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8,692 | An organization has investigated the average housing prices of three types of housing (villas, ordinary commercial rooms and comfortable housing) in cities A, B and C in eastern China, and the information released is as follows: according to the price of villa housing, from high to low is A, B, C; According to the price of ordinary commercial housing, from high to low is A, C, B; According to the price of comfortable housing, from high to low is B, A, C. | The overall average price of residential housing in City A is the lowest is a wrong judgment about the overall average housing price of residents in the above three cities. | entailment |
11,093 | The Ergonomic Society conducted a study that indicated that many people develop severe back problems during adulthood, and that virtually all such people who received chiropractic treatment showed great improvement. Ttherefore, in order to minimize the proportion of the population that suffers from back pain, the Ergonomic Society recommended that chiropractic treatment be directed toward those adults who suffer from severe back problems. | Chiropractic treatment is more effective in treating severe back problems when utilized over a long period of time, as opposed to sporadically is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
5,778 | Contract of gift refers to a contract in which one party to a contract gives its property to the other party without compensation. The party giving the property is called the giver and the party receiving the property is called the grantee. | Providing a residence to a friend for free during a period of studying abroad may result in a contract of gift according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
14,124 | Valitania' s long-standing practice of paying high salaries to its elected politicians has had a disastrous effect on the level of integrity among politicians in that country. This is because the prospect of earning a high salary is always attractive to anyone whose primary aim in life is to make money, so that inevitably the wrong people must have been attracted into Valitanian politics: people who are more interested in making money than in serving the needs of the nation. | Most of those who are currently Valitanian politicians could have obtained better-paid work outside politics would weaken the argument. | entailment |
432 | The careful design of some products makes the products convenient and efficient, brings comfort to customers, and customers don't have to read complex instructions or ask for help from others. On the contrary, some products are designed without considering users' habits and needs, so people will encounter difficulties or confusion in the process of use. This kind of products are called Norman Products. | According to the above definition, the bottom pulley of a large wooden wardrobe of a certain brand is of poor quality, and it is difficult for users to open the door is a Norman Product. | not-entailment |
1,962 | If China wants to make great achievements in the 21st century, it should not only make efforts on the general skills of international competition and interaction, but more importantly, it should have a clear understanding of the evolution and development trend of world political characteristics in time, so as to stimulate greater strategic wisdom, have a keen insight into the possible trends of the world in the future, timely eliminate all kinds of drawbacks that are not suitable for future development, and safeguard national security and interests. Seek the all-round development of society. In other words, the mission of international strategy is not and cannot be to design some kind of self-righteous outcome for the world. | The intended emphasis in this passage is that China's international strategy should adapt to the general trend of the evolution and development of world political characteristics. | entailment |
14,399 | By competing with rodents for seeds, black ants help control rodent populations that pose a public health risk. However, a very aggressive species of black ant, the Loma ant, which has recently invaded a certain region, has a venomous sting that is often fatal to humans. Ttherefore, the planned introduction into that region of ant flies, which prey on Loma ants, would benefit public health. | The statement 'Ant flies do not attack black ants other than Loma ants' most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
2,512 | Recently, students at Peking University and Tsinghua University issued an initiative calling on college students to boycott unhealthy online games. | College students should not play unhealthy online games must be preset for this initiative. | not-entailment |
1,516 | In rural planning and construction, we should highlight rural, regional and national characteristics, respect local traditional customs and customs, and not lose typical regional characteristics, distinctive national characteristics and excellent cultural traditions. | The most appropriate summary of this sentence is that rural planning and construction should be typical. | not-entailment |
13,717 | Company X and Company Y have each been building a rocket ship able to travel to Mars. After five years of design and construction, the rocket ships have been unveiled to the public, which instantly notices the rocket ships are so similar in design as to be indistinguishable. Ttherefore, one of the companies must have had information pertaining to the design of the other rocket ship. | The statement "Each space ship uses a different color scheme, which matches that of each company's logo" would most call in to question the validity of the argument. | not-entailment |
8,576 | The competition between electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles has a history of more than one hundred years. For a long time, the development of internal combustion vehicles has been outstanding and has made great progress. In recent years, with the development of battery technology, electric vehicles have occupied many fields, such as bicycles, motorcycles, small transport vehicles, large urban buses, airport and port ferries and so on. As a result, it has been proposed that the time for electric vehicles to completely replace internal combustion vehicles is coming, and even some countries and places have proposed a timetable for banning the sale of fuel cars. But some opponents say that internal combustion vehicles and electric vehicles will continue to move in the opposite direction for quite a long time in the future. | The statement 'After more than one hundred years of development, internal combustion vehicles have become very mature' can best support the opponents of the above point of view. | not-entailment |
10,033 | An authoritative opinion poll conducted an investigation into the causes of the 9/11 terrorist attacks around the world and found that 40% thought it was caused by the unfair foreign policy of the United States, 55% thought it was caused by the conflict between Islamic civilization and Western civilization, 23% thought it was caused by the evil nature of terrorists, and 19% did not express their opinions. | The most reasonable explanation for the above contradictory statements is that some respondents later changed their views. | not-entailment |
