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2hop__51881_20590 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Déagol",
"paragraph_text": "Déagol is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. His story is related in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\", the first of three volumes comprising Tolkien's most famous novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\", in the chapter \"The Shadow of the Past\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Billy Boyd (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "One Ring",
"paragraph_text": "The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win domination over Middle - earth. The Lord of the Rings concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from fulfilling his design.The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (195",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
"paragraph_text": " in the appendices with original material, inThe Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J.RThe Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J.R.R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best - selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Billy Boyd (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor and musician. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor. He played Pere",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Elijah Wood",
"paragraph_text": " 2006, Wood was also in Season 2 Episode 6 of American Dad!. He was the voice of Ethan, a college student and Haley's crush, who listens to Professor Baxter's (Roger) advice about following your heart and doing something new. Ethan takes this the wrong way and stabs his father 38 times (not shown) and becomes very crazy. Roger admits to being a fake, and he and Hayley leave, saying that the police areElijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He is best known for his high - profile leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 03).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger of the North, first introduced with the name Strider at Bree, as the Hobbits continued to call him throughout \"The Lord of the Rings\". He was eventually revealed to be the heir of Isildur and rightful claimant to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor. He was also a confidant of Gandalf and an integral part of the quest to destroy the One Ring and defeat the Dark Lord Sauron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of recurring musical themes used.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": "Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Ian Holm",
"paragraph_text": " as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.AHolm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the stressed but gentle priest Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element and the tormented plaintiff's lawyer in The Sweet Hereafter. In 2001 he starred in From Hell as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He reappeared in the trilogy in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sarah McLeod",
"paragraph_text": "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations. Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900, with the Australian colonies federating in 1901. The term \"dominion status\" was officially introduced at the Colonial Conference of 1907.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.TheThe music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the date of achieving self-rule in the area where the Lord of the Rings movie was shot? | [
{
"id": 51881,
"question": "where is the lord of the rings filmed",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 20590,
"question": "When did #1 achieve self-government?",
"answer": "after 1900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | after 1900 | [] | true | When was self-government achieved in the location where Lord of the Rings was filmed? |
2hop__131275_72870 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ben Carson",
"paragraph_text": "Carson was the featured speaker at the 1997 National Prayer Breakfast. His widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast catapulted him to conservative fame for his views on social and political issues. On May 4, 2015, he announced he was running for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election at a rally in his hometown of Detroit. In March 2016, following the Super Tuesday primaries, he suspended his campaign and announced he would be the new national chairman of My Faith Votes, a group that encourages Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. He then endorsed the candidacy of Donald Trump.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View was a census-designated place (CDP) in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,355 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was split into two CDPs, North Vandergrift and Pleasant View.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Highland View Academy",
"paragraph_text": "Highland View Academy is a private co-educational secondary boarding school located in Hagerstown, Maryland in the United States, and run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Mountain View, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "The Town of Mountain View is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Mountain View is situated west of, and adjacent to, the city and county of Denver. As of the 2010 census, the population of Mountain View was 507. The Denver Post Office (ZIP Code 80212) serves Mountain View.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pleasant Hill, Nevada County, Arkansas",
"paragraph_text": "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is located on Arkansas Highway 19, north-northwest of Prescott.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2016 United States presidential election in Texas",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by an 8.99% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump less than the assigned electoral votes.less electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump fewer than the assigned electoral votes. Even then, its 36 electoral votesThe 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by a 9% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2016 United States presidential election in Florida",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was won by Donald Trump on November 8, 2016, with a plurality of 49.0% of the popular vote that included a 1.2% winning margin over Hillary Clinton, who had 47.8% of the vote. Florida's 29 electoral votes were assigned to Trump.The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was won by Donald Trump on November 8, 2016, with a plurality of 49.0% of the popular vote that included a 1.2% winningThe 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was won by Donald Trump on November 8, 2016, with a plurality of 49.0% of the popular vote that included a 1.2% winning margin over Hillary Clinton, who had 47.8% of the vote. Florida's 29 electoral votes were assigned to Trump.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2016 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "United States presidential election, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 55.7% 0.8 pp Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 304 227 States carried 30 + ME - 02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,984,825 65,853,516 Percentage 7001461000000000000 ♠ 46.1% 7001482000000000000 ♠ 48.2% Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump / Pence, blue denotes those won by Clinton / Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state. Faithless votes: Colin Powell 3 (WA), John Kasich 1 (TX), Ron Paul 1 (TX), Bernie Sanders 1 (HI), Faith Spotted Eagle 1 (WA) President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican emerged as his party's front-runner amidst a wide field of candidates in the Republican primary, defeating U.S. senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio, governors John Kasich and Jeb Bush,United States presidential election, 2016 ← ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pleasant Grove, Woodruff County, Arkansas",
"paragraph_text": " Grove is located on Arkansas Highway 33,Pleasant Grove is an unincorporated community in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Grove is located on Arkansas Highway 33, west of Tupelo.PlePleasant Grove is an unincorporated community in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Grove is located on Arkansas Highway 33, west of Tupelo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pleasant Lake, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Pleasant Lake is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Michigan, United States. Pleasant Lake is located in Henrietta Township just south of the lake itself. Pleasant Lake has a post office with ZIP code 49272. In addition to the post office there is a party store, a gas station, and Christ Episcopal Church.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2016 United States presidential election in Texas",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by a 9% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump fewer than the assigned electoral votes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Christian Science Pleasant View Home",
"paragraph_text": "The Christian Science Pleasant View Home is a historic senior citizen residential facility located at 227 Pleasant Street in Concord, New Hampshire, in the United States, It was built in 1927 by the Christian Science Board of Directors as a retirement home for aged Christian Science practitioners and other workers in the cause of Christian Science and occupies the site of \"Pleasant View\", Mary Baker Eddy's last home before moving to Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in 1908. It is now Pleasant View Retirement, a senior independent living facility. On September 19, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pleasant Hill, Saline County, Arkansas",
"paragraph_text": "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is north of Benton. The Pleasant Hill Methodist Church, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Pleasant Hill. Pleasant Hill was established before the Civil War as an agricultural community. The church has historically served as a community center and hosts a community reunion on the third Sunday of July each year.Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is north of Benton. The Pleasant Hill Methodist Church, which is listed on the National Register",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Upland, Indiana",
"paragraph_text": "Upland is a town in Jefferson Township, Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,845 at the 2010 census. It is most notable for being the home ofUpland is a town in Jefferson Township, Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,845 at the 2010 census. It is most notable for being the home of Taylor University, a Christian college with 2,103 students, as of 2016.Upland is a town in Jefferson Township, Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,845 at the 2010 census. It is most notable for being the home of Taylor University, a Christian college with 2,103 students, as of 2016.Upland is a town in Jefferson Township, Grant County",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the 2016 elections, who received the votes from the state where the Christian Science Pleasant View Home resides? | [
{
"id": 131275,
"question": "Which state is Christian Science Pleasant View Home located?",
"answer": "New Hampshire",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 72870,
"question": "who did #1 vote for in 2016",
"answer": "Hillary Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Hillary Clinton | [
"Clinton",
"Hillary"
] | true | Who did the state where Christian Science Pleasant View Home was located vote for in 2016? |
4hop1__39871_314549_131976_44528 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mosaic Dallas",
"paragraph_text": "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mälartorget",
"paragraph_text": "Mälartorget () is a public square in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden, named after its location on the western waterfront of the old town facing Lake Mälaren. Connected to the square are the streets and alleys Munkbrogatan, Schönfeldts Gränd, Tyska Brinken, and Lejonstedts Gränd, while the traffic route Munkbroleden separates its from the quay. The main exit of the Gamla stan metro station is located on Mälartorget.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_text": " and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kera railway station",
"paragraph_text": "ullan Saviteollisuus OY\nKera OY (from 1936)\nThe factory's products have included flower pots, Finnish rooster-whistles, pans, trays, tea pots, ash trays and airKera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situatedKera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico",
"paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Herbesthal railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Herbesthal railway station was the Prussian/German frontier station on the main railway from Germany into Belgium between 1843 and 1920. It opened to rail traffic on 15 October 1843, and was thereby the oldest railway station frontier crossing in the world. It lost its border status on 10 January 1920, however, as a result of changes mandated in the Treaty of Versailles, which left Herbesthal more than 10 km (6 miles) inside Belgium.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Villa District",
"paragraph_text": "The Villa District, also known as Villa Historic District, () is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on Chicago's Northwest Side within the community area of Irving Park. Its borders are along Pulaski Road to the west, the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line to the north, Hamlin Avenue to the east, and Addison Street to the south. Located directly north of the Wacławowo area of Avondale, the Villa District is serviced by the Blue Line's Addison street station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Kipling GO Station",
"paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway",
"paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish RailOulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "McCarren Park",
"paragraph_text": "McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), who began work as a cooper at Williamsburg sugar refineries and eventually became the Democratic boss of Brooklyn. The park is a popular destination for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also used for sunbathing and dog-walking. In late 2004, the park's track was resurfaced and has been a popular destination for running enthusiasts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Newport News, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dallas Municipal Building",
"paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In which location does the Gulf of Mexico intersect with the ocean bordering the state that houses a rail line shared by the Williamsburg, Main Street, and another train stations? | [
{
"id": 39871,
"question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?",
"answer": "Newport News",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 314549,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 131976,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 44528,
"question": "where does the gulf and #3 meet",
"answer": "Florida Straits",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Florida Straits | [
"FL",
"Florida"
] | true | Williamsburg, Main Street station and another station share a track in a state bounded by an ocean. Where does that ocean meet the Gulf of Mexico? |
3hop2__30956_65244_84681 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2021 America's Cup",
"paragraph_text": "36th America's Cup Defender New Zealand Defender club: Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Yacht: TBD Challenger Italy Challenger club: Circolo della Vela Sicilia Yacht: TBD Competition Location: Auckland, New Zealand Dates: March 2021 Winner: TBD Score: TBD",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sayville Yacht Club",
"paragraph_text": "The Sayville Yacht Club is a private yacht club with its facilities located in Blue Point, New York. It was founded in Sayville, New York before the First World War. The club fell on hard times during the Great Depression and became inactive. After the Second World War, a group of local residents and war veterans reclaimed the club's charter and relocated the SYC to its present location. Land was acquired and the club's first clubhouse, a Victorian bath house, was floated from Cherry Grove, New York. Early Commodores of the Sayville Yacht Club included many of those active in re-activating the club; including George C. Palmer, Douglas Westin, George Heinrich and others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oswego Yacht Club",
"paragraph_text": "The first clubhouse was erected on the shores of Lake Ontario in 1883. Eventually more space was needed and OYC built a new clubhouse in 1919, the facility now known as the McCrobie Civic Center and for a time as the Naval Militia Building, a historic clubhouse building located at Oswego in Oswego County, New York. It was built in two phases; the center section was begun in 1914 and completed in 1919 as the yacht club. The east and west wings were added in 1949-50 by New York State when the building was occupied as the New York State Naval Militia Armory and U.S. Naval Reserve Training Center. The original section is a one-story Arts and Crafts style building with a walk out basement in the rear and Colonial Revival features. It was designed by noted Rochester architect Claude Fayette Bragdon (1866-1946). It is essentially a rectangular building with a hipped roof. It features a five sided room in the back with a five faceted hipped roof. The wings are two story structures measuring 70.4 feet by 40.4 feet. The city of Oswego acquired the building in 1978 for $50,000 and it is used as a municipal and recreation center.The first clubhouse was erected on the shores of Lake Ontario in 1883. Eventually more space was needed and OYC built a new clubhouse in 1919, the facility now known as the McCrobie Civic Center and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Bronx",
"paragraph_text": " of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.TheThe development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederick Philipse, lord of Philipse Manor. The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek. In 1759, the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a \"free bridge\" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether. record labels. After only twelve live performances the band signed a contract with the IslandThe Bronx /��br����ks/",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "New Amsterdam",
"paragraph_text": "Half Moon ''), captained by Henry Hudson in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of Maurice of Nassau, Prince ofIn 1524, nearly a century before the arrival of the Dutch, the site that later became New Amsterdam was named New Angoulême by the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, to commemorate his patron King Francis I of France, former Count of Angoulême. The first recorded exploration by the Dutch of the area around what is now called New York Bay was in 1609 with the voyage of the ship Halve Maen (English: ``Half Moon ''), captained by Henry Hudson in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Holland's stadholder. Hudson named the river the Mauritius River. He was covertly attempting to find the Northwest Passage for the Dutch East India Company. Instead, he brought back news about the possibility of exploitation of beaver by the Dutch who sent commercial, private missions to the area the following years.,500 living in New Amsterdam. By 1664, the population of New Netherland had risen to almost 9,000 people, 2,500 of whom lived in New Amsterdam, 1,000 lived near Fort Orange, and the remainder in other towns and villages.\nIn 1664, the English took over New Amsterdam and renamed",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": " for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C)Europeans came to the Delaware Valley in the early 17th century, with the first settlements founded by the Dutch, who in 1623 built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River opposite the Schuylkill River in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina (present day Wilmington, Delaware) and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their military defeat of the English colony of Maryland. In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill near the present-day Eastwick section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The Swedes responded by building Fort Nya Korsholm, named New Korsholm after a town that is now in Finland. In 1655, a Dutch military campaign led by New Netherland Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence, although the Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to have their own militia, religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, but the situation did not really change until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Museo de las Casas Reales",
"paragraph_text": "The Museo de las Casas Reales (English: \"Museum of the Royal Houses\") is one of the important cultural monuments built during the colonial era in Hispaniola, now the Dominican Republic. It is located in the Colonial district of Santo Domingo.The Museo de las Casas Reales (English: \"Museum of the Royal Houses\") is one of the important cultural monuments builtThe Museo de las Casas Reales (English: \"Museum of the Royal Houses\") is one of the important cultural monuments built during the colonial era in Hispaniola, now the Dominican Republic. It is located in the Colonial district of Santo Domingo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "USS Gem (SP-41)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Gem\" was built in 1913 as a private steam-powered yacht of the same name by George Lawley & Son at Neponset, Massachusetts. The U.S. Navy acquired her under charter from her owner, William Ziegler, Jr., on 26 March 1917 for World War I service. She was commissioned as USS \"Gem\" (SP-41) on 1 June 1917 at New York City with Ensign Leroy J. Small, USNRF, in command.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "1689 Boston revolt",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 1680s, King Charles II of England began taking steps to reorganize the colonies of New England. The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was revoked in 1684 after its leaders refused to act on his demands for reforms in the colony, when Charles sought to streamline the administration of the colonies and bring them more closely under crown control. He died in 1685 but his successor continued the efforts, Roman Catholic James II, culminating in his creation of the Dominion of New England. He appointed former New York governor Sir Edmund Andros as dominion governor in 1686. The dominion was composed of the territories of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Connecticut Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, and the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. In 1688, its jurisdiction was expanded to include New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey.Andros's rule was extremely unpopular in New England. He disregarded local representation, denied the validity of existing land titles in Massachusetts (which had been dependent on the old charter), restricted town meetings, and forced the Church of England into largely Puritan regions. He also enforced the Navigation Acts which threatened the existence of certain trading practices of New England. The royal troops stationed in Boston were often mistreated by their officers, who were supporters of the governor and often either Anglican or Roman Catholic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "John Kerry",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "USS Lady Mary (SP-212)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Lady Mary\" was built as the civilian yacht \"Glenda\" in 1905 by George Lawley & Son at Boston, Massachusetts. She was owned by B. E. Niese of New York City and C. S. Smith of Stamford, Connecticut, and was eventually renamed \"Lady Mary\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Thirteen Colonies",
"paragraph_text": "In 1606, King James I of England granted charters to both the Plymouth Company and the London Company for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in North America. The first permanently settled English colony on the North American continent was the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, established 1607. The Plymouth Company did found the Popham Colony on the Kennebec River, but it was short - lived. The Plymouth Council for New England sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with Plymouth Colony, which was settled by the English Puritans who are known today as the Pilgrims. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful North American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The 13 colonies were complete with the establishment of the Province of Georgia in 1732, although the term ``Thirteen Colonies ''became current only in the context of the American Revolution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "History of New York (state)",
"paragraph_text": "The history of New York begins around 10,000 BC, when the first native peoples arrived. By 1100 AD, New York's main native cultures, the Iroquoian and Algonquian, had developed. European discovery of New York was led by the French in 1524 and the first land claim came in 1609 by the Dutch. As part of New Netherland, the colony was important in the fur trade and eventually became an agricultural resource thanks to the patroon system. In 1626 the Dutch bought the island of Manhattan from Native Americans. In 1664, England renamed the colony New York, after the Duke of York (later James II & VII.) New York City gained prominence in the 18th century as a major trading port in the Thirteen Colonies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Staten Island",
"paragraph_text": "The towns of Staten Island were dissolved in 1898 with the consolidation of the City of Greater New York, as Richmond County became one of the five boroughs of the expanded city. Although consolidated into the City of Greater New York in 1898, the county sheriff of Staten Island maintained control of the jail system, unlike the other boroughs who had gradually transferred control of the jails to the Department of Correction. The jail system was not transferred until January 1, 1942. Today, Staten Island is the only borough without a New York City Department of Correction major detention center. New York City Subway system, but SIR riders do receive a free transfer to New York City Transit bus and subway lines, and the line is included on official New York City Subway maps. Commuters on the railway typically use the Staten Island Ferry to reach Manhattan. The line is accessible from within the Ferry Terminal, and most of its trains are timed to connect with the ferry. In 2023, theThe towns of Staten Island were dissolved in 1898 with the consolidation of the City of Greater New York, as Richmond County became one of the five boroughs of the expanded city. Although consolidated into the City of Greater New York in 1898, the county sheriff of Staten Island maintained control of the jail system, unlike the other boroughs who had gradually transferred control of the jails to the Department of Correction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "son and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed. it was adapted to a cool, temperate environment rather than a warm, tropical one. The first European explorer known to have visited New Zealand was theOn 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred MāoriThe history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the rulers of New York, prior to its transformation into an English colony, arrive in the nation where the yacht of John Kerry was constructed? | [
{
"id": 30956,
"question": "Where was Kerry's yacht built?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 65244,
"question": "who controlled new york before it became an english colony",
"answer": "the Dutch",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 84681,
"question": "when did the #2 come to #1",
"answer": "13 December 1642",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 13 December 1642 | [] | true | When did the people who controlled New York before it became an English colony, come to the country where John Kerry's yacht was built? |
3hop2__6989_37759_74563 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Harvard University",
"paragraph_text": "Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called \"New College\" or \"the college at New Towne\". In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard, who was an alumnus of the University of Cambridge. He had left the school £779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "William Alfred",
"paragraph_text": "William Alfred (August 16, 1922 – May 20, 1999) was a playwright and Professor of English literature at Harvard University. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and served in the Army tank corps and quartermaster's corps in World War II. He received a B.A. from Brooklyn College in 1948, and received an M.A. in English from Harvard in 1949. He earned his Ph.D. at Harvard in 1954. He began teaching at Harvard that same year and was appointed full professor in 1963, and in 1980 named Abbott Lawrence Lowell Professor of the Humanities. He retired in 1991.William Alfred (August 16, 1922 – May 20, 1999) was a playwright and Professor of English literature at Harvard University. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and served in the Army tank corps and quartermaster's corps in World War II",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Philip Child",
"paragraph_text": " 1921 and received a Master of Arts and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He was a journalist and taught for a time at the University of British Columbia while writing several novels. In 1942, he became a professor at Trinity College eventually becoming Chancellor's Professor of English.PhBorn in Hamilton, Ontario, the son of William Addison Child and Elizabeth Helen (Harvey) Child graduated from Ridley College, St. Catharines in 1915 and then studied at Trinity College where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree after serving during World War I. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Christ's College, Cambridge in 1921 and received a Master of Arts and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He was a journalist and taught for a time at the University of British Columbia while writing several novels. In 1942, he became a professor at Trinity College eventually becoming Chancellor's Professor of English.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ronald S. Sullivan Jr.",
"paragraph_text": "Ronald S. Sullivan Jr. (born December 12, 1966 in Gary, Indiana) is a law professor at Harvard Law School. Sullivan graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Morehouse College in 1989 and received his Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1994. Prior to joining the Harvard Law School faculty, Sullivan served as the Director of the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Protestantism",
"paragraph_text": "As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "First university in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Harvard University calls itself ``the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States ''and this claim is rarely challenged. It is possible to disagree what year should be taken as Harvard's`` real'' founding date (Harvard uses the earliest possible one, 1636, when the institution was chartered by the Massachusetts Bay Colony). However, Harvard has operated since 1650 under the same corporation, the ``President and Fellows of Harvard College ''; it thus has an unbroken institutional history dating back to the mid seventeenth century (an official Harvard web page for the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences claims,`` Founded in 1636, Harvard is America's oldest university'').",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "History of Facebook",
"paragraph_text": "Facebook is a social networking service launched on February 4, 2004. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommate and fellow Harvard University student Eduardo Saverin. The website's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and gradually most universities in the United States and Canada, corporations, and by September 2006, to everyone with a valid email address along with an age requirement of being 13 and older.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Norman Birnbaum",
"paragraph_text": "He was educated in New York City's public schools, at Williams College, and has a doctorate in sociology from Harvard University. He taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Oxford University, the University of Strasbourg, Amherst College, served on the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research and was Distinguished Fulbright Professor at the University of Bologna.He was educated in New York City's public schools, at Williams College, and has a doctorate in sociology from Harvard University",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "College of William & Mary",
"paragraph_text": " Mary, W&M, and officially the College of William and Mary in Virginia) is a public research university in Williamsburg,The College of William & Mary (also known as William & Mary, W&M, and officially the College of William and Mary in Virginia) is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia. Founded in 1693 by letters patent issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second - oldest institution of higher education in the United States, after Harvard University.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "John N. Scales",
"paragraph_text": "John N. Scales is a former member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1973 to 1974. Prior to his time in the Senate, he served as the District Attorney for Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania from 1969-1972 and as the Assistant District Attorney from 1966-1969. He was elected as a delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention in 1967. An alumnus of Yale University and Harvard Law School, he was the college roommate of Dick Thornburgh, an eventual Pennsylvania Governor and United States Attorney General. Scales has also served on the Yale Board of Governors and in 2011 was awarded the Yale Medal, the school's highest honor for service to the university.John N. Scales is a former member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1973 to 1974. Prior to his time in the Senate, he served",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": " most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in theVarious LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine. Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.A global city, Boston is placed among the top ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Harvard University",
"paragraph_text": "umnus of the University of Cambridge. He had left the school £779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ItEstablished originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard (its first benefactor), Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning, and the Harvard Corporation (formally, the President and Fellows of Harvard College) is its first chartered corporation. Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, and by the 19th century Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869–1909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Cerulean Lake",
"paragraph_text": "Cerulean Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Cerulean Lake is in a cirque surrounded by high peaks including Rainbow Peak to the west, which rises more than above the lake. Melt from Rainbow Glacier to the west enters Cerulean lake via Rainbow Creek and other sources.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Green (Dartmouth College)",
"paragraph_text": "The Green (formally the College Green) is a grass-covered field and common space at the center of Dartmouth College, an Ivy League university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. It was among the first parcels of land obtained by the College upon its founding in 1769, and is the only creation of the 18th century remaining at the center of the campus. After being cleared of pine trees, it initially served as a pasture and later as an athletic field for College sporting events. Today, it is a central location for rallies, celebrations, and demonstrations, and serves as a general, all-purpose recreation area. The College describes the Green as \"historic\" and as the \"emotional center\" of the institution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of the Puritans in North America",
"paragraph_text": "Other Puritans were convinced that New England could provide a religious refuge, and the enterprise was reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay Company. In March 1629, it succeeded in obtaining from King Charles a royal charter for the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the arrival date of the religious group that established Harvard College, in the area of the U.S. covered by the Rainbow Times? | [
{
"id": 6989,
"question": "What locations does the Rainbow Times serve?",
"answer": "all of New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 37759,
"question": "Who founded Harvard College?",
"answer": "the Puritans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 74563,
"question": "when did the #2 arrive in #1",
"answer": "1630",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 1630 | [] | true | When did the religious order that founded Harvard College, arrive in the region of the U.S. served by the Rainbow Times? |
2hop__43283_86694 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game",
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 Major League Baseball All - Star Game was the 87th edition of the Major League Baseball All - Star Game. The game was hosted by the San Diego Padres and was played at Petco Park on July 12, 2016. It was televised nationally on Fox. The American League All - Stars defeated the National League All - Stars by a score of 4 -- 2 to win home field advantage for the 2016 World Series (which went to the Cleveland Indians). This was also the last time home - field advantage for the World Series was determined by the outcome of the All - Star Game.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ali Al Ansari",
"paragraph_text": "Ali competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics. Although he did not win any medals in the 2000 games he did win the bronze medal in the T37 400m in 2004.Ali competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics. Although he did not win any medals in the 2000 games he did win the bronze medal in the T37 400m in 2004.Ali competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics. Although he did not win any medals in the 2000 games he did win the bronze medal in the T37 400m in 2004.Ali competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games",
"paragraph_text": "inety-three Major League Baseball All-Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads theEighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 195Eighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988 the AL has dominated, winning 24 of 31 with one tie. In 2018 the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "List of San Diego Padres managers",
"paragraph_text": "There have been 18 managers for the Padres franchise. The team's first manager was Preston Gómez, who managed for four seasons. Bruce Bochy is the franchise's all - time leader for the most regular - season games managed (1926), the most regular - season game wins (951), the most playoff games managed (24), and the most playoff - game wins (8). Bob Skinner is the Padres' all - time leader for the highest regular - season winning percentage, as he has only managed one game, which he won. Of the managers who have managed a minimum of 162 games (one season), Jack McKeon has the highest regular - season winning percentage with. 541, having managed for 357 games. Dick Williams, the only Padres manager to have been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, is the franchise's all - time leader for the highest playoff winning percentage with. 400. Williams and Bochy are the only managers to have won an NL Championship with the Padres, in 1984 and 1998 respectively. Bochy and Black are the only managers to have won a Manager of the Year Award with the Padres, in 1996 and 2010. Greg Riddoch and Jerry Coleman have spent their entire managing careers with the Padres.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Goal Storm",
"paragraph_text": "Goal Storm (known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven in Japan) is a football video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. It was released for the Sony PlayStation game console in 1995 in North America and in 1996 in other regions. The cover is the same with J-League Jikkyou Winning Eleven, with different colours.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Premier League records and statistics",
"paragraph_text": "Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016 -- 17) Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007 -- 08) Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record: Sunderland (2005 -- 06) Derby County (2007 -- 08) Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record: Chelsea (2005 -- 06) Manchester United (2010 -- 11) Manchester City (2011 -- 12) Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004 -- 05) Fewest away wins in a season (19 / 21 games): 0, joint record: Leeds United (1992 -- 93) Coventry City (1999 -- 2000) Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003 -- 04) Norwich City (2004 -- 05) Derby County (2007 -- 08) Hull City (2009 -- 10) Most consecutive wins: 14, Arsenal (between 10 February 2002 and 24 August 2002) Most consecutive wins in a season (38 games): 13, joint record: Arsenal (2001 -- 02) Chelsea (2016 -- 17) Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007 -- 08) Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012) Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012) Most consecutive away wins: 11, Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Concentration (game show)",
"paragraph_text": "Concentration is an American television game show based on the children's memory game of the same name. Matching cards represented prizes that contestants could win. As matching pairs of cards were gradually removed from the board, it would slowly reveal elements of a rebus puzzle that contestants had to solve to win a match. show was broadcast on and off from 1958 to 1991, presented by various hosts",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "J.League Jikkyō Winning Eleven 2001",
"paragraph_text": "J-League Jikkyō Winning Eleven 2001 is a sports video game developed by KonJ-League Jikkyō Winning Eleven 2001 is a sports video game developed by Konami for the PlayStation exclusively in Japan on June 2001. It is an addition to the Winning Eleven J-League series, and the successor to the J-League Winning Eleven 2000. The game only features club teams (no national teams) and teams from both tiers of the J. League totalling 28 teams. The game also features seven foreign teams from the European football leagues.The game uses the ISS Pro Evolution 2 engine.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Three points for a win",
"paragraph_text": "Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three (rather than two) points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives one point. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws such that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Game theory",
"paragraph_text": "Constant-sum games correspond to activities like theft and gambling, but not to the fundamental economic situation in which there are potential gains from trade. It is possible to transform any game into a (possibly asymmetric) zero-sum game by adding a dummy player (often called \"the board\") whose losses compensate the players' net winnings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Great Britain at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins has the most overall medals by a British Olympian (and thus often referred to in the media as the ``most decorated British Olympian '') with eight. Sir Steve Redgrave is the only British Olympian to win a Gold Medal in five consecutive Olympic Games, winning his first in 1984 Los Angeles and last in 2000 Sydney. With five golds and a bronze, Redgrave is the most successful Olympic male rower of all time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association longest winning streaks",
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of the longest winning streaks in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The list includes streaks that started at the end of one season and carried over into the following season. There are two lists, streaks that consist entirely of regular - season games and streaks made up of playoff games only. The Los Angeles Lakers hold the record for the longest winning streak in NBA history. They won 33 straight games in the 1971 -- 72 season, compiling a season - best 69 -- 13 record and went on to win the NBA Finals. In the 2016 -- 17 season, the Golden State Warriors posted a season - best 67 -- 15 regular - season record and began the 2017 playoffs with a 15 game win - streak, the most consecutive wins in NBA playoff history. They went on to win the NBA Championship with a 16 -- 1 (. 941 winning percentage) record, the best playoff record in NBA history. and two over ten games in the postseason. The Boston Celtics appear six times, with five streaks in the regular season, and one in the postseason. The Milwaukee Bucks appear five times, with all five streaks in the regular season. The San Antonio Spurs appear four times, with 2 streaks in the regular-season and ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2016 Chicago Cubs season",
"paragraph_text": " the best record in Major League Baseball and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 171��2 games. The team also reached the 100 - win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910.They began the season on April 4, 2016 at the Los Angeles Angels and finished the regular season on October 2, 2016 at the Cincinnati Reds. The Cubs finished with the best record in Major League Baseball and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 171⁄2 games. The team also reached the 100 - win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Ri Se-gwang",
"paragraph_text": "Ri was the first North Korean ever to win a gold medal on vault at the Asian Games, where he performed solidly at the 2006 Asian Games and was the first one for North Korea on that apparatus. He later went on to win a bronze medal on vault at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "American League (AL) teams have won 65 of the 113 World Series played (57.5%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.9% of all series played and 41.5% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.7% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories.In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.In the American League, the New York Yankees",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the top victor in the league which frequently triumphs in the All Star Game? | [
{
"id": 43283,
"question": "who wins the all star game more often",
"answer": "American League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 86694,
"question": "who has the most wins in the #1",
"answer": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | New York Yankees | [
"Yankees"
] | true | Who has the most wins in the league that wins the All Star Game more often? |
3hop1__147135_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the \"Toughest Track in the South\" and \"The Action Track\", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jimmy Bryan",
"paragraph_text": "James Ernest Bryan (January 28, 1926 – June 19, 1960) was an American racecar driver who won the 1958 Indianapolis 500. Born in Phoenix, Arizona, Bryan died as a result of injuries sustained in a champ car race at Langhorne Speedway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Cochise",
"paragraph_text": "Cochise (; in Apache: Shi-ka-She or A-da-tli-chi – \"having the quality or strength of an oak\", after the whites called him \"Cochise\", the Apache adopted it as \"K'uu-ch'ish\" or \"Cheis\" \"oak\"; c. 1805 – June 8, 1874) was leader of the \"Chihuicahui\" local group of the Chokonen (\"central\" or \"real\" Chiricahua) and principal chief (or \"nantan\") of the Chokonen band of the Chiricahua Apache. A key war leader during the Apache Wars, he led an uprising against the U.S. government which began in 1861, and persisted until a peace treaty in 1872. Cochise County, Arizona is named after him.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Pennsylvania is the 33rd - largest state by area, and the 6th-most populous state according to the last official US census count in 2010. It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states. Pennsylvania's two most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,567,872), and Pittsburgh (303,625). The state capital and its 10th largest city is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "South Korea",
"paragraph_text": "South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (abbreviated ROK), is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Officially, its territory consists of the whole Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands, which are largely mountainous. South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle, as half of them live in high - rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents. The capital Seoul is the world's sixth leading global city with the fifth largest economy and is the seventh most sustainable city in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Haryana",
"paragraph_text": "Haryana (IPA: (��ər����ja����a��)), (Urdu: ��ریان�� ), is one of the 29 states in India, situated in North India. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 NovemberHaryana (IPA: (ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː)), (Urdu: ہریانہ ), is one of the 29 states in India, situated in North India. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on a linguistic basis. It stands 21st in terms of its area, which is spread about 44,212 km (17,070 sq mi). As of 2011 census of India, the state is eighteenth largest by population with 25,353,081 inhabitants. The city of Chandigarh is its capital while the National Capital Region city of Faridabad is the most populous city of the state and the city of Gurugram is financial hub of NCR with major Fortune 500 companies located in it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents. Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard (172.4%), Elgin (78.2%), Jenks (77.0%), Piedmont (56.7%), Bixby (56.6%), and Owasso (56.3%).The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xò��ztò x��̀xò��tsò]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak Uto-AztecanArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Logan Gomez",
"paragraph_text": "Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly the Indy Pro Series).Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly the Indy Pro Series).Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly the Indy Pro Series).Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Tony Renna",
"paragraph_text": " airborne, smashed into the catch fence and shredded apart. Renna died instantly.Anthony James \"Tony\" Renna (November 23, 1976 – October 22, 2003) was an American race car driver who raced in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series. He made seven starts for Kelley Racing in 2002 and 2003 including the 2003 Indianapolis 500. His best finish was fourth place at Michigan International Speedway in 2002. Renna signed to drive for Chip GanAnthony James \"Tony\" Renna (November 23, 1976 –Anthony James \"Tony\" Renna (November 23, 1976 – October 22, 2003) was an American race car driver who raced in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series. He made seven starts for Kelley Racing in 2002 and 2003 including the 2003 Indianapolis 500. His best finish was fourth place at Michigan International Speedway in 2002. Renna signed to drive for Chip Ganassi Racing for the 2004 IndyCar Series season alongside Scott Dixon, but during an offseason tire test at Indianapolis Motor Speedway on October 22, 2003, his car spun and became airborne, smashed into the catch fence and shredded apart. Renna died instantly.Anthony James \"Tony\" Renna (November 23, 1976 –Anthony James \"Tony\" Renna (November 23, 1976 – October 22, 2003) was an American race car driver who raced in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series. He made seven starts for Kelley Racing in 2002 and 2003 including the 2003 Indianapolis 500. His best finish was fourth place at Michigan International Speedway in 2002. Renna signed to drive for Chip Ganassi Racing for the 2004 IndyCar Series season alongside Scott Dixon, but during an offseason tire test at Indianapolis Motor Speedway on October 22",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Danny Kelley",
"paragraph_text": "Danny Kelley (born 1964 in Orange City, Florida) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the ARCA Racing Series.Danny Kelley (born 1964 in Orange City, Florida) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the ARCA Racing Series.Danny Kelley (born 1964 in Orange City, Florida) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the ARCA Racing Series.Danny Kelley (born 1964 in Orange City, Florida) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the ARCA Racing Series.DannyDanny Kelley (born 1964 in Orange City, Florida) is an American stock car racing driver. He is a former competitor in the ARCA Racing Series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Darwin, Northern Territory",
"paragraph_text": "Darwin (/ ˈdɑːrwɪn / (listen) DAR - win) is the capital city of the Northern Territory of Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin is the largest city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, with a population of 142,300. It is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top End's regional centre.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which driver emerged victorious in the Indy car race held in the most populous city and capital of the state where Cochise passed away? | [
{
"id": 147135,
"question": "Where did Cochise live when he died?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #2",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest city and the state capital of the death state of Cochise? |
3hop1__129675_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Victoria (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey",
"paragraph_text": " September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed 85 °F (29 °C) in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City Int'l.[a] Winters are cool, with January averaging 35.5 °F (2 °C). Spring and autumn are erratic, although they are usually mild with low humidity. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25, allowing a growing season of 239 days. Extreme temperatures range from −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 9, 1934 to 104 °F (40 °C) on August 7, 1918.[b]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Cat's Eye Nebula",
"paragraph_text": "Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Raglan Mine",
"paragraph_text": "Raglan Mine is a large nickel mining complex in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec, Canada. It is located approximately south of Deception Bay. Discovery of the deposits is credited to Murray Edmund Watts in 1931 or 1932. It is owned and operated by Glencore. The mine site is located in sub-arctic permafrost of the Cape Smith Belt, with an average underground temperature of .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Valencia",
"paragraph_text": "Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (M",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": " in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquarteredMost of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Lime Kiln Valley AVA",
"paragraph_text": "The Lime Kiln Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the larger Cienega Valley AVA in San Benito County, California. This appellation spans and was granted AVA status in 1982. The soil in the region is composed of foundations of limestone and dolomite with sandy, gravelly loam above. The area has a wide diurnal temperature variation of up to , with daytime temperatures in to range during the summer growing seasons. The AVA is home to old vine Mourvedre plantings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "WCPY",
"paragraph_text": "WCPY (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Arlington Heights, Illinois, and serving the Chicago area. WCPY airs a Polish language format during the daytime, as \"Polski FM\", while airing a Dance Hits format at night known as \"Dance Factory FM\". Studios are located on Chicago's Northwest Side.WCPY (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WGCK-FM",
"paragraph_text": "-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.WWGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia, serving Dickenson and Wise counties in Virginia and Letcher County in Kentucky. WGCK-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.WGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed toWGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia, serving Dickenson and Wise counties in Virginia and Letcher County in Kentucky. WGCK-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.WGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia, serving Dickenson and Wise counties in Virginia and Letcher County in Kentucky. WGCK-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.WGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia, serving Dickenson and Wise counties in Virginia and Letcher County in Kentucky. WGCK-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.WGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the typical temperature during the day in the area around Richmond, situated in the same state as WGCK-FM? | [
{
"id": 129675,
"question": "In which state is WGCK-FM located?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | What is the average daytime temperature in the region where Richmond is found, in the state where WGCK-FM is located? |
2hop__91248_84207 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "United States federal budget",
"paragraph_text": " following. The fiscal year refers to the year in whichThe United States federal budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. It has reported that the U.S. is facing a series of long - term financial challenges, as the country ages and healthcare costs continue growing faster than the economy.TheThe United States federal budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. It has reported that the U.S. is facing a series of long - term financial challenges, as the country ages and healthcare costs continue growing faster than the economy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Healthcare in Germany",
"paragraph_text": "The healthcare system is regulated by the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss), a public health organization authorized to make binding regulations growing out of health reform bills passed by lawmakers, along with routine decisions regarding healthcare in Germany.The healthcare system is regulated by the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss), a public health organization authorized to make binding regulations growing out of health reform bills passed by lawmakers",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Quality Assurance Journal",
"paragraph_text": "The Quality Assurance Journal was a quarterly peer-reviewed healthcare journal published by John Wiley & Sons. It covered quality assurance issues relating to the healthcare and environmental industries. It was established in 1997 andThe Quality Assurance Journal was a quarterly peer-reviewed healthcare journal published by John Wiley & Sons. It covered quality assurance issues relating to the healthcare and environmental industries. It was established in 1997 and ceased publication at the end of 2011. The founding editor-in-chief was David Long and the last editors were Rita Hattemer-Apostel and Anthony B. Jones.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of Soltau",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Soltau () took place on 28 June 1519 and was the military climax of the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud which lasted from 1519–1523. Some sources describe it as \"the last knights' battle\" (\"Die letzte Ritterschlacht\").",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums",
"paragraph_text": "Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, or Higher Institute for Jewish Studies, was a rabbinical seminary, established in Berlin in 1872 and closed down by the Nazi government of Germany in 1942. Upon the order of the government, the name was officially changed (1883–1923 and 1933–42) to Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judentums.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Compromise of 1877",
"paragraph_text": "The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era. Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops whose support was essential for the survival of Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. The compromise involved Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives allowing the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect. The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops from South Carolina and Louisiana. As soon as the troops left, many white Republicans also left, and the ``Redeemer ''Democrats took control. They already dominated most other state governments in the South. What was exactly agreed is somewhat contested as the documentation is insufficient.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": "Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Greece",
"paragraph_text": "According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as \"swaps\" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that \"The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps,\" and \"In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.\" These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of health care reform in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the Civil War, the federal government established the first system of medical care in the South, known as the Freedmen's Bureau. The government constructed 40 hospitals, employed over 120 physicians, and treated well over one million sick and dying former slaves. The hospitals were short lived, lasting from 1865 to 1870. Freedmen's Hospital in Washington, DC remained in operation until the late nineteenth century, when it became part of Howard University.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "National Healthcareer Association",
"paragraph_text": "The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) is a national professional certification agency for healthcare workers in the United States. Granting credentials in more than 8 allied health specialties, it is an organizational member of the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). The National Healthcareer Association partners with educational institutions nationwide with over 350,000 certified individuals. It is one of the largest certification and continuing education providers. The National Healthcareer Association works with health training institutions, hospitals, unions, and the US Defense Department through DANTES; it has approved over 2400 training / testing locations throughout the US and in several countries. These institutions offer allied health programs and use the national certification as their ``End Of Program Credential. ''Healthcare professional certification is different from a license such as a Registered Nurse, or a licensed practical nurse. Although certification is not state mandated and / or regulated in all 50 states, most employers and industry organizations prefer their employees to be certified.The National Healthcareer Association (NHA) is a national professional certification agency for healthcare workers in the United States. Grant",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pharmaceutical industry",
"paragraph_text": "2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of theEvery major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud. Following charges of illegal marketing, two of the settlements set records last year for the largest criminal fines ever imposed on corporations. One involved Eli Lilly's antipsychotic Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra. In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Let's Love and Laugh",
"paragraph_text": "Let's Love and Laugh is a 1931 British-German comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Gene Gerrard, Muriel Angelus and Dennis Wyndham. A German-language version \"Die Bräutigamswitwe\" was made at the same time. Two philanderers get married to each other. It was based on the play \"Unwelcome Wife\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Die Another Day",
"paragraph_text": "Die Another Day is a 2002 spy film, the twentieth film in the \"James Bond\" series produced by Eon Productions, as well as the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film follows Bond as he leads a mission to North Korea, during which he is betrayed and, after seemingly killing a rogue North Korean colonel, is captured and imprisoned. Fourteen months later, Bond is released as part of a prisoner exchange. Surmising that the mole is within the British government, he attempts to earn redemption by tracking down his betrayer and all those involved.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Albert Woolson",
"paragraph_text": "Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 -- August 2, 1956) was the last surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War. He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed. At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but one has been debunked and the other two are unverified. The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard (1843 -- 1953).Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 -- August 2, 1956) was the last surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War. He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed. At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but one has been debunked and the other two are unverified. The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard (1843 -- 1953).Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 – August 2, 1956) was the last known surviving member of the Union Army who served in the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Roland Corbineau",
"paragraph_text": "Roland Corbineau (24 February 1928 – 7 May 1954) was a French Army officer who served during the First Indochina War. He was one of the last to die during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.Roland Corbineau (24 February 1928 – 7 May 1954) was a French Army officer who served during the First Indochina War. He was one of the last to die during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.Roland Corbineau (24 February 1928 – 7 May 1954) was a French Army officer who served during the First Indochina War. He was oneRoland Corbineau (24 February 1928 – 7 May 1954) was a French Army officer who served during the First Indochina War. He was one of the last to die during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was the final surviving combatant from the war that involved the government stepping into the healthcare sector? | [
{
"id": 91248,
"question": "when did the government get involved in healthcare",
"answer": "After the Civil War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 84207,
"question": "when did the last soldier of #1 die",
"answer": "Albert Henry Woolson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Albert Henry Woolson | [
"Albert Woolson"
] | true | Who was the last soldier of the conflict that saw the government getting involved in healthcare to die? |
3hop2__145209_20335_9331 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Crown of Aragon",
"paragraph_text": "Crown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón (Aragonese) Corona d'Aragó (Catalan) Corona Aragonum (Latin) Corona de Aragón (Spanish) Aragoiko koroa (BasqueCrown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón (Aragonese) Corona d'Aragó (Catalan) Corona Aragonum (Latin) Corona de Aragón (Spanish) Aragoiko koroa (Basque) Composite monarchy, confederation of kingdoms, or individual polities ruled by one king 1162 -- 1716 Standard Coat of arms Territories subject to the Crown of Aragon in 1441 Capital see Capital below Languages Official languages: Aragonese, Catalan, Latin Minority languages: Occitan, Sardinian, Corsican, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Castilian, Basque, Greek, Maltese, Andalusian Arabic, Mozarabic Religion Majority religion: Roman Catholic Minority religions: Sunni Islam, Sephardic Judaism, Greek Orthodoxy Government Feudal monarchy subject to pacts Monarch 1162 -- 1164 Petronilla (first) 1479 - 1504 1479 -- 1516 Isabella I and Ferdinand II 1700 -- 1716 Charles III (last) Legislature Cortz d'Aragón Corts Catalanes Corts Valencianes Historical era Middle Ages / Early modern period Union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona 1162 Conquest of the Kingdom of Majorca 1231 Conquest of the Kingdom of Valencia 1238 -- 1245 Conquest of the Kingdom of Sardinia 1324 -- 1420 Union of Ferdinand II and Isabella I 19 October 1469 Conquest of the Kingdom of Naples 1501 -- 1504 Nueva Planta decrees 1716 Area 1443 250,000 km (97,000 sq mi) Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Aragon County of Barcelona Habsburg Spain Today part of Andorra France Greece Italy Malta Spain Tunisia",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Great Turkish War",
"paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Louisiana Purchase",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, French Emperor Napoleon, hoping to re-establish an empire in North America, regained ownership of Louisiana. However, France's failure to put down the revolt in Saint - Domingue, coupled with the prospect of renewed warfare with the United Kingdom, prompted Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the United States. The Americans originally sought to purchase only the port city of New Orleans and its adjacent coastal lands, but quickly accepted the bargain. The Louisiana Purchase occurred during the term of the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Alexey Brodovitch",
"paragraph_text": "Alexey Brodovitch was born in Ogolichi, Russian Empire (now Belarus) to a wealthy family in 1898. His father, Vyacheslav or Cheslau Brodovitch, was a respected physician, psychiatrist and huntsman. His mother was an amateur painter. During the Russo-Japanese War, his family moved to Moscow, where his father worked in a hospital for Japanese prisoners. Alexey was sent to study at the Prince Tenisheff School, a prestigious institution in Saint Petersburg, with the intentions of eventually enrolling in the Imperial Art Academy. He had no formal training in art through his childhood, but often sketched noble profiles in the audience at concerts in the city. Brodovitch, was a respected physician, psychiatrist and huntsman. His mother was an amateur painter. During the Russo-Japanese War, his family moved to Moscow, where his father worked in a hospital for Japanese prisoners. Alexey was sent to study at the Prince Tenisheff School, a prestigious institution in Saint Petersburg, with the intentions of eventually enrolling in the Imperial Art",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Kingdom of Hungary",
"paragraph_text": "ation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world., the country was partitioned into three parts: the Habsburg Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary, and the semiThe Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the 20th century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "County of Gorizia",
"paragraph_text": "While the Lienz area was administrated with the Tyrolean crown land, the \"inner county\" of Gorizia remained an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the Inner Austrian Archdukes as part of the Austrian Circle, governed by a \"capitano\". Its territory included the Isonzo Valley down to Aquileia, the area of Cormons and Duino, and the former Venetian fortress of Gradisca, which was conquered by Imperial troops in 1511. Monfalcone formed a Venetian exclave in the county from 1420 to 1797. In 1647 Emperor Ferdinand III separated the \"Principality of Gradisca\" from Gorizia for his courtier Johann Anton von Eggenberg, until in 1747 both were again merged to form the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, a crown land of the Habsburg Monarchy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Duchy of Magdeburg",
"paragraph_text": "The Duchy of Magdeburg () was a province of Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1680 to 1701 and a province of the German Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1807. It replaced the Archbishopric of Magdeburg after its secularization by Brandenburg. The duchy's capitals were Magdeburg and Halle, while Burg was another important town. Dissolved during the Napoleonic Wars in 1807, its territory was made part of the Province of Saxony in 1815.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szl",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": "The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head ofThe monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Louisiana Purchase",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, Napoleon, then the First Consul of the French Republic, hoping to re-establish an empire in North America, regained ownership of Louisiana. However, France's failure to put down the revolt in Saint - Domingue, coupled with the prospect of renewed warfare with the United Kingdom, prompted Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the United States to fund his military. The Americans originally sought to purchase only the port city of New Orleans and its adjacent coastal lands, but quickly accepted the bargain. The Louisiana Purchase occurred during the term of the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Thuringia",
"paragraph_text": "Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Monika von Habsburg",
"paragraph_text": "Monika von Habsburg (\"née\" Monika Maria Roberta Antonia Raphaela Habsburg-Lothringen), Duchess de Santangelo (born 13 September 1954, in Würzburg), the daughter of Otto von Habsburg and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Battle of Domstadtl",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Domstadtl, also spelled Domstadt, Czech Domašov, was a battle between Habsburg Monarchy and Kingdom of Prussia at a Moravian village Domašov nad Bystřicí during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) on 30 June 1758, preceded by a minor clash at Guntramovice (Gundersdorf) on 28 June. Austrians under the command of Major General Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Major General Joseph von Siskovits attacked and destroyed a supply convoy bound for the Prussian army besieging Olomouc (Olmütz). The Austrian victory saved the city and the Prussian King Frederick the Great was forced to leave Moravia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Andrea von Habsburg",
"paragraph_text": "Andrea von Habsburg (\"Andrea Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen\") Archduchess of Austria, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg, (born 30 May 1953, in Würzburg, Bavaria), is the first child and oldest daughter of Otto von Habsburg and his wife, Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which entity was responsible for dissolving the privileges of the birth empire of Alexey Brodovitch, the kingdom that annexed some Thuringian land, or the Habsburg Monarchy? | [
{
"id": 145209,
"question": "Where was Alexey Brodovitch born?",
"answer": "Russian Empire",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 20335,
"question": "Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory?",
"answer": "the Kingdom of Prussia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 9331,
"question": "What dissolved the priveleges of #1 , #2 or Habsburg Monarchy?",
"answer": "March Constitution of Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | March Constitution of Poland | [
"PL",
"POL",
"Poland"
] | true | What dissolved the privileges of the birth empire of Alexey Brodovitch, the kingdom acquiring some Thuringian territory or Habsburg Monarchy? |
3hop1__9285_5188_23307 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "8. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-nationalBefore creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Virginia Environmental Law Journal",
"paragraph_text": "The Virginia Environmental Law Journal is a law review edited by students at the University of Virginia School of Law. The journal covers research and discussion in the areas of environmental and natural resource law, on a broad array of topics from environmental justice to corporate liability. The Journal is perennially ranked among the top five environmental law journals in the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not the majority religion in Commonwealth (the Catholic and Orthodox churches each accounted for some 40% of all citizens population, with the remaining 20% being Jews or members of Protestant denominations). In the 18th century, many followers of Jacob Frank joined the ranks of Jewish-descended Polish gentry. Although Jewish religion wasn't usually a pretext to block or deprive of noble status, some laws favoured religious conversion from Judaism to Christianity (see: Neophyte) by rewarding it with ennoblement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of RomaniaWhile the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an \"indirect aggression\" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of \"indirect aggression\" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": " of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or theThere were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "WCNV",
"paragraph_text": "WCNV is a Public Radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Heathsville, Virginia, serving the Kilmarnock/Warsaw area. WCNV is owned and operated by Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation and is a repeater station of WCVE-FM.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": "In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Boiron",
"paragraph_text": "Boiron () is a manufacturer of homeopathic products, headquartered in France and with an operating presence in 59 countries worldwide. It is the largest manufacturer of homeopathic products in the world. In 2004, it employed a workforce of 2,779 and had a turnover of € 313 million. It is currently a member of the CAC Small 90 stock index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national CommunistThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "14.5×114mm",
"paragraph_text": "The 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries.The 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries.The 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries.The 14.5",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor",
"paragraph_text": " series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between the Empire of Japan and the United States was a possibility each nation's military forces had planned for after World War I. The expansion ofBeginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940.Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In which month were the Tripartite negotiations initiated involving Britain, France, and the nation from where the highest ranked operatives of the Warsaw Pact emerged, notwithstanding its base in the nation referred to as the nobilities commonwealth? | [
{
"id": 9285,
"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 5188,
"question": "Despite being headquartered in #1 , the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?",
"answer": "the USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 23307,
"question": "What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, #2 and France?",
"answer": "mid-June",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | mid-June | [] | true | What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, France, and the country where, despite being headquartered in the nation called the nobilities commonwealth, the top-ranking Warsaw Pact operatives originated? |
3hop2__140194_49541_51068 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth of Crims, the Red Queen. She is an amalgamation of two Carroll characters: the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. Her first name is a play on the word irascible because she is easily irritated, obstreperous, impatient, and quick to anger. Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased to three times its original size on screen. The character hates animals, and chooses to use them as servants and furniture. It is implied that the Red Queen beheaded her former husband, the King. The actress took inspiration from her young daughter Nell, a toddler, stating that, ``The Red Queen is just like a toddler, because she's got a big head and she's a tyrant. ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Rose Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville",
"paragraph_text": "Rose Constance Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville (\"née\" Bowes-Lyon; 6 May 1890 – 17 November 1967) was the third daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne by his wife, Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck, and an elder sister of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of English monarchs",
"paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sally Struthers",
"paragraph_text": "Sally Anne Struthers (born July 28, 1947) is an American actress, voice artist, spokeswoman and activist. She played the roles of Gloria Stivic, the daughter of Archie and Edith Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton) on All in the Family, for which she won two Emmy awards, and Babette on Gilmore Girls. She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Dinosaurs!",
"paragraph_text": "The Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaurs and how they lived. It aired four episodes from November 22 to November 25, 1992. is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Blackadder II",
"paragraph_text": "apitation, a fate that befell many of her suitors.Blackadder II is the second series of the BBC sitcom \"Blackadder\", written by Richard Curtis and Ben Elton, which aired from 9 January 1986 to 20 February 1986. The series is set in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and sees the principal character, Edmund, Lord Blackadder, as a Tudor courtier attempting to win the favour of the Queen while avoiding execution by decapitation, a fate that befell many of her suitors. series is the successor to The Black Adder, and differed significantly fromBlackadder II is the second series of the BBC sitcom \"Black",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Ilona Massey Show",
"paragraph_text": "Mont and the Birth of American Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004) ISBN 1-59213-245-The Ilona Massey Show was a DuMont Television Network variety show hosted by actress Ilona Massey and featuring musician Irving Fields. Massey sang on a set built to resemble a nightclub. The show aired Mondays from November 1, 1954, to January 3, 1955 for a total of 10 episodes.== Episode status ==\nAs with many DuMont series, no episodes are known to exist.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network\nList of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts\n1954-55 United States network television",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jenna Coleman",
"paragraph_text": "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap operaJenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sam Fletcher (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sam Fletcher (1890 in Manchester, England – 22 January 1972 in Cranston, Rhode Island) was an English football (soccer) full back who played professionally in England, Canada and the United States. He later coached the Brown University soccer team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lady Godiva Rides Again",
"paragraph_text": "The film is most notable for the presence of actresses who were later to become famous. Diana Dors, who appears as a beauty queen, was later marketed as the film's star. It also features Joan Collins in her film debut as an uncredited beauty contestant. Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in England, also appears as an uncredited beauty queen. Ruth, who was four months pregnant at the time, had dyed her hair black and had styled it into a bob.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "John Veitch (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "John Gould Veitch (19 July 1869 – 3 October 1914) was an English amateur footballer, who played for the Corinthian club in the 1890s. He made one appearance for England playing at inside left in 1894, in which he scored a hat trick.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "DinoSquad",
"paragraph_text": "DinoSquad is an American animated television series that was produced by DiC Entertainment Corporation and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007 - September 12, 2009. Reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the Cookie Jar Kids Network block. The show ran on Cookie Jar Toons. This show, along with \"Sushi Pack\", was one of the last series produced by DiC before the company was acquired by and folded into Cookie Jar. The show was about five teenagers, each with the power to turn into a respective dinosaur. They use this power to fight the villainous Victor Veloci, who is intent on returning the world to the age of dinosaurs by turning humans and animals into new mutant dinosaurs and accelerating global warming.DinoSquad is an American animated television series that was produced by DiC Entertainment Corporation and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007 - September 12, 2009. Reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the Cookie Jar Kids Network block. The show ran on Cookie Jar Toons. This show, along",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "When Dinosaurs Roamed America",
"paragraph_text": " animator Don Waller at Meteor Studios, in Montreal, Canada, while the music was composed by Christopher Franke (ex-member from Tangerine Dream). Unlike Walking with Dinosaurs, the show's creatures are almost entirely composed of computer-generated imagery, and is also one of the first documentaries to depict dromaeosaurs and therizinosaurs with nearly full coats of feathers.\nThe program was shot in highWhen Dinosaurs Roamed America (shortened to When Dinosaurs Roamed outside of the U.S.) is a two-hour American television program (produced in the style of a traditional nature documentary) that first aired on the Discovery Channel on July 15, 2001. The show features the reign of the dinosaurs in America over the course of more than 160 million years, through five different segments, each with their own variety of flora and fauna. Unlike \"Walking with Dinosaurs\", the show's creatures are almost entirely composed of computer-generated imagery, and is also one of the first documentaries to depict dromaeosaurs and therizinosaurs with nearly full coats of feathers., and had a number of re-releases on DVD since then. When Dinosaurs Roamed America also had a limited Region 2 release on Blu-ray in 2011, bundled with Valley of the T. rex.\n\n\n== Production ==\nWhen Dinosaurs Roamed America was directed by Pierre de Lespinois with Evergreen Films, and was narrated by actor John",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Merritt Patterson",
