 – 15 June 1940) was a French actor. He was often cast to play aristocratic characters.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dominique Pinon",
"paragraph_text": "Dominique Pinon (born 4 March 1955) is a French actor. He is known for appearing in films directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, often playing eccentric or grotesque characters.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bourne (film series)",
"paragraph_text": "Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ludwig von Lahnstein",
"paragraph_text": "Ludwig von Lahnstein is a fictional character of the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is played by actor Krystian Martinek. He appeared from 22 December 2009 to the character's death on 23 April 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Karl Urban",
"paragraph_text": "Karl - Heinz Urban (born 7 June 1972) is a New Zealand actor. He has played Julius Caesar and Cupid in Xena: Warrior Princess and Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Éomer in the second and third installments of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Munder in Ghost Ship, Kirill in The Bourne Supremacy, Black Hat in Priest, John Grimm in Doom, William Cooper in Red, Gavin in Pete's Dragon, Vincent in The Loft, Vaako in the second and third installments of the Riddick film series, Dr. Leonard ``Bones ''McCoy in Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond, and Judge Dredd in Dredd. He won acclaim for his performances in New Zealand films The Price of Milk and Out of the Blue. He also played the main character John Kennex in the short - lived television series Almost Human. He plays Skurge in the 2017 Marvel Studios film Thor: Ragnarok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje",
"paragraph_text": "Adewale Akinnuoye - Agbaje (/ ˌædeɪˈwɑːleɪ ˌækɪˈnuː. eɪ ɑː ɡˈbɑːdʒeɪ /; born 22 August 1967) is an English actor and former fashion model. He is best known for his roles as Lock - Nah in The Mummy Returns, Nykwana Wombosi in The Bourne Identity, Mr. Eko on Lost, and Simon Adebisi on Oz. His more recent roles include Malko in the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, providing the voice to the title character on the animated series Major Lazer, Dave Duerson in the NFL biopic drama Concussion, and Killer Croc in Suicide Squad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Francis I of France",
"paragraph_text": "He was a recurring character in the Showtime series The Tudors, opposite Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Henry VIII and Natalie Dormer as Anne Boleyn. Francis is played by French actor, Emmanuel Leconte.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Lars Schneider",
"paragraph_text": "Lars Schneider is a fictional character of German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character has been played by actor Herbert Ulrich from 24 October 2002 to 18 May 2005 and again from 13 October 2006 to 29 August 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Raviv Ullman",
"paragraph_text": "Raviv Ullman (Hebrew: רביב אולמן ; born January 24, 1986), is an Israeli - American actor and musician. He is best known for playing Phil Diffy, the main character in the Disney Channel series Phil of the Future. The actor was credited as Ricky Ullman from 1997 until 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Bourne Ultimatum",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Ultimatum is the third Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (1986). First published in 1990, it was the last Bourne novel to be written by Ludlum himself. Eric Van Lustbader wrote a sequel titled \"The Bourne Legacy\" fourteen years later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Bourne Sanction",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Betrayal\" that was published in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the \"Jason Bourne\" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by \"The Bourne Identity\" (2002), \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (2004), and \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first \"Bourne\" novel, \"The Bourne Legacy\", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Emmanuel Lewis",
"paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Lewis (born March 9, 1971) is an American actor, best known for playing the title character in the 1980s television sitcom Webster.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Bourne Betrayal",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Legacy\" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to \"The Bourne Betrayal\" titled \"The Bourne Sanction\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Alfred Adam",
"paragraph_text": "Alfred Adam (4 April 1908 – 7 May 1982) was a French stage and film character actor, who usually played weak or villainous roles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Canadian Tire guy",
"paragraph_text": "The Canadian Tire guy is a character played by actor Ted Simonett in a series of television commercials for Canadian Tire stores that ran for eight years. The character typically touted the features and benefits of products unique to Canadian Tire in a friendly, helpful everyday scenario.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the actor who plays the title character in The Bourne Betrayal? | [
{
"id": 96410,
"question": "The The Bourne Betrayal has what character?",
"answer": "Jason Bourne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 47902,
"question": "who is the actor who plays #1",
"answer": "Matt Damon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Matt Damon | [] | true | Who is the actor who plays the title character in The Bourne Betrayal? |
2hop__57638_90991 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Desmond Mason",
"paragraph_text": "Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jim Farmer",
"paragraph_text": "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Fennis Dembo",