13,084 | Doctor: It would benefit public health if junk food were taxed. Not only in this country but in many other countries as well, the excessive proportion of junk food in people' s diets contributes to many common and serious health problems. If junk food were much more expensive than healthful food, people would be encouraged to make dietary changes that would reduce these problems. | The conclusion drawn in the doctor's argument is that taxing junk food would benefit public health. | entailment |
7,826 | Technological innovation refers to the economic development, only new technology and new inventions in the production of the first application, is in the production system to establish a new production function or supply function. The new combination economics, which causes a kind of factor of production and production conditions, emphasizes that planned innovation is not exclusive. Uncertainty, marketability and systemic characteristics. | According to the above definition, Haier Group's production of household appliances suitable for the needs of all kinds of people and achieving great market returns belongs to technological innovation in the field of economics. | entailment |
10,833 | The town of Springhill frequently must declare a water emergency, making it temporarily unlawful to use water for such nonessential purposes as car washing. These emergencies could be avoided if Springhill would introduce permanent economic incentives for water conservation. Actually, Springhill discourages conservation because each household pays a modest monthly flat fee for any amount of water below a certain usage threshold, and a substantial per-liter rate only after the threshold is reached. | The statement 'The threshold is kept at a high enough level to exceed the water requirements of most households in Springhill' most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
11,864 | From an analysis of broken pottery and statuary, archaeologists have estimated that an ancient settlement in southwestern Arabia was established around 1000 B. C. However, new evidence suggests that the settlement is considerably older: tests show that a piece of building timber recently uncovered at the site is substantially older than the pottery and statuary. | The statement that "the tests used to determine the age of the pottery and statuary had been devised more recently than those used to determine the age of the building timber" most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn from the new evidence. | not-entailment |
4,206 | The refraction of light is an optical phenomenon, which refers to the phenomenon of deflection of direction when light is shot in by one medium, another medium, or propagated in the same uneven medium. | According to the above definition, the statement "When you stand on the shore and see the clear water, don't go down, because the actual depth is deeper than you see" is not a refraction of light. | not-entailment |
11,432 | Psychologist: Satisfaction and happiness with one' s family cannot exist unless families have established strong values of mutual trust, love, and respect. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only through making these key values the basis for all actions within the family. It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on one' s family life. | The assumption that people who rely on movies and electronic information for entertainment are unable to form strong values of trust, love, and respect with their families is on which the psychiatrist's argument depends. | entailment |
1,385 | In good politics, public power must be restricted. The ways of restricting public power can be divided into two types, one is rigid restriction, the other is soft restriction, that is, moral restriction on power. To restrict power, we should not only improve the system and make the restriction of power rigid, but also give full play to the role of official morality and let conscience restrict power. | The moral cultivation of leading cadres cannot be ignored is true of the argument in this paragraph. | entailment |
1,355 | The responsible judicature in ancient China means that judicial personnel must be responsible for their own actions. In Legalist thought, the theory of responsible judicature originated from the theory of responsible administration, because judicial power and administrative power were not separated at that time. The theory of responsible administration requires that the subject of administrative law enforcement must bear responsibility for his own actions. For this reason, the Qin Dynasty established a perfect supervision system to supervise the administrative law enforcement and investigate the illegal acts of the law enforcement subjects. At that time, judicial power was a part of executive power, so the supervision of administrative power included the supervision of judicial power. If the subject of supervision finds that judicial personnel have the problem of judicial injustice, they will punish them. It can be said that the supervision system was the premise of the establishment of the judicial responsibility system at that time. The judicial responsibility system of the Qin Dynasty is groundbreaking, as exemplified by the charges such as not being straight stipulated in the Law of the Qin Dynasty. Responsible judicature is also a kind of judicature of governing officials. Legalists advocate governing officials but not people and require that the style of officials should be brought into the track of the rule of law. | The Origin of responsible Judicature and Legalist thought in Ancient China mainly describes the content of this paragraph. | entailment |
1,203 | Since people are social animals and cannot do anything without the interpersonal environment, who can win the trust and cooperation of others fastest with the lowest communication cost per unit time has a great chance of success. At all times, at home and abroad, those who can achieve great things often win in the comprehensive quality of communication, organization and action. No matter socialized mass production in the industrial era, or the business competition in the market economy environment, it is necessary to put this kind of interpersonal knowledge through the behavior of every economic man. | Communication is important for success is consistent with the above words. | entailment |
10,851 | Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust. | Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above. | entailment |
7,766 | In order to enrich the spare-time life of employees, a certain company allocates a fixed amount of funds each year for the travel benefits of its employees. Some employees of the company have spontaneously established a travel companion association, and some people in the travel companion association are the technical backbone of the company. Recently, the Some of the leaders of the company are preparing to embezzle the funds for other purposes.This idea has been approved by all members of the company's management, but the members of the Travel Friends Association did not agree with the decision of the company's management. | Some technical backbones are not members of management can be derived based on the above statement. | entailment |
9,939 | Five stations have been set up in a section of the high-speed railway along the river from west to east. It is known that Fu Yi Station is located in the east of Hao Yun Station and west of Hu Yao Station, and adjacent to Hu Yao Station; Jiu Shang Station is adjacent to Yin Ling Station. | If Hao Yun Station is on the east side of the station, Yin Ling Station is adjacent to Fu Yi Station and is to the west of Fu Yi Station can be inferred. | not-entailment |
