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[ { "title": "Gill slit", "text": "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits , but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs . Shark gill slits lie in a row behind the head . The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile , moving outward to allow water to exit , but closing to prevent reverse flow . A modified slit , called a spiracle , lies just behind the eye , which assists the shark with taking in water during respiration and plays a major role in bottom -- dwelling sharks . Spiracles are reduced or missing in active pelagic sharks . While the shark is moving , water passes through the mouth and over the gills in a process known as `` ram ventilation '' . While at rest , most sharks pump water over their gills to ensure a constant supply of oxygenated water . A small number of species have lost the ability to pump water through their gills and must swim without rest . These species are obligate ram ventilators and would presumably asphyxiate if unable to move . Obligate ram ventilation is also true of some pelagic bony fish species . ", "sentences": [ "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits , but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs .", "Shark gill slits lie in a row behind the head .", "The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile , moving outward to allow water to exit , but closing to prevent reverse flow .", "A modified slit , called a spiracle , lies just behind the eye , which assists the shark with taking in water during respiration and plays a major role in bottom -- dwelling sharks .", "Spiracles are reduced or missing in active pelagic sharks .", "While the shark is moving , water passes through the mouth and over the gills in a process known as `` ram ventilation '' .", "While at rest , most sharks pump water over their gills to ensure a constant supply of oxygenated water .", "A small number of species have lost the ability to pump water through their gills and must swim without rest .", "These species are obligate ram ventilators and would presumably asphyxiate if unable to move .", "Obligate ram ventilation is also true of some pelagic bony fish species ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits, but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs. The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile, moving outward to allow water to exit, but closing to prevent reverse flow.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits , but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs .", "The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile , moving outward to allow water to exit , but closing to prevent reverse flow ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits, but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs. The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile, moving outward to allow water to exit, but closing to prevent reverse flow. While the shark is moving, water passes through the mouth and over the gills in a process known as `` ram ventilation ''. While at rest, most sharks pump water over their gills to ensure a constant supply of oxygenated water.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits , but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs .", "The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile , moving outward to allow water to exit , but closing to prevent reverse flow .", "While the shark is moving , water passes through the mouth and over the gills in a process known as `` ram ventilation '' .", "While at rest , most sharks pump water over their gills to ensure a constant supply of oxygenated water ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Belshazzar's feast", "text": "Belshazzar 's feast , or the story of the writing on the wall ( chapter 5 in the Book of Daniel ) tells how Belshazzar holds a great feast and drinks from the vessels that had been looted in the destruction of the First Temple . A hand appears and writes on the wall . The terrified Belshazzar calls for his wise men , but they are unable to read the writing . The queen advises him to send for Daniel , renowned for his wisdom . Daniel reminds Belshazzar that his father Nebuchadnezzar , when he became arrogant , was thrown down until he learned that God has sovereignty over the kingdom of men . Belshazzar had likewise blasphemed God , and so God sent this hand . Daniel then reads the message and interprets it : God has numbered Belshazzar 's days , he has been weighed and found wanting , and his kingdom will be given to the Medes and the Persians . ", "sentences": [ "Belshazzar 's feast , or the story of the writing on the wall ( chapter 5 in the Book of Daniel ) tells how Belshazzar holds a great feast and drinks from the vessels that had been looted in the destruction of the First Temple .", "A hand appears and writes on the wall .", "The terrified Belshazzar calls for his wise men , but they are unable to read the writing .", "The queen advises him to send for Daniel , renowned for his wisdom .", "Daniel reminds Belshazzar that his father Nebuchadnezzar , when he became arrogant , was thrown down until he learned that God has sovereignty over the kingdom of men .", "Belshazzar had likewise blasphemed God , and so God sent this hand .", "Daniel then reads the message and interprets it : God has numbered Belshazzar 's days , he has been weighed and found wanting , and his kingdom will be given to the Medes and the Persians ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Belshazzar's feast, or the story of the writing on the wall tells how Belshazzar holds a great feast and drinks from the vessels that had been looted in the destruction of the First Temple.\r\n A hand appears and writes on the wall.\r\n Daniel then reads the message and interprets it: God has numbered Belshazzar 's days, he has been weighed and found wanting, and his kingdom will be given to the Medes and the Persians.", "selected_sentences": [ "Belshazzar 's feast , or the story of the writing on the wall ( chapter 5 in the Book of Daniel ) tells how Belshazzar holds a great feast and drinks from the vessels that had been looted in the destruction of the First Temple .", "A hand appears and writes on the wall .", "Daniel then reads the message and interprets it : God has numbered Belshazzar 's days , he has been weighed and found wanting , and his kingdom will be given to the Medes and the Persians ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Climate of Alabama", "text": "Summers in Alabama are one of the hottest in the United States , with high temperatures averaging over 90 ° F ( 32 ° C ) throughout the summer in many parts of the state . The heat of summer is tempered in the extreme south by the winds from the Gulf of Mexico which often blow inland by up to 10 -- 15 miles , and in the north by the elevation above the sea . Afternoon high temperatures are highest in Montgomery ( 92.4 degrees daily from June through August ) and in Tuscaloosa . The average nighttime humidity is highest in southwest Alabama , which results in the highest average ( high plus low temperature ) for reporting stations in the state . While afternoon highs in Mobile are cooler than their inland sister cities , the remaining warm air trapped near the Gulf at night results in the average annual temperature for Mobiles being the highest in the southwest along the coast . Cool morning temperatures help keep the northeast highlands among the more temperate locations in the state and lowest in the northeast among the highlands . Thus at Mobile the annual mean is 67 ° F ( 19 ° C ) , the mean for the summer 81 ° F ( 27 ° C ) , and for the winter 52 ° F ( 11 ° C ) ; and at Valley Head , in De Kalb county , the annual mean is 59 ° F ( 15 ° C ) , the mean for the summer 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ) , and for the winter 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ) . At Montgomery , in the central region , the average annual temperature is 66 ° F ( 19 ° C ) , with a winter average of 49 ° F ( 9 ° C ) , and a summer average of 81 ° F ( 27 ° C ) . The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) , and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing - point . At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below zero ( - 18 ° C ) , as was the case in the remarkable cold wave of the 12th - 13 February 1899 , when an absolute minimum of - 17 ° F ( - 29 ° C ) was registered at Valley Head . The highest temperature ever recorded was 111 ° F ( 44 ° C ) in Centreville in 1925 . Close competing temperatures occurred in 2007 when during the August heat wave , three instances of official 108 degree heat were recorded at Maxwell AFB in Montgomery , each tying the all - time record for the capital city . Winters are generally mild in Alabama , as they are throughout most of the southeastern United States , with average January low temperatures around 40 ° F ( 4 ° C ) in Mobile , around 31 ° F ( − 1 ° C ) in Huntsville , around 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) in Montgomery , and around 33 ° F ( 1 ° C ) in Birmingham . ", "sentences": [ "Summers in Alabama are one of the hottest in the United States , with high temperatures averaging over 90 ° F ( 32 ° C ) throughout the summer in many parts of the state .", "The heat of summer is tempered in the extreme south by the winds from the Gulf of Mexico which often blow inland by up to 10 -- 15 miles , and in the north by the elevation above the sea .", "Afternoon high temperatures are highest in Montgomery ( 92.4 degrees daily from June through August ) and in Tuscaloosa .", "The average nighttime humidity is highest in southwest Alabama , which results in the highest average ( high plus low temperature ) for reporting stations in the state .", "While afternoon highs in Mobile are cooler than their inland sister cities , the remaining warm air trapped near the Gulf at night results in the average annual temperature for Mobiles being the highest in the southwest along the coast .", "Cool morning temperatures help keep the northeast highlands among the more temperate locations in the state and lowest in the northeast among the highlands .", "Thus at Mobile the annual mean is 67 ° F ( 19 ° C ) , the mean for the summer 81 ° F ( 27 ° C ) , and for the winter 52 ° F ( 11 ° C ) ; and at Valley Head , in De Kalb county , the annual mean is 59 ° F ( 15 ° C ) , the mean for the summer 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ) , and for the winter 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ) .", "At Montgomery , in the central region , the average annual temperature is 66 ° F ( 19 ° C ) , with a winter average of 49 ° F ( 9 ° C ) , and a summer average of 81 ° F ( 27 ° C ) .", "The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) , and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing - point .", "At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below zero ( - 18 ° C ) , as was the case in the remarkable cold wave of the 12th - 13 February 1899 , when an absolute minimum of - 17 ° F ( - 29 ° C ) was registered at Valley Head .", "The highest temperature ever recorded was 111 ° F ( 44 ° C ) in Centreville in 1925 .", "Close competing temperatures occurred in 2007 when during the August heat wave , three instances of official 108 degree heat were recorded at Maxwell AFB in Montgomery , each tying the all - time record for the capital city .", "Winters are generally mild in Alabama , as they are throughout most of the southeastern United States , with average January low temperatures around 40 ° F ( 4 ° C ) in Mobile , around 31 ° F ( − 1 ° C ) in Huntsville , around 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) in Montgomery , and around 33 ° F ( 1 ° C ) in Birmingham ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F (2 ° C), and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing - point. Winters are generally mild in Alabama with average January low temperatures around 40 ° F (4 ° C) in Mobile, around 31 ° F (− 1 ° C) in Huntsville, around 35 ° F (2 ° C) in Montgomery, and around 33 ° F (1 ° C) in Birmingham.", "selected_sentences": [ "The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) , and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing - point .", "Winters are generally mild in Alabama , as they are throughout most of the southeastern United States , with average January low temperatures around 40 ° F ( 4 ° C ) in Mobile , around 31 ° F ( − 1 ° C ) in Huntsville , around 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ) in Montgomery , and around 33 ° F ( 1 ° C ) in Birmingham ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hounded (The Walking Dead)", "text": "Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) , still trying to cope with the death of his wife , Lori ( Sarah Wayne Callies ) after childbirth , is alone in the prison boiler room where she had died when the phone rings . He answers it to hear the voice of Amy ( Emma Bell ) telling him she is in a safe place and will call back later . Later , a second call from Jim ( Andrew Rothenberg ) asks him to explain his justification for killing other people and berates him for refusing to talk about Lori 's death before dropping the call . A third call from Jacqui ( Jeryl Prescott Sales ) draws Rick to try to explain his refusal to talk about Lori 's death . Finally , the last call is from Lori ; realization dawns on him that these calls have come from those that have died , and all imagined as part of his grief . He leaves the boiler room , cleans himself up , and goes to join the rest of the group , seeing his daughter for the first time since he saw Maggie carry her into the yard after she was born . ", "sentences": [ "Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) , still trying to cope with the death of his wife , Lori", "( Sarah Wayne Callies ) after childbirth , is alone in the prison boiler room where she had died when the phone rings .", "He answers it to hear the voice of Amy ( Emma Bell ) telling him she is in a safe place and will call back later .", "Later , a second call from Jim ( Andrew Rothenberg ) asks him to explain his justification for killing other people and berates him for refusing to talk about Lori 's death before dropping the call .", "A third call from Jacqui ( Jeryl Prescott Sales ) draws Rick to try to explain his refusal to talk about Lori 's death .", "Finally , the last call is from Lori ; realization dawns on him that these calls have come from those that have died , and all imagined as part of his grief .", "He leaves the boiler room , cleans himself up , and goes to join the rest of the group , seeing his daughter for the first time since he saw Maggie carry her into the yard after she was born ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Rick answers it to hear the voice of Amy telling him she is in a safe place. A second call from Jim asks him to explain his justification for killing other people and berates him for refusing to talk about Lori's death before dropping the call. A third call from Jacqui draws Rick to try to explain his refusal to talk about Lori's death. Finally, the last call is from Lori; realization dawns on him that these calls have come from those that have died, and all imagined as part of his grief.", "selected_sentences": [ "Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) , still trying to cope with the death of his wife , Lori", "He answers it to hear the voice of Amy ( Emma Bell ) telling him she is in a safe place and will call back later .", "Later , a second call from Jim ( Andrew Rothenberg ) asks him to explain his justification for killing other people and berates him for refusing to talk about Lori 's death before dropping the call .", "A third call from Jacqui ( Jeryl Prescott Sales ) draws Rick to try to explain his refusal to talk about Lori 's death .", "Finally , the last call is from Lori ; realization dawns on him that these calls have come from those that have died , and all imagined as part of his grief ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Rick got calls from Amy ( Emma Bell ), Jim ( Andrew Rothenberg ), Jacqui ( Jeryl Prescott Sales ), and Lori.", "selected_sentences": [ "Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) , still trying to cope with the death of his wife , Lori", "He answers it to hear the voice of Amy ( Emma Bell ) telling him she is in a safe place and will call back later .", "Later , a second call from Jim ( Andrew Rothenberg ) asks him to explain his justification for killing other people and berates him for refusing to talk about Lori 's death before dropping the call .", "A third call from Jacqui ( Jeryl Prescott Sales ) draws Rick to try to explain his refusal to talk about Lori 's death .", "Finally , the last call is from Lori ; realization dawns on him that these calls have come from those that have died , and all imagined as part of his grief ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Catalonia", "text": "Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya , Occitan : Catalonha , Spanish : Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula . It is one of Spain 's eight communities which are designated as a nationality by their Statute of Autonomy . Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Catalonia comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées - Orientales ) . It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . ", "sentences": [ "Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya , Occitan : Catalonha , Spanish : Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula .", "It is one of Spain 's eight communities which are designated as a nationality by their Statute of Autonomy .", "Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona .", "The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union .", "Catalonia comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées - Orientales ) .", "It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south .", "The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Catalonia is located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union .", "selected_sentences": [ "Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya , Occitan : Catalonha , Spanish : Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula .", "The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Catalonia is located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula. The capital and largest city is Barcelona. It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south.", "selected_sentences": [ "Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya , Occitan : Catalonha , Spanish : Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain located on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula .", "The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union .", "It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Luteinizing hormone", "text": "LH supports theca cells in the ovaries that provide androgens and hormonal precursors for estradiol production . At the time of menstruation , FSH initiates follicular growth , specifically affecting granulosa cells . With the rise in estrogens , LH receptors are also expressed on the maturing follicle , which causes it to produce more estradiol . Eventually , when the follicle has fully matured , a spike in 17α - hydroxyprogesterone production by the follicle inhibits the production of estrogens , leading to a decrease in estrogen - mediated negative feedback of GnRH in the hypothalamus , which then stimulates the release of LH from the anterior pituitary . However another theory of the LH peak is a positive feedback mechanism from estradiol . The levels keep rising through the follicular phase and when they reach an unknown threshold , this results in the peak of the LH . This effect is opposite from the usual negative feedback mechanism presented at lower levels . In other words , the mechanism ( s ) are not yet clear . The increase in LH production only lasts for 24 to 48 hours . This `` LH surge '' triggers ovulation , thereby not only releasing the egg from the follicle , but also initiating the conversion of the residual follicle into a corpus luteum that , in turn , produces progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a possible implantation . LH is necessary to maintain luteal function for the second two weeks of the menstrual cycle . If pregnancy occurs , LH levels will decrease , and luteal function will instead be maintained by the action of hCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin ) , a hormone very similar to LH but secreted from the new placenta . ", "sentences": [ "LH supports theca cells in the ovaries that provide androgens and hormonal precursors for estradiol production .", "At the time of menstruation , FSH initiates follicular growth , specifically affecting granulosa cells .", "With the rise in estrogens , LH receptors are also expressed on the maturing follicle , which causes it to produce more estradiol .", "Eventually , when the follicle has fully matured , a spike in 17α - hydroxyprogesterone production by the follicle inhibits the production of estrogens , leading to a decrease in estrogen - mediated negative feedback of GnRH in the hypothalamus , which then stimulates the release of LH from the anterior pituitary .", "However another theory of the LH peak is a positive feedback mechanism from estradiol .", "The levels keep rising through the follicular phase and when they reach an unknown threshold , this results in the peak of the LH .", "This effect is opposite from the usual negative feedback mechanism presented at lower levels .", "In other words , the mechanism ( s ) are not yet clear .", "The increase in LH production only lasts for 24 to 48 hours .", "This `` LH surge '' triggers ovulation , thereby not only releasing the egg from the follicle , but also initiating the conversion of the residual follicle into a corpus luteum that , in turn , produces progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a possible implantation .", "LH is necessary to maintain luteal function for the second two weeks of the menstrual cycle .", "If pregnancy occurs , LH levels will decrease , and luteal function will instead be maintained by the action of hCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin ) , a hormone very similar to LH but secreted from the new placenta ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "LH supports theca cells in the ovaries that provide androgens and hormonal precursors for estradiol production.\r\n LH is necessary to maintain luteal function for the second two weeks of the menstrual cycle.", "selected_sentences": [ "LH supports theca cells in the ovaries that provide androgens and hormonal precursors for estradiol production .", "LH is necessary to maintain luteal function for the second two weeks of the menstrual cycle ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Battle of Natural Bridge", "text": "The Battle of Natural Bridge was a battle during the American Civil War , fought in what is now Woodville , Florida , near Tallahassee , on March 6 , 1865 . A small band of Confederate troops and volunteers , mostly composed of teenagers from the nearby Florida Military and Collegiate Institute that would later become Florida State University , and the elderly , protected by breastworks , prevented a detachment of United States Colored Troops from crossing the Natural Bridge on the St. Marks River . The Natural Bridge is a one - quarter mile long stretch along which the St. Marks River runs underground , after dropping into a sinkhole . This action prevented the Union Army from capturing the Florida capital and made Tallahassee the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to be captured by Union forces during the war . The battle has been described as the last Confederate victory in the American Civil War , and it was the second largest American Civil War battle in Florida . ", "sentences": [ "The Battle of Natural Bridge was a battle during the American Civil War , fought in what is now Woodville , Florida , near Tallahassee , on March 6 , 1865 .", "A small band of Confederate troops and volunteers , mostly composed of teenagers from the nearby Florida Military and Collegiate Institute that would later become Florida State University , and the elderly , protected by breastworks , prevented a detachment of United States Colored Troops from crossing the Natural Bridge on the St. Marks River .", "The Natural Bridge is a one - quarter mile long stretch along which the St. Marks River runs underground , after dropping into a sinkhole .", "This action prevented the Union Army from capturing the Florida capital and made Tallahassee the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to be captured by Union forces during the war .", "The battle has been described as the last Confederate victory in the American Civil War , and it was the second largest American Civil War battle in Florida ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A small band of Confederate troops and volunteers, mostly composed of teenagers, prevented a detachment of United States Colored Troops from crossing the Natural Bridge on the St. Marks River. This action prevented the Union Army from capturing the Florida capital and made Tallahassee the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to be captured by Union forces during the war.", "selected_sentences": [ "A small band of Confederate troops and volunteers , mostly composed of teenagers from the nearby Florida Military and Collegiate Institute that would later become Florida State University , and the elderly , protected by breastworks , prevented a detachment of United States Colored Troops from crossing the Natural Bridge on the St. Marks River .", "This action prevented the Union Army from capturing the Florida capital and made Tallahassee the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River not to be captured by Union forces during the war ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "American Revolution", "text": "John Locke 's ( 1632 -- 1704 ) ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution , especially through his indirect influence on English writers such as John Trenchard , Thomas Gordon , and Benjamin Hoadly , whose political ideas in turn had a strong influence on the American revolutionaries . Locke is often referred to as `` the philosopher of the American Revolution '' due to his work in the Social Contract and Natural Rights theories that underpinned the Revolution 's political ideology . Locke 's Two Treatises of Government published in 1689 were especially influential . He argued that all humans were created equally free , and governments therefore needed the `` consent of the governed . '' In late eighteenth - century America , belief was still widespread in `` equality by creation '' and `` rights by creation '' . ", "sentences": [ "John Locke 's ( 1632 -- 1704 ) ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution , especially through his indirect influence on English writers such as John Trenchard , Thomas Gordon , and Benjamin Hoadly , whose political ideas in turn had a strong influence on the American revolutionaries .", "Locke is often referred to as `` the philosopher of the American Revolution '' due to his work in the Social Contract and Natural Rights theories that underpinned the Revolution 's political ideology .", "Locke 's Two Treatises of Government published in 1689 were especially influential .", "He argued that all humans were created equally free , and governments therefore needed the `` consent of the governed . ''", "In late eighteenth - century America , belief was still widespread in `` equality by creation '' and `` rights by creation '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "John Locke's (1632 - 1704) ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution. He argued that all humans were created equally free, and governments therefore needed the ``consent of the governed''. In late eighteenth century America, belief was still widespread in ``equality by creation'' and ``rights by creation''.", "selected_sentences": [ "John Locke 's ( 1632 -- 1704 ) ideas on liberty influenced the political thinking behind the revolution , especially through his indirect influence on English writers such as John Trenchard , Thomas Gordon , and Benjamin Hoadly , whose political ideas in turn had a strong influence on the American revolutionaries .", "He argued that all humans were created equally free , and governments therefore needed the `` consent of the governed . ''", "In late eighteenth - century America , belief was still widespread in `` equality by creation '' and `` rights by creation '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Changeup", "text": "A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball . The changeup is the staple off - speed pitch , usually thrown to look like a fastball but arriving much more slowly to the plate . Its reduced speed coupled with its deceptive delivery is meant to confuse the batter 's timing . It is meant to be thrown the same as a fastball , but farther back in the hand , which makes it release from the hand slower while still retaining the look of a fastball . A changeup is generally thrown to be 8 -- 15 miles per hour slower than a fastball . If thrown correctly , the changeup will confuse the batter because the human eye can not discern that the ball is coming significantly slower until it is around 30 feet from the plate . For example , a batter swinging at the ball as if it were a 90 mph fastball when it is coming in at 75 mph means they are swinging too early to hit the ball well , making the changeup very effective . ", "sentences": [ "A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball .", "The changeup is the staple off - speed pitch , usually thrown to look like a fastball but arriving much more slowly to the plate .", "Its reduced speed coupled with its deceptive delivery is meant to confuse the batter 's timing .", "It is meant to be thrown the same as a fastball , but farther back in the hand , which makes it release from the hand slower while still retaining the look of a fastball .", "A changeup is generally thrown to be 8 -- 15 miles per hour slower than a fastball .", "If thrown correctly , the changeup will confuse the batter because the human eye can not discern that the ball is coming significantly slower until it is around 30 feet from the plate .", "For example , a batter swinging at the ball as if it were a 90 mph fastball when it is coming in at 75 mph means they are swinging too early to hit the ball well , making the changeup very effective ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball.\r\n A changeup is generally thrown to be 8--15 miles per hour slower than a fastball.", "selected_sentences": [ "A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball .", "A changeup is generally thrown to be 8 -- 15 miles per hour slower than a fastball ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Japanese honorifics", "text": "Chan ( ちゃん ) is a diminutive suffix ; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing . It is seemingly said to have come from a `` cute '' pronouncing of - san ( in Japanese , replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute ) , although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan . In general , chan is used for babies , young children , close friends , grandparents and sometimes female adolescents . It may also be used towards cute animals , lovers , close friends , or a youthful woman . Using chan with a superior 's name is considered to be condescending and rude . ", "sentences": [ "Chan ( ちゃん ) is a diminutive suffix ; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing .", "It is seemingly said to have come from a `` cute '' pronouncing of - san ( in Japanese , replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute ) , although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan .", "In general , chan is used for babies , young children , close friends , grandparents and sometimes female adolescents .", "It may also be used towards cute animals , lovers , close friends , or a youthful woman .", "Using chan with a superior 's name is considered to be condescending and rude ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Chan is a diminutive suffix. In general, chan is used for babies, young children, close friends, grandparents and sometimes female adolescents. Using chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude.", "selected_sentences": [ "Chan ( ちゃん ) is a diminutive suffix ; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing .", "In general , chan is used for babies , young children , close friends , grandparents and sometimes female adolescents .", "Using chan with a superior 's name is considered to be condescending and rude ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mr. Noodle", "text": "When Irwin became unavailable , Sherman asked Michael Jeter , who was her friend , to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle 's brother Mister Noodle , which he accepted enthusiastically , calling it his favorite role in twenty years . Jeter was in the role beginning in 2000 , until his death in 2003 . Kristin Chenoweth played Mr. Noodle 's sister Ms. Noodle , and Sarah Jones played Mr. Noodle 's other sister Miss Noodle . As of January 2017 , Daveed Diggs and comedian Daniel Koren , have played two more of Mr. Noodle 's brothers . Five actors playing members of the Noodle family have won Tonys . Michael ", "sentences": [ "When Irwin became unavailable , Sherman asked Michael Jeter , who was her friend , to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle 's brother Mister Noodle , which he accepted enthusiastically , calling it his favorite role in twenty years .", "Jeter was in the role beginning in 2000 , until his death in 2003 .", "Kristin Chenoweth played Mr. Noodle 's sister Ms. Noodle , and Sarah Jones played Mr. Noodle 's other sister Miss Noodle .", "As of January 2017 , Daveed Diggs and comedian Daniel Koren , have played two more of Mr. Noodle 's brothers .", "Five actors playing members of the Noodle family have won Tonys .", "Michael" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When Irwin became unavailable , Sherman asked Michael Jeter , who was her friend , to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle 's brother Mister Noodle , which he accepted enthusiastically , calling it his favorite role in twenty years . As of January 2017 , Daveed Diggs and comedian Daniel Koren , have played two more of Mr. Noodle 's brothers .", "selected_sentences": [ "When Irwin became unavailable , Sherman asked Michael Jeter , who was her friend , to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle 's brother Mister Noodle , which he accepted enthusiastically , calling it his favorite role in twenty years .", "As of January 2017 , Daveed Diggs and comedian Daniel Koren , have played two more of Mr. Noodle 's brothers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Monaco Coach Corporation", "text": "On March 5 , 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankrutpcy . On April 24 , 2009 in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Delaware , an attorney for Monaco said the company had signed an asset purchase agreement with Workhorse International Holding Co. , a Navistar International subsidiary . Monaco 's CEO was Kay Toolson . On June 23 , 2009 , Judge Kevin Carey agreed to the company 's request to convert its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing to a Chapter 7 case so it could liquidate its remaining assets which included seven properties in Oregon , Indiana and Florida as well as RV resort properties in California , Nevada , Florida and Michigan were sold to multiple buyers . The order converting the case to Chapter 7 was effective June 30 . Navistar International Corp purchased the core assets of Monaco Coach Corporation 's factories , inventory , brands and intellectual property in June 2009 for $47 million and the company 's new name became Monaco RV LLC . Upon the sale of its remaining assets liquidated under Chapter 7 , `` the entity ceases to exist , '' said Andrea Coles - Bjerre , an assistant law professor at the University of Oregon and a former bankruptcy lawyer in New York . ", "sentences": [ "On March 5 , 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankrutpcy .", "On April 24 , 2009 in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Delaware , an attorney for Monaco said the company had signed an asset purchase agreement with Workhorse International Holding Co. , a Navistar International subsidiary .", "Monaco 's CEO was Kay Toolson .", "On June 23 , 2009 , Judge Kevin Carey agreed to the company 's request to convert its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing to a Chapter 7 case so it could liquidate its remaining assets which included seven properties in Oregon , Indiana and Florida as well as RV resort properties in California , Nevada , Florida and Michigan were sold to multiple buyers .", "The order converting the case to Chapter 7 was effective June 30 .", "Navistar International Corp purchased the core assets of Monaco Coach Corporation 's factories , inventory , brands and intellectual property in June 2009 for $47 million and the company 's new name became Monaco RV LLC .", "Upon the sale of its remaining assets liquidated under Chapter 7 , `` the entity ceases to exist , '' said Andrea Coles - Bjerre , an assistant law professor at the University of Oregon and a former bankruptcy lawyer in New York ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "On March 5, 2009 the Monaco Coach Corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The order converting the case to Chapter 7 was effective June 30.", "selected_sentences": [ "On March 5 , 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankrutpcy .", "The order converting the case to Chapter 7 was effective June 30 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Porus", "text": "Porus ( IPA : ( porus ) ) or Poros ( from Ancient Greek : Πῶρος , Pôros ) , was a king of the Pauravas , whose territory spanned the region between the Hydaspes ( River of Jhelum ) and Acesines ( Chenab River ) , in what is now the Punjabi region of the Indian subcontinent . He is credited to have been a legendary warrior with exceptional skills . Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes ( 326 BC ) , thought to be fought at the site of modern - day Mong , Punjab , Pakistan . Though not recorded in any available ancient Indian source , Ancient Greek historians describe the battle and the aftermath of Alexander 's victory . After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war , Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated . Porus , although defeated , being a valiant , proud king , demanded that he be treated like a king . Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom , but also granted him dominion over lands to the south - east extending until the Hyphasis ( Beas ) . Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC . ", "sentences": [ "Porus ( IPA : ( porus ) ) or Poros ( from Ancient Greek : Πῶρος , Pôros ) , was a king of the Pauravas , whose territory spanned the region between the Hydaspes ( River of Jhelum ) and Acesines ( Chenab River ) , in what is now the Punjabi region of the Indian subcontinent .", "He is credited to have been a legendary warrior with exceptional skills .", "Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes ( 326 BC ) , thought to be fought at the site of modern - day Mong , Punjab , Pakistan .", "Though not recorded in any available ancient Indian source , Ancient Greek historians describe the battle and the aftermath of Alexander 's victory .", "After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war , Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated .", "Porus , although defeated , being a valiant , proud king , demanded that he be treated like a king .", "Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom , but also granted him dominion over lands to the south - east extending until the Hyphasis ( Beas ) .", "Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BC). After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war, Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated. Porus, although defeated, being a valiant, proud king, demanded that he be treated like a king. Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom, but also granted him dominion over lands to the south - east extending until the Hyphasis(Beas).", "selected_sentences": [ "Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes ( 326 BC ) , thought to be fought at the site of modern - day Mong , Punjab , Pakistan .", "After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war , Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated .", "Porus , although defeated , being a valiant , proud king , demanded that he be treated like a king .", "Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom , but also granted him dominion over lands to the south - east extending until the Hyphasis ( Beas ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Species", "text": "In biology , a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank , as well as a unit of biodiversity , but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition . Scientists and conservationists need a species definition which allows them to work , regardless of the theoretical difficulties . If as Linnaeus thought , species were fixed , there would be no problem , but evolutionary processes cause species to change continually , and to grade into one another . A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring , typically by sexual reproduction . While this definition is often adequate , when looked at more closely it is problematic . For example , with hybridisation , in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies , or in a ring species , the boundaries between closely related species become unclear . Among organisms that reproduce only asexually , the concept of a reproductive species breaks down , and each clone is potentially a microspecies . Problems also arise when dealing with fossils , since reproduction can not be examined ; the concept of the chronospecies is therefore used in palaeontology . Other ways of defining species include their karyotype , DNA sequence , morphology , behaviour or ecological niche . ", "sentences": [ "In biology , a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank , as well as a unit of biodiversity , but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition .", "Scientists and conservationists need a species definition which allows them to work , regardless of the theoretical difficulties .", "If as Linnaeus thought , species were fixed , there would be no problem , but evolutionary processes cause species to change continually , and to grade into one another .", "A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring , typically by sexual reproduction .", "While this definition is often adequate , when looked at more closely it is problematic .", "For example , with hybridisation , in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies , or in a ring species , the boundaries between closely related species become unclear .", "Among organisms that reproduce only asexually , the concept of a reproductive species breaks down , and each clone is potentially a microspecies .", "Problems also arise when dealing with fossils , since reproduction can not be examined ; the concept of the chronospecies is therefore used in palaeontology .", "Other ways of defining species include their karyotype , DNA sequence , morphology , behaviour or ecological niche ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche.", "selected_sentences": [ "A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring , typically by sexual reproduction .", "Other ways of defining species include their karyotype , DNA sequence , morphology , behaviour or ecological niche ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Articles of Confederation", "text": "The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . It was approved , after much debate ( between July 1776 and November 1777 ) , by the Second Continental Congress on November 15 , 1777 , and sent to the states for ratification . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . ", "sentences": [ "The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution .", "It was approved , after much debate ( between July 1776 and November 1777 ) , by the Second Continental Congress on November 15 , 1777 , and sent to the states for ratification .", "The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states .", "A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states .", "The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Articles of Confederation was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution .", "A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states .", "The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Jews in Egypt", "text": "The Book of Genesis and Book of Exodus describe a period of Hebrew servitude in ancient Egypt , during decades of sojourn in Egypt , the escape of well over a million Israelites from the Delta , and the three - month journey through the wilderness to Sinai . The historical evidence does not support this account . Israelites first appear in the archeological record on the Merneptah Stele from between 1208 - 3 BCE at the end of the Bronze Age . A reasonably Bible - friendly interpretation is that they were a federation of Habiru tribes of the hill - country around the Jordan River . Presumably , this federation consolidated into the kingdom of Israel , and Judah split from that , during the dark age that followed the Bronze . The Bronze Age term `` Habiru '' was less specific than the Biblical `` Hebrew '' . The term referred simply to Levantine nomads , of any religion or ethnicity . Mesopotamian , Hittite , Canaanite , and Egyptian sources describe them largely as bandits , mercenaries , and slaves . Certainly , there were some Habiru slaves in ancient Egypt , but native Egyptian kingdoms were not heavily slave - based . ", "sentences": [ "The Book of Genesis and Book of Exodus describe a period of Hebrew servitude in ancient Egypt , during decades of sojourn in Egypt , the escape of well over a million Israelites from the Delta , and the three - month journey through the wilderness to Sinai .", "The historical evidence does not support this account .", "Israelites first appear in the archeological record on the Merneptah Stele from between 1208 - 3 BCE at the end of the Bronze Age .", "A reasonably Bible - friendly interpretation is that they were a federation of Habiru tribes of the hill - country around the Jordan River .", "Presumably , this federation consolidated into the kingdom of Israel , and Judah split from that , during the dark age that followed the Bronze .", "The Bronze Age term `` Habiru '' was less specific than the Biblical `` Hebrew '' .", "The term referred simply to Levantine nomads , of any religion or ethnicity .", "Mesopotamian , Hittite , Canaanite , and Egyptian sources describe them largely as bandits , mercenaries , and slaves .", "Certainly , there were some Habiru slaves in ancient Egypt , but native Egyptian kingdoms were not heavily slave - based ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A reasonably Bible-friendly interpretation is that they were a federation of Habiru tribes of the hill-country around the Jordan River. Presumably, this federation consolidated into the kingdom of Israel, and Judah split from that, during the dark age that followed the Bronze.\r\nCertainly, there were some Habiru slaves in ancient Egypt, but native Egyptian kingdoms were not heavily slave-based.", "selected_sentences": [ "A reasonably Bible - friendly interpretation is that they were a federation of Habiru tribes of the hill - country around the Jordan River .", "Presumably , this federation consolidated into the kingdom of Israel , and Judah split from that , during the dark age that followed the Bronze .", "Certainly , there were some Habiru slaves in ancient Egypt , but native Egyptian kingdoms were not heavily slave - based ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "One-child policy", "text": "The one - child policy , a part of the family planning policy , was a population planning policy of China . It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 . The policy was only enforced on Han Chinese and allowed exceptions for many groups , including ethnic minorities . In 2007 , 36 % of China 's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction , with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl . Provincial governments imposed fines for violations , and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work . ", "sentences": [ "The one - child policy , a part of the family planning policy , was a population planning policy of China .", "It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 .", "The policy was only enforced on Han Chinese and allowed exceptions for many groups , including ethnic minorities .", "In 2007 , 36 % of China 's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction , with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl .", "Provincial governments imposed fines for violations , and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016.\r\n In 200, 36 % of China's population was subject to a strict one-child restriction, with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl.", "selected_sentences": [ "It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 .", "In 2007 , 36 % of China 's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction , with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. In 2007, 36 % of China's population was subject to a strict one-child restriction, with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl.", "selected_sentences": [ "It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 .", "In 2007 , 36 % of China 's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction , with an additional 53 % being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Allegory of the Cave", "text": "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives , facing a blank wall . The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them , and give names to these shadows . The shadows are the prisoners ' reality . Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are not reality at all , for he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the manufactured reality that is the shadows seen by the prisoners . The inmates of this place do not even desire to leave their prison , for they know no better life . The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day , and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was . They discovered the sun , which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind . Like the fire that cast light on the walls of the cave , the human condition is forever bound to the impressions that are received through the senses . Even if these interpretations ( or , in Kantian terminology , intuitions ) are an absurd misrepresentation of reality , we can not somehow break free from the bonds of our human condition -- we can not free ourselves from phenomenal state just as the prisoners could not free themselves from their chains . If , however , we were to miraculously escape our bondage , we would find a world that we could not understand -- the sun is incomprehensible for someone who has never seen it . In other words , we would encounter another `` realm '' , a place incomprehensible because , theoretically , it is the source of a higher reality than the one we have always known ; it is the realm of pure Form , pure fact . ", "sentences": [ "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives , facing a blank wall .", "The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them , and give names to these shadows .", "The shadows are the prisoners ' reality .", "Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are not reality at all , for he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the manufactured reality that is the shadows seen by the prisoners .", "The inmates of this place do not even desire to leave their prison , for they know no better life .", "The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day , and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was .", "They discovered the sun , which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind .", "Like the fire that cast light on the walls of the cave , the human condition is forever bound to the impressions that are received through the senses .", "Even if these interpretations ( or , in Kantian terminology , intuitions ) are an absurd misrepresentation of reality , we can not somehow break free from the bonds of our human condition -- we can not free ourselves from phenomenal state just as the prisoners could not free themselves from their chains .", "If , however , we were to miraculously escape our bondage , we would find a world that we could not understand -- the sun is incomprehensible for someone who has never seen it .", "In other words , we would encounter another `` realm '' , a place incomprehensible because , theoretically , it is the source of a higher reality than the one we have always known ; it is the realm of pure Form , pure fact ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day, and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was. They discovered the sun, which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind.", "selected_sentences": [ "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives , facing a blank wall .", "The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day , and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was .", "They discovered the sun , which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them , and give names to these shadows . The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day, and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was. They discovered the sun, which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind.", "selected_sentences": [ "Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives , facing a blank wall .", "The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them , and give names to these shadows .", "The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day , and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was .", "They discovered the sun , which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man can not see behind ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Peyton Sawyer", "text": "For season 7 , Mark Schwahn , the series ' creator , said Lucas and Peyton are traveling the world ; they are spending time with Karen and her husband Andy , and Lucas is writing a new book . They continue to be mentioned by characters on the series . Her and Lucas ' absence during Brooke and Julian 's wedding is mentioned by Brooke as being due to baby Sawyer being sick . Haley takes her place as Brooke 's maid of honor . In season nine , Haley sends Jamie and Lydia to live with Peyton and Lucas due to Nathan 's disappearance . ", "sentences": [ "For season 7 , Mark Schwahn , the series ' creator , said Lucas and Peyton are traveling the world ; they are spending time with Karen and her husband Andy , and Lucas is writing a new book .", "They continue to be mentioned by characters on the series .", "Her and Lucas ' absence during Brooke and Julian 's wedding is mentioned by Brooke as being due to baby Sawyer being sick .", "Haley takes her place as Brooke 's maid of honor .", "In season nine , Haley sends Jamie and Lydia to live with Peyton and Lucas due to Nathan 's disappearance ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "For season 7, Lucas and Peyton are traveling the world; they are spending time with Karen and her husband Andy, and Lucas is writing a new book. In season nine, Haley sends Jamie and Lydia to live with Peyton and Lucas due to Nathan's disappearance.", "selected_sentences": [ "For season 7 , Mark Schwahn , the series ' creator , said Lucas and Peyton are traveling the world ; they are spending time with Karen and her husband Andy , and Lucas is writing a new book .", "In season nine , Haley sends Jamie and Lydia to live with Peyton and Lucas due to Nathan 's disappearance ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Changshan", "text": "A changshan ( help info ) ( Chinese : 長 衫 ; pinyin : chángshān ; literally : `` long shirt '' ) is a traditional Chinese dress ( or robe , long jacket or tunic ) worn by men . In function , it is considered the male equivalent of the women 's cheongsam ( qipao ) . It is also known as a changpao ( chángpáo 長 袍 , `` long robe '' ) or dagua ( 大 褂 dàguà , `` great jacket '' ) . It was often worn by men with a magua or `` riding jacket '' . These types of dress were widely adopted beginning under the Manchu ( Chinese : 滿族 ) rulers of the Qing dynasty ( Chinese : 清朝 ) , who required that men in certain positions wear this style . It took more time for the majority of women to adopt the new style of qipao rather than hanfu ( Chinese : 漢服 ) . ", "sentences": [ "A changshan ( help info ) ( Chinese : 長 衫 ; pinyin : chángshān ; literally : `` long shirt '' ) is a traditional Chinese dress ( or robe , long jacket or tunic ) worn by men .", "In function , it is considered the male equivalent of the women 's cheongsam ( qipao ) .", "It is also known as a changpao ( chángpáo 長 袍 , `` long robe '' ) or dagua ( 大 褂 dàguà , `` great jacket '' ) .", "It was often worn by men with a magua or `` riding jacket '' .", "These types of dress were widely adopted beginning under the Manchu ( Chinese : 滿族 ) rulers of the Qing dynasty ( Chinese : 清朝 ) , who required that men in certain positions wear this style .", "It took more time for the majority of women to adopt the new style of qipao rather than hanfu ( Chinese : 漢服 ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A changshan ``long shirt'' is a traditional Chinese dress worn by men. It is also known as a changpao``long robe'' or dagua ``great jacket.''", "selected_sentences": [ "A changshan ( help info ) ( Chinese : 長 衫 ; pinyin : chángshān ; literally : `` long shirt '' ) is a traditional Chinese dress ( or robe , long jacket or tunic ) worn by men .", "It is also known as a changpao ( chángpáo 長 袍 , `` long robe '' ) or dagua ( 大 褂 dàguà , `` great jacket '' ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ultraviolet", "text": "Ultraviolet ( UV ) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm , shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays . UV radiation is present in sunlight constituting about 10 % of the total light output of the Sun . It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights , such as mercury - vapor lamps , tanning lamps , and black lights . Although long - wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms , it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce . Consequently , the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects , and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules . ", "sentences": [ "Ultraviolet ( UV ) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm , shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays .", "UV radiation is present in sunlight constituting about 10 % of the total light output of the Sun .", "It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights , such as mercury - vapor lamps , tanning lamps , and black lights .", "Although long - wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms , it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce .", "Consequently , the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects , and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Ultraviolet ( UV ) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm , shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays . Although long - wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms , it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce .", "selected_sentences": [ "Ultraviolet ( UV ) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm , shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays .", "Although long - wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms , it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Universal motor", "text": "The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field . It is a commutated series - wound motor where the stator 's field coils are connected in series with the rotor windings through a commutator . It is often referred to as an AC series motor . The universal motor is very similar to a DC series motor in construction , but is modified slightly to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power . This type of electric motor can operate well on AC because the current in both the field coils and the armature ( and the resultant magnetic fields ) will alternate ( reverse polarity ) synchronously with the supply . Hence the resulting mechanical force will occur in a consistent direction of rotation , independent of the direction of applied voltage , but determined by the commutator and polarity of the field coils . ", "sentences": [ "The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field .", "It is a commutated series - wound motor where the stator 's field coils are connected in series with the rotor windings through a commutator .", "It is often referred to as an AC series motor .", "The universal motor is very similar to a DC series motor in construction , but is modified slightly to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power .", "This type of electric motor can operate well on AC because the current in both the field coils and the armature ( and the resultant magnetic fields ) will alternate ( reverse polarity ) synchronously with the supply .", "Hence the resulting mechanical force will occur in a consistent direction of rotation , independent of the direction of applied voltage , but determined by the commutator and polarity of the field coils ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power. The universal motor is very similar to a DC series motor in construction, but is modified slightly to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power.", "selected_sentences": [ "The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field .", "The universal motor is very similar to a DC series motor in construction , but is modified slightly to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)", "text": "`` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' ( Roud 68 ) is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas ( the twelve days that make up the Christmas season , starting with Christmas Day ) . The song , published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme , is thought to be French in origin . `` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 68 . The tunes of collected versions vary . The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a 1909 arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austin , who first introduced the now familiar prolongation of the verse `` five gold rings '' . ", "sentences": [ "`` The Twelve Days of Christmas ''", "( Roud 68 ) is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas ( the twelve days that make up the Christmas season , starting with Christmas Day ) .", "The song , published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme , is thought to be French in origin .", "`` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 68 .", "The tunes of collected versions vary .", "The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a 1909 arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austin , who first introduced the now familiar prolongation of the verse `` five gold rings '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song ``The Twelve Days of Christmas'', published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme, is thought to be French in origin. The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a 1909 arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austin.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The Twelve Days of Christmas ''", "The song , published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme , is thought to be French in origin .", "The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a 1909 arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austin , who first introduced the now familiar prolongation of the verse `` five gold rings '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Chop Suey! (song)", "text": "In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass . Everyone deserves to die . Like , if I were now to die from drug abuse , they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs . Hence the line , ' I cry when angels deserve to die ' . The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? ' are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . '' ", "sentences": [ "In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .", "Everyone deserves to die .", "Like , if I were now to die from drug abuse , they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs .", "Hence the line , ' I cry when angels deserve to die ' .", "The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? '", "are a reference to Jesus ' death on the cross , as , according to the Gospels , it was one of the seven things Jesus said while dying . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In an interview, Daron Malakian explained, ``The song \"Chop Suey!\" is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass. Like, if I were now to die from drug abuse, they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .", "Like , if I were now to die from drug abuse , they might say I deserved it because I abused dangerous drugs ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In an interview, Daron Malakian explained, `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass. Everyone deserves to die. Hence the line, ' I cry when angels deserve to die'. The lyric passages 'Father, into your hands I commend my spirit' and 'why have you forsaken me?'", "selected_sentences": [ "In an interview , Daron Malakian explained , `` The song is about how we are regarded differently depending on how we pass .", "Everyone deserves to die .", "Hence the line , ' I cry when angels deserve to die ' .", "The lyric passages ' Father , into your hands I commend my spirit ' and ' why have you forsaken me ? '" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Christmas decoration", "text": "Christmas decorations are typically put up in late November or early December , usually to coincide with the start of Advent . In the UK , Christmas lights on the high street are generally switched on in November . In the U.S. , the traditional start of Christmas time is Thanksgiving . Major retailers put their seasonal decorations out for sale after back to school sales , while smaller niche Christmas Stores sell Christmas decorations year round . A ", "sentences": [ "Christmas decorations are typically put up in late November or early December , usually to coincide with the start of Advent .", "In the UK , Christmas lights on the high street are generally switched on in November .", "In the U.S. , the traditional start of Christmas time is Thanksgiving .", "Major retailers put their seasonal decorations out for sale after back to school sales , while smaller niche Christmas Stores sell Christmas decorations year round .", "A" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Christmas decorations are typically put up in late November or early December, usually to coincide with the start of Advent. In the U.S., the traditional start of Christmas time is Thanksgiving.", "selected_sentences": [ "Christmas decorations are typically put up in late November or early December , usually to coincide with the start of Advent .", "In the U.S. , the traditional start of Christmas time is Thanksgiving ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hyundai Santa Fe", "text": "The next - generation 2007 Santa Fe debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit . The first production Santa Fe rolled off Hyundai 's Montgomery , Alabama assembly line on April 18 , 2006 . It shares this assembly line with the current generation Hyundai Sonata . The new generation sheds the old style 's quirky design in favor of a more contemporary look . 