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10,877 | Mayor of Smalltown: Instituting high taxes on sodas, which are currently untaxed in Smalltown, has been shown in the past year to encourage people to reduce their intake of soda and live healthier lifestyles. Because the effects of such taxes on local businesses have not yet been determined, though, I believe we should wait before implementing such a tax. Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now. | The statement 'the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases' is the reason why the activist's argument is flawed. | not-entailment |
11,035 | Funding opponent: Some people favor city funding for the spaying and neutering of pets at the owners' request. They claim that the decrease in the number of stray animals to contend with will offset the cost of the funding. These people fail to realize that over 80 percent of pet owners already pay to spay or neuter their animals, so there will not be a significant decrease in the number of stray animals in the city if this funding is provided. | Many pet owners would have their animals spayed or neutered sooner if funding were provided by the city weakens the argument of the funding opponent. | entailment |
11,043 | In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Yet Highway Safety Department records show that making use of headlights mandatory at all times does nothing to reduce the overall number of collisions. | The statement 'A law making use of headlights mandatory at all times is not especially difficult to enforce' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above. | not-entailment |
8,138 | Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness. | Generosity can increase happiness is one of the reasons why people treat others generously according to this passage. | entailment |
14,374 | Most bicycle helmets provide good protection for the top and back of the head, but little or no protection for the temple regions on the sides of the head. A study of head injuries resulting from bicycle accidents showed that a large proportion were caused by blows to the temple area. Ttherefore, if bicycle helmets protected this area, the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents would be greatly reduced especially since __. | The bone in the temple area is relatively thin and impacts in that area are thus very likely to cause brain injury most logically completes the passage. | entailment |
9,619 | A study of grass-roots workers in an enterprise shows that grass-roots workers who use social software are significantly less likely to suffer from diabetes, mental illness and ischemic heart disease than those who do not use social software. Accordingly, the managers of the company believe that the use of social software is beneficial to the health of grass-roots workers. | The statement 'The grass-roots workers of the enterprise are under great pressure, and people with physical and mental health use social software after work' will most weaken the above managers' conclusions. | entailment |
3,695 | The influenza virus mutates so fast that even if the vaccine is updated every year, there is no guarantee that the vaccination will cover all the seasonal epidemic. Influenza vaccination does not guarantee a 100% protection against influenza, and may also lead to side effects such as low fever in vaccinated people. Therefore, there is no need to be vaccinated against influenza. | The statement 'Only a very small number of people will have a systemic reaction after flu vaccine, and it can be relieved in one or two days, which is much lighter than flu symptoms' does not effectively refute the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
3,790 | The Gini coefficient is an important indicator to measure the degree of inequality in distribution. It is generally believed in the international community that when the Gini coefficient is lower than 0.2, it means the absolute average income; 0.3-0.4 means relatively reasonable; 0.4-0.5 means a large income gap; 0.6 or more means the income gap Great disparity. | The option "The Gini coefficient can take any value between zero and 1. The more equal the income distribution, the smaller the Gini coefficient" is incorrect based on the conclusions from the above. | not-entailment |
7,808 | In order to implement the best cooperation, when determining the composition of the players in a volleyball match, the three coaches of A, B and C expressed their views on whether Xiao Wang and Xiao Li are on the court as follows:A: Only Xiao Wang plays the game, Xiao Li plays the game. B: If Xiao Wang plays the game, Xiao Li plays the game. C: Either Xiao Wang plays the game, or Xiao Li plays the game. | The impossible conclusion on this basis is that for three people, two are fake and one is real. | not-entailment |
424 | Recently, due to the influence of abnormal weather, the grape production in Turpan has decreased, and the price has increased by 50% over the same period last year, which has greatly increased the cost of wine brewing industry. It is estimated that the wine price will increase significantly compared with last year. | In addition to Turpan, other regions can also provide grapes weakens the above view most. | entailment |
5,496 | Inertial thinking is a special psychological preparation or tendency for activities caused by previous activities, which is manifested in that it solves a problem this time. The next time it encounters a similar problem or seemingly the same problem, it can't help but follow the way or order of the last thought | The statement "When the situation remains unchanged, inertial thinking is conducive to solving problems quickly" cannot be launched by the above paragraph. | not-entailment |
9,107 | According to the content of 27 kinds of essential nutrient elements to evaluate the nutritional value, the nutritional value of vegetables with high water content is low. The water content of Chinese yam is low, so the nutritional value of Chinese yam will be high. | Stars emit their own light, and Venus is not a star, so Venus does not emit its own light has the same form as the above reasoning. | entailment |
7,700 | Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change. | The bedroom is decorated with warm colors to make people feel warm takes advantage of synaesthesia. | entailment |