8,640 | The latest two research results have attracted people's attention: one is to use certain bacteria to produce artificial meat protein, which grows by absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which takes about 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide for every kilogram of protein; second, to synthesize ethanol from carbon dioxide and water recovered from the atmosphere, it takes 1.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kilogram of ethanol. Experts predict that these new technologies will help to achieve the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions in the middle of the 21st century. | Based on this, it can be concluded that carbon dioxide resource utilization may achieve zero greenhouse gas emission target is correct. | entailment |
13,113 | Psychiatrist: Breaking any habit is difficult, especially when it involves an addictive substance. People who break a habit are more likely to be motivated by immediate concerns than by long-term ones. Ttherefore, people who succeed in breaking their addiction to smoking cigarettes are more likely to be motivated by the social pressure against smoking -- which is an immediate concern -- than by health concerns, since __. | For most people who successfully quit smoking, smoking does not create an immediate health concern at the time they quit supports the conclusion of the psychiatrist's argument the most. | entailment |
739 | Virtual human resource management refers to a human resource management method based on cooperative relationship and making full use of modern information network technology to help enterprises obtain, develop and plan intellectual and labor capital. It can meet the requirements of the development of enterprise management virtualization, externalize a large number of human resource management activities or realize independent management by employees, Thus, enterprises can focus on the core human resource management and improve the efficiency of human resource management | A group designs all its advertisements by the same advertising company does not belong to virtual HR management according to the above definition. | entailment |
9,807 | China's special climatic environment has led to the formation of the custom of hot food in China. Hot food can not be touched directly by hand. Cutlery is needed to help you eat. During the warring States period, lacquer ware entered into the food utensils and gradually replaced the bronze ware. When using lacquer ware to carry food, if you use a knife and fork to eat, it will cause a lot of scratches and damage on the surface of the lacquer ware, affecting the beauty of the lacquer ware. Taking advantage of the good elasticity of bamboo, the ancestors of ancient China first made bamboo clips, accumulated experience in using them, and finally evolved chopsticks. | The custom of eating hot food contributed to the emergence of chopsticks is not mentioned. | not-entailment |
282 | If colleges and universities can hire a large number of graduates who have obtained doctoral degrees from top overseas universities, it will undoubtedly helpful to improve the quality of teaching and scientific research. Therefore, hiring graduates who have obtained doctoral degrees from domestic universities will not help improve the quality of teaching and scientific research. | Graduates, hired by colleges and universities, who have obtained doctoral degrees from top overseas universities are usually jointly cultivated by domestic universities and overseas universities, and they also have doctoral degrees issued by domestic universities, if true, will challenge the most to the above view. | entailment |
714 | A unit plans to organize trade union activities to visit the nearby ancient town. It needs to count the number of participants. Xiao Chen said: if it doesn't rain, I have no reason not to go. Xiao Wang said: January 1 is my child's birthday, and I must accompany him at home. As long as it doesn't happen on this day, I can't go. Xiao Liu said: if it rains, I won't go. Xiao Zhang said: if someone goes, I will go. December 29 On Tuesday, the person in charge of the trade union informed that the trade union activity was scheduled for the day after tomorrow. I hope everyone can make arrangements, and the weather forecast says it is impossible to rain this week | This leads to the conclusion that Xiao Zhang will go and Xiao Liu won't. | not-entailment |
14,363 | Most veterinarians, and especially those at university veterinary research centers, have a devoted interest in the biological sciences. But most veterinarians choose their profession primarily because they love animals. Among persons who are seriously interested in biological science but lack any special love for animals, one does not find any prominent veterinarians. | Prominent veterinarians at some veterinary research centers are intensely devoted to the biological sciences but do not feel any pronounced affection for animals cannot be true if all of the statements above are true. | entailment |
11,955 | Whenever an artist endowed with both a high level of artistic skill and a high degree of creativity combines these two abilities in the process of creating an artwork, the resulting product is a great work of art. Moreover, no work of art can be great unless both of these elements are combined in its execution. Thus, great works of art are necessarily rare. | A high degree of creativity and a high level of artistic skill are seldom combined in the creation of a work of art is an assumption required by the argument. | entailment |
67 | Some people believe that if a country can operate its economy efficiently, it will definitely be able to create wealth and become rich: if such a country wants to maintain political stability, the wealth it creates must be fairly distributed; the fair distribution of wealth will end economic risk; however, the existence of risk is an indispensable prerequisite for the efficient operation of the economy. | A conclusion that can be drawn from the above viewpoint is that a country's political stability and economically efficient operation cannot coexist. | entailment |
7,870 | The four offices of a certain agency, A, B, C, and D, are preparing for in-depth investigations at the grassroots level. The places they are preparing to investigate are Hongxing Township, Chaoyang Township, Yongfeng Street, and Xingfu Street. Each room chooses exactly one place and it is different. Known: (1) Either A chooses Xingfu Street, or B chooses Xingfu Street, and the two must be one of them;(2) either A chooses Red Star Township or C chooses Yongfeng County Street; (3) if C chooses Yongfeng County Street, D chooses Happy Street. | Based on the above statement, C choose Xingfu Street can be concluded. | not-entailment |
14,223 | Pandas are rapidly disappearing from the wild. Ttherefore, in order to preserve the species, existing pandas should be captured and placed in zoos around the world. | Many zoos are eager to increase their stock of rare and exotic animals, but there are not enough pandas for all the zoos that want one most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above. | not-entailment |