2006 ", "sentences": [ "The next - generation 2007 Santa Fe debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit .", "The first production Santa Fe rolled off Hyundai 's Montgomery , Alabama assembly line on April 18 , 2006 .", "It shares this assembly line with the current generation Hyundai Sonata .", "The new generation sheds the old style 's quirky design in favor of a more contemporary look .", "2006" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The next - generation 2007 Santa Fe debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit . The new generation sheds the old style 's quirky design in favor of a more contemporary look .", "selected_sentences": [ "The next - generation 2007 Santa Fe debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit .", "The new generation sheds the old style 's quirky design in favor of a more contemporary look ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Sign of the cross", "text": "The sign of the cross is a prayer , a blessing , and a sacramental . As a sacramental , it prepares an individual to receive grace and disposes one to cooperate with it . The Christian begins his day , his prayers , and his activities with the Sign of the Cross : `` In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit . Amen . '' In this way a person dedicates the day to God and calls on him for strength in temptations and difficulties . John Vianney said a genuinely made Sign of the Cross `` makes all hell tremble . '' ", "sentences": [ "The sign of the cross is a prayer , a blessing , and a sacramental .", "As a sacramental , it prepares an individual to receive grace and disposes one to cooperate with it .", "The Christian begins his day , his prayers , and his activities with the Sign of the Cross : `` In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit .", "Amen . ''", "In this way a person dedicates the day to God and calls on him for strength in temptations and difficulties .", "John Vianney said a genuinely made Sign of the Cross `` makes all hell tremble . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The sign of the cross is a prayer, a blessing, and a sacramental.\r\nThe Christian begins his day, his prayers, and his activities with the Sign of the Cross: `` In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.", "selected_sentences": [ "The sign of the cross is a prayer , a blessing , and a sacramental .", "The Christian begins his day , his prayers , and his activities with the Sign of the Cross : `` In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Battle of Zama", "text": "Crossing the Alps , Hannibal reached the Italian peninsula in 218 BC and won several major victories against the Roman armies . The Romans failed to defeat him or drive him from Italy , but following Scipio 's decisive victory at the Battle of Ilipa in Spain in 206 BC , Iberia had been secured by the Romans . In 205 BC Scipio returned to Rome , where he was elected consul by unanimous vote . Scipio , now powerful enough , proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland . The Senate initially opposed this ambitious design of Scipio , persuaded by Quintus Fabius Maximus that the enterprise was far too hazardous . However , Scipio and his supporters eventually convinced the Senate to ratify the plan , and Scipio was given the requisite authority to attempt the invasion . ", "sentences": [ "Crossing the Alps , Hannibal reached the Italian peninsula in 218 BC and won several major victories against the Roman armies .", "The Romans failed to defeat him or drive him from Italy , but following Scipio 's decisive victory at the Battle of Ilipa in Spain in 206 BC , Iberia had been secured by the Romans .", "In 205 BC Scipio returned to Rome , where he was elected consul by unanimous vote .", "Scipio , now powerful enough , proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland .", "The Senate initially opposed this ambitious design of Scipio , persuaded by Quintus Fabius Maximus that the enterprise was far too hazardous .", "However , Scipio and his supporters eventually convinced the Senate to ratify the plan , and Scipio was given the requisite authority to attempt the invasion ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 205 BC Scipio returned to Rome, now powerful enough, he proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland. Scipio and his supporters eventually convinced the Senate to ratify the plan, and Scipio was given the requisite authority to attempt the invasion.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 205 BC Scipio returned to Rome , where he was elected consul by unanimous vote .", "Scipio , now powerful enough , proposed to end the war by directly invading the Carthaginian homeland .", "However , Scipio and his supporters eventually convinced the Senate to ratify the plan , and Scipio was given the requisite authority to attempt the invasion ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "True (Spandau Ballet song)", "text": "It was composed by group leader Gary Kemp who wrote the song at his parents ' house , where he lived at the time . It is a six - minute ( in its original album version ) song that in part pays tribute to the Motown artist Marvin Gaye , who is mentioned in the lyrics , and the sound he helped to establish . The song was recorded before Gaye 's murder a year later . The song was also partly about Kemp 's platonic relationship with Altered Images singer Clare Grogan . Some phrases in the lyrics ( including the much - quoted reference to `` seaside arms '' ) were adapted from Vladimir Nabokov 's novel Lolita , a copy of which Grogan had given Kemp . The song is written in the key of G major . It has a tempo of 98 BPM and a chord progression of G , Em , C / G , Bm . The song changes key when it hits the instrumental break . The instrumental break is in the key of E ♭ major . ", "sentences": [ "It was composed by group leader Gary Kemp who wrote the song at his parents ' house , where he lived at the time .", "It is a six - minute ( in its original album version ) song that in part pays tribute to the Motown artist Marvin Gaye , who is mentioned in the lyrics , and the sound he helped to establish .", "The song was recorded before Gaye 's murder a year later .", "The song was also partly about Kemp 's platonic relationship with Altered Images singer Clare Grogan .", "Some phrases in the lyrics ( including the much - quoted reference to `` seaside arms '' ) were adapted from Vladimir Nabokov 's novel Lolita , a copy of which Grogan had given Kemp .", "The song is written in the key of G major .", "It has a tempo of 98 BPM and a chord progression of G , Em , C / G , Bm .", "The song changes key when it hits the instrumental break .", "The instrumental break is in the key of E ♭ major ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song \"True\" by Spandau Ballet is a six minute (in its original album version) song that in part pays tribute to the Motown artist Marvin Gaye, who is mentioned in the lyrics, and the sound he helped to establish. The song was also partly about Kemp's platonic relationship with Altered Images singer Clare Grogan.", "selected_sentences": [ "It is a six - minute ( in its original album version ) song that in part pays tribute to the Motown artist Marvin Gaye , who is mentioned in the lyrics , and the sound he helped to establish .", "The song was also partly about Kemp 's platonic relationship with Altered Images singer Clare Grogan ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art . In ancient times , it was widely believed ( as by Pliny , Plutarch , Philostratus , and Aelian ) that the hare was a hermaphrodite . The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary , with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child . It may also have been associated with the Holy Trinity , as in the three hares motif . Eggs , like rabbits and hares , are fertility symbols of antiquity . Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring , these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox . ", "sentences": [ "The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art .", "In ancient times , it was widely believed ( as by Pliny , Plutarch , Philostratus , and Aelian ) that the hare was a hermaphrodite .", "The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary , with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child .", "It may also have been associated with the Holy Trinity , as in the three hares motif .", "Eggs , like rabbits and hares , are fertility symbols of antiquity .", "Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring , these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary. Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring, these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox.", "selected_sentences": [ "The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary , with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child .", "Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring , these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Thin-layer chromatography", "text": "Separation of compounds is based on the competition of the solute and the mobile phase for binding sites on the stationary phase . For instance , if normal - phase silica gel is used as the stationary phase , it can be considered polar . Given two compounds that differ in polarity , the more polar compound has a stronger interaction with the silica and is , therefore , better able to displace the mobile phase from the available binding sites . As a consequence , the less polar compound moves higher up the plate ( resulting in a higher R value ) . If the mobile phase is changed to a more polar solvent or mixture of solvents , it becomes better at binding to the polar plate and therefore displacing solutes from it , so all compounds on the TLC plate will move higher up the plate . It is commonly said that `` strong '' solvents ( eluents ) push the analyzed compounds up the plate , whereas `` weak '' eluents barely move them . The order of strength / weakness depends on the coating ( stationary phase ) of the TLC plate . For silica gel - coated TLC plates , the eluent strength increases in the following order : perfluoroalkane ( weakest ) , hexane , pentane , carbon tetrachloride , benzene / toluene , dichloromethane , diethyl ether , ethyl acetate , acetonitrile , acetone , 2 - propanol / n - butanol , water , methanol , triethylamine , acetic acid , formic acid ( strongest ) . For C18 - coated plates the order is reverse . In other words , when the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is non-polar , the method is normal - phase as opposed to reverse - phase . This means that if a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane as the mobile phase is used , adding more ethyl acetate results in higher R values for all compounds on the TLC plate . Changing the polarity of the mobile phase will normally not result in reversed order of running of the compounds on the TLC plate . An eluotropic series can be used as a guide in selecting a mobile phase . If a reversed order of running of the compounds is desired , an apolar stationary phase should be used , such as C18 - functionalized silica . ", "sentences": [ "Separation of compounds is based on the competition of the solute and the mobile phase for binding sites on the stationary phase .", "For instance , if normal - phase silica gel is used as the stationary phase , it can be considered polar .", "Given two compounds that differ in polarity , the more polar compound has a stronger interaction with the silica and is , therefore , better able to displace the mobile phase from the available binding sites .", "As a consequence , the less polar compound moves higher up the plate ( resulting in a higher R value ) .", "If the mobile phase is changed to a more polar solvent or mixture of solvents , it becomes better at binding to the polar plate and therefore displacing solutes from it , so all compounds on the TLC plate will move higher up the plate .", "It is commonly said that `` strong '' solvents ( eluents ) push the analyzed compounds up the plate , whereas `` weak '' eluents barely move them .", "The order of strength / weakness depends on the coating ( stationary phase ) of the TLC plate .", "For silica gel - coated TLC plates , the eluent strength increases in the following order : perfluoroalkane ( weakest ) , hexane , pentane , carbon tetrachloride , benzene / toluene , dichloromethane , diethyl ether , ethyl acetate , acetonitrile , acetone , 2 - propanol / n - butanol , water , methanol , triethylamine , acetic acid , formic acid ( strongest ) .", "For C18 - coated plates the order is reverse .", "In other words , when the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is non-polar , the method is normal - phase as opposed to reverse - phase .", "This means that if a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane as the mobile phase is used , adding more ethyl acetate results in higher R values for all compounds on the TLC plate .", "Changing the polarity of the mobile phase will normally not result in reversed order of running of the compounds on the TLC plate .", "An eluotropic series can be used as a guide in selecting a mobile phase .", "If a reversed order of running of the compounds is desired , an apolar stationary phase should be used , such as C18 - functionalized silica ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "If normal - phase silica gel is used as the stationary phase , it can be considered polar . When the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is non-polar , the method is normal - phase as opposed to reverse - phase .", "selected_sentences": [ "For instance , if normal - phase silica gel is used as the stationary phase , it can be considered polar .", "In other words , when the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is non-polar , the method is normal - phase as opposed to reverse - phase ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hundred Years' War", "text": "The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free - companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) . ", "sentences": [ "The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors .", "By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies .", "Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism .", "The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important .", "The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare .", "With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free - companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically .", "English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture .", "The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "By Hundred Years' War's end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important .", "selected_sentences": [ "By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies .", "The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Smokey and the Bandit", "text": "The movie was primarily filmed in Georgia in the cities of McDonough , Jonesboro and Lithonia . The scenes set in Texarkana were filmed in Jonesboro and the surrounding area , and many of the chase scenes were filmed in the surrounding areas on Highway 54 between Fayetteville and Jonesboro for a majority of the driving scenes , Mundy 's Mill Road , Main Street in Jonesboro , Georgia State Route 400 , I - 85 ( Pleasant Hill exit ) , and in McDonough . However , the scene where they drive through the Shell gas station was filmed in Ojai , California on the corner of Ojai and El Paseo . Much of the surrounding scene comes from that immediate vicinity . The scene featuring the racetrack was filmed at Lakewood Speedway at the old Lakewood Fairgrounds on the south side of Atlanta . The roller coaster seen in the movie was the Greyhound . It had not been used for some time and was repainted for the film . It was destroyed in Smokey and the Bandit II and a flashback scene in Part 3 . ", "sentences": [ "The movie was primarily filmed in Georgia in the cities of McDonough , Jonesboro and Lithonia .", "The scenes set in Texarkana were filmed in Jonesboro and the surrounding area , and many of the chase scenes were filmed in the surrounding areas on Highway 54 between Fayetteville and Jonesboro for a majority of the driving scenes , Mundy 's Mill Road , Main Street in Jonesboro , Georgia State Route 400 , I - 85 ( Pleasant Hill exit ) , and in McDonough .", "However , the scene where they drive through the Shell gas station was filmed in Ojai , California on the corner of Ojai and El Paseo .", "Much of the surrounding scene comes from that immediate vicinity .", "The scene featuring the racetrack was filmed at Lakewood Speedway at the old Lakewood Fairgrounds on the south side of Atlanta .", "The roller coaster seen in the movie was the Greyhound .", "It had not been used for some time and was repainted for the film .", "It was destroyed in Smokey and the Bandit II and a flashback scene in Part 3 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Smokey and the Bandit was primarily filmed in Georgia in the cities of McDonough, Jonesboro and Lithonia. The scene where they drive through the Shell gas station was filmed in Ojai, California. The scene featuring the racetrack was filmed at Lakewood Speedway on the south side of Atlanta.", "selected_sentences": [ "The movie was primarily filmed in Georgia in the cities of McDonough , Jonesboro and Lithonia .", "However , the scene where they drive through the Shell gas station was filmed in Ojai , California on the corner of Ojai and El Paseo .", "The scene featuring the racetrack was filmed at Lakewood Speedway at the old Lakewood Fairgrounds on the south side of Atlanta ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Caesarean section", "text": "The Roman Lex Regia ( royal law ) , later the Lex Caesarea ( imperial law ) , of Numa Pompilius ( 715 -- 673 BC ) , required the child of a mother dead in childbirth to be cut from her womb . There was a cultural taboo that mothers not be buried pregnant , that may have reflected a way of saving some fetuses . Roman practice requiring a living mother to be in her tenth month of pregnancy before resorting to the procedure , reflecting the knowledge that she could not survive the delivery . Speculation that the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was born by the method now known as C - section is apparently false . Although Caesarean sections were performed in Roman times , no classical source records a mother surviving such a delivery . As late as the 12th century , scholar and physician Maimonides expresses doubt over the possibility of a woman 's surviving this procedure and again falling pregnant . The term has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere , `` to cut '' , with children delivered this way referred to as caesones . Pliny the Elder refers to a certain Julius Caesar ( an ancestor of the famous Roman statesman ) as ab utero caeso , `` cut from the womb '' giving this as an explanation for the cognomen `` Caesar '' which was then carried by his descendants . Nonetheless , even if the etymological hypothesis linking the caesarean section to Julius Caesar is a false etymology , it has been widely believed . For example , the Oxford English Dictionary defines Caesarean birth as `` the delivery of a child by cutting through the walls of the abdomen when delivery can not take place in the natural way , as was done in the case of Julius Caesar '' . Merriam - Webster 's Collegiate Dictionary ( 11th edition ) leaves room for etymological uncertainty with the phrase , `` from the legendary association of such a delivery with the Roman cognomen Caesar '' ", "sentences": [ "The Roman Lex Regia ( royal law ) , later the Lex Caesarea ( imperial law ) , of Numa Pompilius ( 715 -- 673 BC ) , required the child of a mother dead in childbirth to be cut from her womb .", "There was a cultural taboo that mothers not be buried pregnant , that may have reflected a way of saving some fetuses .", "Roman practice requiring a living mother to be in her tenth month of pregnancy before resorting to the procedure , reflecting the knowledge that she could not survive the delivery .", "Speculation that the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was born by the method now known as C - section is apparently false .", "Although Caesarean sections were performed in Roman times , no classical source records a mother surviving such a delivery .", "As late as the 12th century , scholar and physician Maimonides expresses doubt over the possibility of a woman 's surviving this procedure and again falling pregnant .", "The term has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere , `` to cut '' , with children delivered this way referred to as caesones .", "Pliny the Elder refers to a certain Julius Caesar ( an ancestor of the famous Roman statesman ) as ab utero caeso , `` cut from the womb '' giving this as an explanation for the cognomen `` Caesar '' which was then carried by his descendants .", "Nonetheless , even if the etymological hypothesis linking the caesarean section to Julius Caesar is a false etymology , it has been widely believed .", "For example , the Oxford English Dictionary defines Caesarean birth as `` the delivery of a child by cutting through the walls of the abdomen when delivery can not take place in the natural way , as was done in the case of Julius Caesar '' .", "Merriam - Webster 's Collegiate Dictionary ( 11th edition ) leaves room for etymological uncertainty with the phrase , `` from the legendary association of such a delivery with the Roman cognomen Caesar ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Speculation that the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was born by the method now known as C - section is apparently false. The term has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere, ``to cut'', with children delivered this way referred to as caesones.", "selected_sentences": [ "Speculation that the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was born by the method now known as C - section is apparently false .", "The term has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere , `` to cut '' , with children delivered this way referred to as caesones ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The term, Caesarean section, has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere , `` to cut '' , with children delivered this way referred to as caesones . Pliny the Elder refers to a certain Julius Caesar ( an ancestor of the famous Roman statesman ) as ab utero caeso , `` cut from the womb '' giving this as an explanation for the cognomen `` Caesar '' which was then carried by his descendants .", "selected_sentences": [ "The term has also been explained as deriving from the verb caedere , `` to cut '' , with children delivered this way referred to as caesones .", "Pliny the Elder refers to a certain Julius Caesar ( an ancestor of the famous Roman statesman ) as ab utero caeso , `` cut from the womb '' giving this as an explanation for the cognomen `` Caesar '' which was then carried by his descendants ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Portugal", "text": "The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured into unknown seas during the Age of Discoveries . It was introduced by the Knights Templar , whose knowledge was essential to the Portuguese Discoveries -- Henry , the Navigator , the person mainly responsible for the development of Age of Discovery was actually the Grand Master of the Order of Christ . It thus became the symbol of the most important period of the nation -- the Portuguese discoveries . In light of this , King Manuel I , who ruled during this period , incorporated the armillary sphere into his personal banner . It was simultaneously used as the ensign of ships plying the route between the metropolis and Brazil , thus becoming a colonial symbol and a fulcral element of the flags of the future Brazilian kingdom and empire . ", "sentences": [ "The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured into unknown seas during the Age of Discoveries .", "It was introduced by the Knights Templar , whose knowledge was essential to the Portuguese Discoveries -- Henry , the Navigator , the person mainly responsible for the development of Age of Discovery was actually the Grand Master of the Order of Christ .", "It thus became the symbol of the most important period of the nation -- the Portuguese discoveries .", "In light of this , King Manuel I , who ruled during this period , incorporated the armillary sphere into his personal banner .", "It was simultaneously used as the ensign of ships plying the route between the metropolis and Brazil , thus becoming a colonial symbol and a fulcral element of the flags of the future Brazilian kingdom and empire ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured into unknown seas during the Age of Discoveries. It thus became the symbol of the most important period of the nation -- the Portuguese discoveries.", "selected_sentences": [ "The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured into unknown seas during the Age of Discoveries .", "It thus became the symbol of the most important period of the nation -- the Portuguese discoveries ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Amelia Shepherd", "text": "When Derek is offered a job by the President of the United States running a federal brain - mapping research project in Washington , D.C. , Amelia , having begun assisting at Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital with some of Derek 's patients , takes over his practice , as the head of neurosurgery , at the hospital . She thus gained monikers , such as `` Shepherdess '' and `` Lady Shepherd , '' so as to differentiate her from Derek . By season 11 , she permanently moves in with her brother and her sister - in - law . Initially , she is known at Grey - Sloan largely as Derek 's younger sister and once told her brother that she felt like she was constantly in his shadow . She soon begins a relationship with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , her boss , and admits to Derek that she is falling in love with him . However , she later tells Owen that it was a mistake to mix their personal and professional lives . Following her brother 's death and Meredith 's `` disappearance , '' she buries herself in work to distract herself . For some time she and Meredith were estranged over the circumstances of Derek 's death but after listening to the very last phone message Derek had recorded for Meredith , she is finally able to let go of the animosity and reaches out to Meredith . Meredith 's half sister Maggie moves in , with Amelia labeling the threesome `` Lady Chief Trifecta . '' She gradually befriends Meredith 's colleagues and is accepted into their circle . At the end of season 12 , she marries Owen Hunt . However , the marriage is very turbulent at times . They struggle to adjust to married life , especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids , nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child ( who Owen does n't know about ) . This strains the marriage to the point where she moves out and avoids him entirely . During the rest of the season , she grows closer to the two sisters and focuses more on her work , ignoring her stalling marriage . In season 14 , when she went into an MRI as part of a study conducted by Carina Deluca on female brain activity , she found out that she has a brain tumor . ", "sentences": [ "When Derek is offered a job by the President of the United States running a federal brain - mapping research project in Washington , D.C. , Amelia , having begun assisting at Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital with some of Derek 's patients , takes over his practice , as the head of neurosurgery , at the hospital .", "She thus gained monikers , such as `` Shepherdess '' and `` Lady Shepherd , '' so as to differentiate her from Derek .", "By season 11 , she permanently moves in with her brother and her sister - in - law .", "Initially , she is known at Grey - Sloan largely as Derek 's younger sister and once told her brother that she felt like she was constantly in his shadow .", "She soon begins a relationship with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , her boss , and admits to Derek that she is falling in love with him .", "However , she later tells Owen that it was a mistake to mix their personal and professional lives .", "Following her brother 's death and Meredith 's `` disappearance , '' she buries herself in work to distract herself .", "For some time she and Meredith were estranged over the circumstances of Derek 's death but after listening to the very last phone message Derek had recorded for Meredith , she is finally able to let go of the animosity and reaches out to Meredith .", "Meredith 's half sister Maggie moves in , with Amelia labeling the threesome `` Lady Chief Trifecta . ''", "She gradually befriends Meredith 's colleagues and is accepted into their circle .", "At the end of season 12 , she marries Owen Hunt .", "However , the marriage is very turbulent at times .", "They struggle to adjust to married life , especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids , nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child ( who Owen does n't know about ) .", "This strains the marriage to the point where she moves out and avoids him entirely .", "During the rest of the season , she grows closer to the two sisters and focuses more on her work , ignoring her stalling marriage .", "In season 14 , when she went into an MRI as part of a study conducted by Carina Deluca on female brain activity , she found out that she has a brain tumor ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Amelia, having begun assisting at Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital with some of her brother Derek's patients, takes over his practice as the head of neurosurgery at the hospital. By season 11, she permanently moves in with her brother and her sister - in - law. Following her brother's death, she and Meredith were estranged over the circumstances of Derek's death but after listening to the very last phone message Derek had recorded for Meredith, she is finally able to let go of the animosity and reaches out to Meredith. At the end of season 12, she marries Owen Hunt, however, the marriage is very turbulent to the point where she moves out and avoids him entirely. She grows closer to the two sisters and focuses more on her work. In season 14, when she went into an MRI as part of a study conducted by Carina Deluca on female brain activity, she found out that she has a brain tumor.", "selected_sentences": [ "When Derek is offered a job by the President of the United States running a federal brain - mapping research project in Washington , D.C. , Amelia , having begun assisting at Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital with some of Derek 's patients , takes over his practice , as the head of neurosurgery , at the hospital .", "By season 11 , she permanently moves in with her brother and her sister - in - law .", "Following her brother 's death and Meredith 's `` disappearance , '' she buries herself in work to distract herself .", "For some time she and Meredith were estranged over the circumstances of Derek 's death but after listening to the very last phone message Derek had recorded for Meredith , she is finally able to let go of the animosity and reaches out to Meredith .", "Meredith 's half sister Maggie moves in , with Amelia labeling the threesome `` Lady Chief Trifecta . ''", "At the end of season 12 , she marries Owen Hunt .", "However , the marriage is very turbulent at times .", "They struggle to adjust to married life , especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids , nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child ( who Owen does n't know about ) .", "This strains the marriage to the point where she moves out and avoids him entirely .", "During the rest of the season , she grows closer to the two sisters and focuses more on her work , ignoring her stalling marriage .", "In season 14 , when she went into an MRI as part of a study conducted by Carina Deluca on female brain activity , she found out that she has a brain tumor ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit", "text": "When searching for a place to film the interiors of the show , the producers found that there were no suitable studio spaces available in New York City . As a result , a space was chosen at NBC 's Central Archives building in nearby North Bergen , New Jersey , which had sat empty for some time , and featured air - conditioning , adequate parking , and 53,000 square feet ( 4,900 m ) of stage area . The Archives building was used for police station and courtroom scenes , with various other locations in Hudson County used for other scenes , such as a scene shot at the Meadowlands Parkway in Secaucus in 2010 . The production left New Jersey for New York in 2010 , however , when New Jersey Governor Chris Christie suspended the tax credits for film and television production for the Fiscal Year 2011 to close budget gaps . The show moved into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that had been occupied by the original Law & Order series until its cancellation in May 2010 . ", "sentences": [ "When searching for a place to film the interiors of the show , the producers found that there were no suitable studio spaces available in New York City .", "As a result , a space was chosen at NBC 's Central Archives building in nearby North Bergen , New Jersey , which had sat empty for some time , and featured air - conditioning , adequate parking , and 53,000 square feet ( 4,900 m ) of stage area .", "The Archives building was used for police station and courtroom scenes , with various other locations in Hudson County used for other scenes , such as a scene shot at the Meadowlands Parkway in Secaucus in 2010 .", "The production left New Jersey for New York in 2010 , however , when New Jersey Governor Chris Christie suspended the tax credits for film and television production for the Fiscal Year 2011 to close budget gaps .", "The show moved into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that had been occupied by the original Law & Order series until its cancellation in May 2010 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "NBC's Central Archives building in nearby North Bergen, New Jersey, was chosen for the set of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. The production left New Jersey for New York in 2010 when the show moved into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that had been occupied by the original Law & Order series.", "selected_sentences": [ "As a result , a space was chosen at NBC 's Central Archives building in nearby North Bergen , New Jersey , which had sat empty for some time , and featured air - conditioning , adequate parking , and 53,000 square feet ( 4,900 m ) of stage area .", "The production left New Jersey for New York in 2010 , however , when New Jersey Governor Chris Christie suspended the tax credits for film and television production for the Fiscal Year 2011 to close budget gaps .", "The show moved into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that