"paragraph_text": "Merritt Patterson (born September 2, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Olivia on the short - lived Pretty Little Liars spin - off Ravenswood, and for playing Ophelia on E! network's television series The Royals.Merritt Patterson (born September 2, 1990) is a Canadian actressMerritt Patterson (born September 2, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Olivia on the short - lived Pretty Little Liars spin - off Ravenswood, and for playing Ophelia on E! network's television series The Royals.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which actress portrays the 1890 Queen of England on the same broadcast network that showed The Dinosaurs!? | [
{
"id": 140194,
"question": "What network aired The Dinosaurs!?",
"answer": "PBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 49541,
"question": "who was the queen of england in 1890",
"answer": "Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 51068,
"question": "who is the actress who plays #2 on #1",
"answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Jenna - Louise Coleman | [
"Jenna Coleman"
] | true | Who is the actress who plays the role of the Queen of England in 1890, on the network that aired The Dinosaurs!? |
2hop__33288_157788 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Railway electrification in Great Britain",
"paragraph_text": "The first electric railway in Great Britain was Volk's Electric Railway in Brighton, a pleasure railway, which opened in 1883, still functioning to this day. The LondonThe first electric railway in Great Britain was Volk's Electric Railway in Brighton, a pleasure railway, which opened in 1883, still functioning to this day. The London Underground began operating electric services using a fourth rail system in 1890 on the City and South London Railway, now part of the London Underground Northern line. The Liverpool Overhead Railway followed in 1893, being designed from the outset to be electric traction, unlike the City and South London Railway which was designed to be cable hauled initially. Main line electrification of some suburban lines began in the early years of the 20th century, using a variety of different systems. In 1921 a government committee chose 1,500 V DC overhead to be the national standard, but little implementation followed and many different systems co-existed. During the interwar period, the Southern Railway adopted the 660 V DC third rail system as its standard and greatly expanded this system across its network of lines south of London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway",
"paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Rail transport in India",
"paragraph_text": "The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Bori Bunder) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The 14 - carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. It could carry 400 people and ran on a line of 34 kilometres (21 miThe first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Bori Bunder) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The 14 - carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. It could carry 400 people and ran on a line of 34 kilometres (21 mi) built and operated by GIPR. This line was built in 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, which became the standard for railways in the country. In Eastern India, the first passenger railway train ran from Howrah (near Calcutta) to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The 39 - kilometre (24 mi) line was built and operated by EIR. In May 1854 the Bombay -- Thane line was extended to Kalyan by building India's first railway bridge, the Dapoorie viaduct, over Ulhas river. The line was extended to Khopoli in 1855. In August 1855, EIR Express and Fairy Queen steam locomotives started hauling trains. The first passenger train in South India ran from Royapuram and Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajah Road (Arcot) on 1 July 1856 on a 97 - kilometre (60 mi) line built and operated by Madras Railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. The incident highlighted French and British weakness, exemplified by their reluctance to alienate Italy and lose her as their ally. The limited actions taken by the Western powers pushed Mussolini's Italy towards alliance with Hitler's Germany anyway. The Abyssinian war showed Hitler how weak the League was and encouraged the remilitarization of the Rhineland in flagrant disregard of the Treaty of Versailles. This was the first in a series of provocative acts culminating in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Luino railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Luino railway station is a border railway station in Italy. It divides the Swiss network (line to Cadenazzo) with the Italian one (line to Milan and line to Oleggio).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Somerset",
"paragraph_text": "The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as \"heritage\" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Yamanote Line",
"paragraph_text": "The is a railway loop line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is one of Tokyo's busiest and most important lines, connecting most of Tokyo's major stations and urban centres, including Marunouchi, the Yūrakuchō/Ginza area, Shinagawa, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro and Ueno, with all but two of its 29 stations connecting to other railway or underground (subway) lines.Japanese: �����) and the Tōhoku Main Line (Japanese: ��北本���). The line runs parallel with the Tōkaidō Main Line between Yokohama and Tokyo and the Utsunomiya Line (part of the Tōhoku Main",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Runcorn railway station, Brisbane",
"paragraph_text": " was completed as part of the Salisbury to Kuraby triplication project. This included converting the easternRuncorn railway station is located on the Beenleigh line in Queensland, Australia. It is one of two stations serving the Brisbane suburb of Runcorn, the other being Fruitgrove.RRuncorn railway station is located on the Beenleigh line in Queensland, Australia. It is one of two stations serving the Brisbane suburb of Runcorn, the other being Fruitgrove.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Suin Line",
"paragraph_text": "The original route, abandoned in 1995, was one of the few narrow-gauge railways in South Korea. Opened by the privately owned Chosen Gyeongdong Railway in 1937, it connected Suwon to Namincheon via Ansan and Siheung; in 1942, it was taken over by another private railway, the Chosen Railway (the largest of colonial Korea's privately owned railway companies). The Chosen Railway owned the line until the nationalisation of all railways in Korea after 1945. However, since December 28, 2004, the Suin Line is being reconstructed with standard gauge and double tracking as an integral part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network and is opening in three phases.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Spilsby railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Spilsby railway station was a railway station in the market town of Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England. The station stood on a four mile long branch line between Spilsby and Firsby Junction, where it connected with the main line from Cleethorpes to London, and was opened on 1 May 1868. However, traffic on the line soon slumped, and the line was bought by the Great Northern Railway in 1890. In 1939 passenger services on the line were suspended, leaving only a goods service which itself ceased in 1958, when the railway station and line were closed. closed.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nLudlam, A.J. (1985). The Spilsby to Firsby Railway: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-310-9\n\n\n== External links ==\nSpilsby station on navigable 1947",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Theebine railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Theebine railway station (formerly Kilkivan Junction) is a closed railway station on the North Coast railway line of Queensland, Australia at Theebine. Slightly south of the railway station is the junction between the main North Coast line and the Kingaroy branch, which continues into west QueenslandTheebine railway station (formerly Kilkivan Junction) is a closed railway station on the North Coast railway line of Queensland, Australia at Theebine. Slightly south of the railway station is the junction between the main North Coast line and the Kingaroy branch, which continues into west Queensland. It is also the junction for the Dickabram line.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "London Underground",
"paragraph_text": "The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Opened in 1863, it is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines; the first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2016 -- 17 carried 1.379 billion passengers, making it the world's 11th busiest metro system. The 11 lines collectively handle approximately 4.8 million passengers a day.The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kotri Junction railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Kotri Junction station is among the oldest railway stations in Pakistan. ItKotri Junction station is among the oldest railway stations in Pakistan. It served as the northern terminus point of the Scinde Railway, which was established in March 1855. A railway line was to be constructed between Karachi and Kotri and work on the Karachi terminus commenced in April 1858. By 13 May 1861, the station opened to the public. This was the first railway line for public traffic between Karachi and Kotri, a distance of 108 miles (174 km).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tel Aviv HaShalom railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Tel Aviv HaShalom railway station () is one of the busiest railway stations in Israel, serving most lines of Israel Railways. It is located on HaShalom Interchange over Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv. Opened in 1996, the station serves one of the most active business areas in Tel Aviv, as well as the HaKirya IDF base.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Tokyo",
"paragraph_text": "Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has the most extensive urban railway network in the world and an equally extensive network of surface lines. JR East operates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the Yamanote Line loop that circles the center of downtown Tokyo. Two different organizations operate the subway network: the private Tokyo Metro and the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. The Metropolitan Government and private carriers operate bus routes and one tram route. Local, regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at the giant railroad stations, including Tokyo, Shinagawa, and Shinjuku.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Can you provide an instance of a railway route present in the nation that was the first to carry out an invasion of Manchuria? | [
{
"id": 33288,
"question": "Who was first to invade Manchuria?",
"answer": "Japan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 157788,
"question": "What is one railway line in #1 ?",
"answer": "Yamanote Line loop",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Yamanote Line loop | [
"Yamanote Line"
] | true | What is an example of a railroad line in the country first to invade Manchuria? |
3hop1__9285_5188_63702 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30",
"paragraph_text": "The Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30 was a Soviet autocannon widely used in military aircraft of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. It was designed by A.E. Nudelman and A.A. Rikhter, entering service in 1954.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the international stage.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Allies of World War II",
"paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": "2) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in either domestic or international affairs. Any moves towards real independence were suppressed by military force – in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968. Gorbachev abandoned the oppressive and expensive Brezhnev Doctrine, which mandated intervention in the Warsaw Pact states, in favor of non-intervention in the internal affairs of allies – jokingly termed the Sinatra Doctrine in a reference to the Frank Sinatra song \"My Way\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": "In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies. The Rhine bridge at Arnhem, immortalized in the book, A Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944. The bridges at Nijmegen, over the Waal distributary of the Rhine, were also an objective of Operation Market Garden. In a separate operation, the Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen, became famous, when U.S. forces were able to capture it intact – much to their own surprise – after the Germans failed to demolish it. This also became the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word \"expeditionary\" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not the majority religion in Commonwealth (the Catholic and Orthodox churches each accounted for some 40% of all citizens population, with the remaining 20% being Jews or members of Protestant denominations). In the 18th century, many followers of Jacob Frank joined the ranks of Jewish-descended Polish gentry. Although Jewish religion wasn't usually a pretext to block or deprive of noble status, some laws favoured religious conversion from Judaism to Christianity (see: Neophyte) by rewarding it with ennoblement.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, becoming the official capital of Masovian Duchy in 1413. 14th-century Warsaw's economy rested on mostly crafts and trade. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the US form an alliance with the country that produced the highest-ranking Warsaw Pact agents, although the Pact was primarily located in a country regarded as the nobility's commonwealth? | [
{
"id": 9285,
"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 5188,
"question": "Despite being headquartered in #1 , the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?",
"answer": "the USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 63702,
"question": "when did the us and #2 become allies",
"answer": "June 1941",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | June 1941 | [] | true | When did the country where the top-ranking Warsaw Pact operatives originated, despite its being headquartered in the nation known as the nobilities commonwealth, become allies with the US? |
4hop1__608132_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "David Melgueiro",
"paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Willem Janszoon",
"paragraph_text": " Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.Willem Janszoon (Dutch: [������ləm ��j��nso��n]; c.��1570 – c.��163On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea. or of his parents.\nJanszoon is first recorded as having entered into the service of the Oude compagnie, one of the predecessors of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), in 1598 as a mate aboard the Hollandia, part of the second fleet under",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": " exploration of North America by European sailors and geographers was an effort by major European powers to map and explore the continent with the goal of economic, religious and military expansion. The combative and rapid nature of this exploration is the result of a series of countering actions by neighboring European nationsItalian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Caravel",
"paragraph_text": "A caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: (kɐɾɐˈvɛlɐ)) is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The lateen sails gave it speed and the capacity for sailing windward (beating). Caravels were used by the Portuguese for the oceanic exploration voyages during the 15th and 16th centuries in the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, and Bartolomeu Dias all used caravels.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "European colonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of Australia",
"paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Wilkins Runway",
"paragraph_text": "65 km (40 miWilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and explorationWilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration., a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.\n\n\n== History ==\nConstruction of a runway in the Australian Antarctic Territory was first suggested in the 1950s, but logistical, political and environmental issues delayed construction of the runway until 2004. The A$46 million dollar runway is carved into glacial ice, approximately 65 km (40 miWilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": " is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.\nIn the 19thThe first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Christian Sánchez (Mexican footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "Christian Emmanuel Sánchez Narváez (born April 4, 1989 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican football defender who plays for Alebrijes de Oaxaca in Ascenso MX. Sánchez was a member of the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship squad that won the championship. Sánchez was transferred to Monarcas Morelia on December 14, 2009 but was released after the season.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the child of the Italian explorer who surveyed the eastern coastline of the landmass where Christian Sánchez was born? | [
{
"id": 608132,
"question": "Christian Sánchez >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | Who's the son of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent where Christian Sánchez was born? |
4hop3__710473_354093_254885_76356 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Darling Mills Creek",
"paragraph_text": "The Darling Mills Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.The Darling Mills Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bardwell Creek",
"paragraph_text": "Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "El Valle (volcano)",
"paragraph_text": "El Valle is a stratovolcano in central Panama and is the easternmost volcano along the Central American Volcanic Arc which has been formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate below Central America. Some time prior to 200,000 years ago, the volcano underwent a huge eruption event that caused the top of the volcano to collapse into the empty magma chamber below forming a large caldera. Several lava domes have developed inside the caldera since the collapse—forming Cerro Pajita, Cerro Gaital and Cerro Caracoral peaks. Prior to research in the early 1990s, it was thought that no active volcanism existed within Panama. But radioactive dates from El Valle show that the volcano last erupted as recently as 200,000 years ago.El Valle is a stratovolcano in central Panama and is the easternmost volcano along the Central American Volcanic Arc which has been formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate below Central America. Some time prior to 200,000 years ago, the volcano underwent a huge eruption event that caused the top of the volcano to collapse into the empty magma chamber below forming a large caldera. Several lava domes have developed inside the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Pambula River",
"paragraph_text": "ambula River is an open semi-mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial river located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.\n\n\n== Course and features ==\nPambula River rises in timbered highlands near the locality of Lochiel and flows generally east, flowing through Pambula Lake, before reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean near the locality ofPambula River rises in timberedPambula River rises in timbered highlands near the locality of Lochiel and flows generally east, flowing through Pambula Lake, before reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean near the locality of Pambula Beach. The river descends over its course.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ohlanga River",
"paragraph_text": "The Ohlanga River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which empties into the Indian Ocean just north of Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, north of Durban. The river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the Mdloti River. Presently this river is part of the Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Maria River (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Little River (Wingecarribee)",
"paragraph_text": "The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Hobcaw Barony",
"paragraph_text": "Hobcaw Barony is a tract on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Much of Hobcaw Barony is south of US Highway 17. The land was purchased by the investor, philanthropist, presidential advisor, and South Carolina native Bernard M. Baruch between 1905 and 1907 for a winter hunting retreat. Later, his eldest child, Belle W. Baruch, began purchasing the property from her father beginning in 1936. By 1956, Belle owned Hobcaw Barony entirely. Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to the Belle W. Baruch Foundation for a nature and research preserve. The property includes more than 37 historic buildings and structures representative of the eras of both 18th & 19th century rice cultivation and 20th century winter retreats. Hobcaw Barony was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales)",
"paragraph_text": "Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of the Panama Canal",
"paragraph_text": "By the late nineteenth century, technological advances and commercial pressure allowed construction to begin in earnest. Noted canal engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps led an initial attempt by France to build a sea - level canal. Beset by cost overruns due to the severe underestimation of the difficulties in excavating the rugged Panama land, heavy personnel losses in Panama due to tropical diseases, and political corruption in France surrounding the financing of the massive project, the project succeeded in only partially completing the canal. in earnest. Noted canal engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the SuezBy the late nineteenth",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Wassaw Sound",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== Tybee Bomb ==\n\nIt is the location of a hydrogen bomb lost by a B-47 StrWassaw Sound is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Georgia, United States near Savannah at the mouth of the Wilmington River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Lansdowne River",
"paragraph_text": "Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Ishikari River",
"paragraph_text": "It originates from Mount Ishikari in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group and flows through Asahikawa and Sapporo. Major tributaries of the river include the Chūbetsu, Uryū, Sorachi and Toyohira rivers. Until 40,000 years ago, it flowed into the Pacific Ocean near Tomakomai. Lava from the volcanic Shikotsu mountains dammed the river and moved its mouth to the Ishikari Bay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Winyah Bay",
"paragraph_text": "Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Cabramatta Creek",
"paragraph_text": "Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who advocated for a canal to be built across the El Valle continent, connecting the Pacific Ocean and the ocean where the Sampit River ends? | [
{
"id": 710473,
"question": "Sampit River >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Winyah Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 354093,
"question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 254885,
"question": "El Valle >> continent",
"answer": "Central America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 76356,
"question": "who pushed for a canal across #3 linking #2 and the pacific ocean",
"answer": "Ferdinand de Lesseps",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Ferdinand de Lesseps | [] | true | Who pushed for a canal crossing across the continent El Valle is located linking the Pacific Ocean and the ocean Sampit River leads to? |
3hop1__128865_30587_83479 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Yallourn",
"paragraph_text": "Yallourn, Victoria was a company town in Victoria, Australia built between the 1920s and 1950s to house employees of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, who operated the nearby Yallourn Power Station complex. However, expansion of the adjacent open-cut brown coal mine led to the closure and removal of the town in the 1980s. Whilst the township no longer exists, at the , the adjacent region classified as Yallourn had a population of 251.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Eureka Marsh",
"paragraph_text": "Eureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to Humboldt Bay on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County, California.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Wiesent (Regnitz)",
"paragraph_text": "Wiesent is a river located in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the river Regnitz. It is the main river of the Franconian Switzerland region, rising near the village Steinfeld. It flows through the towns Hollfeld, Muggendorf and Ebermannstadt, and joins the Regnitz in Forchheim.Wiesent is a river located in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the river Regnitz. It is the main river of the Franconian Switzerland region, rising near the village Steinfeld. It flows through the towns Hollfeld, Muggendorf and Eber",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Linda Baker",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== Background ==\nIn 2014, Baker ran against incumbent State Senator Eloise VitelliLinda L. Baker (born 1948) is an American schoolteacher and politician from Maine. Baker, a Republican from Topsham, Maine, represents District 23 in the Maine Senate. District Linda L. Baker (born 1948) is an American schoolteacher and politician from Maine. Baker, a Republican from Topsham, Maine, represents District 23 in the Maine Senate. District 23 encompasses all of Sagadahoc County, Maine and the adjacent town of Dresden. Maine and the adjacent town of Dresden.\nBaker taught in public schools for 31 years, including 26 at Mt. Ararat High School in Top",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Woorim, Queensland",
"paragraph_text": "Woorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacentWoorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. In the , the suburb recorded a population of 1,765 persons, with a median age of 53 years.Woorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. In the , the suburb recorded a population of 1",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Reicholzheim",
"paragraph_text": "zheim is a town in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is located in the Tauber valley at the foothills of the Odenwald and the quiet forests of the Spessart on the banks of theReicholzheim is a town in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is located in the Tauber valley at the foothills of the Odenwald and the quiet forests of the Spessart on the banks of the Tauber river near the mouth of the Tauber into the Main river. Reicholzheim had 1,450 inhabitants in 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "WIOD",
"paragraph_text": "WIOD (610 AM) is a talk radio-formatted radio station in Miami, Florida, owned by iHeartMedia. Its studios are located at the iHeart Broadcasting Complex in Miramar and the transmitter site is in North Bay Village next to studios and offices of FOX Television affiliate WSVN. Most of WIOD's weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated talk programs, including Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck and George Noory. A weekday morning news-talk program is hosted by Jimmy Cefalo.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Florstadt",
"paragraph_text": "Florstadt is a town in the Wetteraukreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located approximately 26 kilometers (16 miles) northeast of Frankfurt am Main. It received town privileges in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Nambucca River",
"paragraph_text": "Nambucca River rises below Killiekrankie Mountain on the Dorrigo Plateau, part of the Great Dividing Range, and flows generally east southeast, joined by four tributaries including Taylors Arm, before reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean, at Nambucca Heads. The river descends over its course; adjacent to the towns of Bowraville, Macksville and Nambucca Heads.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Hohe Straße",
"paragraph_text": "Hohe Straße is a shopping street in the old town of Cologne, Germany, and one of the city's both oldest and busiest streets. Together with many of its adjacent side streets, Hohe Straße is part of a designated pedestrian zone and spans about 680 metres from Cologne Cathedral on its Northern end to Schildergasse on its Southern end.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Battle of Bunker Hill",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. It was the original objective of both the colonial and British troops, though the majority of combat took place on the adjacent hill which later became known as Breed's Hill.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "FIFA World Cup top goalscorers",
"paragraph_text": "The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 22 players have scored more at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal at the World Cup during West Germany's win at the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014. Only two other players have surpassed 10 goals at the World Cup: Pelé with 12 between 1958 and 1970 for Brazil, and Jürgen Klinsmann with 11 between 1990 and 1998 for Germany.The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 22 players have scored more at",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of Miami Dolphins broadcasters",
"paragraph_text": "Years Flagship station Play - by - play Color commentator Sideline reporter 1966 AM 610 WIOD Mel Allen Dan Bossler 1967 - Years Flagship station Play - by - play Color commentator Sideline reporter 1966 AM 610 WIOD Mel Allen Dan Bossler 1967 - 69 AM 610 WIOD Bob Gallagher Henry Barrow 1970 AM 610 WIOD Joe Croghan Larry King Henry Barrow 1971 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Larry King Henry Barrow 1972 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Lou Creekmur Henry Barrow 1973 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Fred Woodson Henry Barrow 1974 - 76 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Allan Minter 1977 - 91 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Hank Goldberg Henry Barrow 1992 - 93 AM 610 WIOD Rick Weaver Jim Mandich 1994 - 01 AM 610 WIOD Bill Zimpfer Jim Mandich 2002 - 04 AM 560 WQAM Howard David Jim Mandich 2005 - 06 AM 790 WAXY Jimmy Cefalo Joe Rose Nat Moore 2007 - 2009 AM 560 WQAM Jimmy Cefalo Jim Mandich and Joe Rose AM 940 WINZ / FM 105.9 WBGG Jimmy Cefalo or Dick Stockton (week 4) Jim Mandich and Joe Rose 2011 -- 2015 AM 940 WINZ / FM 105.9 WBGG Jimmy Cefalo Bob Griese and Joe Rose Kim Bokamper and Keith Sims 2016 - Present AM 560 WQAM / FM KISS 99.9 WKIS Jimmy Cefalo Jason Taylor (Preseason) Bob Griese (Regular season) and Joe Rose Kim Bokamper and Keith Sims",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Battle of the Atlantic",
"paragraph_text": "As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Axis also sought to prevent the build - up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a pre-requisite for pushing back the Axis. The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for the Allies -- the German blockade failed -- but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats (the majority being Type VII submarines) and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Scharnhorst, Bismarck, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. Of the U-boats, 519 were sunk by British, Canadian, or other allied forces, while 175 were destroyed by American forces; 15 were destroyed by Soviets and 73 were scuttled by their crews before the end of the war for various causes.As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the primary objective of Germany in the maritime battle near the city where the WIOD station has obtained its license? | [
{
"id": 128865,
"question": "What town is WIOD liscensed in?",
"answer": "Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 30587,
"question": "What ocean is #1 adjacent to?",
"answer": "Atlantic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 83479,
"question": "what was germany's main goal in the battle of the #2",
"answer": "to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting | [
"United Kingdom",
"UK"
] | true | What was Germany's main goal in the battle of the ocean region adjacent to the city where WIOD is licensed? |
4hop1__370129_621192_10659_59955 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climateJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Mlle Raucourt",
"paragraph_text": "Françoise Marie Antoinette Saucerotte, called Mlle Raucourt (3 March 1756 – 15 January 1815) was a French actress, engaged at the Comédie Française in 1772-1799, where she became famous as a tragedienne.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pierre Goldman",
"paragraph_text": "Pierre Goldman was born near the end of World War II, the illegitimate son of Alter Mojze Goldman and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the FTP-MOI Resistance movement. After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. At that time, Alter said that he took Pierre so that he would not grow up in the country that had seen the elimination of so many Jews. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contact with his mother, who returned to Poland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger",
"paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983. Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship. In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: \"A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.\" Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest",
"paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (1789 – February 26, 1881), was a French politician and diplomat during the Bourbon Restoration. He was the son of François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, one of King Louis XVI of France's last ministers. Born during the opening days of the French Revolution, he was the godson of Queen Marie Antoinette.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "César Gabriel de Choiseul",
"paragraph_text": "After having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg convention.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Edmund Burke",
"paragraph_text": "The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was \"pure foppery\". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: \"I adore his chivalry\". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been \"led in triumph\" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.Genetic studies on Jews show",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Rose Bertin",
"paragraph_text": "arie-Jeanne \"Rose\" Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French fashion merchant. She was particularly noted for her work with Queen Marie Antoinette. Bertin was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and haute couture to the forefront of popular culture.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMarie-Jeanne Bertin was the daughter ofMarie-Jeanne Rose Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French milliner (\"Marchandes de modes\"), known as the dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and \"haute couture\" to the forefront of popular culture.Marie-Jeanne Rose Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French milliner (\"Marchandes de modes\"), known as the dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between Immigration to Israel during the late 1940s and early 1950s was aided by the Israeli Immigration Department and the non-government sponsored Mossad LeAliyah Bet (\"Institution for Illegal Immigration\"). Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult. Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953. An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim lands immigrated to Israel during the first 3 years and the number of Jews increased from 700,000 to 1,400,000, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kaliningrad",
"paragraph_text": "Kaliningrad (Russian: Калининград, IPA: (kəljɪnjɪnˈɡrat); former German name: Königsberg; Yiddish: קעניגסבערג, Kenigsberg; Russian: Кёнигсберг, tr. Kyonigsberg; Old Prussian: Twangste, Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg) is the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which nation lies between Lithuania and both the country to which numerous French Jews were forced to move and the homeland of Marie Antoinette's mother? | [
{
"id": 370129,
"question": "Marie Antoinette >> mother",
"answer": "Maria Theresa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 621192,
"question": "#1 of Austria >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 59955,
"question": "what country is in between #3 and lithuania",
"answer": "Kaliningrad Oblast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Kaliningrad Oblast | [] | true | What country is between Lithuania and the country many expelled French Jews relocated to, along with the country of citizenship of Marie Antoinette's mother? |
4hop1__271272_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Portugal",
"paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under theJohn Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "European colonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Francisco H. Vázquez",
"paragraph_text": "rancisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. Before retirement, Vázquez was a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy StudiesFrancisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. Vázquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action at the nationally known Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University. He is also the director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action. He co-authored the prominent book \"Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society\", (Rowman & Littlefield) with University of California Irvine professor Rodolfo D. Torres in 2003. A second edition by Vázquez alone was issued on December 2008.Francisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. Vázquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral",
"paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for theHis fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Wilkins Runway",
"paragraph_text": "65 km (40 miWilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration., a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.\n\n\n== History ==\nConstruction of a runway in the Australian Antarctic Territory wasWilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Willem Janszoon",
"paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Pennell Coast",
"paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the child's name of the Italian explorer who voyaged under the English flag and discovered the eastern shoreline of the continent where Francisco Vázquez was born? | [
{
"id": 271272,
"question": "Francisco Vázquez >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | What is the name of the child of the Italian navigator who sailed for England and explored the east coast of the continent Francisco Vázquez' birthplace is located? |
2hop__147171_27537 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "History of Russia",
"paragraph_text": "Peter the Great died in 1725, leaving an unsettled succession, but Russia had become a great power by the end of his reign. the unification of Russian territories. By the end of the 15th century, many of the petty principalAlexander was succeeded by his son Nicholas II (1894–1917). The Industrial Revolution, which began to exert a significant influence in Russia, was meanwhile creating forces that would finally overthrow the tsar. Politically, these opposition forces organized into three competing parties: The liberal elements among the industrial capitalists and nobility, who believed in peaceful social reform and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that hePope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Francesco Piranesi",
"paragraph_text": "Francesco Piranesi (; 1758/59 – 23 January 1810) was an Italian engraver, etcher and architect. He was the son of the more famous Giovanni Battista Piranesi and continued his series of engravings representing monuments and ancient temples. He worked for a long period in France, where he lived during the French Revolution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": "Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or \"stop-gap\" pope. They wished to choose a candidate who would do little during the new pontificate. Upon his election, Cardinal Eugene Tisserant asked him the ritual questions of whether he would accept and if so, what name he would take for himself. Roncalli gave the first of his many surprises when he chose \"John\" as his regnal name. Roncalli's exact words were \"I will be called John\". This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism several centuries before.Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Pope Paul VI",
"paragraph_text": " attend because the governments in the East did not permit their journeys.He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope PiusMontini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: \"This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up.\" He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope Pius XII had issued the encyclical Mystici corporis about the mystical body of Christ. He asked them not to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journalFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Blind Woman of Sorrento (1952 film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Blind Woman of Sorrento (Italian:La cieca di Sorrento) is a 1953 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Giacomo Gentilomo and starring Antonella Lualdi, Paul Campbell and Enzo Biliotti. The film is based on the novel of the same title by Francesco Mastriani and is the third time that it has been filmed. It is set in the nineteenth century in Sorrento in southern Italy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Vittoria Colonna",
"paragraph_text": "Colonna was born at Marino in 1490, a fief of the Colonna family in the Alban Hills near Rome. She was the daughter of Fabrizio Colonna, grand constable of the kingdom of Naples, and of Agnese da Montefeltro, daughter of the Duke of Urbino. She was engaged in 1495 at the age of 3 years old to \"Ferrante\" Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos, son of the marquese di Pescara, at the insistence of Ferdinand, King of Naples.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Francesco Fontebasso",
"paragraph_text": "Francesco Fontebasso (4 October 1707 – 31 May 1769) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period of Venice. He first apprenticed with Sebastiano Ricci, but was strongly influenced by his contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. In 1761, Fontebasso visited Saint Petersburg and produced ceiling paintings and decorations for the Winter Palace. Fontebasso returned to Venice in 1768. He helped decorate a chapel in San Francesco della Vigna.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sergei Parajanov",
"paragraph_text": "Parajanov then attempted to complete his final project. He died of cancer in Yerevan, Armenia, on July 20, 1990, aged 66, leaving this final work, The Confession, unfinished. It survives in its original negative as Parajanov: The Last Spring (film), assembled by his close friend Mikhail Vartanov in 1992. Federico Fellini, Tonino Guerra, Francesco Rosi, Alberto Moravia, Giulietta Masina, Marcello Mastroianni and Bernardo Bertolucci were among those who publicly mourned his death. They sent a telegram to Russia with the following statement: \"The world of cinema has lost a magician\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": "His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s. Roncalli's last letter to her was dated on 8 November 1953 where he promised to visit her within the next week. He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Venice. He attended her funeral back in his hometown. In his will around this time, he mentioned that he wished to be buried in the crypt of Saint Mark's in Venice with some of his predecessors rather than with the family in Sotto il Monte.Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga",
"paragraph_text": "A member of the House of Gonzaga, Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga was born in Palermo on December 8, 1540, the son of Ferrante Gonzaga and his wife Isabella di Capua. He was the younger brother of Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga and the nephew of Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga.A member ofA member of the House of Gonzaga, Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga was born in Palermo on December 8, 1540, the son of Ferrante Gonzaga and his wife Isabella di Capua. He was the younger brother of Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga and the nephew of Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "George R. Robbins",
"paragraph_text": "After leaving Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession. He died in Hamilton Square on February 22, 1875, and was interred in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "L'isola non trovata",
"paragraph_text": "L'isola non trovata is an album of Italian singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini. It was released in December 1970 by EMI, under the nickname \"Francesco\".L'isola non trovata is an album of Italian singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini. It was released in December 1970 by EMI, under the nickname \"Francesco\".L'isola non trovata",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as noIn February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What prompted Roncalli to depart from the location where Francesco Fontebasso passed away? | [
{
"id": 147171,
"question": "Where did Francesco Fontebasso live when he died?",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #1 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the place where Francesco Fontebasso resided when he died? |
4hop1__512794_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Armando Robles",
"paragraph_text": "Armando \"Chato\" Robles (born January 9, 1978 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican boxer in the Welterweight division and is the current Mexican National Light Welterweight Champion.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Willem Janszoon",
"paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Joker King",
"paragraph_text": " views. The plan, which also involves some officers, includes theThe Joker King (Italian: Il re Burlone) is a 1935 Italian historical comedy film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Luisa Ferida, Armando Falconi and Luigi Cimara.The Joker King (Italian: Il re Burlone) is a 1935 Italian historical comedy film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Luisa Ferida, Armando Falconi and Luigi Cimara.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "European colonization of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón",
"paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral",
"paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North AmericaPaula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of Maryland",
"paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "David Melgueiro",
"paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (PortoDavid Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the name of the male offspring of the Italian explorer who voyaged under the English flag to discover the eastern coastline of the continent where Armando Robles was born? | [
{
"id": 512794,
"question": "Armando Robles >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | What's the name of the son of the Italian navigator who sailed for the English to explore the eastern coast of the continent Armando Robles was born in? |
2hop__80375_90181 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mariana Trench",
"paragraph_text": " in the world's oceans. It is a crescent - shaped trough in the Earth's crust averaging about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide. The maximum - known depth is 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific East of Philippines. It is a crescent - shaped scar in the Earth's crust, and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide on average. It reaches a maximum - known depth of 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres (130 ft)) at a small slot - shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft). For comparison - if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) underwater. In 2009, Marianas Trench was established as a United States National Monument.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Crown-of-thorns starfish",
"paragraph_text": "A. planci has a very wide Indo - Pacific distribution. It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bullards Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Bullards Bridge (or simply Bullards Bridge) is a vertical-lift bridge that spans the Coquille River near where the river empties into the Pacific Ocean, just north of Bandon, Oregon, United States. One of only two vertical-lift bridges on the Oregon Coast Highway (U.S. Route 101), it was completed in 1954. The lift span is flanked by two camelback truss spans. It is located immediately east of Bullards Beach State Park.The Bullards Bridge (or simply Bullards Bridge) is a vertical-lift bridge that spans the Coquille River near where the river empties into the Pacific Ocean, just north of Bandon, Oregon, United States. One of only two vertical-lift bridges on the Oregon Coast Highway",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Climate of Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "The Pacific Ocean, the moisture - laden air above it, and the storms moving from it over the Oregon coast, are major factors in the state's precipitation patterns. As humid ocean air flows east from the ocean and encounters the Coast Range, it rises steeply, cools, and loses moistureThe Pacific Ocean, the moisture - laden air above it, and the storms moving from it over the Oregon coast, are major factors in the state's precipitation patterns. As humid ocean air flows east from the ocean and encounters the Coast Range, it rises steeply, cools, and loses moisture through condensation, which produces heavy rain. The heaviest precipitation in the state occurs at 2,000 to 4,000 feet (610 to 1,220 m) above sea level in these coastal mountains. At lower elevations along the coast, orographic precipitation is less intense but still produces 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mariana Trench",
"paragraph_text": "The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean approximately 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands, is the deepest point in the world's oceans. It is a crescent - shaped trough in the Earth's crust averaging about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide. The maximum - known depth is 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres (130 ft)) at the southern end of a small slot - shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep. However, some, unrepeated, measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft). For comparison: if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) underwater.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Puerto Rico Trench",
"paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "West Coast of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the coastal states of California, Oregon and Washington. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Wassaw Sound",
"paragraph_text": "Wassaw Sound is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Georgia, United States near Savannah at the mouth of the Wilmington River.== American Civil War naval battle ==\nIt was the location of an American Civil War naval battle between the CSS Atlanta and Union ships in 1863",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Climate of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The climate of the United States varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts. West of theThe climate of the United States varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts. West of the 100th meridian, much of the US is semi-arid to desert in the far southwestern US, and Mediterranean along the California coast. East of the 100th meridian, the climate is humid continental in the northern areas east through New England, to humid subtropical in the Gulf and South Atlantic regions. Southern Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands. Higher - elevation areas of the Rocky Mountains, the Wasatch, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range are alpine. The West Coast areas in coastal Oregon and Washington are oceanic climate. The state of Alaska, on the northwestern corner of the North American continent, is largely subarctic climate, but with a subpolar oceanic climate in the southeast (Alaska Panhandle), southwestern peninsula and Aleutian Islands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "East Coast of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The East Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean. This area is also known as the Eastern Seaboard, the Atlantic Coast and the Atlantic Seaboard. The coastal states that have shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are, from north to south, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Hells Canyon",
"paragraph_text": "Hells Canyon is a 10 - mile (16 km) wide canyon located along the border of eastern Oregon, eastern Washington and western Idaho in the United States. It is part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and is North America's deepest river gorge at 7,993 feet (2,436 m).Hells Canyon is a 10 - mile (16 km) wide canyon located along the border of eastern Oregon, eastern Washington and western Idaho in the United States. It is part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and is North America's deepest river gorge at 7",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "King Haakon VII Sea",
"paragraph_text": "King Haakon VII Sea () is a proposed name for part of the Southern Ocean on the coast of East Antarctica.King Haakon VII Sea () is a proposed name for part of the Southern Ocean on the coast of East Antarctica.King Haakon VII Sea ()King Haakon VII Sea () is a proposed name for part of the Southern Ocean on the coast of East Antarctica.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Yaiza (municipality)",
"paragraph_text": "Yaiza is a municipality on the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, Spain. It lies in the southwest of the island and forms part of the province of Las Palmas. The municipality is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, south and east. To the north, the Timanfaya National Park is partly within the municipality. The eastern part of the municipality is mountainous and, south west of the mountains, the Rubicon plain stretches to the coast.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bacteria",
"paragraph_text": "There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, \"You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.\"Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London. Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery. They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and, in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science, no one else would see them again for over a century. Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria — as opposed to his famous \"animalcules\" (spermatozoa) — taken seriously.Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the most profound segment of the sea along the eastern seaboard of the United States? | [
{
"id": 80375,
"question": "what ocean is off the east coast of the united states",
"answer": "the Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 90181,
"question": "what is the deepest part of #1",
"answer": "Milwaukee Deep",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Milwaukee Deep | [] | true | what is the deepest part of the ocean off the east coast of the united states? |
2hop__17854_17873 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "St James's Palace",
"paragraph_text": "George III found St James's increasingly unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and too cramped for his ever - growing family. In 1762 George purchased Buckingham House -- the predecessor to Buckingham Palace -- for his queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz The royal family began to spend the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's being used for only the most formal of occasions; thrice - weekly levées and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the state apartments but neglected the living quarters. Queen Victoria formalised the move in 1837, ending St James's status as the primary residence of the monarch. It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, Prince Albert, in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, Victoria and Albert's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married her husband, Prince Frederick of Prussia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "King of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The king of Saudi Arabia, officially the king of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: ملك المملكة العربية السعودية), is the monarch and head of state/government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family,King of Saudi Arabia ملك المملكة العربية السعودية Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Heroes Are Hard to Find",
"paragraph_text": "Heroes Are Hard to Find is the ninth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 13 September 1974. This is the last album with Bob Welch, who left at the end of 1974, and was replaced by Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. It was the first Fleetwood Mac studio album properly recorded in the US as well as the first to enter the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. The title track was edited and issued as a single but it failed to chart. when manager Clifford Davis organized a completely new lineup using the Fleetwood Mac name to fulfill their remaining tour dates. Welch convinced the band to relocate to AmericaHeroes Are Hard to Find is the ninth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": " 1950Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's HouseGovernor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.Buckingham Palace (UK: / ��b��k����əm ��pæl��s /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.Buckingham Palace (UK: / ��b��k����əm ��pæl��s /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": " residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.Buckingham Palace (UK: / ��b��k����əm ��pæl��s /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.Buckingham Palace (UK:Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands",
"paragraph_text": "King of the Netherlands Koning der Nederlanden Coat of arms of the Netherlands Incumbent Willem - Alexander since 30 April 2013 Details Style His Majesty Heir apparent Catharina - Amalia, Princess of Orange First monarch William I Formation 16 March 1815 Residence Royal Palace of Amsterdam Noordeinde Palace Huis ten Bosch Website The Royal Website",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": "The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.Buckingham Palace (UK: / ��b��k����əm ��pæl��s /) is the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Governor-General of Belize",
"paragraph_text": "Governor - General of Belize Coat of Arms of Belize Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Sir Colville Young GCMG, MBE since 17 NovemberGovernor - General of Belize Coat of Arms of Belize Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Sir Colville Young GCMG, MBE since 17 November 1993 Viceroy Style His Excellency Residence Government House, Belize (former) Belize House, Belmopan (since 1984) Appointer Monarch of Belize Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 21 September 1981 First holder Dame Elmira Gordon Website www.belize.gov.bz",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Royal assent",
"paragraph_text": "The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that \"The King assents to the proposal.\" It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\" A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Governor-General of the Bahamas",
"paragraph_text": "Governor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Monarch of the Bahamas Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 31 July 1973 First holder Sir Milo Butler Website www.bahamas.gov.bsGovernor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Mon",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": "The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor CastleThe Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel",
"paragraph_text": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel (also known as the Old Latin School) is a 15th-century chapel and a National Trust property in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway. Few buildings in Buckingham date to before the 18th century, as a large fire destroyed much of the town in 1725. The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, being added to the list by English Heritage on 13 October 1952.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What occurred with Buckingham Palace following the departure of its first residing monarch? | [
{
"id": 17854,
"question": "Who was the first monarch to reside there?",
"answer": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 17873,
"question": "What happened to Buckingham after #1 left?",
"answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | palace was seldom used, even neglected | [
"palace",
"Palace"
] | true | What happened to Buckingham Palace after the first monarch to reside there left? |
2hop__145220_58439 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Javin Hunter",
"paragraph_text": "Javin Hunter (born May 9, 1980) is a former American football wide receiver from the University of Notre Dame, Baltimore Ravens and the San Francisco 49ers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": "The \"Notre Dame Victory March\" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revised in the 1920s; it first appeared under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame in 1928. The chorus is, \"Cheer cheer for old Notre Dame, wake up the echos cheering her name. Send a volley cheer on high, shake down the thunder from the sky! What though the odds be great or small, old Notre Dame will win over all. While her loyal sons are marching, onward to victory!\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Michigan State–Notre Dame football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "Michigan State -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan State Spartans Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 25, 1897 Latest meeting September 23, 2017 Next meeting 2026 Trophy Megaphone Trophy (from 1949) Statistics Meetings total 78 All - time series Notre Dame leads, 49 -- 29 -- 1 Trophy series Notre Dame leads, 35 -- 27 -- 1 Largest victory Notre Dame, 53 -- 0 (1898) Longest win streak Notre Dame, 8 (1897 -- 1909, 1987 -- 94), Michigan State, 8 (1955 -- 63) Current win streak Notre Dame, 1 (2017)Michigan State -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan State Spartans Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 25, 1897 Latest meeting September 23, 2017",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame",
"paragraph_text": "The Hunchback of Notre - Dame (French: Notre - Dame de Paris) is a French Romantic / Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831The Hunchback of Notre - Dame (French: Notre - Dame de Paris) is a French Romantic / Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831. The original French title refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered. English translator Frederic Shoberl named the novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1833 because at the time, Gothic novels were more popular than Romance novels in England. The story is set in Paris, France in the Late Middle Ages, during the reign of Louis XI.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Notre Dame Football on NBC",
"paragraph_text": "Notre Dame Football on NBC is a presentation of college football games involving the Notre Dame Fighting Irish that are produced by NBC Sports, the sports division of the NBC television network in the United States. NBC has broadcast all Notre Dame home games since September 7, 1991, with two games so far broadcast live on NBC Sports's sports cable channel, NBCSN.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mei-Chi Shaw",
"paragraph_text": "Mei-Chi Shaw (; born 1955) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Notre Dame. Her research concerns partial differential equations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Claude Frollo",
"paragraph_text": "Monseigneur Claude Frollo ((klod fʁɔlo)) is the main antagonist from Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre - Dame (known in French as Notre - Dame de Paris). He is the Archdeacon of Notre Dame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "John McGreevy",
"paragraph_text": "John McGreevy is an American historian and the dean of the College of Arts & Letters at the University of Notre Dame from 2008 until 2018. McGreevy earned his B.A. from Notre Dame and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He has been on the Notre Dame faculty since 1997.2018. McGreevy earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the University of Notre Dame and his Doctor of Philosophy degree in historyJohn McGreevy is an American historian and the dean of the College of Arts & Letters at the University of Notre Dame from 2008 until 2018. McGreevy earned his B.A. from Notre Dame and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He has been on the Notre Dame faculty since 1997.John T.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Île de la Cité",
"paragraph_text": "The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of western towers.The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of westernThe Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of western towers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "Michigan -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan Wolverines Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 23, 1887 Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0 Latest meeting September 1, 2018 Notre Dame 24, Michigan 17 Next meeting October 26, 2019 Statistics Meetings total 43 All - time series Michigan leads 24 -- 18 -- 1 Largest victory Michigan, 38 -- 0 Longest win streak Michigan, 8 (1887 -- 1908) Current win streak Notre Dame, 2 (2014 -- present)Michigan -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan Wolverines Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 23, 1887 Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0 Latest meeting September 1, 2018 Notre Dame 24, Michigan 17 Next meeting October 26, 2019 Statistics Meetings total 43 All - time series Michigan leads 24 -- 18 -- 1 Largest",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football",
"paragraph_text": "Notre Dame claims national championships in an additional three seasons before the major poll era, for a total of 11. Notre Dame, however, is often credited with 13 consensus national championships in total. The 1938 and 1953 seasons are part of the reason for the discrepancy. In the 1938 season, 8 -- 1 Notre Dame was awarded theNotre Dame claims national championships in an additional three seasons before the major poll era, for a total of 11. Notre Dame, however, is often credited with 13 consensus national championships in total. The 1938 and 1953 seasons are part of the reason for the discrepancy. In the 1938 season, 8 -- 1 Notre Dame was awarded the national championship by the Dickinson System, while Texas Christian (which finished 11 -- 0) was awarded the championship by the Associated Press. In the 1953 season, an undefeated Notre Dame team (9 -- 0 -- 1) was named national champion by every major selector except the AP and UPI (Coaches') polls, where the Irish finished second in both to 10 -- 1 Maryland. As Notre Dame has a policy of only recognizing AP and Coaches' Poll national championships post-1936, the school does not officially recognize the 1938 and 1953 national championships. The NCAA does not list 1938 and 1953 but does recognize 1919 and 1964, making Notre Dame a national champion selection in thirteen seasons: 1919, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1964, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988. Notre Dame has been voted national champion by at least one selector in an additional nine seasons: 1920, 1927, 1938, 1953, 1967, 1970, 1989, 1993, and 2012 In short, Notre Dame has 3 National Champions selected by the Coaches' Poll (1950 -) and 8 selected by the AP Poll (1936 -). The program claims 11 championships, the NCAA recognizes them with 13, and they've been selected National Champions 21 times by all NCAA recognized ``major selectors. ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok",
"paragraph_text": "Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok is a school in Polomolok, South Cotabato, Philippines. It started as Notre Dame of Polomolok (NDP) but changed its name to Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok from the opening of its college department in 2004. Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok has been a member of the Notre Dame Educational Association, a group of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The college offers a complete pre-school, grade school, and high school education and a selected college education programs as follows:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represents the University of Notre Dame in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team is coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. They compete as an independent.The 2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represents the University of Notre Dame in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team is coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. They compete as an independent.The 2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represents the University of Notre Dame in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Camille Cottin",
"paragraph_text": "amille Cottin was born in Paris, but spent her teenage years in London before returning to France, where she became a high school English teacher. At the same time, she took classes at a theater and dramatic art schoolCamille Cottin was born in Paris, but spent her teenage years in London before returning to France, where she became a high school English teacher. At the same time, she took classes at aCamille Cottin was born in Paris, but spent her teenage years in London before returning to France, where she became a high school English teacher. At the same time, she took classes at a theater and dramatic art school and then with the company \"Théâtre du Voyageur\". She played small roles in many films and television series. In 2009, she joined the \"Troupe à Palmade\". She appeared the same year in an advertisement for a Japanese telephone, directed by Wes Anderson with Brad Pitt, with music by Serge Gainsbourg with the song \"Poupée de cire, poupée de son\" sung by France Gall.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which part of the birth city of Camille Cottin can you find Notre Dame? | [
{
"id": 145220,
"question": "Where was Camille Cottin born?",
"answer": "Paris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 58439,
"question": "what part of #1 is notre dame in",
"answer": "The Île de la Cité",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | The Île de la Cité | [
"île de la Cité",
"Île de la Cité"
] | true | Notre Dame is located is what section of Camille Cottin's birthplace? |
2hop__12039_11957 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Rob Larter",
"paragraph_text": "Rob Larter graduated from Durham University in 1982 with a degree in Geology. At the University of Birmingham he completed a PhD in Geological Sciences in 1991. He was a Research Associate with the Antarctic Marine Group at Birmingham University from 1983 to 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Robert Wayman",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Wayman attended Northwestern University where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in science engineering and a Master of Business Administration degree.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Adly Mansour",
"paragraph_text": "Mansour was born in Cairo. He graduated from Cairo University Law School in 1967, earned a postgraduate degree in law in 1969, studied economics and earned a postgraduate degree in management science from Cairo University in 1970. He later attended France's École nationale d'administration (ENA) and graduated in 1977.Mansour was born in Cairo. He graduated from Cairo University Law School in 1967, earned a postgraduate degree in law in 1969, studied economics and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Houston",
"paragraph_text": " 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston andUnderpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Denise Nurse",
"paragraph_text": "Denise Nurse studied Law and graduated from the University of Liverpool in 1997. She then studied at University of Law for her professional degrees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Richard Rakowski",
"paragraph_text": "Richard Rakowski graduated from Lehman College in 1973 with a bachelor's degree in political science. He then served as a Rotary Foundation ambassador of good will in Germany, where he studied the Holocaust.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury",
"paragraph_text": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury passed his matriculation examination from Dinajpur Zilla School in the 1937 and acquired his B.A. degree in 1942 from Ripon College, Kolkata, Later, he acquired a master's degree in Islamic History from the University of Calcutta in 1945.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Anne Simonett",
"paragraph_text": "The daughter of Minnesota Supreme Court Justice John E. Simonett, Anne Simonett received a degree in music from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. She received a masters degree in music performance, graduating \"magna cum laude\" from Yale University. She received her law degree from Harvard University in 1981.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Houston",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Edeline Lee",
"paragraph_text": "Edeline Lee was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree with First Class Joint Honors at McGill UniversityEdeline Lee was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree with First Class Joint Honors at McGill University in 1999. She completed her Foundation in Arts and Design at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 2000 and in 2006 graduated with a First from Central Saint Martins with a BA (Honours) Fashion Design Womenswear.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Samuel Oboh",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Samuel Oboh studied architecture at the Bendel State University - now Ambrose Alli University - for his bachelor's degree (B.Sc) and he earned a Master of Science degree in architecture from the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He graduated from the University of Alberta with a Master of Arts where he was a recipient of the Herbert Marshall McLuhan Graduate Student Award.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "David Lin",
"paragraph_text": "David Lin graduated with a bachelor and master of commerce degree from the National Chengchi University in Taiwan. He earned his master of science degree from Georgetown University in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "University of California, Irvine",
"paragraph_text": "The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a public research university located in Irvine, California. It is one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees. The university is classified as a Research I university and in 2017 had $361 million in research and development expenditures, according to the National Science Foundation. UC Irvine became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996 and is the youngest university to hold membership. It is considered to be one of the \"Public Ivies,\" meaning that it is among those publicly funded universities thought to provide a quality of education comparable to that of the Ivy League.The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a public research university located in Irvine, California. It is one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees. The university is classified as a Research I university and in 2017 had $361 million in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Matt Burch",
"paragraph_text": "mbrosia Software was a predominantly Macintosh software and gaming company founded in 1993 and located in Rochester, New York, U.S. AmbBurch graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with a degree in computer engineering and is married to Mary Burch.Ambrosia Software was a predominantly Macintosh software and gaming company founded in 1993 and locatedBurch graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with a degree in computer engineering and is married to Mary Burch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Michael Melkonian",
"paragraph_text": "Michael Melkonian studied Biology at the University of Hamburg 1968–1978, receiving a Diploma degree in Botany in 1974. He remained in Hamburg to complete a doctorate in Botany (plant physiology) in 1978. In 1978 he moved, as an Assistant Professor to the Botany Department at the University of Münster, where he stayed until his appointment as Full Professor and Chair of Botany at the University of Cologne in 1988. In 1982 he was Visiting Assistant Professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University (Bronx, N.Y.). From 1986–1988 he was a Heisenberg Fellow of the German Research Foundation (DFG). Since 2001 Melkonian is also Director of the Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Cologne (CCAC).Michael Melkonian studied Biology at the University of Hamburg 1968–1978, receiving a Diploma degree in Botany in 1974. He remained in",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which geological occurrence resulted in the formation of the terrain under the city that a majority of college graduates choose to settle in post-graduation? | [
{
"id": 12039,
"question": "Where do most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree?",
"answer": "in Houston",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 11957,
"question": "What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath #1 ?",
"answer": "erosion of the Rocky Mountains",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | erosion of the Rocky Mountains | [
"Rocky Mountains"
] | true | What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath the city where most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree? |
4hop1__58323_375563_161848_20546 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Book Thief (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "1958 Asian Games",
"paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of theA record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "North Korea at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)",
"paragraph_text": " October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kamilla and the Thief",
"paragraph_text": "amilla and the Thief (Kamilla og Tyven) is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a NorwegianKamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Albania at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Demon Thief",
"paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "1952 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Winter Olympic Games",
"paragraph_text": "To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games -- Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games -- Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The only country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all - time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States and Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Where Dead Voices Gather",
"paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minst",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Beyond the Grave",
"paragraph_text": "Beyond the Grave is the fourth book in \"The 39 Clues\" series first published in June 2, 2009 and written by Jude WatsonBeyond the Grave is the fourth book in \"The 39 Clues\" series first published in June 2, 2009 and written by Jude Watson. Thematically the novel uses Biblical knowledge, prophecy, and spiritual topics to explore the afterlife. Amy and Dan Cahill, the protagonists, travel to Egypt because of a clue they discovered in \"The Sword Thief\". The symbols in the middle of the book translate \"Alistair was there the night they died.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Ticks (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.\"Ticks\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from his 2007 album 5th Gear. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is credited with finding the nation close to the homeland of the writer who penned The Book Thief for people from the Netherlands? | [
{
"id": 58323,
"question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film",
"answer": "Markus Zusak",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 375563,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 161848,
"question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 20546,
"question": "Who discovered #3 for the Dutch?",
"answer": "Abel Tasman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Abel Tasman | [] | true | Who discovered the country near the country of citizenship of the author of The Book Thief for the Dutch? |
2hop__32541_85460 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird",
"paragraph_text": "Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning\". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was \"very blitzy\".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Muirhead Bone",
"paragraph_text": "Muirhead Bone was born in Glasgow. His parents were the journalist David Drummond Bone (1841–1911) and his wife, Elizabeth Millar Crawford (1847–1886). His brothers included the journalist James Bone, and the author and mariner Captain Sir David Bone. Muirhead Bone qualified as an architect, before turning to art and studying at the Glasgow School of Art, originally at evening classes. He began printmaking in 1898, and although his first known print was a lithograph, he is better known for his etchings and drypoints. His subject matter was principally related to landscapes and architecture, which included urban construction and demolition sites, Gothic cathedrals and Norman buildings. One of his first exhibited prints was a scene of Ayr Harbour, and the collection of his work held by the British Museum records his other works based in South Ayrshire, between 1898 and 1916. In 1900 he tried to run art classes in Ayr, from newly built premises at Wellington Chambers.Muirhead Bone was born in Glasgow. His parents were the journalist David Drummond Bone (1841–1911) and his wife, Elizabeth Millar Crawford (1847–1886). His brothers included the journalist James Bone",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Imperial College London",
"paragraph_text": " which offers master's degrees in Science Communication and Science Media Production for science graduates. by Queen Elizabeth II. Formerly a constituent college of the University of London, Imperial became an independent university in 2007. \nThe Centre For CoFurthermore, in terms of job prospects, as of 2014 the average starting salary of an Imperial graduate was the highest of any UK university. In terms of specific course salaries, the Sunday Times ranked Computing graduates from Imperial as earning the second highest average starting salary in the UK after graduation, over all universities and courses. In 2012, the New York Times ranked Imperial College as one of the top 10 most-welcomed universities by the global job market. In May 2014, the university was voted highest in the UK for Job Prospects by students voting in the Whatuni Student Choice Awards Imperial is jointly ranked as the 3rd best university in the UK for the quality of graduates according to recruiters from the UK's major companies. by Queen Elizabeth II. Formerly a constituent college of the University of London, Imperial became an independent university in 2007. \nThe Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": " Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The WatchAs of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and \"Bible study\" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publishers has increased from 4.5 million to 8.2 million. In the same year, they conducted \"Bible studies\" with over 9.7 million individuals, including those conducted by Witness parents with their children. Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their current worldwide growth rate to be 1.5% per year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Bone People",
"paragraph_text": "The Bone People (styled by the writer and in some editions as the bone people) is a Booker Prize-winning 1984 novel by New Zealand writer Keri Hulme.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Household income in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "One key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $59,039 in 2016, a record high. This was the largest two year percentage increase on record.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Clavicle",
"paragraph_text": "The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible, as it creates a bulge in the skin. It receives its name from the Latin: clavicula (``little key '') because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured due to impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clav",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Say Hello 2 Heaven",
"paragraph_text": "Say Hello 2 Heaven\" is a song by the American rock band Temple of the Dog. Written by vocalist Chris Cornell, \"Say Hello 2 Heaven\" was released on June 18, 1991 as the second single from theCornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Stanley Theater (Jersey City, New Jersey)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1983, the building was purchased by the Watch Tower Society for use as a convention and assembly hall for Jehovah's Witnesses. Thousands of Witness volunteers worked over a nine - month period to renovate the theater. Beginning in October 2012, the theater underwent further renovation by over 2,000 Witness volunteers from across the United States.el and selections played on the ‘Mighty’ Wurlitzer organ (Opus 1836, type SP-3M, 3 manual, 27 ranks) by organist James F. Thomas. Mayor Frank Hague attended the ceremonies that evening and, with the audience, was greeted on the screen by actress NormIn 1983, the building was purchased by the Watch Tower Society for use as a convention and assembly hall for Jehovah's Witnesses. Thousands of Witness volunteers worked over",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Economy of Puerto Rico",