2,147 | Water tourism is a short-term experience with social, leisure and consumption attributes that people go to the water body and surrounding areas for the main purpose of seeking pleasure. At present, it has gradually become an important carrier of people's leisure fashion and regional tourism development. Water tourism resources refer to the natural landscape and cultural landscape which are attractive to people, such as water area (water body) and associated shore land, island, forest and grass, architecture and so on. | According to the above definition, a release pool with thousands of koi in a forest park is not a water tourism resource. | entailment |
4,814 | Tendering is a transaction method in which the tenderee does not go through the general transaction negotiation process before buying and selling bulk commodities, contracting construction projects or cooperating in a certain business, but publicly solicits bids from the applicants, and finally the tenderee selects the transaction object to contract. | The transaction method 'U.S. offers a $5 million reward for catching bin Laden alive' belongs to tendering. | entailment |
127 | An animal protection organization in Country M is trying to change the long-standing perception of bats as a terrifying animal. The organization argues that bats are scary and upsetting just because they hide whenever they see people and only active at night. | The statement 'Raccoons and owls also avoid people whenever they see people, and they are only active at night, but generally they are not scary and upsetting' will raise the most serious doubts about the accuracy of the organization's arguments. | entailment |
14,478 | Each species of moth has an optimal body temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much below that temperature, the moths typically have to remain inactive on vegetation for extended periods, leaving them highly vulnerable to predators. In general, larger moths can fly faster than smaller ones and hence have a better chance of evading flying predators, but they also have higher optimal body temperatures, which explains why __. | Large moths are proportionally much more common in warm climates than in cool climates most logically completes the passage. | entailment |
13,561 | All Labrador retrievers love playing fetch. Only German shepherds love protecting their home. Some dogs are easy to train. Brittany' s dog loves playing fetch and loves protecting her home. | Brittany's dog is a German shepherd must be true. | entailment |
6,763 | Genomics research shows that the human genome contains 20 to 25000 genes, but so far, using gene detection technology, only more than a thousand disease genes can be found, and all of them are single gene diseases. However, polygenic diseases in humans are still a blind spot for technical testing. In this regard, the existing genetic test results all use high, medium, low or a certain percentage range to indicate the risk probability of an individual suffering from a certain disease, which simply cannot reach the so-called 100% accuracy. In addition, even if the genetic test results are normal, the possibility of getting sick cannot be ruled out. | The main content of this text is that the existing gene test results are not refined enough. | not-entailment |
4,863 | Xiao Zhang is going to watch a game next week, but he forgot the specific day. He asked A, B, C, D and E respectively. Their answers are as follows. A said it must be a weekend. B said it must be one of Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. C said it must be Monday. D said it must be one of Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. E said it must be Friday. A, B, C, D and E are only one person right. | Based on the above conclusions, Wednesday is correct. | entailment |
11,974 | Demand levels for some categories of products are closely interdependent. When one type of a product can serve as a complement for another product, the levels of demand for these goods are positively related. An increase in the demand for one product usually increases the demand for its complementary product. Similarly, a decrease in the demand for one good causes a decrease in the demand for its complementary product. | A decrease in the demand for CD players results in a decrease in the demand for CD's provides an example of the relationship between product demands described above. | entailment |
6,484 | The development of history is not independent, it is an organism. Just like a person, from youth to old age, there is something consistent in his body, not to say that everything has to be done from scratch at a stage. Such basic morals as filial piety, honesty and trustworthiness can exist beyond ideology. I call it human gene. It is not only inherited, but also inherited to some extent. | The development of history is not like an organism that can transcend ideology. | entailment |
4,866 | Global warming has had a lot of effects on human beings, but also on other life on Earth. The increase of precipitation can improve vegetation, which is beneficial to the growth of rodents. The study shows that the increase in precipitation has enriched the vegetation in the already arid Inner Mongolia region. The food of rats was also increased, and the number of long-clawed sand rats increased. | The increase of vegetation in Inner Mongolia is closely related to ecological protection in recent years best weakens the above conclusions. | not-entailment |
7,832 | Wang Ping is the manager of the Phoenix Company. All of Li Qiang's friends work in the Phoenix Company. Hu Bin is a friend of Li Qiang. Some employees in the Phoenix Company are from Hunan, and all the employees in the Phoenix Company are college students. | Li Qiang has some friends with low academic qualifications is correct according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
6,005 | A park in France plans to hire crows as cleaners. But some people also expressed doubts about whether the Crow cleanerscould make a difference. | If true, the statement that crows retain the instinct to snare branches and small stones and that keeping crows produces its own waste would most support this group's suspicions. | not-entailment |
649 | Surrendering refers to the behavior of a criminal who takes the initiative to confess the crime to the public security organ, the people's procuratorate, the people's court or other relevant units after committing a crime, and is willing to accept legal action. | Li's surrendering behavior of confessing to a crime in front of evidence presented by the public security personnel is a typical surrendering behavior. | not-entailment |
546 | Witkeys refers to people who convert their wisdom, knowledge, ability and experience into actual benefits through the Internet. They make their knowledge, wisdom, experience and skills reflect economic value by solving problems in science, technology, work, life and learning on the Internet | If you want to download the full text of an academic paper from a website that has provided retrieval of academic papers for nearly 30 years, you have to charge a certain fee. | not-entailment |
14,508 | Critic: The idealized world portrayed in romance literature is diametrically opposed to the debased world portrayed in satirical literature. Nevertheless, the major characters in both types of works have moral qualities that reflect the worlds in which they are presented. Comedy and tragedy, meanwhile, require that the moral qualities of major characters change during the course of the action. Ttherefore, neither tragedy nor comedy can be classified as satirical literature or romance literature. | The critic's conclusion follows logically if it is assumed that the visions of the world portrayed in works of tragedy and works of comedy change during the course of the action. | not-entailment |