had been occupied by the original Law & Order series until its cancellation in May 2010 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Trinity", "text": "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible . Genesis 1 : 1 - 3 posits God , His Spirit and the `` creative word of God '' together in the initial Genesis creation narrative account . While the Fathers of the Church saw Old Testament elements such as the appearance of three men to Abraham in Book of Genesis , chapter 18 , as foreshadowings of the Trinity , it was the New Testament that they saw as a basis for developing the concept of the Trinity . One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19 , which mandated baptizing `` in the name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Spirit '' . Another New Testament text pointing to the Trinity was John 1 : 1 - 14 , in which the inter-relationships of the Triune God are reflected in the gospel author 's description of `` the Word '' , again showing the elements of the Triune God and their eternal ( always was , always is , and always shall be ) existence . ( Revelation 1 : 8 ) Reflection , proclamation , and dialogue led to the formulation of the doctrine that was felt to correspond to the data in the Bible . ", "sentences": [ "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible .", "Genesis 1 : 1 - 3 posits God , His Spirit and the `` creative word of God '' together in the initial Genesis creation narrative account .", "While the Fathers of the Church saw Old Testament elements such as the appearance of three men to Abraham in Book of Genesis , chapter 18 , as foreshadowings of the Trinity , it was the New Testament that they saw as a basis for developing the concept of the Trinity .", "One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19 , which mandated baptizing `` in the name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Spirit '' .", "Another New Testament text pointing to the Trinity was John 1 : 1 - 14 , in which the inter-relationships of the Triune God are reflected in the gospel author 's description of `` the Word '' , again showing the elements of the Triune God and their eternal ( always was , always is , and always shall be ) existence .", "( Revelation 1 : 8 ) Reflection , proclamation , and dialogue led to the formulation of the doctrine that was felt to correspond to the data in the Bible ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible. One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19, which mandated baptizing ``in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit''.", "selected_sentences": [ "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible .", "One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19 , which mandated baptizing `` in the name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Spirit '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible. One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19, which mandated baptizing ``in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit''. Another New Testament text pointing to the Trinity was John 1 : 1 - 14 , in which the inter-relationships of the Triune God are reflected in the gospel author 's description of `` the Word '' ,", "selected_sentences": [ "Trinitarian theologians believe that manifestations of the Trinity are made evident from the very beginning of the Bible .", "One of the most influential of the New Testament texts seen as implying the teaching of the Trinity was Matthew 28 : 19 , which mandated baptizing `` in the name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Spirit '' .", "Another New Testament text pointing to the Trinity was John 1 : 1 - 14 , in which the inter-relationships of the Triune God are reflected in the gospel author 's description of `` the Word '' , again showing the elements of the Triune God and their eternal ( always was , always is , and always shall be ) existence ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bootstrapping", "text": "Tall boots may have a tab , loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap , allowing one to use fingers or a boot hook tool to help pulling the boots on . The saying `` to pull oneself up by one 's bootstraps '' was already in use during the 19 century as an example of an impossible task . The idiom dates at least to 1834 , when it appeared in the Workingman 's Advocate : `` It is conjectured that Mr. Murphee will now be enabled to hand himself over the Cumberland river or a barn yard fence by the straps of his boots . '' In 1860 it appeared in a comment on philosophy of mind : `` The attempt of the mind to analyze itself ( is ) an effort analogous to one who would lift himself by his own bootstraps . '' Bootstrap as a metaphor , meaning to better oneself by one 's own unaided efforts , was in use in 1922 . This metaphor spawned additional metaphors for a series of self - sustaining processes that proceed without external help . Baron ", "sentences": [ "Tall boots may have a tab , loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap , allowing one to use fingers or a boot hook tool to help pulling the boots on .", "The saying `` to pull oneself up by one 's bootstraps '' was already in use during the 19 century as an example of an impossible task .", "The idiom dates at least to 1834 , when it appeared in the Workingman 's Advocate : `` It is conjectured that Mr. Murphee will now be enabled to hand himself over the Cumberland river or a barn yard fence by the straps of his boots . ''", "In 1860 it appeared in a comment on philosophy of mind : `` The attempt of the mind to analyze itself ( is ) an effort analogous to one who would lift himself by his own bootstraps . ''", "Bootstrap as a metaphor , meaning to better oneself by one 's own unaided efforts , was in use in 1922 .", "This metaphor spawned additional metaphors for a series of self - sustaining processes that proceed without external help .", "Baron" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The saying `` to pull oneself up by one 's bootstraps '' was already in use during the 19 century as an example of an impossible task. As a metaphor, it means to better oneself by one's own unaided efforts.", "selected_sentences": [ "The saying `` to pull oneself up by one 's bootstraps '' was already in use during the 19 century as an example of an impossible task .", "Bootstrap as a metaphor , meaning to better oneself by one 's own unaided efforts , was in use in 1922 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Turning a blind eye", "text": "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson . Nelson was blinded in one eye early in his Royal Navy career . During the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 the cautious Admiral Sir Hyde Parker , in overall command of the British forces , sent a signal to Nelson 's forces ordering them to discontinue the action . Naval orders were transmitted via a system of signal flags at that time . When this order was brought to the more aggressive Nelson 's attention , he lifted his telescope up to his blind eye , saying , `` I have a right to be blind sometimes . I really do not see the signal , '' and most of his forces continued to press home the attack . The frigates supporting the line - of - battle ships did break off , in one case suffering severe losses in the retreat . ", "sentences": [ "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson .", "Nelson was blinded in one eye early in his Royal Navy career .", "During the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 the cautious Admiral Sir Hyde Parker , in overall command of the British forces , sent a signal to Nelson 's forces ordering them to discontinue the action .", "Naval orders were transmitted via a system of signal flags at that time .", "When this order was brought to the more aggressive Nelson 's attention , he lifted his telescope up to his blind eye , saying , `` I have a right to be blind sometimes .", "I really do not see the signal , '' and most of his forces continued to press home the attack .", "The frigates supporting the line - of - battle ships did break off , in one case suffering severe losses in the retreat ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson, when he lifted his telescope to his blind eye saying that he could be blind sometimes to disregard an order.", "selected_sentences": [ "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson .", "When this order was brought to the more aggressive Nelson 's attention , he lifted his telescope up to his blind eye , saying , `` I have a right to be blind sometimes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson, when he lifted his telescope to his blind eye saying that he could be blind sometimes to disregard an order that was sent to his forces via signal flags.", "selected_sentences": [ "The phrase to turn a blind eye is attributed to an incident in the life of Admiral Horatio Nelson .", "During the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 the cautious Admiral Sir Hyde Parker , in overall command of the British forces , sent a signal to Nelson 's forces ordering them to discontinue the action .", "Naval orders were transmitted via a system of signal flags at that time .", "When this order was brought to the more aggressive Nelson 's attention , he lifted his telescope up to his blind eye , saying , `` I have a right to be blind sometimes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tar Heel", "text": "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War . ", "sentences": [ "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .", "For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina .", "Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it .", "One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .", "The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The exact etymology of the nickname \"Tar Heel\" is unknown, but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar, pitch, and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina's most important exports early in the state's history. A legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War, because of the state's importance on the Confederate side, and the fact that the troops ``stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels''.", "selected_sentences": [ "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .", "One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Melanie (singer)", "text": "Daliah Lavi recorded a successful German version of the song in 1971 and Ray Charles released a cover ( as `` Look What They 've Done to My Song , Ma '' ) in 1972 . The song has also been covered by many other artists , including Nina Simone , the New Seekers , Dalida and Billie Jo Spears . Czechoslovakian singer Helena Vondráčková recorded it in 1971 as `` Kam zmizel ten starý song '' with Czech lyrics by Zdeněk Borovec . Yugoslav rock band Bajaga i Instruktori released a cover of it with lyrics in Serbian , called `` Vidi šta sam ti uradio od pesme , mama '' , in 1985 . It was used in the 1970s as a commercial for Lifebuoy soap ( `` Look what they 've done to my Lifebuoy '' ) , and in the 1980s as a commercial jingle for Ramada Inn ( as `` Look what they 've done to Ramada '' ) and for Oatmeal Crisp cereal ( as `` Look what they 've done to my oatmeal '' ) . In October 2012 , Miley Cyrus released a video of her own acoustic version of the song as part of her Backyard Sessions series . In 2015 , Melanie joined her to duet on the song in addition to `` Peace Will Come ( According to Plan ) '' . ", "sentences": [ "Daliah Lavi recorded a successful German version of the song in 1971 and Ray Charles released a cover ( as `` Look What They 've Done to My Song , Ma '' ) in 1972 .", "The song has also been covered by many other artists , including Nina Simone , the New Seekers , Dalida and Billie Jo Spears .", "Czechoslovakian singer Helena Vondráčková recorded it in 1971 as `` Kam zmizel ten starý song '' with Czech lyrics by Zdeněk Borovec .", "Yugoslav rock band Bajaga i Instruktori released a cover of it with lyrics in Serbian , called `` Vidi šta sam ti uradio od pesme , mama '' , in 1985 .", "It was used in the 1970s as a commercial for Lifebuoy soap ( `` Look what they 've done to my Lifebuoy '' ) , and in the 1980s as a commercial jingle for Ramada Inn ( as `` Look what they 've done to Ramada '' ) and for Oatmeal Crisp cereal ( as `` Look what they 've done to my oatmeal '' ) .", "In October 2012 , Miley Cyrus released a video of her own acoustic version of the song as part of her Backyard Sessions series .", "In 2015 , Melanie joined her to duet on the song in addition to `` Peace Will Come ( According to Plan ) '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Daliah Lavi recorded a successful German version of the song in 1971 and Ray Charles released a cover (as `` Look What They 've Done to My Song , Ma '' ) in 1972. The song has also been covered by many other artists, including Nina Simone, the New Seekers, Dalida and Billie Jo Spears, Czechoslovakian singer Helena Vondráčková, Yugoslav rock band Bajaga i Instruktori, Miley Cyrus , and Melanie.", "selected_sentences": [ "Daliah Lavi recorded a successful German version of the song in 1971 and Ray Charles released a cover ( as `` Look What They 've Done to My Song , Ma '' ) in 1972 .", "The song has also been covered by many other artists , including Nina Simone , the New Seekers , Dalida and Billie Jo Spears .", "Czechoslovakian singer Helena Vondráčková recorded it in 1971 as `` Kam zmizel ten starý song '' with Czech lyrics by Zdeněk Borovec .", "Yugoslav rock band Bajaga i Instruktori released a cover of it with lyrics in Serbian , called `` Vidi šta sam ti uradio od pesme , mama '' , in 1985 .", "In October 2012 , Miley Cyrus released a video of her own acoustic version of the song as part of her Backyard Sessions series .", "In 2015 , Melanie joined her to duet on the song in addition to `` Peace Will Come ( According to Plan ) '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lion", "text": "The lion typically inhabits grasslands and savannahs , but is absent in dense forests . It is usually more diurnal than other big cats , but when persecuted adapts to being active at night and at twilight . A lion pride consists of a few adult males , related females and cubs . Prides vary in size and composition from three to 20 adult lions , depending on habitat and prey availability . Females cooperate when hunting and prey mostly on large ungulates , including antelope , deer , buffalo , zebra and even giraffe . ", "sentences": [ "The lion typically inhabits grasslands and savannahs , but is absent in dense forests .", "It is usually more diurnal than other big cats , but when persecuted adapts to being active at night and at twilight .", "A lion pride consists of a few adult males , related females and cubs .", "Prides vary in size and composition from three to 20 adult lions , depending on habitat and prey availability .", "Females cooperate when hunting and prey mostly on large ungulates , including antelope , deer , buffalo , zebra and even giraffe ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The lion typically inhabits grasslands and savannahs. Females cooperate when hunting and prey mostly on large ungulates, including antelope, deer, buffalo, zebra and even giraffe.", "selected_sentences": [ "The lion typically inhabits grasslands and savannahs , but is absent in dense forests .", "Females cooperate when hunting and prey mostly on large ungulates , including antelope , deer , buffalo , zebra and even giraffe ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Connective tissue", "text": "Connective tissue has a wide variety of functions that depend on the types of cells and the different classes of fibers involved . Loose and dense irregular connective tissue , formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers , have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells , and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation . They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces . Dense regular connective tissue , which forms organized structures , is a major functional component of tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses , and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea . Elastic fibers , made from elastin and fibrillin , also provide resistance to stretch forces . They are found in the walls of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments , particularly in the ligamenta flava . ", "sentences": [ "Connective tissue has a wide variety of functions that depend on the types of cells and the different classes of fibers involved .", "Loose and dense irregular connective tissue , formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers , have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells , and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation .", "They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces .", "Dense regular connective tissue , which forms organized structures , is a major functional component of tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses , and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea .", "Elastic fibers , made from elastin and fibrillin , also provide resistance to stretch forces .", "They are found in the walls of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments , particularly in the ligamenta flava ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Loose and dense irregular connective tissue, formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers, have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells, and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation. Dense regular connective tissue, which forms organized structures, is a major functional component of tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses, and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea.", "selected_sentences": [ "Loose and dense irregular connective tissue , formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers , have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells , and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation .", "Dense regular connective tissue , which forms organized structures , is a major functional component of tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses , and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Loose and dense irregular connective tissue have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells, and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation. They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces. Dense regular connective tissue is a major functional component of tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses, and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea.", "selected_sentences": [ "Loose and dense irregular connective tissue , formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers , have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells , and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation .", "They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces .", "Dense regular connective tissue , which forms organized structures , is a major functional component of tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses , and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "You can't have your cake and eat it", "text": "You ca n't have your cake and eat it ( too ) is a popular English idiomatic proverb or figure of speech . The proverb literally means `` you can not simultaneously retain your cake and eat it '' . Once the cake is eaten , it is gone . It can be used to say that one can not or should not have or want more than one deserves or is reasonable , or that one can not or should not try to have two incompatible things . The proverb 's meaning is similar to the phrases `` you ca n't have it both ways '' and `` you ca n't have the best of both worlds . '' ", "sentences": [ "You ca n't have your cake and eat it ( too ) is a popular English idiomatic proverb or figure of speech .", "The proverb literally means `` you can not simultaneously retain your cake and eat it '' .", "Once the cake is eaten , it is gone .", "It can be used to say that one can not or should not have or want more than one deserves or is reasonable , or that one can not or should not try to have two incompatible things .", "The proverb 's meaning is similar to the phrases `` you ca n't have it both ways '' and `` you ca n't have the best of both worlds . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "You can't have your cake and eat it ( too ) is a popular English idiomatic proverb or figure or figure of speech. Its meaning is similar to the phrases `` you can't have it both ways '' and `` you can't have the best of both worlds . '", "selected_sentences": [ "You ca n't have your cake and eat it ( too ) is a popular English idiomatic proverb or figure of speech .", "The proverb 's meaning is similar to the phrases `` you ca n't have it both ways '' and `` you ca n't have the best of both worlds . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "text": "By August 1945 , the Allies ' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bomb , and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands . Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25 . On August 6 , the U.S. dropped a uranium gun - type ( Little Boy ) bomb on Hiroshima , and American President Harry S. Truman called for Japan 's surrender , warning it to `` expect a rain of ruin from the air , the like of which has never been seen on this earth . '' Three days later , on August 9 , a plutonium implosion - type ( Fat Man ) bomb was dropped on Nagasaki . Within the first two to four months following the bombings , the acute effects of the atomic bombings had killed 90,000 -- 146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000 -- 80,000 in Nagasaki ; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day . During the following months , large numbers died from the effect of burns , radiation sickness , and other injuries , compounded by illness and malnutrition . In both cities , most of the dead were civilians , although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison . ", "sentences": [ "By August 1945 , the Allies ' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bomb , and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B - 29", "Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands .", "Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25 .", "On August 6 , the U.S. dropped a uranium gun - type ( Little Boy ) bomb on Hiroshima , and American President Harry S. Truman called for Japan 's surrender , warning it to `` expect a rain of ruin from the air , the like of which has never been seen on this earth . ''", "Three days later , on August 9 , a plutonium implosion - type ( Fat Man ) bomb was dropped on Nagasaki .", "Within the first two to four months following the bombings , the acute effects of the atomic bombings had killed 90,000 -- 146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000 -- 80,000 in Nagasaki ; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day .", "During the following months , large numbers died from the effect of burns , radiation sickness , and other injuries , compounded by illness and malnutrition .", "In both cities , most of the dead were civilians , although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped a uranium gun-type (Little Boy) bomb on Hiroshima.", "selected_sentences": [ "By August 1945 , the Allies ' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bomb , and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B - 29", "On August 6 , the U.S. dropped a uranium gun - type ( Little Boy ) bomb on Hiroshima , and American President Harry S. Truman called for Japan 's surrender , warning it to `` expect a rain of ruin from the air , the like of which has never been seen on this earth . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Alienist (TV series)", "text": "The Alienist is an American period drama television series based on the novel of the same name by Caleb Carr . The ten - episode limited series first aired on TNT as a sneak peek on January 21 , 2018 , before its official premiere on January 22 , 2018 , and ended on March 26 , 2018 . The series stars Daniel Brühl , Luke Evans , and Dakota Fanning as an ad hoc team assembled in mid-1890s New York City to investigate a serial killer who is murdering street children . The series incorporates fact with fiction by including the characters that are historical figures , such as Theodore Roosevelt , who held the post of police commissioner from 1895 to 1897 . On August 16 , 2018 , TNT ordered a sequel series based around the follow - up novel The Angel of Darkness . ", "sentences": [ "The Alienist is an American period drama television series based on the novel of the same name by Caleb Carr .", "The ten - episode limited series first aired on TNT as a sneak peek on January 21 , 2018 , before its official premiere on January 22 , 2018 , and ended on March 26 , 2018 .", "The series stars Daniel Brühl , Luke Evans , and Dakota Fanning as an ad hoc team assembled in mid-1890s New York City to investigate a serial killer who is murdering street children .", "The series incorporates fact with fiction by including the characters that are historical figures , such as Theodore Roosevelt , who held the post of police commissioner from 1895 to 1897 .", "On August 16 , 2018 , TNT ordered a sequel series based around the follow - up novel The Angel of Darkness ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Alienist ten - episode limited series first aired on TNT on January 21 , 2018. On August 16 , 2018 , TNT ordered a sequel series.", "selected_sentences": [ "The ten - episode limited series first aired on TNT as a sneak peek on January 21 , 2018 , before its official premiere on January 22 , 2018 , and ended on March 26 , 2018 .", "On August 16 , 2018 , TNT ordered a sequel series based around the follow - up novel The Angel of Darkness ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Alienist is a ten - episode limited series. Its official premiere was on January 22 , 2018 , and the series ended on March 26 , 2018.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Alienist is an American period drama television series based on the novel of the same name by Caleb Carr .", "The ten - episode limited series first aired on TNT as a sneak peek on January 21 , 2018 , before its official premiere on January 22 , 2018 , and ended on March 26 , 2018 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Pier 39", "text": "California sea lions have always been present in San Francisco Bay . They started to haul out on docks of Pier 39 in September 1989 . Before that they mostly used Seal Rock for that purpose . Ever since September 1989 the number of sea lions on Seal Rock has been steadily decreasing , while their number on Pier 39 has generally increased . Some people speculate that sea lions moved to docks because of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , but the earthquake occurred months after the first sea lions had arrived at Pier 39 . It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay . The ", "sentences": [ "California sea lions have always been present in San Francisco Bay .", "They started to haul out on docks of Pier 39 in September 1989 .", "Before that they mostly used Seal Rock for that purpose .", "Ever since September 1989 the number of sea lions on Seal Rock has been steadily decreasing , while their number on Pier 39 has generally increased .", "Some people speculate that sea lions moved to docks because of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , but the earthquake occurred months after the first sea lions had arrived at Pier 39 .", "It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay .", "The" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "California sea lions have always been present in San Francisco Bay. They started to haul out on docks of Pier 39 in September 1989. It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay.", "selected_sentences": [ "California sea lions have always been present in San Francisco Bay .", "They started to haul out on docks of Pier 39 in September 1989 .", "It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Some speculate that it's because of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay at Pier 39.", "selected_sentences": [ "Some people speculate that sea lions moved to docks because of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , but the earthquake occurred months after the first sea lions had arrived at Pier 39 .", "It is likely that the sea lions feel safer inside the Bay ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Twelve Spies", "text": "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them . They did not believe that God could help them , and the people as a whole were persuaded that it was not possible to take the land . As a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years , until almost the entire generation of men had died . Joshua and Caleb were the two spies who brought back a good report and believed that God would help them succeed . They were the only men from their generation permitted to go into the Promised Land after the time of wandering . ", "sentences": [ "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them .", "They did not believe that God could help them , and the people as a whole were persuaded that it was not possible to take the land .", "As a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years , until almost the entire generation of men had died .", "Joshua and Caleb were the two spies who brought back a good report and believed that God would help them succeed .", "They were the only men from their generation permitted to go into the Promised Land after the time of wandering ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them .\r\nAs a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years , until almost the entire generation of men had died .", "selected_sentences": [ "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them .", "As a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years , until almost the entire generation of men had died ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them .They did not believe that God could help them , and the people as a whole were persuaded that it was not possible to take the land . As a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years", "selected_sentences": [ "When ten of the twelve spies showed little faith in the doom and gloom report they gave about the land , they were slandering what they believed God had promised them .", "They did not believe that God could help them , and the people as a whole were persuaded that it was not possible to take the land .", "As a result , the entire nation was made to wander in the desert for 40 years , until almost the entire generation of men had died ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Man with No Name", "text": "The Man with No Name ( Italian : Uomo senza nome ) is the protagonist portrayed by Clint Eastwood in Sergio Leone 's `` Dollars Trilogy '' of Spaghetti Western films : A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ) , For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) . He is easily recognizable due to his iconic poncho , brown hat , tan cowboy boots , fondness for cigarillos and the fact that he rarely talks . Since he never received an official name in any of the films , he is conventionally known as `` the man with no name '' . When Clint Eastwood was honored with the American Film Institute 's Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996 , Jim Carrey held the introductory speech and said : `` ' The Man With No Name ' had no name , so we could fill in our own . '' In 2008 , Empire chose the Man With No Name as the 33rd greatest movie character of all time . ", "sentences": [ "The Man with No Name ( Italian : Uomo senza nome ) is the protagonist portrayed by Clint Eastwood in Sergio Leone 's `` Dollars Trilogy '' of Spaghetti Western films : A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ) , For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) .", "He is easily recognizable due to his iconic poncho , brown hat , tan cowboy boots , fondness for cigarillos and the fact that he rarely talks .", "Since he never received an official name in any of the films , he is conventionally known as `` the man with no name '' .", "When Clint Eastwood was honored with the American Film Institute 's Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996 , Jim Carrey held the introductory speech and said : `` ' The Man With No Name ' had no name , so we could fill in our own . ''", "In 2008 , Empire chose the Man With No Name as the 33rd greatest movie character of all time ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Man with No Name is the protagonist portrayed by Clint Eastwood in Sergio Leone's ``Dollars Trilogy'' of Spaghetti Western films: A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ), For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ). Since he never received an official name in any of the films, he is conventionally known as `` the man with no name ''.