"paragraph_text": " Department of Labor of the United States, the mean annual salary of residents of Puerto Rico is $27,190, the lowest among U.S. territories continuously surveyed periodically by this institution. Guam has the second lowest mean salary to $31,840, closely followed Mississippi, a state, with $34,770. This spread in mean wages could be explained by a minimum wage law for certain industries that are capped to 70% of the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.In 2010 the median income in Puerto Rico was $19,370, which is just over half that of the poorest state (Mississippi, $37,838) and 37% of the nationwide average ($51,144). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor of the United States, the mean annual salary of residents of Puerto Rico is $27,190, the lowest among U.S. territories continuously surveyed periodically by this institution. Guam has the second lowest mean salary to $31,840, closely followed Mississippi, a state, with $34,770. This spread in mean wages could be explained by a minimum wage law for certain industries that are capped to 70% of the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Rebel Angels",
"paragraph_text": "First published by Macmillan of Canada in 1981, \"The Rebel Angels\" is the first of the three connected novels of Davies' \"Cornish Trilogy\". It was followed by \"What's Bred in the Bone\" (1985), and \"The Lyre of Orpheus\" (1988). It did not quite attain the popularity of the Deptford Trilogy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Deaf education",
"paragraph_text": "John Bulwer, an English physician, wrote five works on bodily human communication (particularly gestures). He was the first person in England to propose educating deaf people, outlining plans for an academy in Philocophus and The Dumbe mans academie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "State fair",
"paragraph_text": "The largest attendance at a state fair in the USA is in Texas attracting an estimated 2,000,000 people annually. The largest average per day attendance is at the Minnesota State Fair averaging just under 200,000 people per day. sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "I'll Go Crazy (Andy Griggs song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"I'll Go Crazy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Andy Griggs. It\"I'll Go Crazy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Andy Griggs. It was released in July 1999 as the second single from the album \"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Griggs wrote this song with Zack Turner and Lonnie Wilson.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the current median income of households in the same nation as the observer of the Blitz? | [
{
"id": 32541,
"question": "What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?",
"answer": "American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 85460,
"question": "what is the average salary of a working #1",
"answer": "$59,039",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | $59,039 | [] | true | What is the median household income for people today of the same country as the witness to the Blitz? |
4hop3__387712_132409_223216_35031 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "British Isles",
"paragraph_text": "The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Chihuahua (state)",
"paragraph_text": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Lorain City School District",
"paragraph_text": "The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district inThe Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pathology (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chinatown, Sydney",
"paragraph_text": "Chinatown (Chinese: 雪梨華埠 or 悉尼唐人街) is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Haymarket, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney and is Australia's largest Chinatown.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jacoby Shaddix",
"paragraph_text": "Jacoby Dakota Shaddix (born July 28, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, rapperShaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "KKSS",
"paragraph_text": "KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Kiss 97.3\". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Great Cities' Universities",
"paragraph_text": "Great Cities' Universities' nineteen member institutions are public universities located in urban areas in the United States. The consortium engages in public-private partnerships to explore and address urban issues, such as those related to education, housing, environment, criminal justice, transportation, health care, workforce development, and economic stimulation. the United States. The consortium engages in public-private partnerships to explore and address urban issues, such as those related to education, housing, environment, criminal justice, transportation, health care, workforce development, and economic stimulation.\n\n\n==Great Cities' Universities' nineteen member institutions are public universities located in urban areas in the United States. The consortium engages in public-private partnerships to explore and address urban issues, such as those related to education, housing, environment,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jakarta",
"paragraph_text": "Jakarta (/ d�� ə��k����rtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (d��a��karta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, cultureJakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency.Jakarta (/ d�� ə��k����rtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (d��a��karta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bek",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the state where Jacoby Shaddix's band was created, when sorting by the size of the urban areas, where does the city of the band Pathology rank? | [
{
"id": 387712,
"question": "Jacoby Shaddix >> member of",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 223216,
"question": "Pathology >> location of formation",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | Ordering by the size the urban areas in the state where Jacoby Shaddix's band formed in what position is Pathology's city's area? |
2hop__19007_60935 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "King James Version",
"paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "New International Version",
"paragraph_text": "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1990s, marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan, Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development. In 1993, Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools. In 2001, the local Taiwanese language program was further extended to all schools in Taiwan, and Taiwanese Hokkien became one of the compulsory local Taiwanese languages to be learned in schools. The mother tongue movement in Taiwan even influenced Xiamen (Amoy) to the point that in 2010, Xiamen also began to implement the teaching of Hokkien dialect in its schools. In 2007, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide. A number of universities in Taiwan also offer Hokkien degree courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents to work for the Hokkien media industry and education. Taiwan also has its own Hokkien literary and cultural circles whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry or literature in Hokkien on a regular basis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Voice (Bible translation)",
"paragraph_text": "The Voice is an English translation of the Bible developed by Thomas Nelson (a subsidiary of News Corp) and the Ecclesia Bible Society. The Voice is a modern language, dynamic equivalent translation. The New Testament was released in November 2011, and the full Bible was released in April 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Complete Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse",
"paragraph_text": "The Complete Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse is a collection of 22 fairy tales written by Hermann Hesse between the years of 1904 and 1918 and translated by Jack Zipes. A list of the individual fairy tales and the year in which they were written follows. This collection was published in 1995 and is the first English translation for most of the tales.== Stories ==\n\"The Dwarf\", 1904\n\"Shadow Play\", 1906\n\"A Man",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Let there be light",
"paragraph_text": "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew ����ה��``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux.``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew ����ה��י או��ר (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tyndale Bible",
"paragraph_text": " entire New Testament and roughly half of the Old Testament. Of the latter, the Pentateuch, Jonah and a revised version of the book of Genesis were published during his lifetime. His other Old Testament works were first used in the creation of the Matthew Bible and alsoThe Tyndale Bible generally refers to the body of biblical translations by William Tyndale (). Tyndale's Bible is credited with being the first English translation to work directly from Hebrew and Greek texts. Furthermore, it was the first English biblical translation that was mass-produced as a result of new advances in the art of printing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Matthew Bible",
"paragraph_text": "The Matthew Bible, also known as Matthew's Version, was first published in 1537 by John Rogers, under the pseudonym \"Thomas Matthew\". It combined the New Testament of William Tyndale, and as much of the Old Testament as he had been able to translate before being captured and put to death. Myles Coverdale's translations chiefly from German and Latin sources completed the Old Testament and Biblical apocrypha, except for the Prayer of Manasses which was Rogers'. It is thus a vital link in the main sequence of English Bible translations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Christoph Froschauer",
"paragraph_text": "Christoph Froschauer (ca. 1490 – 1 April 1564) was the first printer in Zurich, notably for printing the Froschauer Bible, the Zwinglian Bible translation. His workshop is the nucleus of the Orell Füssli publishing house.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tyndale Bible",
"paragraph_text": "The term Tyndale's Bible is not strictly correct, because Tyndale never published a complete Bible. That task was completed by Miles Coverdale who supplemented Tyndale's translations with his own to produce the first complete printed bible in English in 1535. Prior to his execution Tyndale had only finished translating the entire New Testament and roughly half of the Old Testament. Of the latter, the Pentateuch, Jonah and a revised version of the book of Genesis were published during his lifetime. His other Old Testament works were first used in the creation of the Matthew Bible and also heavily influenced every major English translation of the Bible that followed.The term Tyndale's Bible is not strictly correct, because Tyndale never published a complete Bible. That task was completed by Miles Coverdale who supplemented Tyndale's translations with his own to produce the first complete printed bible in English in 1535. Prior to his execution Tyndale had only finished translating the entire New Testament and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": " dialects are analytic; in a sentence, the arrangement of words is important to its meaning. A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent. Unlike synthetic languages, seldom do wordsHokkien, especially Taiwanese, is sometimes written in the Latin script using one of several alphabets. Of these the most popular is Pe̍h-ōe-jī (traditional Chinese: 白話字; simplified Chinese: 白话字; pinyin: Báihuàzì). POJ was developed first by Presbyterian missionaries in China and later by the indigenous Presbyterian Church in Taiwan; use of this alphabet has been actively promoted since the late 19th century. The use of a mixed script of Han characters and Latin letters is also seen, though remains uncommon. Other Latin-based alphabets also exist.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Russian Synodal Bible",
"paragraph_text": "The Russian Synodal Bible (Russian: Синодальный перевод, The Synodal Translation) is a Russian non-Church Slavonic translation of the Bible commonly used by the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Baptists and other Protestant as well as Roman Catholic communities in Russia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "King James Version",
"paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "New King James Version",
"paragraph_text": "The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible published by HarperCollins (a subsidiary of News Corp). The New Testament was published in 1979, the Psalms in 1980, and the full Bible in 1982. It took seven years to complete. The anglicized edition was originally known as the Revised Authorized Version, but the NKJV title is now used universally.The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible published by HarperCollins (a subsidiary of News Corp). TheThe New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible published by HarperCollins (a subsidiary of News Corp). The New Testament was published in 1979, the Psalms in 1980, and the full Bible in 1982. It took seven years to complete. The anglicized edition was originally known as the Revised Authorized Version, but the NKJV title is now used universally.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vulgate",
"paragraph_text": "The translation was largely the work of St Jerome, who in 382 had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Vetus Latina (``Old Latin '') Gospels then in use by the Roman Church. Jerome, on his own initiative, extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the Books of the Bible, and once published, the new version was widely adopted and eventually eclipsed the Vetus Latina; so that by the 13th century, it took over from the former version the appellation of`` versio vulgata'' (the ``version commonly used '') or vulgata for short, and in Greek as βουλγάτα (`` Voulgata'').",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the pioneer in translating the entire Bible into the script often used for Hokkien? | [
{
"id": 19007,
"question": "Hokkien is sometimes written in what script?",
"answer": "Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 60935,
"question": "the first person to do a complete translation of the bible into #1",
"answer": "St Jerome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | St Jerome | [
"Jerome"
] | true | Who was the first person to do a full translation of the Bible into the script in which Hokkien is sometimes written? |
2hop__67057_52871 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Battle of Héricourt",
"paragraph_text": " Battle of Héricourt was fought on 13 November 1474 near Héricourt, Burgundy, as part of the Burgundian Wars. It resulted in victory for the Swiss Confederacy and its allies over the Burgundian State.\n\n\n== Battle ==\nThe Swiss and their allies (Lower League, Austrian cities of Alsace, Swabian imperial cities) set out on their campaign immediately after war was declared onThe Battle of Héricourt, fought on 13 November 1474, was part of the Burgundian Wars, and resulted in victory for the Swiss Conferacy and a defeat for Burgundy and its allies. The battle was a loss for the Burgundians, with 1,617 deaths. The battle was one of the first using hand-held guns.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Pollentia",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Pollentia was fought on 6 April 402 (Easter) between the Romans under Stilicho and the Visigoths under Alaric I, during the first Gothic invasion of Italy (401–403). The Romans were victorious, and forced Alaric to retreat, though he rallied to fight again in the next year in the Battle of Verona, where he was again defeated. After this, Alaric retreated from Italy, leaving the province in peace until his second invasion in 409, after Stilicho's death.The Battle of Pollentia was fought on 6 April 402 (Easter) between the Romans under Stilicho and the Visigoths under Alaric I, during the first Gothic",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 withThe Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees, as well as escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation. When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia. They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Donald W. Wolf",
"paragraph_text": "Donald William Wolf (February 7, 1919 – October 9, 1942) was an American sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Chinese characters",
"paragraph_text": "Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondary school (the Jōyō kanji); hundreds more are in everyday use. Due to post-WWII simplifications of Kanji in Japan as well as the post-WWII simplifications of characters in China, the Chinese characters used in Japan today are distinct from those used in China in several respects. There are various national standard lists of characters, forms, and pronunciations. Simplified forms of certain characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia; the corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and to a limited extent in South Korea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Occupation of Japan",
"paragraph_text": "The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union was allowed little to no influence over Japan. This foreign presence marks the only time in Japan's history that it has been occupied by a foreign power. The country became a parliamentary democracy that recalled ``New Deal ''priorities of the 1930s by Roosevelt. The occupation, codenamed Operation Blacklist, was ended by the San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, and effective from April 28, 1952, after which Japan's sovereignty -- with the exception, until 1972, of the Ryukyu Islands -- was fully restored.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Guadalcanal campaign",
"paragraph_text": "Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November to retake Henderson Field. Three major land battles, seven large naval battles (five nighttime surface actions and two carrier battles), and almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November, with the defeat of the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and to land with enough troops to retake it. In December, the Japanese abandoned their efforts to retake Guadalcanal, and evacuated their remaining forces by 7 February 1943, in the face of an offensive by the U.S. Army's XIV Corps.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Caratacus's last battle",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Caer Caradoc was the final battle in Caratacus's resistance to Roman rule. Fought in 50 AD, the Romans defeated the Britons and thus secured the southern areas of the province of Britannia. leader of armed opposition to the Roman conquest of Britain. He was paraded through Rome and given the opportunity to make a speech before the emperor Claudius, who spared his life and those of his family and retainers.\n\n\n== Prelude ==\nTacitus outlines the campaigns leading up to the battle: The army then marched against the Silures,The Battle of Caer Caradoc was the final battle in Caratacus's resistance to Roman rule. Fought in 50 AD, the Romans defeated the Britons and thus secured the southern areas of the province of Britannia",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Battle of Dybbøl",
"paragraph_text": " annexation of the Duchy of Schleswig in November 1863 by Danish king Christian IX (who was also the Duke of Schleswig), Prussia and Austria invaded Jutland in January 1864. The defending Danish infantry was equipped with French M1822 percussion muskets converted to Minié rifling and with Tapriffel M1864s. The Prussian army used the Dreyse needle-gun, a breech-loading rifle.\nDybbøl had also been the site of a battlefield in the First SchleswigThe Battle of Dybbøl (; ) was the key battle of the Second Schleswig War, fought between Denmark and Prussia. The battle was fought on the morning of 18 April 1864, following a siege that began on 7 April. Denmark suffered a severe defeat which ultimately decided the outcome of the war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Battle of Rennell Island",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rennell Island (Japanese: レンネル島沖海戦) took place on 29–30 January 1943. It was the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. It occurred in the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands.The Battle of Rennell Island (Japanese: ��ン��ル���",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal",
"paragraph_text": ": 64 aircraft for a total of 1,900 killed (exclusive of transport losses)Naval Battle of Guadalcanal Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II Smoke rises from two Japanese aircraft shot down off Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942. Photographed from USS President Adams; ship at right is USS Betelgeuse. Date 12 -- 15 November 1942 Location Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Result Strategic American victory Belligerents United States Japan Commanders and leaders William Halsey, Jr. Daniel Callaghan † Norman Scott † Willis A. Lee Isoroku Yamamoto Hiroaki Abe Nobutake Kondō Raizo Tanaka Strength 1 carrier 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 3 light cruisers 12 destroyers 2 battleships 6 heavy cruisers 4 light cruisers 16 destroyers 11 transports Casualties and losses First phase (13 Nov): 2 light cruisers 4 destroyers Second phase (14 / 15 Nov): 3 destroyers Plus (13 -- 15 Nov): 36 aircraft for a total of 1,732 killed First phase: 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 2 destroyers 7 transports Second phase: 1 battleship 1 destroyer 4 transports (beached first) Plus: 64 aircraft for a total of 1,900 killed (exclusive of transport losses)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War",
"paragraph_text": "This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the Western approach to Prussian territory extremely vulnerable. Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance, as he was now without any outside military support for his forces in Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Cape Esperance",
"paragraph_text": "Cape Esperance () is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. The Battle of Cape Esperance, one of several naval engagements fought in the waters north of the island during the World War II Guadalcanal campaign, took its name from this point. In 1943, Cape Esperance was the site of the final Japanese withdrawal of troops from the island after six months of fierce resistance against occupying US Marines.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Battle of the Tenaru",
"paragraph_text": "Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died.Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counteratt",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Battle of Chinsurah",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Biderra or Battle of Hoogly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between a force of British troops mainly of the British East India Company and a force of the Dutch East IndiaThe Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Biderra or Battle of Hoogly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between a force of British troops mainly of the British East India Company and a force of the Dutch East India Company which had been invited by the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar to help him eject the British and establish themselves as the leading commercial company in Bengal. Despite Britain and the Dutch Republic not formally being at war, the Dutch advanced up the Hooghly River. They met a mixed force of British and local troops at Chinsurah, just outside Calcutta. The British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the Dutch, forcing them to withdraw. The British engaged and defeated the ships the Dutch used to deliver the troops in a separate naval battle on November 24.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the United States withdraw from the country it had defeated during the Guadalcanal battle, following the end of the Second World War? | [
{
"id": 67057,
"question": "who was defeated in the battle of guadalcanal",
"answer": "Japan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 52871,
"question": "when did the us leave #1 after wwii",
"answer": "April 28, 1952",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | April 28, 1952 | [] | true | After WWII, when did the US leave the nation it defeated at the Battle of Guadalcanal? |
3hop2__57238_1926_54362 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Atlanta in the American Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Something Is Squeezing My Skull",
"paragraph_text": " with live recordings of \"This Charming Man\", \"Best Friend on the Payroll\" and \"I Keep Mine Hidden\", the latter being performed for the first time ever by Morrissey and his band at BBC Radio 2's 'Live With Morrissey' concert in February 2009.\"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\" is a song with lyrics by Morrissey and music by Alain Whyte. The song is the second single to be released from Morrissey's The single comes backed with live recordings of \"This Charming Man\", \"Best Friend on the Payroll\" and \"I Keep Mine Hidden\", the latter being performed for the first time ever by Morrissey and his band at BBC Radio 2's 'Live With Morrissey' concert in February 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Burning Man",
"paragraph_text": "Burning Man is organized by the Burning Man Project, a non-profit organization that, in 2014, succeeded a for - profit limited liability company (Black Rock City, LLC) that was formed in 1997 to represent the event's organizers, and is now considered a subsidiary of the non-profit organization. In 2010, 51,515 people attended Burning Man. Attendance in 2011 was capped at 50,000 participants and the event sold out on July 24; the attendance rose to 70,000 in 2015. Smaller regional events inspired by the principles of Burning Man have been held internationally; some of these events are also officially endorsed by the Burning Man Project as regional branches of the event.Burning Man is organized by the Burning Man Project, a non-profit organization that, in 2014, succeeded a for - profit limited liability company (Black Rock City, LLC) that was formed in 1997 to represent the event's organizers, and is now considered a subsidiary of the non-profit organization. In 2010, 51,515 people attended Burning Man. Attendance in 2011 was capped at 50,000 participants and the event sold out on July 24; the attendance rose to 70,000 in 2015. Smaller regional events inspired by the principles of Burning Man have been held internationally; some of these events are also officially endorsed by the Burning Man Project as regional branches of the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "24: Legacy",
"paragraph_text": "Consisting of 12 episodes, the show follows the life of war hero Eric Carter (Corey Hawkins) using real time method of narration. Miranda Otto plays Rebecca Ingram, the former head of the now revived Counter Terrorist Unit in Washington, D.C. Set three years after the events of 24: Live Another Day, it adheres to the real time concept of covering the events of a 24 - hour period and begins and ends at 12: 00 p.m. However, like Live Another Day, there is a 12 - hour time jump within the final episode.Consisting of 12 episodes, the show follows the life of war hero Eric Carter (Corey Hawkins) using real time method of narrationConsisting of 12 episodes, the show follows the life of war hero Eric Carter (Corey Hawkins) using real time method of narration. Miranda Otto plays Rebecca Ingram, the former head of the now revived Counter Terrorist Unit in Washington, D.C. Set three years after the events of 24: Live Another Day, it adheres to the real time concept of covering the events of a 24 - hour period and begins and ends at 12: 00 p.m. However, like Live Another Day, there is a 12 - hour time jump within the final episode.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Black Cobain",
"paragraph_text": "Black Cobain attended Virginia State University, graduated magna cum laude, and obtained employment at the Boys & Girls Club, uncertain he could make a viable living and income from his ambitions as an emcee. During this time, he linked with long-time friend and mentor, Le'Greg O. Harrison, and under his direction began to professionalize his sound and actively exploit his talent through local performances, collaborations, sets, and freestyles. In 2009, Black signed to The Board Administration as their first official signee and shortly thereafter left full-time employment to fully pursue emceeing as a career.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Thuringia",
"paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, Thuringia was situated at the border between Germanic and Slavic territories, marked by the Saale river. The Ostsiedlung movement led to the assimilation of Slavic people between the 11th and the 13th century under German rule. The population growth increased during the 18th century and stayed high until World War I, before it slowed within the 20th century and changed to a decline since 1990. Since the beginning of Urbanisation around 1840, the Thuringian cities have higher growth rates resp. smaller rates of decline than rural areas (many villages lost half of their population since 1950, whereas the biggest cities (Erfurt and Jena) keep growing).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "64th Venice International Film Festival",
"paragraph_text": "The 64th annual Venice International Film Festival, held in Venice, Italy, opened on 29 August 2007, with Joe Wright's \"Atonement\" and closed 8 September 2007. Host of the event was Italian actress Ambra Angiolini. The Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to American director Tim Burton. Once again all the films running the contest were shown for the first time as world premieres in keeping with the festival tradition since the Second World War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Zhang Chunzhen",
"paragraph_text": "Zhang Chunzhen (born 1970) is a retired female pole vaulter from PR China, who was one of the leading athletes in her discipline in the early 1990s. Before the event was an official world record event for women, Zhang set and improved the world record eight times. She set her personal best (4.05 metres) in the women's pole vault event on 10 August 1991 in Guangzhou, China. When Chinese rival Sun Caiyun set the first official world record in the event in May 1992, she actually only equalled Zhang's 4.05 from the year before.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon",
"paragraph_text": "The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon is a painting by Edward Burne-Jones, started in 1881. The massive painting measures 279 cm × 650 cm, and is widely considered to be Burne-Jones's \"magnum opus\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Concluding",
"paragraph_text": "Concluding is a novel by British writer Henry Green first published in 1948. It is set entirely on the expansive and idyllic premises of a state-run institution for girls somewhere in rural England and chronicles the events of one summer's day—a Wednesday, and \"Founder's Day\"—in the lives of the staff, the students, and several other people living on the grounds. During that day, two girls go missing.Concluding is a novel by British writer Henry Green first published in 1948. It is set entirely on the expansive and idyllic premises of a state-run institution for girls somewhere in rural England and chronicles the events of one summer's day—a Wednesday, and \"Founder's Day\"—in the lives of the staff, the students, and several other people living on the grounds. During that day, two girls go missing.Concluding is a novel by British writer Henry Green first published in 1948. It is set entirely on the expansive and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Burn It Black",
"paragraph_text": "ky\n\"Bullet\" – 3:41 Daniel Blaine Grady\n\"Faithless\" – 3:20 written by Daniel Blaine Grady\n\"Only Hurts Awhile\" – 5:11 Daniel Blaine Grady\n\"I-IV-V\" – 3:02 Daniel Blaine Grady\n\"Sherman\"Burn It Black is the first full-length studio album of the American rock band Injected. It was produced by Butch Walker and released on February 26, 2002 on Island Records.BBurn It Black is the first full-length studio album of the American rock band Injected. It was produced by Butch Walker and released on February 26, 2002 on Island Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Georgiana Burne-Jones",
"paragraph_text": "Georgiana Burne-Jones, Lady Burne-Jones (Birmingham, 21 July 1840 – 2 February 1920), the second oldest of the Macdonald sisters, was the wife of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood artist Edward Burne-Jones, mother of painter Philip Burne-Jones, aunt of novelist Rudyard Kipling, confidante and friend of George Eliot, William Morris, and John Ruskin something of a painter and engraver in her own right. She was a Trustee of the South London Gallery and was elected to the parish Council of Rottingdean, near Brighton in Sussex.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Keeping Up with the Joneses (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Jeff Gaffney (Zach Galifianakis) works as a Human Resources professional at a Defense contractor company called MBI, based in Atlanta. He and his wife Karen (Isla Fisher) live in a nice cul - de-sac with their two children, who are away at summer camp. They make the acquaintance of their two new neighbors, Tim (Jon Hamm) and Natalie Jones (Gal Gadot). Tim is a travel writer whose hobbies include glassblowing, and Natalie is a social media consultant, cooking blogger and philanthropist. They are both impossibly good - looking, accomplished and stylish, yet overly friendly with the Gaffneys.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Madi Kalyanpur",
"paragraph_text": "Madi Kalyanpur is a village development committee in Chitwan District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6598 people living in 1238 individual households.gopalnagar is a mostpopular village in madi is also kalyan pur vdc there ia a lot of tharu people setting manymany years ago.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | During the conflict that resulted in the first decrease of the African-American population in New York City, who was responsible for setting fire to the city that serves as the backdrop for "Keeping Up with the Joneses"? | [
{
"id": 57238,
"question": "where is keeping up with the jones set",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 1926,
"question": "Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC?",
"answer": "the Civil War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 54362,
"question": "who burned down #1 in #2",
"answer": "Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood | [] | true | Who burned down the city where Keeping Up with the Joneses is set, during the war marking the first time that the number of black people living in NYC declined? |
2hop__1845_38366 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Floral Park, New York",
"paragraph_text": "Floral Park is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, on Long Island. The neighborhood of Floral Park in the New York City borough of Queens, is adjacent to the village. The village is at the western border of Nassau County, and is located mainly in the Town of Hempstead, while the section north of Jericho Turnpike is within the Town of North Hempstead. The population as of the US Census of 2010 is 15,863.Floral Park is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, on Long Island. The neighborhood of Floral Park in the New York",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Lombardi's Pizza",
"paragraph_text": " the area's factories. In 1905 Lombardi received a business license to operate a pizzeria restaurant, and soon had a clientele that included ItalianLombardi's is a pizzeria located at 32 Spring Street on the corner of Mott Street in the Nolita neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. Opened in 1905, it has been acknowledged by the Pizza Hall of Fame as the first pizzeria in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Admiralenbuurt",
"paragraph_text": "Admiralenbuurt is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was constructed in the 1920s. The neighborhood is bisected by the Admiralengracht. From 1990-2010 it was part of the borough of De Baarsjes; in 2010 it along with the rest of De Baarsjes became part of the borough of Amsterdam-West.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Heidelberg, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Heidelberg is a borough located southwest of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,244 at the 2010 census. The borough was named after Heidelberg in Germany, the native home of a large share of the early settlers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Alaska",
"paragraph_text": "Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla. CDPs have not been established for these areas by the United States Census Bureau, except that seven CDPs were established for the Ketchikan-area neighborhoods in the 1980 Census (Clover Pass, Herring Cove, Ketchikan East, Mountain Point, North Tongass Highway, Pennock Island and Saxman East), but have not been used since. The remaining population was scattered throughout Alaska, both within organized boroughs and in the Unorganized Borough, in largely remote areas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Shippingport, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Shippingport is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River. The population was 214 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Bronx",
"paragraph_text": "The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Riverdale High School",
"paragraph_text": "Riverdale High School (Archie Comics), the fictional school in Archie Comics Riverdale High School (Riverdale, California) in Riverdale, California Riverdale High School (Fort Myers, Florida) in Fort Myers, Florida Riverdale High School (Riverdale, Georgia) in Riverdale, Georgia Riverdale High School (Port Byron, Illinois) in Port Byron, Illinois Riverdale High School (Jefferson, Louisiana) in Jefferson, Louisiana Riverdale High School (Riverdale, Nebraska) in Riverdale, Nebraska Riverdale High School (Hancock County, Ohio) in Mount Blanchard, Ohio Riverdale High School (Portland, Oregon) in Portland, Oregon Riverdale High School (Murfreesboro, Tennessee) in Murfreesboro, Tennessee Riverdale High School (Muscoda, Wisconsin) in Muscoda, Wisconsin Riverdale High School (Pierrefonds, Quebec) in Pierrefonds, Quebec, Canada Riverdale High School, Dehradun, India in Dallanwala, Dehradun",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Soundview, Bronx",
"paragraph_text": "Soundview is a working - class neighborhood geographically located in the Clason Point section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 9. Its boundaries, starting from the North and moving clockwise are the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the North, White Plains Road to the East, Lacombe Avenue to the South, and the Bronx River to the West. The Bruckner Expressway bisects the neighborhood horizontally along the center and the Bronx River Parkway runs north to south. Soundview Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Soundview.RT Pelham Line on Westchester Avenue and in close proximity to Soundview Avenue (once served by a streetcar). Prior to the late 20th century, large parcels across the neighborhood remained undeveloped. Some land in the neighborhood was used in 1947 for a temporary New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) housing project made up of 947 apartments in 473 Quonset huts. One remaining Qu",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Flatbush, Brooklyn",
"paragraph_text": "bush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood consists of several subsections in central Brooklyn and is generally bounded by Prospect Park to the north, East Flatbush to the east, Midwood to the south, and Kensington and Parkville to the west. The modern neighborhood includes or borders several institutions of note, including Brooklyn College.\nThe area was home to the Canarsee people before contact with EuropeansFlatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Founded in 1651 by Dutch colonists, the neighborhood, which consists of several subsections, had a population of 105,804 as of the 2010 United States Census.Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Founded in 1651 by Dutch colonists, the neighborhood, which consists of several subsections, had a population of 105,804 as of the 2010 United States Census.Flatbush",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Bronx",
"paragraph_text": "1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.The Bronx is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California, originally formed in 2002. The band's current lineupThe Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Judson Memorial Church",
"paragraph_text": "The Judson Memorial Church is located on Washington Square South between Thompson Street and Sullivan Street, opposite Washington Square Park, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and with the United Church of Christ.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Overbrook (Pittsburgh)",
"paragraph_text": "Overbrook is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's South Hills area. It has zip codes of 15227, 15234 and 15210 and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 4 (South Neighborhoods). Originally called Fairhaven, the name was changed to Overbrook when breaking away from Baldwin Township to become a borough. Overbrook is located at the edge of the city, south of Downtown, and is surrounded by the city neighborhoods Brookline and Carrick and the boroughs of Castle Shannon and Whitehall. Overbrook Borough was one of the last annexed into the City of Pittsburgh. The historic Overbrook Community Center retains its borough origins and is still used by the community.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Zestienhoven (district)",
"paragraph_text": "Zestienhoven is a neighborhood of Rotterdam, Netherlands and is part of the borough Overschie. Zestienhoven is the largest district in Overschie, but is sparsely populated. The Polder Zestienhoven is within the district, east of the urban area of Overschie. On the east side is the neighborhood Schiebroek and on the north side Rotterdam The Hague Airport.Zestienhoven is a neighborhood of Rotterdam, Netherlands and is part of the borough Overschie. Zestienhoven is the largest district in Overschie, but is sparsely populated. The Polder Zestienhoven is within the district, east of the urban area of Overschie. On the east side is",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | How many people reside in the borough which houses the Riverdale neighborhood? | [
{
"id": 1845,
"question": "In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?",
"answer": "the Bronx",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 38366,
"question": "What is the #1 's population?",
"answer": "1,438,159",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 1,438,159 | [] | true | What is the population of the borough that contains the neighborhood of Riverdale? |
3hop1__128554_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Cat's Eye Nebula",
"paragraph_text": "Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rateObservations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey",
"paragraph_text": "Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Raglan Mine",
"paragraph_text": "Raglan Mine is a large nickel mining complex in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec, Canada. It is located approximately south of Deception Bay. Discovery of the deposits is credited to Murray Edmund Watts in 1931 or 1932. It is owned and operated by Glencore. The mine site is located in sub-arctic permafrost of the Cape Smith Belt, with an average underground temperature of .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain. The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)—away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Most snowfall occurs from December through March, as most years see no measurable snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October. There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "The Appalachian Mountains are the coolest area of the state, with temperatures averaging in the low 40s and upper 30s °F (6–3 °C) for highs in the winter and falling into the low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower on winter nights. Relatively cool summers have temperatures rarely rising above 80 °F (27 °C). Average snowfall in many areas exceeds 30 in (76 cm) per year, and can be heavy at the higher elevations; for example, during the Blizzard of 1993 more than 60 in (152 cm) of snow fell on Mount Mitchell over a period of three days. Mount Mitchell has received snow in every month of the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "WIRR",
"paragraph_text": "WIRR (90.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Virginia, Minnesota, serving the Iron Range area. The station is owned by Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), and airs MPR's \"Classical Music Network\", originating from KSJN in Minneapolis/St. Paul.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Valencia",
"paragraph_text": "Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Lime Kiln Valley AVA",
"paragraph_text": "The Lime Kiln Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the larger Cienega Valley AVA in San Benito County, California. This appellation spans and was granted AVA status in 1982. The soil in the region is composed of foundations of limestone and dolomite with sandy, gravelly loam above. The area has a wide diurnal temperature variation of up to , with daytime temperatures in to range during the summer growing seasons. The AVA is home to old vine Mourvedre plantings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Guiyang",
"paragraph_text": "Guiyang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), tempered by its low latitude and high elevation. It has cool winters and moderate-temperature summers; the majority of the year's 1,118 millimetres (44.0 in) of precipitation occurs from May to July. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) in January to 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.35 °C (59.6 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with occasional flurries in winter. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 12 percent in January to 41 percent in August, the city receives only 1150 hours of sunshine, making it one of China's least sunny major cities. Average monthly relative humidity is consistently above 75% throughout the year.Guiyang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), tempered by its low latitude and high elevation. It has cool winters and moderate-temperature summers; the majority of the year's 1,118 millimetres (44.0 in) of precipitation occurs from May to July. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) in January to 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.35 °C (59.6 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with occasional flurries in winter. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 12 percent in January to 41 percent in August, the city receives only 1150 hours of sunshine, making it one of China's least sunny major cities. Average monthly relative humidity is consistently above 75% throughout the year.Guiyang is the capital of Guizhou province of the People's Republic of China. It is located in the center of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and on the north bank of the Nanming River, a branch of the Wu River. The city has an elevation of about 1,100 meters (3,600 ft). It has an area of 8,034 square kilometers (3,102 sq mi). At the 2020 census, its population was 5",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city isRichmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sichuan",
"paragraph_text": " Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the province is the Min River of central Sichuan, which joins the Yangtze at Yibin. Sichuan's 4 main rivers, as Sichuan means literally, are Jaling JiangDue to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the standard daytime cold season weather in the area encompassing Richmond, within the state that houses the WIRR station? | [
{
"id": 128554,
"question": "What city is WIRR located?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region where Richmond is found, in the state where WIRR operates? |
3hop1__159803_89752_75165 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Colorado Springs, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in the east central portion of the state. It is situated on Fountain Creek and is located 60 miles (97 km) south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. Colorado, and the 40th-most-populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area, which had 755,105 residents in 2020, and the second-most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. It is located inColorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Maine",
"paragraph_text": "State of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language None Spoken languages English: 92%State of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language None Spoken languages English: 92% French: 5% Other: ≤ 3% Demonym Mainer Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Largest metro Greater Portland Area Ranked 39th Total 35,385 sq mi (91,646 km) Width 210 miles (338 km) Length 320 miles (515 km)% water 13.5 Latitude 42 ° 58 ′ N to 47 ° 28 ′ N Longitude 66 ° 57 ′ W to 71 ° 5 ′ W Population Ranked 42nd Total 1,335,907 (2017 est.) Density 43.0 / sq mi (16.6 / km) Ranked 38th Median household income $50,756 (40th) Elevation Highest point Mount Katahdin 5,270 ft (1606.4 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood District of Maine (Massachusetts) Admission to Union March 15, 1820 (23rd) Governor Paul LePage (R) President of the Senate Michael Thibodeau (R) Legislature Maine Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Susan Collins (R) Angus King (I) U.S. House delegation Chellie Pingree (D) Bruce Poliquin (R) (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - ME Abbreviations ME, Me. Website www.maine.govState of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "1689 Boston revolt",
"paragraph_text": " 1689 Boston revolt was a popular uprising on April 18, 1689, against the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of the Dominion of New England. A well-organized \"mob\" of provincial militia and citizens formed in the town of Boston, the capital of the dominion, and arrested dominIn the early 1680s, King Charles II of England began taking steps to reorganize the colonies of New England. The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was revoked in 1684 after its leaders refused to act on his demands for reforms in the colony, when Charles sought to streamline the administration of the colonies and bring them more closely under crown control. He died in 1685 but his successor continued the efforts, Roman Catholic James II, culminating in his creation of the Dominion of New England. He appointed former New York governor Sir Edmund Andros as dominion governor in 1686. The dominion was composed of the territories of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Connecticut Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, and the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. In 1688, its jurisdiction was expanded to include New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey.Andros's rule was extremely unpopular in New England. He disregarded local representation, denied the validity of existing land titles in Massachusetts (which had been dependent on the old charter), restricted town meetings, and forced the Church of England into largely Puritan regions. He also enforced the Navigation Acts which threatened the existence of certain trading practices of New England. The royal troops stationed in Boston were often mistreated by their officers, who were supporters of the governor and often either Anglican or Roman Catholic.In the early 1680s, King Charles II of England began taking steps to reorganize the colonies of New England. The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was revoked in 1684 after its leaders refused to act on his demands for reforms in the colony, when Charles sought to streamline the administration of the colonies and bring them more closely under crown control. He died in ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiestFounded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083 (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Pennsylvania is the 33rd - largest state by area, and the 6th-most populous state according to the last official US census count in 2010. It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states. Pennsylvania's two most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,567,872), and Pittsburgh (303,625). The state capital and its 10th largest city is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Catholic Church in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. With 70.4 million members, it is the largest religious denomination in the United States, comprising 22% of the population as of 2017. The United States has the fourth largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, the largest Catholic minority population, and the largest English - speaking Catholic population. The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New England",
"paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jacksonville, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is a city in Calhoun County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 12,548, which is a 49% increase since 2000. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Jacksonville State University is located here, which is a center of commerce and one of the largest employers in the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "PricewaterhouseCoopers",
"paragraph_text": "PricewaterhouseCoopers (doing business as PwC) is a multinational professional services network with headquarters in London, United Kingdom. PwC ranks as the second largest professional services firm in the world and is one of the Big Four auditors, along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG.PwC is a network of firms in 158 countries, 721 locations, with 250,930 people. As of 2015, 22% of the workforce worked in Asia, 26% in North America and the Caribbean and 32% in Western Europe. The company's global revenues were $37.7 billion in FY 2017, of which $16 billion was generated by its Assurance practice, $9.46 billion by its Tax practice and $12.25 billion by its Advisory practice. PwC provides services to 420 out of 500 Fortune 500 companies.The firm was formed in 1998 by a merger between Coopers & Lybrand and Price Waterhouse. Both firms had histories dating back to the 19th century. The trading name was shortened to PwC in September 2010 as part of a rebranding effort.As of 2017, PwC is the 5th-largest privately owned company in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Malo, Washington",
"paragraph_text": "Malo is an unincorporated community in Ferry County, Washington, United States. Malo is located on Washington State Route 21 north-northeast of Republic. Malo has a post office with ZIP code 99150 and had a 2010 census population of 28. The community has the state's largest secondhand store, Malo Trading Post.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "AS 27).The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TVTucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the number of inhabitants in the most populous state within the U.S. region once impacted by threats to trade due to the Navigation Acts? | [
{
"id": 159803,
"question": "In which location were trading practices threatened?",
"answer": "New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 89752,
"question": "what is the largest state in #1",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 75165,
"question": "what is the population of the state of #2",
"answer": "1,335,907",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | 1,335,907 | [] | true | What's the population of the largest state in the region of the U.S. where trading practices were once threatened by the Navigation Acts? |
3hop1__127821_157828_162309 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Catalan language",
"paragraph_text": "Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Languages of Sierra Leone",
"paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Yugoslavia at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Cyprus",
"paragraph_text": " Cyprus announced that all of its ports of entry in the north were closed, as they were effectively not under its control.[citation needed]The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the politics on the island, as well as Greco-Turkish relations. Around 150,000 settlers from Turkey are believed to be living in the north—many of whom were forced from Turkey by the Turkish government—inCyprus has two official languages, Greek and Turkish. Armenian and Cypriot Maronite Arabic are recognised as minority languages. Although without official status, English is widely spoken and it features widely on road signs, public notices, and in advertisements, etc. English was the sole official language during British colonial rule and the lingua franca until 1960, and continued to be used (de facto) in courts of law until 1989 and in legislation until 1996. 80.4% of Cypriots are proficient in the English language as a second language. Russian is widely spoken among the country's minorities, residents and citizens of post-Soviet countries, and Pontic Greeks. Russian, after English and Greek, is the third language used on many signs of shops and restaurants, particularly in Limassol and Paphos. In addition to these languages, 12% speak French and 5% speak German.The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the politics on the island, as well as Greco-Turkish relations. Around 150,000 settlers from Turkey are believed to be living in the north—many of whom were forced from Turkey by the Turkish government—in violation of the Geneva Convention and various UN resolutions. Following the invasion and the capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops, the Republic of Cyprus announced that all of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Madagascar",
"paragraph_text": " policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority.Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth largest island, the second-largest island country and the 46th largest country in theThe Malagasy language is of Malayo-Polynesian origin and is generally spoken throughout the island. The numerous dialects of Malagasy, which are generally mutually intelligible, can be clustered under one of two subgroups: eastern Malagasy, spoken along the eastern forests and highlands including the Merina dialect of Antananarivo, and western Malagasy, spoken across the western coastal plains. French became the official language during the colonial period, when Madagascar came under the authority of France. In the first national Constitution of 1958, Malagasy and French were named the official languages of the Malagasy Republic. Madagascar is a francophone country, and French is mostly spoken as a second language among the educated population and used for international communication.No official languages were recorded in the Constitution of 1992, although Malagasy was identified as the national language. Nonetheless, many sources still claimed that Malagasy and French were official languages, eventually leading a citizen to initiate a legal case against the state in April 2000, on the grounds that the publication of official documents only in the French language was unconstitutional. The High Constitutional Court observed in its decision that, in the absence of a language law, French still had the character of an official language.In the Constitution of 2007, Malagasy remained the national language while official languages were reintroduced: Malagasy, French, and English. English was removed as an official language from the constitution approved by voters in the November 2010 referendum. The outcome of the referendum, and its consequences for official and national language policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Olivera Marković",
"paragraph_text": "Olivera Marković (née Đorđević; ; 3 May 1925 – 2 July 2011) was a Serbian actress. She appeared in 170 films and television shows between 1946 and 2005. She won the Golden Arena for Best Actress in 1964 for her role in \"Službeni položaj\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Guyana",
"paragraph_text": "Guyana is the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population, however, speak Guyanese Creole, an English - based creole language, as a first language. Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean. CARICOM, of which Guyana is a member, is headquartered in Guyana's capital and largest city, Georgetown. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of territorial entities where German is an official language",
"paragraph_text": "Country Population 2014 / 2015 Speakers Notes (native) (second) Germany 81,083,600 74,430,000 (91.8%) 5,600,000 (6.9%) Sole nationwide official language Belgium 11,245,629 73,000 (0.6%) 2,472,746 (22%) De jure nationwide co-official language (majority language only in German speaking community) Austria 8,602,112 7,999,964 (93%) 516,000 (6%) De jure sole nationwide official language Switzerland 8,256,000 5,329,393 (64.6%) 395,000 (5%) Co-official language at federal level; de jure sole official language in 17, co-official in 4 cantons (out of 26) Luxembourg 562,958 11,000 (2%) 380,000 (67.5%) De jure nationwide co-official language Liechtenstein 37,370 32,075 (85.8%) 5,200 (13.9%) De jure sole nationwide official language Total 109,787,669 87,875,432 9,368,946 Total speakers: 97,244,378",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Spanish language in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Spanish language in the United States has forty - five million Hispanic and Latino Americans that speak Spanish as their first, second or heritage language, and there are six million Spanish language students in the United States, making it the second most spoken language of the United States. With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish - speaking population in the world after Mexico, although it is not an official language of the country. Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second - language speakers. About half of all American Spanish speakers also assessed themselves as speaking English ``very well ''in the 2000 U.S. Census. The United States is among the Spanish - speaking countries that has its own Academy of the Spanish Language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Languages of Namibia",
"paragraph_text": "Namibia, despite its scant population, is home to a wide diversity of languages, from multiple language families: Indo - European, Bantu, and the various Khoisan families. When Namibia was administered by South Africa, Afrikaans, German, and English enjoyed an equal status as official languages. Upon Namibian independence in 1990, English was enshrined as the nation's sole official language in the constitution of Namibia. German and Afrikaans were stigmatised as having colonial overtones, while the rising of Mandela's Youth League and the 1951 Defiance Campaign spread English among the masses as the language of the campaign against apartheid.Namibia, despite its scant population, is home to a wide diversity of languages, from multiple",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Moldova at the 1996 Summer Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Moldova competed in the Summer Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at theMoldova competed in the Summer Olympic Games as an independent nation for the first time at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. Previously, Moldovan athletes competed for the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of territorial entities where French is an official language",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2015, there are 29 independent nations where French is an official language. The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where French is an official or de facto language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Russian language",
"paragraph_text": "During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Serbian language",
"paragraph_text": "Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Languages of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Many languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in the United States. Today over 350 languages are used by the U.S. population. The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States. Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country. The United States does not have an official language, but 32 state governments out of 50 have declared English to be one, or the only, official language. The government of Louisiana offers services and most documents in both English and French, as does New Mexico in English and Spanish. The government of Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, operates almost entirely in Spanish, even though its official languages are Spanish and English. There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii. Alaska officializes English and twenty native languages.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the first Olympic team established for the nation where one of the official languages is the same as Olivera Marković's mother tongue? | [
{
"id": 127821,
"question": "What language is Olivera Marković in?",
"answer": "Serbian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 157828,
"question": "#1 is the co-official language of what country?",
"answer": "Kosovo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 162309,
"question": "When did #2 first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?",
"answer": "2016",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 2016 | [] | true | When did the country using Olivera Marković's native language as one of its official languages first have its own Olympic team? |
3hop2__30152_105395_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing \"what they can to rescue you\". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Star Cola",
"paragraph_text": "Star Cola () is a cola drink produced in Myanmar. Star Cola is manufactured and distributed by \"MGS Beverages Co., Ltd.\", which is under the MGS (Myanma Golden Star) Group of Companies.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "New Coke",
"paragraph_text": "New Coke was the unofficial name for the reformulation of Coca - Cola introduced in April 1985 by the Coca - Cola Company to replace the original formula of its flagship soft drink Coca - Cola (also called Coke). In 1992, it was named Coke II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth League (SYL) and other nascent Somali political organizations, such as Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) and the Somali National League (SNL) — that Somalia achieve independence within ten years. British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until 1960.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The discovery of new maritimeEconomic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic. The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Schweppes Cola",
"paragraph_text": "chweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available worldwide. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets and small takeSchweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available around the world. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets & small take-away food outlets. In Australia, the product was discontinued when Schweppes obtained a license to produce Pepsi products in Australia. Schweppes Cola is currently owned and distributed by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Today, the product can be found in Canada and other countries.Schweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available worldwide. The taste is similarSchweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available around the world. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets & small take-away food outlets. In Australia, the product was discontinued when Schweppes obtained a license to produce Pepsi products in Australia. Schweppes Cola is currently owned and distributed by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Today, the product can be found in Canada and other countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Cape Cod",
"paragraph_text": "The Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Cape Cod is a former bottler of Coca-Cola, Dr Pepper and Canada Dry soft drinks located in Sandwich, Massachusetts, United States. The company was bought out in 2000 by the Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Northern New England.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defiedThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Somalis",
"paragraph_text": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who were the individuals that the Ajuran Empire of Somali Muslims ejected from the nation known for Star Cola production, as a declaration of sovereignty signified through coin minting? | [
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 105395,
"question": "The country for Star Cola was what?",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #1 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were the people that the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire made coins to proclaim independence from, expelled from the country where Star Cola is produced? |
3hop1__8148_24918_24939 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Canton of Zürich",
"paragraph_text": "The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called \"Züritüütsch\", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mariem Hassan",
"paragraph_text": "Mariem Hassan (; May 1958 – 22 August 2015) was a Sahrawi singer and lyricist from Western Sahara. She usually sang in Hassaniyya, an Arabic dialect spoken mostly in Western Sahara and Mauritania, and occasionally in Spanish. Her use of the Spanish language was related to the former status of Western Sahara as a Spanish colony.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": " as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in anIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Vasyl Stus, Oleksiy Tykhy, and Yuriy Lytvyn. Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery. On November 26, 1989, a day of prayer and fasting was proclaimed by Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev. On November 28, 1989, the Ukrainian SSR's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations. The decree was proclaimed on December 1, coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Old Norman",
"paragraph_text": "Old Norman, also called Old Northern French or Old Norman French, was one of many \"langues d'oïl\" (Old French) dialects. It was spoken throughout the region of what is now called Normandy and spread into England, Southern Italy, Sicily and the Levant. It is the ancestor of modern Norman, including the insular dialects (such as Jèrriais), as well as Anglo-Norman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Roger Allen LaPorte",
"paragraph_text": "Roger Allen LaPorte (July 16, 1943 – November 10, 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in New York City on November 9, 1965, to protest the United States involvement in the war. A former seminarian, he was a 22-year-old member of the Catholic Worker Movement at the time of his death.Roger Allen LaPorte (July 16, 1943 – November 10, 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dutch language",
"paragraph_text": " German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West FlemishSome Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Dialect",
"paragraph_text": "The classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, and Serbian and Croatian, respectively), along with numerous other varieties. For political reasons, analyzing these varieties as \"languages\" or \"dialects\" yields inconsistent results: British and American English, spoken by close political and military allies, are almost universally regarded as dialects of a single language, whereas the standard languages of Serbia and Croatia, which differ from each other to a similar extent as the dialects of English, are being treated by some linguists from the region as distinct languages, largely because the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies. (The Serbo-Croatian language article deals with this topic much more fully.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Gonja language",
"paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.\n\n\n== Alphabet ==\nVowels used are: a,e,i,o,��,u,��.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Russian language",
"paragraph_text": " the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status wasRussian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures, e.g. Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, as well as because of later interaction in the 19th–20th centuries, although Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called \"Great Russian\" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called \"White Russian\" and Ukrainian, then called \"Little Russian\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kinyarwanda",
"paragraph_text": "Kinyarwanda (), known as Urufumbira in Kisoro, Uganda, is an official language of Rwanda and a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language spoken by at least 12 million people in Rwanda, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent parts of southern Uganda (the mutually intelligible Kirundi dialect is the official language of neighbouring Burundi). Kinyabwisha and Kinyamulenge are the mutually intelligible dialects spoken in North Kivu and South Kivu provinces of neighbouring DR Congo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Dialect",
"paragraph_text": "The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these languages are considered closely related or derived from the Italian Tus",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Madagascar",
"paragraph_text": " policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority.Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth largest island, the second-largest island country and the 46th largest country in theThe Malagasy language is of Malayo-Polynesian origin and is generally spoken throughout the island. The numerous dialects of Malagasy, which are generally mutually intelligible, can be clustered under one of two subgroups: eastern Malagasy, spoken along the eastern forests and highlands including the Merina dialect of Antananarivo, and western Malagasy, spoken across the western coastal plains. French became the official language during the colonial period, when Madagascar came under the authority of France. In the first national Constitution of 1958, Malagasy and French were named the official languages of the Malagasy Republic. Madagascar is a francophone country, and French is mostly spoken as a second language among the educated population and used for international communication.No official languages were recorded in the Constitution of 1992, although Malagasy was identified as the national language. Nonetheless, many sources still claimed that Malagasy and French were official languages, eventually leading a citizen to initiate a legal case against the state in April 2000, on the grounds that the publication of official documents only in the French language was unconstitutional. The High Constitutional Court observed in its decision that, in the absence of a language law, French still had the character of an official language.In the Constitution of 2007, Malagasy remained the national language while official languages were reintroduced: Malagasy, French, and English. English was removed as an official language from the constitution approved by voters in the November 2010 referendum. The outcome of the referendum, and its consequences for official and national language policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dialect",
"paragraph_text": "Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": "The Amoy dialect (Xiamen) is a hybrid of the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. Taiwanese is also a hybrid of these two dialects. Taiwanese in northern Taiwan tends to be based on the Quanzhou variety, whereas the Taiwanese spoken in southern Taiwan tends to be based on Zhangzhou speech. There are minor variations in pronunciation and vocabulary between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. The grammar is generally the same. Additionally, extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese Hokkien. On the other hand, the variants spoken in Singapore and Malaysia have a substantial number of loanwords from Malay and to a lesser extent, from English and other Chinese varieties, such as the closely related Teochew and some Cantonese.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who had a meeting with the leader from Russia on November 22, during the time of demonstrations, in the nation where people speak the Surzhyk dialect? | [
{
"id": 8148,
"question": "In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 24918,
"question": "Who visited the #1 while the protests were taking place?",
"answer": "Gorbachev",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 24939,
"question": "Who met with #2 on November 22?",
"answer": "Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Pope John Paul II | [
"John Paul II"
] | true | On November 22, who met with the Russian leader that visited the country where the Surzhyk dialect is spoken, when the protests were taking place? |
2hop__131061_54221 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Alcohol law",
"paragraph_text": "Alcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol. The United States defines an alcoholic beverage as,Alcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol. The United States defines an alcoholic beverage as, ``any beverage in liquid form which contains not less than one - half of one percent of alcohol by volume '', but this definition varies internationally. These laws can restrict those who can produce alcohol, those who can buy it, where one can buy it, or even prohibit the use and sale of alcohol entirel",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Adam Worth",
"paragraph_text": "Things began to go wrong when Worth's brother John was sent to cash a forged check in Paris, for which he was arrested and extradited to England. Worth managed to exonerate him and get him sent back to the United States. Four of his associates were arrested in Istanbul for spreading more forged letters of credit, and he had to use a considerable amount of money to buy off the judges and the police. Bullard became increasingly violent, as his alcoholism worsened, and he eventually left for New York, followed soon afterward by Kitty. He is widely considered the inspiration for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional criminal mastermind James Moriarty in the Sherlock Holmes series.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nAdam Worth was born into a poor Jewish family somewhere in Germany. His original surname might have been \"Werth\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tiber Oil Field",
"paragraph_text": "The Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater offshore oil field located in the Keathley Canyon block 102 of the United States sector of the Gulf of Mexico. The deepwater field (defined as water depth ,) was discovered in September 2009 andThe Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater offshore oil field located in the Keathley Canyon block 102 of the United States sector of the Gulf of Mexico. The deepwater field (defined as water depth ,) was discovered in September 2009 and it is operated by BP. Described as a \"giant\" find, it is estimated to contain of oil in place. Although BP states it is too early to be sure of the size – a \"huge\" field is usually considered to contain . It required the drilling of a deep well under of water, making it one of the deepest wells ever drilled at the time of discovery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "La Fave Block",
"paragraph_text": "The La Fave Block is located at the intersection of East Cooper Avenue and South Hunter Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a brick commercial building erected in the late 1880s, during the initial mining boom that created Aspen. Today it is the second oldest brick commercial building in the city, and, along with its neighbors on East Cooper, the only structure left built by Frank LaFave, one of Aspen's early settlers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Butler Hotel",
"paragraph_text": "The Butler Hotel or Hotel Butler in Seattle, Washington, was one of Seattle's leading hotels in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was located at the corner of Second Avenue and James Street, in what is now the Pioneer Square-Skid Road National Historic District. During the Prohibition era, its Rose Room was repeatedly cited for flouting the laws against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. It closed in 1933; the lower two floors survive as part of the Butler Garage. The building itself is also known as the Butler Block, the name over the main entrance.The Butler Hotel or Hotel Butler in Seattle, Washington, was one of Seattle's leading hotels in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was located at the corner of Second Avenue and James Street, in what is now the Pioneer Square-Skid Road National Historic District. During the Prohibition era, its Rose Room was repeatedly cited for flouting the laws against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. It closed in 1933; the lower two floors survive as part of the Butler",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Legal drinking age",
"paragraph_text": " and consume alcohol.Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcoholThe minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant",
"paragraph_text": " Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (SABG or SAPT) and the Community Mental HealthThe Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant (or ADMS Block Grant) was a federal assistance block grant given by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. This block grant has been replaced by two separate block grants which cover essentially theThe Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant (or ADMS Block Grant) was a federal assistance block grant given by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. This block grant has been replaced by two separate block grants which cover essentially the same set of services once combined in the ADMS. These are the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (Substance Abuse Block Grant) ( et seq) and the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New Jerusalem, San Joaquin County, California",
"paragraph_text": "New Jerusalem is an unincorporated community in San Joaquin County, California. It is located southeast of Tracy, at an elevation of 59 feet (18 m), and hosts the New Jerusalem Airport.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see National Minimum Drinking Age Act), the legal details vary greatly. While a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 21, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Bokaro (Thermal)",
"paragraph_text": "Bokaro Thermal is a census town in Bermo block in Bermo subdivision of Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Often colloquially referred to as 'BTPS', as the Bokaro Thermal Power Station is located in this area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "12 oz. Mouse",
"paragraph_text": "12 oz. Mouse is an American surreal humour and psychological thriller animated television series created by Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. The series revolves around Mouse Fitzgerald, nicknamed \"Fitz\" (voiced by Maiellaro), an alcoholic mouse who performs odd jobs so he can buy more beer. Together with his chinchilla companion Skillet, Fitz begins to recover suppressed memories that he once had a wife and a child who have now vanished. This leads him to seek answers about his past and the shadowy forces that seem to be manipulating his world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Challenge 21",
"paragraph_text": "Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 are part of a scheme in the United Kingdom, introduced by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA), with the intention of preventing young people gaining access to age restricted products including cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Under the scheme, customers attempting to buy age - restricted products are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 or 25, even though the minimum age to buy alcohol and cigarettes in the UK is 18.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Alcohol laws of Maine",
"paragraph_text": "Alcohol may be sold between the hours of 5am and 1am each day of the week. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Legal drinking age",
"paragraph_text": "Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Tracy-Causer Block",
"paragraph_text": "The Tracy-Causer Block is an historic commercial building located at 505-509 Fore Street in the Old Port commercial district of Portland, Maine. Built in 1866 as a mixed-used residential and commercial building, it is a rare surviving example of this type of building in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the earliest time at which one can purchase alcohol in the state that includes Tracy-Causer Block? | [
{
"id": 131061,
"question": "What state is Tracy-Causer Block located?",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 54221,
"question": "how early can you buy alcohol in #1",
"answer": "5am",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 5am | [] | true | How early can you buy alcohol in the state encompassing Tracy-Causer Block? |
3hop1__17192_78396_54865 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "WPIL",
"paragraph_text": "WPIL (91.7 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to serve Heflin, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Down the Hill Communications. It airs a mixed Southern Gospel/Classic Country/Bluegrass music format.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Northern Region, Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "Northern Nigeria was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962 it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Ted Daffan",
"paragraph_text": "Theron Eugene \"Ted\" Daffan (September 21, 1912 – October 6, 1996) was an American country musician noted for composing the seminal \"Truck Driver's Blues\" and two much covered country anthems of unrequited love, \"Born to Lose\" and \"I'm a Fool to Care\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "History of Israel",
"paragraph_text": "A Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the British a Mandate to rule Palestine which was to be turned into a Jewish National Home. A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the former Ottoman territories and sought to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine, leading to growing Arab -- Jewish tensions. Israeli independence in 1948 was marked by massive migration of Jews from Europe, a Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, followed by the Arab -- Israeli conflict. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "British America",
"paragraph_text": "English America (later British America) refers to the English territories in North America (including Bermuda), Central America, the Caribbean, and Guyana from 1607 to 1783. Formally, the British colonies in North America were known as British America and the British West Indies until 1776, when the Thirteen Colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard declared their independence and formed the United States of America. After that, the term British North America was used to describe the remainder of Britain's continental North American possessions. That term was first used informally in 1783, but it was uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the \"workshop of the world\". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Cracker Barrel",
"paragraph_text": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 18, 2012, the chain operates 639 stores in 43 states.45 states.\nCracker Barrel's menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine, with appearance and decor designed to resemble an old-fashioned general store. Each location features a front porch lined with wooden rocking chairs, a stone fireplace, and decorative artifacts from the local area. Cracker Barrel partners with country music performers",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ghazi Kanaan",