4,208 | A product is slow to sell, either because of poor quality, or because the price is too high, or because the advertising promotion is not done well. After analysis, the quality of the product is very good. | The product is not sold because the price is too high, nor because the advertising promotion is not done well is based on the above materials. | not-entailment |
9,783 | Science and art are like the two sides of a coin, which are based on human creativity and pursue the universality of truth. Scientific communication is also a kind of creative activity, in which practitioners transform science into content that is easy for the public to understand by various means and ways, so as to realize communication, stimulate people's awareness and appreciation of science, and form an objective and rational attitude towards science. In this process, it is also necessary to combine science with art. From the perspective of academic peer communication, many famous academic journals have artistic covers, which are the result of the combination of science and art. Science communication for the general public needs to combine education with fun, and its significance is nothing more than to emphasize that the dissemination of information should be grafted into artistic means, so as to touch the nerves of the public and resonate with them. | The most suitable title for this passage is 'Science communication is also an art'. | entailment |
9,027 | In recent years, there has been a popular argument in western public opinion that huge demand from China has led to soaring prices of raw materials such as oil, grain, steel and so on. | The statement 'Between July and September this year, demand from China was still growing, but the price of oil on the international market plummeted by nearly 1/3' can raise the greatest challenge to the above argument. | entailment |
13,288 | In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease. An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville' s public water supply has had a high level of pollutants. Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville' s water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease. | Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted does not provide additional support for the researchers' hypothesis. | entailment |
5,982 | Biometrics refers to the way people use computers and optics, acoustics, high-tech tools such as biosensors and biostatistics combine and use the body's inherent physiological features (such as veins, faces, irises, fingerprints, etc.) and behavioral features (such as handwriting, voice, gait, etc.) to determine the identity of the individual. | Based on the above definition, a secret-related place setting up strict access control where people can enter only after the password is correctly entered and the name of the staff member with access rights is handwritten on the resistance screen is most likely to use biometrics. | not-entailment |
3,873 | The content of the law of exclusion is that in the same thinking process, two contradictory thoughts for the same object must be true and not false at the same time. The content of the law of contradiction is: in the same thinking process, any thought They cannot conflict with each other, and they cannot affirm a thought and negate it at the same time; because a thought and its negation cannot be both true at the same time. | According to the above definition, they think that socialist consciousness should not be instilled into the minds of young people, but they think that it is wrong to deny this statement violates the law of exclusion. | entailment |
14,986 | Citizen: Our legislators need to act quickly to counter the effects of the recession, especially the present level of unemployment, which is the highest ever. We urgently need a major tax cut for our upper-income citizens. There would then be a correspondingly large increase in investment that would create new jobs. If this measure is not taken, investment will not grow. | The assumption that the greater the tax cut given to a group of people, the more likely it is that members of that group will invest the money is required for the citizen's argument. | not-entailment |
2,595 | Mutual respect is the basis of mutual understanding, and mutual understanding is the premise of mutual trust. In the interaction between people, self-respect and self-confidence are also very important. No one respects people who have no self-respect. No one trusts anyone he doesn't respect. | People who do not respect themselves are not trusted by anyone can be drawn from the above statement. | entailment |
9,021 | In recent years, the number of Sichuan restaurants in big cities in China is increasing. This shows that more people choose to go to restaurants instead of entertaining guests at home. | Sichuan restaurants are more popular than other restaurants in big cities all over the country must be true in order for the above conclusion to be true. | not-entailment |
12,471 | Dietitian: Many diet-conscious consumers are excited about new fake fat products designed to give food the flavor and consistency of fatty foods, yet without fat' s harmful effects. Consumers who expect the new fat substitute to help them lose weight arc likely to be disappointed, however. Research has shown that when people knowingly or unknowingly eat foods containing fake fat, they tend to take in at least as many additional calories as are saved by eating fake fat. | The conclusion of the dietitian's argument is that people tend to take in a certain number of daily calories, no matter what types of food they eat. | not-entailment |
7,453 | The slogan at the entrance of a forest farm clearly reads, No destruction of forests! Violators will be fined! One day, a nearby villager Yang went to the forest farm to cut down a tree and was waiting to be transported down the mountain by the forest ranger. Zhang found that Zhang not only criticized Yang, but also asked for a fine on Yang. Yang was dissatisfied with the fierce debate between the two sides. Yang said, I cut down a tree, not a forest, you should not fine me. | Zhang's logical rebuttal is that those who destroy the forest will be fined. A tree you cut is also a forest. | not-entailment |
9,392 | There is a very complex relationship between genes, traits and diseases. the most primitive way to decipher this relationship is the gene linkage analysis established in the middle of the last century: by comparing the similarities and differences of chromosome bands or genetic markers of different members of families affected by genetic diseases, locate disease-causing genes on chromosomes. This method has made a lot of achievements in the study of single-gene genetic diseases, but its disadvantage is that the resolution is limited, so it is difficult to accurately locate a single gene. | The main content of this text is that there are obvious defects in the method of gene linkage analysis. | entailment |
13,573 | Alissa: If, as the mayor says, the city can no longer continue to fund both the children' s museum and local children' s television programming, then it should cease funding the television programming. The interactive character of the exhibits at the museum makes for a richer educational experience than watching television, which is largely passive. Greta: We should stop funding the museum, not the television programming, because, as the mayor has also pointed out, the museum reaches a much smaller audience. | On the basis of their statements, it can be inferred that Alissa and Greta disagree on whether the city should cease funding local children's television programming if continuing to fund it would mean that the city would have to cease funding the children's museum. | entailment |