11,981 | Over the past twenty-five years the introduction of laborsaving technologies has greatly reduced the average amount of time a worker needs to produce a given output, potentially both reducing the number of hours each worker works each week and increasing workers' leisure time correspondingly. The average amount of leisure time per worker, however, has increased at only half the rate at which the average hourly output per worker has grown. | The average hourly output per worker has not risen as much as had been anticipated when modern labor-saving technologies were first introduced is most strongly supported by the statements above. | not-entailment |
2,844 | People generally believe that happiness can increase health, is conducive to longevity, while unhappy is the direct cause of poor health, but recently researchers have found that after the survey of more than 300 people living conditions, happy or not happy does not mean that the risk of death will become lower or higher, accordingly they pointed out that the disease could lead to unhappiness, But unhappiness itself is not detrimental to health. | A person with a low risk of death does not mean good health, and a high risk of death does not mean bad health would challenge the researchers' argument. | entailment |
6,753 | In order to increase the freshness of the news, many reports will choose the micro-cut of the small incision, and the economic news report is no exception. But in practice, this kind of report often makes the reader's perception too piecemeal and one-sided. For example, in the report of the financial crisis, tourism is deserted, real estate is unsalable at one time, and middle-class white-collar workers dare not spend it at the same time. What does the whole picture look like? At this time, the overall awareness of micro-cut is very important. | The author's attitude towards the micro-cut of economic news is to be opposed to it. | not-entailment |
4,762 | If Brazil protests to the United Nations or Chile calls for a plenary meeting of Latin American countries, Argentina will mobilize troops. | Accordingly, it cannot be introduced that if Brazil protests to the United Nations, then Argentina will mobilize troops. | not-entailment |
10,309 | Some people think that watching violence in TV programs will lead to the actual aggressive behavior of the audience, can it be said that just watching other people eat can feed their own stomach? | The inference 'Some people think that nationalism has a certain reason. can it be said that nationalism has not been used as an excuse for crime?' is most similar to the one used above. | not-entailment |
4,010 | The Carell formula means that we are in a position where we can concentrate on solving problems only if we force ourselves to face the worst-case scenario and accept it mentally. | A Jun's stock trading routine was very depressed. Later, he figured it out. He studied to be an ostrich, didn't look at stocks, and focused on his work. A few years later, his career was successful belongs to the Carell formula according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
1,828 | A farmer tied an iron ring to the trunk of an elm tree on his farm to facilitate the tying of cattle. As the iron circle of the elm tree grew slowly, the skin of the mathematical elm tree left a deep scar.A year later, it was found that all the elm trees dozens of miles away from elm disease died, but the elm tree which was tied with an iron ring and left a deep scar survived. Botanical studies found that it absorbed a large amount of iron from the rust ring to develop immunity to fungi. | The truth of this passage is that a strong life can turn harm into wealth and strength. | not-entailment |
11,981 | Over the past twenty-five years the introduction of laborsaving technologies has greatly reduced the average amount of time a worker needs to produce a given output, potentially both reducing the number of hours each worker works each week and increasing workers' leisure time correspondingly. The average amount of leisure time per worker, however, has increased at only half the rate at which the average hourly output per worker has grown. | The statement 'Twenty-five years ago the average weekly output per worker was less than it is today' is most strongly supported by the statements above if they are true. | entailment |
4,944 | Other depository companies: refers to all depository companies except the central bank, which mainly carry out activities such as absorbing deposits, issuing loans and creating deposits. my country calls them deposit currency banks. | City Credit Union does not belong to other depository companies. | not-entailment |
7,997 | Every time the government introduces an economic policy, it will change the income expectations of some interest groups. Out of self-interest, these interest groups always try to offset the loss caused by the policy through various behavior choices. At this time, if the government really changes the original policy, the result will not only invalidate the policy issued by the government, but also make the government's ability of economic regulation and control decline continuously due to the loss of credibility. | The main statement of this passage is that the government must continue to implement the policies it has formulated. | entailment |
5,567 | People who regularly take part in diving are generally healthier than those who do not take part in diving. It can be seen that diving exercise can exercise and improve physical health. | Most people in poor health do not take part in diving exercises that are dangerous challenges the above argument. | entailment |
5,235 | Roller skating seems to be bad for people with sprained legs, foot ligaments and joints, but orthopaedic surgeons have found that roller skating is a rehabilitation measure for patients with joint and ligament diseases. | This kind of exercise is good for the joints is correct. | entailment |
1,716 | On February 18, the 59th Session of the United Nations General Assembly's Legal Committee adopted a political declaration by a vote of 71 to 31, with 43 abstentions, calling on all countries to ban any form of human cloning that is contrary to human dignity. After 3 days of fierce debate, the law Committee of the 18th afternoon still failed to reach an agreement on the wording of the UN Declaration on human cloning. That evening, countries for and against therapeutic cloning agreed to put to a vote the proposed declaration supported by their respective camps. The proposal put forward by Honduras, which opposes therapeutic cloning, was adopted after oIS member states declared that they would not support either proposal. The United States, Germany, the Netherlands and Brazil voted in favor, while the Chinese government voted against. | The declaration is non-binding because it simply calls on countries to draft and implement laws banning human cloning in any form, and is not mandatory is not the correct reason for voting against the Chinese government. | entailment |