"paragraph_text": "Ghazi Kanaan (1942 – 12 October 2005) (; transliterations vary), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's Interior Minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon. His violent death duringGhazi Kanaan (1942 – 12 October 2005) (; transliterations vary), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's Interior Minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon. His violent death during an investigation into the assassination of Rafik Hariri drew international attention.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1223",
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1223, adopted unanimously on 28 January 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on Israel and Lebanon including 501 (1982), 508 (1982), 509 (1982) and 520 (1982) as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) approved in 426 (1978), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 July 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)",
"paragraph_text": "The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present - day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States. The Pilgrims' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 16th -- 17th century Holland in the Netherlands. The Pilgrims held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but, unlike other Puritans, they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church. As a separatist group, they were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands, so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America. The colony was established in 1620 and became the second successful English settlement in North America (after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607). The Pilgrims' story became a central theme of the history and culture of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 895",
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 895, adopted unanimously on 28 January 1994, after recalling previous resolutions on Israel and Lebanon including 501 (1982), 508 (1982), 509 (1982) and 520 (1982) as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) approved in 426 (1978), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 July 1994.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Minnesota Vikings",
"paragraph_text": "The Minneapolis Miracle was the final play of the 2017 / 18 Divisional Round game against the New Oreans Saints. The Vikings were trailing by one point and needed a field goal or touchdown to secure a trip to the NFC Championship Game. With less than ten seconds remaining in the game quarterback Case Keenum lobbed the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, which became the game winning touchdown. This also happens to be the very first walk - off victory in NFL playoff history. On KFAN 100.3, radio announcer, Paul Allen dubbed the play the 'Minneapolis Miraracle'. They would go on to the NFC Championship for the opportunity to be playing in the Super Bowl within their own stadium. This would end up not happening as the Vikings would lose to the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles 38 - 7.The Minneapolis Miracle was the final play of the 2017 / 18 Divisional Round game against the New Oreans Saints. The Vikings were trailing by one point and needed a field goal or touchdown to secure a trip to the NFC Championship Game. With less than ten seconds remaining in the game quarterback Case Keenum lobbed the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, which became the game winning touchdown. This also happens to be the very first walk - off",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": " three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For exampleThe First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through control of trade and finance in Latin America after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820. By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world. After losing its first Empire to the Americans, Britain then turned its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Increasing degrees of internal autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies in the 20th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WOPP",
"paragraph_text": "WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The station is owned by Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a variety format with a mix of country music and oldies during the week and Southern Gospel music on Sundays.WOPP (1290 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Opp, Alabama. The",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the nation that controlled southern Lebanon in 1978, prior to its recognition as a sovereign country, surrender its ownership of the American colonies? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 78396,
"question": "who owned #1 before it became a country",
"answer": "the British",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 54865,
"question": "when did the #2 lose the american colonies",
"answer": "1776",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1776 | [] | true | When were the American colonies lost by the country that owned the region that secured southern Lebanon in 1978, before it achieved country status? |
2hop__53433_59035 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
"paragraph_text": "In 1957, The Lord of the Rings was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 ``Big Read ''survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, The Lord of the Rings was found to be the`` Nation's best - loved book''. In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite ``book of the millennium ''. The Lord of the Rings was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sarah McLeod",
"paragraph_text": "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Galadriel",
"paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit prequel trilogy, Galadriel is played by Cate Blanchett. In the movies, other than possessing the Ring Nenya, Galadriel displays an ability to communicate with others telepathically and to assume a radiant and terrifying appearance.In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit prequel trilogy, Galadriel is played by Cate Blanchett. In the movies, other than possessing the Ring Nenya, Galadriel displays an ability to communicate with others telepathically and to assume a radiant and terrifying appearance.Galadriel (IPA: [��a��ladri.��l]) is a character created by J. R. R. Tolkien in his Middle-earth writings. She appears in The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales.\nShe was a royal Elf of both the Noldor and the Teleri, being a grandchild of both King Finwë and King Olwë. She was also close kin of King Ingwë of the Vanyar through her grandmother Indis.\nGaladriel was a leader during the rebellion of the Noldor, and present in their flight from Valinor during the First Age.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": " on the novel The Lord of the Rings by British authorThe Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.The Lord of the Rings is a trilogy of epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson, based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by British authorThe Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and TheConsidered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String",
"paragraph_text": " Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is basedThe Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "One Ring",
"paragraph_text": " One Ring, also called the Ruling Ring and Isildur's Bane, is a central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954–55). It first appeared in the earlier story The Hobbit (1937) as a magic ring that grants the wearer invisibility. Tolkien changed it into a malevolent Ring of Power and re-wrote parts of The Hobbit to fit in with the expanded narrative. TheThe One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win domination over Middle - earth. The Lord of the Rings concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from fulfilling his design.The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": " The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.The Lord of the Rings is a trilogyThe Lord of the Rings The poster for the series is a montage that features a range of characters and scenes from all three films Directed by Peter Jackson Produced by Peter Jackson Barrie M. Osborne Fran Walsh Tim Sanders Screenplay by Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Stephen Sinclair (The Two Towers) Based on The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Starring Elijah Wood Ian McKellen Liv Tyler Viggo Mortensen Sean Astin Cate Blanchett John Rhys - Davies Bernard Hill Billy Boyd Dominic Monaghan Orlando Bloom Christopher Lee Hugo Weaving Miranda Otto David Wenham Brad Dourif Karl Urban John Noble Sean Bean Ian Holm Andy Serkis (See below) Music by Howard Shore Cinematography Andrew Lesnie Edited by John Gilbert (The Fellowship of the Ring) Michael J. Horton Jabez Olssen (The Two Towers) Jamie Selkirk (The Return of the King) Production company WingNut Films The Saul Zaentz Company Distributed by New Line Cinema Release date 19 December 2001 (2001 - 12 - 19) (The Fellowship of the Ring) 18 December 2002 (2002 - 12 - 18) (The Two Towers) 17 December 2003 (2003 - 12 - 17) (The Return of the King) Running time 558 minutes (theatrical edition length) Country New Zealand United States Language English Budget $281,000,000 Box office $2,917,506,956",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of recurring musical themes used.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Billy Boyd (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor and musician. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger of the North, first introduced with the name Strider at Bree, as the Hobbits continued to call him throughout \"The Lord of the Rings\". He was eventually revealed to be the heir of Isildur and rightful claimant to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor. He was also a confidant of Gandalf and an integral part of the quest to destroy the One Ring and defeat the Dark Lord Sauron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Bilbo Baggins",
"paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film series, a prequel to The Lord of the Rings, the young Bilbo is portrayed by Martin Freeman while Ian Holm reprises his role as an older Bilbo in An Unexpected Journey (2012) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": " signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | On what date was the stunning country that served as the setting for The Lord of the Rings film established? | [
{
"id": 53433,
"question": "where did lord of the rings get filmed",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 59035,
"question": "when was #1 founded as a country",
"answer": "6 February 1840",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 6 February 1840 | [] | true | The beautiful country used as a backdrop for the movie The Lord of the Rings was founded on what date? |
3hop2__131820_132454_61019 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "BlackBerry",
"paragraph_text": "). These are currently designed, manufactured, and marketed by TCL Communication (under the brand of BlackBerry Mobile), BB Merah Putih, and Optiemus for the global, Indonesian, and Indian markets (respectively) using the BlackBerry brand under license.RBlackBerry is a line of smartphones, tablets, and services originally designed and marketed by Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (formerly known as Research In Motion, or RIM). These are currently designed, manufactured, and marketed by TCL Communication (under the brand of BlackBerry Mobile), BB Merah Putih, and Optiemus for the global, Indonesian, and Indian markets (respectively) using the BlackBerry brand under license.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Capital Department, Salta",
"paragraph_text": "Capital is a department located in Salta Province, Argentina. It is the department of the provincial capital, the city of Salta, and the most populated one.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Raleigh, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within 11 mi (18 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, a popular tavern frequented by the state legislators. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site. Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a state capital. Its original boundaries were formed by the downtown streets of North, East, West and South streets. The plan, a grid with two main axes meeting at a central square and an additional square in each corner, was based on Thomas Holme's 1682 plan for Philadelphia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Xalapa Symphony Orchestra",
"paragraph_text": "The Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa is a Mexican orchestra located in the city of Xalapa, the capital of the state of Veracruz. It was founded in 1929, and is considered the oldest symphony orchestra in Mexico.The Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa is a Mexican orchestra located in the city of Xalapa, the capital of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Quipapá",
"paragraph_text": "Quipapá is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 186 km away fromQuipapá is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 186 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 25.603 inhabitants.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "San José de las Lajas",
"paragraph_text": "San José de las Lajas is a municipality and the capital city of the newly formed Mayabeque Province of Cuba, after the segmentation of La Habana Province in 2011. It is located in the center north of the province, and is bisected by the Carretera Central.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "WEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Canhotinho",
"paragraph_text": "Canhotinho (\"Little Left-handed\") is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 223 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 24.381 inhabitants..\n\n\n== Geography ==\nState - Pernambuco\nRegion - Agreste Pernambucano\nBoundaries - Lajedo and Jurema (N); Palmeirina (S); Quipapá and Alagoas state (E); Angelim and Calçado (W).\nArea - 423.Canhotinho (\"Little",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Champaner",
"paragraph_text": "Champaner (����������������), formarly known as Muhammadpur, is a historical city in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat.Champaner (ચાંપાનેર), formarly known as Muhammadpur, is a historical city in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "History of Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "Georgia has had five different capitals in its history. The first was Savannah, the seat of government during British colonial rule, followed by Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta, the capital city from 1868 to the present day. The state legislature has gathered for official meetings in other places, most often in Macon and especially during the American Civil War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of Kolkata",
"paragraph_text": "Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta in English, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Indian Empire. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused European philosophies with Indian tradition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "San Francisco de Yare",
"paragraph_text": "The city of San Francisco de Paula de Yare is the capital of the Simón Bolívar Municipality, in the state of Miranda in Venezuela. It is located in the Middle Tuy Valley, approximately south of Caracas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Blackberry Smoke",
"paragraph_text": "Blackberry Smoke is an American rock band from Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The lineup consists of Charlie Starr (lead vocals, guitar), Richard Turner (bass, vocals), Brit Turner (drums), Paul Jackson (guitar, vocals), Brandon Still (keyboards), Benji Shanks (guitar), and Preston Holcomb (percussion).Blackberry Smoke is an American rock band from Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The lineup consists of Charlie Starr (lead vocals, guitar), Richard",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hyderabad",
"paragraph_text": "Haydar's city\" or \"lion city\", from haydar (lion) and ��bād (city). It was named toEstablished in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 150 years, with the city serving as its capital. The Nizami influence can still be seen in the culture of the Hyderabadi Muslims. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of the President of India. In 2014, the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2025.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tupanatinga",
"paragraph_text": "Tupanatinga is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 306 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 19.026 inhabitants.Tupanatinga is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 306 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 19.026 inhabitants.Tup",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Before the city where Blackberry Smoke originated was established, what was the capital city of the state where WEKL is based? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 132454,
"question": "What city was Blackberry Smoke formed in?",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 61019,
"question": "what was the capital of #1 before #2",
"answer": "Milledgeville",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Milledgeville | [] | true | What was the capital of the state where WEKL operates, before the city where Blackberry Smoke was formed? |
4hop1__360072_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Francisco de Orellana",
"paragraph_text": "Francisco de Orellana (; 1511 – November 1546) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He completed the first known navigation of the entire length of the Amazon River, which initially was named \"Rio de Orellana.\" He also founded the city of Guayaquil in what is now Ecuador.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Caravel",
"paragraph_text": "A caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: (kɐɾɐˈvɛlɐ)) is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The lateen sails gave it speed and the capacity for sailing windward (beating). Caravels were used by the Portuguese for the oceanic exploration voyages during the 15th and 16th centuries in the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, and Bartolomeu Dias all used caravels.A caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: (k��������v��l��)) is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.Paula Santiago (born Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "History of Maryland",
"paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón",
"paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jon Amtrup",
"paragraph_text": "He has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailorsHe has an extensive sailing background including two Transatlantic crossings, seven Bergen–Shetland races, a lot of solo- and double-handed sailing in Norway and the North Sea. The last five years he has sailed the Norwegian coast a number of times and also circumnavigated Svalbard. He often assists other sailors who ventures into the high latitudes. He is a member of The Explorers Club and Royal Geographical Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "History of Australia",
"paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored theThe first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Francisco Bojado",
"paragraph_text": "Francisco Bojado (born May 11, 1983 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Light Welterweight division and represented Mexico at the 2000 Olympic Games. He's a former IBA Continental, WBC Youth World, and WBC Continental Americas Light Welterweight Champion. Francisco is also the brother of amateur boxer, Angel Bojado. Australia.\nFrancisco lost in the second qualifying round at the games. He returned home with his eyes set on turning professional. Shortly after, he was signed by Shelly Finkel, a man who also managed Evander Holyfield and Mike Tyson, among many others. Finkel soon helped Bojado",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Portugal",
"paragraph_text": ", with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, withPortugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the offspring of the explorer of English allegiance, known to have voyaged along the eastern coast of the lands where Francisco Bojado was born, originating from Italy? | [
{
"id": 360072,
"question": "Francisco Bojado >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | Who is the child of the Italian navigator who sailed for England and explored the eastern coast of the continent Francisco Bojado's birthplace is located? |
2hop__17192_77606 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": "In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Lebanese Heritage Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The Lebanese Heritage Museum is a museum in Jounieh, Lebanon. It contains objects related to the history and culture of Lebanon from the Phoenician era to modern times.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tyre, Lebanon",
"paragraph_text": "Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hesperia Planum",
"paragraph_text": " a descriptor term used in planetary geology for a relatively smooth, elevated terrain on another planet or moon.\nThe Hesperia region of Mars was named by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1877 for an intermediate-tonedHesperia Planum is a broad lava plain in the southern highlands of the planet Mars. The plain is notable for its moderate number of impact craters and abundant wrinkle ridges. It is also the location of the ancient volcano Tyrrhena Mons (Tyrrhena Patera). The Hesperian time period on Mars is named after Hesperia Planum.Hesperia Planum is a broad lava plain in the southern highlands of the planet Mars. The plain is notable for its moderate number of impact craters and abundant wrinkle ridges. It is also the location of the ancient volcano Tyrrhena Mons (Tyrrhena Patera). The Hesperian time period on Mars is named after Hesperia Planum.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Lebanon Valley",
"paragraph_text": "The Lebanon Valley is a geographic region that lies between South Mountain and the Ridge and Valley Province of eastern Pennsylvania, United States. The valley lies almost entirely within Lebanon and Berks counties in Pennsylvania. Portions of the valley lie in eastern Dauphin and northern Lancaster counties in Pennsylvania. It is bound to the south west by the Susquehanna River, and its northeastern terminus is the adjoining Lehigh Valley.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Greece",
"paragraph_text": "Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bhagyanagar",
"paragraph_text": "Bhagyanagar is a semi urban area and the Heart of Koppal in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Koppal taluk of Koppal district in Karnataka. It is located one kilometer to the north side of koppal. This city is famous for power handloom work. Recently this Craft has been granted Geographical Indication and its GI tag number is 159.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tuban Regency",
"paragraph_text": "Tuban Regency is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. The Dutch name of the regency is 'Toeban'. It covers an area of 1,834.15 sq. km, and had a population of 1,118,464 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at 2014) is 1,149,882. Tuban is located in a strategic area, on the border of East Java with Central Java, passed by Jalan Nasional Daendels on North Coast of Java (Pantura). Therefore, in ancient times, Tuban was the main port of Majapahit and being a center of Islamic spreading by Walisongo., and west by Blora Regency and Rembang Regency (both",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Roger Feghali",
"paragraph_text": "Roger Feghali, born on September 20, 1973Roger Feghali (born 20 September 1973 in Wadi Chahrour, Lebanon) is a Lebanese rally driver, he is 14 times Lebanese Rally champion and the record holder of wins in Rally of Lebanon (part of MERC).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Geographic center of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Its position as located in a 1918 survey is located at 39 ° 50 ′ N 98 ° 35 ′ W / 39.833 ° N 98.583 ° W / 39.833; - 98.583 (Geographic Center of the Contiguous United States), about 2.6 miles (4.2 km) northwest of the center of Lebanon, Kansas, approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of the Kansas - Nebraska border.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Büsching (crater)",
"paragraph_text": "Büsching is a lunar impact crater that is located in the crater-covered southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German geographer Anton F. Büsching. The similar-sized crater Buch is located adjacent to its southwestern rim, and further to the southwest lies Maurolycus.Büsching is a lunar impact crater that is located in the crater-covered southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German geographer Anton F. Büsching. The similar-sized crater Buch is located adjacent to its southwestern rim, and further to the southwest lies",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "An-Nekhel Fortress",
"paragraph_text": " a man with two camels to draw water all day for the pilgrims. The Frenchmen were on their way to Saint Catherine's Monastery and avoided the well due to uncertainty of the reception they might receive.\n\n\n== Ottoman era ==\nThe existing fortress was built by Sultan SelimThe Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bronte Park, Tasmania",
"paragraph_text": "Bronte Park is a locality on the Marlborough Highway at the southern edge of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. It is located just north of the Lyell Highway and approximately halfway in between Hobart and Queenstown, and is also almost exactly in the geographic centre of the island.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mount Hermon",
"paragraph_text": "The springs, and the mountain itself, are much contested by the nations of the area for the use of the water. Mount Hermon is also called the ``snowy mountain, ''the`` gray - haired mountain'', and the ``mountain of snow ''. It is also called`` the eyes of the nation'' in Israel because its elevation makes it Israel's primary strategic early warning system.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Why was the physical positioning of the nation that took control of southern Lebanon in 1978 considered strategic in the historic context? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 77606,
"question": "the geographical location of #1 was strategic in ancient times because",
"answer": "its elevation makes it Israel's primary strategic early warning system",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | its elevation makes it Israel's primary strategic early warning system | [
"il",
"Israel",
"ISR"
] | true | In ancient times, why was the geographical location of the country that secured southern Lebanon in 1978 strategic? |
3hop1__5544_34179_23375 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "8. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's RepublicBefore creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Republic of the Congo",
"paragraph_text": "Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": " number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.Armenia ( ar-MEE-nee-ə), officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day.The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Soviet Union in World War II",
"paragraph_text": "Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Joseph Stalin waited until 17 September before launching his own invasion of Poland. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and the Salla region of Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertza region). It was only in 1989 that the Soviet Union admitted the existence of the secret protocol of the Nazi - Soviet pact regarding the planned divisions of these territories. The invasion of Bukovina violated the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere agreed with the Axis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Cold War",
"paragraph_text": "By the 1970s, both sides had become interested in making accommodations in order to create a more stable and predictable international system, inaugurating a period of détente that saw Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the US opening relations with the People's Republic of China as a strategic counterweight to the Soviet Union. Détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the beginning of the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979. The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension, with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), and the ``Able Archer ''NATO military exercises (1983). The United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika (`` reorganization'', 1987) and glasnost (``openness '', c. 1985) and ended Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland. Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully (with the exception of the Romanian Revolution) overthrew all of the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse of communist regimes in other countries such as Mongolia, Cambodia and South Yemen. The United States remained as the world's only superpower.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the international stage.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. These two rivals would later face off in the Cold War. In Asia, the defeat of Japan led to its democratization. China's civil war continued through and after the war, resulting eventually in the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence.The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from Paris, while many of his friends and family ruled countries such as Spain, Poland, several parts of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"paragraph_text": " until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.The Russian SUnder the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in either domestic or international affairs. Any moves towards real independence were suppressed by military force – in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968. Gorbachev abandoned the oppressive and expensive Brezhnev Doctrine, which mandated intervention in the Warsaw Pact states, in favor of non-intervention in the internal affairs of allies – jokingly termed the Sinatra Doctrine in a reference to the Frank Sinatra song \"My Way\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of \"containment\" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to \"roll back\". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Strike of the 100,000",
"paragraph_text": "The Strike of the 100,000 () was an 8-day strike in German-occupied Belgium which took place from 10–18 May 1941. It was led by Julien Lahaut, head of the Belgian Communist Party (\"Parti Communiste de Belgique\" or PCB), even though the Nazi—Soviet Pact was still in force. The object of the strike was to demand a wage increase though it was also an act of passive resistance to the German occupation.The Strike of the 100,000 () was an 8-day strike in German-occupied Belgium which took place from 10–18 May 1941. It was led by Julien Lahaut, head of the Belgian Communist Party (\"Parti Communiste de Belgique\" or PCB), even though the Nazi—Soviet Pact was still in force. The object of the strike was to demand a wage increase though it was also an act of passive resistance to the German occupation.The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Communist Party of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1920 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur. But as per the version of CPI (M), the Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 17 October 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the Communist International. The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani MukThe Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1920 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur. But as per the version of CPI (M), the Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 17 October 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the Communist International. The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof (Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmed of Bhopal and M.P.B.T. Aacharya, and Sultan Ahmed Khan Tarin of North - West Frontier Province. The CPI says that there were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world and the Tashkent group was only one of. contacts with Anushilan and Jugantar groups in Bengal. Small communist groups were formed in Bengal (led by Muzaffar Ahmed), Bombay (led by S.A. Dange), Madras (led by Singaravelu Chettiar), United Provinces (led by Shaukat Usmani) and Punjab and Sindh (led by Ghulam Hussain). However, only Usmani became a CPI party member.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Munich Agreement",
"paragraph_text": "Joseph Stalin was also upset by the results of the Munich conference. The Soviets, who had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia, felt betrayed by France, who also had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia. The British and French, however, mostly used the Soviets as a threat to dangle over the Germans. Stalin concluded that the West had actively colluded with Hitler to hand over a Central European country to the Nazis, causing concern that they might do the same to the Soviet Union in the future, allowing the partition of the USSR between the western powers and the fascist Axis. This belief led the Soviet Union to reorient its foreign policy towards a rapprochement with Germany, which eventually led to the signing of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact in 1939.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what year was the edition of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, established by the successor of the founder of the Soviet state, published? | [
{
"id": 5544,
"question": "Who led the group which created the Soviet state?",
"answer": "Vladimir Lenin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 34179,
"question": "Who succeeded #1 ?",
"answer": "Joseph Stalin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 23375,
"question": "What year was #2 ’s version of the pact published?",
"answer": "1948",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 1948 | [] | true | What year saw the publication of the version of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact established by the man who succeeded the leader of the group which created the Soviet state? |
2hop__40970_90367 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ctenophora",
"paragraph_text": " of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body. The \"combs\" beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave. From each balancer in the statocyst a ciliary groove runs out under the dome and then splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows, and in some species runs all the way along the comb rows. This forms a mechanical system for transmitting the beat rhythmCtenophores used to be regarded as \"dead ends\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals. It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remain intact long enough to provide a clue. Detailed investigation of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, showed that these fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps, and that ctenophores can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around. Beroids prey mainly on other ctenophores. Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of ctenophores, and jellyfish may temporarily wipe out ctenophore populations. Since ctenophores and jellyfish often have large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists, and may have a greater effect on populations than the specialist jelly-eaters. This is underlined by an observation of herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms in the Red Sea. The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores, as are the larvae of some flatworms that parasitize fish when they reach adulthood.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "East India Company",
"paragraph_text": "\"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert.\" The shield had as a crest: \"A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT\" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts).The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Apollo",
"paragraph_text": "As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. MedicineAs the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "European pilchard",
"paragraph_text": " European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the monotypic genus Sardina. The young of the species are among the many fish that are sometimes called sardines. This common species is found in the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea at depths of 10–100 m (33–328 ft). It reachesThe European pilchard (\"SardinaThe European pilchard (\"Sardina pilchardus\") is a species of ray-finned fish in the monotypic genus Sardina. The young of the species are among the many fish that are sometimes called sardines. This common species is found in the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea at depths of . It reaches up to in length and mostly feeds on planktonic crustaceans. This schooling species is a batch spawner where each female lays 50,000–60,000 eggs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Predation",
"paragraph_text": "Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again. Kelp is frequently grazed in subtidal kelp forests, but regrows at the base of the blade continuously to cope with browsing pressure. Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring. Starfish may be grazed on, being capable of regenerating lost arms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ctenophora",
"paragraph_text": "Almost all ctenophores are predators – there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic. If food is plentiful, they can eat 10 times their own weight per day. While Beroe preys mainly on other ctenophores, other surface-water species prey on zooplankton (planktonic animals) ranging in size from the microscopic, including mollusc and fish larvae, to small adult crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and even krill. Members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts. Ctenophores have been compared to spiders in their wide range of techniques from capturing prey – some hang motionless in the water using their tentacles as \"webs\", some are ambush predators like Salticid jumping spiders, and some dangle a sticky droplet at the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders do. This variety explains the wide range of body forms in a phylum with rather few species. The two-tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies, and juveniles of Lampea attach themselves like parasites to salps that are too large for them to swallow. Members of the cydippid genus Pleurobrachia and the lobate Bolinopsis often reach high population densities at the same place and time because they specialize in different types of prey: Pleurobrachia's long tentacles mainly capture relatively strong swimmers such as adult copepods, while Bolinopsis generally feeds on smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.There are eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body. The \"combs\" beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave. From",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ctenophora",
"paragraph_text": " a ciliary groove runs out under the dome and then splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows, and in some species runs all the way along the comb rows. This forms a mechanical system for transmitting the beat rhythm from the combs toCtenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Hindu philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religions. The distinguishing factor of Dvaita philosophy, as opposed to monistic Advaita Vedanta, is that God takes on a personal role and is seen as a real eternal entity that governs and controls the universe. Like Vishishtadvaita Vedanta subschool, Dvaita philosophy also embraced Vaishnavism, with the metaphysical concept of Brahman in the Vedas identified with Vishnu and the one and only Supreme Being. However, unlike Vishishtadvaita which envisions ultimate qualified nondualism, the dualism of Dvaita was permanent.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Crossing the Red Sea",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff and the Red Sea was parted by God. The Israelites walked on the exposed dry ground and crossed the sea, followed by the Egyptian army. Moses again moved his staff once the Israelites had crossed and the sea closed again, drowning the whole Egyptian army.According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff and the Red Sea was parted by God. The Israelites walked on the exposed dry ground and crossed the sea, followed by the Egyptian army.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Yellow bittern",
"paragraph_text": " are streaked brown, and the juvenile is like the female but heavily streaked brown below, and mottled with buff above. Yellow bitterns feed on insects, fish and amphibians.TheThis is a small species at 36 to 38 cm (14 to 15 in) in length, with a short neck and longish bill. The male is uniformly dull yellow above and buff below. The head and neck are chestnut, with a black crown. The female's crown, neck and breast are streaked brown, and the juvenile is like the female but heavily streaked brown below, and mottled with buff above. Yellow bitterns feed on insects, fish and amphibians.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Feeding the multitude",
"paragraph_text": "The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the ``miracle of the five loaves and two fish '', because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude. According to Luke's Gospel, when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place near Bethsaida. The crowds followed Jesus on foot from the towns. When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said,`` This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Trophic level",
"paragraph_text": "Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called producers. Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers. Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers. Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Atlascopcosaurus",
"paragraph_text": "Atlascopcosaurus (meaning \"Atlas Copco lizard\") is a genus of herbivorous basal iguanodont dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the present Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Ctenophora",
"paragraph_text": "The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the Cydippida). Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. This combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jell-O",
"paragraph_text": "Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts (fruit-flavored gels), puddings, and no-bake cream pies. The original Jell-O gelatin dessert (genericized as jello) is the signature of the brand.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What part did God play in the scriptural sea crossing where plant-eating fishes were observed consuming gel-like plankton? | [
{
"id": 40970,
"question": "Where have herbivorous fishes been seen feeding on gelatinous zooplankton?",
"answer": "the Red Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 90367,
"question": "role of god in crossing #1",
"answer": "the Red Sea was parted by God",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | the Red Sea was parted by God | [
"The red sea",
"Red Sea"
] | true | What was the role of God in the Biblical crossing of the sea where herbivorous fishes have been seen feeding on gelatinous zooplankton? |
2hop__29339_40482 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jessica Iwanson",
"paragraph_text": "Besides the work with her own company Iwanson choreographed at numerous state theatres in Scandinavia, was artistic director at 'Riksteatern' in Sweden and director at 'Carte Blanche' the contemporary dance company of Norway (91/92). Best known internationally is her 50-minutes TV-dance-drama 'Nightbirds' (1997), influenced by paintings of Edward Hopper and broadcast in a great number of countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1788–89 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral vote Count Percentage George Washington Non Partisan Virginia 43,782 100.0% 69 John Adams Federalist Massachusetts -- -- 34 John Jay Federalist New York -- -- 9 Robert H. Harrison Federalist Maryland -- -- 6 John Rutledge Federalist South Carolina -- -- 6 John Hancock Federalist Massachusetts -- -- George Clinton Anti Federalist New York -- -- Samuel Huntington Federalist Connecticut -- -- John Milton Federalist Georgia -- -- James Armstrong Federalist Georgia -- -- Benjamin Lincoln Federalist Massachusetts -- -- Edward Telfair Anti Federalist Georgia -- -- Total 43,782 100.0% 138 Needed to win 35",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charlie Bethel",
"paragraph_text": "Charlie Bethel graduated cum laude in 1998 from the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business with a Bachelor of Business Administration in business management. He stayed with the University of Georgia, graduating with a Juris Doctor from the University of Georgia School of Law in 2001. Bethel was admitted to the State Bar of Georgia in 2001 and practiced law from 2003–2005. He is admitted to practice law in all of Georgia's state courts, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, and the Supreme Court of the United States. Bethel was an assistant solicitor for the city of Dalton from 2003–2004.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Florida–Georgia football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "Florida -- Georgia football rivalry Florida Gators Georgia Bulldogs Sport Football First meeting November 6, 1915 (per Florida) October 15, 1904 (per Georgia) Georgia 37, Florida 0 (Florida -- Georgia football rivalry Florida Gators Georgia Bulldogs Sport Football First meeting November 6, 1915 (per Florida) October 15, 1904 (per Georgia) Georgia 37, Florida 0 (per Florida) Georgia 52, Florida 0 (per Georgia) Latest meeting October 28, 2017 Georgia 42, Florida 7 Next meeting October 27, 2018 Stadiums EverBank Field Statistics Meetings total 95 (per Florida) 96 (per Georgia) All - time series Georgia leads 50 -- 43 -- 2 (per Florida) Georgia leads 51 -- 43 -- 2 (per Georgia) Largest victory Georgia, 75 -- 0 (1942) Longest win streak Florida, 7 (1990 -- 1996) Georgia, 7 (1941 -- 1948) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2017 -- present)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "John Kerry",
"paragraph_text": "In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a \"ridiculous waste of time.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hunting",
"paragraph_text": "Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alabama–Georgia football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": " conspired to fix the 1962 game, which Alabama won 35–0. After the story broke, Butts resigned as athletic director, though Butts and Bryant denied the allegations. The two sued the magazine's publisher for libel, and the case reached the United States Supreme Court as Curtis Publishing CoAlabama -- Georgia football rivalry Alabama Crimson Tide Georgia Bulldogs First meeting November 2, 1895 Georgia 30, Alabama 6 Latest meeting January 8, 2018 Alabama 26, Georgia 23 Statistics Meetings total 68 All - time series Alabama leads, 39 -- 25 -- 4 Largest victory Alabama, 36 -- 0 (1905, 1923) Longest win streak Alabama, 5 (1922 -- 26, 1949 -- 53, 1960 -- 64) Georgia, 5 (1910 -- 16) Current win streak Alabama, 4 (2008 -- present)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Territorial evolution of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, was negotiated with Napoleon during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson; the territory was acquired from France for $15 million (equivalent to $245 million in present - day terms). A small portion of this land was ceded to Britain in 1818 in exchange for the Red River Basin. More of this land was ceded to Spain in 1819 with the Florida Purchase, but was later reacquired through Texas annexation and Mexican Cession.Regarding internal borders, while territories could shift wildly in size, once established a state has commonly remained within its borders, barring small changes due to river shifts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Grand Tower Island",
"paragraph_text": "rand Tower Island is a river island in the Mississippi River in the midwestern United States, within the state of Missouri on its border with the state of IllinoisGrand Tower Island is a river island in the Mississippi River in the midwestern United States, within the state of Missouri on its border with the state of Illinois. Formed within recorded history by the movement of the river, it consists of a bulge-shaped piece of land between the river's primary channel and an oxbow lake. Land on the island is generally valuable for farming, especially when protected from flooding, while the lake has developed a reputation as a valuable sport-fishing location.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School.Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many H",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Panama Canal Zone",
"paragraph_text": "On February 26, 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitationOn February 26, 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the canal. From 1903 to 1979 the territory was controlled by the United States, which had purchased the land from the private and public owners, built the canal and financed its construction. The Canal Zone was abolished on October 1, 1979, as a term of the Torrijos -- Carter Treaties of 1977; the canal itself was under joint U.S. -- Panamanian control from 1979 until it was fully turned over to Panama on December 31, 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jared Irwin",
"paragraph_text": "Jared Irwin (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected Governor of Georgia (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the Yazoo land scandal. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the United States Supreme Court's hearing the case \"Fletcher v. Peck\" (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the land contracts, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to nullify valid contracts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Clemson–Georgia football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "Clemson -- Georgia football rivalry Clemson Tigers Georgia Bulldogs First meeting October 9, 1897 Latest meeting August 30, 2014 Next meeting TBA Statistics Meetings total 64 All - time series Georgia leads, 42 -- 18 -- 4 Largest victory Georgia, 55 -- 0 (1920) Longest win streak Georgia, 10 (1920 -- 54) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2014 -- present)Clemson -- Georgia football rivalry Clemson Tigers Georgia Bulldogs First meeting October 9, 1897 Latest meeting August 30, 2014 Next meeting TBA Statistics Meetings total 64 All - time series Georgia leads, 42 -- 18 -- 4 Largest victory Georgia, 55 -- 0 (1920) Longest win streak Georgia, 10 (1920 -- 54) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2014 -- present)Clemson -- Georgia football rivalry Clemson Tigers Georgia Bulldogs First meeting October 9, 1897 Latest meeting August 30, 2014 Next meeting TBA Statistics Meetings total 64 All - time series Georgia leads, 42 -- 18 -- 4 Largest victory Georgia, 55 -- 0 (1920) Longest win streak Georgia, 10 (1920 -- 54) Current win",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | From whom did the Huguenots purchase land in the state primary Edwards secured victory in, outside of Georgia? | [
{
"id": 29339,
"question": "Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 40482,
"question": "From whom did the Huguenots in #1 purchase land from?",
"answer": "Edmund Bellinger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Edmund Bellinger | [] | true | Who did the Huguenots in the state primary Edwards won outside of Georgia buy land from? |
3hop1__104762_24918_24991 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Muhammad's first revelation",
"paragraph_text": "Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the prophet Muhammad was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Holy Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near Makka.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": "The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kamelanc'",
"paragraph_text": "Kamel Jdayni Houari (born 13 May 1980 in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), better known as Kamelancien later shortened into Kamelanc', is a francophone rapper of Moroccan origin. He grew up in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, a town in the suburbs of Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Yu Lihua",
"paragraph_text": "Yu Lihua was born in Shanghai and went to university in Taiwan, taking history at National Taiwan University. Then she went to the United States to do a graduate degree in journalism at UCLA and then to teach Chinese literature in the Department of Comparative University at the State University of New York.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Frédéric Monod",
"paragraph_text": "Frédéric Monod (17 May 1794, in Monnaz - 30 December 1863, in Paris) was a French Protestant pastor. He was the older brother of minister Adolphe Monod. He was born citizen of the Republic of Geneva, and obtained the French citizenship in 1820.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Yasyn Khamid",
"paragraph_text": "Khamid is product of youth team systems of UFK Kharkiv. He spent 6 years played for FC Metalurh Donetsk Reserves and Youth Team and went on loan in the Ukrainian First League club FC Stal Alchevsk. He made his debut for FC Stal entering as a second-half substitute against FC Zirka Kirovohrad on 26 July 2014 in Ukrainian First League.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among \"others\" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Humanitarian civic assistance activities",
"paragraph_text": "In the United States Department of Defense, Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise, training or operation. Under the HCA program, U.S. military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and schoolIn the United States Department of Defense, Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise, training or operation. Under the HCA program, U.S. military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and school construction, vaccination of children and animals, and well-digging. HCA programs are often executed with the involvement of host-country civilian and military personnel. U.S. National Guard or reserve units are involved in many HCA activities.In the United States Department of Defense, Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise, training or operation. Under the HCA program, U.S. military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and school construction, vaccination of children and animals, and well-digging. HCA programs are often executed with the involvement of host-country civilian and military personnel. U.S. National Guard or reserve units are involved in many HCA activities.In the United States Department of Defense, Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise, training or operation. Under the HCA program, U.S. military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and school construction, vaccination of children and animals, and well-digging. HCA programs are often executed with the involvement of host",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": ". One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji.2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continentsSultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf FawakherXinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-José Pérec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the \"smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets\", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were \"radicals\" who \"trampled human rights\" and whose activities were condemned by \"the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit\".2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Yasyn Khamid",
"paragraph_text": "Yasyn Khamid (; born 10 January 1993 in Kharkiv,Yasyn Khamid (; born 10 January 1993 in Kharkiv, Ukraine) is a professional Ukrainian football striker of Egyptian descent who last played for Zira FK in the Azerbaijan Premier League.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Foxe's Book of Martyrs",
"paragraph_text": "The Actes and Monuments, popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by Protestant English historian John Foxe, first published in 1563 by John Day. It includes a polemical account of the sufferings of Protestants under the Catholic Church, with particular emphasis on England and Scotland. The book was highly influential in those countries and helped shape lasting popular notions of Catholicism there. The book went through four editions in Foxe's lifetimeThe Actes and Monuments, popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by Protestant English historian John Foxe, first published in 1563 by John Day. It includes a polemical account of the sufferings of Protestants under the Catholic Church, with particular emphasis on England and Scotland. The book was highly influential in those countries and helped shape lasting popular notions of Catholicism there. The book went through four editions in Foxe's lifetime and a number of later editions and abridgements, including some that specifically reduced the text to a \"Book of Martyrs\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What transpired following the departure of the Soviet president from the Kremlin after his visit to the home country of Yasyn Khamid during the time of protests? | [
{
"id": 104762,
"question": "Which country's citizen was Yasyn Khamid?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 24918,
"question": "Who visited the #1 while the protests were taking place?",
"answer": "Gorbachev",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 24991,
"question": "What went down after #2 departed from the Kremlin?",
"answer": "Soviet flag",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Soviet flag | [
"USSR",
"Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Soviet Union"
] | true | What went down after the Soviet president visiting the country of citizenship of Yasyn Khamid while the protests were taking place departed from the Kremlin? |
2hop__81268_85407 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kempele",
"paragraph_text": "Kempele is a municipality just south of the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. Historically it was in the province of Oulu, but today it is in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia. The population of Kempele is () and the municipality covers an area of (excluding sea), of which is inland waters (). The population density is (). The municipality of Kempele was founded in 1867.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nekoosa, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": "Nekoosa is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Its name derives from the Ho-Chunk word, \"Nįįkuusra\", \"Nakrusa\", or \"Nįkusara\" which translates to \"running water.\" The population was 2,580 at the 2010 census.Nekoosa is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Its name derives from the Ho-Chunk word, \"N����kuusra\", \"Nakrusa\", or \"N��kusara\" which translates to \"running water.\" The population was 2,580 at the 2010 census.Nekoosa is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Its name derives from the Ho-Chunk word, \"N����kuusra\", \"Nakrusa\", or \"N��kusara\" which translates to \"running water.\" The population was 2,580 at the 2010 census.Nekoosa is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Its name derives from the Ho-Chunk word, \"N����kuusra\", \"Nakrusa\", or",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Squinzano",
"paragraph_text": "Squinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is the twelfth-most populous city in the province of Lecce.Squinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is the twelfth-most populous city in the province of Lecce.Squinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is the twelfth-most populous city in the province of Lecce.Squinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia regionSquinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is the twelfth-most populous city in the province of Lecce.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Venice",
"paragraph_text": "Venice Italian: Venezia Comune Comune di Venezia A collage of Venice: at the top left is the Piazza San Marco, followed by a view of the city, then the Grand Canal, and (smaller) the interior of La Fenice and, finally, the Island of San Giorgio Maggiore. Flag Venice Location of Venice in Veneto Venice Venice (Italy) Venice Venice (Europe) Show map of Veneto Show map of Italy Show map of Europe Show all Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 15 ''N 12 ° 20 ′ 9'' E / 45.43750 ° N 12.33583 ° E / 45.43750; 12.33583 Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 15 ''N 12 ° 20 ′ 9'' E / 45.43750 ° N 12.33583 ° E / 45.43750; 12.33583 Country Italy Region Veneto Metropolitan city Venice (VE) Frazioni Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, Mestre, Marghera, Murano, Burano, Giudecca, Lido, Zelarino Government Mayor Luigi Brugnaro (independent) Area Total 414.57 km (160.07 sq mi) Elevation 1 m (3 ft) Population (2018) Total 260,897 Density 630 / km (1,600 / sq mi) Demonym (s) (it) Veneziano, pl. Veneziani (en) Venetian, pl. Venetians Time zone UTC + 1 (CET) Summer (DST) UTC + 2 (CEST) Postal code 30100 Dialing code 041 ISTAT code 027042 Patron saint St. Mark the Evangelist Saint day 25 April Website Official website'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the French–Italian border. Nice's airport serves as a gateway to the region.\nThe city is nicknamed Nice la Belle (Nissa La Bella in Niçard), meaning 'Nice the Beautiful', which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written byVenice (/ ��v��n��s /, VEN - iss; Italian:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Southampton",
"paragraph_text": "ampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station,Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to \"So'ton\" or \"Soton\", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Venice",
"paragraph_text": "Venice (/ ˈvɛnɪs /, VEN - iss; Italian: Venezia (veˈnɛttsja) (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia (veˈnɛsja)) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alexander City, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Alexander City, known to locals as \"Alex City\", is a city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States, with a population of some 14,875. It is known for Lake Martin with its of wooded shoreline and of water. Lake Martin stands on the Tallapoosa River and offers boating, swimming, fishing, golfing, and camping. Many neighborhoods and luxury homes are located on the lake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Abuja",
"paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State.Abuja (/ ə��bu��d��ə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Lake Ontario",
"paragraph_text": ". of 1812, the town, the two former villages of St. David's and Queenston, and Fort George were the sites of numerous battles following the American invasion of Upper Canada, andLake Ontario (French: Lac Ontario) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east byLake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan. of 1812, the town, the two former villages of St. David's and Queenston, and Fort George were the sites of numerous battles following the American invasion of Upper Canada, andLake Ontario (French: Lac Ontario) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": " billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in LatinThe city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only an inconvenience but also a health hazard, since during flood periods human waste polluted the city's streets. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. However, draining the wetlands also changed the habitat for fish and birds and the areas accessible for Indian cultivation close to the capital.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sanpolino (Brescia Metro)",
"paragraph_text": "Sanpolino is a station of the Brescia Metro, in the city of Brescia in northern Italy. The station is located in the centre of Sanpolino, a densely populated modern and innovative suburb of Brescia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Crescent City, California",
"paragraph_text": "Crescent City (Chetco-Tolowa: \"Taa-’at-dvn\", Yurok: \"Kohpey\", Wiyot: \"Daluwagh\" ) is the county seat of, and only incorporated city in, Del Norte County, California. Named for the crescent-shaped stretch of sandy beach south of the city, Crescent City had a total population of 7,643 in the 2010 census, up from 4,006 in the 2000 census. The population includes inmates at Pelican Bay State Prison, also within the city limits, and the former census-designated place Crescent City North annexed to the city. The city is also the site of the Redwood National Park headquarters, as well as the historic Battery Point Light. Due to the richness of the local Pacific Ocean waters and the related catch, and ease of access, Crescent City Harbor serves as home port for numerous commercial fishing vessels.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Humaya River",
"paragraph_text": "The Humaya River is a river in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, that connects to the Tamazula River in the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River. The source of the river is the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. The water flows from the north of the city. The water then flows to the Pacific Ocean.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "North Bend, Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "North Bend is a city in Coos County, Oregon, United States with a population of 9,695 as of the 2010 census. North Bend is surrounded on three sides by Coos Bay, an S-shaped water inlet and estuary where the Coos River enters Coos Bay and borders the city of Coos Bay to the south. North Bend became an incorporated city in 1903.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the populace count in 2018 for the subaquatic city in Italy? | [
{
"id": 81268,
"question": "what is the city in italy that is under water",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 85407,
"question": "what was the population of the city of #1",
"answer": "260,897",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 260,897 | [] | true | What was the 2018 population of the Italian city that's underwater? |
3hop1__19768_19788_19761 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pruno (Cilento)",
"paragraph_text": "Pruno is a forest in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is the largest woodlands of central Cilento region. The hamlets (\"frazioni\") with this name are situated in the municipalities of Laurino, Valle dell'Angelo and Piaggine, and are considered a singular village.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jefferson Memorial Forest",
"paragraph_text": "The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. is one of the largest municipal urban forests in the United States.\nThe forest was established as a tribute to area war dead but ultimately this was extended to all U.S. veterans. It isThe Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States. is one of the largest municipal",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Eswatini",
"paragraph_text": ". Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutionalA small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Amazon rainforest",
"paragraph_text": "Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon rainforest. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world.Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon rainforest. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world.Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": " in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of thisIslam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "New Caledonia rain forests",
"paragraph_text": "The New Caledonia rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion, located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific. It is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion, part of the Australasia ecozone. \n\n\n== Setting ==\n\nThe ecoregion covers the windward eastern side of Grand Terre, New Caledonia",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Franciscan Apostolic Sisters",
"paragraph_text": "eto, O.F.M.. Father Gerardo was a missionary in the remote Northeastern region of the nation. He founded thisThe Franciscan Apostolic Sisters (F.A.S.) is a Roman Catholic religious congregation that was founded in the Philippines in 1953 by Father Gerardo Z. Filippeto, O.F.M.. Father Gerardo was a missionary in the remote Northeastern region of the nation. He founded this congregation of Franciscan tertiary sisters to help in the work of the missions and spreading the Gospel in that region.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Skypoint",
"paragraph_text": "Skypoint is a tent-like structure over the intersection of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in downtown Billings, Montana, USA. Its highest point is 73 feet above ground level. There are three \"sails\" that make up the structure. The largest sail can move to let the sun through or to cover the intersection if it rains. Skypoint is part of the plan to revitalize downtown Billings and attract more people to downtown.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Greeks",
"paragraph_text": "In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Baptists",
"paragraph_text": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled ``Baptist ''back to 1609 in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have freedom of religion. Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening contributed to Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century greatly increased church membership. Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kathmandu",
"paragraph_text": "Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.Kathmandu(/��k����tm����n��du��/; Nepali pronunciation: [k������m������u]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Canadian Indian residential school system",
"paragraph_text": " by John West, an Anglican missionary, at the Red River Colony in what is today Manitoba. Protestant missionaries also opened residential schools in the current Ontario region, spreading Christianity and working to encourage Indigenous peoples to adopt subsistence agriculture as a way to ensure they would not return to their original, nomadic ways of life upon graduation.TheAfter a failure to assimilate Indigenous children by early missionaries in the 17th century, educational programs were not widely attempted again by religious officials until the 1820s, prior to the introduction of state - sanctioned operations. Included among them was a school established by John West, an Anglican missionary, at the Red River Colony in what is today Manitoba. Protestant missionaries also opened residential schools in the current Ontario region, spreading Christianity and working to encourage Indigenous peoples to adopt subsistence agriculture as a way to ensure they would not return to their original, nomadic ways of life upon graduation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Rajasthan",
"paragraph_text": "The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 48 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was the missionary responsible for the extensive propagation of the widely followed religion in the area that has the world's second largest rainforest? | [
{
"id": 19768,
"question": "Which region has the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world?",
"answer": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 19788,
"question": "Which religion is widely practiced in #1 ?",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 19761,
"question": "Which missionary helped to spread #2 ?",
"answer": "The Sufi missionaries",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | The Sufi missionaries | [
"Sufi"
] | true | Which missionary helped spread the religion widely practiced in region having the second largest rain-forest in the world? |
3hop2__57233_106716_56883 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Climb (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``The Climb ''Single by Miley Cyrus from the album Hannah Montana: The Movie and The Time of Our Lives (International Edition) Released February 21, 2009 Recorded 2008 Genre Country pop Length 3: 56 Label Hollywood Songwriter (s) Jessi Alexander Jon Mabe Producer (s) John Shanks Miley Cyrus singles chronology`` 7 Things'' (2008) ``The Climb ''(2009)`` Fly on the Wall'' (2009) ``7 Things ''(2008)''`` The Climb ''(2009) ``Fly on the Wall'' (2009) Music video`` The Climb ''on YouTube",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Things They Carried",
"paragraph_text": "The Things They Carried (1990) is a collection of linked short stories by American novelist Tim O'Brien, about a platoon of American soldiers fighting on the ground in the Vietnam War. His third book about the war, it is based upon his experiences as a soldier in the 23rd Infantry Division.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning",
"paragraph_text": "``Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning ''is a song written by Gary P. Nunn and Donna Farar, and recorded by American country music artist Willie Nelson. It was released in October 1982 as the third single from his album Always on My Mind. The song reached number two on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and number one on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.leton featured a cover of the song on his studio album From A Room: Volume 1 (2017).\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nChris Stapleton - Last Thing I Needed, First Thing This Morning",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Prime Time (Don McLean album)",
"paragraph_text": "Prime Time is an album by American singer-songwriter Don McLean, released in December 1977. Drake sampled The Wrong Thing to Do in his song Doing It Wrong from 2011's Take Care.Prime Time is an album by American singer-songwriter DonPrime Time is an album by American singer-songwriter Don McLean, released in December 1977. Drake sampled The Wrong Thing to Do in his song Doing It Wrong from 2011's Take Care.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Carrie Rodriguez Live in Louisville",
"paragraph_text": "Carrie Rodriguez Live in Louisville is the third album released by Carrie Rodriguez. \"Live in Louisville\" was recorded at the Brown Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Conscription in Australia",
"paragraph_text": "In 1964 compulsory National Service for 20 - year - old males was introduced under the National Service Act (1964). The selection of conscripts was made by a sortition or lottery draw based on date of birth, and conscripts were obligated to give two years' continuous full - time service, followed by a further three years on the active reserve list. The full - time service requirement was reduced to eighteen months in October 1971.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "'Bout Changes 'n' Things Take 2",
"paragraph_text": "'Bout Changes 'n' Things Take 2 is a 1967 album by Eric Andersen and was released on the Vanguard Records label. It is nearly the same album as his previous release, with changes in the song sequencing and the addition of additional instruments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "That's the Thing About Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"That's the Thing About Love\" is a song written by Richard Leigh and Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in March 1984 as the first single from the album \"Cafe Carolina\". \"That's the Thing About Love\" was Don Williams sixteenth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Happiness Is You",
"paragraph_text": "Happiness Is You is the 24th album by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1966 (see 1966 in music). It contains, among others, \"Guess Things Happen That Way\", a re-recording of one of Cash's earliest Sun songs. The record reached No. 10 on the Country charts. The LP was originally to be titled \"That's What You Get For Lovin' Me\", taking its title from the Gordon Lightfoot tune included in the album, and promo copies and some early commercial pressings show this title on the label.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Familiar Stranger (Mark Wills album)",
"paragraph_text": "Familiar Stranger is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Mark Wills. Originally recorded for Equity Music Group, it was released on November 4, 2008 by Tenacity Records. While signed to Equity, Wills released three singles: \"Hank\", \"Take It All Out on Me\" and \"Days of Thunder\", all of which reached the lower regions of the \"Billboard\" country charts. (\"Hank\" was never included on an album.) After \"Days of Thunder\", Wills exited the label. He then signed to Tenacity, who released \"The Things We Forget\" as its third single, then released the album itself in late 2008. \"Entertaining Angels\" was then issued as the fourth single in early 2009. The fifth single, \"Crazy White Boy,\" was released in late 2009. The latter three failed to enter the country charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Walt Lloyd",
"paragraph_text": "Walter \"Walt\" Lloyd is a fictional character portrayed by Malcolm David Kelley in the American ABC television series \"Lost\". The series follows the lives of over forty survivors of the crash of Oceanic Flight 815. Walt is introduced in the pilot episode as one of the survivors aboard the plane, which crashes onto the island where most of the programme takes place. He is the 10-year-old son of Michael Dawson (played by Harold Perrineau).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Don't Take Your Guns to Town",
"paragraph_text": "\"Don't Take Your Guns to Town\" is a 1958 single by Johnny Cash. The single was his fifth release to reach the number one position on the country chart, where it stayed for six weeks. \"Don't Take Your Guns to Town\" was also a crossover hit peaking at number thirty-two on the pop chart. The song is also included in the live album \"\". The song was covered by U2 as the B-side of their 2001 single \"Elevation\". arrives in a cattle town and visits a local saloon. He samples some strong liquor to try to prove to himself that he has become the man he always wanted to be.\nA bully cowboy is seated at the bar next to Billy Joe, and begins to laugh and make fun of him. Angered by the cowboy's taunting, Billy Joe reaches for one of his guns to draw on the bully. However, with his marksmanship experience, the bully cowboy shoots Billy Joe before he could even take aim. All the other patrons gather around Billy Joe as he collapses to his death from the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Schweppes Cola",
"paragraph_text": "chweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available worldwide. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets and small takeSchweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available around the world. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets & smallSchweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available around the world. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets & small take-away food outlets. In Australia, the product was discontinued when Schweppes obtained a license to produce Pepsi products in Australia. Schweppes Cola is currently owned and distributed by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Today, the product can be found in Canada and other countries.Schweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was, at first, available mainly in Australia, but it was eventually made available around the world. The taste is similar to the now-defunct Count Cola. The product was widely available in supermarkets & small take-away food outlets. In Australia, the product was discontinued when Schweppes obtained a license to produce Pepsi products in Australia. Schweppes Cola is currently owned and distributed by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Today, the product can be found in Canada and other countries.Schweppes Cola is a brand of cola produced by Schweppes. It was",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Some Things Are Meant to Be (song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Some Things Are Meant to Be\" is a song written Michael Garvin and Gordon Payne, and recorded by American country music artist Linda Davis. It was released in December 1995 as the first single and title track from the album \"Some Things Are Meant to Be\". The song reached number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.\"Some Things Are Meant to Be\" is a song written Michael Garvin and Gordon Payne, and recorded by American country music artist Linda Davis. It was released in December 1995 as the first single and title track from the album \"Some Things Are Meant to Be\". The song reached number\"Some Things Are Meant to Be\" is a song written Michael Garvin and Gordon Payne, and recorded by American country music artist Linda Davis. It was released in December 1995 as the first single and title track from the album \"Some Things Are Meant to Be\". The song reached number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Pepsi Live",
"paragraph_text": "The Pepsi Chart (later known as Pepsi Live) was a music show on Network Ten that consisted of live performances both from Sydney, Australia and London, United Kingdom. Each show would end up with a look at the top 10 singles in Australia.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year was draft enlistment implemented in the nation that hosted Pepsi Live, amidst the conflict depicted in The Things They Carried? | [
{
"id": 57233,
"question": "when does the things they carried take place",
"answer": "the Vietnam War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 106716,
"question": "What country released Pepsi Live?",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 56883,
"question": "when was conscription introduced in #2 during #1",
"answer": "1964",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 1964 | [] | true | When was conscription introduced in the country where Pepsi Live was hosted, during the war where The Things They Carried is set? |
2hop__15258_54866 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": "During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tom Evans (rugby player)",
"paragraph_text": "omas Henry Evans (31 December 1882 - 19 March 1955) was a Welsh international rugbyThomas Henry Evans (31 December 1882 - 19 March 1955) was a Welsh international rugby union flanker who played club rugby for Llanelli. Evans played in eighteen international games for Wales, and in 1908 was part of the Welsh team that faced touring Australian team. Evans played in four Home Nations Championships, from 1906 to 1909, and the first two Five Nations Championships, in 1910 and 1911; playing in three Triple Crown winning seasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Normans",
"paragraph_text": "Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Toyota Princess Cup",
"paragraph_text": "The Toyota Princess Cup was a WTA Tour affiliated professional women's tennis tournament held annually from 1997-2002. It was played in Tokyo, Japan and was categorized as a Tier II event.itors played their matches on outdoor hardcourts. Monica Seles and Serena Williams each won the event twice, with Seles collecting a further two titles in the doublesThe Toyota Princess Cup was a WTA Tour affiliated professional women's tennis tournament held annually from 1997-2002. It was played in Tokyo, Japan and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales",
"paragraph_text": ", Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (1252 – 19 June 1282) was an English noble. She was the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England. She was also the second woman who can be shown to have used the title Princess of Wales.EleanorEleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (1252 – 19 June 1282) was an English noble. She was the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England. She was also the second woman who can be shown to have used the title Princess of Wales.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Prince of Wales",
"paragraph_text": "The current and longest - serving Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53 - member Commonwealth of Nations. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales. Prince Charles's first wife, Diana, used that title but his second wife, Camilla, uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall (or of Rothesay when in Scotland) because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Dancing Brave",
"paragraph_text": "Dancing Brave was a bay colt with a white snip and three white feet, standing sixteen hands high, bred by the Glen Oak Farm in Kentucky. He was not a particularly attractive individual as a young horse, being described as parrot-mouthed with imperfect forelegs. Dancing Brave was sired by Lyphard out of Navajo Princess, a mare who won sixteen races including the Molly Pitcher Handicap. Navajo Princess was a descendant of the mare Stolen Kiss, who was the ancestor of notable racehorses including the Epsom Derby winner Henbit and the Kentucky Derby winner Lucky Debonair.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Adriana Caselotti as Snow White: Snow White is a young princess. Her wicked stepmother has forced her to work as a scullery maid in the castle. Despite this, she retains a cheerful but naïve demeanor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": "Name Birth Marriage Their children Their grandchildren Date Spouse Charles, Prince of Wales 14 November 1948 29 July 1981 Divorced 28 August 1996 Lady Diana Spencer Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Prince Henry of Wales None 9 April 2005 Camilla Parker Bowles None Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950 14 November 1973 Divorced 28 April 1992 Mark Phillips Peter Phillips Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips Zara Tindall Mia Tindall 12 December 1992 Timothy Laurence None Prince Andrew, Duke of York 19 February 1960 23 July 1986 Divorced 30 May 1996 Sarah Ferguson Princess Beatrice of York None Princess Eugenie of York None Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 10 March 1964 19 June 1999 Sophie Rhys - Jones Lady Louise Windsor None James, Viscount Severn None",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The White Princess (miniseries)",
"paragraph_text": "Jodie Comer as Elizabeth ``Lizzie ''of York, the Queen of England Rebecca Benson as Margaret`` Maggie'' Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy Jacob Collins - Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess. Amy Manson as Catherine ``Cathy ''Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Slave of Kiss",
"paragraph_text": "Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. \"Kiss\" is a cover of a Princess Princess song of the same name. A month later, the song was placed on the Princess Princess tribute album, \"14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~\" as track #2. The EP includes an English version of Kitade's fifth single, \"Kiss or Kiss\". The A-side of this EP track #4 \"sweet frozen kiss\" is featured on her second album \"I scream\" . The EP reached #79 on the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for a total of one week. At this point of her career, Kitade drastically changed her clothing to Gothic Lolita for the \"Kiss\" video.Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. \"Kiss\" is a cover of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "National parks of the United Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": "There are currently thirteen national parks (Welsh: parciau cenedlaethol) in England andThere are currently thirteen national parks (Welsh: parciau cenedlaethol) in England and Wales. Each park is operated by its own national park authority, with two ``statutory purposes '':",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Cwrtmawr manuscripts",