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Man with No Name ( Italian : Uomo senza nome ) is the protagonist portrayed by Clint Eastwood in Sergio Leone 's `` Dollars Trilogy '' of Spaghetti Western films : A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ) , For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) .", "Since he never received an official name in any of the films , he is conventionally known as `` the man with no name '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Jenilee Harrison", "text": "Harrison joined the cast of ABC 's Three 's Company in 1980 . She entered the show as a replacement for Suzanne Somers who played the sitcom 's `` ditzy blonde '' Chrissy Snow . Somers left the show just after the show 's fifth season had begun . Harrison was cast as Somers ' replacement . Harrison 's character , Cindy Snow , was created to be Chrissy Snow 's cousin . Unlike Chrissy , Cindy was not a `` dumb blonde '' ; instead , she was an extremely clumsy farm - girl . The character of Cindy was similar enough to Chrissy , however , that producers could use scripts already written with the Chrissy character in mind . Harrison debuted on Three 's Company in the episode entitled `` Chrissy 's Cousin '' ( season 5 , episode 7 ) . She enters as Jack and Janet 's new roommate after Chrissy 's departure . Cindy proves she 's a klutz right away by knocking Jack down . Her constant `` accidents '' ( mainly with Jack ) added to the show 's gags of characters being clumsy . Even though she had replaced Somers , Harrison was not given opening credits billing , and instead Somers still obtained opening billing ( as a part of finishing off her contract ) . Harrison was end - credits billed , as a guest star . ", "sentences": [ "Harrison joined the cast of ABC 's Three 's Company in 1980 .", "She entered the show as a replacement for Suzanne Somers who played the sitcom 's `` ditzy blonde '' Chrissy Snow .", "Somers left the show just after the show 's fifth season had begun .", "Harrison was cast as Somers ' replacement .", "Harrison 's character , Cindy Snow , was created to be Chrissy Snow 's cousin .", "Unlike Chrissy , Cindy was not a `` dumb blonde '' ; instead , she was an extremely clumsy farm - girl .", "The character of Cindy was similar enough to Chrissy , however , that producers could use scripts already written with the Chrissy character in mind .", "Harrison debuted on Three 's Company in the episode entitled `` Chrissy 's Cousin '' ( season 5 , episode 7 ) .", "She enters as Jack and Janet 's new roommate after Chrissy 's departure .", "Cindy proves she 's a klutz right away by knocking Jack down .", "Her constant `` accidents '' ( mainly with Jack ) added to the show 's gags of characters being clumsy .", "Even though she had replaced Somers , Harrison was not given opening credits billing , and instead Somers still obtained opening billing ( as a part of finishing off her contract ) .", "Harrison was end - credits billed , as a guest star ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jenilee Harrison's character, Cindy Snow, was created to be Chrissy Snow's cousin.", "selected_sentences": [ "Harrison 's character , Cindy Snow , was created to be Chrissy Snow 's cousin ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Vermont", "text": "The origin of the name `` Vermont '' is uncertain , but likely comes from the French Les Verts Monts , meaning `` the Green Mountains '' . Thomas Young introduced it in 1777 . In 1913 , the Secretary of State of Vermont speculated that the archaic French term Verd Mont ( green mountain ) may have inspired Young . Another source points out the predominance of mica - quartz - chlorite schist , a green - hued metamorphosed shale , as a possible reason . The Green Mountains form a north -- south spine running most of the length of the state , slightly west of its center . In the southwest portion of the state are located the Taconic Mountains . In the northwest , near Lake Champlain , is the fertile Champlain Valley . In the south of the valley is Lake Bomoseen . ", "sentences": [ "The origin of the name `` Vermont '' is uncertain , but likely comes from the French Les Verts Monts , meaning `` the Green Mountains '' .", "Thomas Young introduced it in 1777 .", "In 1913 , the Secretary of State of Vermont speculated that the archaic French term Verd Mont ( green mountain ) may have inspired Young .", "Another source points out the predominance of mica - quartz - chlorite schist , a green - hued metamorphosed shale , as a possible reason .", "The Green Mountains form a north -- south spine running most of the length of the state , slightly west of its center .", "In the southwest portion of the state are located the Taconic Mountains .", "In the northwest , near Lake Champlain , is the fertile Champlain Valley .", "In the south of the valley is Lake Bomoseen ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origin of the name `` Vermont '' is uncertain , but likely comes from the French Les Verts Monts , meaning `` the Green Mountains '' .\r\n It could also be due to the predominance of mica - quartz - chlorite schist , a green - hued metamorphosed shale , as a possible reason .", "selected_sentences": [ "The origin of the name `` Vermont '' is uncertain , but likely comes from the French Les Verts Monts , meaning `` the Green Mountains '' .", "Another source points out the predominance of mica - quartz - chlorite schist , a green - hued metamorphosed shale , as a possible reason ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "First day of school", "text": "In the United States , educational policy is determined primarily at the state level and at the level of individual school districts . Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start . Most schools start usually the day after Labor Day in September , while some can start in early August . The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday or Thursday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) . On that day , public transportation services increase and start the rush hour earlier . In some other school districts , school begins in August . For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 . ", "sentences": [ "In the United States , educational policy is determined primarily at the state level and at the level of individual school districts .", "Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start .", "Most schools start usually the day after Labor Day in September , while some can start in early August .", "The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday or Thursday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) .", "On that day , public transportation services increase and start the rush hour earlier .", "In some other school districts , school begins in August .", "For example , in San Diego Unified School District , San Diego , California , the first school student 's day of 2017 - 18 school year was set to August 28 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There is no one particular day on which all schools start. Most schools start usually on the Wednesday or Thursday after Labor Day in September, while some can start in early or late August.", "selected_sentences": [ "Therefore , there is no one particular day on which all schools start .", "Most schools start usually the day after Labor Day in September , while some can start in early August .", "The first day of school for many school districts is on the Wednesday or Thursday after Labor Day ( first Monday in September ) .", "In some other school districts , school begins in August ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bauhaus", "text": "Germany 's defeat in World War I , the fall of the German monarchy and the abolition of censorship under the new , liberal Weimar Republic allowed an upsurge of radical experimentation in all the arts , which had been suppressed by the old regime . Many Germans of left - wing views were influenced by the cultural experimentation that followed the Russian Revolution , such as constructivism . Such influences can be overstated : Gropius did not share these radical views , and said that Bauhaus was entirely apolitical . Just as important was the influence of the 19th century English designer William Morris , who had argued that art should meet the needs of society and that there should be no distinction between form and function . Thus , the Bauhaus style , also known as the International Style , was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design . ", "sentences": [ "Germany 's defeat in World War I , the fall of the German monarchy and the abolition of censorship under the new , liberal Weimar Republic allowed an upsurge of radical experimentation in all the arts , which had been suppressed by the old regime .", "Many Germans of left - wing views were influenced by the cultural experimentation that followed the Russian Revolution , such as constructivism .", "Such influences can be overstated : Gropius did not share these radical views , and said that Bauhaus was entirely apolitical .", "Just as important was the influence of the 19th century English designer William Morris , who had argued that art should meet the needs of society and that there should be no distinction between form and function .", "Thus , the Bauhaus style , also known as the International Style , was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "According to Gropius the Bauhaus was entirely apolitical .\r\nTherefore , the Bauhaus style , also known as the International Style , was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design .", "selected_sentences": [ "Such influences can be overstated : Gropius did not share these radical views , and said that Bauhaus was entirely apolitical .", "Thus , the Bauhaus style , also known as the International Style , was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of Texas", "text": "Although not recognized as such by Mexico , Texas declared itself an independent nation , the Republic of Texas . Attracted by the rich lands for cotton plantations and ranching , tens of thousands of immigrants arrived from the U.S. and from Germany as well . In 1845 , Texas joined the United States , becoming the 28th state , when the United States annexed it . Only after the conclusion of the Mexican - American War , with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 , did Mexico recognize Texan independence . Texas declared its secession from the United States in 1861 to join the Confederate States of America . Only a few battles of the American Civil War were fought in Texas ; most Texas regiments served in the east . When the war ended , the enslaved African Americans were freed . Texas was subject to Reconstruction , a process that left a residue of bitterness among whites . They regained political dominance and passed laws in the late 19th century creating second - class status for blacks in a Jim Crow system of segregation and disenfranchising them in 1901 through passage of a poll tax . Blacks were excluded from the formal political system until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s . ", "sentences": [ "Although not recognized as such by Mexico , Texas declared itself an independent nation , the Republic of Texas .", "Attracted by the rich lands for cotton plantations and ranching , tens of thousands of immigrants arrived from the U.S. and from Germany as well .", "In 1845 , Texas joined the United States , becoming the 28th state , when the United States annexed it .", "Only after the conclusion of the Mexican - American War , with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 , did Mexico recognize Texan independence .", "Texas declared its secession from the United States in 1861 to join the Confederate States of America .", "Only a few battles of the American Civil War were fought in Texas ; most Texas regiments served in the east .", "When the war ended , the enslaved African Americans were freed .", "Texas was subject to Reconstruction , a process that left a residue of bitterness among whites .", "They regained political dominance and passed laws in the late 19th century creating second - class status for blacks in a Jim Crow system of segregation and disenfranchising them in 1901 through passage of a poll tax .", "Blacks were excluded from the formal political system until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Before Texas joined the United States in 1845, although not recognized as such by Mexico , Texas declared itself an independent nation , the Republic of Texas .", "selected_sentences": [ "Although not recognized as such by Mexico , Texas declared itself an independent nation , the Republic of Texas .", "In 1845 , Texas joined the United States , becoming the 28th state , when the United States annexed it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Grip (job)", "text": "In the U.S. and Canada , grips are technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries . They constitute their own department on a film set and are directed by a key grip . Grips have two main functions . The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support , especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly , crane , or in an unusual position , such as the top of a ladder . Some grips may specialize in operating camera dollies or camera cranes . The second main function of grips is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set - ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography . ", "sentences": [ "In the U.S. and Canada , grips are technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries .", "They constitute their own department on a film set and are directed by a key grip .", "Grips have two main functions .", "The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support , especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly , crane , or in an unusual position , such as the top of a ladder .", "Some grips may specialize in operating camera dollies or camera cranes .", "The second main function of grips is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set - ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Grips have two main functions. The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support, especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly, crane, or in an unusual position, such as the top of a ladder. The second main function of grips is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set-ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography.", "selected_sentences": [ "Grips have two main functions .", "The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support , especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly , crane , or in an unusual position , such as the top of a ladder .", "The second main function of grips is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set - ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lyme disease", "text": "Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere . It is estimated to affect 300,000 people a year in the United States and 65,000 people a year in Europe . Infections are most common in the spring and early summer . Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme , Connecticut . It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . The bacterium involved was first described in 1981 by Willy Burgdorfer . Chronic symptoms are well described and are known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome , often called chronic Lyme disease . Some healthcare providers claim that it is due to ongoing infection ; however , this is not believed to be true , due to the inability to detect infectious organisms after standard treatment . A Lyme vaccine was marketed in the US between 1998 and 2002 ; it was withdrawn from the market due to poor sales , originally due to lack of reimbursement by insurance companies and then due to rumors about adverse effects . Research is ongoing to develop new vaccines . ", "sentences": [ "Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere .", "It is estimated to affect 300,000 people a year in the United States and 65,000 people a year in Europe .", "Infections are most common in the spring and early summer .", "Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme , Connecticut .", "It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis .", "The bacterium involved was first described in 1981 by Willy Burgdorfer .", "Chronic symptoms are well described and are known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome , often called chronic Lyme disease .", "Some healthcare providers claim that it is due to ongoing infection ; however , this is not believed to be true , due to the inability to detect infectious organisms after standard treatment .", "A Lyme vaccine was marketed in the US between 1998 and 2002 ; it was withdrawn from the market due to poor sales , originally due to lack of reimbursement by insurance companies and then due to rumors about adverse effects .", "Research is ongoing to develop new vaccines ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere , and was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme , Connecticut .", "selected_sentences": [ "Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere .", "Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme , Connecticut ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Go Rest High on That Mountain", "text": "`` Go Rest High on That Mountain '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill . It was released in August 1995 as the sixth single from his album When Love Finds You . It is a eulogic ballad . Gill began writing the song following the death of country music superstar Keith Whitley , who died in 1989 . Gill did not finish the song until a few years later following the death of his older brother Bob , in 1993 , of a heart attack . Ricky Skaggs and Patty Loveless both sang background vocals on the record . ", "sentences": [ "`` Go Rest High on That Mountain '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill .", "It was released in August 1995 as the sixth single from his album When Love Finds You .", "It is a eulogic ballad .", "Gill began writing the song following the death of country music superstar Keith Whitley , who died in 1989 .", "Gill did not finish the song until a few years later following the death of his older brother Bob , in 1993 , of a heart attack .", "Ricky Skaggs and Patty Loveless both sang background vocals on the record ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "`` Go Rest High on That Mountain '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill.\r\n It is a eulogic ballad .", "selected_sentences": [ "`` Go Rest High on That Mountain '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill .", "It is a eulogic ballad ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Age of marriage in the United States", "text": "Unlike most Western countries , 21 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage . Individuals aged 18 have the ability to marry in U.S. states except Nebraska ( 19 ) and Mississippi ( 21 ) . In addition , all states , except Delaware , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations . Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone . In most states , children under 16 can be married too . In the 29 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 13 and 18 , while in 21 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met . Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute , the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states . Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 . ", "sentences": [ "Unlike most Western countries , 21 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage .", "Individuals aged 18 have the ability to marry in U.S. states except Nebraska ( 19 ) and Mississippi ( 21 ) .", "In addition , all states , except Delaware , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations .", "Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone .", "In most states , children under 16 can be married too .", "In the 29 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute , this age varies between 13 and 18 , while in 21 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met .", "Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute , the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states .", "Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "All states , except Delaware , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations. In Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 .", "selected_sentences": [ "In addition , all states , except Delaware , allow minors to marry in certain circumstances , such as parental consent , judicial consent , pregnancy , or a combination of these situations .", "Over the past 15 years , more than 200,000 minors married in US , and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Apothecaries' system", "text": "The apothecaries ' system or apothecaries ' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes , and also sometimes by scientists . The English version of the system is closely related to the English troy system of weights , the pound and grain being exactly the same in both . It divides a pound into 12 ounces , an ounce into 8 drachms , and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains . This exact form of the system was used in the United Kingdom ; in some of its former colonies it survived well into the 20th century . The apothecaries ' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce . For a long time , medical recipes were written in Latin , often using special symbols to denote weights and measures . ", "sentences": [ "The apothecaries ' system or apothecaries ' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes , and also sometimes by scientists .", "The English version of the system is closely related to the English troy system of weights , the pound and grain being exactly the same in both .", "It divides a pound into 12 ounces , an ounce into 8 drachms , and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains .", "This exact form of the system was used in the United Kingdom ; in some of its former colonies it survived well into the 20th century .", "The apothecaries ' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce .", "For a long time , medical recipes were written in Latin , often using special symbols to denote weights and measures ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The apothecaries ' system or apothecaries ' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units, it divides a pound into 12 ounces , an ounce into 8 drachms , and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains. The apothecaries ' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce.", "selected_sentences": [ "The apothecaries ' system or apothecaries ' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes , and also sometimes by scientists .", "It divides a pound into 12 ounces , an ounce into 8 drachms , and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains .", "The apothecaries ' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The apothecaries' system is a system of mass and volume units, where the pound and grain were to measure weight in its English version. It divides a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into 8 drachms, and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains. The system volume units are based on the fluid ounce.", "selected_sentences": [ "The apothecaries ' system or apothecaries ' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes , and also sometimes by scientists .", "The English version of the system is closely related to the English troy system of weights , the pound and grain being exactly the same in both .", "It divides a pound into 12 ounces , an ounce into 8 drachms , and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains .", "The apothecaries ' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tom Bombadil", "text": "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey . He and his wife Goldberry , the `` Daughter of the River '' , still live in their house on the Withywindle , and some of the characters and situations from the original poem appear in The Lord of the Rings . In the book , he is described as `` Master of wood , water and hill '' , and nearly always speaks or sings in stress - timed metre : 7 - beat lines broken into groups of 4 and 3 ( old English metre as first noted in Caedmons Hymn in the story of Bede , discovered in the 19th century ) . He appears in three chapters , `` The Old Forest '' , `` In the House of Tom Bombadil '' and `` Fog on the Barrow - downs '' . He is mentioned in the chapter `` The Council of Elrond '' as a possible keeper and protector of the One Ring , as well as at the end of the story in `` Homeward Bound '' and `` The Grey Havens '' . Behind Bombadil 's simple façade are hints of great knowledge and power , though limited to his own domain . However , there is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth ; he tells Frodo , Sam , Merry and Pippin that he was there when the Elves first came West , Elrond states that Bombadil was considered old during the Elder Days ( even by high Elf lords ) , and Bombadil names himself `` Eldest '' . ", "sentences": [ "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey .", "He and his wife Goldberry , the `` Daughter of the River '' , still live in their house on the Withywindle , and some of the characters and situations from the original poem appear in The Lord of the Rings .", "In the book , he is described as `` Master of wood , water and hill '' , and nearly always speaks or sings in stress - timed metre : 7 - beat lines broken into groups of 4 and 3 ( old English metre as first noted in Caedmons Hymn in the story of Bede , discovered in the 19th century ) .", "He appears in three chapters , `` The Old Forest '' , `` In the House of Tom Bombadil '' and `` Fog on the Barrow - downs '' .", "He is mentioned in the chapter `` The Council of Elrond '' as a possible keeper and protector of the One Ring , as well as at the end of the story in `` Homeward Bound '' and `` The Grey Havens '' .", "Behind Bombadil 's simple façade are hints of great knowledge and power , though limited to his own domain .", "However , there is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth ; he tells Frodo , Sam , Merry and Pippin that he was there when the Elves first came West , Elrond states that Bombadil was considered old during the Elder Days ( even by high Elf lords ) , and Bombadil names himself `` Eldest '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey . However , there is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth.", "selected_sentences": [ "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey .", "However , there is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth ; he tells Frodo , Sam , Merry and Pippin that he was there when the Elves first came West , Elrond states that Bombadil was considered old during the Elder Days ( even by high Elf lords ) , and Bombadil names himself `` Eldest '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey. He is described as \"Master of wood , water and hill\" and mentioned as a possible keeper and protector of the One Ring. There is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth.", "selected_sentences": [ "In The Lord of the Rings , Tom Bombadil is a mysterious character who aids Frodo and his companions on their journey .", "In the book , he is described as `` Master of wood , water and hill '' , and nearly always speaks or sings in stress - timed metre : 7 - beat lines broken into groups of 4 and 3 ( old English metre as first noted in Caedmons Hymn in the story of Bede , discovered in the 19th century ) .", "He is mentioned in the chapter `` The Council of Elrond '' as a possible keeper and protector of the One Ring , as well as at the end of the story in `` Homeward Bound '' and `` The Grey Havens '' .", "However , there is a certain amount of evidence that he may be the oldest being in Middle - earth ; he tells Frodo , Sam , Merry and Pippin that he was there when the Elves first came West , Elrond states that Bombadil was considered old during the Elder Days ( even by high Elf lords ) , and Bombadil names himself `` Eldest '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Beatles", "text": "Martin 's first recording session with the Beatles took place at EMI 's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962 . Martin immediately complained to Epstein about Best 's poor drumming and suggested they use a session drummer in his place . Already contemplating Best 's dismissal , the Beatles replaced him in mid-August with Ringo Starr , who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them . A 4 September session at EMI yielded a recording of `` Love Me Do '' featuring Starr on drums , but a dissatisfied Martin hired drummer Andy White for the band 's third session a week later , which produced recordings of `` Love Me Do '' , `` Please Please Me '' and `` P.S. I Love You '' . Martin initially selected the Starr version of `` Love Me Do '' for the band 's first single , though subsequent re-pressings featured the White version , with Starr on tambourine . Released in early October , `` Love Me Do '' peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart . Their television debut came later that month with a live performance on the regional news programme People and Places . After Martin suggested rerecording `` Please Please Me '' at a faster tempo , a studio session in late November yielded that recording , of which Martin accurately predicted , `` You 've just made your first No. 1 . '' ", "sentences": [ "Martin 's first recording session with the Beatles took place at EMI 's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962 .", "Martin immediately complained to Epstein about Best 's poor drumming and suggested they use a session drummer in his place .", "Already contemplating Best 's dismissal , the Beatles replaced him in mid-August with Ringo Starr , who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them .", "A 4 September session at EMI yielded a recording of `` Love Me Do '' featuring Starr on drums , but a dissatisfied Martin hired drummer Andy White for the band 's third session a week later , which produced recordings of `` Love Me Do '' , `` Please Please Me '' and `` P.S. I Love You '' .", "Martin initially selected the Starr version of `` Love Me Do '' for the band 's first single , though subsequent re-pressings featured the White version , with Starr on tambourine .", "Released in early October , `` Love Me Do '' peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart .", "Their television debut came later that month with a live performance on the regional news programme People and Places .", "After Martin suggested rerecording `` Please Please Me '' at a faster tempo , a studio session in late November yielded that recording , of which Martin accurately predicted , `` You 've just made your first No. 1 . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Martin's first recording session with the Beatles took place at EMI 's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962. Released in early October, ``Love Me Do'' peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart.", "selected_sentences": [ "Martin 's first recording session with the Beatles took place at EMI 's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962 .", "Released in early October , `` Love Me Do '' peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Wireless security", "text": "Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using wireless networks . The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) and Wi - Fi Protected Access ( WPA ) . WEP is a notoriously weak security standard . The password it uses can often be cracked in a few minutes with a basic laptop computer and widely available software tools . WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999 , which was outdated in 2003 by WPA , or Wi - Fi Protected Access . WPA was a quick alternative to improve security over WEP . The current standard is WPA2 ; some hardware can not support WPA2 without firmware upgrade or replacement . WPA2 uses an encryption device that encrypts the network with a 256 - bit key ; the longer key length improves security over WEP . Enterprises often enforce security using a certificate - based system to authenticate the connecting device , following the standard 802.1 X . ", "sentences": [ "Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using wireless networks .", "The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) and Wi - Fi Protected Access ( WPA ) .", "WEP is a notoriously weak security standard .", "The password it uses can often be cracked in a few minutes with a basic laptop computer and widely available software tools .", "WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999 , which was outdated in 2003 by WPA , or Wi - Fi Protected Access .", "WPA was a quick alternative to improve security over WEP .", "The current standard is WPA2 ; some hardware can not support WPA2 without firmware upgrade or replacement .", "WPA2 uses an encryption device that encrypts the network with a 256 - bit key ; the longer key length improves security over WEP .", "Enterprises often enforce security using a certificate - based system to authenticate the connecting device , following the standard 802.1 X ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ), and WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999.", "selected_sentences": [ "The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) and Wi - Fi Protected Access ( WPA ) .", "WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999 , which was outdated in 2003 by WPA , or Wi - Fi Protected Access ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The old wireless security and protection standard is Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP.)", "selected_sentences": [ "The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) and Wi - Fi Protected Access ( WPA ) .", "WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999 , which was outdated in 2003 by WPA , or Wi - Fi Protected Access ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Three-Fifths Compromise", "text": "The Three - Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention . The debate was over whether , and if so , how , slaves would be counted when determining a state 's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes . The issue was important , as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years . The effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored , but fewer than if slaves and free persons had been counted equally , allowing the slaveholder interests to largely dominate the government of the United States until 1861 . The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman . ", "sentences": [ "The Three - Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention .", "The debate was over whether , and if so , how , slaves would be counted when determining a state 's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes .", "The issue was important , as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years .", "The effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored , but fewer than if slaves and free persons had been counted equally , allowing the slaveholder interests to largely dominate the government of the United States until 1861 .", "The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Three - Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Three - Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention .", "The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)", "text": "Anne Hathaway portrays the White Queen ( renamed `` Mirana of Marmoreal '' ) in Tim Burton 's 2010 adaptation alongside Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth , the Red Queen ; they are portrayed as sisters . The White Queen 's soldiers appear in white armor inspired by chess pieces while The Red Queen 's appear in armour made to resemble cards . Mirana 's delicate exterior is reinforced by her habit of holding her hands gracefully at shoulder height in almost every scene in which she appears . But her black fingernail polish and the dark circles under her eyes , as well as her nonchalance about certain potion ingredients ( `` buttered fingers '' ) , hint at a more complex character under the surface . Additionally , she is portrayed as a beautiful young woman with white blonde hair , a flawless complexion and air of elegance , grace and perfection . ", "sentences": [ "Anne Hathaway portrays the White Queen ( renamed `` Mirana of Marmoreal '' ) in Tim Burton 's 2010 adaptation alongside Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth , the Red Queen ; they are portrayed as sisters .", "The White Queen 's soldiers appear in white armor inspired by chess pieces while The Red Queen 's appear in armour made to resemble cards .", "Mirana 's delicate exterior is reinforced by her habit of holding her hands gracefully at shoulder height in almost every scene in which she appears .", "But her black fingernail polish and the dark circles under her eyes , as well as her nonchalance about certain potion ingredients ( `` buttered fingers '' ) , hint at a more complex character under the surface .", "Additionally , she is portrayed as a beautiful young woman with white blonde hair , a flawless complexion and air of elegance , grace and perfection ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Anne Hathaway portrays the White Queen alongside Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth , the Red Queen ; they are portrayed as sisters .