11,013 | A law is successful primarily because the behavior it prescribes has attained the status of custom. Just as manners are observed not because of sanctions attached to them but because, through repetition, contrary behavior becomes unthinkable, so societal laws are obeyed not because the behavior is ethically required or because penalties await those who act otherwise, but because to act otherwise would be uncustomary. | As with manners and other customs, laws vary from society to society is utilized by the argument. | not-entailment |
10,474 | Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way. | The option 'If God does not exist, we choose to believe in God, which will lead to our wrong understanding of the world and muddle through our lives' best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument. | not-entailment |
11,130 | If the flowers Drew received today had been sent by someone who knows Drew well, that person would have known that Drew prefers violets to roses. Yet Drew received roses. On the other hand, if the flowers had been sent by someone who does not know Drew well, then that person would have sent a signed card with the flowers. Yet Drew received no card. Ttherefore, the florist must have made some sort of mistake: either Drew was supposed to receive violets, or a card, or these flowers were intended for someone else. | Some people send flowers for a reason other than the desire to please most weakens the argument. | entailment |
3,804 | Sea election refers to a direct election in which no candidate is nominated. | The option 'Daxing village election village secretary, the use of self-recommendation, voters vote, get more votes elected method' is not a sea selection. | not-entailment |
5,287 | Social values are the concept of helping others held by social workers. It is a kind of altruism and respects the rights and choices of recipients. It believes that social work is a real service process, not the power of social workers in their hands. | Views on helping activities does not belong to social values. | not-entailment |
6,389 | In fact, a kind of cultural poverty is shadowing criticism as old arts such as fiction and drama fade from the limelight and give way to new arts such as film and television,a kind of cultural poverty is hanging over all kinds of criticism. In the face of a powerful industrial culture , cultural criticism has become almost promotional advertising. | Cultural poverty makes all kinds of cultural criticism impossible is what the passage means that a kind of cultural poverty is overshadowing all kinds of criticism. | not-entailment |
4,392 | Robbery is an act of forcibly seizing public and private property by violence, coercion or other means on the spot for the purpose of illegal possession. | Zheng riding a motorcycle saw Tian walking with an exquisite leather bag, pulling the leather bag belt from behind and trying to grab the leather bag belongs to robbery. | entailment |
15,004 | Most hospitals have treatment options for cancer patients. All hospitals are able to treat all kinds of burn victims as well as all kinds of Neurology disorders. Ttherefore, there must be some hospitals that treat both cancer and burn victims and some hospitals that treat both cancer and Neurology disorders. | The pattern of flawed reasoning in which the argument 'Most certainly, most insects are helpful to humans, for almost all insects have an exoskeleton or three parts (a head, thorax, and abdomen), or both, and there are some insects that are helpful to humans and have exoskeletons and some that are helpful to humans and have three parts' is most parallel to that in the argument above. | not-entailment |
4,439 | Song Jiang, Lin Chong and Wu Song each bought a car, namely BMW, Audi and Land Rover. Wu Yong guessed that Song Jiang chose Land Rover, Lin Chong would not choose Audi, and Wu Song certainly did not choose Land Rover, but he only guessed the choice of one of them. | Song Jiang chose Audi, Lin Chong chose BMW and Wu Song chose Land Rover can be inferred. | entailment |
11,978 | J. J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron and a recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics, trained many physicists, among them seven Nobel Prize winners, 32 fellows of the Royal Society of London, and 83 professors of physics. This shows that the skills needed for creative research can be taught and learned. | J. J. Thomson was an internationally known physicist, and scientists came from all over the world to work with him is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
714 | A unit plans to organize trade union activities to visit the nearby ancient town. It needs to count the number of participants. Xiao Chen said: if it doesn't rain, I have no reason not to go. Xiao Wang said: January 1 is my child's birthday, and I must accompany him at home. As long as it doesn't happen on this day, I can't go. Xiao Liu said: if it rains, I won't go. Xiao Zhang said: if someone goes, I will go. December 29 On Tuesday, the person in charge of the trade union informed that the trade union activity was scheduled for the day after tomorrow. I hope everyone can make arrangements, and the weather forecast says it is impossible to rain this week | This leads to Xiao Zhang will go, Xiao Wang won't. | entailment |
5,316 | The development and utilization of limited natural resources, the allocation of public resources, and the market access of specific industries directly related to public interests can establish administrative licenses. Administrative agencies shall make decisions on these matters through fair competition such as bidding and auctions. Where laws and administrative regulations have other provisions, follow those provisions. Based on this provision, the use and allocation of a large number of limited public resources in society can set administrative licenses. And licenses in this field are franchises. | According to the above definition, tobacco monopoly license and production license of narcotic drugs belong to administrative franchise. | entailment |
7,636 | A few milliseconds of reaction time is critical when a speeding car needs to brake immediately. Sometimes, just a few meters away is the key to life and death. Recently, researchers used a simulated driving system and eye tracking technology to test the speed at which five groups of subjects responded to moving traffic signs. It was found that moving traffic signs did make subjects react more quickly. Therefore, they suggested that the relevant departments should replace all the original traffic warning signs with more dynamic signs in order to improve the reaction speed of drivers. | If true, the statement 'When drivers understand the practical significance of the more dynamic traffic warning signs, their reaction speed will be reduced to the previous level' is the best indicator that the researchers' recommendations are not meeting their goals. | entailment |
14,223 | Pandas are rapidly disappearing from the wild. Ttherefore, in order to preserve the species, existing pandas should be captured and placed in zoos around the world. | The statement 'Many zoos are eager to increase their stock of rare and exotic animals, but there are not enough pandas for all the zoos that want one' casts most doubt on the conclusion drawn above. | not-entailment |