"paragraph_text": "The Cwrtmawr Manuscripts are a collection of 1,549 volumes of medieval Welsh documents, mainly texts of Welsh literature, collected by John Humphreys Davies, who lived at Cwrtmawr near Llangeitho in Ceredigion and was principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth from 1919-1926. The manuscripts are now kept in the National Library of Wales.== History ==\nJohn Humphreys Davies was a bibliographer whose interest in Welsh literature and culture manifested in the collection of manuscripts that he acquired from many different sources over a period of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bridget of York",
"paragraph_text": "ridget of York (10 November 1480 – before December 1507) was the seventh daughter of King Edward IV and his queen consort Elizabeth Woodville.\nShortly after theBridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.Bridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.Bridget of York (10 November 1480",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which female actor portrays the princess whom England suggested should form an association with Wales in order to suppress an uprising? | [
{
"id": 15258,
"question": "Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?",
"answer": "Elizabeth",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 54866,
"question": "who plays princess #1 in the white princess",
"answer": "Jodie Comer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Jodie Comer | [] | true | What actress plays the princess who England proposed to affiliate with Wales to quell a rebellion? |
3hop2__14253_76873_64554 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as \"the Greatest Generation.\" Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "Passive air defence is defined by NATO as \"Passive measures taken for the physical defence and protection of personnel, essential installations and equipment in order to minimize the effectiveness of air and/or missile attack\". It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by reconnaissance and attacking aircraft. Measures such as camouflaging important buildings were common in the Second World War. During the Cold War the runways and taxiways of some airfields were painted green.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Love and War in the Apennines",
"paragraph_text": "Love and War in the Apennines is a 1971 Second World War memoir (with some changes of names and people and places, and some composite characters) by Eric Newby. It was dramatised as the 2001 film \"In Love and War\" starring Callum Blue and Barbora Bobuľová.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Williams Field",
"paragraph_text": "Williams Field or Willy Field is a United States Antarctic Program airfield in Antarctica. Williams Field consists of two snow runways located on approximately 8 meters (25 ft) of compacted snow, lying on top of 8–10 ft of ice, floating over 550 meters (1,800 ft) of water. The airport, which is approximately seven miles from Ross Island, serves McMurdo Station and New Zealand’s Scott Base. Until the 2009-10 summer season, Williams was the major airfield for on-continent aircraft operations in Antarctica.Williams Field or Willy Field is a United States Antarctic Program airfield in Antarctica. Williams Field consists of two snow runways located on approximately ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Uzbekistan",
"paragraph_text": "11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., Uzbekistan approved the U.S. Central Command's request for access to an air baseFollowing 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., Uzbekistan approved the U.S. Central Command's request for access to an air base, the Karshi-Khanabad airfield, in southern Uzbekistan. However, Uzbekistan demanded that the U.S. withdraw from the airbases after the Andijan massacre and the U.S. reaction to this massacre. The last US troops left Uzbekistan in November 2005.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tsili Tsili Airfield",
"paragraph_text": "Tsili Tsili (Tsile-Tsile) Airfield is a former World War II airfield in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. The airfield was abandoned after the war and today has almost totally returned to its natural state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Memoirs of a Geisha",
"paragraph_text": "Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997. The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The islanders assisted the American forces to build airfields on Funafuti, Nanumea and Nukufetau and to unload supplies from ships. On Funafuti the islanders shifted to the smaller islets so as to allow the American forces to build the airfield and to build naval bases and port facilities on Fongafale. A Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) built a sea plane ramp on the lagoon side of Fongafale islet for seaplane operations by both short and long range seaplanes and a compacted coral runway was also constructed on Fongafale, with runways also constructed to create Nanumea Airfield and Nukufetau Airfield. USN Patrol Torpedo Boats (PTs) were based at Funafuti from 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944.A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Portimão Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Portimão Airport is a small airport in \"Montes de Alvor\", near the city of Portimão in Algarve, Portugal. The airport has one single short asphalt runway in the 11/29 direction and is mainly used by general aviation, with parachuting being common from the airfield.Portimão Airport is a small airport in \"Montes de Alvor\", near the city of Portimão in Algarve, Portugal. The airport has one single short asphalt runwayPortimão Airport is a small airport in \"Montes de Alvor\", near the city of Portimão in Algarve, Portugal. The airport has one single short asphalt runway in the 11/29 direction and is mainly used by general aviation, with parachuting being common from the airfield.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Red",
"paragraph_text": "The 19th century also saw the use of red in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. It saw the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh. Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: \"I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Root Cellar",
"paragraph_text": "The Root Cellar is a children's historical novel by Janet Lunn that is set in the 1980s, although much of the action takes place in the 1860s. It follows Rose Larkin, an orphan, who travels temporally back and forth between Ontario, Canada, of the 1980s and various settings of U.S. Civil War in the 1860s. This time travel is done through the root cellar of the title.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Withlacoochee Army Airfield",
"paragraph_text": "Withlacoochee Army Airfield and Withlacoochee Bombing & Gunnery Range, was a World War II United States Army Air Forces airfield, located east of Lacoochee, Florida. The airfield closed in 1945 and is now abandoned.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Airport",
"paragraph_text": "At all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And due to the so-called SLOT-times, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. If for instance an aircraft approaches runway 17 (which has a heading of approx. 170 degrees) from the north (coming from 360/0 degrees heading towards 180 degrees), the aircraft will land as fast as possible by just turning 10 degrees and follow the glidepath, without orbit the runway for visual reasons, whenever this is possible. For smaller piston engined airplanes at smaller airfields without ILS equipment, things are very differently though.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Soviet Union–United States relations",
"paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place",
"paragraph_text": "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In the backdrop of the strife depicted in Memoirs of a Geisha, where certain airstrips were camouflaged green, which country had a dispute with America? | [
{
"id": 14253,
"question": "Some airfield runways were painted green during what war?",
"answer": "the Cold War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 76873,
"question": "when does memoirs of a geisha take place",
"answer": "before and after World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 64554,
"question": "following #2 #1 developed between the u.s. and",
"answer": "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | [
"the Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"
] | true | Following the conflict that's the setting for Memoirs of a Geisha, the struggle in which some airfield runways were painted green, developed between the U.S. and what nation? |
4hop1__58323_375563_161848_44231 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "1952 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1923 International Cross Country Championships",
"paragraph_text": "The 1923 International Cross Country Championships was held in Maisons-Laffitte, France, at the Hippodrome de Maisons-Laffitte on March 25, 1923. Athletes from Belgium were participating for the first time. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "North Korea at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse",
"paragraph_text": "The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in December 1918. The tale is based on the Aesop fable, \"The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse\", with details taken from Horace's \"Satires\" 2.6.79-117. It tells of a country mouse and a city mouse who visit each other in their respective homes. After sampling the other's way of life, both express a decided preference for their own. The book was critically well received. The Johnny Town-mouse character appeared in a 1971 ballet film, and the tale has been adapted to a BBC television animated series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ticks (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Eiluned Lewis",
"paragraph_text": "lewelyn Davies (one of the five boys who were J. M. Barrie's inspiration for Peter Pan) it was suggested that Lewis hadBorn in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, LondonBorn in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Military history of New Zealand during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "There was also a strong sentimental link between the former British colony and the United Kingdom, with many seeing Britain as the ``mother country ''or`` Home''. The New Zealand Prime Minister of the time Michael Joseph Savage summed this up at the outbreak of war with a broadcast on 5 September (largely written by the Solicitor - General Henry Cornish) that became a popular cry in New Zealand during the war:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Book Thief (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Where Dead Voices Gather",
"paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography ofWhere Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kamilla and the Thief",
"paragraph_text": "Kamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Albania at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger isThe Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Black Mask",
"paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the secondThe Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.The Black Mask (published in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2012 African Cross Country Championships",
"paragraph_text": "The 2nd African Cross Country Championships was an international cross country running competition for African athletes which was held on 18 March 2012 in Cape Town's Keurboom Park in South Africa. Organised by the Confederation of African Athletics and Athletics South Africa, it was the first time that the competition represented that year'sThe 2nd African Cross Country Championships was an international cross country running competition for African athletes which was held on 18 March 2012 in Cape Town's Keurboom Park in South Africa. Organised by the Confederation of African Athletics and Athletics South Africa, it was the first time that the competition represented that year's foremost event in the sport, as the IAAF World Cross Country Championships was not held. Twenty-one nations entered athletes into the event and 160 runners participated in the races.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was the head of state of the neighboring country to the homeland of the author of The Book Thief during the Second World War? | [
{
"id": 58323,
"question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film",
"answer": "Markus Zusak",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 375563,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 161848,
"question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 44231,
"question": "who was the leader of #3 during ww2",
"answer": "Michael Joseph Savage",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Michael Joseph Savage | [] | true | During WW2, who was the leader of the country near the country of citizenship of the writer of The Book Thief? |
4hop3__373573_132409_223216_35031 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": " Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teamsSouthern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "KMJQ",
"paragraph_text": "KMJQ, (Majic 102.1), is an Urban Adult Contemporary-formatted radio station located in Houston, Texas. Owned by Radio One, it is one of the most well-programmed heritage urban contemporary stations in the U.S. and has a strong listenership repertoire among listeners in Houston. Co-owned with KBXX and KROI, its studios are located in the Greenway Plaza district, and its 100 kW transmitter is based outside Missouri City, Texas. It is one of the high-ranking stations in Greater Houston, commanding a Top 5 position according to Arbitron, with KMJQ sometimes reaching number-one on many reports.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kathmandu",
"paragraph_text": "Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality. To the north the urban area extends into several Village Development Committees. However, the urban agglomeration extends well beyond the neighboring municipalities, e. g. to Bhaktapur and just about covers the entire Kathmandu valley.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ranipet",
"paragraph_text": "Ranipet also known as Ranipettai (lit. Queen's colony) is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 20 kilometers from the Vellore city center (from Vellore Fort) and also Ranipet is a part of vellore metropolitan area and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "University of Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chinatown, Sydney",
"paragraph_text": "Chinatown (Chinese: 雪梨華埠 or 悉尼唐人街) is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Haymarket, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney and is Australia's largest Chinatown. Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney, and is Australia's largest Chinatown.\nSydney, and the colony of New South Wales, experienced Chinese migration as early as 1828. The first group of Chinese labourers from Amoy (modern day Xiamen) embarked for New South Wales in 1848. With the discovery of gold in 1851 Chinese immigration increased, and by 1855 the number of Chinese immigrants reached around 17,000. The Chinese population had traditionally been represented by those who came from Southern China (i.e. provinces such as Guangdong and Fujian), due to the majority of colonial ports",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ",800).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Still Swingin'",
"paragraph_text": "Still Swingin' is a song by the American rock band Papa Roach released as the first single from their album \"The Connection\" on June 24, 2012. The single was well received by the fans for the return of the rap-style vocals of the band's early work. The track was produced by Tylias, an indie dubstep and hip-hop producer from the underground of the music scene. The embrace of this aggregate had polarized opinions, some calling it new and fresh to the songs and another calling it an aberration of their style and even the band, but mostly it was well received. A music video was released on August 30 as lead singer Jacoby Shaddix recovered from a vocal surgery.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pathology (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In terms of size, where does the city in which the band Pathology was formed rank among the urban areas within the same state as the one where the group that created the song 'Still Swingin' was formed? | [
{
"id": 373573,
"question": "Still Swingin' >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 223216,
"question": "Pathology >> location of formation",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | The band Pathology formed in a city whose urban area ranks where by size among the urban areas of the state where the Still Swingin' song's band formed? |
2hop__153009_44880 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bangladesh",
"paragraph_text": "Dhaka is Bangladesh's capital and largest city. There are 12 city corporations which hold mayoral elections: Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Comilla, Khulna, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Gazipur and Narayanganj. Mayors are elected for five-year terms. Altogether there are 506 urban centres in Bangladesh among which 43 cities have a population of more than 100000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Edgar Olvera Higuera",
"paragraph_text": "Edgar Armando Olvera Higuera (born 20 April 1969) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico. In 2016, he was elected mayor of Naucalpan, a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City, for a three-year period (2016-2018). On March 2018, he was awarded permanent license from his position as mayor by local Congress in order to participate in the 2018 Election as candidate for the 29th Local District Deputy.Edgar Armando Olvera Higuera (born 20 April 1969) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico. In 2016",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2017 Atlanta mayoral election",
"paragraph_text": " 2017 Atlanta mayoral election occurred on November 7, 2017, with a runoff election held on December 5, 2017. Incumbent mayor Kasim Reed, a member of the Democratic Party who had been in office since 2010, wasThe election was first certified on December 11, 2017, and showed Bottoms remain in the lead with 46,667, or 50.45 percent, and Norwood had 45,835, or 49.55 percent thus increasing her lead to 832 while still remaining below the 1 percent threshold needed to avoid a recount. The recount, which occurred on December 14, 2017, showed that Norwood picked up five votes and Bottoms lost six in Fulton County, while DeKalb County remained the same. The election was re-certified on December 17, 2017 after Fulton County accepted the new results. Norwood officially conceded the race to Lance Bottoms on December 21, 2017. Lance Bottoms was sworn in as the 60th Mayor of Atlanta, GA on January 2, 2018.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Iran",
"paragraph_text": "The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilizations including Elam, Jiroft, and Zayande River. Elam, the most prominent of these civilizations, developed in the southwest of Iran, alongside those in Mesopotamia. The emergence of writing in Elam was paralleled to Sumer, and the Elamite cuneiform was developed since the 3rd millennium BC.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ismail Ahmed Rajab Al Hadidi",
"paragraph_text": "Ismail Ahmed Rajab Al Hadidi, the Arabic deputy for the Kurdish mayor-governor of city of Kirkuk in Iraq. Al Hadid was born in 1955, was elected as deputy for the mayor of Kirkuk, Abdul Rahman Mustafa in 2003 by the multiethnic city council of Kirkuk, after a Coalition Provisional Authority's organized election for a local city council in Kirkuk in May 2003, in Post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. Al Hadidi was wounded in the leg in an assassination bid in November 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Merrill Elam",
"paragraph_text": "Merrill Elam is an American architect and educator based in Atlanta, Georgia. She is a principal with Mack Scogin in Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects where their work spans between buildings, interiors, planning, graphics and exhibition design, and research.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2017 New York City mayoral election",
"paragraph_text": "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Seattle",
"paragraph_text": "Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Rusty Paul",
"paragraph_text": "Rusty Paul is the American mayor of Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States. Previously a Sandy Springs city councilman, Paul was elected to succeed Eva Galambos in November 2013. He was sworn in as the city's second Mayor on January 7, 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Białystok",
"paragraph_text": "Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a city county (). The Legislative power in the city is vested in the unicameral Białystok City Council (), which has 28 members. Council members are elected directly every four years, one of whom is the mayor, or President of Białystok (). Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor, who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is Tadeusz Truskolaski won the elections as the Civic Platform's candidate, however, he has no official connection with the party. In the first round of the elections he received 49% of the votes (42,889 votes altogether). In the later runoff he defeated his rival candidate Marek Kozlowski from Law and Justice (), receiving 67% of the votes cast (53,018 votes).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history. The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide \"at-large\" seats. The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Vangjush Dako",
"paragraph_text": "angjush Dako has served as the mayor of the city of Durrës, Albania. He wasVangjush Dako is the current mayor of the city of Durrës, Albania. He was elected to the post following the February 2007 local elections. He is a member of the Socialist Party of Albania.Vangjush Dako has served asVangjush Dako is the current mayor of the city of Durrës, Albania. He was elected to the post following the February 2007 local elections. He is a member of the Socialist Party of Albania.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners which are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City. The commission's regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall, which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Auckland",
"paragraph_text": "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards.In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nat Robertson",
"paragraph_text": "Nat Robertson (born 1963) is an American businessman and politician, who served as the mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina, from December 2, 2013, through December of 2017. Robertson had previously served inNat Robertson (born 1963) is an American businessman and politician, who served as the mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina, from December 2, 2013, through December of 2017. Robertson had previously served in the Fayetteville City Council for eight years (four terms). Mayors of Fayetteville are elected to two-year terms.Nat Robertson (born 1963) is an American businessman and politician, who served as the mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina, from December 2, 2013, through December of 2017. Robertson had previously served in the Fayetteville City Council for eight years (four terms). May",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the current mayor in the birthplace of Merrill Elam? | [
{
"id": 153009,
"question": "What city is Merrill Elam from?",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 44880,
"question": "who is the newly elected mayor of #1",
"answer": "Lance Bottoms",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Lance Bottoms | [] | true | Who is the mayor presiding now where Merrill Elam was born? |
3hop1__139787_88110_77129 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_text": "MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the network's naming. Although they had the same name, msnbc.com and MSNBC maintained separate corporate structures and news operations. msnbc.com was headquartered on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington while MSNBC operated out of NBC's headquarters in New York City. Microsoft divested its stakes in the MSNBC channel in 2005 and in msnbc.com in July 2012. The general news site was rebranded as NBCNews.com, and a new msnbc.com was created as the online home of the cable channel.MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Windows Server 2012",
"paragraph_text": ". Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released duringSpecification WindowsUnlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 has no support for Itanium - based computers, and has four editions. Various features were added or improved over Windows Server 2008 R2 (with many placing an emphasis on cloud computing), such as an updated version of Hyper - V, an IP address management role, a new version of Windows Task Manager, and ReFS, a new file system. Windows Server 2012 received generally good reviews in spite of having included the same controversial Metro - based user interface seen in Windows 8.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Windows Server 2012",
"paragraph_text": "Specification Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2008 R2 Physical processors 64 64 Logical processors when Hyper - V is disabled 640 256 Logical processors when Hyper - V is enabled 320 64 Memory 4 TB 2 TB Failover cluster nodes (in any single cluster) 64 16",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "NHL on USA",
"paragraph_text": "NHL on USA is the de facto title of a television show that broadcasts National Hockey League games on the USA Network. The network last broadcast regular-season games in 1985, but as part of current parent company NBCUniversal's contract to cover the NHL, the network resumed broadcasting a handful of games in the first two rounds of the Stanley Cup Playoffs, by serving as an overflow channel for NHL playoff games that cannot air on sister networks NBC or NBCSN through 2021.NHL on USA is the de facto title of a television show that broadcasts National Hockey League games on the USA Network. The network last broadcast regular-season",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Codex Alexandrinus",
"paragraph_text": "The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A orThe Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hyper-V",
"paragraph_text": "Microsoft Hyper - V, codenamed Viridian and formerly known as Windows Server Virtualization, is a native hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on x86 - 64 systems running Windows. Starting with Windows 8, Hyper - V superseded Windows Virtual PC as the hardware virtualization component of the client editions of Windows NT. A server computer running Hyper - V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Gemma Ramsay",
"paragraph_text": "Gemma Ramsay (also Willis) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Beth Buchanan. The actress was not sure about a long term commitment to the serial and initially signed a six-month contract. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 June 1990. Gemma was introduced as Madge Bishop's (Anne Charleston) niece. She moves to Erinsborough to live with her aunt, following her mother's death. She is portrayed as intelligent, care free, independent, and someone who will stand up for her friends. Producers soon established a relationship between Gemma and Matt Robinson (Ashley Paske), and later with Adam Willis (Ian Williams). Buchanan reprised the role for a brief guest stint in 2019 to facilitate the introduction of her daughter, Roxy Willis (Zima Anderson).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "WHKP",
"paragraph_text": "WHKP is a radio station broadcasting at 1450 on the AM dial in Hendersonville, North Carolina. The call letters stand for Where the Heavens Kiss the Peaks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Buchanan & Press",
"paragraph_text": "Buchanan & Press is an American debate show on MSNBC pairing former \"Crossfire\" hosts conservative Pat Buchanan and liberal Bill Press. The show was cancelled due to both hosts opposition to the 2003 Iraq War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Music & Letters",
"paragraph_text": "Music & Letters is an academic journal published quarterly by Oxford University Press with a focus on musicology. The journal sponsors the Music & Letters Trust, twice-yearly cash awards of variable amounts to support research in the music field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Xbox One system software",
"paragraph_text": "The Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One. It is a Microsoft Windows-based operating system using the Hyper-V virtual machine monitor and contains separate operating systems for games and applications that can run on the console. It is located on the internal HDD for day-to-day usage, while also being duplicated on the internal NAND storage of the console for recovery purposes and factory reset functionality. based on heavily modified versions of Windows, the newer consoles feature operating systems that are highly compatible with Microsoft's desktopThe Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One. It is a Microsoft Windows-based",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Chandee",
"paragraph_text": "andee, also spelled as Chandi, is a 2013 Indian Telugu film directed by V. Samudra starring Priyamani, R. Sarathkumar, Ashish Vidhyarthi and Krishnam Raju in the lead roles, and AliChandee, also spelled as Chandi, is a 2013 Telugu film directed by V. Samudra starring Priyamani, R. Sarathkumar, Ashish Vidhyarthi and Krishnam Raju in the lead roles, and Ali and MS Narayana as key comedians.Chandee, also spelled as Chandi, is a 2013 Telugu film directed by V. Samudra starring Priyamani, R. Sarathkumar, Ashish Vidhyarthi and Krishnam Raju in the lead roles, and Ali and MS Narayana as key comedians.Chandee, also spelled as Chandi, is a 2013 Indian Telugu film directed",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ",900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker AirOklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "IPod Touch",
"paragraph_text": " iPod Touch (stylized as iPod touch) is a discontinued line of iOS-based mobile devices designed and formerly marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen-controlled user interface. As with other iPod models, the iPodSuccessive updates to iOS since the initial release in 2007 have released additional features. iPhone OS 2.0, released on July 11, 2008, introduced the App Store, which allowed third - party applications for the first time. iPhone OS 3.0, released on June 17, 2009, added features such as cut, copy, and paste, data tethering and push notification support. iOS 4.0, released on June 21, 2010, introduced iBooks, FaceTime, and multitasking. It dropped support for the first generation iPod Touch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kodimalar",
"paragraph_text": "Kodimalar is a 1966 Indian Tamil language film, directed by C. V. Sridhar and produced by S. L. Nahaatha and A. K. Balasubramanian. The film stars R. Muthuraman, C. R. Vijayakumari, A. V. M. Rajan, Kanchana and Nagesh in lead roles. The film had musical score by MS Viswanathan. It is a remake of the Bengali film \"Shyamali\" (1956).",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which was the initial operating system to endorse Hyper-V from the corporation symbolized by MS on the network airing Buchanan & Press? | [
{
"id": 139787,
"question": "What network broadcast Buchanan & Press?",
"answer": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 88110,
"question": "what do the letters ms in #1 stand for",
"answer": "Microsoft",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 77129,
"question": "what was the first os to support #2 hyper-v",
"answer": "Windows 8",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Windows 8 | [] | true | What was the first OS to support Hyper-V from the company the letters MS stands for in the network that broadcasts Buchanan & Press? |
2hop__7855_7794 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Lockridge, Iowa",
"paragraph_text": "Lockridge is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 268 at the 2010 census. Lockridge was one of the communities considered for the county seat in 1839, but lost out to Fairfield, Iowa.Lockridge is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 268 at the 2010 census. Lockridge",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Petra",
"paragraph_text": "The city is famous for its rock - cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color ofThe city is famous for its rock - cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as ``one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage ''. Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most - visited tourist attraction. Tourist numbers peaked at 1 million in 2010, the following period witnessed a slump due to regional instability. However, tourist numbers have picked up recently, and around 600,000 tourists visited the site in 2017.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Camdenton, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Camdenton is a city in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 3,718 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Camden County. The city is enveloped by the Lower Niangua arm of the Lake of the Ozarks and serves as a popular trade point for visitors to the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Fairview, California",
"paragraph_text": "Fairview is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. It borders on the city of Hayward and the census-designated place of Castro Valley. The population was 10,003 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "White City, Utah",
"paragraph_text": "White City is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The township is an enclave of the City of Sandy. The population was 5,407 at the 2010 census,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Olympian Village, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Olympian Village is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 774 at the 2010 census. The city was named in honor of Greek myth and culture. Some street names include Parthenon Drive, Kronos Drive, Hercules Place, Plato Place and Pheidippides Place.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mulino, Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "Mulino, Oregon is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 213 between the cities of Oregon City and Molalla. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,103.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nagarkot",
"paragraph_text": "Nagarkot is a former Village Development Committee located 32 km east of Kathmandu, Nepal in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone and as of 2015 part of Nagarkot Municipality. At the time of the 2011 census it had a population of 4571 and had 973 houses in it. At an elevation of 2,195 meters, it is considered one of the most scenic spots in Bhaktapur District. It is known for a sunrise view of the Himalayas including Mount Everest as well as other peaks of the Himalayan range of eastern Nepal. Nagarkot also offers a panoramic view of the Kathmandu Valley. The scenic beauty of the place makes it a very popular hiking route for tourists. It is located approximately 7000 ft (2000 m) above sea level and 28 km from Kathmandu International Airport. km from Kathmandu International Airport.\nNagarkot commands one of the broadest views of the Himalayas in the Kathmandu valley (Nagarkot is a former Village Development Committee located 32 km east of Kathmandu, Nepal in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone and as of 2015",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Horní Bečva",
"paragraph_text": " biggest village from the three Bečva villages. It is a popular tourist destination, with many weekend cottages. The river Rožnovská Bečva flows through the village.Horní Bečva is a municipality and village in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2Horní Bečva is a village in Vsetín District, Zlín Region, Czech Republic. It is a typical highland village with the altitude of 505 m nestled in the heart of Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range. The population of the village is 2,460 (2018). It is a popular tourist destination with great possibilities for hiking, mountain biking and cross country skiing. Horní Bečva is the biggest village from the three Bečva villages. It is a popular tourist destination, with many weekend cottages. The river Rožnovská Bečva flows through the village.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Village of Four Seasons, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Village of Four Seasons is a village in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,217 at the 2010 census. The village is situated on the shores of Lake of the Ozarks and is a popular tourist destination along with the other communities in the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Esperance, Washington",
"paragraph_text": "Esperance is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Esperance is an enclave of the city of Edmonds, WA. The population was 3,601 at the 2010 census.Esperance is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Esper",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance CompanyAccording to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Zilwaukee, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Zilwaukee is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 1,658. The city is adjacent to and was created from Zilwaukee Township. It is the home of the Zilwaukee Bridge.Zilwaukee is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 1,658. The city is adjacent to and was created from Zilwaukee Township. It is the home of the Zilwaukee Bridge.Zilwaukee is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 1,658. The city is adjacent to and was created from",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the number of inhabitants in the year 2010 in the city that attracts many tourists? | [
{
"id": 7855,
"question": "What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 7794,
"question": "What was the population of #1 in 2010?",
"answer": "8.005 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 8.005 million | [] | true | What is the population in 2010 of they city popular with tourists? |
3hop1__147225_30587_83479 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Battle of the Atlantic",
"paragraph_text": "As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: theAs an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Axis also sought to prevent the build - up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a pre-requisite for pushing back the Axis. The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for the Allies -- the German blockade failed -- but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats (the majority being Type VII submarines) and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Scharnhorst, Bismarck, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. Of the U-boats, 519 were sunk by British, Canadian, or other allied forces, while 175 were destroyed by American forces; 15 were destroyed by Soviets and 73 were scuttled by their crews before the end of the war for various causes.As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Axis also sought to prevent the build - up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Air Force Armament Museum",
"paragraph_text": ", it was originally located in a converted gymnasium on the northeastern edge of the Eglin main base, adjacent to Valparaiso, Florida.1940s era chapel. Two years later, the Air Force Armament Museum Foundation was established with the goal of constructing a new building. The foundation facedThe Air Force Armament Museum, adjacent to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, is the only facility in the U.S. dedicated to the display of Air Force armament. FoundedThe Air Force Armament Museum, adjacent to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, is the only facility in the U.S. dedicated to the display of Air Force armament. Founded in 1975, it was originally located in a converted gymnasium on the northeastern edge of the Eglin main base, adjacent to Valparaiso, Florida.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Conrad Brann",
"paragraph_text": "Conrad Max Benedict Brann (born July 20, 1925 in Rostock, Germany died June 23, 2014) was a German-British linguist. He was a professor emeritus at University of Maiduguri in Nigeria.Conrad Brann opened a library, a personal library in his living area that influenced the lives of language & linguistics students and of English students too.It is our prayer that the library is sustained.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "List of presidents of the United States by age",
"paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 261 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 39 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 208 days).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Linda Baker",
"paragraph_text": "Linda L. Baker (born 1948) is an American schoolteacher and politician from Maine. Baker, a Republican from Topsham, Maine, represents District 23 in the Maine Senate. District 23 encompasses all of Sagadahoc County, Maine and the adjacent town of Dresden.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Bert Hinkler",
"paragraph_text": "Herbert John Louis Hinkler (8 December 1892 – 7 January 1933), better known as Bert Hinkler, was a pioneer Australian aviator (dubbed \"Australian Lone Eagle\") and inventor. He designed and built early aircraft before being the first person to fly solo from England to Australia, and the first person to fly solo across the Southern Atlantic Ocean. He married in 1932 at the age of 39, and died less than a year later after crashing into remote countryside near Florence, Italy during a solo flight record attempt.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Schmidt Ocean Institute",
"paragraph_text": "The Schmidt Ocean Institute is a non-profit private foundation focused on oceanography, founded in March 2009 by Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt. The Institute’s goal is to advance ocean exploration, discovery, and knowledge using technological advances, data-rich observation and analysis, and open sharing of information.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Philipp Schwartz",
"paragraph_text": "Philipp Schwartz (born 19 July 1894 in Versec, Banat, Hungary, died 1 December 1977 in Fort Lauderdale, United States) was a Hungarian-born neuropathologist, who lived in Germany, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Henry Winterfeld",
"paragraph_text": "Henry Winterfeld (born April 9, 1901, in Hamburg, Germany; died January 27, 1990, in Machias, Maine), published under the pseudonym Manfred Michael, was a German writer and artist famous for his children's and young adult novels. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1940 and lived there until his death.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hermann von Kuhl",
"paragraph_text": "For his postwar work, von Kuhl was awarded the \"Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste\" (English: Order of Merit in the Sciences and Arts) in 1924, Germany's highest civilian decoration. Hermann von Kuhl spent his last few years living with his nephew in Frankfurt am Main. He died there on 4 November 1958 at the age of 102, quite possibly the last surviving German World War I general.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Herbert Quandt",
"paragraph_text": "Herbert Quandt was born in Pritzwalk, the second son of Günther Quandt (1881–1954) and Antonie \"Toni\" Quandt (born Ewald). Antonie died of the Spanish flu in 1918.Herbert Quandt was born in Pritzwalk, the second son of Günther Quandt (1881–1954) and Antonie \"Toni\" Quandt (born Ewald). Antonie died of the Spanish flu in 1918.Herbert Werner Quandt (22 June 1910 – 2 June 1982) was a German industrialist and member of the Nazi Party credited with having saved BMW when it was at the point of bankruptcy and made a huge profit in doing so. Quandt also oversaw the use at his family's",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Eureka Marsh",
"paragraph_text": "Eureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to Humboldt Bay on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County, California.Eureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to Humboldt Bay on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County, California.Eureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to Humboldt Bay on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County, California.Eureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to HumboldtEureka Marsh (\"previously known as Palco Marsh\") is an area adjacent to Humboldt Bay on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County, California.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Herbert Saffir",
"paragraph_text": "On 21 November 2007 Herbert Saffir died of a heart attack at South Miami Hospital in Miami according to his son, Richard Saffir. He was 90 years old.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Battle of Bunker Hill",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. It was the original objective of both the colonial and British troops, though the majority of combat took place on the adjacent hill which later became known as Breed's Hill.The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. It was the original objective of both the colonial and British troops, though the majority of combat took place on the adjacent hill which later became known as Breed's Hill.The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. It was the original objective of both the colonial and British troops, though the majority of combat took place on the adjacent hill which later became known as Breed's Hill.The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What objective was Germany striving for in the battle that took place in the ocean next to the city where Herbert Saffir passed away? | [
{
"id": 147225,
"question": "Where did Herbert Saffir live when he died?",
"answer": "Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 30587,
"question": "What ocean is #1 adjacent to?",
"answer": "Atlantic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 83479,
"question": "what was germany's main goal in the battle of the #2",
"answer": "to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting | [
"United Kingdom"
] | true | What was Germany's goal in the Battle of the ocean adjacent to the city Herbert Saffir died in? |
3hop1__157807_19788_15107 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Red-bellied black snake",
"paragraph_text": "The red - bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a species of elapid snake native to eastern Australia. Though its venom is capable of causing significant morbidity, a bite from it is not generally fatal and is less venomous than other Australian elapid snakes. It is common in woodlands, forests and swamplands of eastern Australia. It is one of Australia's best - known snakes, as it is common in urban areas along the eastern coast of Australia. It has an average total length (including tail) of 1.5 to 2 metres (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 7 in).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tentacled snake",
"paragraph_text": "The tentacled snake or tentacle snake (Erpeton tentaculatum), is a rear-fanged aquatic snake native to South-East Asia. It is the only species of its genus, Erpeton, and the two tentacles on its snout are a unique feature among snakes. The method it uses to catch fish has recently been a subject of research.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"paragraph_text": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now - defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a ``Hindu Kingdom, ''although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now - defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a ``Hindu Kingdom, ''although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition partiesNigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Christian",
"paragraph_text": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Protestantism",
"paragraph_text": "In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion. These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it remains one of the most popular religions. Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements, there are only few Protestant adherents; mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs, restrictions during the Communist rule, and also the ongoing secularization. Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased. According to a 2012 study about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer, Protestants made up 12% of the EU population. According to Pew Research Center, Protestants constituted nearly one fifth (or 17.8%) of the continent's Christian population in 2010. Clarke and Beyer estimate that Protestants constituted 15% of all Europeans in 2009, while Noll claims that less than 12% of them lived in Europe in 2010.Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": " Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongestThe Hebrew Bible, a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews, established the first of the Abrahamic religions, which are now practiced by 54% of the world. Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, and has been called not only a religion, but also a \"way of life,\" which has made drawing a clear distinction between Judaism, Jewish culture, and Jewish identity rather difficult. Throughout history, in eras and places as diverse as the ancient Hellenic world, in Europe before and after The Age of Enlightenment (see Haskalah), in Islamic Spain and Portugal, in North Africa and the Middle East, India, China, or the contemporary United States and Israel, cultural phenomena have developed that are in some sense characteristically Jewish without being at all specifically religious. Some factors in this come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews or specific communities of Jews with their surroundings, others from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community, as opposed to from the religion itself. This phenomenon has led to considerably different Jewish cultures unique to their own communities, each as authentically Jewish as the next.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Guam",
"paragraph_text": "Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.Guam (i/����w����m/ or /����w��m/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hinduism in India",
"paragraph_text": " religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.HindHinduism is the largest religion in India, with 81.2% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 1.2 billion Hindus in India as of National Census of India, while 12.2% of the population follow Islam and the remaining 6.6% adhere to other religions (such as Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, various indigenous ethnically - bound faiths, Atheism and Irreligion). The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the majority.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Buddhism by country",
"paragraph_text": "Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world, 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the world's total population.Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world, 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the world's total population.This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population. It also includes other entities such as some territories.\nBuddBuddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world, 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the world's total population.This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "���� shahee) will instead be served.The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ������ būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning \"to be blessed\". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea (\"shai\" ������ shahee)Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the \"equality of all Eritrean languages\". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "British Isles",
"paragraph_text": "Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the predicted proportion of Eritrea's population that follows the predominant religion of the region where the tentacled snake originates? | [
{
"id": 157807,
"question": "which is the native country of the tantacle snake?",
"answer": "South-East Asia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 19788,
"question": "Which religion is widely practiced in #1 ?",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 15107,
"question": "What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to #2 ?",
"answer": "48%",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 48% | [] | true | What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to the religion widely practiced in the region that the tentacled snake is native to? |
4hop1__39871_314549_131976_44892 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kennedytunnel",
"paragraph_text": "The Kennedytunnel is an important road, rail and bicycle tunnel to the south of Antwerp, Belgium under the Scheldt river. The road tunnel forms a part of Highway R1, the not yet completed inner ring motorway surrounding the city. Opened to road traffic on 31 May 1969, and to rail traffic on 1 February 1970, the tunnel was named after John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Montevideo",
"paragraph_text": "The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Newport News, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "McCarren Park",
"paragraph_text": "McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), who began work as a cooper at Williamsburg sugar refineries and eventually became the Democratic boss of Brooklyn. The park is a popular destination for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also used for sunbathing and dog-walking. In late 2004, the park's track was resurfaced and has been a popular destination for running enthusiasts.McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Dallas Municipal Building",
"paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District ofThe Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_text": "Rocks from the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been found in Greenland, the Irminger Basin, Faroe Islands, Vøring Plateau (off Norway), Faroe - Shetland Basin, Hebrides, Outer Moray Firth and Denmark. The supercontinent known as Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and began to rift around 200 million years ago. Pangea had three major phases of breakup. The first major phase began in the Early - Middle Jurassic, taking place between North America and Africa. The second major phase of breakup began in the Early Cretaceous. The South Atlantic Ocean opened around 140 million years ago as Africa separated from South America, and about the same time, India separated from Antarctica and Australia, forming the central Indian Ocean. The final major phase of breakup occurred in the early Cenozoic, as Laurentia separated from Eurasia. As the two plates broke free from each other, the Atlantic Ocean continued to expand.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kipling GO Station",
"paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tanum Tunnel",
"paragraph_text": "Tanum Tunnel () is double-track railway tunnel on the Asker Line, between Jong in Bærum and Åstad in Asker, Norway. It was built as part of the first stage of the Asker Line, between Asker and Sandvika; construction started in February 2002 and the tunnel opened on 27 August 2005. The tunnel was built by AF Gruppen for the Norwegian National Rail Administration. Most of the tunneling was conducted using the drilling and blasting method, although the easternmost were built using the cut-and-cover method. After the tunnel opened, there have been problems with leaks damaging the superstructure. The tunnel has double track, is electrified and allows for a maximum speed of . The cost to build the tunnel, excluding the superstructure, was 370 million Norwegian krone (NOK). The tunnel will accelerate intercity and regional traffic west of Oslo and free up capacity for the Oslo Commuter Rail on the Drammen Line.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Montclair-Boonton Line",
"paragraph_text": "The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division. The line is a consolidation of three individual lines: the former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Montclair Branch, which ran from Hoboken Terminal to Bay Street, Montclair; the Erie Railroad's Greenwood Lake Division (segment from Montclair to Mountain View-Wayne), which originally ran from the Erie's Jersey City Terminal to Greenwood Lake, NY; and the former Lackawanna Boonton Line, which ran from Hoboken to Hackettstown, New Jersey. The Montclair-Boonton line was formed when the Montclair Connection opened on September 30, 2002. The line serves 28 active rail stations in New Jersey along with New York Pennsylvania Station. It crosses through six counties, serving six stations in the township of Montclair, two in the town of Bloomfield, and one in the city of Newark. Trains along the Montclair-Boonton Line heading eastward usually originate at Hackettstown, Mount Olive, Lake Hopatcong, Dover, or Montclair State University, bound for either Hoboken Terminal or New York Penn Station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Oslo West Station",
"paragraph_text": "Oslo West Station () or Oslo V, is a former railway station located in Vika in Oslo, Norway. It was the terminus of the Drammen Line between 1872 and 1980, until the Oslo Tunnel opened. The station remained in use until 1989, when all traffic was moved to the new Oslo Central Station. Until its closure it was the main station for trains on the Sørland Line, the Drammen Line and the Vestfold Line. There was no passenger rail connection to Oslo Ø, the eastern station that served the eastern lines and trains to Bergen. The only connection was the Oslo Port Line that went partially through some of the most trafficked streets in Oslo. of the most trafficked streets in Oslo.\nThe station building was designed by architect Georg Andreas Bull in the then-fashionable Italiante styleOslo West Station () or Oslo V, is a former railway station located in Vika in Oslo, Norway. It was the terminus of the Drammen Line between 1872 and 1980, until the Oslo Tunnel opened. The station remained in use until 1989, when all traffic was moved to the new Oslo Central Station. Until its closure it was the main",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Navigation Road station",
"paragraph_text": "Navigation Road is a station that serves both Northern and Manchester Metrolink located in the east of Altrincham, in Greater Manchester, England. It consists of a Northern-operated heavy rail station on the Mid-Cheshire Line, and an adjoining light rail stop on the Altrincham Line of Greater Manchester's Metrolink network. The original heavy rail element of the station was opened by the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway in 1931, and the Metrolink element opened in Navigation Road is a station that serves both Northern and Manchester Metrolink located in the east of Altrincham, in Greater Manchester, England. It consists of a Northern-operated heavy rail station on the Mid-Cheshire Line, and an adjoining light rail stop on the Altrincham Line of Greater Manchester's Metrolink network. The original heavy rail element of the station was opened by the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway in 1931, and the Metrolink element opened in 1992. A level crossing operates at the southern end of the station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Herbesthal railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Herbesthal railway station was the Prussian/German frontier station on the main railway from Germany into Belgium between 1843 and 1920. It opened to rail traffic on 15 October 1843, and was thereby the oldest railway station frontier crossing in the world. It lost its border status on 10 January 1920, however, as a result of changes mandated in the Treaty of Versailles, which left Herbesthal more than 10 km (6 miles) inside Belgium.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Refugio (SITEUR)",
"paragraph_text": "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre. y Cairo streets.\n\n\n== References ==Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located in the city centre, just northRefugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Jo",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the ocean, adjacent to the state that houses a rail route with Williamsburg, Main Street and another station, begin to form? | [
{
"id": 39871,
"question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?",
"answer": "Newport News",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 314549,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 131976,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 44892,
"question": "when did #3 start to open",
"answer": "around 140 million years ago",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | around 140 million years ago | [] | true | A line with Williamsburg, Main Street and another station are in a state that's next to an ocean. When did that ocean start to open up? |
2hop__13539_13493 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "List of Spanish football champions",
"paragraph_text": " Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners Runners - up Real Madrid 33 23 Barcelona 25 25 Atlético Madrid 10 9 Athletic Bilbao 8 7 Valencia 6 6 Real Sociedad Deportivo La Coruña Sevilla Real Betis 0Club Winners RunnersReal Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Barcelona, who won the 2017 -- 18 competition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ferdinand Daučík",
"paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Daučík (also known as Fernando Daucik; 30 May 1910 – 14 November 1986) was a Slovak football player and manager. Daučík was the manager of several La Liga clubs, most notably Barcelona, Atlético Bilbao, Atlético Madrid and Real Zaragoza. During his career, he managed La Liga clubs in 488 matches, won three La Liga titles and won the Copa del Generalísimo on five occasions and won three La Liga/Copa doubles. He died in Alcalá de Henares.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga, it is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona overwhelmingly dominant. In the primera división league table, Espanyol has only managed to end above Barça on three occasions from 80 seasons (1928–2015) and the only all-Catalan Copa del Rey final was won by Barça in 1957. Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6–0 in 1951, while Barcelona's biggest win was 5–0 on five occasions (in 1933, 1947, 1964, 1975 and 1992). Espanyol achieved a 2–1 win against Barça during the 2008–09 season, becoming the first team to defeat Barcelona at Camp Nou in their treble-winning season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "El Clásico",
"paragraph_text": "El Clásico Team kits -- Real Madrid in white, Barcelona in blue and red Locale Spain Teams Barcelona Real Madrid Latest meeting Barcelona 5 -- 1 Real Madrid La Liga (28 October 2018) Next meeting Real Madrid v. Barcelona La Liga (3 March 2019) Stadiums Camp Nou (Barcelona) Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid) Statistics Meetings total Competitive matches: 238 Exhibition matches: 34 Total matches: 272 Most wins Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95) Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20) Total matches: Barcelona (113) Most player appearances Manolo Sanchís (43) Top scorer Lionel Messi (26) Largest victory Real Madrid 11 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey (19 June 1943)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "List of Spanish football champions",
"paragraph_text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Real Madrid, who won the 2016 -- 17 competition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18",
"paragraph_text": "India won the Test series 1 -- 0, after the first and third matches were drawn. India won the ODI series 2 -- 1, their eighth consecutive series win since beating Zimbabwe in June 2016. India won the T20I series 3 -- 0.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, \"There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history.\" It has been alleged by local journalist Paco Aguilar that Barcelona's players were threatened by police in the changing room, though nothing was ever proven.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2010 UEFA Champions League Final",
"paragraph_text": "The 2010 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, home of Real Madrid, on Saturday, 22 May 2010, to determine the winners of the 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League. It was the first Champions League final to be played on a Saturday, rather than the traditional Wednesday. The match was won by Internazionale, who beat Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 to complete the Treble, a feat never before achieved by any team from either Italy or Germany. The refereeing team came from England and was led by Howard Webb.The 2010 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, home of Real Madrid, on Saturday, 22 May 2010, to determine the winners of the 2009 -- 10",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a nationalBarcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "El Clásico",
"paragraph_text": "El Clásico Team kits Locale Spain Teams Barcelona Real Madrid Latest meeting Real Madrid 2 -- 0 Barcelona Supercopa de España (16 August 2017) Next meeting Real Madrid v Barcelona La Liga (23 December 2017) Stadiums Camp Nou (Barcelona) Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid) Statistics Meetings total Competitive matches: 235 Exhibition matches: 34 Total matches: 269 Most wins Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95) Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20) Total matches: Barcelona (111) Most player appearances Manolo Sanchís (43) Top scorer Lionel Messi (25) Largest victory Real Madrid 11 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey (19 June 1943)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jesús Aranguren",
"paragraph_text": "His 13-year professional career was solely associated with Athletic Bilbao, with which he played in nearly 400 official games, winning two Copa del Rey trophies. and coach.\nHis 13-year professional career was solely associated with Athletic Bilbao, with which he played in nearly 400 official games, winning two Copa del Rey trophies.\n\n\n== Playing",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enBarcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the UEFA Champions League final with a 3–1 win against Juventus, which completed the treble, the club's second in 6 years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed MSN, scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1955 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "The 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. This was theThe 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. This was the fifth time in nine years that the Yankees and the Dodgers met in the World Series, with the Yankees having won in 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953; the Yankees would also win in the 1956 rematch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club president in 1908, finding the club in financial difficulty after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What winning streak was accomplished in 2009 by the team that first triumphed in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo? | [
{
"id": 13539,
"question": "What team won the first match in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo?",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 13493,
"question": "What series of wins did #1 achieve in 2009?",
"answer": "continental treble",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | continental treble | [] | true | In 2009, what series of wins did the team who won the first match in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo achieve? |
2hop__159737_27110 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Audit in India",
"paragraph_text": "Statutory audit refers to the audit based on the laws applicable on the entity for the time being in force. It is governed by the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind - AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from time to time. A Chartered accountant holding a certificate of practice in India is qualified to be aStatutory audit refers to the audit based on the laws applicable on the entity for the time being in force. It is governed by the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind - AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from time to time. A Chartered accountant holding a certificate of practice in India is qualified to be a statutory auditor of an entity. It is mandatory for a company in India to get the Statutory Audit of its financial statements done according to the provisions of Companies Act 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "History of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. Early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Bhirrana findings (7500 BCE) in Haryana, India & Mehrgarh findings (7000–9000 BCE) in Balochistan, Pakistan.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Puppy Dog Pals",
"paragraph_text": "Rolly (voiced by Sam Lavagnino) is a fawn pug with a red collar. He is n't as smart as Bingo, and is very silly. He is Bingo's younger brother. In ``Bob Loves Mona '', he starts a bad habit of chewing everything he can find.Rolly (voiced by Sam Lavagnino) is a light brown 1 - year - old pup with a red collar. He is n't as smart as Bingo, and is very silly. He is Bingo's younger brother. In ``Bob Loves Mona '', he starts a bad habit of chewing everything he can find",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Indian Air Force",
"paragraph_text": "After it became independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal IndianAfter it became independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force. The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra.Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to India in order to receive military help. The day after, the Instrument of Accession was signed, the RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war zone. And this was when a good management of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force. At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Third Policeman",
"paragraph_text": "The Third Policeman is a novel by Irish writer Brian O'Nolan, writing under the pseudonym Flann O'Brien. It was written between 1939 and 1940, but after it initially failed to find a publisher, the author withdrew the manuscript from circulation and claimed he had lost it. The book remained unpublished at the time of his death in 1966. It was published by MacGibbon & Kee in 1967.== Plot summary ==\nThe Third Policeman is set in rural Ireland and is narrated by a dedicated amateur scholar who studies de Selby, a scientist and philosopher. The narrator,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Nagamandala",
"paragraph_text": "agamangala is a PuraSabhe and a taluk in Mandya district, in the Indian state of Karnataka.\nNagamangala lies on the junction betweenNagamandala is a movie based on folk tales spread in North Karnataka, India. The movie portrays lifestyle, food habits, and routine habits of medieval period in Karnataka. Snakes are considered sacred and are feared and worshipped. North Karnataka dialect is used for conversation. Supernatural elements play a central part in the film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "1951–52 Indian general election",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian general election of 1951 -- 52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time - range associated with these elections.The Indian general election of 1951 -- 52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Battle of Morlaix",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Morlaix was a battle fought in Morlaix on 30 September 1342 between England and France. The English besieged the town, but a French relief force arrived. The English constructedThe Battle of Morlaix was a battle fought in Morlaix on 30 September 1342 between England and France. The English besieged the town, but a French relief force arrived. The English constructed a strong defensive position. After repeated attacks, the French forced the English to retreat into the woods. The French force then withdrew. Notably it was the first use of a tactical withdrawal by the English in medieval warfare.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Dark Habits",
"paragraph_text": "Dark Habits () is a 1983 Spanish black comedy film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar and starring Julieta Serrano, Marisa Paredes and Chus Lampreave. The plot follows a cabaret singer who finds refuge in a convent of eccentric nuns. The film is an exploration of the anachronistic situation of institutionalized religion in contemporary Spanish society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948",
"paragraph_text": "After protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.After protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Operation End Sweep",
"paragraph_text": " 1973, which ended direct American participation in the Vietnam War. It also was the first operational deployment of a U.S. Navy air mine countermeasures capability.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe United States had largely disengaged from the Vietnam War when North Vietnam launched its Easter Offensive into South Vietnam in March 1972. In response, the United States Air Force and U.S. Navy launched Operation Linebacker, a major bombing offensive against North Vietnam. In additionOperation End Sweep ended officially on 27 July 1973, and Task Force 78 withdrew from North Vietnamese waters the following day.Operation End Sweep ended officially on 27 July 1973, and Task Force 78 withdrew from North Vietnamese waters the following day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "India national football team",
"paragraph_text": "India has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, although the team did qualify by default for the 1950 World Cup after all the other nations in their qualification group withdrew. However, India withdrew prior to the tournament beginning. The team has also appeared three times in the Asia's top football competition, the AFC Asian Cup. Their best result in the continental tournament occurred in 1964 when the team finished as runners - up. India also participate in the SAFF Championship, the top regional football competition in South Asia. They have won the tournament six times since the tournament began in 1993.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Crimean War",
"paragraph_text": "Minor naval skirmishes also occurred in the Far East, where at Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula a British and French Allied squadron including HMS Pique under Rear Admiral David Price and a French force under Counter-Admiral Auguste Febvrier Despointes besieged a smaller Russian force under Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin. In September 1854, an Allied landing force was beaten back with heavy casualties, and the Allies withdrew. The Russians escaped under the cover of snow in early 1855 after Allied reinforcements arrived in the region.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Vietnam War",
"paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1970, American troops were withdrawn from border areas where most of the fighting took place, instead redeployed along the coast and interior, and US casualties in 1970 were less than half of 1969 casualties after being relegated to less active combat. At the same time that US forces were deployed, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam took over combat operations throughout the country, with casualties doubled US casualties in 1969, and more than tripled US ones in 1970. The post-Tet environment saw a rise in membership in Regional Force and Popular Force militias, now more capable of providing village security which the Americans could not under Westmoreland. In 1970 Nixon announced the withdrawal of an additional 150,000 American troops, reducing the number of Americans to 265,500. By 1970 the Viet Cong forces were no - longer southern - majority, and nearly 70% of units were northerners. Between 1969 to 1971 the Viet Cong and some PAVN units had reverted to small unit tactics typical of 1967 and prior instead of nation - wide grand offensives. In 1971 Australia and New Zealand withdrew their soldiers and U.S. troop count was further reduced to 196,700, with a deadline to remove another 45,000 troops by February 1972. The United States also reduced support troops and in March 1971 the 5th Special Forces Group, the first American unit deployed to South Vietnam, withdrew to Fort Bragg, North Carolina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lewis and Clark Bridge (Columbia River)",
"paragraph_text": "The Lewis and Clark Bridge is a cantilever bridge that spans the Columbia River between Longview, Washington and Rainier, Oregon. At the time of completion, it had the longest cantilever span in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What was the period during which evidence of human settlement was discovered in India and in the nation that complied with the United Nations resolution of August 1948 to withdraw its troops? | [
{
"id": 159737,
"question": "Who withdrew it's forces?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 27110,
"question": "During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and #1 ?",
"answer": "7000–9000 BCE",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 7000–9000 BCE | [] | true | During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and the country that withdrew its forces in accordance with the UN resolution of August 1948? |
3hop1__159802_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Germany",
"paragraph_text": "Most of Germany has a temperate seasonal climate dominated by humid westerly winds. The country is situated in between the oceanic Western European and the continental Eastern European climate. The climate is moderated by the North Atlantic Drift, the northern extension of the Gulf Stream. This warmer water affects the areas bordering the North Sea; consequently in the northwest and the north the climate is oceanic. Germany gets an average of 789 mm (31 in) of precipitation per year; there is no consistent dry season. Winters are cool and summers tend to be warm: temperatures can exceed 30 °C (86 °F).The east has a more continental climate: winters can be very cold and summers very warm, and longer dry periods can occur. Central and southern Germany are transition regions which vary from moderately oceanic to continental. In addition to the maritime and continental climates that predominate over most of the country, the Alpine regions in the extreme south and, to a lesser degree, some areas of the Central German Uplands have a mountain climate, with lower temperatures and more precipitation.Though the German climate is rarely extreme, there are occasional spikes of cold or heat. Winter temperatures can sometimes drop to two-digit negative temperatures for a few days in a row. Conversely, summer can see periods of very high temperatures for a week or two. The recorded extremes are a maximum of 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) (July 2015, in Kitzingen), and a minimum of −37.8 °C (−36.0 °F) (February 1929, in Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Delhi",
"paragraph_text": "Delhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The warm season lasts from 21 March to 15 June with an average daily high temperature above 39 °C (102 °F). The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 40 °C (104 °F) and low of 28 °C (82 °F). The cold season lasts from 26 November to 9 February with an average daily high temperature below 20 °C (68 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 14 °C (57 °F). In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From April to October the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 2 to 47 °C (35.6 to 116.6 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being −2.2 and 48.4 °C (28.0 and 119.1 °F), respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall is approximately 886 mm (34.9 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "1689 Boston revolt",
"paragraph_text": "Fort Mary surrendered on the 19th, and Andros was moved there from Usher's house. He was confined with Joseph Dudley and other dominion officials until June 7, when he was transferred to Castle Island. A story circulated widely that he had attempted an escape dressed in women's clothing. This was disputed by Boston's Anglican minister Robert Ratcliff, who claimed that such stories had \"not the least foundation of Truth\" but were \"falsehoods and lies\" propagated to \"render the Governour odious to his people\". Andros did make a successful escape from Castle Island on August 2 after his servant bribed the sentries with liquor. He managed to flee to Rhode Island but was recaptured soon after and kept in what was virtually solitary confinement. He and others arrested in the wake of the revolt were held for 10 months before being sent to England for trial. Massachusetts agents in London refused to sign the documents listing the charges against Andros, so he was summarily acquitted and released. He later served as governor of Virginia and Maryland.In the early 1680s, King Charles II of England began taking steps to reorganize the colonies of New England. The charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was revoked in 1684 after its leaders refused to act on his demands for reforms in the colony, when Charles sought to streamline the administration of the colonies and bring them more closely under crown control. He died in 1685 but his successor continued the efforts",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Climate of California",
"paragraph_text": "During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean temperatures of 75 ° F / 50 ° F / 63 ° F, (24 ° C / 10 ° C / 17 ° C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Alaska",
"paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Russkaya Station",
"paragraph_text": "For the shore of Antarctica, the winds are considered to be rather strong. The average number of days per year with wind speeds of over in the area around the station is 264, and on 136 of those the wind speed is over . The average temperature in the coldest months of July–August is ; in the warmest months of December–January it is . The lowest temperature ever recorded at the station was in 1985, and the warmest was in 1983. The average overall temperature over the course of a year is , and the average amount of snowfall is around .For the shore of Antarctica, the winds are considered to be rather strong. The average number of days per year with wind speeds of over in the area around the station is 264, and on 136 of those the wind speed is over . The average temperature in the coldest months of July–August is ; in the warmest months of December–January it is . The lowest temperature ever recorded at the station was in 1985, and the warmest was in 1983. The average overall temperature over the course of a year is , andFor the shore of Antarctica, the winds are considered to be rather strong. The average number of days per year with wind speeds of over in the area around the station is 264, and on 136 of those the wind speed is over . The average temperature in the coldest months of July–August is ; in the warmest months of December–January it is . The lowest temperature ever recorded at the station was in 1985, and the warmest was in 1983. The average overall temperature over the course of a year is , and the average amount of snowfall is around .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Victoria (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Valencia",
"paragraph_text": "Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Cat's Eye Nebula",
"paragraph_text": "Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between 7000 and 9000 K, whose densities average of about 5000 particles per cubic centimetre. Its outer halo has the higher temperature around 15000 K, but is of much lower density. Velocity of the fast stellar wind is about 1900 km/s, where spectroscopic analysis shows the current rate of mass loss averages 3.2×10−7 solar masses per year, equivalent to twenty trillion tons per second (20 Eg/s).Observations show the bright nebulosity has temperatures between ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (TheWinters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sichuan",
"paragraph_text": "Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the typical daytime temperature during winter in the region that encompasses Richmond, in the state formerly under the administration of Andros? | [
{
"id": 159802,
"question": "What is the first state discussed here?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region where Richmond is found, in the state once governed by Andros? |
3hop1__159728_91191_156667 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Identity of the first male Muslim",
"paragraph_text": "One account in Tabari says that the first male convert is Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali is the first person to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam.One account in Tabari says that the first male convert is Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali is the first person to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam.One account in Tabari says that the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts wereThe first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of Mike & Molly characters",
"paragraph_text": "Molly Flynn - Biggs First appearance ``Pilot ''1x01, September 20, 2010 Last appearance`` I See Love'' 6x13, May 16, 2016 Portrayed by Melissa McCarthy Information Gender Female Occupation 4th Grade Schoolteacher (Prior to Season 1 - Season 4), Writer (Season 4 - Present) Family Joyce Flynn - Moranto (mother) Mr Flynn (father; deceased) Victoria Flynn (Younger Sister) Vince Moranto (step - father) Spouse (s) Mike Biggs Children William Michael Biggs (Adopted Son) Unborn Child (expecting with Mike) Relatives Peggy Biggs (mother - in - law) Jack Biggs (father - in - law) Religion Roman Catholic Nationality American his best friend, Carl McMillan, his partner on the police force, whom he joins for breakfast to chat about the state of their lives at a cafe where their waiter is always Samuel, an African immigrant who likes to make fun of Mike's weight. Mike and Molly got engaged in the season 1 finale",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2011 Census of India",
"paragraph_text": "The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths - Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while`` other religions, persuasions'' (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths - 4.957 million - strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million - strong Gond, 506,000 - strong Sari, Donyi - Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala.The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Sh",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity",