\r\nShe is also portrayed as a beautiful young woman with white blonde hair , a flawless complexion and air of elegance , grace and perfection .", "selected_sentences": [ "Anne Hathaway portrays the White Queen ( renamed `` Mirana of Marmoreal '' ) in Tim Burton 's 2010 adaptation alongside Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth , the Red Queen ; they are portrayed as sisters .", "Additionally , she is portrayed as a beautiful young woman with white blonde hair , a flawless complexion and air of elegance , grace and perfection ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "The War Prayer", "text": "`` The War Prayer , '' a short story or prose poem by Mark Twain , is a scathing indictment of war , and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war . The structure of the work is simple : An unnamed country goes to war , and patriotic citizens attend a church service for soldiers who have been called up . The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops . Suddenly , an `` aged stranger '' appears and announces that he is God 's messenger . He explains to them that he is there to speak aloud the second part of their prayer for victory , the part which they have implicitly wished for but have not spoken aloud themselves : the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies . What follows is a grisly depiction of hardships inflicted on war - torn nations by their conquerors . The story ends with the man being ignored . ", "sentences": [ "`` The War Prayer , '' a short story or prose poem by Mark Twain , is a scathing indictment of war , and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war .", "The structure of the work is simple : An unnamed country goes to war , and patriotic citizens attend a church service for soldiers who have been called up .", "The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops .", "Suddenly , an `` aged stranger '' appears and announces that he is God 's messenger .", "He explains to them that he is there to speak aloud the second part of their prayer for victory , the part which they have implicitly wished for but have not spoken aloud themselves : the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies .", "What follows is a grisly depiction of hardships inflicted on war - torn nations by their conquerors .", "The story ends with the man being ignored ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It is a scathing indictment of war, and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war. The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops. However, they have not spoken aloud themselves: the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies. The story ends with the man being ignored.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The War Prayer , '' a short story or prose poem by Mark Twain , is a scathing indictment of war , and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war .", "The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops .", "He explains to them that he is there to speak aloud the second part of their prayer for victory , the part which they have implicitly wished for but have not spoken aloud themselves : the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies .", "The story ends with the man being ignored ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "\"The War Prayer\" is a scathing indictment of war, and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war. The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops. God's messenger appears and explains to them that he is there to speak aloud the second part of their prayer for victory, the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies. The story ends with the man being ignored.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The War Prayer , '' a short story or prose poem by Mark Twain , is a scathing indictment of war , and particularly of blind patriotic and religious fervor as motivations for war .", "The people call upon their God to grant them victory and protect their troops .", "Suddenly , an `` aged stranger '' appears and announces that he is God 's messenger .", "He explains to them that he is there to speak aloud the second part of their prayer for victory , the part which they have implicitly wished for but have not spoken aloud themselves : the prayer for the suffering and destruction of their enemies .", "The story ends with the man being ignored ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption", "text": "In recovery , oxygen ( EPOC ) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed . These include : hormone balancing , replenishment of fuel stores , cellular repair , innervation and anabolism . Post-exercise oxygen consumption replenishes the phosphagen system . New ATP is synthesized and some of this ATP donates phosphate groups to creatine until ATP and creatine levels are back to resting state levels again . Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body 's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise . ", "sentences": [ "In recovery , oxygen ( EPOC ) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed .", "These include : hormone balancing , replenishment of fuel stores , cellular repair , innervation and anabolism .", "Post-exercise oxygen consumption replenishes the phosphagen system .", "New ATP is synthesized and some of this ATP donates phosphate groups to creatine until ATP and creatine levels are back to resting state levels again .", "Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body 's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In recovery , oxygen ( EPOC ) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed . Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body 's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise .", "selected_sentences": [ "In recovery , oxygen ( EPOC ) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed .", "Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body 's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In recovery, oxygen (EPOC) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed . It is also used for fueling the body's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise.", "selected_sentences": [ "In recovery , oxygen ( EPOC ) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed .", "Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body 's increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Catholic Church", "text": "During the 11th century , the East -- West schism permanently divided Christianity . It arose over a dispute on whether Constantinople or Rome held jurisdiction over the church in Sicily and led to mutual excommunications in 1054 . The Western ( Latin ) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church , while the Eastern ( Greek ) branch became known as the Orthodox Church . The Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ) and the Council of Florence ( 1439 ) both failed to heal the schism . Some Eastern churches have since reunited with the Catholic Church , and others claim never to have been out of communion with the pope . Officially , the two churches remain in schism , although excommunications were mutually lifted in 1965 . ", "sentences": [ "During the 11th century , the East -- West schism permanently divided Christianity .", "It arose over a dispute on whether Constantinople or Rome held jurisdiction over the church in Sicily and led to mutual excommunications in 1054 .", "The Western ( Latin ) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church , while the Eastern ( Greek ) branch became known as the Orthodox Church .", "The Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ) and the Council of Florence ( 1439 ) both failed to heal the schism .", "Some Eastern churches have since reunited with the Catholic Church , and others claim never to have been out of communion with the pope .", "Officially , the two churches remain in schism , although excommunications were mutually lifted in 1965 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "During the 11th century, the East -- West schism permanently divided Christianity. The Western (Latin) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church, while the Eastern (Greek) branch became known as the Orthodox Church.", "selected_sentences": [ "During the 11th century , the East -- West schism permanently divided Christianity .", "The Western ( Latin ) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church , while the Eastern ( Greek ) branch became known as the Orthodox Church ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Edge of Darkness (2010 film)", "text": "In 2002 , Martin Campbell announced that he was planning to adapt Edge of Darkness for the cinema . Active development began in early 2007 when Campbell met with producer Graham King , who first enlisted Australian playwright Andrew Bovell to write , and then William Monahan ( fresh from winning an Academy Award for King 's The Departed ) to re-write the screenplay . Michael Wearing and BBC Films also co-produced the film . Filming began on 18 August 2008 in Boston , Massachusetts . A scene where Craven scatters his daughter 's ashes at a beach was filmed at Rockport on 25 and 26 September . They shot some scenes in Merrimac , Massachusetts from 15 September 2008 to 18 September 2008 . Additional scenes were shot in Malden , Massachusetts in the old Malden hospital . Some of the final scenes were shot at a home in Manchester - by - the - Sea , Massachusetts . Additionally , Gibson and his crew set up shop for filming in western Massachusetts , with 180 staff staying in Northampton hotels . They shot in various locations in the Pioneer Valley , including Tully O'Reilly's Pub , the Northampton Athletic Club , and an older part of the Hampshire County Courthouse , all in Northampton . Also , Sugarloaf Mountain was shut down for a few days while they rented it out . They also filmed at the Notch Visitor Center , Rt. 116 , Amherst . The film takes place in America , unlike the television series , which was based in England . `` The idea was to transfer the story to a different time and place rather than just repeat what we did in England , '' Campbell said . `` Boston seemed like the perfect location because it does have a whole English , Irish signature on it . '' Jack Bennett disembarks from a helicopter in one scene . The FAA registration number , N401LH , is visible on the fuselage . This helicopter later collided with a Piper PA - 32 on 8 August 2009 , over the Hudson River , resulting in nine deaths . The helicopter was owned by Liberty Helicopters , which offers sight - seeing tours around Manhattan . The film was originally scored by classical composer John Corigliano . However , the decision was made during postproduction ( after Corigliano 's score had been recorded and dubbed ) to replace his score with a new one by Howard Shore . ", "sentences": [ "In 2002 , Martin Campbell announced that he was planning to adapt Edge of Darkness for the cinema .", "Active development began in early 2007 when Campbell met with producer Graham King , who first enlisted Australian playwright Andrew Bovell to write , and then William Monahan ( fresh from winning an Academy Award for King 's The Departed ) to re-write the screenplay .", "Michael Wearing and BBC Films also co-produced the film .", "Filming began on 18 August 2008 in Boston , Massachusetts .", "A scene where Craven scatters his daughter 's ashes at a beach was filmed at Rockport on 25 and 26 September .", "They shot some scenes in Merrimac , Massachusetts from 15 September 2008 to 18 September 2008 .", "Additional scenes were shot in Malden , Massachusetts in the old Malden hospital .", "Some of the final scenes were shot at a home in Manchester - by - the - Sea , Massachusetts .", "Additionally , Gibson and his crew set up shop for filming in western Massachusetts , with 180 staff staying in Northampton hotels .", "They shot in various locations in the Pioneer Valley , including Tully O'Reilly's Pub , the Northampton Athletic Club , and an older part of the Hampshire County Courthouse , all in Northampton .", "Also , Sugarloaf Mountain was shut down for a few days while they rented it out .", "They also filmed at the Notch Visitor Center , Rt. 116 , Amherst .", "The film takes place in America , unlike the television series , which was based in England .", "`` The idea was to transfer the story to a different time and place rather than just repeat what we did in England , '' Campbell said .", "`` Boston seemed like the perfect location because it does have a whole English , Irish signature on it . ''", "Jack Bennett disembarks from a helicopter in one scene .", "The FAA registration number , N401LH , is visible on the fuselage .", "This helicopter later collided with a Piper PA - 32 on 8 August 2009 , over the Hudson River , resulting in nine deaths .", "The helicopter was owned by Liberty Helicopters , which offers sight - seeing tours around Manhattan .", "The film was originally scored by classical composer John Corigliano .", "However , the decision was made during postproduction ( after Corigliano 's score had been recorded and dubbed ) to replace his score with a new one by Howard Shore ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Edge of Darkness was filmed in Boston , Massachusetts, at Rockport, in Merrimac , Massachusetts, in Manchester - by - the - Sea , Massachusetts, in western Massachusetts, in various locations in the Pioneer Valley (including Tully O'Reilly's Pub , the Northampton Athletic Club , and an older part of the Hampshire County Courthouse , all in Northampton), and at the Notch Visitor Center , Rt. 116 , Amherst.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming began on 18 August 2008 in Boston , Massachusetts .", "A scene where Craven scatters his daughter 's ashes at a beach was filmed at Rockport on 25 and 26 September .", "They shot some scenes in Merrimac , Massachusetts from 15 September 2008 to 18 September 2008 .", "Additional scenes were shot in Malden , Massachusetts in the old Malden hospital .", "Some of the final scenes were shot at a home in Manchester - by - the - Sea , Massachusetts .", "Additionally , Gibson and his crew set up shop for filming in western Massachusetts , with 180 staff staying in Northampton hotels .", "They shot in various locations in the Pioneer Valley , including Tully O'Reilly's Pub , the Northampton Athletic Club , and an older part of the Hampshire County Courthouse , all in Northampton .", "They also filmed at the Notch Visitor Center , Rt. 116 , Amherst .", "The film takes place in America , unlike the television series , which was based in England ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Edge of Darkness was filmed around Massachusetts in Boston, Rockport, Merrimac and Manchester by the Sea. Then in western Massachusetts in Northampton, various locations in Pioneer Valley, at Sugarloaf Mountain and at the Notch Visitor Center in Amherst.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming began on 18 August 2008 in Boston , Massachusetts .", "A scene where Craven scatters his daughter 's ashes at a beach was filmed at Rockport on 25 and 26 September .", "They shot some scenes in Merrimac , Massachusetts from 15 September 2008 to 18 September 2008 .", "Additional scenes were shot in Malden , Massachusetts in the old Malden hospital .", "Some of the final scenes were shot at a home in Manchester - by - the - Sea , Massachusetts .", "Additionally , Gibson and his crew set up shop for filming in western Massachusetts , with 180 staff staying in Northampton hotels .", "They shot in various locations in the Pioneer Valley , including Tully O'Reilly's Pub , the Northampton Athletic Club , and an older part of the Hampshire County Courthouse , all in Northampton .", "Also , Sugarloaf Mountain was shut down for a few days while they rented it out .", "They also filmed at the Notch Visitor Center , Rt. 116 , Amherst .", "The film takes place in America , unlike the television series , which was based in England ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Supersaturation", "text": "Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution . One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility . As a general rule , the more heat is added to a system , the more soluble a substance becomes . ( There are exceptions where the opposite is true ) . Therefore , at high temperatures , more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature . If this solution were to be suddenly cooled at a rate faster than the rate of precipitation , the solution will become supersaturated until the solute precipitates to the temperature - determined saturation point . The precipitation or crystallization of the solute takes longer than the actual cooling time because the molecules need to meet up and form the precipitate without being knocked apart by water . Thus , the larger the molecule , the longer it will take to crystallize due to the principles of Brownian motion . ", "sentences": [ "Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution .", "One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility .", "As a general rule , the more heat is added to a system , the more soluble a substance becomes .", "( There are exceptions where the opposite is true ) .", "Therefore , at high temperatures , more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature .", "If this solution were to be suddenly cooled at a rate faster than the rate of precipitation , the solution will become supersaturated until the solute precipitates to the temperature - determined saturation point .", "The precipitation or crystallization of the solute takes longer than the actual cooling time because the molecules need to meet up and form the precipitate without being knocked apart by water .", "Thus , the larger the molecule , the longer it will take to crystallize due to the principles of Brownian motion ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "As a general rule, the more heat is added to a system, the more soluble a substance becomes. Therefore, at high temperatures, more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature.", "selected_sentences": [ "As a general rule , the more heat is added to a system , the more soluble a substance becomes .", "Therefore , at high temperatures , more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution, and one of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility; the more heat is added to a system, the more soluble a substance becomes. Therefore, at high temperatures, more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature.", "selected_sentences": [ "Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution .", "One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility .", "As a general rule , the more heat is added to a system , the more soluble a substance becomes .", "Therefore , at high temperatures , more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jordan (name)", "text": "The name Jordan can refer to several things . As a name , it comes from the Hebrew ירדן ‬ ( Yarden ) , meaning `` one who descends '' or `` to flow down '' . In Arabic it is Urdunn , in Italian Giordano , in Spanish Jordán , in Portuguese Jordão , in Dutch Jordaan , in French Jourdain , in Irish Iordáin , in Romanian , Iordan , in Serbian , Srđan , and in Catalan Jordà . Jordan can be either a given name or a surname . As a given name , the English form is unisex , but other languages have feminine forms ( in Italian Giordana , in Spanish and Portuguese Jordana , in French Jourdaine , etc . ) . ", "sentences": [ "The name Jordan can refer to several things .", "As a name , it comes from the Hebrew ירדן ‬ ( Yarden ) , meaning `` one who descends '' or `` to flow down '' .", "In Arabic it is Urdunn , in Italian Giordano , in Spanish Jordán , in Portuguese Jordão , in Dutch Jordaan , in French Jourdain , in Irish Iordáin , in Romanian , Iordan , in Serbian , Srđan , and in Catalan Jordà .", "Jordan can be either a given name or a surname .", "As a given name , the English form is unisex , but other languages have feminine forms ( in Italian Giordana , in Spanish and Portuguese Jordana , in French Jourdaine , etc . ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jordan can be either a given name or a surname. As a name, it comes from the Hebrew ירדן ‬ ( Yarden ), meaning ``one who descends'' or ``to flow down''.", "selected_sentences": [ "As a name , it comes from the Hebrew ירדן ‬ ( Yarden ) , meaning `` one who descends '' or `` to flow down '' .", "Jordan can be either a given name or a surname ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria", "text": "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir presumptive to the Austro - Hungarian throne , and his wife Sophie , Duchess of Hohenberg , occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip . Princip was one of a group of six assassins ( five Serbs and one Bosniak ) coordinated by Danilo Ilić , a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society . The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria - Hungary 's South Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia . The assassins ' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia . The assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria - Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , which was partially rejected . Austria - Hungary then declared war , triggering actions leading to war between most European states . ", "sentences": [ "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir presumptive to the Austro - Hungarian throne , and his wife Sophie , Duchess of Hohenberg , occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip .", "Princip was one of a group of six assassins ( five Serbs and one Bosniak ) coordinated by Danilo Ilić , a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society .", "The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria - Hungary 's South Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia .", "The assassins ' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia .", "The assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria - Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , which was partially rejected .", "Austria - Hungary then declared war , triggering actions leading to war between most European states ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir presumptive to the Austro - Hungarian throne , and his wife Sophie , Duchess of Hohenberg , occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo.\r\nThe assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria - Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , which was partially rejected.", "selected_sentences": [ "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir presumptive to the Austro - Hungarian throne , and his wife Sophie , Duchess of Hohenberg , occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip .", "The assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria - Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , which was partially rejected ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "text": "In keeping with the franchise 's penchant for filming in `` exotic '' locations , such as Dubai and Rio de Janeiro , in January 2016 it was announced that Universal was seeking approval from the United States and Cuban governments to shoot part of the film in Cuba . Principal photography began on March 14 , 2016 , in Mývatn , Iceland , where strong winds sent a plastic iceberg prop flying into a paddock . The prop struck two horses : one was wounded and the other mortally injured ; it was later euthanized . In late April , filming began in Cuba 's capital city , Havana . In May , filming also took place in Cleveland , Ohio . Franchise cinematographer Stephen F. Windon returned for the eighth installment . Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City . ", "sentences": [ "In keeping with the franchise 's penchant for filming in `` exotic '' locations , such as Dubai and Rio de Janeiro , in January 2016 it was announced that Universal was seeking approval from the United States and Cuban governments to shoot part of the film in Cuba .", "Principal photography began on March 14 , 2016 , in Mývatn , Iceland , where strong winds sent a plastic iceberg prop flying into a paddock .", "The prop struck two horses : one was wounded and the other mortally injured ; it was later euthanized .", "In late April , filming began in Cuba 's capital city , Havana .", "In May , filming also took place in Cleveland , Ohio .", "Franchise cinematographer Stephen F. Windon returned for the eighth installment .", "Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Photography began in Mývatn , Iceland; continued in Havana, Cuba; Cleveland, Ohio; Atlanta, Georgia; and New York City, NY.", "selected_sentences": [ "Principal photography began on March 14 , 2016 , in Mývatn , Iceland , where strong winds sent a plastic iceberg prop flying into a paddock .", "In late April , filming began in Cuba 's capital city , Havana .", "In May , filming also took place in Cleveland , Ohio .", "Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "God bless you", "text": "The practice of blessing someone who sneezes dates as far back as at least AD 77 , although it is far older than most specific explanations can account for . Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person 's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed , that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits , or that sneezing was the body 's effort to force out an invading evil presence . In these cases , `` God bless you '' or `` bless you '' is used as a sort of shield against evil . The Irish Folk story `` Master and Man '' by Thomas Crofton Croker , collected by William Butler Yeats , describes this variation . Moreover , in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze , and that the phrase `` God bless you '' encourages the heart to continue beating . ", "sentences": [ "The practice of blessing someone who sneezes dates as far back as at least AD 77 , although it is far older than most specific explanations can account for .", "Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person 's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed , that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits , or that sneezing was the body 's effort to force out an invading evil presence .", "In these cases , `` God bless you '' or `` bless you '' is used as a sort of shield against evil .", "The Irish Folk story `` Master and Man '' by Thomas Crofton Croker , collected by William Butler Yeats , describes this variation .", "Moreover , in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze , and that the phrase `` God bless you '' encourages the heart to continue beating ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The practice of blessing someone who sneezes dates as far back as at least AD 77, although it is far older than most specific explanations can account for. Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed, that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits, or that sneezing was the body's effort to force out an invading evil presence. Moreover, in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze, and that the phrase ``God bless you'' encourages the heart to continue beating.", "selected_sentences": [ "The practice of blessing someone who sneezes dates as far back as at least AD 77 , although it is far older than most specific explanations can account for .", "Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person 's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed , that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits , or that sneezing was the body 's effort to force out an invading evil presence .", "Moreover , in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze , and that the phrase `` God bless you '' encourages the heart to continue beating ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Sleepy Hollow (film)", "text": "Rudin believed England offered the level of craftsmanship in period detail , painting and costuming that was suitable for the film 's design . Having directed Batman entirely in Britain , Burton agreed , and designers from Batman 's art department were employed by Paramount for Sleepy Hollow . As a result , principal photography was pushed back to November 20 , 1998 at Leavesden Film Studios , which had been recently vacated by Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace . The majority of filming took place at Leavesden , with studio other work at Shepperton Studios , where the massive Tree of the Dead set was built using Stage H. Production then moved to the Hambleden estate at Lime Tree Valley for a month - long shoot in March , where the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed . `` We came to England figuring we would find a perfect little town , '' producer Adam Schroeder recalled , `` and then we had to build it anyway . '' Filming in Britain continued through April , and a few last minute scenes were shot using a sound stage in Yonkers , New York the following May . ", "sentences": [ "Rudin believed England offered the level of craftsmanship in period detail , painting and costuming that was suitable for the film 's design .", "Having directed Batman entirely in Britain , Burton agreed , and designers from Batman 's art department were employed by Paramount for Sleepy Hollow .", "As a result , principal photography was pushed back to November 20 , 1998 at Leavesden Film Studios , which had been recently vacated by Star Wars : Episode I --", "The Phantom Menace .", "The majority of filming took place at Leavesden , with studio other work at Shepperton Studios , where the massive Tree of the Dead set was built using Stage H. Production then moved to the Hambleden estate at Lime Tree Valley for a month - long shoot in March , where the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed .", "`` We came to England figuring we would find a perfect little town , '' producer Adam Schroeder recalled , `` and then we had to build it anyway . ''", "Filming in Britain continued through April , and a few last minute scenes were shot using a sound stage in Yonkers , New York the following May ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Sleepy Hollow was filmed at Leavesden , with studio other work at Shepperton Studio, and then the filming moved to the Hambleden estate at Lime Tree Valley. It was filmed in Britain until April and filmed in Yonkers, New York the following May.", "selected_sentences": [ "The majority of filming took place at Leavesden , with studio other work at Shepperton Studios , where the massive Tree of the Dead set was built using Stage H. Production then moved to the Hambleden estate at Lime Tree Valley for a month - long shoot in March , where the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed .", "Filming in Britain continued through April , and a few last minute scenes were shot using a sound stage in Yonkers , New York the following May ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Queen consort", "text": "A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king ( or an empress consort in the case of an emperor ) . In Brunei , the wife of the Sultan is known as a Raja Isteri with prefix Pengiran Anak , equivalent with queen consort in English , as were the consorts of tsars when Bulgaria was still a monarchy . A queen consort usually shares her husband 's social rank and status . She holds the feminine equivalent of the king 's monarchical titles , but historically , she does not share the king 's political and military powers . A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch , who ( usually ) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch . ", "sentences": [ "A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king ( or an empress consort in the case of an emperor ) .", "In Brunei , the wife of the Sultan is known as a Raja Isteri with prefix Pengiran Anak , equivalent with queen consort in English , as were the consorts of tsars when Bulgaria was still a monarchy .", "A queen consort usually shares her husband 's social rank and status .", "She holds the feminine equivalent of the king 's monarchical titles , but historically , she does not share the king 's political and military powers .", "A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch , who ( usually ) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles, but historically, she does not share the king's political and military powers. A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch, who (usually) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.", "selected_sentences": [ "A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king ( or an empress consort in the case of an emperor ) .", "She holds the feminine equivalent of the king 's monarchical titles , but historically , she does not share the king 's political and military powers .", "A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch , who ( usually ) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Japan–Netherlands relations", "text": "When formal trade relations were established in 1609 by requests from Englishman William Adams , the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights and set up a Dutch East India Company trading outpost at Hirado. They traded exotic Asian goods such as spices , textiles , porcelain , and silk . When the Shimabara uprising of 1637 happened , in which Christian Japanese started a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate , it was crushed with the help of the Dutch . As a result , all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled , leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the West . Among the expelled nations was Portugal who had a trading post in Nagasaki harbor on an artificial island called Dejima . In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan , the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima . ", "sentences": [ "When formal trade relations were established in 1609 by requests from Englishman William Adams , the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights and set up a Dutch East India Company trading outpost at Hirado.", "They traded exotic Asian goods such as spices , textiles , porcelain , and silk .", "When the Shimabara uprising of 1637 happened , in which Christian Japanese started a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate , it was crushed with the help of the Dutch .", "As a result , all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled , leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the West .", "Among the expelled nations was Portugal who had a trading post in Nagasaki harbor on an artificial island called Dejima .", "In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan , the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When formal trade relations were established in 1609 by requests from Englishman William Adams, the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights and set up a Dutch East India Company trading outpost at Hirado. When the Shimabara uprising of 1637 happened, in which Christian Japanese started a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate, it was crushed with the help of the Dutch. As a result, all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled, leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the West. In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan, the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima.", "selected_sentences": [ "When formal trade relations were established in 1609 by requests from Englishman William Adams , the Dutch were granted extensive trading rights and set up a Dutch East India Company trading outpost at Hirado.", "When the Shimabara uprising of 1637 happened , in which Christian Japanese started a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate , it was crushed with the help of the Dutch .", "As a result , all Christian nations who gave aid to the rebels were expelled , leaving the Dutch the only commercial partner from the West .", "In a move of the shogunate to take the Dutch trade away from the Hirado clan , the entire Dutch trading post was moved to Dejima ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Enoch (ancestor of Noah)", "text": "Enoch appears in the Book of Genesis of the Pentateuch as the seventh of the ten pre-Deluge Patriarchs . Genesis recounts that each of the pre-Flood Patriarchs lived for several centuries . Genesis 5 provides a genealogy of these ten figures ( from Adam to Noah ) , providing the age at which each fathered the next , and the age of each figure at death . Enoch is considered by many to be the exception , who is said to `` not see death '' . ( Hebrews 11 : 5 ) Furthermore , Genesis 5 : 22 -- 29 states that Enoch lived 365 years which is extremely short in the context of his peers , who are all recorded as dying at over 700 years of age . The brief account of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with the cryptic note that `` he ( was ) not ; for God took him '' . ", "sentences": [ "Enoch appears in the Book of Genesis of the Pentateuch as the seventh of the ten pre-Deluge Patriarchs .", "Genesis recounts that each of the pre-Flood Patriarchs lived for several centuries .", "Genesis 5 provides a genealogy of these ten figures ( from Adam to Noah ) , providing the age at which each fathered the next , and the age of each figure at death .", "Enoch is considered by many to be the exception , who is said to `` not see death '' .", "( Hebrews 11 : 5 )", "Furthermore , Genesis 5 : 22 -- 29 states that Enoch lived 365 years which is extremely short in the context of his peers , who are all recorded as dying at over 700 years of age .", "The brief account of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with the cryptic note that `` he ( was ) not ; for God took him '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Enoch appears in the Book of Genesis of the Pentateuch as the seventh of the ten pre-Deluge Patriarchs. Genesis recounts that each of the pre-Flood Patriarchs lived for several centuries. Enoch is considered by many to be the exception, who is said to ``not see death''. Genesis 5 : 22 -- 29 states that Enoch lived 365 years which is extremely short in the context of his peers, who are all recorded as dying at over 700 years of age. The brief account of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with the cryptic note that ``he (was) not; for God took him''.", "selected_sentences": [ "Enoch appears in the Book of Genesis of the Pentateuch as the seventh of the ten pre-Deluge Patriarchs .", "Genesis recounts that each of the pre-Flood Patriarchs lived for several centuries .", "Enoch is considered by many to be the exception , who is said to `` not see death '' .", "Furthermore , Genesis 5 : 22 -- 29 states that Enoch lived 365 years which is extremely short in the context of his peers , who are all recorded as dying at over 700 years of age .", "The brief account of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with the cryptic note that `` he ( was ) not ; for God took him '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Neon lighting", "text": "Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases . Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas - discharge light . A neon tube is a sealed glass tube with a metal electrode at each end , filled with one of a number of gases at low pressure . A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube , causing it to emit colored light . The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube . Neon lights were named for neon , a noble gas which gives off a popular orange light , but other gases and chemicals are used to produce other colors , such as hydrogen ( red ) , helium ( yellow ) , carbon dioxide ( white ) , and mercury ( blue ) . Neon tubes can be fabricated in curving artistic shapes , to form letters or pictures . They are mainly used to make dramatic , multicolored glowing signage for advertising , called neon signs , which were popular from the 1920s to the 1950s . ", "sentences": [ "Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases .", "Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas - discharge light .", "A neon tube is a sealed glass tube with a metal electrode at each end , filled with one of a number of gases at low pressure .", "A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube , causing it to emit colored light .", "The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube .", "Neon lights were named for neon , a noble gas which gives off a popular orange light , but other gases and chemicals are used to produce other colors , such as hydrogen ( red ) , helium ( yellow ) , carbon dioxide ( white ) , and mercury ( blue ) .", "Neon tubes can be fabricated in curving artistic shapes , to form letters or pictures .", "They are mainly used to make dramatic , multicolored glowing signage for advertising , called neon signs , which were popular from the 1920s to the 1950s ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing, electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases. A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube, causing it to emit light.", "selected_sentences": [ "Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases .", "A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube , causing it to emit colored light .", "The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube, causing it to emit colored light.", "selected_sentences": [ "Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases .", "A high potential of several thousand volts applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas in the tube , causing it to emit colored light .", "The color of the light depends on the gas in the tube ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Atmosphere of Venus", "text": "All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection . Hot air rises in the equatorial zone , where solar heating is concentrated , and flows to the poles . Such an almost - planetwide overturning of the troposphere is called Hadley circulation . However , the meridional air motions are much slower than zonal winds . The poleward limit of the planet wide Hadley cell on Venus is near ± 60 ° latitudes . Here air starts to descend and returns to the equator below the clouds . This interpretation is supported by the distribution of the carbon monoxide , which is also concentrated in the vicinity of ± 60 ° latitudes . Poleward of the Hadley cell a different pattern of circulation is observed . In the latitude range 60 ° -- 70 ° cold polar collars exist . They are characterised by temperatures about 30 -- 40 K lower than in the upper troposphere at nearby latitudes . The lower temperature is probably caused by the upwelling of the air in them and by the resulting adiabatic cooling . Such an interpretation is supported by the denser and higher clouds in the collars . The clouds lie at 70 -- 72 km altitude in the collars -- about 5 km higher than at the poles and low latitudes . A connection may exist between the cold collars and high speed midlatitude jets in which winds blow as fast as 140 m / s . Such jets are a natural consequence of the Hadley -- type circulation and should exist on Venus between 55 -- 60 ° latitude . ", "sentences": [ "All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection .", "Hot air rises in the equatorial zone , where solar heating is concentrated , and flows to the poles .", "Such an almost - planetwide overturning of the troposphere is called Hadley circulation .", "However , the meridional air motions are much slower than zonal winds .", "The poleward limit of the planet wide Hadley cell on Venus is near ± 60 ° latitudes .", "Here air starts to descend and returns to the equator below the clouds .", "This interpretation is supported by the distribution of the carbon monoxide , which is also concentrated in the vicinity of ± 60 ° latitudes .", "Poleward of the Hadley cell a different pattern of circulation is observed .", "In the latitude range 60 ° -- 70 ° cold polar collars exist .", "They are characterised by temperatures about 30 -- 40 K lower than in the upper troposphere at nearby latitudes .", "The lower temperature is probably caused by the upwelling of the air in them and by the resulting adiabatic cooling .", "Such an interpretation is supported by the denser and higher clouds in the collars .", "The clouds lie at 70 -- 72 km altitude in the collars -- about 5 km higher than at the poles and low latitudes .", "A connection may exist between the cold collars and high speed midlatitude jets in which winds blow as fast as 140 m / s .", "Such jets are a natural consequence of the Hadley -- type circulation and should exist on Venus between 55 -- 60 ° latitude ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection. Hot air rises in the equatorial zone, where solar heating is concentrated, and flows to the poles. Such an almost - planetwide overturning of the troposphere is called Hadley circulation. Poleward of the Hadley cell a different pattern of circulation is observed. In the latitude range 60 ° -- 70 ° cold polar collars exist. The clouds lie at 70 -- 72 km altitude in the collars -- about 5 km higher than at the poles and low latitudes. A connection may exist between the cold collars and high speed midlatitude jets in which winds blow as fast as 140 m / s.", "selected_sentences": [ "All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection .", "Hot air rises in the equatorial zone , where solar heating is concentrated , and flows to the poles .", "Such an almost - planetwide overturning of the troposphere is called Hadley circulation .", "Poleward of the Hadley cell a different pattern of circulation is observed .", "In the latitude range 60 ° -- 70 ° cold polar collars exist .", "The clouds lie at 70 -- 72 km altitude in the collars -- about 5 km higher than at the poles and low latitudes .", "A connection may exist between the cold collars and high speed midlatitude jets in which winds blow as fast as 140 m / s ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Senate of the Roman Republic", "text": "The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic . It was not an elected body , but one whose members were appointed by the consuls , and later by the censors . After a Roman magistrate served his term in office , it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the Senate . According to the Greek historian Polybius , our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic , the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government . Polybius noted that it was the consuls ( the highest - ranking of the regular magistrates ) who led the armies and the civil government in Rome , and it was the Roman assemblies which had the ultimate authority over elections , legislation , and criminal trials . However , since the Senate controlled money , administration , and the details of foreign policy , it had the most control over day - to - day life . The power and authority of the Senate derived from precedent , the high caliber and prestige of the senators , and the Senate 's unbroken lineage , which dated back to the founding of the Republic in 509 BC . ", "sentences": [ "The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic .", "It was not an elected body , but one whose members were appointed by the consuls , and later by the censors .", "After a Roman magistrate served his term in office , it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the Senate .", "According to the Greek historian Polybius , our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic , the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government .", "Polybius noted that it was the consuls ( the highest - ranking of the regular magistrates ) who led the armies and the civil government in Rome , and it was the Roman assemblies which had the ultimate authority over elections , legislation , and criminal trials .", "However , since the Senate controlled money , administration , and the details of foreign policy , it had the most control over day - to - day life .", "The power and authority of the Senate derived from precedent , the high caliber and prestige of the senators , and the Senate 's unbroken lineage , which dated back to the founding of the Republic in 509 BC ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. According to the Greek historian Polybius, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government, led the armies and the civil government in Rome, and it was the Roman assemblies which had the ultimate authority over elections, legislation, and criminal trials. It also controlled money, administration, and the details of foreign policy.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic .", "It was not an elected body , but one whose members were appointed by the consuls , and later by the censors .", "According to the Greek historian Polybius , our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic , the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government .", "Polybius noted that it was the consuls ( the highest - ranking of the regular magistrates ) who led the armies and the civil government in Rome , and it was the Roman assemblies which had the ultimate authority over elections , legislation , and criminal trials .", "However , since the Senate controlled money , administration , and the details of foreign policy , it had the most control over day - to - day life ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Brisket", "text": "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal . The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts , though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally . The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals . As cattle do not have collar bones , these muscles support about 60 % of the body weight of standing / moving cattle . This requires a significant amount of connective tissue , so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue . ", "sentences": [ "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal .", "The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts , though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally .", "The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals .", "As cattle do not have collar bones , these muscles support about 60 % of the body weight of standing / moving cattle .", "This requires a significant amount of connective tissue , so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals.", "selected_sentences": [ "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal .", "The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal .", "selected_sentences": [ "Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword", "text": "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 . Later on March 10 , 2015 , Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting . In April 2015 , filming took place in Snowdonia , where locations used were Tryfan , Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig . Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands . One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye . Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios , Leavesden . ", "sentences": [ "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 .", "Later on March 10 , 2015 , Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting .", "In April 2015 , filming took place in Snowdonia , where locations used were Tryfan , Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig .", "Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands .", "One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye .", "Filming also took place at Warner Bros.", "Studios , Leavesden ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword was filmed in Windsor Great Park, North Wales, Snowdonia, Shieldaig, Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands. One day of filming took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye. Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 .", "In April 2015 , filming took place in Snowdonia , where locations used were Tryfan , Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig .", "Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands .", "One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye .", "Filming also took place at Warner Bros.", "Studios , Leavesden ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jury trial", "text": "Some jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial , thus leading to a bench trial . Jury trials tend to occur only when a crime is considered serious . In some jurisdictions , such as France and Brazil , jury trials are reserved , and compulsory , for the most severe crimes and are not available for civil cases . In Brazil , for example , trials by jury are applied in cases of voluntary crimes against life , such as first and second degree murder , forced abortion and instigation of suicide , even if only attempted . In others , such as the United Kingdom , jury trials are only available for criminal cases and very specific civil cases ( defamation , malicious prosecution , civil fraud and false imprisonment ) . In the United States , jury trials are available in both civil and criminal cases . In Canada , an individual charged with an indictable offence may elect to be tried by a judge alone in a provincial court , by judge alone in a superior court , or by judge and jury in a superior court ; summary offences can not be tried by jury . ", "sentences": [ "Some jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial , thus leading to a bench trial .", "Jury trials tend to occur only when a crime is considered serious .", "In some jurisdictions , such as France and Brazil , jury trials are reserved , and compulsory , for the most severe crimes and are not available for civil cases .", "In Brazil , for example , trials by jury are applied in cases of voluntary crimes against life , such as first and second degree murder , forced abortion and instigation of suicide , even if only attempted .", "In others , such as the United Kingdom , jury trials are only available for criminal cases and very specific civil cases ( defamation , malicious prosecution , civil fraud and false imprisonment ) .", "In the United States , jury trials are available in both civil and criminal cases .", "In Canada , an individual charged with an indictable offence may elect to be tried by a judge alone in a provincial court , by judge alone in a superior court , or by judge and jury in a superior court ; summary offences can not be tried by jury ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Some jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial , thus leading to a bench trial .\r\nIn Canada , an individual charged with an indictable offence may elect to be tried by a judge alone in a provincial court, or by judge alone in a superior court.", "selected_sentences": [ "Some jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial , thus leading to a bench trial .", "In Canada , an individual charged with an indictable offence may elect to be tried by a judge alone in a provincial court , by judge alone in a superior court , or by judge and jury in a superior court ; summary offences can not be tried by jury ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Diet Coke and Mentos eruption", "text": "The conversion of dissolved carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide forms rapidly expanding gas bubbles in the soda , which pushes the beverage contents out of the container . Gasses , in general , are more soluble in liquids at elevated pressures . Carbonated sodas contain elevated levels of carbon dioxide under pressure . The solution becomes supersaturated with carbon dioxide when the bottle is opened , and the pressure is released . Under these conditions , carbon dioxide begins to precipitate from solution , forming gas bubbles . Normally , this process is relatively slow , because the activation energy for this process is high . The activation energy for a process like bubble nucleation depends on where the bubble forms . It is highest for bubbles that form in the liquid itself ( homogeneous nucleation ) , and lower if the bubble forms on some other surface ( heterogeneous nucleation ) . When the pressure is released from a soda bottle , the bubbles tend to form on the sides of the bottle . But because they are smooth and clean , the activation energy is still relatively high , and the process is slow . The addition of other nucleation sites provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur with lower activation energy , much like a catalyst . For instance dropping grains of salt or sand into the solution lowers the activation energy , and increases the rate of carbon dioxide precipitation . The physical characteristics of Mentos ( surface roughness , easy dissolution into the liquid , etc . ) have the effect of drastically reducing the activation energy for carbon dioxide bubble formation , so that the nucleation rate becomes exceedingly high . The activation energy for the release of carbon dioxide from Diet Coke by addition of Mentos has been found to be 25 kJ mol . This formation of gaseous carbon dioxide within the water , which due to hydrogen bonding and its high surface tension wants to maintain a connected matrix of molecules , causes the water to foam , ultimately generating the `` jet '' -- or `` geyser '' -- or eruption - like nature of the effusion . The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke , and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy , all which influence the nature of water 's surface tension and degree to which it can foam . ", "sentences": [ "The conversion of dissolved carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide forms rapidly expanding gas bubbles in the soda , which pushes the beverage contents out of the container .", "Gasses , in general , are more soluble in liquids at elevated pressures .", "Carbonated sodas contain elevated levels of carbon dioxide under pressure .", "The solution becomes supersaturated with carbon dioxide when the bottle is opened , and the pressure is released .", "Under these conditions , carbon dioxide begins to precipitate from solution , forming gas bubbles .", "Normally , this process is relatively slow , because the activation energy for this process is high .", "The activation energy for a process like bubble nucleation depends on where the bubble forms .", "It is highest for bubbles that form in the liquid itself ( homogeneous nucleation ) , and lower if the bubble forms on some other surface ( heterogeneous nucleation ) .", "When the pressure is released from a soda bottle , the bubbles tend to form on the sides of the bottle .", "But because they are smooth and clean , the activation energy is still relatively high , and the process is slow .", "The addition of other nucleation sites provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur with lower activation energy , much like a catalyst .", "For instance dropping grains of salt or sand into the solution lowers the activation energy , and increases the rate of carbon dioxide precipitation .", "The physical characteristics of Mentos ( surface roughness , easy dissolution into the liquid , etc . ) have the effect of drastically reducing the activation energy for carbon dioxide bubble formation , so that the nucleation rate becomes exceedingly high .", "The activation energy for the release of carbon dioxide from Diet Coke by addition of Mentos has been found to be 25 kJ mol .", "This formation of gaseous carbon dioxide within the water , which due to hydrogen bonding and its high surface tension wants to maintain a connected matrix of molecules , causes the water to foam , ultimately generating the `` jet '' -- or `` geyser '' -- or eruption - like nature of the effusion .", "The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke , and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy , all which influence the nature of water 's surface tension and degree to which it can foam ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The physical characteristics of Mentos have the effect of drastically reducing the activation energy for carbon dioxide bubble formation, so that the nucleation rate becomes exceedingly high. The activation energy for the release of carbon dioxide from Diet Coke by addition of Mentos has been found to be 25 kJ mol. This formation of gaseous carbon dioxide within the water, which due to hydrogen bonding and its high surface tension wants to maintain a connected matrix of molecules, causes the water to foam, ultimately generating the `` jet '' or eruption like nature of the effusion. The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke, and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy, all which influence the nature of water's surface tension and degree to which it can foam.", "selected_sentences": [ "The conversion of dissolved carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide forms rapidly expanding gas bubbles in the soda , which pushes the beverage contents out of the container .", "For instance dropping grains of salt or sand into the solution lowers the activation energy , and increases the rate of carbon dioxide precipitation .", "The physical characteristics of Mentos ( surface roughness , easy dissolution into the liquid , etc . ) have the effect of drastically reducing the activation energy for carbon dioxide bubble formation , so that the nucleation rate becomes exceedingly high .", "The activation energy for the release of carbon dioxide from Diet Coke by addition of Mentos has been found to be 25 kJ mol .", "This formation of gaseous carbon dioxide within the water , which due to hydrogen bonding and its high surface tension wants to maintain a connected matrix of molecules , causes the water to foam , ultimately generating the `` jet '' -- or `` geyser '' -- or eruption - like nature of the effusion .", "The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke , and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy , all which influence the nature of water 's surface tension and degree to which it can foam ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke, and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy, all which influence the nature of water's surface tension and degree to which it can foam.", "selected_sentences": [ "The conversion of dissolved carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide forms rapidly expanding gas bubbles in the soda , which pushes the beverage contents out of the container .", "For instance dropping grains of salt or sand into the solution lowers the activation energy , and increases the rate of carbon dioxide precipitation .", "The physical characteristics of Mentos ( surface roughness , easy dissolution into the liquid , etc . ) have the effect of drastically reducing the activation energy for carbon dioxide bubble formation , so that the nucleation rate becomes exceedingly high .", "The activation energy for the release of carbon dioxide from Diet Coke by addition of Mentos has been found to be 25 kJ mol .", "This formation of gaseous carbon dioxide within the water , which due to hydrogen bonding and its high surface tension wants to maintain a connected matrix of molecules , causes the water to foam , ultimately generating the `` jet '' -- or `` geyser '' -- or eruption - like nature of the effusion .", "The foaming is aided by the presence of chemicals like potassium benzoate and aspartame in Diet Coke , and gelatin and gum arabic in the Mentos candy , all which influence the nature of water 's surface tension and degree to which it can foam ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Like I'm Gonna Lose You", "text": "`` Like I 'm Gonna Lose You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor for her first studio album Title ( 2015 ) . The song features American singer John Legend . It was written by Trainor , Justin Weaver , and Caitlyn Smith , and produced by Chris Gelbuda and Trainor . Released by Epic Records on June 23 , 2015 , as Trainor 's fourth and final single from the album , it is a soul song . Lyrically , it is an optimistic and inspiring love song with a theme of fatalism and conveys the message to not take time with loved ones for granted . ", "sentences": [ "`` Like I 'm Gonna Lose You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor for her first studio album Title ( 2015 ) .", "The song features American singer John Legend .", "It was written by Trainor , Justin Weaver , and Caitlyn Smith , and produced by Chris Gelbuda and Trainor .", "Released by Epic Records on June 23 , 2015 , as Trainor 's fourth and final single from the album , it is a soul song .", "Lyrically , it is an optimistic and inspiring love song with a theme of fatalism and conveys the message to not take time with loved ones for granted ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It was written by Meghan Trainor, Justin Weaver, and Caitlyn Smith.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` Like I 'm Gonna Lose You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor for her first studio album Title ( 2015 ) .", "It was written by Trainor , Justin Weaver , and Caitlyn Smith , and produced by Chris Gelbuda and Trainor ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Piñata", "text": "The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against temptation . The seven points represent the seven deadly sins . The pot represents evil and the seasonal fruit and candy inside the temptations of evil . The person with the stick is blindfolded to represent faith . The turning , singing and shouting represent the disorientation that temptation creates . In some traditions , the participant is turned thirty three times , one for each year of Christ 's life . These interpretations were given to the piñata for catechism purposes . As the participant beats the piñata , it is supposed to represent the struggle against temptation and evil . When the piñata breaks , the treats inside then represent the rewards of keeping the faith . ", "sentences": [ "The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against temptation .", "The seven points represent the seven deadly sins .", "The pot represents evil and the seasonal fruit and candy inside the temptations of evil .", "The person with the stick is blindfolded to represent faith .", "The turning , singing and shouting represent the disorientation that temptation creates .", "In some traditions , the participant is turned thirty three times , one for each year of Christ 's life .", "These interpretations were given to the piñata for catechism purposes .", "As the participant beats the piñata , it is supposed to represent the struggle against temptation and evil .", "When the piñata breaks , the treats inside then represent the rewards of keeping the faith ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against temptation. The seven points represent the seven deadly sins. As the participant beats the piñata, it is supposed to represent the struggle against temptation and evil. When the piñata breaks, the treats inside then represent the rewards of keeping the faith.