12,507 | In a transportation company, a certain syndrome often attributed to stress by medical experts afflicts a significantly higher percentage of workers in Department F than in any other department. We can conclude, ttherefore, that the work done in Department F subjects workers to higher stress levels than does the work in the other departments in the company. | Many workers who transfer into Department F from elsewhere in the company soon begin to develop the syndrome most helps to support the argument. | entailment |
4,566 | Pregnant women are prone to vitamin deficiency. Some people believe that this is not caused by lack of vitamins in the diet, but usually due to the large demand for vitamins when babies grow up in the abdomen. | The daily diet of a pregnant woman lacking vitamins was tested to determine the content of vitamins is the most important operation in order to evaluate the accuracy of the above conclusions. | not-entailment |
8,691 | In one study, 51 volunteers from middle school students were divided into a test group and a control group and trained in the same math skills. During the five-day training, the researchers used a technique called transcranial random noise stimulation to deliver mild shocks to areas of the brain thought to be related to computing power in 25 members of the test group. The results of subsequent tests showed that the ability to perform mathematical operations of the members of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. To their surprise, the improvement of this ability can last at least half a year. As a result, the researchers believe that to deliver mild shocks in the brain can improve the brain's ability to calculate. | The statement 'Subjects with delivering mild shocks to the brain were more concerned about their behavior and were more focused during the test' best supports the above view of the researchers. | not-entailment |
4,543 | The gymnocypris przewalskii in Qinghai Lake is a rare fish, but since the 1950s, people began to catch a large number of gymnocypris przewalskii, resulting in the reduction of gymnocypris przewalskii resources from the initial 320000 tons to an average of 4000 tons per year. By 2013, the gymnocypris przewalskii resources were only 68000 tons. An expert believes that at this rate, the gymnocypris przewalskii in Qinghai Lake will be extinct in more than ten years. | The statement 'The gymnocypris przewalskii has been listed as an endangered species in the red list of species in China, and a number of measures have been taken for effective protection' best refutes the expert's point of view. | entailment |
309 | The main purpose of professional education is to help college students master the basic knowledge of their respective professional fields as comprehensively as possible, while the purpose of general education is to help college students gain the meaning and value of life. Therefore, some experts pointed out that compared with professional education, general education has a greater impact on personal future life. | The statement 'If a person does not have professional knowledge, he may be able to live. If he has no value pursuit, he will be just a soulless body' best supports the expert's assertion. | entailment |
12,564 | Sanderson intentionally did not tell his cousin about overhearing someone say that the factory would close, knowing that if he withheld this information, his cousin would assume it would remain open. Clearly this was morally wrong. After all, lying is morally wrong. And making a statement with the intention of misleading someone is lying. True, it was Sanderson' s failing to state something that misled his cousin. Yet there is no moral difference between stating and failing to state if they are done with the same intention. | Sanderson had something to gain by his cousin's continuing to believe that the factory would remain open is an assumption required by the argument. | not-entailment |
10,341 | Expert: only when the property right of an item is clearly defined and can be traded, can the true value of the item be reflected. We say that we should protect the interests of the peasants. if we do not even know what the peasants' best interests are, how can we protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That's the homestead. Only by fully reflecting the value of homestead can we really protect the interests of farmers. | If the above statement is true, then as long as we find out what is the best interests of farmers, we can protect the interests of farmers. | not-entailment |
9,017 | A street comprehensive management committee has a total of 6 members: F, G, H, I, M and P. Each of these members shall serve as a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Management Committee. Each sub-committee consists of three different members. The known information is as follows: one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees. F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G. H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I. | If F is not a member of the same subcommittee as M, I and P must be members of the same subcommittee. | entailment |
14,319 | A company decided to scan all of its salespersons' important work that existed only in paper form into a central computer database that could be easily accessed using portable computers, thereby saving salespersons the effort of lugging their paper files all over the country. The project was a dismal failure, however; salespersons rarely accessed the database and continued to rely on many paper files, which they had refused to tum over to the staff responsible for creating the database. | The statement "All of the salespersons were required to attend a series of training sessions for the new database software even though many of them found the software easy to use even without training" most helps to account for the failure described above. | not-entailment |
10,897 | Until he was dismissed amid great controversy, Hastings was considered one of the greatest intelligence agents of all time. It is clear that if his dismissal was justified, then Hastings was either incompetent or else disloyal. Soon after the dismissal, however, it was shown that he had never been incompetent. Thus, one is forced to conclude that Hastings must have been disloyal. | Hastings's dismissal was justified is an assumption upon which the argument depends. | entailment |