"paragraph_text": "Fennis Marx Dembo (born January 24, 1966) is a retired American professional basketball player for the 1989 National Basketball Association champion Detroit Pistons. A small forward, he only played in the NBA for one season, averaging 1.2 points and 0.7 rebounds in 31 games. He was selected by the Pistons in the second round (30th overall) of the 1988 NBA Draft.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2016 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)",
"paragraph_text": "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "1974 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "The 1974 NBA draft was the 28th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on May 28, 1974, before the 1974–75 season. In this draft, 18 NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The first two picks in the draft belonged to the teams that finished last in each conference, with the order determined by a coin flip. The Portland Trail Blazers won the coin flip and were awarded the first overall pick, while the Philadelphia 76ers were awarded the second pick. The remaining first-round picks and the subsequent rounds were assigned to teams in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. Prior to the draft, the Capital Bullets were renamed the Washington Bullets. An expansion franchise, the New Orleans Jazz, took part in the NBA Draft for the first time and were assigned the tenth pick in each round. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. Before the draft, 20 college underclassmen were declared eligible for selection under the \"hardship\" rule. These players had applied and gave evidence of financial hardship to the league, which granted them the right to start earning their living by starting their professional careers earlier. The draft consisted of 10 rounds comprising the selection of 178 players.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Brian Winters",
"paragraph_text": "Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best \"pure shooter\" in history, claiming that \"he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2018 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 NBA draft was held on June 21, 2018, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur United States college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It was televised nationally by ESPN. This draft was the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gave teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft. It was also considered the final year where undrafted college underclassmen were forced to begin their professional careers early; on August 8, 2018, the NCAA announced that players who declared for the NBA draft and were not selected would have the opportunity to return to their school for at least another year. With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick. The Suns' selection was their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history. They used the selection on the Bahamian center Deandre Ayton from the nearby University of Arizona.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2007 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Bobby Portis",
"paragraph_text": "Bobby Portis (born February 10, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was drafted with the 22nd overall pick by the Chicago Bulls in the 2015 NBA draft.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Duane Causwell",
"paragraph_text": "Duane Causwell (born May 31, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player who was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 18th overall pick of the 1990 NBA draft. He played 11 years in the National Basketball Association for the Kings and the Miami Heat averaging 4.9 ppg in his career. Causwell played college basketball at Temple University.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jeryl Sasser",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cazzie Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Cazzie Lee Russell (born June 7, 1944) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. An NBA All-Star, he was selected by the New York Knicks with the first overall pick of the 1966 NBA draft. He won an NBA championship with the Knicks in 1970.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Shandon Anderson",
"paragraph_text": "Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jonas Valančiūnas",
"paragraph_text": "Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Albert Burditt",
"paragraph_text": "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. The most recent champion is Russell Westbrook, who averaged a career - high 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tony Windis",
"paragraph_text": "Tony Windis (born January 27, 1933) is a former NBA basketball player for the Detroit Pistons. Windis played college basketball at the University of Wyoming, where he ranks 2nd all time in the school's career scoring average with 21.2 ppg. He was drafted with the second pick in the fifth round of the 1959 NBA Draft. He appeared in nine games for the Detroit Pistons in the 1959-60 NBA season and he averaged 4.0 points per game, 5.2 rebounds per game and 3.6 assists per game.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2018 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 NBA draft will be held on June 21, 2018 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams will take turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It will be televised nationally by ESPN. This draft will be the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gives teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft. With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick. The Suns' selection is their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was picked over the player with the highest point average in NBA history in the draft? | [
{
"id": 57638,
"question": "who has the highest point average in nba history",
"answer": "Kevin Durant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 90991,
"question": "who was picked over #1 in the draft",
"answer": "Greg Oden",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Greg Oden | [] | true | Who was picked over the player with the highest point average in NBA history in the draft? |
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