3,068 | When many people browse the Internet, once they encounter the content that goes directly to the heart, the first thing is to find the QR code for forwarding, scan the phone quickly, store it, and share it at any time, which has become an unimaginative rule. On social media, negative emotions are often triggered by retweeted content, such as jealousy, slowness, or even anger, and the more controversial opinions and claims are, the more likely they are to be forwarded. Wharton School professors found that anger tops the list of easily shared emotions on social media, a study of China's Weibo service found. Rage spreads faster than happiness, sadness and disgust. Reflex retweets make people become indiscriminate responders, thinking less and less independently. | The negative retweet of social media is the most suitable title for this paragraph. | entailment |
11,808 | Critics: Not so. The farms the academy selected to study were the ones that seemed most likely to be successful in using natural methods. What about the farmers who have tried such methods and failed? Which one of the following is the most adequate evaluation of the logical force of the critics' response? | The statement that "it is not relevant whether the instances studied were representative" is the issue in the Science Academy study. | entailment |
12,751 | John wants to win the annual Mayfield raffle next year because he needs the Mayfield raffle' s prize. If he enters more than one raffle next year, the likelihood of his winning one of them would be greater than if he entered only a single raffle. Hence, to have this greater likelihood of winning the Mayfield prize, John should enter several other raffles next year. | The flaw in reasoning exhibited by the argument is confusing the likelihood that at least one event in a set of events will occur with the likelihood that a designated event in that set will occur. | entailment |
11,043 | In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Yet Highway Safety Department records show that making use of headlights mandatory at all times does nothing to reduce the overall number of collisions. | The statement 'Only very careful drivers use headlights when their use is not legally required' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above. | entailment |
12,941 | Carrillo: Using the number of existing primate species, along with measures of the genetic diversify among these primates and among the extinct primate species, our statistical model strongly supports the conclusion that the first primate developed around 81. 5 million years ago. Olson: Given that the oldest primate fossils discovered so far date back only 55 million years, your estimate of how long primate species' development has gone on is sheer speculation. | The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Carrillo and Olson disagree over whether the available sample of primate fossils is representative of the variety of primate species that have existed. | not-entailment |
10,420 | After all the cold dishes of a banquet are served, there are seven hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan cuisine: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese cuisine: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions :(1) neither sichuan cuisine nor cantonese cuisine can be served consecutively. (2) P cannot go up before Q unless the second one goes up Q. (3) P must go up before X. (4) M must go up before K, and K must go up before N. | The fourth one goes K may be true if the third is M. | not-entailment |
10,919 | In 1883, the Indonesian island Krakatoa, home to a massive volcano, seemingly disappeared overnight as an eruption rent the entire island apart, catapulting rock and debris into the atmosphere. For the next few years, as ash circled the entire globe, the average world temperature dropped by several degrees Fahrenheit. Ttherefore, an eruption of similar power in terms of the amount of debris ejected into the atmosphere will likely cause the average temperature around the world to drop by several degrees. | The statement 'The eruption of the Indonesian island of Tambora was even larger than that of Krakatoa, yet the average world temperature did not drop as much as it did following the eruption of Krakatoa' best challenges the main claim of the argument. | not-entailment |
2,668 | In the bidding process of a certain project, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, Sun Bin, Li Ting, Zhou Wu and Wu Ji participated in the bid as representatives of their respective companies, and only one person won the bid. Three members of the bidding group expressed their own views on who was the winning bidder: (1) the winning bidder was either Zhao Jia or Qian Yi; (2) the winning bidder was not Sun Bin; and (3) Zhou Wu and Wu Ji did not win the bid. After in-depth investigation, it is found that the view of only one of the above three people is correct. | Based on the above information, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, and Li Ting can be determined not to win the bid. | entailment |
3,323 | According to medical records, the global incidence of cancer in the second half of the 20th century than the first half of the increase of nearly 10 times, become a threat to human life of the first killer. This shows that the global ecological imbalance caused by the rapid economic development marked by high technology in the second half of the 20th century is an important cause of cancer. | The statement 'High technology has greatly improved the accuracy of medical diagnosis and the coverage of such accurate medical diagnosis in the world' can weaken the above argument. | entailment |
1,300 | Change the concept of development and effectively enhance the consciousness and firmness of coordinated development. Our party puts forward the concept of coordinated development in order to make up for the shortcomings of development and solve the problem of unbalanced development. Although China's economic and social development has made great achievements, there are also problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. There is an urgent need to change the concept of development, especially to enhance the integrity of development, coordination. In the current decisive period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must change our ideas, unify our thoughts and actions with the new development concept, correctly handle the major relations in development, broaden the development space in coordinated development, strengthen the potential for development in making up for shortcomings, enhance the country's soft power while enhancing the country's hard power, and make the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, synchronous lifting. | The concept of development and the problem of unbalanced development are intended to be emphasized. | entailment |
5,255 | Scientists have recently discovered that the small dinosaur named Cheng Hiu Ting Lung is the relative of Archaeopteryx and is very closely related to Archaeopteryx that lived in the late Jurassic. By analyzing the morphology of Archaeopteryx and comparing bird-like dinosaurs with The phylogenetic relationship of early birds was re-analyzed, and it was concluded that Archaeopteryx was not a bird, but a primitive Deinonychus. That is, Archaeopteryx is the ancestor of Velociraptor, not the ancestor of birds. | The statement 'Deinonychus is a kind of bird closely related to dinosaurs' best questions the above conjecture. | not-entailment |