"paragraph_text": "The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity is a reference work in science and religion, edited by J.B. Stump and Alan G. Padgett, and published by Wiley-Blackwell in 2012. It contains 54 new essays written by an international list of 55 authors, many of them leading scholars in the discipline of science and religion, and others new or up-and-coming voices in the field. The editors claim, \"We are seeking to introduce and advance serious thinking and talking about science and Christianity, particularly as they interconnect. We are reflecting on the work of scientists and theologians, trying to find points of contact and points of tension which help to illuminate these practices and doctrines in clear, scholarly light.\" The book has received positive reviews in \"Choice\", \"Reference Reviews\", \"Themelios\" and \"Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith\". The article by Sean M. Carroll generated significant attention when it was discussed on the \"Huffington Post\".The Blackwell Companion toThe Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity is a reference work in science and religion, edited by J.B. Stump and Alan G. Padgett, and published by Wiley-Blackwell in 2012. It contains 54 new essays written by an international list of 55 authors, many of them leading scholars in the discipline of science and religion, and others new or up-and-coming voices in the field. The editors claim, \"We are seeking to introduce and advance serious thinking and talking about science and Christianity, particularly as they interconnect. We are reflecting on the work of scientists and theologians, trying to find points of contact and points of tension which help to illuminate these practices and doctrines in clear, scholarly light.\" The book has received positive reviews in \"Choice\", \"Reference Reviews\", \"Themelios\" and \"Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith\". The article by Sean M. Carroll generated significant attention when it was discussed on the \"Huffington Post\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Izzie Stevens",
"paragraph_text": "Dr. Izzie Stevens Grey's Anatomy character The Season 6 Promotional Photo of Katherine Heigl as Dr. Izzie Stevens First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked'' (6.12) January 21, 2010 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Katherine Heigl Information Full name Isobel Katherine Stevens Title M.D. Family Robbie Stevens (Mother) Hannah Klein (Daughter) Spouse (s) Alex Karev (divorced) Significant other (s) Hank Denny Duquette (fiancé, deceased) George O'Malley (deceased) Alex Karev (divorced) Religion Catholicism",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Zeus",
"paragraph_text": "Zeus (/ zj uː s /; Greek: Ζεύς Zeús (zdeǔ̯s)) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo - European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin.-European pantheon.\nIn Classical Latin, deus (feminine dea) was a general noun referring to a deity, while in technical usage a divus or diva was a figure who had become divine, such as a divinized emperor. In Late Latin, Deus came to be used mostly for the Christian God. It was inherited by",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ali",
"paragraph_text": "Ali had four children with Fatimah: Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Zaynab bint Ali and Umm Kulthum bint Ali. His other well-known sons were al-Abbas ibn Ali, born to Fatima binte Hizam (Um al-Banin), and Muhammad ibAli had four children with Fatimah: Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Zaynab bint Ali and Umm Kulthum bint Ali. His other well-known sons were al-Abbas ibn Ali, born to Fatima binte Hizam (Um al-Banin), and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was Ali's son from another wife from the Bani Hanifa tribe of central Arabia named Khawlah bint Ja'far, whom Ali had married after Fatimah's death.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Topeka, Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The name \"Topeka\" is a Kansa-Osage sentence that means \"place where we dug potatoes\", or \"a good place to dig potatoes\". As a placename, \"Topeka\" was first recorded in 1826 as the Kansa name for what is now called the Kansas River. Topeka's founders chose the name in 1855 because it \"was novel, of Indian origin and euphonious of sound.\" The mixed-blood Kansa Native American, Joseph James, called Jojim, is credited with suggesting Topeka's name. The city, laid out in 1854, was one of the Free-State towns founded by Eastern antislavery men immediately after the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Bill. In 1857, Topeka was chartered as a city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of 24 characters",
"paragraph_text": "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Frederick Eckstein",
"paragraph_text": "Also the husband of fellow theosophist and writer Bertha Diener, Eckstein's penchant for occultism first became evident as a member of a vegetarian group which discussed the doctrines of Pythagoras and the Neo-Platonists in Vienna at the end of the 1870s. His esoteric interests later extended to German and Spanish mysticism, the legends surrounding the Templars and the freemasons, Wagnerian mythology and oriental religions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "God",
"paragraph_text": "There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one \"true\" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, \"He Who Is\", \"I Am that I Am\", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, \"Al-El\", or \"Al-Elah\" (\"the God\") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\" The two parts, known as the \"establishment clause\" and the \"free exercise clause\" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the \"separation of church and state\" doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church-state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Religion in Jordan",
"paragraph_text": "Some issues, however, such as religious conversion, are controversial. Although conversion to Islam is relatively free of legal complications, those wishing to leave Islam risk the loss of civil rights and face immense societal pressure. Among the restrictions against religious minorities are:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Topic sentence",
"paragraph_text": "In expository writing, a topic sentence is a sentence that summarizes the main idea of a paragraph. It is usually the first sentence in a paragraph.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was the partner of the initial adherent to the dominant faith in Jordan? | [
{
"id": 159728,
"question": "What religion is discussed in this sentence?",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 91191,
"question": "who was the first convert to the faith called #1",
"answer": "Ali",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 156667,
"question": "What is #2 's spouse's name?",
"answer": "Khawlah bint Ja'far",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Khawlah bint Ja'far | [
"Fatimah",
"Fatima"
] | true | What was the name of the spouse of the first convert to the most prevalent religion in Jordan? |
2hop__38229_84500 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "John Kerry",
"paragraph_text": "Kerry is a Roman Catholic, and is said to carry a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal (the patron saint of travelers) when he campaigned. While Kerry is personally against abortion, he supports a woman's legal right to have one. Discussing his faith, Kerry said, \"I thought of being a priest. I was very religious while at school in Switzerland. I was an altar boy and prayed all the time. I was very centered around the Mass and the church.\" He also said that the Letters of Paul (Apostle Paul) moved him the most, stating that they taught him to \"not feel sorry for myself.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "Two controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff, but did not affect the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there. He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO; finally, he stressed a corruption-free, frugal administration at home.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Virginia Environmental Law Journal",
"paragraph_text": "The Virginia Environmental Law Journal is a law review edited by students at the University of Virginia School of Law. The journal covers research and discussion in the areas of environmental and natural resource law, on a broad array of topics from environmental justice to corporate liability. The Journal is perennially ranked among the top five environmental law journals in the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "NATO",
"paragraph_text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968–1972The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ��ne��to�� /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968–1972The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ��ne��to�� /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Cyberia (book)",
"paragraph_text": "Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994. The book discusses many different ideas revolving around technology, drugs and subcultures. Rushkoff takes a Tom Wolfe \"Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" style (or \"roman à clef\"), as he actively becomes a part of the people and culture that he is writing about. The book goes with Rushkoff as he discusses topics ranging from online culture, the concept of a global brain as put forth in Gaia theory, and Neoshamanism.Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994. The book discusses many different ideas revolving around technology, drugs and subcultures. Rushkoff takes a Tom Wolfe \"Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" style (or \"roman à clef\"), as he actively becomes a part of the people and culture that he is writing about. The book goes with Rushkoff as he discusses topics ranging from online culture, the concept of a global brain as put forth in Gaia theory, and Neoshamanism.Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994. The book discusses many different ideas revolving around technology, drugs and subcultures. Rushkoff takes a Tom Wolfe \"Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" style (or \"roman à clef\"), as he actively becomes a part of the people and culture that he is writing about. The book goes with Rushkoff as he discusses topics ranging from online culture, the concept of a global brain as put forth in Gaia theory, and Neoshamanism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed \"K1C2\", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word \"expeditionary\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": " Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "PJM",
"paragraph_text": "PJM, a hardy hybrid rhododendron, where the letters stand for Peter John Mezitt, patriarch of Weston Nurseries, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where the cultivar originatedPJM, a hardy hybrid rhododendron, where the letters stand for Peter John Mezitt, patriarch of Weston Nurseries, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where the cultivar originatedPJM, a hardy hybrid rhododendron, where the letters stand for Peter John Mezitt, patriarch of Weston Nurseries, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where the cultivar originated",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": " appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word \"expeditionary\" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-BPresident Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A \"Draft Eisenhower\" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, \"I Like Ike\". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "WHKP",
"paragraph_text": "WHKP is a radio station broadcasting at 1450 on the AM dial in Hendersonville, North Carolina. The call letters stand for Where the Heavens Kiss the Peaks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight \"Icky\" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Coincidentally, John graduated from West Point on D-Day, June 6, 1944. He married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10, 1947. John and Barbara had four children: David, Barbara Ann, Susan Elaine and Mary Jean. David, after whom Camp David is named, married Richard Nixon's daughter Julie in 1968. John died on December 21, 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's \"vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature\". His biographer Blanche Wiesen Cook suggested that this period served as \"the political education of General Eisenhower\", since he had to prioritize wide-ranging educational, administrative, and financial demands for the university. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy. \"Whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings,\" one Aid to Europe member claimed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenhower felt he had been making progress towards better relations with the Soviet Union. Nuclear arms reduction and Berlin were to have been discussed at the summit. Eisenhower stated it had all been ruined because of that \"stupid U-2 business\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "French cooperation was deemed necessary to the campaign, and Eisenhower encountered a \"preposterous situation\" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into Tunisia, and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to François Darlan as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices of state in Vichy France and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the French armed forces. The Allied leaders were \"thunderstruck\" by this from a political standpoint, though none of them had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in the course of planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Eisenhower did not take action to prevent the arrest and extrajudicial execution of Bonnier de La Chapelle by associates of Darlan acting without authority from either Vichy or the Allies, considering it a criminal rather than a military matter. Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the meaning behind the name of the subject that remained undiscussed by Eisenhower throughout his campaign? | [
{
"id": 38229,
"question": "What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?",
"answer": "NATO",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 84500,
"question": "what do the letters in #1 stand for",
"answer": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | [
"NATO",
"North Atlantic Alliance"
] | true | What does the name of the topic that Eisenhower didn't discuss during the campaign stand for? |
3hop1__106042_64399_59680 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Over Ashes",
"paragraph_text": "Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week.Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week.Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week.Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week.Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus, Ohio that later relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. The original group included founding members of Cross Culture, and appeared at the 2007 Gospel Music Week.Over Ashes was an American Christian rock band from Columbus,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Rebibbia (Rome Metro)",
"paragraph_text": " Metro, and is the northern terminus of line B. It was opened in 1990 and is situated along via Tiburtina in the Rebibbia district at the north-eastern extremity of Rome. Beside the station is the Rebibbia prison.In 2014, Italian cartoonist Zerocalcare created a mural for one of the walls of Rebibbia Metro Station. \n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Metropolitana di Roma linea B - Rebibbia at Wikimedia CommonsRebibbia is a station on the Rome Metro, and is the northern terminus of line B. It was opened in 1990 and is situated along via Tiburtina in the Rebibbia district at the north-eastern extremity of Rome. Beside the station is the Rebibbia prison.In 2014, Italian cartoonist ZRebibbia is a station on the Rome Metro, and is the northern terminus of line B. It was opened in 1990 and is situated along via Tiburtina in the Rebibbia district at the north-eastern extremity of Rome. Beside the station is the Rebibbia prison.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Mount Judea, Arkansas",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Judea is an unincorporated community in Newton County, Arkansas, United States. Mount Judea is located at the junction of Arkansas highways 74 and 123, southeast of Jasper. Mount Judea has a post office with ZIP code 72655.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Early centers of Christianity",
"paragraph_text": "The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": "During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Israel as a Hellenistic vassal. This period also saw the rise of a Hellenistic Judaism, which first developed in the Jewish diaspora of Alexandria and Antioch, and then spread to Judea. The major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic to Koiné Greek. The reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the Alexandrian Jews had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Religion in ancient Rome",
"paragraph_text": "The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symmachus (d. 402) were rejected. Christianity became increasingly popular. Heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, but Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Oxyrhynchus",
"paragraph_text": "Since the 1930s, work on the papyri has continued. For many years it was under the supervision of Professor Peter Parsons of Oxford. Eighty large volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri have been published, and these have become an essential reference work for the study of Egypt between the 4th century BC and the 7th century AD. They are also extremely important for the history of the early Christian Church, since many Christian documents have been found at Oxyrhynchus in far earlier versions than those known elsewhere. At least another forty volumes are anticipated.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Stations of the Cross",
"paragraph_text": "These fourteen sites along the Via Dolorosa are where the events of the Stations of the Cross happened, according to tradition. These 14 stops form a route ending at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher that pilgrims have walked for centuries and are the inspiration for the Stations of the Cross in many churches today.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Red",
"paragraph_text": "oretto. Later it was used by Thomas Gainsborough, Seurat and J.M.W. Turner. apartment, Deuce develops a relationship with his neighborSurveys show that red is the color most associated with courage. In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the Pope and Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church wore red to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. The banner of the Christian soldiers in the First Crusade was a red cross on a white field, the St. George's Cross. According to Christian tradition, Saint George was a Roman soldier who was a member of the guards of the Emperor Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred. The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England in the 16th century, and now is part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as well as the Flag of the Republic of Georgia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lent",
"paragraph_text": "In Lent, many Christians commit to fasting, as well as giving up certain luxuries in order to replicate the sacrifice of Jesus Christ's journey into the desert for 40 days. Many Christians also add a Lenten spiritual discipline, such as reading a daily devotional or praying through a Lenten calendar, to draw themselves near to God. The Stations of the Cross, a devotional commemoration of Christ's carrying the Cross and of his execution, are often observed. Many Roman Catholic and some Protestant churches remove flowers from their altars, while crucifixes, religious statues, and other elaborate religious symbols are often veiled in violet fabrics in solemn observance of the event. Throughout Christendom, some adherents mark the season with the traditional abstention from the consumption of meat, most notably among Lutherans, Roman Catholics and Anglicans.In Lent, many Christians commit to fasting, as well as giving up certain luxuries in order to replicate the sacrifice of Jesus Christ's journey into the desert for 40 days. Many Christians also add a Lenten spiritual discipline, such as reading a daily devotional or praying through a Lenten calendar, to draw themselves near to God. The Stations of the Cross, a devotional commemoration of Christ's carrying the Cross and of his execution, are often observed. Many Roman Catholic and some Protestant churches remove flowers from their altars, while crucifixes, religious statues, and other elaborate religious symbols are often veiled in violet fabrics in solemn observ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Vasilopita",
"paragraph_text": " pie is also known as Chronópita (��ρονόπιτα ��ρόνος: \"chrónos �� time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta �� pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie.τα < ��ρόνος: chrónos �� time/year + πίτα: píta �� pie), meaning \"New Year's pie\".\nIn other areas of the Balkans, the tradition of cake with a hidden coin during winter holidays existsVasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit.Vasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα χρόνος: \"chrónos ⇨ time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta ⇨ pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief Sasanian Persian invasion early in the 7th century amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Islamic Empire by the Muslim Arabs. When they defeated the Byzantine Armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought Sunni Islam to the country. Early in this period, Egyptians began to blend their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices, leading to various Sufi orders that have flourished to this day. These earlier rites had survived the period of Coptic Christianity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Roman Republic",
"paragraph_text": "By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stronghold of Hispania (modern Spain) but decided to tackle Pompey himself in Greece. Pompey initially defeated Caesar, but failed to follow up on the victory, and was decisively defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, despite outnumbering Caesar's forces two to one, albeit with inferior quality troops. Pompey fled again, this time to Egypt, where he was murdered.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": "Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In Rome, Egypt, Judea, and the nation associated with Vasilopita, how many events of the Stations of the Cross occurred in the city where Christianity first began? | [
{
"id": 106042,
"question": "Which was the country for Vasilopita?",
"answer": "Greece",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 64399,
"question": "where did christianity originate rome egypt judea #1",
"answer": "Jerusalem",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 59680,
"question": "how many stations of the cross in #2",
"answer": "fourteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | fourteen | [] | true | How many Stations of the Cross happened in the city originating Christianity in Rome, Egypt, Judea and the country for Vasilopita? |
4hop1__58323_375563_161848_61344 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Demon Thief",
"paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zus",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": " and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometersSport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup",
"paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)",
"paragraph_text": " October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\".\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Supernaw's \"I Don't Call Him Daddy\".\n\n\n== Content ==\n\"Soon\" is composed in the key of A major. Its verses follow the chord pattern F�\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Australia (continent)",
"paragraph_text": " were lower during the Pleistocene ice age, including the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 BC, they were connected by dry land into the combined landNew Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The termNew Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest",
"paragraph_text": "Montenegro has participated at the Eurovision Song Contest 11 times. The country debuted in 2007. Previously it participated as part of Yugoslavia (both the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1961 to 1991 and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992) and Serbia and Montenegro (from 2004 to 2006).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "1952 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Black Mask",
"paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kamilla and the Thief",
"paragraph_text": "amilla and the Thief (Kamilla og Tyven) is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husbandKamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Albania at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Book Thief (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "North Korea at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Where Dead Voices Gather",
"paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yellow brick road",
"paragraph_text": "The road is first introduced in the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The road begins in the heart of the eastern quadrant called Munchkin Country in the Land of Oz. It functions as a guideline that leads all who follow it, to the road's ultimate destination -- the imperial capital of Oz called Emerald City that is located in the exact center of the entire continent. In the book, the novel's main protagonist, Dorothy, is forced to search for the road before she can begin her quest to seek the Wizard. This is because the cyclone from Kansas did not release her farmhouse closely near it as it did in the various film adaptations. After the council with the native Munchkins and their dear friend the Good Witch of the North, Dorothy begins looking for it and sees many pathways and roads nearby, (all of which lead in various directions). Thankfully it does n't take her too long to spot the one paved with bright yellow bricks.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | To which continent does the country, which is in proximity to the homeland of The Book Thief's writer, belong? | [
{
"id": 58323,
"question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film",
"answer": "Markus Zusak",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 375563,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 161848,
"question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 61344,
"question": "#3 is a part of what continent",
"answer": "submerged continent of Zealandia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | submerged continent of Zealandia | [
"Zealandia"
] | true | What continent is the country located near the country of citizenship of The Book Thief's author part of? |
3hop1__131829_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Shannon Brook",
"paragraph_text": "The Shannon Brook, a perennial stream of the Richmond River catchment, is located in Northern Rivers region in the state of New South Wales, Australia.The Shannon Brook, a perennial stream of the Richmond River catchment, is located in Northern Rivers region in the state of New South Wales, Australia.The Shannon Brook, a perennial stream of the Richmond River catchment, is located in Northern Rivers region in the state of New South Wales, Australia.The Shannon Brook,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. JulyThe January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey",
"paragraph_text": "Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed 85 °F (29 °C) in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City Int'l.[a] Winters are cool, with January averaging 35.5 °F (2 °C). Spring and autumn are erratic, although they are usually mild with low humidity. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25, allowing a growing season of 239 days. Extreme temperatures range from −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 9, 1934 to 104 °F (40 °C) on August 7, 1918.[b]As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": " navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land andRichmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a]Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Lime Kiln Valley AVA",
"paragraph_text": "The Lime Kiln Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the larger Cienega Valley AVA in San Benito County, California. This appellation spans and was granted AVA status in 1982. The soil in the region is composed of foundations of limestone and dolomite with sandy, gravelly loThe Lime Kiln Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the larger Cienega Valley AVA in San Benito County, California. This appellation spans and was granted AVA status in 1982. The soil in the region is composed of foundations of limestone and dolomite with sandy, gravelly loam above. The area has a wide diurnal temperature variation of up to , with daytime temperatures in to range during the summer growing seasons. The AVA is home to old vine Mourvedre plantings.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "WXBX",
"paragraph_text": "WXBX is an Oldies formatted broadcast radio station (95.3 FM) licensed to Rural Retreat, Virginia, serving the Wytheville and Wythe County, Virginia area. WXBX is owned and operated by Three Rivers Media Corporation.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Eden Creek",
"paragraph_text": "The Eden Creek, a perennial stream of the Richmond River catchment, is located in Northern Rivers region in the state of New South Wales, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "Southern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "The Appalachian Mountains are the coolest area of the state, with temperatures averaging in the low 40s and upper 30s °F (6–3 °C) for highs in the winter and falling into the low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower on winter nights. Relatively cool summers have temperatures rarely rising above 80 °F (27 °C). Average snowfall in many areas exceeds 30 in (76 cm) per year, and can be heavy at the higher elevations; for example, during the Blizzard of 1993 more than 60 in (152 cm) of snow fell on Mount Mitchell over a period of three days. Mount Mitchell has received snow in every month of the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Climate of California",
"paragraph_text": "During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean temperatures of 75 ° F / 50 ° F / 63 ° F, (24 ° C / 10 ° C / 17 ° C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sichuan",
"paragraph_text": "Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Victoria (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont regionRichmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the typical temperature during the day in the wintertime for Richmond's region, in the state where the broadcast station WXBX can be found? | [
{
"id": 131829,
"question": "Which state is WXBX located?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region containing Richmond, in the state where WXBX is located? |
3hop1__103751_24918_24991 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kremlin, Wisconsin",
"paragraph_text": " m). It is connected by road to Pembine to the west and by rail to Faithorn, Michigan to the east. The Menominee River flows to the east, past Nose Peak Island and the Pemebonwon Islands. Kimlark Lake (elevation 810 ft or 250 m) lies immediately to the north of Kremlin, and Long Lake (elevation 806 ft or 246 m) to the west.\n\n\n== Name ==\nKremlin was named after the Moscow Kremlin in 1886 by English financiers of the railroad through the settlement, possibly because relatives of the financiers were married to Russian nobility.\n\n\n== History ==\nThere was formerly a post office in Kremlin. On January 2, 1909, the last known cougar sightingKremlin is an unincorporated community located in the town of Pembine, Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. Kremlin is located on the Canadian National Railway southeast of Niagara.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Moscow Kremlin",
"paragraph_text": "The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Моско́вский Кремль, tr. Moskovskiy Kreml, IPA: (mɐˈskofskjɪj krjemlj)), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. It is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. Also within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the tsar's Moscow residence. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the westThe Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Моско́вский Кремль, tr. Moskovskiy Kreml, IPA: (m����skofskj��j krjemlj)), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": " Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additionalVictoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced \"these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business\". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nathan Stoltzfus",
"paragraph_text": "Nathan Stoltzfus is an American historian and Rintels Professor of Holocaust Studies in the history department at Florida State University. He is noted for his work on protest during the Nazi era, particularly the Rosenstrasse Protest that has sparked debate and discussion about the possibility and impact of protest in Nazi Germany. He was educated at Goshen College (B.A. 1978) and Harvard University (PhD, 1993), and has authored or edited five books.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Yu Lihua",
"paragraph_text": "Yu Lihua was born in Shanghai and went to university in Taiwan, taking history at National Taiwan University. Then she went to the United States to do a graduate degree in journalism at UCLA and then to teach Chinese literature in the Department of Comparative University at the State University of New York.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with a spirit way and a tortoise stele, was discovered in Yuhuatai District (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Kamelanc'",
"paragraph_text": "Kamel Jdayni Houari (born 13 May 1980 in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), better known as Kamelancien later shortened into Kamelanc', is a francophone rapper of Moroccan origin. He grew up in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, a town in the suburbs of Paris. of Paris.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n=== Albums ===\nas Kamelancien\n\nas Kamelanc'\n\n\n=== Mixtapes ===\nas Kamelancien\n\n\n=== Singles ===\nas Kamelanc'\n\nKamel Jdayni Houari (born 13 May 1980 in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), better known as Kamelancien later shortened into Kamelanc', is a francophone rapper of Moroccan origin. He grew",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": " the actions of God alone.The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19)In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Muhammad's first revelation",
"paragraph_text": "Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the prophet Muhammad was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Holy Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near Makka.Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the prophet Muhammad was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Holy Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodonIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "List of Moscow Kremlin towers",
"paragraph_text": "The following is a list of towers of Moscow Kremlin. The Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin is flanked by 19 towers with a 20th, the Koutafia Tower, not part of its walls.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ethella Chupryk",
"paragraph_text": "Ethella Chupryk (Hungarian: Etelka Csuprik, Ukrainian: Етелла Чуприк, \"Etella Chupryk\", born 1964) is a Ukrainian pianist and Assistant Professor of piano at the Mykola Lysenko National Music Academy in Lviv, Ukraine.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pamela Ann McDougall",
"paragraph_text": "McDougall attended Glebe Collegiate in Ottawa and went on to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Mount Allison University and a graduate degree from the University of Toronto. McDougall elected not to pursue a career in chemistry, accepting, instead, a position as a grade 3 clerk in the Department of External Affairs. McDougall rose through the ranks of the department, becoming a grade 1 foreign service officer in 1952.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Vol",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What occurred following the departure of the Soviet President from the Kremlin after his visit to the home country of Ethella Chupryk amidst ongoing protests? | [
{
"id": 103751,
"question": "Where was Ethella Chupryk from?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 24918,
"question": "Who visited the #1 while the protests were taking place?",
"answer": "Gorbachev",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 24991,
"question": "What went down after #2 departed from the Kremlin?",
"answer": "Soviet flag",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Soviet flag | [
"USSR",
"Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Soviet Union"
] | true | What went down after the Soviet President visiting the country of origin of Ethella Chupryk while the protests were taking place departed from the Kremlin? |
2hop__30390_92972 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was \"absolutely besotted\" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was \"amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life.\" The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: \"I've just had the happiest day of my life.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Karl Popper",
"paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the \"Law and Society\" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Suicide of Jason Altom",
"paragraph_text": "Jason Altom (6 October 1971 – 15 August 1998) was a Ph.D. student working in the research group of Nobel laureate Elias James Corey at Harvard University. He killed himself by taking potassium cyanide in 1998, citing in his suicide note \"abusive research supervisors\" as one reason for taking his life. Altom was studying a complex natural product and felt enormous pressure to finish the molecule before starting his academic career.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade long deflationary depression in Britain dating from Churchill's decision in 1925 to return Britain to the gold standard at the old pre-war, pre-inflationary par was the public policy backdrop for Hayek's single public engagement with Keynes over British monetary and fiscal policy, otherwise Hayek and Keynes agreed on many theoretical matters, and their economic disagreements were fundamentally theoretical, having to do almost exclusively with the relation of the economics of extending the length of production to the economics of labour inputs.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Supply-side economics",
"paragraph_text": " a major recent example.\nTax reduction, to provide incentives to work, invest and take risks. Lowering income tax rates and eliminating or lowering tariffs are examples of such policies.\nInvestments in new capital equipment and research and development (R&D), to further improve productivity. Allowing businesses to depreciate capital equipment more rapidly (e.g., over oneSupply - side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation. According to supply - side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices and employment will increase. It was started by economist Robert Mundell during the Ronald Reagan administration. supply, as opposed to aggregate demand, thereby expanding output and employment while lowering prices. Such policies are of several general varieties:\n\nInvestments in human capital, such as education, healthcare, and encouraging the transfer of technologies and business processes, to improve productivity (output per worker). Encouraging globalized free trade",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Aftermath of World War II",
"paragraph_text": " aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved. Four empires collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished, new ones were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organizationsAt the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the ``European Recovery Program '', which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948 -- 1952 the United States government allocated US $13 billion (US $139 billion in 2016 dollars) for the reconstruction of Western Europe.At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the ``European Recovery Program '', which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948 -- 1952 the United States government allocated US $13 billion (US $139 billion in 2016 dollars) for the reconstruction of Western Europe.The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved. Four empires collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished, new ones were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organizations were established, and many new and old ideologies took a firm hold in people's minds. Additionally, culture in the nations involved was greatly changed. World War I also had the effect of bringing political transformation to most of the principal parties involved in the conflict, transforming them into electoral democracies by bringing near-universal suffrage for the first time in history, as in Germany (1919 German federal election), Great Britain (1918 United Kingdom general",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": " use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources canFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his \"pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | During the war in which Hayek began his work on Abuse of Reason, what was one of the economic impacts? | [
{
"id": 30390,
"question": "When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?",
"answer": "During World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 92972,
"question": "what was an economic effect of #1",
"answer": "much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed | [] | true | What was an economic effect of the war during which Hayek started working on Abuse of Reason? |
3hop2__67618_30587_44003 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nambucca River",
"paragraph_text": " River rises below Killiekrankie Mountain on the Dorrigo Plateau, part of the Great Dividing Range, and flows generally east southeast, joined by four tributaries including Taylors Arm, before reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean, at Nambucca Heads. The river descends over its course; adjacent to the towns of Bowraville, Macksville and Nambucca Heads.The NNambucca River rises below Killiekrankie Mountain on the Dorrigo Plateau, part of the Great Dividing Range, and flows generally east southeast, joined by four tributaries including Taylors Arm, before reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean, at Nambucca Heads. The river descends over its course; adjacent to the towns of Bowraville, Macksville and Nambucca Heads.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Toad River",
"paragraph_text": "The Toad River flows generally north and northeast, passing through Muncho Lake Provincial Park, to join the Liard River. The Liard River is a tributary of the Mackenzie River, which empties into the Arctic Ocean. The community of Toad River, British Columbia is located in the lower reaches of the river where it is crossed by the Alaska Highway, near the Liard..5 in) long and is the largest toad in the United States apart from the non-native cane toad (Rhinella marina). It has a smooth, leathery skin and is olive green or mottled brown",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Columbia River",
"paragraph_text": " the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south intoThe Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Hampton Beach State Park",
"paragraph_text": "Hampton Beach State Park is a state park in the community of Hampton Beach, New Hampshire, United States. It is located on the southeastern edge of New Hampshire on a peninsula where the Hampton River meets the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Boulevard (New Hampshire Route 1A) forms the western edge of the park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Moche River",
"paragraph_text": "The Moche River is one of the rivers of the Pacific Ocean slope, located in the northern coast of Peru, in La Libertad Region. On both sides of this river is the milenary Moche Valley. The Moche river goes through east to west the metropolitan area of Trujillo and its mouth is located in the Pacific Ocean in the limits of Moche and Victor Larco both towns of Trujillo city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth - largest drainage basin (``watershed ''or`` catchment''). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km), including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Woorim, Queensland",
"paragraph_text": "Woorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. In the , the suburb recorded a population of 1,765 persons, with a median age of 53 years.Woorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. In the , the suburb recorded a population of 1,765 persons, with a median age of 53 years.Woorim is a suburb of the Moreton Bay Region in Queensland, Australia on the eastern, or ocean, side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. In the , the suburb recorded a population",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cape of Good Hope",
"paragraph_text": "A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometres (90 mi) to the east - southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm - water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanA common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometres (90 mi) to the east - southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm - water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ohlanga River",
"paragraph_text": "The Ohlanga River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which empties into the Indian Ocean just north of Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, north of Durban. The river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the Mdloti River. Presently this river is part of the Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Athabasca River",
"paragraph_text": "The Athabasca River travels before draining into the Peace-Athabasca Delta near Lake Athabasca south of Fort Chipewyan. From there, its waters flow north as Rivière des Rochers, then joining the Peace River to form the Slave River that empties into Great Slave Lake and discharges through the Mackenzie River system into the Arctic Ocean. The cumulative drainage area is .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Garonne",
"paragraph_text": "The Garonne follows the Aran Valley northwards into France, flowing via Toulouse and Agen towards Bordeaux, where it meets the Gironde estuary. The Gironde flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay). Along its course, the Garonne is joined by three other major rivers: the Ariège, the Tarn, and the Lot. Just after Bordeaux, the Garonne meets the Dordogne at the Bec d'Ambès, forming the Gironde estuary, which after approximately empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Other tributaries include the Save and the Gers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bullards Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Bullards Bridge (or simply Bullards Bridge) is a vertical-lift bridge that spans the Coquille River near where the river empties into the Pacific Ocean, just north of Bandon, Oregon, United States. One of only two vertical-lift bridges on the Oregon Coast Highway (U.S. Route 101), it was completed in 1954. The lift span is flanked by two camelback truss spans. It is located immediately east of Bullards Beach State Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Columbia River",
"paragraph_text": "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Where is the convergence of the sea next to Miami and the marine area into which the Mississippi River drains? | [
{
"id": 67618,
"question": "where does the mississippi river empty into the ocean",
"answer": "the Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 30587,
"question": "What ocean is Miami adjacent to?",
"answer": "Atlantic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 44003,
"question": "where does the #2 meet #1",
"answer": "through the Florida Straits",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | through the Florida Straits | [
"FL",
"Florida"
] | true | Where does the ocean adjacent to Miami meet the body of water where the Mississippi River empties into the sea? |
2hop__146919_29244 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Marcel Bich",
"paragraph_text": "Marcel Bich (; Turin, 29 July 1914 – Paris, 30 May 1994) was a manufacturer and co-founder of Bic, the world's leading producer of ballpoint pens.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Leonardo da Vinci International Airport (Italian: Fiumicino -- Aeroporto Internazionale Leonardo da Vinci) (IATA: FCO, ICAO: LIRF) or simply Rome Fiumicino Airport, also known as just Fiumicino Airport, is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with 41.7 million passengers served in 2016. It is located in Fiumicino, 18.9 nautical miles (35.0 km; 21.7 mi) west of Rome's historic city centre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "In 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines. Miami International is the busiest airport in Florida, and is the United States' second-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, and is the seventh-largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "London",
"paragraph_text": "London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these.London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport; major commercial airports at Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports.Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda\", Acehnese: \"Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda\"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh\") isSultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda\", Acehnese: \"Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda\"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh\") is the airport located 13,5 kilometres southeast of the capital of Aceh province, Banda Aceh. It is named after the twelfth sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. This airport was formerly called Blangbintang Airport (Indonesian: Bandara Blangbintang), referred to its location in a subdistrict with same name. This airport is listed as the 23rd busiest airport in Indonesia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Montana",
"paragraph_text": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX, FAA LID: PHX) is a civil - military public airport 3 miles (2.6 nmi; 4.8 km) southeast of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport, and among the largest commercial airports in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Calicut International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Calicut International Airport , also known as Karipur Airport, is an international airport serving the cities of Kozhikode and Malappuram in Kerala, India. The airport opened on 13 April 1988. It is located in Karipur, about from Kozhikode and from Malappuram. The airport serves as an operating base for Air India Express. It was the twelfth-busiest airport in India in terms of overall passenger traffic. It is the third-busiest airport in Kerala after Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. It was given international airport status on 2 February 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station. Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passengerThe City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Jones Airport is one of the busiest in the United States. In 2005, it had 347,000 operations,Jones Airport is one of the busiest in the United States. In 2005, it had 347,000 operations, enough to rank it fourth among general aviation (GA) airports and thirtieth among all airports, according to a 2007 FAA report. It also was the busiest in Oklahoma, outranking both Will Rogers World Airport and Tulsa International.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Central Wisconsin Airport",
"paragraph_text": "Central Wisconsin Airport , referred to as \"C-Way\", is a public airport located southeast of the central business district of Mosinee, in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is owned by Marathon County and Portage County. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. It is the fifth busiest of eight commercial airports in Wisconsin in terms of passengers served.3–2027, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. It is the fifth busiest of eight commercial airports in Wisconsin in terms of passengers served.\nThe",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Paris",
"paragraph_text": " of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2,Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which airport in Marcel Bich's city of death experiences the highest amount of traffic? | [
{
"id": 146919,
"question": "Where did Marcel Bich live when he died?",
"answer": "Paris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 29244,
"question": "What is the busiest airport in #1 ?",
"answer": "Charles de Gaulle Airport",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Charles de Gaulle Airport | [] | true | What is the busiest airport in the city where Marcel Bich died? |
2hop__46862_68042 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kansas–Nebraska Act",
"paragraph_text": "The Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South.The Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and WhThe Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Nájera",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Nájera, also known as the Battle of Navarrete, was fought on 3 April 1367 near Nájera, in the province of La Rioja, Castile. It was an episode of the first Castilian Civil War which confronted King Peter of Castile with his half-brother Count Henry of Trastámara who aspired to the throne; the war involved Castile in the Hundred Years' War. Castilian naval power, far superior to that of France or England, encouraged the two polities to take sides in the civil war, to gain control over the Castilian fleet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "James Buchanan",
"paragraph_text": "James Buchanan Jr. (/ bjuːˈkænən /; April 23, 1791 -- June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857 -- 61), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. Historians fault him for his failure to address the issue of slavery, bringing the nation to the brink of the Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of State and had served in the Senate and House of Representatives before becoming president.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Springfield Model 1861",
"paragraph_text": "The Springfield Model 1861 was a Minié-type rifled musket shoulder-arm used by the United States Army and Marine Corps during the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as the \"Springfield\" (after its original place of production, Springfield, Massachusetts), it was the most widely used U.S. Army weapon during the Civil War, favored for its range, accuracy, and reliability.The Springfield Model 1861 was a Minié-type rifled musket shoulder-arm used by the United States Army and Marine Corps during the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as the \"Springfield\" (after its original place of production, Springfield, Massachusetts), it was the most",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": " control, and the Central Control Commission, responsible for controlling party discipline. The Party Control Committee oversaw the party discipline of the Party members and candidate Party members in terms of their observance of the programme and regulations of the Party, state discipline and Party ethics. It administered punishments, including expThe Party Control Committee oversaw the party discipline of the Party members and candidate Party members in terms of their observance of the programme and regulations of the Party, state discipline and Party ethics. It administered punishments, including expulsions from the Party. The Party Control Committee also considered the appeals of Party members punished by their local Party organizations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Zebulon Baird Vance",
"paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2010 United States House of Representatives elections",
"paragraph_text": "Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2002 United States House of Representatives elections",
"paragraph_text": "The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998).The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998).The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "First Indochina War",
"paragraph_text": "Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.Then the U.S. government gradually beganThen the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "History of the Kuomintang",
"paragraph_text": "The Kuomintang (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Initials: KMT or GMD) is a Chinese political party that ruled China 1927 -- 48 and then moved to Taiwan. The name translates as ``China's National People's Party ''and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The Party was initially founded on August 25, 1912, by Sun Yat - sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10th 1919, again led by Sun Yat - sen, and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death, the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai - shek. Though the KMT lost the civil war with the Communist Party of China in 1949, the party took control of Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution",
"paragraph_text": "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Democratic Party of Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "The Democratic Party of Oregon, based in Portland, is the official Oregon affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. It is recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party, along with the Oregon Republican Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. After Oregon was admitted into the Union in 1859, the Democratic party controlled the state. Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections for governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and congressmen. The party holds 38 members in the State House that has 60 representatives total, and 18 members in the State Senate, out of 30 delegates total. The party also holds the Governor's office (Kate Brown), Attorney General (Ellen Rosenblum), Labor Commissioner (Val Hoyle), and State Treasurer (Tobias Read). The Democrats also have both U.S senate positions in their state and send four of the five U.S House representatives from Oregon to D.C.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Reconstruction era",
"paragraph_text": "Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson both took moderate positions designed to bring the South back into the union as quickly as possible, while Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans, including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, while curtailing the rights of former Confederates, such as through the provisions of the Wade -- Davis Bill. Johnson followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates. Lincoln's last speeches show that he was leaning toward supporting the enfranchisement of all freedmen, whereas Johnson was opposed to this.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Majority leader",
"paragraph_text": "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the House come under the control of the political party that advocated for severe punishment for the southern states following the Civil War? | [
{
"id": 46862,
"question": "political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after civil war",
"answer": "Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 68042,
"question": "when did the #1 gain control of the house",
"answer": "the 2010 election",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | the 2010 election | [] | true | When did the political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after the Civil War, gain control of the House? |
2hop__9285_42311 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "achta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "itions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the HabsburgThe Polish term \"szlachta\" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as \"nobilitas\" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "burg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or theThe szlachta ([ˈʂlaxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Arthur Moore Lascelles",
"paragraph_text": " VC MC (12 October 1880 – 7 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Uppingham School and attended the University of Edinburgh but abandoned his medical studies in 1902 and emigrated to South Africa.ArArthur Moore Lascelles VC MC (12 October 1880 – 7 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Uppingham School and attended the University of Edinburgh but abandoned his medical studies in 1902 and emigrated to South Africa.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Imperial College London",
"paragraph_text": "In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research. by Queen Elizabeth II. Formerly a constituent college of the University of London, Imperial became an independent university in 2007. \nThe Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments. Students are encouraged",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "David Xavier Cifu",
"paragraph_text": "David Xavier Cifu (born July 17, 1962, New York City, New York) is an American physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator. He is the Associate Dean for Innovation and System Integration in the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, theDavid Xavier Cifu (born July 17, 1962, New York City, New York) is an American physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator. He is the Associate Dean for Innovation and System Integration in the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, the chairman and Herman J. Flax M.D. Professor of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, Virginia, staff physiatrist at the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (HHM-VAMC), founding director of the VCU-Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering and senior TBI specialist in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Medical College of Georgia",
"paragraph_text": "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Siddhartha Medical College",
"paragraph_text": "Siddhartha Medical College is a medical school in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the reputed medical schools providing undergraduate and graduate medical education in AP. Its address is Siddhartha Medical College, Gunadala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520008 India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" (Latin: \"I accept nothing new except by common consent\"). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run \"Commonwealth\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Harvard University",
"paragraph_text": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston and the medical, dental, and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard's $37.6 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "University of Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to \"nobility\". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the name of the biggest medical school in the commonwealth that was commonly known for its nobility? | [
{
"id": 9285,
"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 42311,
"question": "What is the largest medical school in #1 ?",
"answer": "Medical University of Warsaw",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Medical University of Warsaw | [] | true | What's the largest med school in what was the nobilities commonwealth? |
3hop1__17192_78396_157843 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto - Burman - speaking Pyu city - states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British took over the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo - Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar was granted independence in 1948, as a democratic nation. Following a coup d'état in 1962, it became a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the \"Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma\" to the \"Union of Myanmar\" in 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Myo Min Zaw",
"paragraph_text": "Myo Min Zaw studied English at the University of Yangon, where he became active in the pro-democracy group All Burma Federation of Student Unions (ABFSU). In December 1996, he participated in a student protest, and following the closing of Burma's universities, remaining involved in the pro-democracy movement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Cracker Barrel",
"paragraph_text": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 18, 2012, the chain operates 639 stores in 43 states.45 states.\nCracker Barrel's menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine, with appearance and decor designed to resemble an old-fashioned general store. Each",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1223",
"paragraph_text": "), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 July 1999.The Council then reUnited Nations Security Council resolution 1223, adopted unanimously on 28 January 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on Israel and Lebanon including 501 (1982), 508 (1982), 509 (1982) and 520 (1982) as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) approved in 426 (1978), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 July 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Northern Region, Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "Northern Nigeria was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962 it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Third Anglo-Burmese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Third Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the Third Burma War, was a conflict that took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the British. The war saw the loss of sovereignty of an independent Burma under the Konbaung dynasty, whose rule had already been reduced to the territory known as Upper Burma, the region of Lower Burma having been annexed by the British in 1853, as a result of the Second Anglo-Burmese War.�, romanized: Tatiya Anggalip–Mran cac), also known as the Third Burma War, took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the Burma was annexed by the British on January 1, 1886. Critics of the war consider the timing of the annexation to be strong proof of what the British motives really were",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of Israel",
"paragraph_text": "A Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the British a Mandate to rule Palestine which was to be turned into a Jewish National Home. A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the formerA Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the British a Mandate to rule Palestine which was to be turned into a Jewish National Home. A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the former Ottoman territories and sought to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine, leading to growing Arab -- Jewish tensions. Israeli independence in 1948 was marked by massive migration of Jews from Europe, a Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, followed by the Arab -- Israeli conflict. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "In English, the country is popularly known as either \"Burma\" or \"Myanmar\" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from \"Bamar\", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Dai",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": " of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treatThe Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier. Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Official List",
"paragraph_text": "The Official List is a list of securities issued by companies for the purpose of those securities being traded on a UK regulated market for the instruments listed in Section B of the Annex to the Investment Services Directive. An example of a UK regulated market is the London Stock Exchange's Main Market.The Official List is a list of securities issued by companies for the purpose of those securities being traded on a UK regulated market for the instruments listed in Section B of the Annex to the Investment Services Directive. An example of a UK regulated market is the London Stock Exchange's Main Market.The Official List (or UKLA Official List) is the list of securities maintained by the British Financial Conduct Authority (acting in its capacity as the UK Listing Authority). The list indicates the listing category of the listed securities and if they have a premium listing or standard listing.\nThe Official List is a list of securities",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Upper Mesa Falls",
"paragraph_text": "Upper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Upstream from Lower Mesa Falls, it is roughly away from Ashton, Idaho.Upper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Upstream from Lower Mesa Falls, it is roughly away from Ashton, Idaho.Upper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Upstream from Lower Mesa Falls, it is roughly away from Ashton, Idaho.Upper Mesa FallsUpper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Upstream from Lower Mesa Falls, it is roughly away from Ashton, Idaho.Upper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Upstream from Lower Mesa Falls, it is roughly away from Ashton, Idaho.Upper Mesa Falls is a waterfall on the Henrys Fork in the Carib",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": ". (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22).In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange JointEarly civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British conquered Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": "The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom () was the kingdom that ruled Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757. The kingdom grew out of a rebellion by the Mon people, who then formed the majority in Lower Burma, against the Burman Toungoo Dynasty of Ava in Upper Burma. The rebellion succeeded in restoring the fallen Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy, which ruled Lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. Supported by the French, the upstart kingdom quickly carved out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continued its push northward. In March 1752, its forces captured Ava, and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What year was Lower Burma annexed by the entity that controlled the region responsible for securing southern Lebanon in 1978 before it achieved nationhood? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 78396,
"question": "who owned #1 before it became a country",
"answer": "the British",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 157843,
"question": "When did Lower Burma fall subject to annexation by the #2 ?",
"answer": "1853",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 1853 | [] | true | When was Lower Burma annexed by the country that owned the region that secured southern Lebanon in 1978, before it became a nation? |
3hop1__49610_89752_75165 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. The plot features a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War wherein a theonomic,The Handmaid's Tale Genre Drama Dystopian fiction Created by Bruce Miller Based on The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood Starring Elisabeth Moss Joseph Fiennes Yvonne Strahovski Alexis Bledel Madeline Brewer Ann Dowd O.T. Fagbenle Max Minghella Samira Wiley Amanda Brugel Composer (s) Adam Taylor Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 23 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Bruce Miller Warren Littlefield Reed Morano Daniel Wilson Fran Sears Ilene Chaiken Producer (s) Margaret Atwood Elisabeth Moss Production location (s) Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Cambridge, Ontario Vaughan, Ontario Running time 47 -- 63 minutes Production company (s) Daniel Wilson Productions, Inc. The Littlefield Company White Oak Pictures MGM Television Release Original network Hulu Original release April 26, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 26) -- present (present) External links Website",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mississippi",
"paragraph_text": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Yvonne Strahovski",
"paragraph_text": "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski (born 30 July 1982), known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski (), is an Australian actress. She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC spy drama series Chuck (2007–2012), Hannah McKay in the Showtime drama series Dexter (2012–2013), and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox event series 24: Live Another Day (2014). She currently stars as Serena Joy Waterford in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale (2017–present), for which she has received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is an American web television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016. The plot follows a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War where women, called ``Handmaids '', are forced into sexual and child - bearing servitude.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Last Crossing",
"paragraph_text": "A rethinking of the genre of the \"western\", \"The Last Crossing\" is a tale of interwoven lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from England to the United States and the Canadian west. lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from England to the United States and the Canadian west.\n\n\n== Awards and nominations ==\nThe Last Crossing was one of the selected books in the 2004 edition of Canada Reads, championed by musician Jim Cuddy. The Last Crossing eventually won the competition.\nNominated, International Dublin Literary Award (2004)\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Last Crossing at McClelland & Stewart\nIMPAC Dublin Literary Award citation for The Last CrossingThe Last Crossing is a novel by Canadian writer Guy Vanderhaeghe. It wasA rethinking of the genre of the \"western\", \"The Last Crossing\" is a tale of interwoven lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from England to the United States and the Canadian west.The Last Crossing is a novel by Canadian writer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Maine",
"paragraph_text": "State of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language None Spoken languages English: 92% French: 5% Other: ≤ 3% Demonym Mainer Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Largest metro Greater Portland Area Ranked 39th Total 35,385 sq mi (91,646 km) Width 210 miles (338 km) Length 320 miles (515 km)% water 13.5 Latitude 42 ° 58 �� N to 47 ° 28 �� N Longitude 66 ° 57 �� W to 71 ° 5 �� W Population Ranked 42ndState of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language None Spoken languages English: 92% French: 5% Other: ≤ 3% Demonym Mainer Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Largest metro Greater Portland Area Ranked 39th Total 35,385 sq mi (91,646 km) Width 210 miles (338 km) Length 320 miles (515 km)% water 13.5 Latitude 42 ° 58 ′ N to 47 ° 28 ′ N Longitude 66 ° 57 ′ W to 71 ° 5 ′ W Population Ranked 42nd Total 1,335,907 (2017 est.) Density 43.0 / sq mi (16.6 / km) Ranked 38th Median household income $50,756 (40th) Elevation Highest point Mount Katahdin 5,270 ft (1606.4 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood District of Maine (Massachusetts) Admission to Union March 15, 1820 (23rd) Governor Paul LePage (R) President of the Senate Michael Thibodeau (R) Legislature Maine Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Susan Collins (R) Angus King (I) U.S. House delegation Chellie Pingree (D) Bruce Poliquin (R) (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - ME Abbreviations ME, Me. Website www.maine.gov",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "New England",
"paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Catholic Church in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. With 70.4 million members, it is the largest religious denomination in the United States, comprising 22% of the population as of 2017. The United States has the fourth largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, the largest Catholic minority population, and the largest English - speaking Catholic population. The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government, the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence. The novel's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, which is a series of connected stories (``The Merchant's Tale '',`` The Parson's Tale'', etc.).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Milam, Texas",
"paragraph_text": "Milam is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sabine County, Texas, United States. It is located along the Sabine River at the junction of Highway 87 and Highway 21. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census. Milam is the largest city in Sabine County.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian state resembling a theonomy, which has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Elisabeth Moss",
"paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Singleton Moss (born July 24, 1982) is an American actor. She is known for her roles as Zoey Bartlet, the youngest daughter of President Josiah Bartlet, on the NBC television series The West Wing (1999 -- 2006); Peggy Olson, secretary - turned - copywriter, on the AMC series Mad Men (2007 -- 2015), which earned her six Emmy Awards nominations and a Golden Globe nomination; Det. Robin Griffin in the BBC miniseries Top of the Lake (2013, 2017), which won her a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Film; and Offred on the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series as a producer.Elisabeth Singleton Moss (born July 24, 1982) is an American actor. She is known for her roles as Zoey Bartlet, the youngest daughter of President Josiah Bartlet,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Seventeen (Tarkington novel)",
"paragraph_text": "eventeen: A Tale of Youth and Summer Time and the Baxter Family Especially William is a humorous novel by Booth Tarkington that gently satirizes first love, in the person of a callow 17Seventeen: A Tale of Youth and Summer Time and the Baxter Family Especially William is a humorous novel by Booth Tarkington that gently satirizes first love, in the person of a callow 17-year-old, William Sylvanus Baxter. \"Seventeen\" takes place in a small city in the Midwestern United States shortly before World War I. It was published as sketches in the \"Metropolitan Magazine\" in 1914, and collected in a single volume in 1916, when it was the bestselling novel in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What's the population count in the biggest state where The Handmaid's Tale takes place? | [
{
"id": 49610,
"question": "where does the handmaid's tale take place hulu",
"answer": "New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 89752,
"question": "what is the largest state in #1",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 75165,
"question": "what is the population of the state of #2",
"answer": "1,335,907",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1,335,907 | [] | true | What is the population of the largest state where The Handmaid's Tale is set? |
3hop1__145427_106426_157788 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Galle railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Galle railway station is a railway station in the southern city of Galle in Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-run railway operator, the station is part of the Coast Line, which links Sri Lanka's south coast with the Colombo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Yangmok Station",
"paragraph_text": "Yangmok Station is a railway station on the Gyeongbu Line, the most important railway line in South Korea and one of the oldest. It is located between Waegwan Station and Gumi Station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Khanewal Junction railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Khanewal Junction railway station ((Urdu and ) is located in the city of Khanewal, Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a major railway station of Pakistan Railways and the junction of Khanewal-Wazirabad branch railway line. It is the stop of all Express trains except Shalimar Express and Night Coach Express.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe station",
"paragraph_text": "Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe is a railway station in the city of Kassel, in the German state of Hesse. It is the city's most important railway station, as it is connected to the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line, with InterCityExpress services calling at the station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Somerset",
"paragraph_text": "The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as \"heritage\" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet.Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath, and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton. The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions. They had achieved numerous FA",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Selly Oak railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Selly Oak railway station is a railway station in Selly Oak in Birmingham, England, on the Cross-City Line between Redditch, Birmingham and Lichfield.Selly Oak railway station is a railway station in Selly Oak in Birmingham, England, on the Cross-City Line between RedSelly Oak railway station is a railway station in Selly Oak in Birmingham, England, on the Cross-City Line between Redditch, Birmingham and Lichfield.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Republic of the Congo",
"paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Gare de Marmande",
"paragraph_text": "Marmande is a railway station in Marmande, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Bordeaux–Sète railway and Marmande-Mont-de-Marsan railway lines. The station is served by Intercités (long distance, also night train) and TER (local) services operated by SNCF. The Mont-de-Marsan line only runs up to Casteljaloux; the section beyond Casteljaloux has been demolished.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Longest Night in Shanghai",
"paragraph_text": "The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai. It is a rare collaboration between China and Japan.The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Gorakhpur Junction railway station",
"paragraph_text": " On 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur became the world's longest railway platform, after inaugurationThe North east Gorakhpur Railway Station is located in the city of Gorakhpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. The station offers Class A railway station facilities. On 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur became the world's longest railway platform, after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around 1.34 kilometres (0.84 mi).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Luino railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Luino railway station is a border railway station in Italy. It divides the Swiss network (line to Cadenazzo) with the Italian one (line to Milan and line to Oleggio).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Tokyo",
"paragraph_text": "Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has the most extensive urban railway network in the world and an equally extensive network of surface lines. JR East operates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the Yamanote Line loop that circles the center of downtown Tokyo. Two different organizations operate the subway network: the private Tokyo Metro and the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. The Metropolitan Government and private carriers operate bus routes and one tram route. Local, regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at the giant railroad stations, including Tokyo, Shinagawa, and Shinjuku.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Dinmore railway station",
"paragraph_text": "Dinmore railway station is located on the Main line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the suburb of Dinmore in the City of Ipswich.Dinmore railway station is located on the Main line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the suburb of Dinmore in the City of Ipswich.Dinmore railway station is located on the Main line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the suburb of Dinmore in the City of Ipswich.Dinmore railway station is located on the Main line in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "You Wenhui",
"paragraph_text": "You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; bornYou Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway",
"paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Can you name a railway line located in the birthplace of You Wenhui, which is also the nation that staged The Longest Night? | [
{
"id": 145427,
"question": "Which city was the birthplace of You Wenhui?",
"answer": "Shanghai",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 106426,
"question": "Which was the country for The Longest Night in #1 ?",
"answer": "Japan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 157788,
"question": "What is one railway line in #2 ?",
"answer": "Yamanote Line loop",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Yamanote Line loop | [
"Yamanote Line"
] | true | What is one railway line in the country the produced The Longest Night in the city where You Wenhui was born? |
3hop1__68732_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Fredericksburg",
"paragraph_text": "Battle of Fredericksburg Part of the American Civil War Battle of Fredericksburg: the Army of the Potomac crossing the Rappahannock River in the morning of December 13, 1862, by Kurz and Allison (1888) Date December 11 -- 15, 1862 Location Spotsylvania County and Fredericksburg, Virginia 38 ° 17 ′ 58 ''N 77 ° 28 ′ 14'' W / 38.2995 ° N 77.4705 ° W / 38.2995; - 77.4705 Coordinates: 38 ° 17 ′ 58 ''N 77 ° 28 ′ 14'' W / 38.2995 ° N 77.4705 ° W / 38.2995; - 77.4705 Result Confederate victory Belligerents United States (Union) Confederate States Commanders and leaders Ambrose E. Burnside Robert E. Lee Thomas J. Jackson Units involved Army of the Potomac Army of Northern Virginia Strength 122,009 114,000 engaged (estimated) 78,513 72,500 engaged (estimated) Casualties and losses 12,653 1,284 killed 9,600 wounded 1,769 captured / missing 5,377 608 killed 4,116 wounded 653 captured / missing",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sichuan",
"paragraph_text": "Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Tibet",
"paragraph_text": "The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak desolation is unrelieved by any vegetation bigger than a low bush, and where wind sweeps unchecked across vast expanses of arid plain. The Indian monsoon exerts some influence on eastern Tibet. Northern Tibet is subject to high temperatures in the summer and intense cold in the winter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": " in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college isMost of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Ant",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": " MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles DodgersSouthern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Delhi",