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against temptation .", "The seven points represent the seven deadly sins .", "As the participant beats the piñata , it is supposed to represent the struggle against temptation and evil .", "When the piñata breaks , the treats inside then represent the rewards of keeping the faith ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Based on Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata, it represents the struggle of man against temptation. The seven points represent the seven deadly sins. The pot represents evil and the seasonal fruit and candy inside the temptations of evil. The person with the stick is blindfolded to represent faith. The turning, singing and shouting represent the disorientation that temptation creates. Beating the piñata represents the struggle against temptation and evil, and when it breaks, the treats inside represent the rewards of keeping the faith.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Mexican Catholic interpretation of the piñata rested on the struggle of man against temptation .", "The seven points represent the seven deadly sins .", "The pot represents evil and the seasonal fruit and candy inside the temptations of evil .", "The person with the stick is blindfolded to represent faith .", "The turning , singing and shouting represent the disorientation that temptation creates .", "As the participant beats the piñata , it is supposed to represent the struggle against temptation and evil .", "When the piñata breaks , the treats inside then represent the rewards of keeping the faith ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tariff", "text": "A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade . In economic sense , a duty is also a kind of consumption tax . A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty . Similarly , a duty levied on exports is called an export duty . A tariff , which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate ( amount ) of customs duty , is popularly referred to as a customs duty . ", "sentences": [ "A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade .", "In economic sense , a duty is also a kind of consumption tax .", "A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty .", "Similarly , a duty levied on exports is called an export duty .", "A tariff , which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate ( amount ) of customs duty , is popularly referred to as a customs duty ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade. A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty, and a duty levied on exports is called an export duty. A tariff is popularly referred to as a customs duty.", "selected_sentences": [ "A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade .", "A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty .", "Similarly , a duty levied on exports is called an export duty .", "A tariff , which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate ( amount ) of customs duty , is popularly referred to as a customs duty ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Transpiration stream", "text": "The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis . The long and thin shape of root hairs maximizes surface area so that more water can enter . There is greater water potential in the soil than in the cytoplasm of the root hair cells . As the cell 's surface membrane of the root hair cell is semi-permeable , osmosis can take place ; and water passes from the soil to the root hairs . The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing into the xylem vessels . The water either goes through the cortex cells ( between the root cells and the xylem vessels ) or it bypasses them -- going through their cell walls . After this , the water moves up the xylem vessels to the leaves through diffusion : A pressure change between the top and bottom of the vessel . Diffusion takes place because there is a water potential gradient between water in the xylem vessel and the leaf ( as water is transpiring out of the leaf ) . This means that water diffuses up the leaf . There is also a pressure change between the top and bottom of the xylem vessels , due to water loss from the leaves . This reduces the pressure of water at the top of the vessels . This means water moves up the vessels . The last stage in the transpiration stream is the water moving into the leaves , and then the actual transpiration . First , the water moves into the mesophyll cells from the top of the xylem vessels . Then the water evaporates out of the cells into the spaces between the cells in the leaf . After this , the water leaves the leaf ( and the whole plant ) by diffusion through stomata . ", "sentences": [ "The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis .", "The long and thin shape of root hairs maximizes surface area so that more water can enter .", "There is greater water potential in the soil than in the cytoplasm of the root hair cells .", "As the cell 's surface membrane of the root hair cell is semi-permeable , osmosis can take place ; and water passes from the soil to the root hairs .", "The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing into the xylem vessels .", "The water either goes through the cortex cells ( between the root cells and the xylem vessels ) or it bypasses them -- going through their cell walls .", "After this , the water moves up the xylem vessels to the leaves through diffusion : A pressure change between the top and bottom of the vessel .", "Diffusion takes place because there is a water potential gradient between water in the xylem vessel and the leaf ( as water is transpiring out of the leaf ) .", "This means that water diffuses up the leaf .", "There is also a pressure change between the top and bottom of the xylem vessels , due to water loss from the leaves .", "This reduces the pressure of water at the top of the vessels .", "This means water moves up the vessels .", "The last stage in the transpiration stream is the water moving into the leaves , and then the actual transpiration .", "First , the water moves into the mesophyll cells from the top of the xylem vessels .", "Then the water evaporates out of the cells into the spaces between the cells in the leaf .", "After this , the water leaves the leaf ( and the whole plant ) by diffusion through stomata ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis. As the cell's surface membrane of the root hair cell is semi-permeable, osmosis can take place; and water passes from the soil to the root hairs. The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing into the xylem vessels. The water either goes through the cortex cells or bypasses them -- going through their cell walls. After this, the water moves up the xylem vessels to the leaves through diffusion: A pressure change between the top and bottom of the vessel. The last stage in the transpiration stream is the water moving into the leaves, and then the actual transpiration. First, the water moves into the mesophyll cells from the top of the xylem vessels, then the water evaporates out of the cells into the spaces between the cells in the leaf.", "selected_sentences": [ "The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis .", "As the cell 's surface membrane of the root hair cell is semi-permeable , osmosis can take place ; and water passes from the soil to the root hairs .", "The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing into the xylem vessels .", "The water either goes through the cortex cells ( between the root cells and the xylem vessels ) or it bypasses them -- going through their cell walls .", "After this , the water moves up the xylem vessels to the leaves through diffusion : A pressure change between the top and bottom of the vessel .", "The last stage in the transpiration stream is the water moving into the leaves , and then the actual transpiration .", "First , the water moves into the mesophyll cells from the top of the xylem vessels .", "Then the water evaporates out of the cells into the spaces between the cells in the leaf ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII -- The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American epic space opera film co-written , co-produced and directed by J.J. Abrams . The sequel to 1983 's Return of the Jedi , The Force Awakens is the first installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy . It stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong'o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , Peter Mayhew , and Max von Sydow . Produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and Abrams ' production company Bad Robot Productions and distributed worldwide by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , The Force Awakens was the first Star Wars film not produced by franchise creator George Lucas . Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor to the Galactic Empire . ", "sentences": [ "Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII --", "The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American epic space opera film co-written , co-produced and directed by J.J. Abrams .", "The sequel to 1983 's Return of the Jedi , The Force Awakens is the first installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy .", "It stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong'o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , Peter Mayhew , and Max von Sydow .", "Produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and Abrams ' production company Bad Robot Productions and distributed worldwide by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , The Force Awakens was the first Star Wars film not produced by franchise creator George Lucas .", "Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor to the Galactic Empire ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII --The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American epic space opera film as the sequel to 1983 's Return of the Jedi. Setting 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance", "selected_sentences": [ "Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VII --", "The Force Awakens ) is a 2015 American epic space opera film co-written , co-produced and directed by J.J. Abrams .", "The sequel to 1983 's Return of the Jedi , The Force Awakens is the first installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy .", "Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor to the Galactic Empire ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "30 years after Return of the Jedi, it took place.", "selected_sentences": [ "Set 30 years after Return of the Jedi , it follows Rey , Finn and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor to the Galactic Empire ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Don't (Ed Sheeran song)", "text": "The lyrics consist of three verses , which Sheeran elaborated : `` The first verse is the setup , the second explains the situation , and the third is the outcome , with a chorus in between each . '' A lyrical screed , it alludes to events attendant to the short - lived relationship Sheeran had with another singer . He sings : `` For me and her , we make money the same way / Four cities , two planes in the same day . '' Sheeran scorned the former girl for having sex with another guy , and expressed an expletive such as in the line `` Do n't fuck with my love '' . Sheeran revealed he wrote the song out of frustration , and , story-wise , the lyrics are self - explanatory . He recalled the events that inspired his writing : `` ( ... ) it was one of those situations where someone comes across as a very , very sweet , innocent person , and you take that for granted , then stuff unravels and you see a different side to them . '' The song was therapeutic because writing it made him feel better afterwards . Tabloids ", "sentences": [ "The lyrics consist of three verses , which Sheeran elaborated : `` The first verse is the setup , the second explains the situation , and the third is the outcome , with a chorus in between each . ''", "A lyrical screed , it alludes to events attendant to the short - lived relationship Sheeran had with another singer .", "He sings : `` For me and her , we make money the same way / Four cities , two planes in the same day . ''", "Sheeran scorned the former girl for having sex with another guy , and expressed an expletive such as in the line `` Do n't fuck with my love '' .", "Sheeran revealed he wrote the song out of frustration , and , story-wise , the lyrics are self - explanatory .", "He recalled the events that inspired his writing : `` ( ... )", "it was one of those situations where someone comes across as a very , very sweet , innocent person , and you take that for granted , then stuff unravels", "and you see a different side to them . ''", "The song was therapeutic because writing it made him feel better afterwards .", "Tabloids" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song alludes to events attendant to the short - lived relationship Sheeran had with another singer .\r\nSheeran scorned the former girl for having sex with another guy , and expressed an expletive such as in the line `` Do n't fuck with my love '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "A lyrical screed , it alludes to events attendant to the short - lived relationship Sheeran had with another singer .", "Sheeran scorned the former girl for having sex with another guy , and expressed an expletive such as in the line `` Do n't fuck with my love '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Groundling", "text": "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century . They were too poor to pay to be able to sit on one of the three levels of the theatre . If they paid one penny , they could stand in `` the pit '' , also called `` the yard '' , just below the stage to watch the play . Standing in the pit was uncomfortable , and people were usually packed in tightly . The groundlings were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers . The name ' groundlings ' came about after Hamlet referenced them as such when the play was first performed around 1600 . At the time , the word had entered the English language to mean a small type of fish with a gaping mouth - from the vantage point of the actor playing Hamlet , set on a stage raised around 5 feet from the ground , the sea of upturned faces may have looked like wide - mouthed fish . They were known to misbehave and are commonly believed to have thrown food such as fruit and nuts at characters they did not like , although there is no evidence of this . They would watch the plays from the cramped pits with sometimes over 500 people standing there . ", "sentences": [ "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century .", "They were too poor to pay to be able to sit on one of the three levels of the theatre .", "If they paid one penny , they could stand in `` the pit '' , also called `` the yard '' , just below the stage to watch the play .", "Standing in the pit was uncomfortable , and people were usually packed in tightly .", "The groundlings were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers .", "The name ' groundlings ' came about after Hamlet referenced them as such when the play was first performed around 1600 .", "At the time , the word had entered the English language to mean a small type of fish with a gaping mouth - from the vantage point of the actor playing Hamlet , set on a stage raised around 5 feet from the ground , the sea of upturned faces may have looked like wide - mouthed fish .", "They were known to misbehave and are commonly believed to have thrown food such as fruit and nuts at characters they did not like , although there is no evidence of this .", "They would watch the plays from the cramped pits with sometimes over 500 people standing there ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century. They were too poor to pay to be able to sit on one of the three levels of the theatre and were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers.", "selected_sentences": [ "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century .", "They were too poor to pay to be able to sit on one of the three levels of the theatre .", "The groundlings were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century . Also, the groundlings were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers .", "selected_sentences": [ "A groundling was a person who visited the Globe Theatre in the early 17th century .", "The groundlings were commoners who were also referred to as stinkards or penny - stinkers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": ".38 Long Colt", "text": "In civilian use , the . 38 LC was chambered in a number of Colt revolvers and saw some use among target shooters . Various U.S. police forces also adopted the cartridge . However , the cartridge became nearly extinct after Smith & Wesson 's more powerful . 38 Special cartridge became widely popular as a civilian and police service cartridge . By 1908 , even Colt was chambering their new Police Positive and New Army revolvers in ``. 38 Colt Special '' , which was nothing more than the standard . 38 Smith & Wesson Special with a different headstamp . ", "sentences": [ "In civilian use , the .", "38 LC was chambered in a number of Colt revolvers and saw some use among target shooters .", "Various U.S. police forces also adopted the cartridge .", "However , the cartridge became nearly extinct after Smith & Wesson 's more powerful .", "38 Special cartridge became widely popular as a civilian and police service cartridge .", "By 1908 , even Colt was chambering their new Police Positive and New Army revolvers in ``.", "38 Colt Special '' , which was nothing more than the standard .", "38 Smith & Wesson Special with a different headstamp ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The 38 LC was chambered in a number of Colt revolvers. The cartridge became nearly extinct after Smith & Wesson's more powerful 38 Special cartridge became widely popular as a civilian and police service cartridge.", "selected_sentences": [ "38 LC was chambered in a number of Colt revolvers and saw some use among target shooters .", "However , the cartridge became nearly extinct after Smith & Wesson 's more powerful .", "38 Special cartridge became widely popular as a civilian and police service cartridge ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "First Shearith Israel Graveyard", "text": "First Shearith Israel Graveyard -- also known as Chatham Square Cemetery -- is a tiny Jewish graveyard at 55 - 57 St James Place in Lower Manhattan , New York City , New York . It is the oldest of three Manhattan graveyards currently maintained by Congregation Shearith Israel ( Hebrew , `` Remnant of Israel '' ) , which is itself the oldest Jewish congregation in North America . ( The Congregation was formed by Spanish and Portuguese Sephardic Jewish immigrants in 1654 . ) Today , the cemetery is a mere fragment of its original extent . Only about a hundred headstones and above ground tombs can still be seen in what remains of the old burial ground , which rises slightly above street level . It is the only remaining 17th century structure in Manhattan . ", "sentences": [ "First Shearith Israel Graveyard -- also known as Chatham Square Cemetery -- is a tiny Jewish graveyard at 55 - 57 St James Place in Lower Manhattan , New York City , New York .", "It is the oldest of three Manhattan graveyards currently maintained by Congregation Shearith Israel ( Hebrew , `` Remnant of Israel '' ) , which is itself the oldest Jewish congregation in North America .", "( The Congregation was formed by Spanish and Portuguese Sephardic Jewish immigrants in 1654 . )", "Today , the cemetery is a mere fragment of its original extent .", "Only about a hundred headstones and above ground tombs can still be seen in what remains of the old burial ground , which rises slightly above street level .", "It is the only remaining 17th century structure in Manhattan ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "First Shearith Israel Graveyard in Lower Manhattan, New York City, is the oldest of three Manhattan graveyards currently maintained by Congregation Shearith Israel. The Congregation was formed by Spanish and Portuguese Sephardic Jewish immigrants in 1654. Today, the cemetery is a mere fragment of its original extent, it is the only remaining 17th century structure in Manhattan.", "selected_sentences": [ "First Shearith Israel Graveyard -- also known as Chatham Square Cemetery -- is a tiny Jewish graveyard at 55 - 57 St James Place in Lower Manhattan , New York City , New York .", "It is the oldest of three Manhattan graveyards currently maintained by Congregation Shearith Israel ( Hebrew , `` Remnant of Israel '' ) , which is itself the oldest Jewish congregation in North America .", "Today , the cemetery is a mere fragment of its original extent .", "It is the only remaining 17th century structure in Manhattan ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Denver", "text": "Denver is ranked as a Beta - world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . With an estimated population of 704,621 in 2017 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 17.41 % increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest - growing major cities in the United States . The 10 - county Denver - Aurora - Lakewood , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2017 population of 2,888,227 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area . The 12 - city Denver - Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2016 population of 3,470,235 and is the 16th most populous U.S. metropolitan area . Denver is the most populous city of the 18 - county Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2016 population of 4,833,260 . Denver is the most populous city within a 500 - mile ( 800 km ) radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix , Arizona . In 2016 , Denver was named the best place to live in the United States by U.S. News & World Report . ", "sentences": [ "Denver is ranked as a Beta - world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network .", "With an estimated population of 704,621 in 2017 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 17.41 % increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest - growing major cities in the United States .", "The 10 - county Denver - Aurora - Lakewood , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2017 population of 2,888,227 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area .", "The 12 - city Denver - Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2016 population of 3,470,235 and is the 16th most populous U.S. metropolitan area .", "Denver is the most populous city of the 18 - county Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2016 population of 4,833,260 .", "Denver is the most populous city within a 500 - mile ( 800 km ) radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix , Arizona .", "In 2016 , Denver was named the best place to live in the United States by U.S. News & World Report ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Denver had an estimated population of 704,621 in 2017, the 12 city Denver - Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2016 population of 3,470,235.", "selected_sentences": [ "With an estimated population of 704,621 in 2017 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 17.41 % increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest - growing major cities in the United States .", "The 12 - city Denver - Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2016 population of 3,470,235 and is the 16th most populous U.S. metropolitan area ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cuba–Soviet Union relations", "text": "The subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 had an immediate and devastating effect on Cuba . Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union , soon after entering a fiscal crisis . While throughout the 1990s and into the present , Cuba maintained and built up relationships with other Latin American neighbors and non-aligned countries , as the only Marxist nation within the Western Hemisphere , Cuba was no longer able to maintain their political status . After the shift to world market prices under the 1991 trade agreement and the dissolution of CMEA , which had once accounted for almost 85 percent of Cuban trade , trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent . The Soviet Union alone imported 80 % of all Cuban sugar and 40 % of all Cuban citrus . Oil imports dropped from 13 million tons in 1989 to about 3 million tons in 1993 from Russia . The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba . Further ", "sentences": [ "The subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 had an immediate and devastating effect on Cuba .", "Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union , soon after entering a fiscal crisis .", "While throughout the 1990s and into the present , Cuba maintained and built up relationships with other Latin American neighbors and non-aligned countries , as the only Marxist nation within the Western Hemisphere , Cuba was no longer able to maintain their political status .", "After the shift to world market prices under the 1991 trade agreement and the dissolution of CMEA , which had once accounted for almost 85 percent of Cuban trade , trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent .", "The Soviet Union alone imported 80 % of all Cuban sugar and 40 % of all Cuban citrus .", "Oil imports dropped from 13 million tons in 1989 to about 3 million tons in 1993 from Russia .", "The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba .", "Further" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union were lost to Cuba , soon after entering a fiscal crisis .\r\nThe end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba .", "selected_sentences": [ "Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union , soon after entering a fiscal crisis .", "The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges and entered a fiscal crisis. Trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent. The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba.", "selected_sentences": [ "Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union , soon after entering a fiscal crisis .", "After the shift to world market prices under the 1991 trade agreement and the dissolution of CMEA , which had once accounted for almost 85 percent of Cuban trade , trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent .", "The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Love It or List It", "text": "Love It or List It is a Canadian home design TV show currently airing on HGTV , W Network , and on OWN Canada , and is the original show in the Love it or List It franchise . The show is produced by Big Coat Productions and was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada . The show premiered as a primetime program on W Network on September 8 , 2008 , and has since aired on OWN Canada as well as HGTV in the United States . In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina . ", "sentences": [ "Love It or List", "It is a Canadian home design TV show currently airing on HGTV , W Network , and on OWN Canada , and is the original show in the Love it or List It franchise .", "The show is produced by Big Coat Productions and was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada .", "The show premiered as a primetime program on W Network on September 8 , 2008 , and has since aired on OWN Canada as well as HGTV in the United States .", "In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The show was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada. In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina.", "selected_sentences": [ "The show is produced by Big Coat Productions and was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada .", "In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "United Kingdom general election, 2010", "text": "The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday , 6 May 2010 , with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons . The election took place in 650 constituencies across the United Kingdom under the first - past - the - post system . None of the parties achieved the 326 seats needed for an overall majority . The Conservative Party , led by David Cameron , won the largest number of votes and seats , but still fell 20 seats short . This resulted in a hung parliament where no party was able to command a majority in the House of Commons . This was only the second general election since the Second World War to return a hung parliament , the first being the February 1974 election . Unlike in 1974 , the potential for a hung parliament had this time been widely considered and predicted , and both the country and politicians were better prepared for the constitutional process that would follow such a result . The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome . The hung parliament came about in spite of the Conservatives managing both a higher vote total and higher share of the vote than the previous Labour government had done in 2005 , when it secured a comfortable majority . ", "sentences": [ "The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday , 6 May 2010 , with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons .", "The election took place in 650 constituencies across the United Kingdom under the first - past - the - post system .", "None of the parties achieved the 326 seats needed for an overall majority .", "The Conservative Party , led by David Cameron , won the largest number of votes and seats , but still fell 20 seats short .", "This resulted in a hung parliament where no party was able to command a majority in the House of Commons .", "This was only the second general election since the Second World War to return a hung parliament , the first being the February 1974 election .", "Unlike in 1974 , the potential for a hung parliament had this time been widely considered and predicted , and both the country and politicians were better prepared for the constitutional process that would follow such a result .", "The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome .", "The hung parliament came about in spite of the Conservatives managing both a higher vote total and higher share of the vote than the previous Labour government had done in 2005 , when it secured a comfortable majority ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Conservative Party, led by David Cameron, won the largest number of votes and seats, but still fell 20 seats short. The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Conservative Party , led by David Cameron , won the largest number of votes and seats , but still fell 20 seats short .", "The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (film)", "text": "Filming was initially set to begin in August 2014 in London. Principal photography on the film began on February 24 , 2015 in the Tampa Bay Area . Filming lasted for two weeks in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties , in the Florida area . It is the second Tim Burton film to be shot in the Tampa Bay area , the first being Edward Scissorhands , in 1989 . Production of the film later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a municipality close to Antwerp , Belgium . ", "sentences": [ "Filming was initially set to begin in August 2014 in London.", "Principal photography on the film began on February 24 , 2015 in the Tampa Bay Area .", "Filming lasted for two weeks in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties , in the Florida area .", "It is the second Tim Burton film to be shot in the Tampa Bay area , the first being Edward Scissorhands , in 1989 .", "Production of the film later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a municipality close to Antwerp , Belgium ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Filming was initially set to begin in London, moved on to the Tampa Bay Area, and Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. Production later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall, and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a community close to Antwerp, Belgium.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming was initially set to begin in August 2014 in London.", "Principal photography on the film began on February 24 , 2015 in the Tampa Bay Area .", "Filming lasted for two weeks in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties , in the Florida area .", "Production of the film later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a municipality close to Antwerp , Belgium ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "It was filmed in the Tampa Bay Area, Hillsborough and Pinellas counties and in the Florida area. The production was in Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat, Belgium.", "selected_sentences": [ "Principal photography on the film began on February 24 , 2015 in the Tampa Bay Area .", "Filming lasted for two weeks in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties , in the Florida area .", "Production of the film later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a municipality close to Antwerp , Belgium ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Endoplasmic reticulum", "text": "The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae . The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane . The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells , but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa . There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) . The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis . The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes . The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification . The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells . ", "sentences": [ "The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae .", "The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane .", "The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells , but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa .", "There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) .", "The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis .", "The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes .", "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification .", "The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) . The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes . The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification .", "selected_sentences": [ "There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) .", "The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes .", "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]