446 | Scientists found that one of the main reasons for the rapid increase of diabetes in children under the age of 5 is that they are not exposed to bacteria and germs in childhood. Those who live in rural areas have more opportunities to get along with pets because of the earlier exposure to the substances carrying bacteria, and the risk of allergies, asthma, eczema and other diseases is very low. An environment in which bacteria are eliminated too thoroughly may harm children's health. | The statement 'Most bacteria are good for health, and people's health and longevity are inseparable from normal flora' can best support the above conclusion if true. | entailment |
12,712 | Most popular historical films are not documentaries; they are dramatic presentations of historical events. Such presentations cannot present the evidence for the accuracy of what they portray. Consequently, uninformed viewers of dramatic historical films should not regard them as accurate portrayals of historical events. | The principle that one should never regard a historical account to be accurate unless one has considered the evidence on which it is based most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument. | entailment |
911 | There are many drugs that can clear away heat in modern medicine, such as aspirin. Aspirin can reduce fever because prostaglandin E2 is the messenger that tells the brain to hypothermia, and aspirin can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. So aspirin is a good medicine for clearing away heat. | If the above argument is to be established, Prostaglandin E2 can affect body temperature can be supplemented as a premise. | not-entailment |
6,847 | Each biological cell can be seen as a miniature battery or a miniature magnetic pole. After accurately measuring the magnetic activity of the human body, it is believed that the sources of biological magnetism may be: (1) the magnetic field produced by the movement of biological charge, (2) the induction field produced by biomagnetic materials, that is, some substances in living tissues have certain magnetism, the induced magnetic field produced by them under the action of geomagnetic field or external magnetic field, and (3) the magnetic field produced by strong magnetic materials in living organisms. | There is an electric charge in the organism, which moves to produce a magnetic field does not meet the meaning of this paragraph. | not-entailment |
13,233 | Downtown Petropolis boasted over 100 large buildings 5 years ago. Since then, 60 of those buildings have been demolished. Since the number of large buildings in a downtown is an indicator of the economic health of that downtown, it is clear that downtown Petropolis is in a serious state of economic decline. | Significantly fewer than 60 new large buildings have been built in downtown Petropolis during the past 5 years is an assumption required by the argument. | entailment |
12,657 | Residents at a retirement community always play card games for two hours, starting at 3: 00 p. m. every afternoon. Although it is clear that the residents take pleasure in this activity, they never continue their games for longer than two hours. Caregivers assume that since card games require great concentration and strain on the elderly residents' eyes, playing for more than two hours would give the residents headaches that would interfere with their ability to play bingo in the evenings. | Residents at the retirement community are served dinner at 5:00 p.m. every evening most seriously calls into question the caregivers' explanation. | entailment |
11,414 | Factory manager: One reason the automobile parts this factory produces are expensive is that our manufacturing equipment is outdated and inefficient. Our products would be more competitively priced if we were to refurbish the factory completely with new, more efficient equipment. Ttherefore, since to survive in today' s market we have to make our products more competitively priced, we must completely refurbish the factory in order to survive. | The reasoning in the factory manager's argument is flawed because this argument fails to make a definite recommendation and instead merely suggests that some possible course of action might be effective. | not-entailment |
11,075 | Quality control investigator: Upon testing samples of products from our supplier that were sent by our field inspectors from various manufacturing locations, our laboratory discovered that over 20 percent of the samples were defective. Since our supplier is contractually required to limit the rate of defects among items it manufactures for us to below 5 percent, it has violated its contract with us. | The quality control investigator's argument is flawed because it presumes, without providing justification, that the field inspectors were just as likely to choose a defective item for testing as they were to choose a nondefective item. | not-entailment |
9,027 | In recent years, there has been a popular argument in western public opinion that huge demand from China has led to soaring prices of raw materials such as oil, grain, steel and so on. | Between July and September this year, demand from China was still growing, but the price of oil on the international market plummeted by nearly 1/3 can raise the greatest challenge to the above argument. | entailment |
6,968 | According to the price theory, the cost is the basic component of the product value, which determines the lowest limit of the product price. If the price is lower than the cost, the enterprise will not be profitable; the market demand affects the customer's understanding of the product value, and then determines the upper limit of the product price; while the market competition condition adjusts the price to fluctuate constantly between the upper limit and the lower limit and finally determines the market price of the product. | The main content of this text is that the pricing of enterprise products is bound to be higher than the cost regardless of market demand and market competition. | not-entailment |
11,955 | Whenever an artist endowed with both a high level of artistic skill and a high degree of creativity combines these two abilities in the process of creating an artwork, the resulting product is a great work of art. Moreover, no work of art can be great unless both of these elements are combined in its execution. Thus, great works of art are necessarily rare. | A high degree of creativity and a high level of artistic skill are seldom combined in the creation of a work of art is an assumption required by the argument. | entailment |
1,835 | The specific stage of social development defines the corresponding social culture, the specific social culture determines the corresponding wealth culture, and the specific wealth culture determines the corresponding concept of wealth. Only when the concept of wealth taken from the people and used by the people has become the more common social judgment and pursuit of the value of wealth, only those entrepreneurs who really understand and identify with the wealth philosophy of even if they run out of money will start all over again and are keen on philanthropy will emerge in large numbers. | The main point of view supported by this passage is that the stage of social development determines the specific charity entrepreneur. | not-entailment |
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