"paragraph_text": "Delhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The warm season lasts from 21 March to 15 June with an average daily high temperature above 39 °C (102 °F). The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 40 °C (104 °F) and low of 28 °C (82 °F). The cold season lasts from 26 November to 9 February with an average daily high temperature below 20 °C (68 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 14 °C (57 °F). In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From April to October the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 2 to 47 °C (35.6 to 116.6 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being −2.2 and 48.4 °C (28.0 and 119.1 °F), respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall is approximately 886 mm (34.9 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June. \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {div} \\mathbf {v} =\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf {v} }\n \n\nCurl: \n \n \n \n curl\n ��\n \n v\n \n =\n ��\n ×\n \n v\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {curl} \\mathbf {v} =\\nabla \\times \\mathbf {v} }\n \n\n\n== Definition ==\nDelhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (K",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Climate of California",
"paragraph_text": "During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean temperatures of 75 ° F / 50 ° F / During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean temperatures of 75 ° F / 50 ° F / 63 ° F, (24 ° C / 10 ° C / 17 ° C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean temperatures of 75 ° F / 50 ° F / 63 ° F, (24 ° C / 10 ° C / 17 ° C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.During the cooler winter months (October -- March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 ° F, 22 ° C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 ° F, 11 ° C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high / low / mean",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. RaulstonThe Appalachian Mountains are the coolest area of the state, with temperatures averaging in the low 40s and upper 30s °F (6–3 °C) for highs in the winter and falling into the low 20s °F (−5 °C) or lower on winter nights. Relatively cool summers have temperatures rarely rising above 80 °F (27 °C). Average snowfall in many areas exceeds 30 in (76 cm) per year, and can be heavy at the higher elevations; for example, during the Blizzard of 1993 more than 60 in (152 cm) of snow fell on Mount Mitchell over a period of three days. Mount Mitchell has received snow in every month of the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "Fredericksburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bethel Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 987 at the 2000 census. Fredericksburg was originally called Stumptown after a disreputable settler named Frederick Stump, who founded the town in 1755, and reportedly massacred an encampment of ten inebriated Indians one winter and sent their bodies down the Susquehanna. Fredericksburg was the birthplace of Clayton Mark in 1858. Clayton Mark, the prominent steel magnate, was the founder of the planned worker community of Marktown.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "International Brigades",
"paragraph_text": "The International Brigades also saw combat in the Battle of Teruel in January 1938. The 35th International Division suffered heavily in this battle from aerial bombardment as well as shortages of food, winter clothing and ammunition. The XIV International Brigade fought in the Battle of Ebro in July 1938, the last Republican offensive of the war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Battle of Dinwiddie Court House",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dinwiddie Court House was fought on March 31, 1865, during the American Civil War at the end of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign. Along with the Battle of White Oak Road which was fought simultaneously on March 31, the battle involved the last offensive action by General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia attempting to stop the progress of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James). Grant's forces were moving to cut the remaining Confederate supply lines and to force the Confederates to extend their defensive lines at Petersburg, Virginia and Richmond, Virginia to the breaking point, if not to force them into a decisive open field battle.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What's the typical daytime temperature during winter in Richmond's region, located in the state where Fredericksburg battle took place? | [
{
"id": 68732,
"question": "what state was the battle of fredericksburg fought in",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | upper 40s–lower 50s °F | [] | true | What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region where Richmond is found, in the state where the Battle of Fredericksburg was fought? |
3hop2__11282_57233_56883 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Thing (1982 film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Thing (also known as John Carpenter's The Thing) is a 1982 American science - fiction horror film directed by John Carpenter, written by Bill Lancaster, and starring Kurt Russell. The film's title refers to its primary antagonist: a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that assimilates other organisms and in turn imitates them. The Thing infiltrates an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places. In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus. There was an instituted mandatory conscription of the rural peasantry into the Red Army. Opposition of rural Russians to Red Army conscription units was overcome by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance. Former Tsarist officers were utilized as \"military specialists\" (voenspetsy), taking their families hostage in order to ensure loyalty. At the start of the war, three-fourths of the Red Army officer corps was composed of former Tsarist officers. By its end, 83% of all Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hettangian",
"paragraph_text": "The Hettangian was introduced in the literature by Swiss palaeontologist, Eugène Renevier, in 1864. The stage takes its name from Hettange-Grande, a town in north-eastern France, just south of the border with Luxembourg on the main road from Luxembourg City to Metz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bird migration",
"paragraph_text": "Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake long-distance movements on foot during droughts.The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Harvey Marlatt",
"paragraph_text": "Harvey Marlatt (born August 26, 1948) was a professional basketball player for the Detroit Pistons from 1970-1972. He played in 61 games as a Piston and scored 225 points. Before joining the Pistons, he played basketball for Eastern Michigan UniversityHarvey Marlatt (born August 26, 1948) was a professional basketball player for the Detroit Pistons from 1970-1972. He played in 61 games as a Piston and scored 225 points. Before joining the Pistons, he played basketball for Eastern Michigan University. Marlatt ranks fifth on the all time EMU scoring list with 1680 points scored. He was inducted into the EMU Sports Hall of Fame in 1979.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Things They Carried",
"paragraph_text": "The Things They Carried (1990) is a collection of linked short stories by American novelist Tim O'Brien, about a platoon of American soldiers fighting on the ground in the Vietnam War. His third book about the war, it is based upon his experiences as a soldier in the 23rd Infantry Division.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Conscription in the United Kingdom",
"paragraph_text": "Conscription in the United Kingdom has existed for two periods in modern times. The first was from 1916 to 1920, the second from 1939 to 1960, with the last conscripted soldiers leaving the service in 1963. Known as Military Service from 1916 to 1920, the system of conscription from 1939 to 1960 was called National Service, but between 1939 and 1948, it was often referred to as ``war service ''in documents relating to National Insurance and pension provision.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Airbus A321",
"paragraph_text": "The Airbus A321 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short - to medium - range, narrow - body, commercial passenger twin - engine jet airliners manufactured by Airbus. It was the first derivative of the baseline Airbus A320 aircraft, and carries up to 236 passengers with a maximum range of 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi). Final assembly of the aircraft takes place in Hamburg, Germany, or Mobile, Alabama.The Airbus A321 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short - to medium - range, narrow - body, commercial passenger twin - engine",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "701 series",
"paragraph_text": " Depot\n701-1500 series: 2-car narrow-gauge sets based at Sendai Depot\n701-5000 series: 2-carThe 701 series is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on local services by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Aoimori Railway, and Iwate Galaxy Railway (IGR) in Japan. The design is derived from the 209 series commuter EMU, and was intended to replace locomotive-hauled trains formed of 50 series coaches in the north of Japan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Absorption of water",
"paragraph_text": "Active absorption refers to the absorption of water by roots with the help of ATP, generated by the root respiration: as the root cells actively take part in the process, it is called active absorption. According to Renner, active absorption takes place in low transpiring and well - watered plants, and 4% of total water absorption is carried out in this process. The active absorption is carried out by two theories; active osmotic water absorption and Active non-osmotic water absorption. In this process energy is required.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Stranger Things",
"paragraph_text": "The idea of Stranger Things started with how the brothers felt they could take the concept of the 2013 film Prisoners, detailing the moral struggles a father goes through when his daughter is kidnapped, and expand it out over eight or so hours in a serialized television approach. As they focused on the missing child aspect of the story, they wanted to introduce the idea of ``childlike sensibilities ''they could offer, and toyed around with the idea of a monster that could consume humans. The brothers thought the combination of these things`` was the best thing ever''. To introduce this monster into the narrative, they considered ``bizarre experiments we had read about taking place in the Cold War ''such as Project MKUltra, which gave a way to ground the monster's existence in science rather than something spiritual. This also helped them to decide on using 1983 as the time period, as it was a year before the film Red Dawn came out, which focused on Cold War paranoia. Subsequently, they were able to use all their own personal inspirations from the 1980s, the decade they were born, as elements of the series, crafting it in the realm of science fiction and horror. The Duffer Brothers have cited as influence for the show (among others): Stephen King novels; films produced by Steven Spielberg, John Carpenter, Wes Craven, Robert Zemeckis, George Lucas and Guillermo del Toro; films such as Alien and Stand by Me; Japanese anime such as Akira and Elfen Lied; and video games such as Silent Hill, The Last of Us, and Dark Souls. The Duffer Brothers also believe that they may have brought influences from other works unintentionally, including Beyond the Black Rainbow and D.A.R.Y.L., discovered by reviewing fan feedback on the show.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "United Farmers of Quebec",
"paragraph_text": "The genesis of the organization was in protests resulting from the Conscription Crisis of 1917 against the attempt of Robert Borden's federal government to conscript farm youths into the Canadian military during World War I. Quebec farmers organized a large demonstration on Parliament Hill in Ottawa on May 15, 1918 bringing them into contact with the United Farmers national movement.The genesis of the organization was in protests resulting from the Conscription Crisis of 1917 against the attempt",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Conscription in Australia",
"paragraph_text": " a sortition or lottery draw based on date of birth, and conscripts were obligated to give two yearsIn 1964 compulsory National Service for 20 - year - old males was introduced under the National Service Act (1964). The selection of conscripts was made by a sortition or lottery draw based on date of birth, and conscripts were obligated to give two years' continuous full - time service, followed by a further three years on the active reserve list. The full - time service requirement was reduced to eighteen months in October 1971.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Mulan (1998 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Mulan is a 1998 American animated musical action comedy - drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. It is based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, and was Disney's 36th animated feature. It was directed by Tony Bancroft and Barry Cook, with story by Robert D. San Souci and screenplay by Rita Hsiao, Philip LaZebnik, Chris Sanders, Eugenia Bostwick - Singer, and Raymond Singer. Ming - Na, Eddie Murphy, Miguel Ferrer and B.D. Wong star in the English version, while Jackie Chan provided the voice of Captain Li Shang for the Chinese dubs of the film. The film's plot takes place in China during the Han dynasty, where Fa Mulan, daughter of aged warrior Fa Zhou, impersonates a man to take her father's place during a general conscription to counter a Hun invasion.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Festa Junina",
"paragraph_text": "Festas Juninas (, \"June Festivals\"), also known as festas de São João for their part in celebrating the nativity of St. John the Baptist (June 24), are the annual Brazilian celebrations adapted from European Midsummer that take place in the southern midwinter. These festivities, which were introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial period (1500–1822), are celebrated during the month of June nationwide. The festival is mainly celebrated on the eves of the Catholic solemnities of Saint Anthony, Saint John the Baptist, and Saint Peter.Festas Juninas (, \"June Festivals\"), also known as festas de São João for their part in celebrating the nativity of St. John the Baptist (June 24), are the annual Brazilian celebrations adapted from European Midsummer that take place in the southern midwinter. These festivities, which were introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial period (1500–1822), are celebrated during the month of June nationwide. The festival is mainly celebrated on the eves of the Catholic solemnities of Saint Anthony, Saint John the Baptist, and Saint Peter.Festas Juninas (Portuguese pronunciation: [��f��st��s ��u��nin��s], June Festivals, \"festivities that occur in the month of June\"), also known as festas de São João for their part in celebrating the nativity of St. John the Baptist (June 24), are the annual Brazilian celebrations adapted from European Midsummer that take place in the southern midwinter. These festivities, which were introduced by the Portuguese during the colonial period (1500–1822), are celebrated during the month of June nationwide. The festival is mainly celebrated on the eves of the Catholic solemnities of Saint Anthony, Saint John the Baptist, and Saint Peter.\nSince Northeastern Brazil is largely arid or semi-arid, these festivals not only coincide with the end of the rainy seasons of most states in the northeast, but they also provide people with an opportunity",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what year did the homeland of emu birds, which is mentioned in the war story The Things They Carried, begin to initiate conscription? | [
{
"id": 11282,
"question": "Where are Emus from?",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 57233,
"question": "when does the things they carried take place",
"answer": "the Vietnam War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 56883,
"question": "when was conscription introduced in #1 during #2",
"answer": "1964",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | 1964 | [] | true | The native country of emu birds started conscription. This occurred during the war depicted in The Things They Carried. What year did the draft start? |
3hop1__103890_10659_67187 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "René Souchon",
"paragraph_text": " Souchon (French pronunciation: [��əne su������]; born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006.\nIn the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Souchon endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.\n\n\n== References ==René Souchon (French pronunciation: [��əne su������]; born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006.\nIn the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Souchon endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.\n\n\n== References ==René Souchon (French pronunciation: [��əne su������]; born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (René Souchon (born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006. He is a member of the Socialist Party.René Souchon (French pronunciation: [��əne su����René Souchon (born 12 March 1943 in Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère) is the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006. He is a member of the Socialist Party. regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006.\nIn the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Souchon endorsed Martine Aubry as",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "President of Poland",
"paragraph_text": " September 1939, and then on to London. The transfer from Mościcki to Raczkiewicz was in accordance with Article 24 of the 1935 April Constitution.The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate) under the terms of the 1921 Constitution of Poland. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been ``Chief of State ''(Naczelnik Państwa) under the provisional 1919 Constitution. In 1926, Piłsudski. who was fed up with regional bickering, staged a coup deposed the president and had the National Assembly elect a new one, Ignacy Mościcki, under the thumb of Sanacja. Just before Piłsudski died, parliament passed the 1935 April Constitution of Poland which incorporated Piłsudski's ideals, but was not in accord with the amendment procedures of the 1921 Constitution. Mościcki continued as president until he resigned following the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Mościcki and his government went into exile first into Romania, where Mościcki was interned, then to Angers in France where Władysław Raczkiewicz, at the time the Speaker of the Senate, assumed the presidency following Mościcki's resignation on 29 September 1939, and then on to London. The transfer from Mościcki to Raczkiewicz was in accordance with Article 24 of the 1935 April Constitution.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": " style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outsideHistorical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "1788–89 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1788 -- 89 was the first quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789. It was conducted under the new United States Constitution, which had been ratified earlier in 1788. In the election, George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president, and John Adams became the first vice president.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Adolphe Thiers",
"paragraph_text": "Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Albert Bedouce",
"paragraph_text": "Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945 he joined, with his associate Émile Berlia, the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Nelson Mandela Bridges",
"paragraph_text": "The Nelson Mandela Bridges (French: \"Ponts Nelson-Mandela\") are two twin bridges in France, along the River Seine, between Ivry-sur-Seine and Charenton-le-Pont, where the Seine and the River Marne have their confluence. Initially they were both called the \"\" (\"Confluence Bridge\"), but were renamed for Nelson Mandela, the first democratically elected President of South Africa. They now form part of the D103 and the A4 autoroute.The Nelson Mandela Bridges (French: \"Ponts Nelson-Mandela\") are two twin bridges in France, along the River Seine, between Ivry-sur-Seine and Charenton-le-Pont, where the Seine and the River Marne have their confluence. Initially they",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Constituent Assembly of India",
"paragraph_text": ". The total membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389 of which 292 were representatives of the provinces, 93 represented the princely states and 4 were from the chief commissioner provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg and British Baluchistan.\nUnlike previous9 December 1946: The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the constitution hall (now the Central Hall of Parliament House). Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected temporary president of the assembly, in accordance with French practice. 11 December 1946: Rajendra Prasad was elected as president and H.C. Mukherjee was elected as vice-president of the constituent assembly. B.N. Rau was appointed as its constitutional adviser. 13 December 1946: An 'Objective Resolution' was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the assembly, laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. It finally became the Preamble of the constitution. 22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted. 22 July 1947: National flag adopted. 15 August 1947: Indian independence achieved as the Dominion of India. 29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the Chairman. 16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V.T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly. 26 November 1949: Constitution passed and accepted by the assembly. 24 January 1950: ``Jana Gana Mana ''adopted as the national anthem, with the first two verses of`` Vande Mataram'' the national song. Rajendra Prasad elected the first president of India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Regensburg Synagogue",
"paragraph_text": "The original Regensburg Synagogue, erected between 1210 and 1227, was an edifice in Old Romanesque style in Regensburg, southern Germany, on the site of the former Jewish hospital, in the center of the ghetto, where the present Neue Pfarre stands. Two etchings made by Albrecht Altdorfer of the synagogue shortly before it was destroyed on February 22, 1519, provide the first portrait of an actual architectural monument in European printmaking. In 1519 following the death of Emperor Maximilian, who had long been a protector of the Jews in the imperial cities, extracting from them substantial taxes in exchange, the city of Regensburg, which blamed its economic troubles on its prosperous Jewish community, expelled the 500 Jews. The Jews themselves had demolished the interior of their venerable synagogue, on the site of which a chapel was built in honor of the Virgin. According to a chronicle the exiles settled, under the protection of the Duke of Bavaria, on the opposite bank of the Danube, in Stadt-am-Hof, and in villages in the vicinity; from these they were expelled in the course of the same century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Battle of Fornovo",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fornovo took place southwest of the city of Parma on 6 July 1495. The Holy League, an alliance comprising notably the Republic of Venice, was able to temporarily expel the French from the Italian Peninsula. It was the first major battle of the Italian Wars.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jean-Pierre Bel",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ágnes Konkoly",
"paragraph_text": "Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which individual was the inaugural elected leader of the nation that, in addition to the country of Ágnes Konkoly's origin, became a refuge for many French Jews who were driven out? | [
{
"id": 103890,
"question": "Where was Ágnes Konkoly from?",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #1 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 67187,
"question": "who was the first elected president of #2",
"answer": "Gabriel Narutowicz",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Gabriel Narutowicz | [] | true | Who was the first elected president of the country where, along with the nation where Ágnes Konkoly is from, many expelled French Jews relocated to? |
3hop2__104979_23308_28343 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bolillo",
"paragraph_text": "A bolillo () or pan francés (meaning \"French bread\") is a type of savory bread traditionally made in Mexico, but also made in Central America. It is a variation of the baguette, but shorter in length and is often baked in a stone oven. Brought to Mexico City in the 1860s by Emperor Maximilian's troupe of cooks, its use quickly spread throughout the country.A bolillo () or pan francés (meaning \"French bread\") is a type of savory bread traditionally made in Mexico, but also made in Central America. It is a variation",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "I'm Leaving (Aaron Tippin song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"I'm Leaving\" is a song written by Aaron Barker, Ron Harbin and L. David Lewis, and recorded by American country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was released\"I'm Leaving\" is a song written by Aaron Barker, Ron Harbin and L. David Lewis, and recorded by American country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was released in January 1999 as the second single from the album \"What This Country Needs\". The song reached number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 87 on the Billboard 100. It also reached number 37 on the Canadian Country chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Wreckers",
"paragraph_text": "The Wreckers were an American country duo formed in 2005 by Michelle Branch and Jessica Harp, both of whom had solo recordings before the duo's foundation. In 2006, the duo released its debut album \"Stand Still, Look Pretty\", which produced a Number One single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs in its lead-off single \"Leave the Pieces\". The album accounted for a Top Ten hit on the same chart in \"My, Oh My\" as well. After its release, both Branch and Harp returned to being solo singers. Harp has since had Top 40 country success of her own with the single \"Boy Like Me\". Music career ==\n\n\n=== Career success: Stand Still, Look Pretty ===\nIn 2005, Michelle Branch recruited her longtime friend and backing vocalist Jessica Harp on a new musical venture, incorporating elements from both Branch's pop-rock style and Harp's country style",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ride (Shelly Fairchild album)",
"paragraph_text": "Ride is the debut album of American country music artist Shelly Fairchild, released in March 2005 (see 2005 in country music) on Columbia Records. It includes the singles \"You Don't Lie Here Anymore\", \"Tiny Town\"Ride is the debut album of American country music artist Shelly Fairchild, released in March 2005 (see 2005 in country music) on Columbia Records. It includes the singles \"You Don't Lie Here Anymore\", \"Tiny Town\" and \"Kiss Me\". Although \"You Don't Lie Here Anymore\" reached #35 on the U.S. country singles charts in late 2004, the other two singles failed to chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "If You Leave Me Tonight I'll Cry",
"paragraph_text": "\"If You Leave Me Tonight I'll Cry\" is a song made famous by country music singer Jerry Wallace. Originally released in 1972, the song was the only number-one song during Wallace's recording career.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Real Man",
"paragraph_text": "Real Man is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Billy Dean. It was released August 25, 1998 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes two singles: the title track and \"Innocent Bystander\", which respectively reached #33 and #68 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" country singles charts. Dean co-produced the album with David Gates, formerly of Bread, and co-wrote several of its songs with him. \"Voices Singing,\" features the St. Nicholas School Children's Choir of Chattanooga, as well as Dean's son, Eli.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jacky Ward",
"paragraph_text": "Jacky Ward (born November 18, 1946, Groveton, Texas, United States) is an American country music artist. Between 1972 and 1982 he released four albums with Mercury Records, and charted more than fifteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs charts. His highest-peaking single, \"A Lover's Question\", reached No. 3 on the charts in 1978. In Ward's career, he recorded three duets with Reba McEntire, including McEntire's first Top 40 country hit, \"Three Sheets in the Wind\". After leaving Mercury in the early 1980s, Ward briefly signed to Asylum Records, releasing a cover of Ricky Nelson's \"Travelin' Man\" that year. Although he released four singles for the label, Ward never issued an album on Asylum, and left the country music business in the late 1980s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of \"Afghan Arab\" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Familiar Stranger (Mark Wills album)",
"paragraph_text": "Familiar Stranger is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Mark Wills. Originally recorded for Equity Music Group, it was released on November 4, 2008 by Tenacity Records. While signed to Equity, Wills released three singles: \"Hank\", \"Take It All Out on Me\" and \"Days of Thunder\", all of which reached the lower regions of the \"Billboard\" country charts. (\"Hank\" was never included on an album.) After \"Days of Thunder\", Wills exited the label. He then signed to Tenacity, who released \"The Things We Forget\" as its third single, then released the album itself in late 2008. \"Entertaining Angels\" was then issued as the fourth single in early 2009. The fifth single, \"Crazy White Boy,\" was released in late 2009. The latter three failed to enter the country charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Nobody to Blame",
"paragraph_text": "``Nobody to Blame ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Chris Stapleton. The song was released in November 2015 as the singer's third single overall. Stapleton co-wrote the song with Barry Bales and Ronnie Bowman. It became Stapleton's first top 10 single on the US Country Airplay chart.`` Nobody to Blame'' won Song of the Year at the ACM Awards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Southern Rain",
"paragraph_text": "Southern Rain is the sixth studio album by country music artist Billy Ray Cyrus. The album sold 14,000 copies in its first week of release and would go on to sell over 160,000 copies. It produced five singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, including the number 17 \"You Won't Be Lonely Now\". This was his first album for Monument Records after leaving Mercury Records in 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Highly Prized Possession",
"paragraph_text": "Highly Prized Possession is the ninth studio album by Anne Murray, released in November 1974. In the U.S., the album peaked at number 8 on the country album charts and number 70 on the pop albums chart; in Canada, the album reached number 26. Murray's cover of the Beatles' \"Day Tripper\" was released as a single (following her chart success the year before on another Beatles cover \"You Won't See Me\"), and it reached # 59 on the Hot 100, but failed to hit the U.S. Country chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Dollar",
"paragraph_text": "The Dollar is the major-label debut album from American country music artist Jamey Johnson. Released in January 2006 on BNA Records, it features the single \"The Dollar\", which peaked at number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in early 2006. The second single, \"Rebelicious\", failed to chart, due to the merger of BMG and Sony Music Entertainment, and Johnson was dropped from BNA in mid-2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Afghan bread",
"paragraph_text": "نان افغانی), is the national bread of Afghanistan. The bread is oval or rectangular and baked in a tandoor, a cylindrical oven that is the primary cooking equipment of the sub-continental region. The Afghan version of the tandoor sits above ground and is made of bricks, which are heated to cook the bread. The bread, also known as \"naan\", is shaped and then stuck to the interior wall of the oven to bake. It is really similar to the Naan in KPK, Pakistan. Black cumin or caraway seeds are often sprinkled on the bread, as much for decoration as for taste, and lengthwise lines are scored in the dough to add texture to the bread.نان افغانی), is the national bread of Afghanistan. The bread is oval or rectangular and baked in a tandoor, a cylindrical oven that is the primary cooking equipment of the sub-continental region. The Afghan versionنان افغانی), is the national bread of Afghanistan. The bread is oval or rectangular and baked in a tandoor, a cylindrical oven that is the primary cooking equipment of the sub-continental region. The",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": " of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact orBy the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an \"indirect aggression\" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of \"indirect aggression\" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbent",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the soldiers from the nation accused of causing the halt and breakdown of the Three-party talks exit the country renowned for its Afghan bread? | [
{
"id": 104979,
"question": "What country released Afghan bread?",
"answer": "Afghanistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 23308,
"question": "Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to stagnate and fail?",
"answer": "the Soviets",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 28343,
"question": "When did the #2 leave #1 ?",
"answer": "February 1989",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | February 1989 | [] | true | When did the troops of the country blamed for the stagnation and failure of the Tripartite discussion leave the country known for Afghan bread? |
2hop__130508_32379 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Shirley Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "Shirley Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. Shirley Plantation is the oldest active plantation in Virginia and is the oldest family-owned business in North America, dating back to 1614 with operations starting in 1638. The plantation was added to the National Register in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Belvoir (Saffold Plantation)",
"paragraph_text": "Belvoir, also known as the Saffold Plantation, is a historic plantation and plantation house near Pleasant Hill, Alabama, United States. The Greek Revival-style house features a Carolina-type, hexastyle portico with Doric columns. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 2, 1990. November 2, 1990.\n\n\n== History ==\nBelvoir was established as a large forced-labor cotton farm in 1825 by Reuben Saffold II. Saffold was born on September 4, 1788, in Wilkes County, Georgia. He was educated there and began a law practice in Watkinsville, Georgia. He married Mary Evelyn Phillips of Morgan County in 1811. The couple had",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Providence Plantation and Farm",
"paragraph_text": "vidence Plantation and Farm, also known as Fogg House and Farm, is a historic plantation house located near Newtown in King and Queen County, Virginia. The two story, 3-bay Federal style brick main house was built about 1826, and expanded circa 1840. Also on the privately-held property, demonstrating the changes over time as the plantation which once encompassed about 1299 acres shrunk to the listed 6Providence Plantation and Farm, also known as Fogg House and Farm, is a historic plantation house located near Newtown, King and Queen County, Virginia. The main was built about 1826, and altered about 1840. It is a two-story, three bay, brick house with Federal style design influences. Also on the property are the contributing two-story Reconstruction-era granary and carriage house, and Great Depression-era hen laying house, two-story sweet potato shed, and mechanic's shop.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Belle Mina",
"paragraph_text": "Belle Mina, known as Belmina during the 19th century, is a historic plantation and plantation house in Belle Mina, Alabama, United States. Completed in 1826, the Late Georgian-style house was built for Alabama's second governor, Thomas Bibb.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Fairhope Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "Fairhope Plantation is a historic Carpenter Gothic plantation house and historic district, located one mile east of Uniontown, Alabama, USA. The -story wood-framed main house was built in the Gothic Revival style in the late 1850s. The plantation historic district includes six other contributing buildings, in addition to the main house. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on December 19, 1991 and subsequently to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1992, due to its architectural and historical significance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "History of Columbia University",
"paragraph_text": "Columbia University in New York City, United States, was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. The period leading up to the school's founding was marked in controversy, with various groups competing to determine its location and religious affiliation. Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point, while the Church of England prevailed on the latter. However, all constituencies agreed to commit themselves to principles of religious liberty in establishing the policies of the College.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Waverly Plantation (Leon County, Florida)",
"paragraph_text": "Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Borough House Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "Borough House Plantation, also known as Borough House, Hillcrest Plantation and Anderson Place, is an historic plantation on South Carolina Highway 261, north of its intersection with U.S. Route 76/US Route 378 in Stateburg, in the High Hills of Santee near Sumter, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, the plantation is noted as the largest assemblage of high-style pisé (rammed earth) structures in the United States. The main house and six buildings on the plantation were built using this technique, beginning in 1821.Borough House Plantation, also known as Borough House, Hillcrest Plantation and Anderson Place, is an historic plantation on South Carolina Highway 261, north of its intersection with U.S. Route 76/US Route 378 in Stateburg, in the High Hills of Santee near Sumter, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, the plantation is noted as the largest assemblage of high-style pisé (rammed earth) structures in the United States. The main house and six buildings on the plantation were built using this technique, beginning in 1821. The plantation is also notable as the home of Confederate Army General Richard H. Anderson.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "William S. Simmons Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Union Oyster House",
"paragraph_text": "Union Oyster House, open to diners since 1826, is amongst the oldest operating restaurants in the United States of America, and the oldest that has been continuously operating since being opened. It is located at 41 -- 43 Union Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The building was listed as a National Historic Landmark on May 27, 2003.Union Oyster House, open to diners since 1826, is amongst the oldest operating restaurants in the United States of America, and the oldest that has been continuously operating since being opened. It is located at 41",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section ofAs Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial",
"paragraph_text": "Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, in Charlotte County, Virginia near the Town of Brookneal, honors Patrick Henry, the fiery legislator and orator of the American Revolution. Henry bought Red Hill Plantation at his retirement in 1794 and occupied it until 1799, the year of his death. In addition to the main house, Henry used another building as his law office. There were also dependencies and slave quarters on the working 520-acre tobacco plantation. The plantation was located on the Staunton River for transportation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Cuba Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "Cuba Plantation is a historic plantation house located in Faunsdale, Alabama. It was built in 1850 by Andrew Pickens Calhoun as an overseer's house for this, his second plantation. He added about 420 acres to Cuba Plantation, purchased from William Henry Tayloe, son of John Tayloe III of The Octagon House-called Adventure. His primary plantation was the nearby Tulip Hill. Andrew Calhoun was the son of John C. Calhoun, seventh Vice President of the United States, who frequented the Octagon House while in Washington, D.C. as Secretary of War and later an independent outlier of the anti-Jacksonian Whig Party, later realigning himself with the Democrats' policies. It was sold in 1863 to Tristram Benjamin Bethea, who resided in Montgomery County, Alabama. Originally a one-story structure, the house was later enlarged on the ground floor and a second story added by the Bethea family. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1993, as a part of the Plantation Houses of the Alabama Canebrake and Their Associated Outbuildings Multiple Property Submission.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "South Philipsburg, Pennsylvania",
"paragraph_text": "South Philipsburg is a census-designated place (CDP), formerly a borough, located in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 410 at the 2010 census. As of January 1, 2007, the borough government was dissolved and the area reverted to Rush Township.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ayr Mount",
"paragraph_text": "Ayr Mount is a Federal style plantation house located east of Hillsborough, in Orange County, North Carolina, the United States of America.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Which college in the state where Borough House Plantation is located, has been in existence for the longest period of time? | [
{
"id": 130508,
"question": "What state is Borough House Plantation located?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 32379,
"question": "What is the oldest college in #1 ?",
"answer": "College of Charles Towne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | College of Charles Towne | [
"Charles Towne"
] | true | What is the oldest college in the state that contains Borough House Plantation? |
3hop1__23058_20608_36327 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Namibia",
"paragraph_text": "In 2013, global business and financial news provider, Bloomberg, named Namibia the top emerging market economy in Africa and the 13th best in the world. Only four African countries made the Top 20 Emerging Markets list in the March 2013 issue of Bloomberg Markets magazine, and Namibia was rated ahead of Morocco (19th), South Africa (15th) and Zambia (14th). Worldwide, Namibia also fared better than Hungary, Brazil and Mexico. Bloomberg Markets magazine ranked the top 20 based on more than a dozen criteria. The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank. The countries were also rated on areas of particular interest to foreign investors: the ease of doing business, the perceived level of corruption and economic freedom. In order to attract foreign investment, the government has made improvement in reducing red tape resulted from excessive government regulations making the country one of the least bureaucratic places to do business in the region. However, facilitation payments are occasionally demanded by customs due to cumbersome and costly customs procedures. Namibia is also classified as an Upper Middle Income country by the World Bank, and ranks 87th out of 185 economies in terms of ease of doing business.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "American Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States (U.S.) from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Largely as a result of the long - standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861, when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after United States President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": "The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means \"little black people\" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., \"little black person\"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means \"frizzy hair\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Wilder Days",
"paragraph_text": "\"Wilder Days\" is a song written by Michael Bonagura and Craig Bickhardt, and recorded by American country music group Baillie & the Boys. It was released in December 1987 as the third single from the album \"Baillie & the Boys\". The song reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Wilder Days was also recorded by The Ozark Mountain Daredevils on their \"\"Modern History'\", album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Black Friday (shopping)",
"paragraph_text": "Black Friday is an informal name for the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the fourth Thursday of November, which has been regarded as the beginning of the country's Christmas shopping season since 1952.Black Friday is an informal name for the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the fourth Thursday of November, which",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Costa Ricans",
"paragraph_text": "osta Rica (UK: , US: ; Spanish: [��kosta ��rika]; literally \"Rich CoastCosta Ricans (Spanish: Costarricenses), also called Ticos, are from a multiethnic Spanish speaking nation in Central America called Costa Rica. Costa Ricans are predominantly mestizos, whites and castizos (halfway between white and mestizo), but their country is considered a multiethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. As a result, modern - day Costa Ricans do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities. Costa Rica has four small minority groups: Mulattoes, Blacks, Asians, and Amerindians. In addition to the ``Indigenas '', whites, mestizos, blacks and mulattoes, Costa Rica is also home to thousands of Asians. Most of the Chinese and Indians now living in the country are descendants of those that arrived during the 19th century as migrant workers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Emancipation Proclamation",
"paragraph_text": "Emancipation Proclamation Henry Lewis Stephens, untitled watercolor (c. 1863) of a black man reading a newspaper with headline ``Presidential Proclamation / Slavery ''. The five page original document, held in the National Archives Building. Until 1936 it had been bound with other proclamations in a large volume held by the Department of State. Type Presidential proclamation Signed by Abraham Lincoln on 22 September 1862 Summary During the American Civil War, enslaved people in the designated areas of the South declared`` free'' the Proclamation allowed for former slaves to \"be received into the armed service of the United States\". The Emancipation Proclamation played a significant part in the end",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "New Mexico",
"paragraph_text": "Inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish vicerInhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1563, it was named Nuevo México after the Aztec Valley of Mexico by Spanish settlers, 223 years before the establishment and naming of the present - day country of Mexico; thus, the present - day state of New Mexico was not named after the country today known as Mexico. Its geographic characteristics made settlement and effective political control difficult which prompted Mexico's invasion and control of the area from 1824 to 1846. New Mexico's Spanish origins made cultural integration with Mexico unsuitable, which sparked the Revolt of 1837 and a growing economic association with the expanding United States. The 1848 Mexican -- American War indirectly capitalized on this tension and created the U.S. New Mexico Territory. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912.Inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Acoma Massacre",
"paragraph_text": "5, the conquistador Don Juan de Oñate was granted permission from King Philip II to colonize Santa Fe de Nuevo México, the present-dayThe Acoma Massacre was fought in January 1599 between Spanish conquistadors and Acoma Native Americans in what is now New Mexico. After twelve soldiers were killed at Acoma Pueblo in 1598, the Spanish retaliated by launching a punitive expedition, which led to the deaths of around 800 men, women and children during a three - day battle. Several hundred survivors were also enslaved or otherwise severely punished.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": "Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas",
"paragraph_text": "The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous indigenous civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores: The Olmecs, who flourished from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE in the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; the Maya in the Yucatan (and into neighbouring areas of contemporary Central America); the Purépecha in present-day Michoacán and surrounding areas, and the Aztecs/Mexica, who, from their central capital at Tenochtitlan, dominated much of the centre and south of the country (and the non-Aztec inhabitants of those areas) when Hernán Cortés first landed at Veracruz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Islam in Spain",
"paragraph_text": "Islam was a widespread religion in what is now Spain and Portugal for nine centuries, beginning with the Umayyad conquest of Hispania and ending (at least overtly) with its prohibition by the modern Spanish state in the mid-16th century and the expulsion of the Moriscos in the early 17th century. Although a significant proportion of Moriscos returned to Spain or avoided expulsion through various means, and the decree never affected the country's large enslaved Muslim population, the indigenous practice of Islam had faded into obscurity by the 19th century.Islam was a widespread religion in what is now Spain and Portugal for nine centuries, beginning with the Umayyad conquest of Hispania and ending (at least overtly) with its prohibition by the modern Spanish state in the mid-16th century and the expulsion of the Moriscos in the early 17th century. Although a significant proportion of Moriscos returned to Spain or avoided expulsion through various means, and the decree never affected the country's large enslaved Muslim population, the indigenous practice of Islam had faded into obscurity by the 19th century.Islam was a widespread religion in what is now Spain and Portugal for nine centuries, beginning with the Umayyad conquest of Hispan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": " Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion ofUnder the terms of the concluding Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, the empire reached its greatest extent with the addition of 1,800,000 square miles (4,700,000 km2) and 13 million new subjects. The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates. Britain gained control of Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq, parts of Cameroon and Togo, and Tanganyika. The Dominions themselves also acquired mandates of their own: the Union of South Africa gained South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia), Australia gained German New Guinea, and New Zealand Western Samoa. Nauru was made a combined mandate of Britain and the two Pacific Dominions.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Bermuda",
"paragraph_text": "In the British West Indian islands (and also in the United States), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa (roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana). Very little of Bermuda's original black emigration came from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish and Portuguese. As Spain and Portugal sourced most of their slaves from South-West Africa (the Portuguese through ports in modern-day Angola; the Spanish purchased most of their African slaves from Portuguese traders, and from Arabs whose slave trading was centred in Zanzibar). Genetic studies have consequently shown that the African ancestry of black Bermudians (other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands) is largely from the a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the West Indies and the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the new name that Bloomberg gave to the country which was previously recognized as the region from where most slaves were captured by the Spanish and Portuguese? | [
{
"id": 23058,
"question": "Where did the Spanish and Portugese enslave most of their black people from?",
"answer": "South-West Africa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 20608,
"question": "What modern-day country is #1 ?",
"answer": "Namibia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 36327,
"question": "What did Bloomberg name #2 ?",
"answer": "top emerging market economy in Africa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | top emerging market economy in Africa | [
"Africa"
] | true | What did Bloomberg name the country formerly known as the region where the Spanish and Portuguese took most of their slaves from? |
2hop__24441_36630 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Glass",
"paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated glass has been widely applied to vehicles for windscreens. While glass containers have always been used for storage and are valued for their hygienic properties, glass has been utilized increasingly in industry. Optical glass for spectacles has been used since the late Middle Ages. The production of lenses has become increasingly proficient, aiding astronomers as well as having other application in medicine and science. Glass is also employed as the aperture cover in many solar energy systems.In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated glass has been widely applied to vehicles for windscreens. While glass containers have always been used for storage and are valued for their hygienic properties, glass has been utilized increasingly in industry. Optical glass for spectacles has been used since the late Middle Ages. The production of lenses has become increasingly proficient, aiding astronomers as well as having other application in medicine and science. Glass is also employed as the aperture cover in many solar energy systems.In biological classification, class (Latin: classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador",
"paragraph_text": "The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the \"oceanic\" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.The economy has been growing quickly in recentThe economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the \"oceanic\" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth. The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction – the growth elasticity of poverty – can depend on the existing level of inequality. For instance, with low inequality a country with a growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty, can halve poverty in ten years, but a country with high inequality would take nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction. In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Economy of Greece",
"paragraph_text": "World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in the city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank, Port Melbourne, Melbourne Docklands and more recently, South Wharf. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city in the three years ended June 2004. These factors have led to population growth and further suburban expansion through the 2000s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Glass Beach (Eleele, Hawaii)",
"paragraph_text": "Glass Beach is a beach in Eleele, an industrial area in Kauai, Hawaii that is made of sea glass. It is in Hanapepe Bay, near Port Allen Harbor. The beach's regular rock is basalt, but the sea glass formed after years of discarded glass.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment\". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Economic liberalisation in India",
"paragraph_text": "The economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growth recorded by the country in the 1990s and 2000s. Its opponents have blamed it for increased poverty, inequality and economic degradation. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet solved a variety of politically difficult issues, such as liberalising labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable.The economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growth recorded by the country in the 1990s and 2000s. Its opponents have blamed it for increased poverty, inequality and economic degradation. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet solved a variety of politically difficult issues, such as liberalising labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable.The economic liberalisation in India refers to the series of policy changes aimed at opening up the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Valencia",
"paragraph_text": " sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela haveValencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Economy of India",
"paragraph_text": "The economy of India is an underdeveloped mixed economy. It is the world's seventh - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China. The long - term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Economic inequality",
"paragraph_text": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality. Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011 incorrectly stated that inequality had a positive effect on economic development. Analyses based on comparing yearly equality figures to yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth. IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth. Developing countries with high inequality have \"succeeded in initiating growth at high rates for a few years\" but \"longer growth spells are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Child labour",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could cause eye trouble, lung ailments, heat exhaustion, cut, and burns. Since workers were paid by the piece, they had to work productively for hours without a break. Since furnaces had to be constantly burning, there were night shifts from 5:00 pm to 3:00 am. Many factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which nations experienced economic expansion during the time that underage males were utilized in the production of glass? | [
{
"id": 24441,
"question": "When were young boys employed in the glass making industries?",
"answer": "early 20th century",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 36630,
"question": "What countries found their economic growth in #1 ?",
"answer": "United Kingdom and Prussia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | United Kingdom and Prussia | [
"United Kingdom",
"UK"
] | true | What countries found their economic growth in the period young boys were employed in the glass making industries? |
3hop2__43283_12039_93690 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Houston Astros",
"paragraph_text": "Houston Astros 2018 Houston Astros season Established in 1962 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League (2013 -- present) West Division (2013 -- present) National League (1962 -- 2012) Central Division (1994 -- 2012) West Division (1969 -- 1993) Current uniform Retired numbers 5 7 24 25 32 33 34 40 49 42 Colors Navy blue, orange, white Name Houston Astros (1965 -- present) Houston Colt. 45s (1962 -- 1964) Other nicknames' Stros Ballpark Minute Maid Park (2000 -- present) Astrodome (1965 -- 1999) Colt Stadium (1962 -- 1964) Major league titles World Series titles (1) 2017 AL Pennants (1) 2017 NL Pennants (1) 2005 AL West Division titles (1) 2017 NL West / Central Division titles (6) 1980 1986 1997 1998 1999 2001 Wild card berths (3) 2005 2015 The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season, losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS. Front office Owner (s) Jim Crane Manager A.J. Hinch General Manager Jeff Luhnow President of Baseball Operations Reid Ryan",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games",
"paragraph_text": "Eighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988 the AL has dominated, winning 24 of 31 with one tie. In 2018 the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jack Renner (recording engineer)",
"paragraph_text": "Renner received a Bachelor of Science degree and completed graduate work at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He has worked as a professional trumpeter, recording engineering consultant, freelance recording engineer, high school music teacher and public speaker. Renner has received 20 Grammy Award nominations, winning eleven.Renner received a Bachelor of Science degree and completed graduate work at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Monique Mehta",
"paragraph_text": "Monique Mehta graduated from Colgate University with degrees in sociology and women's studies. In 2006 sheMonique Mehta graduated from Colgate University with degrees in sociology and women's studies. In 2006 she graduated with her Juris Doctorate from Brooklyn Law School.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Matt Burch",
"paragraph_text": "Burch graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with a degree in computer engineering and is married to Mary Burch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "David Lin",
"paragraph_text": "David Lin graduated with a bachelor and master of commerce degree from the National Chengchi University in Taiwan. He earned his master of science degree from Georgetown University in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Robert Wayman",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Wayman attended Northwestern University where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in science engineering and a Master of Business Administration degree.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Houston",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Eni Njoku",
"paragraph_text": "Eni Njoku studied botany at the University of Manchester in England. He graduated with a first class honors degree in 1947 and obtained his M.A. degree the following year. In 195Eni Njoku studied botany at the University of Manchester in England. He graduated with a first class honors degree in 1947 and obtained his M.A. degree the following year. In 1954, he obtained his doctorate from the University of London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Obi Emelonye",
"paragraph_text": "Obi Emelonye, a former professional footballer and law professional graduated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, with BA (Hons) Theatre Arts degree (1990). He went on to study for an LLB Law degree from the University of Wolverhampton (1998). He completed a post-graduate degree in Legal Practice from London Metropolitan University (2002) and practised Law for a few years before focusing on his first love: film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sharon Johnston",
"paragraph_text": "A native of Sault Ste. Marie, she completed her studies in physiotherapy and occupational therapy at the University of Toronto and received a BSc degree at the University of Western Ontario and an MSc degree at McGill University. She also graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy in rehabilitation science at McGill.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Northwestern University",
"paragraph_text": "In April 2016, Northwestern announced that it signed on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative. Through this partnership, Northwestern is one of 15 Illinois public and private universities that will \"provide scholarships to students who graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program.\" The partnership was influenced by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school district. The University of Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, the School of the Art Institute, DePaul University and Loyola University are also part of the Star Scholars partnership.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Einars Repše",
"paragraph_text": "Einars Repše graduated from Latvia State University (now known as University of Latvia) in 1986 with a degree in physics (specialisation – radio electronics).Einars Repše graduated from Latvia State University (now known as University of Latvia) in 1986 with a degree in physics (specialisation",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Anne Simonett",
"paragraph_text": "The daughter of Minnesota Supreme Court Justice John E. Simonett, Anne Simonett received a degree in music from Lawrence University in Appleton, WisconsinThe daughter of Minnesota Supreme Court Justice John E. Simonett, Anne Simonett received a degree in music from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. She received a masters degree in music performance, graduating \"magna cum laude\" from Yale University. She received her law degree from Harvard University in 1981.The daughter of Minnesota Supreme Court Justice John E. Simonett, Anne Simonett received a degree in music from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. She received a masters degree in music performance, graduating \"magna cum laude\" from Yale University. She received her law degree from Harvard",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury",
"paragraph_text": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury passed his matriculation examination from Dinajpur Zilla School in the 1937 and acquired his B.A. degree in 1942 from Ripon College, Kolkata, Later, he acquired a master's degree in Islamic History from the UniversityMoinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury passed his matriculation examination from Dinajpur Zilla School in the 1937 and acquired his B.A. degree in 1942 from Ripon College, Kolkata, Later, he acquired a master's degree in Islamic History from the University of Calcutta in 1945.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the baseball team, located in the city which retains the majority of its university graduates post-graduation, advance to the league known for securing the most All Star victories? | [
{
"id": 43283,
"question": "who wins the all star game more often",
"answer": "American League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 12039,
"question": "Where do most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree?",
"answer": "in Houston",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 93690,
"question": "when did #2 go to #1",
"answer": "2013",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 2013 | [] | true | When did the baseball team from the city where most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree, go the league that wins the All Stars more frequently? |
3hop1__9285_5188_6375 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "BRDM-2",
"paragraph_text": "The BRDM-2 entered service with the Soviet Army in 1962. It was first publicly shown in 1966. It replaced the BRDM-1 in the Soviet and Warsaw Pact armies. Production started in 1962 and went on until 1989, with 7,200 vehicles produced (mostly for export).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.The sovereignty of szlachta was ended",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "1526.The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similarIn 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. In the following years the town expanded towards the suburbs. Several private independent districts were established, the property of aristocrats and the gentry, which were ruled by their own laws. Three times between 1655–1658 the city was under siege and three times it was taken and pillaged by the Swedish, Brandenburgian and Transylvanian forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of Masovia",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national CommunistWhile the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Samurai",
"paragraph_text": "In Japanese, they are usually referred to as bushi (武士?, [bu.ɕi]) or buke (武家?). According to translator William Scott Wilson: \"In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning \"to wait upon\" or \"accompany persons\" in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau. In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean \"those who serve in close attendance to the nobility\", the pronunciation in Japanese changing to saburai. According to Wilson, an early reference to the word \"samurai\" appears in the Kokin Wakashū (905–914), the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of \"containment\" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to \"roll back\". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "14.5×114mm",
"paragraph_text": "The 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by theThe 14.5×114mm (.57 Cal) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "SGH Warsaw School of Economics",
"paragraph_text": "SGH Warsaw School of Economics (, \"SGH\") is the oldest business school in Poland. It is ranked first amongst Polish business schools in the \"Perspektywy\" ranking.SGH Warsaw School of Economics (, \"SGH\") is the oldest business school in Poland. It is ranked first amongst Polish business schools in the \"Perspektywy\" ranking.SGH Warsaw School of Economics (, \"SGH\") is the oldest business school in Poland. It is ranked first amongst Polish business schools in the \"Perspektywy\" ranking.SGSGH Warsaw School of Economics (, \"SGH\") is the oldest business school in Poland. It is ranked first amongst Polish business schools in the \"Perspektywy\" ranking.SGH Warsaw School of Economics (, \"SGH\") is the oldest business school in Poland. It is ranked first amongst Polish",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Space Race",
"paragraph_text": " Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy.Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became theGherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two spacecraft came within approximately 6.5 kilometers (4.0 mi) of one another, close enough for radio communication. Vostok 4 also set a record of nearly four days in space. Though the two craft's orbits were as nearly identical as possible given the accuracy of the launch rocket's guidance system, slight variations still existed which drew the two craft at first as close to each other as 6.5 kilometers (3.5 nautical miles), then as far apart as 2,850 kilometers (1,540 nautical miles). There were no maneuvering rockets on the Vostok to permit space rendezvous, required to keep two spacecraft a controlled distance apart.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the initial individual to command a spaceship, originating from the nation where leading Warsaw Pact agents originated, even though its main location was in the state known as the aristocracy's commonwealth? | [
{
"id": 9285,
"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 5188,
"question": "Despite being headquartered in #1 , the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?",
"answer": "the USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 6375,
"question": "What first person from the #2 controlled their own spacecraft?",
"answer": "Gherman Titov",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Gherman Titov | [] | true | Who was the first person to control a spacecraft, from the country the top-ranking Warsaw Pact operatives came from, despite it being headquartered in the country called the nobilities commonwealth? |
2hop__56270_68396 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "ISO 3166",
"paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Area code 575",
"paragraph_text": "Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505.Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Area codes 304 and 681",
"paragraph_text": " codes 304 and 681 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the entirety of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The numbering plan area was established in OctoberNorth American telephone area code 304 was established October 1947 as one of the original area codes, and serves all of the U.S. state of West Virginia. It was overlaid with area code 681, effective March 28, 2009.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Seven-digit dialing",
"paragraph_text": "The initial 86 area codes were assigned in 1947 as routing codes for operator calls; the first cross-country Bell System direct distance dial call was made in 1951. The system was based on fixed - length numbers; a direct - dial long distance call consisted of a three - digit area code and a seven - digit local number. Numbers in 2L + 4N cities (such as Montréal and Toronto) were systematically lengthened to seven digits in the 1950's, a few exchanges at a time, so that all local numbers were seven digits when direct distance dialling finally came to town.The initial 86 area codes were assigned in 1947 as routing codes for operator calls; the first cross-country Bell System direct distance dial call was made in 195",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Zinfandel, California",
"paragraph_text": "Zinfandel (formerly, Bell Station and Pine Station) is a small unincorporated community in Napa County, California just south of the city of St.Zinfandel (formerly, Bell Station and Pine Station) is a small unincorporated community in Napa County, California just south of the city of St. Helena in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is part of the Wine Country. It is located at the intersection of the St. Helena Highway (State Route 29) and Zinfandel Lane and comprises about 14 square blocks, most of which are rural and residential in character. The ZIP Code is 94567. The community is inside area code 707.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Demographics of California",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2006, California had an estimated population of 37,172,015, more than 12 percent of the U.S. population. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 1,557,112 people (that is 2,781,539 births minus 1,224,427 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 751,419 people. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 1,415,879 people, and migration from within the U.S. produced a net decrease of 564,100 people. California is the 13th fastest - growing state. As of 2008, the total fertility rate was 2.15. The most recent census reports the population of California is 39,144,818.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "List of San Diego Padres managers",
"paragraph_text": "There have been 18 managers for the Padres franchise. The team's first manager was Preston Gómez, who managed for four seasons. Bruce Bochy is the franchise's all - time leader for the most regular - season games managed (1926), the most regular - season game wins (951), the most playoff games managed (24), and the most playoff - game wins (8). Bob Skinner is the Padres' all - time leader for the highest regular - season winning percentage, as he has only managed one game, which he won. Of the managers who have managed a minimum of 162 games (one season), Jack McKeon has the highest regular - season winning percentage with. 541, having managed for 357 games. Dick Williams, the only Padres manager to have been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, is the franchise's all - time leader for the highest playoff winning percentage with. 400. Williams and Bochy are the only managers to have won an NL Championship with the Padres, in 1984 and 1998 respectively. Bochy and Black are the only managers to have won a Manager of the Year Award with the Padres, in 1996 and 2010. Greg Riddoch and Jerry Coleman have spent their entire managing careers with the Padres.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Area code 780",
"paragraph_text": "Area code 780 is a telephone area code in the province of Alberta, encompassing the northern two - thirds of the province, including the Edmonton area. The code was established in 1999; prior to this date the entire province was served by the 403 area code. The 780 phone code started use on January 25, 1999. Permissive dialing of 403 continued throughout Alberta until May 18, 1999. Area code 780 is also the last new area code in Canada introduced by a split.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Area code 509",
"paragraph_text": "North American area code 509 is the telephone area code for the eastern two-thirds of Washington. The western boundary of 509 roughly follows the Cascades. The 509 area includes Spokane, the Tri-Cities (Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick), Ellensburg, Yakima, Walla Walla, and Wenatchee. The 509 code was created in a split from 206, originally the area code for all of Washington, in a flash-cut on January 1, 1957.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "ISO 3166-2",
"paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision code\". It was first published in 1998.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Seattle",
"paragraph_text": "Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "ISO 3166-1",
"paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for StandardISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Area code 951",
"paragraph_text": "Area code 951 is a California telephone area code that was split from area code 909 on July 17, 2004. It covers western Riverside County, including, Beaumont, Corona, Canyon Lake, Riverside, Temescal Canyon, Woodcrest, Arlington, Mira Loma, Moreno Valley, Perris, Sun City, Lake Elsinore, Wildomar, Murrieta, Temecula, San Jacinto, Hemet, Lakeview, Nuevo, Norco, Banning, Eastvale, Quail Valley, and Idyllwild.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Area code 956",
"paragraph_text": "North American area code 956 is a state of Texas telephone area code for numbers in the Brownsville, McAllen, Laredo and South Padre Island areas. It was created May 25, 1997, in a split from area code 210.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Basbedo",
"paragraph_text": "Basbedo is a village in the Tenkodogo Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 951.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What fraction of the country's populace resides in the state bearing the area code 951? | [
{
"id": 56270,
"question": "where is the area code 951 coming from",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 68396,
"question": "what percentage of the country lives in #1",
"answer": "more than 12 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | more than 12 percent | [] | true | What percentage of the nation's population lives in the state that includes the 951 area code? |
3hop1__106042_64399_52278 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief Sasanian Persian invasion early in the 7th century amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Islamic Empire by the Muslim Arabs. When they defeated the Byzantine Armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought Sunni Islam to the country. Early in this period, Egyptians began to blend their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices, leading to various Sufi orders that have flourished to this day. These earlier rites had survived the period of Coptic Christianity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates and writings, specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and thus Christians and Christianity alike. In the 2nd century, as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics, Celsus suggested that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier named Panthera. The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen, the Church Father in Alexandria, Egypt, who considered it a fabricated story. How far Celsus sourced his view from Jewish sources remains a subject of discussion.The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Zinc",
"paragraph_text": " zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc. Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called \"philosopher's wool\" or \"white snow\".Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given definite evidence of zinc production going back to the 6th century BC. To date, the oldest evidence of pure zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc. Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called \"philosopher's wool\" or \"white snow\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Early centers of Christianity",
"paragraph_text": "The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament.The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": "5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. ItBetween 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, who is known as the Pope. The church's doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within Rome, Italy. pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": " Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander greatly widened the horizons of the Greek world, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4thDuring the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Israel as a Hellenistic vassal. This period also saw the rise of a Hellenistic Judaism, which first developed in the Jewish diaspora of Alexandria and Antioch, and then spread to Judea. The major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic to Koiné Greek. The reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the Alexandrian Jews had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Iran were in flux during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it. Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later seventh century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-eighth century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Tours in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate and its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman economy. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Oxyrhynchus",
"paragraph_text": "Since the 1930s, work on the papyri has continued. For many years it was under the supervision of Professor Peter Parsons of Oxford. Eighty large volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri have been published, and these have become an essential reference work for the study of Egypt between the 4th century BC and the 7th century AD. They are also extremely important for the history of the early Christian Church, since many Christian documents have been found at Oxyrhynchus in far earlier versions than those known elsewhere. At least another forty volumes are anticipated.Since the 1930s, work on the papyri has continued. For many years it was under the supervision of Professor Peter Parsons of Oxford. Eighty large volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri have been published, and these have become an",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Congregation of Christian Brothers",
"paragraph_text": "The Holy See formally established the congregation in 1820. This, too, was an unusual event, since the Christian Brothers were the first Irish congregation of men approved by a charter from Rome.The Holy See formally established the congregation in 1820. This, too,The Holy See formally established the congregation in 1820. This, too, was an unusual event, since the Christian Brothers were the first Irish congregation of men approved by a charter from Rome.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0.8 sq mi.) and had a population of 200,000. In the five centuries following the Bar Kokhba revolt in the 2nd century, the city remained under Roman then Byzantine rule. During the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine I constructed Christian sites in Jerusalem such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. At the tail end of the Medieval period, the city was ceded to the OttomansJerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0.8 sq mi.) and had a population of 200,000. In the five centuries following the Bar Kokhba revolt in the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pope Agatho",
"paragraph_text": "Little is known of Agatho before his papacy but he may have been among the many Sicilian clergy in Rome at that time, due to the Islamic Caliphate battles against Sicily in the mid-7th century. He served several years as treasurer of the church of Rome. He succeeded Donus in the pontificate.Little is known of AgLittle is known of Agatho before his papacy but he may have been among the many Sicilian clergy in Rome at that time, due to the Islamic Caliphate battles against Sicily in the mid-7th century. He served several years as treasurer of the church of Rome. He succeeded Donus in the pontificate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Vasilopita",
"paragraph_text": "Vasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα χρόνος: \"chrónos ⇨ time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta ⇨ pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hedwig glass",
"paragraph_text": "Hedwig glasses or Hedwig beakers are a type of glass beaker originating in the Middle East or Norman Sicily and dating from the 10th-12th centuries AD. They are named after the Silesian princess Saint Hedwig (1174–1245), to whom three of them are traditionally said to have belonged. So far, a total of 14 complete glasses are known. The exact origin of the glasses is disputed, with Egypt, Iran and Syria all suggested as possible sources; if they are not of Islamic manufacture they are certainly influenced by Islamic glass. Probably made by Muslim craftsmen, some of the iconography is Christian, suggesting they may have been made for export or for Christian clients. The theory that they instead originate from Norman Sicily in the 11th century was first fully set out in a book in 2005 by Rosemarie Lierke, and has attracted some support from specialists.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who governed the sacred ground where the version of Christianity prevalent in the nation where Vasilopita is observed, persisted up until the 7th century? | [
{
"id": 106042,
"question": "Which was the country for Vasilopita?",
"answer": "Greece",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 64399,
"question": "where did christianity originate rome egypt judea #1",
"answer": "Jerusalem",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 52278,
"question": "who controlled the holy land of #2 up until the 7th century",
"answer": "Roman then Byzantine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Roman then Byzantine | [] | true | Who controlled the holy land where the brand of Christianity practiced in the country where Vasilopita is lasted up until the 7th century? |
3hop1__30390_36635_87083 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "In Dubious Battle",
"paragraph_text": "In Dubious Battle is a novel by John Steinbeck, written in 1936. The central figure of the story is an activist attempting to organize abused laborers in order to gain fair wages and working conditions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": "During the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this day. Yet, as the Cold War continued, authorities began to question if France and the United Kingdom could retain their long-held statuses as great powers. China, with the world's largest population, has slowly risen to great power status, with large growth in economic and military power in the post-war period. After 1949, the Republic of China began to lose its recognition as the sole legitimate government of China by the other great powers, in favour of the People's Republic of China. Subsequently, in 1971, it lost its permanent seat at the UN Security Council to the People's Republic of China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": ", these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individualHayek's work on the microeconomics of the choice theoretics of investment, non-permanent goods, potential permanent resources, and economically-adapted permanent resources mark a central dividing point between his work in areas of macroeconomics and that of almost all other economists. Hayek's work on the macroeconomic subjects of central planning, trade cycle theory, the division of knowledge, and entrepreneurial adaptation especially, differ greatly from the opinions of macroeconomic \"Marshallian\" economists in the tradition of John Maynard Keynes and the microeconomic \"Walrasian\" economists in the tradition of Abba Lerner.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Big Brother 19 (American season)",
"paragraph_text": "Following Mark's eviction, the HouseGuests were splattered in the Everyone's A Wiener Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must brace themselves with handholds and footholds inside their hot dog bun. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Jason was the winner. For being the first two people to drop in the Head of Household competition, Kevin and Matt became Have - Nots for the week. On Day 66, the Tree of Temptation turned red. However, nobody accepted the temptation. On Day 66, Jason nominated Matt and Raven, with Matt as the target. On Day 67, Jason, Matt, Raven, Josh, Paul, and Kevin went on the lookout in the Hide and Go Veto Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests had three minutes to individually hide their locked veto card in the House. Then, one at a time, HouseGuests entered the House and had one minute to attempt to find a veto card. If a HouseGuest's veto card is found, they will be eliminated, though the owner of the veto cards will not be revealed until the end of the competition. The HouseGuest who hides their veto card the best will win the Power of Veto. Jason was the winner. On Day 69, Jason decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 71, Matt broke the Have - Not rules and earned a penalty vote on eviction night. On Day 72, Matt was evicted by a 6 - 0 vote. He became the fourth member of the jury.Big Brother 19 is the nineteenth season of the American reality television series Big Brother. It is based upon the Dutch series of the same name. The season premiered on June 28, 2017 on CBS in the United States",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": " where there has traditionally always been \"tremendous parity among the great powers\". This unique period of American primacy has been an important factor in maintaining a condition of peace between the great powers.According to Joshua Baron – aChina, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to \"their political and economic dominance of the global arena\". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recognized \"Nuclear Weapons States\" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world. However, there is no unanimous agreement among authorities as to the current status of these powers or what precisely defines a great power. For example, sources have at times referred to China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom as middle powers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "United Nations Security Council",
"paragraph_text": "The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II -- the Soviet Union (now represented by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, France, the Republic of China (now represented by the People's Republic of China), and the United States -- serve as the body's five permanent members. These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary - General. The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two - year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Daytona International Speedway",
"paragraph_text": "On January 22, 2013, the track unveiled artist depictions of a renovated speedway. On July 5, 2013, ground was broken on the project that removed backstretch seating and completely redevelop the frontstretch seating. The renovation to the speedway was constructed by Design - Builder Barton Malow Company in partnership with Rossetti Architects. The project, named ``Daytona Rising '', was completed in January 2016, and cost US $400 million, placing emphasis on improving fan experience with five expanded and redesigned fan entrances (called`` injectors''), as well as wider and more comfortable seating with more restrooms and concession stands. After the renovations were completed, the track's grandstands include 101,000 permanent seats with the ability to increase permanent seating to 125,000. The project was finished before the start of Speedweeks in 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "DeltaWomen",
"paragraph_text": "Delta Women is a non-governmental organization founded primarily to enable the women of Delta State, Nigeria. The organization advocates for women rights, creates awareness and holds seminars on child abuse and campaigns on female sexual harassment in higher educational institutions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "For Hayek, the supposedly stark difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism has much importance and Hayek places heavy weight on this distinction in his defence of transitional dictatorship. For example, when Hayek visited Venezuela in May 1981, he was asked to comment on the prevalence of totalitarian regimes in Latin America. In reply, Hayek warned against confusing \"totalitarianism with authoritarianism,\" and said that he was unaware of \"any totalitarian governments in Latin America. The only one was Chile under Allende\". For Hayek, however, the word 'totalitarian' signifies something very specific: the want to “organize the whole of society” to attain a “definite social goal” —which is stark in contrast to “liberalism and individualism”.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": " calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while inAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": " others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resourcesHayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the \"Law and Society\" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "United Nations Security Council veto power",
"paragraph_text": "The United Nations Security Council ``veto power ''refers to the power of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council to veto any`` substantive'' resolution. A permanent member's abstention or absence does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. However, the veto power does not apply to ``procedural ''votes, as determined by the permanent members themselves. A permanent member can also block the selection of a Secretary - General, although a formal veto is unnecessary since the vote is taken behind closed doors.The United Nations Security Council ``veto power ''refers to the power of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council to veto any`` substantive'' resolution. A permanent member's abstention or absence does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. However, the veto power does not apply to ``procedural ''votes, as determined by the permanent members themselves. A permanent member can also block the selection of a Secretary - General, although a formal veto is unnecessary since the vote is taken behind closed doors.The United Nations Security Council veto power is the power of the five permanent members",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the organization where the winners of the active conflict during Hayek's initiation of "Abuse of Power" were permanently seated, who has the authority to veto? | [
{
"id": 30390,
"question": "When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?",
"answer": "During World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 36635,
"question": "The winners of #1 along with France were allotted permanent seats for what organization?",
"answer": "United Nations Security Council",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 87083,
"question": "who holds veto power in #2",
"answer": "permanent members of the United Nations Security Council",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | permanent members of the United Nations Security Council | [
"United Nations Security Council",
"UN Security Council"
] | true | Who holds veto power in the organization that the victors of the conflict active when Hayek began "Abuse of power" were given permanent seats in. |
3hop1__131820_59747_60748 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents. Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard (172.4%), Elgin (78.2%), Jenks (77.0%), Piedmont (56.7%), Bixby (56.6%), and Owasso (56.3%).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Wheatland, California",
"paragraph_text": "Wheatland is the second-largest city by population in Yuba County, California, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2010 census, up from 2,275 at the 2000 census. Wheatland is located southeast of Marysville.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nevada",
"paragraph_text": "Nevada (Spanish for ``snowy ''; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three - quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas -- Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the`` Silver State'' because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the ``Battle Born State '', because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words`` Battle Born'' also appear on the state flag); as the ``Sagebrush State '', for the native plant of the same name; and as the`` Sage - hen State''. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Wichita, Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "Wichita (/ ˈwɪtʃɪtɔː / WITCH - i - taw) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas. Located in south - central Kansas on the Arkansas River, it is the county seat of Sedgwick County and the principal city of the Wichita metropolitan area which had an estimated population of 644,610 in 2015. As of 2017, the city of Wichita had an estimated population of 391,586.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083 (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "WEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.WEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county,The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Battle of Atlanta",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city under John Bell Hood. Union Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was killed during the battle. Despite the implication of finality in its name, the battle occurred midway through the campaign, and the city did not fall until September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and various attempts to seize railroads and supply lines leading to Atlanta. After taking the city, Sherman's troops headed south - southeastward toward Milledgeville, the state capital, and on to Savannah with the March to the Sea.The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mecklenburg County, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "Mecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 919,628. It increased to 1,034,070 as of the 2015 estimate, making it the most populousMecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 919,628. It increased to 1,034,070 as of the 2015 estimate, making it the most populous county in North Carolina and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass 1 million in population. Its county seat and largest city is Charlotte.Mecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bozeman, Montana",
"paragraph_text": "Bozeman ( BOHZ-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest MontanaBozeman is a city in and the seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2010 census put Bozeman's population at 37,280 and by 2016 the population rose to 45,250, making it the fourth largest city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County with a population of 97,304. It is the largest Micropolitan Statistical Area in Montana and is the third largest of all of Montana's statistical areas.The city is named after John M. Bozeman who established the Bozeman Trail and was a founder of the town in August 1864. The town became incorporated in April 1883 with a city council form of government and in January 1922 transitioned to its current city manager/city commission form of government. Bozeman was elected an All-America City in 2001 by the National Civic League.Bozeman is home to Montana State University. The local newspaper is the Bozeman Daily Chronicle, and the city is served by Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Colorado Springs, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in the east central portion of the state. It is situated on Fountain Creek and is located 60 miles (97 km) south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. Colorado, and the 40th-most-populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area, which had 755,105 residents in 2020, and the second-most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. It is located inColorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in the east central portion",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "González Catán",
"paragraph_text": "onzález Catán is a city located in La Matanza Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The city is the second-largest by area in the county (52 km²), and the second most-populous. The city is located near the southwestern end of the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, 20 miles (32 km) from Buenos Aires along Route 3.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nThe settlement is the oldest one in La Matanza County, and was founded in 1570 as a garrison by a ConGonzález Catán is a city located in La Matanza Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The city is the second-largest by area in the county (52 km²), and the second most-populous. The city is located near the southwestern end of the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, from Buenos Aires along Route 3.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mississippi",
"paragraph_text": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United StatesMississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the historic battle take place in the biggest city of the state that is home to the WEKL broadcast station? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 60748,
"question": "when did the battle of #2 start and end",
"answer": "July 22, 1864",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | July 22, 1864 | [] | true | The largest city in the state where WEKL broadcasts had an historic battle that was fought when? |
2hop__30390_36634 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with \"social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention\" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because \"its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Great power",
"paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar Investment Co., Ltd. (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22).In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing \"what they can to rescue you\". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Saturday Night Footy",
"paragraph_text": " following Seven News in most markets.\nThe pre-match show, titled The Kick, is anchored by Darcy and runs for one hour in the lead-up to the feature match.In Australia, Saturday Night Footy (formerly as SaturdayIn Australia, Saturday Night Footy (formerly as Saturday Night Football) is the broadcasting of Australian Football League (AFL) Saturday night matches on television. \"Saturday Night Footy\" is generally considered to be one of the biggest stages and generates publicity for the clubs involved. It is for this reason that clubs involved generally want to perform at their best to avoid large-scale criticism from the media. The Seven Network have the broadcast rights for the AFL starting from the 2012 season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Suicide of Jason Altom",
"paragraph_text": "Jason Altom (6 October 1971 – 15 August 1998) was a Ph.D. student working in the research group of Nobel laureate Elias James Corey at Harvard University. He killed himself by taking potassium cyanide in 1998, citing in his suicide note \"abusive research supervisors\" as one reason for taking his life. Altom was studying a complex natural product and felt enormous pressure to finish the molecule before starting his academic career.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Mali",
"paragraph_text": "Although Mali has enjoyed a reasonably good inter-ethnic relationships based on the long history of coexistence, some hereditary servitude and bondage relationship exist, as well as ethnic tension between settled Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs of the north. Due to a backlash against the northern population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about discrimination on the part of the other group. This conflict also plays a role in the continuing Northern Mali conflict where there is a tension between both Tuaregs and the Malian government, and the Tuaregs and radical Islamists who are trying to establish sharia law.Mali's official language is French and over 40 African languages also are spoken by the various ethnic groups. About 80% of Mali's population can communicate in Bambara, which serves as an important lingua franca.Mali has 12 national languages beside French and Bambara, namely",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": ", these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig vonHayek's work on the microeconomics of the choice theoretics of investment, non-permanent goods, potential permanent resources, and economically-adapted permanent resources mark a central dividing point between his work in areas of macroeconomics and that of almost all other economists. Hayek's work on the macroeconomic subjects of central planning, trade cycle theory, the division of knowledge, and entrepreneurial adaptation especially, differ greatly from the opinions of macroeconomic \"Marshallian\" economists in the tradition of John Maynard Keynes and the microeconomic \"Walrasian\" economists in the tradition of Abba Lerner.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": " von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. ThisOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the \"Law and Society\" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When Hayek began his work on Abuse of Reason, how many factions were participating in the war? | [
{
"id": 30390,
"question": "When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?",
"answer": "During World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 36634,
"question": "How many groups were involved in conflict of #1 ?",
"answer": "two alliances",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | two alliances | [] | true | How many groups were involved in the war when Hayek started working on Abuse of Reason? |
4hop1__320457_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pennell Coast",
"paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic ExpeditionPennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficulties discouraged all but the Spanish Empire from making regular visits and establishing settlements and",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "David Melgueiro",
"paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the ArcticDavid Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Spice trade",
"paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Wilkins Runway",
"paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia",
"paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Willem Janszoon",
"paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Frederick de Houtman",
"paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.Frederick de Houtman (c.��1571 – 21 October 1627) was a Dutch explorer, navigator, and colonial governor who sailed on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies from 1595 until 1597, during which time he madeFrederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Exploration of North America",
"paragraph_text": " exploration of North America by European sailors and geographers was an effort by major European powers to map and explore the continent with the goal of economic, religious and military expansion. The combative and rapid nature of this exploration is the result of a series of countering actions by neighboring European nations to ensure no single country had garnered enoughItalian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.The exploration of North America by European sailors and geographers was an effort by major European powers to map and explore the continent with the goalItalian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "History of the west coast of North America",
"paragraph_text": "In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficulties discouraged all but the Spanish Empire from making regular visits and establishing settlements and ports until the second half of the 18th century -- some 200 years after Europeans first reached the east coast of North America.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ulises Solís",
"paragraph_text": "José Ulises Solís Perez (born August 28, 1981 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer and is the current IBF light Flyweight champion. He recently got into a street fight with light middleweight champ Saul Alvarez and had his jaw broken. He plans on pressing charges against Alvarez. His brother also is current WBA Super Featherweight Champion Jorge Solís.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón",
"paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the offspring of the Italian explorer who discovered the eastern shoreline of the landmass where Ulises Solís was born, on behalf of England? | [
{
"id": 320457,
"question": "Ulises Solís >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Sebastian Cabot | [] | true | Who is the son of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent Ulises Solís' birthplace is located in for England? |
3hop2__79512_16214_84681 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Multiracial Americans",
"paragraph_text": "Interracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with women of native tribes. In the 17th century, faced with a continuing, critical labor shortage, colonists primarily in the Chesapeake Bay Colony, imported Africans as laborers, sometimes as indentured servants and, increasingly, as slaves. African slaves were also imported into New York and other northern ports by the Dutch and later English. Some African slaves were freed by their masters during these early years.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Let the Great World Spin",
"paragraph_text": "Let the Great World Spin is a novel by Colum McCann set mainly in New York City in the United States. The book won the 2009 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and the 2011 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, one of the most lucrative literary prizes in the world. Its title comes from the poem \"Locksley Hall\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.Let the Great World Spin is a novel by Colum McCann set mainly in New York City in the United States. The book won the 2009 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and the 2011 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, one of the most lucrative literary prizes in the world. Its title comes from the poem \"Locksley Hall\" by",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Figwit",
"paragraph_text": "Bret McKenzie, half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords and a Wellington native, first landed a small role as an extra in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. He appears sitting next to Aragorn during the council in Rivendell scene. When it is decided that the Ring must be destroyed, Frodo offers toBret McKenzie, half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords and a Wellington native, first landed a small role as an extra in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. He appears sitting next to Aragorn during the council in Rivendell scene. When it is decided that the Ring must be destroyed, Frodo offers to take the Ring to Mordor, and Elrond proclaims the formation of the Fellowship of the Ring. The elf was dubbed ``Figwit ''by Tolkien fan Iris Hadad; after seeing Frodo agree to take the ring, saying`` I will take it'', the film switches to a shot where Figwit can be seen standing on the far right, and Hadad's initial reaction was ``Frodo is grea... who is THAT?!? ''Later, Hadad corresponded with her university friend Sherry de Andres, and the two created the first Figwit fan website, www.figwitlives.net, calling him`` Legolas for the thinking woman''.Bret McKenzie, half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords and a Wellington native, first landed a small role as an extra in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. He appears sitting next to Aragorn during the council in Rivendell scene. When it is decided that the Ring must be destroyed, Frodo offers to take the Ring to Mordor, and Elrond proclaims the formation of the Fellowship of",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"paragraph_text": " on the novel The Lord of the Rings by British authorThe Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut FilmsConsidered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "History of New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger of the North, first introduced with the name Strider at Bree, as the Hobbits continued to call him throughout \"The Lord of the Rings\". He was eventually revealed to be the heir of Isildur and rightful claimant to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor. He was also a confidant of Gandalf and an integral part of the quest to destroy the One Ring and defeat the Dark Lord Sauron.Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ian Holm",
"paragraph_text": " as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.Alien: Romulus is a 2024 American science fiction horror film directed by FHolm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the stressed but gentle priest Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element and the tormented plaintiff's lawyer in The Sweet Hereafter. In 2001 he starred in From Hell as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He reappeared in the trilogy in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Aragorn",
"paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Déagol",
"paragraph_text": "Déagol is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. His story is related in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\", the first of three volumes comprising Tolkien's most famous novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\", in the chapter \"The Shadow of the Past\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Gollum",
"paragraph_text": "Gollum is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He was introduced in the 1937 fantasy novel \"The Hobbit\", and became an important character in its sequel, \"The Lord of the Rings\". Gollum was a Stoor Hobbit of the River-folk, who lived near the Gladden Fields. Originally known as Sméagol, he was corrupted by the One Ring and later named Gollum after his habit of making \"a horrible swallowing noise in his throat\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Tattooed Stranger",
"paragraph_text": "The Tattooed Stranger is a 1950 American crime film noir shot on location in New York City, directed by Edward Montagne, and starring John Miles, Patricia Barry (listed as Patricia White in the credits), Walter Kinsella and Frank Tweddell. The picture was one of the first films featuring Jack Lord, who went on to star in the television series \"Hawaii Five-O\". It was John Miles' final film appearance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Boromir",
"paragraph_text": "Boromir is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He appears in the first two volumes of \"The Lord of the Rings\" (\"The Fellowship of the Ring\" and \"The Two Towers\"), and is mentioned in the last volume, \"The Return of the King\". He was the heir of Denethor II (the 26th Ruling Steward of Gondor) and the elder brother of Faramir. In the course of the story Boromir joined the Fellowship of the Ring.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hugo Weaving",
"paragraph_text": "Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960) is a British - Australian film and stage actor. He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy (1999 -- 2003), Elrond in The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003) and The Hobbit (2012 -- 2014) film trilogies, V in V for Vendetta (2006), Red Skull in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) and Tom Doss in Hacksaw Ridge (2016).Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960) is a British - Australian film and stage actor. He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy (1999 -- 2003), Elrond in The Lord of the Rings (200",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sarah McLeod",
"paragraph_text": " King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.SSarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009. the casting director of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings from an earlier film of his that she had appeared in called Forgotten Silver. McLeod was six months pregnant when she auditioned for the role of Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit. Four months later, she wasSarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Hobbit (film series)",
"paragraph_text": " films expand upon certain elements from the novel and other source material, such as Gandalf's investigation at Dol Guldur which leads him to the Necromancer, and the heroes' pursuit by the orcs Azog and Bolg, who seek vengeance against Thorin and his kindred.\nThe films feature an ensemble cast that includes James Nesbitt, Ken StThe Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the 1937 novel The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to The Return of the King, which expand on the story told in The Hobbit, as well as new material and characters written especially for the films. Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. The films are subtitled An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Desolation of Smaug (2013), and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the arrival of those who initially brought slaves to New York in the nation where the Lord of the Rings movie was shot? | [
{
"id": 79512,
"question": "where do they film lord of the rings",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 16214,
"question": "Who first imported slaves to New York?",
"answer": "the Dutch",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 84681,
"question": "when did the #2 come to #1",
"answer": "13 December 1642",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 13 December 1642 | [] | true | When did the people who first imported slaves to New York, come to the country where Lord of the Rings was filmed? |
3hop1__92251_34179_23375 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. AllWhile the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Balfour Declaration",
"paragraph_text": " letter dated 2 November 1917 from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. The text of the declaration was published in the press on 9 November 1917.The declaration was contained in a letter dated 2 November 1917 from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. The text of the declaration was published in the press on 9 November 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Table of Ranks",
"paragraph_text": "The Table of Ranks () was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars. The Table of Ranks was formally abolished on 11 November 1917 by the newly established Bolshevik government.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"paragraph_text": "The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Russian Revolution",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 November 1917, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government (Russia was still using the Julian calendar at the time, so period references show a 25 October date). The October revolution ended the phase of the revolution instigated in February, replacing Russia's short - lived provisional parliamentary government with government by soviets, local councils elected by bodies of workers and peasants. Liberal and monarchist forces, loosely organized into the White Army, immediately went to war against the Bolsheviks' Red Army, in a series of battles that would become known as the Russian Civil War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Boris Glinsky",
"paragraph_text": "Boris Borisovich Glinsky (, 12 October 1860, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, – 30 November 1917, Petrograd, Soviet Russia) was a Russian writer, publicist, publisher, editor and politician. A prominent historian and biographer, Glinsky published numerous articles and essays, mainly in \"Istorichesky Vestnik\", which he was also the editor of in 1913–1917, \"Severny Vestnik\" (editor and publisher in 1890—1891), and \"Russkaya Budushchnost\" (Russian Future, 1915—1917). Described as a 'progressive nationalist', Glinsky supported both the 1917 February Revolution and the Kornilov affair. As a result, in August 1917 he was arrested on the counter-revolutionary charges, but in October 1917 was released. Glinsky died in Petrograd on 30 November 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tajikistan",
"paragraph_text": "After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet authorities started a campaign of secularization, practicing Islam, Judaism, and Christianity was discouraged and repressed, and many mosques, churches, and synagogues were closed. As a consequence of the conflict and Soviet agriculture policies, Central Asia, Tajikistan included, suffered a famine that claimed many lives.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Russian Revolution",
"paragraph_text": "A period of dual power ensued, during which the Provisional Government held state power while the national network of soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower classes and, increasingly, the left - leaning urban middle class. During this chaotic period there were frequent mutinies, protests and many strikes. Many socialist political organizations were engaged in daily struggle and vied for influence within the Duma and the soviets, central among which were the Bolsheviks (``Ones of the Majority '') led by Vladimir Lenin who campaigned for an immediate end to the war, land to the peasants, and bread to the workers. When the Provisional Government chose to continue fighting the war with Germany, the Bolsheviks and other socialist factions were able to exploit virtually universal disdain towards the war effort as justification to advance the revolution further. The Bolsheviks turned workers' militias under their control into the Red Guards (later the Red Army) over which they exerted substantial control.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jallianwala Bagh massacre",
"paragraph_text": "The costs of the protracted war in money and manpower were great. High casualty rates in the war, increasing inflation after the end, compounded by heavy taxation, the deadly 1918 flu pandemic, and the disruption of trade during the war escalated human suffering in India. The pre-war Indian nationalist sentiment was revived as moderate and extremist groups of the Indian National Congress ended their differences to unify. In 1916, the Congress succeeded in establishing the Lucknow Pact, a temporary alliance with the All - India Muslim League. British political concessions and Whitehall's India Policy after World War I began to change, with the passage of Montagu -- Chelmsford Reforms, which initiated the first round of political reform in the Indian subcontinent in 1917. However, this was deemed insufficient in reforms by the Indian political movement. Mahatma Gandhi, recently returned to India, began emerging as an increasingly charismatic leader under whose leadership civil disobedience movements grew rapidly as an expression of political unrest. The recently crushed Ghadar conspiracy, the presence of Mahendra Pratap's Kabul mission in Afghanistan (with possible links to then nascent Bolshevik Russia), and a still - active revolutionary movement especially in Punjab and Bengal (as well as worsening civil unrest throughout India) led to the appointment of a Sedition committee in 1918 chaired by Sidney Rowlatt, an English judge. It was tasked to evaluate German and Bolshevik links to the militant movement in India, especially in Punjab and Bengal. On the recommendations of the committee, the Rowlatt Act, an extension of the Defence of India Act 1915, was enforced in India to limit civil liberties.The costs of the protracted war in money and manpower were great. High casualty rates in the war, increasing inflation after the end, compounded by heavy taxation, the deadly 1918 flu pandemic, and the disruption of trade during the war escalated human suffering in India. The",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Alexander Rabinowitch",
"paragraph_text": "Alexander Rabinowitch (born 30 August 1934 in London) is an American historian. He is Professor Emeritus of History at the Indiana University, Bloomington, where he taught from 1968 until 1999, and Affiliated Research Scholar at theAlexander Rabinowitch (born 30 August 1934 in London) is an American historian. He is Professor Emeritus of History at the Indiana University, Bloomington, where he taught from 1968 until 1999, and Affiliated Research Scholar at the St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, since 2013. He is recognized internationally as a leading expert on the Bolsheviks, the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the Russian civil war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed] At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"paragraph_text": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what year was the version of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact published, which was orchestrated by the political figure who took over from the Bolshevik leader post the November Revolution? | [
{
"id": 92251,
"question": "who was the leader of the bolsheviks in 1917 during the november revolution",
"answer": "Vladimir Lenin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 34179,
"question": "Who succeeded #1 ?",
"answer": "Joseph Stalin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 23375,
"question": "What year was #2 ’s version of the pact published?",
"answer": "1948",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1948 | [] | true | What year saw the publication of the version of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, engineered by the politician who succeeded the leader of the Bolsheviks in the November Revolution? |
4hop1__58323_375563_161848_83118 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "North Korea at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire",
"paragraph_text": "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts.The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Demon Thief",
"paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonistDemon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Daylight saving time",
"paragraph_text": "George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria - Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30, 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Daylight saving time",
"paragraph_text": "A move to \"permanent daylight saving time\" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to \"standard\" or \"winter\" time in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Albania at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Time in New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": " in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike), while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutesDuring summer months -- from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April -- daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Daylight saving time",
"paragraph_text": "New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "1958 Asian Games",
"paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "San Gabriel, Texas",
"paragraph_text": "San Gabriel, Texas is a town located in northwest Milam County, Texas approximately 10 miles north of Thorndale on Ranch Road 486, or about 50 miles northeast of the Austin metropolitan area. San Gabriel's latitude is 30.694 North by longitude -97.196 West and has an elevation of 417 feet above sea level. San Gabriel appears on the San Gabriel U.S. Geological Survey Map and is in the Central Time Zone (UTC/GMT -6 hours - UTC/GMT -5 hours during Daylight Saving Time).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pattaya Kelappanum Pandiya",
"paragraph_text": "\"The Times of India\" gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, \"\"Pattaya Kelappanum Pandiyaa\" is very much a film from the 1990s. The problem is that it hews closer to the dreary ones from the decade. It is the kind of film that stops for the director to utter a punchline to a joke before displaying his name in the credit\". \"The New Indian Express\" wrote, \"The narration could have been crisper towards the latter part. \"Pattaya...\" may not have the best of screenplays, but it’s a fairly watchable and a clean wholesome family entertainer thanks to humour quotient\". Onlykollywood wrote: \"\"Pattaiya Kelapanum Paandiya\" is just another Tamil film which glorifies barbaric stalking in the first half and renders an atrocious justification in the second half. The only saving grace in the film is its occasional situational comedies appearing out of nowhere\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Book Thief (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "1952 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.Thirty nations sent competitors,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Daylight saving time by country",
"paragraph_text": "== Scheduled observance ==\n\nAs of January 2024, the following locations were scheduled to start and end DST at the following times:\n\nIn the table above, the DST start and end times refer to the local time before each change occurs, unless otherwise specified. The shift is the amount of time added at the DST start time and subtracted at the DST end time. For example, in Canada and the United States, when DST starts, the local time changes from 02:00 to 03:00, andAustralia Oceania Austral / South First Sunday October First Sunday April Main article: Daylight saving time in Australia DST used only in Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Lord Howe Island.4, DST is observed in most of Europe, most of North America and parts of Africa and Asia around the Northern Hemisphere summer, and in parts of South America and Oceania around the Southern Hemisphere summer. It was also formerly observed in other areas.\n\n\n== Scheduled observance ==\n\nAs of January 2024, theAustralia Oceania Austral / South First Sunday October First Sunday April Main article: Daylight saving time in Australia DST used only in Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Lord Howe Island.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the conclusion date for daylight savings in the nation adjacent to the home country of The Book Thief's writer? | [
{
"id": 58323,
"question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film",
"answer": "Markus Zusak",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 375563,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 161848,
"question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 83118,
"question": "when does daylight saving end in #3",
"answer": "the first Sunday in April",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | the first Sunday in April | [] | true | When does daylight savings end in the country near the country where the author of The Book Thief is from? |
3hop1__31995_24918_24939 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jurassic World",
"paragraph_text": "Jurassic World is a 2015 American science fiction adventure film and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park series, as well as the first film in a planned Jurassic World trilogy. The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow, produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, and stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard. The production companies were Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, also responsible for the rest of the Jurassic Park franchise, and Thomas Tull's Legendary Pictures. Set 22 years after the events of Jurassic Park, Jurassic World takes place on the same fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where a theme park populated with cloned dinosaurs has operated for ten years. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically created dinosaur breaks loose and goes on a rampage across the island.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Steven Spielberg",
"paragraph_text": "In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about \"a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension\", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a \"time element\" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Steven Spielberg",
"paragraph_text": "Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, \"I met a real heartbreaker last night.\":293 Although she was too young for the role,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Heather O'Rourke",
"paragraph_text": ".Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's mostHeather O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments.Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind",
"paragraph_text": "aterrestrials or \"animate beings\". Douglas Trumbull served as the visual effects supervisor, while Carlo Rambaldi designed theClose Encounters of the Third Kind Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Julia Phillips Michael Phillips Written by Steven Spielberg Starring Richard Dreyfuss Teri Garr Melinda Dillon François Truffaut Music by John Williams Cinematography Vilmos Zsigmond Edited by Michael Kahn Production company EMI Films Distributed by Columbia Pictures Release date November 16, 1977 (1977 - 11 - 16) Running time 135 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $20 million Box office $306.1 million",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Color Purple (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize - winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature - length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris - Johnson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Vasyl Stus, Oleksiy Tykhy, and Yuriy Lytvyn. Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery. On November 26, 1989, a day of prayer and fasting was proclaimed by Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev. On November 28, 1989, the Ukrainian SSR's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations. The decree was proclaimed on December 1, coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Roger Allen LaPorte",
"paragraph_text": "Roger Allen LaPorte (July 16, 1943 – November 10, 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in New York City on November 9, 1965, to protest the United States involvement in the war. A former seminarian, he was a 22-year-old member of the Catholic Worker Movement at the time of his death.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Heather O'Rourke",
"paragraph_text": "Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Land Before Time",
"paragraph_text": "The Land Before Time is a 1988 animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Kathleen Kennedy, and Frank Marshall. Based on an original story by Judy Freudberg and Tony Geiss and distributed by Universal Pictures, the franchise began in 1988 with the eponymous film, directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. Its success spawned an additional thirteen direct-to-video musical sequels before expanding into other media including video games, soundtracks, and related merchandising. Notably",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Post (film)",
"paragraph_text": " was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film.The Post is a 2017 American political thriller film about The Washington Post and the publication of the PentagonIn October 2016 Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film. attempts by journalists at The Washington Post to publish the infamous Pentagon Papers, a set of classified documents regarding the 20-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War and earlier in French Indochina back to the 1940s.\nPrincipal photography began in New York City in May 2017 andIn October 2016 Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Post (film)",
"paragraph_text": " a film.The Post is a 2017 American political thriller film about The Washington Post and the publication of the Pentagon Papers. It was directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, and written by Liz Hannah attempts by journalists at The Washington Post to publish the infamous Pentagon Papers, a set of classified documents regarding the 20-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War and earlier in French Indochina back to the 194The Post Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Steven Spielberg Kristie Macosko Krieger Amy Pascal Written by Liz Hannah Josh Singer Starring Meryl Streep Tom Hanks Sarah Paulson Bob Odenkirk Tracy Letts Bradley Whitford Bruce Greenwood Matthew Rhys Music by John Williams Cinematography Janusz Kamiński Edited by Michael Kahn Sarah Broshar Production company DreamWorks Pictures 20th Century Fox Amblin Entertainment Participant Media Pascal Pictures Star Thrower Entertainment TSG Entertainment Amblin Partners Distributed by 20th Century Fox (United States) Universal Pictures (International) Release date December 14, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 14) (Newseum) December 22, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 22) (United States) Running time 113 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $50 million Box office $168.7 million",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Post (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Post Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Steven Spielberg Kristie Macosko Krieger Amy Pascal Written by Liz Hannah Josh Singer Starring Meryl Streep Tom Hanks Sarah Paulson Bob Odenkirk Tracy Letts Bradley Whitford Bruce Greenwood Matthew Rhys Music by John Williams Cinematography Janusz Kamiński Edited by Michael Kahn Sarah Broshar Production company 20th Century Fox DreamWorks Pictures Amblin Entertainment Participant Media Pascal Pictures Star Thrower Entertainment TSG Entertainment Amblin Partners Distributed by 20th Century Fox (United States) Universal Pictures (International) Release date December 14, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 14) (Newseum) December 22, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 22) (United States) Running time 116 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $50 million Box office $174.5 million",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who did the visiting leader meet with on November 22 in the hometown of Steven Spielberg's grandparents? | [
{
"id": 31995,
"question": "Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 24918,
"question": "Who visited the #1 while the protests were taking place?",
"answer": "Gorbachev",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 24939,
"question": "Who met with #2 on November 22?",
"answer": "Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Pope John Paul II | [
"John Paul II"
] | true | The leader visiting where Steven Spielberg's grandparents are from met with whom on November 22? |
2hop__29191_80144 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (ap",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "1990 Polish presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "residential elections were held in Poland on 25 November 1990, with a second round on 9 December. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Poland, and the first free presidential elections since the May Coup ofThe leaderThe leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, won the first round. However, he did not earn over 50% of the vote, which led to a runoff election. Wałęsa faced Polish - Canadian businessman Stanisław Tymiński in the second round, defeating him easily.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Eurolot",
"paragraph_text": "Eurolot S.A. (previously styled as EuroLOT) was a Polish regional airline based in Warsaw. Apart from its own flights under the \"eurolot.com\" brand, it operated short-haul flights for LOT Polish Airlines, as well as ad-hoc charter flights. Its main base was Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (when operating for LOT), whilst its own flights centre on its hubs at John Paul II Kraków Airport and Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport. The airline had its head office in the LOT Polish Airlines headquarters in Warsaw. Eurolot ended operations on 31 March 2015. 2021, the three core cities were inhabited by 749,786 people, while the Tricity",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Frederic Jones",
"paragraph_text": "Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New Zealand politician.Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New Zealand politician. Originally from England, he settled in the colony in 1863 for health reasons.Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New Zealand politician. Originally from England, he settled in the colony in 1863 for health reasons.Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Henryk Opieński",
"paragraph_text": "iański, Józef Mehoffer, Stanisław Estreicher by tolling the Sigismund Bell.\nBetween 1888 and 1892 he studied chemistry at university in Prague to please his parents, while continuing his violin studies with Ferdinand LachnerHenryk Opieński (13 January 187021 January 1942) was a Polish composer, violinist, teacher, administrator and musicologist. His writings on, and collected letters by, Frédéric Chopin, were considered of paramount importance in Chopin studies of the time. of the time.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nOpieński was born in Kraków in 1870, and he commenced his study of the violin with Vincent Singer there. When aged 12 in 1882, he participated in a juvenile prank",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Frederic W. Boatwright",
"paragraph_text": "rederic William Boatwright (January 28, 1868 – October 31, 1951) was president of Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from 1895 to 1946.\nBorn in White SulphurFrederic W. Boatwright (January 28, 1868 – October 31, 1951) was president of Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from 1895 to 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mátyás Szűrös",
"paragraph_text": "Mátyás Szűrös (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmaːcaːʃ ˈsyːrøʃ]; born 11 September 1933 in Püspökladány) is a Hungarian politician. He served as provisional President of the Republic from 23 October 1989 to 2 May 1990. His presidency occurred during Hungary's transition from Communism to democratic government.Szűrös served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary from March 1989 to May 1990. In the fall of 1989, as part of an agreement between the Communists and the opposition to establish multiparty democracy, the 1949 Constitution was almost completely rewritten to remove its Communist character. The Presidential Council, the country's Communist-era collective presidency, was dissolved. Under the Constitution, Szűrös became provisional president until the election. Soon after taking office on 23 October he made the official proclamation that Hungary had removed the \"People's Republic\" from its constitutional name and was now the \"Republic of Hungary.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You",
"paragraph_text": "``How Am I Supposed to Live Without You ''was supposed to be recorded by the duo Air Supply. But when Arista President Clive Davis asked for permission to change the lyrics of the chorus, Bolton refused, and Davis let go of the song. Subsequently Laura Branigan recorded it as written, and it became the first major hit for the two songwriters. Bolton's own rendition became a worldwide hit in early 1990.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano. He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era, whose \"poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation.\" Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising.Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).Chop",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "ide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide;Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil, Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Paris",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as Trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadors were also popular. During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. During the Renaissance era, the French Boleroroyals \"disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy\". Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin and were popular. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms. Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence. They include Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who was inaugurated as the president in 1990 of the nation where Frederic Chopin was born? | [
{
"id": 29191,
"question": "Where was Frederic Chopin from?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 80144,
"question": "who became the president of #1 in 1990",
"answer": "Lech Wałęsa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Lech Wałęsa | [] | true | Who became the president of Frederic Chopin's original country in 1990? |
3hop1__131820_59747_48534 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "University of Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution, adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union following a very famous bloody internal civil war known as \"Bleeding Kansas\" during the 1850s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Maxwell Land Grant",
"paragraph_text": "The Maxwell Land Grant, also known as the Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant, was a Mexican land grant in Colfax County, New Mexico and part of adjoining Las Animas County, Colorado. This 1841 land grant was one of the largest contiguous private landholdings in the history of the United States. The New Mexico towns of Cimarron, Colfax, Dawson, Elizabethtown, French, Lynn, Maxwell, Miami, Raton, Rayado, Springer, Ute Park and Vermejo Park, came to be located within the grant, as well as numerous other towns that are now ghost towns., as well as numerous places that are now ghost towns.\nThe governor of New Mexico (then part of Mexico) awarded the grant to Mexican citizens Carlos Beaubien and Guadalupe Miranda in 1841. Boundaries at first were vague. The owners encouraged settlement on the grant lands. Beaubien's son-in-law Lucien B. Maxwell attained ownership of the grant and sold it to European investors in 1870. Gold and coal mining, ranch",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "AS 27).The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC),Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Anita, Iowa",
"paragraph_text": "ita is a city in Cass County, Iowa, United States, platted in 1869 and incorporated in 1875. The population was 963 at the 2020 census. Lake Anita State Park is located just outside the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nA violent F5 tornado occurred just east of the town on June Anita is a city in Cass CountyAnita is a city in Cass County, Iowa, United States, platted in 1869 and incorporated in 1875. The population was 972 at the 2010 census. Lake Anita State Park is located just outside the town.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Belfast",
"paragraph_text": "Belfast (/ ˈbɛlfɑːst / or / - fæst /; from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning ``rivermouth of the sandbanks '') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, and the second largest on the island of Ireland. On the River Lagan, it had a population of 333,871 in 2015. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Seaport Centre",
"paragraph_text": "Seaport Centre is a high-tech business park located in Redwood City, California, United States, and as of 2007 is one of the largest biotechnology research complexes in the San Francisco Bay Area.Seaport Centre is a high-tech business park located in Redwood City, California, United States, and as of 2007 is one of the largest biotechnology research complexes in the San Francisco Bay Area.Seaport Centre is a high-tech business park located in Redwood City, California, United States, and as of 2007 is one of the largest biotechnology research complexes in the San Francisco Bay Area.Seaport Centre is a high-tech business park located in Redwood City, California, United States, and as of 2007 is one of the largest biotechnology research complexes in the San Francisco Bay Area.Seaport Centre is a high-tech business park located in Redwood City, California, United States, and as of 2007 is one of the largest biotechnology research",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bozeman, Montana",
"paragraph_text": "Bozeman ( BOHZ-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2020 census put Bozeman's population at 53,293 making it the fourth-largest city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, Montana, Micropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County with a population of 118,960. It is theBozeman is a city in and the seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2010 census put Bozeman's population at 37,280 and by 2016 the population rose to 45,250, making it the fourth largest city in Montana. It is the principal cityBozeman is a city in and the seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2010 census put Bozeman's population at 37,280 and by 2016 the population rose to 45,250, making it the fourth largest city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County with a population of 97,304. It is the largest Micropolitan Statistical Area in Montana and is the third largest of all of Montana's statistical areas.The city is named after John M. Bozeman who established the Bozeman Trail and was a founder of the town in August 1864. The town became incorporated in April 1883 with a city council form of government and in January 1922 transitioned to its current city manager/city commission form of government. Bozeman was elected an All-America City in 2001 by the National Civic League.Bozeman is home to Montana State University. The local newspaper is the Bozeman Daily Chronicle, and the city is served by Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Grant Park, Atlanta",
"paragraph_text": "Grant Park was established in 1883 when Lemuel P. Grant, a successful engineer and businessman, gave the city of Atlanta 100 acres (40 ha) in the newly developed ``suburb ''where he lived. In 1890, the city acquired another 44 acres (18 ha) for the park and appointed its first park commissioner, Sidney Root. In 1903, the Olmsted Brothers (sons of Frederick Law Olmsted) were hired to create a plan for the park. The original park included a lake, named Lake Abana, to handle storm - water runoff.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mississippi",
"paragraph_text": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. ",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each.The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents,The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Medford, Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Medford is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 996.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Boston's largest body of freshwater, and Franklin Park, the city's largest park and home of the Franklin Park Zoo. Another major park is the Esplanade, located along the banks of the Charles River. The Hatch Shell, an outdoor concert venue, is located adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with the major parks and beaches located near Castle Island; in Charlestown; and along the Dorchester, South Boston, and East Boston shorelines.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Blue Springs, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "WEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": "The Papalote children's museum, which houses the world's largest dome screen, is located in the wooded park of Chapultepec, near the Museo Tecnológico, and La Feria amusement park. The theme park Six Flags México (the largest amusement park in Latin America) is located in the Ajusco neighborhood, in Tlalpan borough, southern Mexico City. During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | To whom does the name of Grant Park, located in the most populous city of the state where WEKL is based, refer? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 48534,
"question": "who is grant park in #2 named after",
"answer": "Lemuel P. Grant, a successful engineer and businessman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Lemuel P. Grant, a successful engineer and businessman | [] | true | Who is Grant Park, in the largest city by population in the state where WEKL is found, named after? |
2hop__160092_80144 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jennifer Rush (1984 album)",
"paragraph_text": "ennifer Rush is the debut studio album by American pop singer Jennifer Rush, released on March 2, 1984 by CBS Records International. The album was commercially successful across Europe, reaching the top 10 in many countries, including Germany, where it spent 97 weeks on the chart. It features the song \"The Power of Love\", which when released as aJennifer Rush is the debut album by American singer Jennifer Rush. It became a big-seller across Europe, hitting the top ten in many countries, including Germany, where it remained on the charts for over 100 weeks. The album features the song \"The Power of Love\" which when released as a single, reached number one in several countries around the world.Jennifer Rush is the debut studio album by American pop singerJennifer Rush is the debut album by American singer Jennifer Rush. It became a big-seller across Europe, hitting the top ten in many countries, including Germany, where it remained on the charts for over 100 weeks. The album features the song \"The Power of Love\" which when released as a single, reached number one in several countries around the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "German reunification",
"paragraph_text": "The German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR (German: DDR) / East Germany) became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG (German: BRD) / West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: Deutsche Einheit), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: Tag der deutschen Einheit). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You",
"paragraph_text": "``How Am I Supposed to Live Without You ''was supposed to be recorded by the duo Air Supply. But when Arista President Clive Davis asked for permission to change the lyrics of the chorus, Bolton refused, and Davis let go of the song. Subsequently Laura Branigan recorded it as written, and it became the first major hit for the two songwriters. Bolton's own rendition became a worldwide hit in early 1990.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation",
"paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "History of Germany",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 1930s, the worldwide Great Depression hit Germany hard, as unemployment soared and people lost confidence in the government. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. His Nazi Party quickly established a totalitarian regime, and Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands, threatening war if they were not met. Remilitarization of the Rhineland came in 1936, then annexation of Austria in the Anschluss and parts of Czechoslovakia with the Munich Agreement in 1938, and further territory of Czechoslovakia in 1939. On 1 September 1939, Germany initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland. After forming a pact with the Soviet Union in 1939, Hitler and Stalin divided Eastern Europe. After a \"Phoney War\" in spring 1940, the Germans swept Denmark and Norway, the Low Countries, and France, giving Germany control of nearly all of Western Europe. Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Vilhelm Aubert",
"paragraph_text": "Vilhelm Aubert was born in Kristiania in 1922. He was the older brother of mathematician Karl Egil Aubert, born 1924. Vilhelm Aubert enrolled at the University of Oslo in 1940, the same year as Norway was invaded by Germany as a part of the Second World War. Aubert became a member of the illegal intelligence organization XU.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup",
"paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "East Germany–West Germany football rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "On national team level West Germany played its first post-war international on 22 November 1950 against Switzerland in Stuttgart, while East Germany played their first game against Poland on 21 September 1952 in Warsaw and its 293rdOn national team level West Germany played its first post-war international on 22 November 1950 against Switzerland in Stuttgart, while East Germany played their first game against Poland on 21 September 1952 in Warsaw and its 293rd and last on 12 September 1990 against Belgium in Brussels. The two sides met just once on senior national team level, on 22 June 1974, in a group game of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, held in West Germany. The game in Hamburg, in front of 62,000, was won 1 -- 0 by the guest team courtesy to a goal by Jürgen Sparwasser. East Germany finished the tournament in sixth place while West Germany won the FIFA World Cup. For the East it was the only participation while the West won the 1954 and 1990 editions as well. The two countries never met again at this level despite West Germany frequently requesting a rematch but the East declining, despite strong interest from East German players, coaches and fans. With the German reunification a special game between the two former countries was planned for 21 November 1990 in Leipzig but was cancelled after a fatal shooting of a supporter at a game between FC Sachsen Leipzig and FC Berlin by the police on 3 November. West and East Germany had been drawn against each other for the qualifying of the 1992 UEFA European Football Championship but the latter was withdrawn because of the German reunification.On national team level West Germany played its first post-war international on 22 November 1950 against Switzerland in Stuttgart, while East Germany played their first game against Poland on 21 September 1952 in Warsaw and its 293rd and last on 12 September 1990 against Belgium in Brussels. The two sides met just once on senior national team level, on 22 June 1974, in a group game of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, held in West Germany. The game in Hamburg, in front of 62,000,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Rolf Jähnichen",
"paragraph_text": " After that, between 1970 and 1990 he was production director and deputy chairman of the Neukirchen Agriculture Co-operative at Borna.\n\n\n== Politics ==\nRolf Jähnichen joined the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) in 1981. (Unlike its west German counterpart, the East German CDU, as part of the country's National Front alliance was effectively controlled by the country's ruling SED party.) Between 1984 and 1989 Jähnichen was a member of the local council in hisRolf Jähnichen joined the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) in 1981. (Unlike its west German counterpart, the East German CDU, as part of the country's National Front alliance was effectively controlled by the country's ruling SED party.) Between 1984 and 1989 Jähnichen was a member of the local council in his hometown of , on the edge of Leipzig. Between 1989 and 1990 he was a member of the CDU party executive. months before the outbreak of war in a small town in the mining region known sometimes as \"Saxon Switzerland\" near the frontier with Czech",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Miloš Zeman",
"paragraph_text": "iloš Zeman (Czech: [��m��lo�� ��z��man] ; born 28 September 194Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Juan Mayr",
"paragraph_text": "Juan Mayr Maldonado (born 27 May 1952) is a Colombian photographer and environmentalist currently serving as Ambassador of Colombia to Germany. From 1993 to 1996, Mayr was elected Vice President of the World Conservation Union. In 1998 he became Minister of Environment of Colombia. He has also been president of the United Nations' conference on Biosafety.Juan Mayr Maldonado (born 27 May 1952) is a Colombian photographer and environmentalist currently serving as Ambassador of Colombia to Germany. From 1993 to 1996, Mayr was elected Vice President of the World Conservation Union. In 1998 he became Minister of Environment of Colombia. He has also been president of the United",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Gleiwitz incident",
"paragraph_text": "The Gleiwitz incident was a part of a larger operation carried out by Abwehr and SS forces. Other orchestrated incidents were conducted along the Polish-German border at the same time as the Gleiwitz attack, such as a house burning in the Polish Corridor and spurious propaganda. The project was called Operation Himmler and comprised incidents giving the appearanceThe Gleiwitz incident was a part of a larger operation carried out by Abwehr and SS forces. Other orchestrated incidents were conducted along the Polish-German border at the same time as the Gleiwitz attack, such as a house burning in the Polish Corridor and spurious propaganda. The project was called Operation Himmler and comprised incidents giving the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany. German newspapers and politicians, including Adolf Hitler, had made accusations against Polish authorities for months before the 1939 invasion of organising or tolerating violent ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans living in Poland. On 1 September 1939, the day following the Gleiwitz attack, Germany launched Fall Weiss (Case White) the invasion of Poland, which precipitated World War II in Europe. Hitler cited the border incidents in a speech in the Reichstag on the same day, with three of them called very serious, as justification for his invasion of Poland. Hitler had told his generals on 22 August, \"I will provide a propagandistic casus belli. Its credibility doesn't matter. The victor will not be asked whether he told the truth\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "1990 Polish presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "The leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, won the first round. However, he did not earn over 50% of the vote, which led to a runoff election. Wałęsa faced Polish - Canadian businessman Stanisław Tymiński in the second round, defeating him easily.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2014 FIFA World Cup",
"paragraph_text": "In the final, Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 to win the tournament and secure the country's fourth world title, the first after the German reunification in 1990, when as West Germany they also beat Argentina in the World Cup final. Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas, and this result marked the first time that nations from the same continent won three consecutive tournaments (following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hans Modrow",
"paragraph_text": "Hans Modrow (; born 27 January 1928) is a German left-wing politician, best known as the last communist premier of East Germany and the country's \"de facto\" leader from 1989 to 1990. He was convicted of electoral fraud by the Dresden District Court in 1995. He is currently the honorary Chairman of the Left Party.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who took on the role of president in 1990 for the nation that was invaded by Germany? | [
{
"id": 160092,
"question": "What country did Germany invade?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 80144,
"question": "who became the president of #1 in 1990",
"answer": "Lech Wałęsa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Lech Wałęsa | [] | true | In 1990, who became the president of the country that Germany invaded? |
3hop2__106842_30645_84681 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "History of New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Wyoming, Delaware",
"paragraph_text": "Wyoming is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It was named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania. It is part of the Dover, Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nassau Valley Vineyards",
"paragraph_text": "Nassau Valley Vineyards was the first winery in the state of Delaware in the United States, and is currently the largest in the state. When jazz singer Peggy Raley decided to open a winery in Delaware, she first had to get the local state legislature to pass a law allowing wineries in the state. By 1991 she drafted the necessary legislation, and she obtained a license and opened the vineyard in 1993. Until October 2007, when Pizzadili Winery opened, it was the first and only winery in the state. There are eight acres of property at the site, and it caters to the beach-bound tourist traffic in the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "New Netherland",
"paragraph_text": "On August 27, 1664, four English frigates led by Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender. They met no resistance because numerous citizens' requests had gone unheeded for protection by a suitable Dutch garrison against ``the deplorable and tragic massacres ''by the natives. That lack of adequate fortification, ammunition, and manpower made New Amsterdam defenseless, as well as the indifference from the West India Company to previous pleas for reinforcement of men and ships against`` the continual troubles, threats, encroachments and invasions of the English neighbors.'' Stuyvesant negotiated successfully for good terms from his ``too powerful enemies ''. In the Articles of Transfer, he and his council secured the principle of religious tolerance in Article VIII, which assured that New Netherlanders`` shall keep and enjoy the liberty of their consciences in religion'' under English rule. The Articles were largely observed in New Amsterdam and the Hudson River Valley, but they were immediately violated by the English along the Delaware River, where pillaging, looting, and arson were undertaken under the orders of English officer Sir Robert Carr, Kt. who had been dispatched to secure the valley. Many Dutch settlers were sold into slavery in Virginia on Carr's orders, and an entire Mennonite settlement was wiped out, led by Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy near modern Lewes, Delaware. The 1667 Treaty of Breda ended the Second Anglo - Dutch War; the Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland, and the status quo was maintained, with the Dutch occupying Suriname and the nutmeg island of Run.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Philabundance",
"paragraph_text": "Philabundance is a non-profit food bank that serves the Philadelphia and Delaware Valley region of Pennsylvania, United States. It is the largest such organization in the region.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "This Divided State",
"paragraph_text": "This Divided State is a documentary film by first-time filmmaker Steven Greenstreet that details the conflict that erupted at Utah Valley State College, now called Utah Valley University, when controversial figure Michael Moore was scheduled to come speak on campus shortly before the 2004 presidential election. the 2004 presidential election. The documentary explores rising political partisanship in the United States as Greenstreet examines the uproar from the students and community members and the subsequent debate surrounding the First Amendment. \n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn September 2004, UVSC student council leaders, Jim Bassi and Joseph Vogel, invited liberal filmmaker Michael Moore to come speak on campus at Utah Valley State College. The predominantly conservative community of Orem surrounding the school erupted in an uproar, believing that the university's funds should not be spent on his visit. A pandemonium of protests, petitions, and demonstrations escalated into hate mail, threatening phone calls, threatened lawsuits, and countless incendiary editorials.\nAttempting to offset the controversy, UVSC invited conservative commentator Sean Hannity",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Peace in the Valley",
"paragraph_text": "``Peace in the Valley ''is a 1937 song written by Thomas A. Dorsey, originally for Mahalia Jackson. The song became a hit in 1951 for Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys, reaching number seven on the Country & Western Best Seller chart. It was among the first gospel recordings to sell one million copies. Foley's version was a 2006 entry into the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry.``Peace in the Valley ''is a 1937 song written by Thomas A. Dorsey, originally for Mahalia Jackson. The song became a hit in 1951 for Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys, reaching number seven on the Country & Western Best Seller chart. It was among the first gospel recordings to sell one million copies. Foley's``Peace in the Valley ''is a 1937 song written by Thomas A. Dorsey, originally for Mahalia Jackson. The song became a hit in 1951 for Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys, reaching number seven on the Country & Western Best Seller chart. It was among the first gospel recordings to sell one million copies. Foley's version was a 2006 entry into the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Friends School Mullica Hill",
"paragraph_text": "Friends School Mullica Hill is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Elementary Schools, and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools, the Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools and the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "John M. Clayton",
"paragraph_text": " John M. Clayton studied at Berlin, Maryland and Milford, Delaware when his parents moved there. His boyhood home, known as the Parson Thorne Mansion, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. He graduated from Yale University in 1815, where he was a member of Brothers in Unity and thenJohn Middleton Clayton (July 24, 1796 – November 9, 1856) was an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware and U.S. Secretary of State.== Early life and family ==\n\nBorn in Dagsboro, Delaware, son of Sarah (née Middleton) and James Clayton. His uncle, Dr. Joshua Clayton, was a former Governor of Delaware and his cousin, Thomas Clayton, was a prominent lawyer, U.S. Senator, and jurist. John M. Clayton studied at Berlin, Maryland and Milford, Delaware when his parents moved there. His boyhood home, known as the Parson Thorne Mansion, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. He graduated from Yale University in 1815, where he was a member of Brothers in Unity and then studied law at the Litchfield Law School. In 1819 he began the practice of law in Dover",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "I Feel Lucky",
"paragraph_text": "\"I Feel Lucky\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in May 1992 as the first single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The Chipettes recorded a cover of this song for the 1992 album \"Chipmunks in Low Places\". It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz.\"I Feel Lucky\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in May 1992 as the first single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The\"I Feel Lucky\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in May 1992 as the first single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The Chipettes recorded a cover of this song for the 1992 album \"Chipmunks in Low Places\". It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Philadelphia",
"paragraph_text": "Europeans came to the Delaware Valley in the early 17th century, with the first settlements founded by the Dutch, who in 1623 built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River opposite the Schuylkill River in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina (present day Wilmington, Delaware) and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their military defeat of the English colony of Maryland. In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill near the present-day Eastwick section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The Swedes responded by building Fort Nya Korsholm, named New Korsholm after a town that is now in Finland. In 1655, a Dutch military campaign led by New Netherland Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence, although the Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to have their own militia, religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, but the situation did not really change until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "William H. Boyce",
"paragraph_text": "William Henry Boyce, (November 28, 1855 – February 6, 1942) was an American lawyer and politician from Georgetown, in Sussex County, Delaware, and later from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court and U. S. Representative from Delaware.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Thompsonville, Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "Thompsonville is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. It was established in 1851 by a group of Mormon settlers who refused to follow the main group led by Brigham Young into the Salt Lake Valley of Utah. Among those settlers was Emily Trask Cutler, one of the plural wives of Heber C. Kimball, counselor to Young and daughter of John Alpheus Cutler, who founded the Cutlerite sect at Manti, Iowa while en route with the main body to the Salt Lake Valley.Thompsonville is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. It was established in 1851 by a group of Mormon settlers who refused to follow the main group led by Brigham Young into the Salt Lake Valley of Utah. Among those settlers was Emily Tr",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "@Seven",
"paragraph_text": " the last 24 hours from New Zealand and the rest of the world. The show replaced \"Campbell Live\", a New Zealand current-affairs program for the Summer Holidays in 2009/2010 whilst \"Campbell Live\" took a break. \"@Seven\" finished for theAt Seven, commonly stylised as @Seven, was a New Zealand comedy show where Petra Bagust and other comedians present the \"real news\" from the last 24 hours from New Zealand and the rest of the world. The show replaced \"Campbell Live\", a New Zealand current-affairs program for the Summer Holidays in 2009/2010 whilst \"Campbell Live\" took a break. \"@Seven\" finished for the 2009/2010 summer holiday break on 22 January 2010 and was replaced with the normal TV3 7pm show, \"Campbell Live\". \"@Seven\" did not return the following summer break instead TV3 screened re-runs of \"Modern Family\".",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the initial settlers of the Delaware Valley arrive in the nation that created the @Seven program? | [
{
"id": 106842,
"question": "What is the country @Seven is from?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 30645,
"question": "Who were the first settlers to the Delaware Valley?",
"answer": "the Dutch",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 84681,
"question": "when did the #2 come to #1",
"answer": "13 December 1642",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 13 December 1642 | [] | true | When did the people who first settled the Delaware Valley come to the country which produced the show @Seven? |
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