11,151 | If there are any inspired performances in the concert, the audience will be treated to a good show. But there will not be a good show unless there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, and to be a sophisticated listener one must understand one' s musical roots. | If there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be inspired musical performances in the concert must also be true if all of the statements above are true. | not-entailment |
6,610 | Good officials should not only be honest in performing official duties, but also be able to do practical things. What the people expect is a reform official, and a promising official is not a non-official. It can be said that some cadres do not dare to do anything, dare not innovate, and are afraid of taking responsibility. Without a tolerant and harmonious entrepreneurial environment, cadres will be timid in their work and dare not surpass and explore, let alone reform and innovation. It is frightening to see some comrades held accountable for their mistakes. In order to promote cadres to dare to think and dare to do, it is necessary to adhere to the three zones, that is, to separate the mistakes made in advance and trial from those committed knowingly, to distinguish exploratory experiments from those who fail to abide by the law and to distinguish unintentional negligence from seeking self-interest. | Only by establishing a mechanism for discerning officials to explore innovative behavior can cadres dare to think and dare to do is intended to be described in the above paragraph. | entailment |
10,334 | People with depression have a strong suicidal tendency, and many people think that depression is a mental illness. In the middle of the 20th century, medical research found that the concentration of three neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) in the brain of depressed suicides is lower than that of normal people. Medical scientists speculate that it is the imbalance in the concentration of these three neurotransmitters that leads to depression. | The statement 'Depression is not only a psychological disease, but also an organic disease' will give the above medical scientists the strongest support for their conclusions. | not-entailment |
11,459 | Humans began to spread across North America around 12, 000 years ago, as the climate became warmer. During the same period the large mammals that were once abundant in North America, such as the mastodon, the woolly mammoth, and the saber-toothed tiger, became extinct. Thus, contrary to the myth that humans formerly lived in harmony with the rest of nature, it is clear that even 12, 000 years ago human activity was causing the extinction of animal species. | The argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that the evidence it cites is consistent with the alternative hypothesis that the large mammals' extinction was a direct result of the same change in climate that allowed humans to spread across North America. | entailment |
7,691 | Physicist Fermi famously proposed the Fermi paradox: Given the Milky Way's ancient age and other factors, if there really is intelligent life out there, they would have visited Earth long ago; But the truth is that when we look up at the stars, we face what is known as the Great Silence. The universe is silent and tranquil. | We may not have reached the level where we can find alien intelligent life is a judgment that does not account for the Fermi paradox. | not-entailment |
7,700 | Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change. | Camouflage clothing is a kind of uniform widely used in modern army takes advantage of synaesthesia. | not-entailment |
2,401 | As temperatures rise, so does the chance that tropical rainforests will be struck by lightning and start fires. However, current monitoring shows that although the American rainforest is hit by lightning more frequently, it does not cause more forest fires. The researchers believe that this may have something to do with the large increase in the number of vines in the rainforest in recent years. | The statement 'The stem of the vine has less resistance relative to the branch and can conduct lightning like a lightning rod on a building, allowing most of the current to flow from its own stem' can best support the above conclusion. | entailment |
299 | The column settings of a literary journal website are usually adjusted at any time based on reader feedback and page views. In September last year, a batch of new columns appeared on the revised website. Among them, 5 columns are serials of comedy and humor, 3 columns are serials of long-form science fiction novels, and 2 columns are literary criticism. As of January this year, only 7 of these newly launched columns are still being updated, 5 of which are serials of comedy and humor. | If the above statement is true, it can be inferred that there is only one column in the category of long-form science fiction novel that continues to be updated. | not-entailment |
13,752 | The folk medicine of many different cultures has extolled the use of garlic both to prevent and to cure many diseases. Modern medical research is absorbing some of these beliefs. Recent studies indicate that many of the more than 50 sulphur compounds that can be produced from garlic (depending upon whether it is boiled, fried in oil, or dried) have medicinal utility. Some of these compounds lower blood cholesterol, others reduce platelet clumping, while still others shrink some kinds of tumors. Other plants and herbs recommended by traditional medicine may also prove valuable for medicine generally. | The belief that garlic is an effective way to prevent or cure some diseases is not limited to a small number of closely related cultures is not supported by the information above. | not-entailment |
11,057 | In every case of political unrest in a certain country, the police have discovered that some unknown person or persons organized and fomented that unrest. Clearly, ttherefore, behind all the cases of political unrest in that country there has been a single mastermind who organized and fomented them all. | The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in the statement 'Every citizen of Edmonton has a social insurance number, so there must be one number that is the social insurance number for all citizens of Edmonton.' | entailment |
12,164 | Most commentators on Baroque painting consider Caravaggio an early practitioner of that style, believing that his realism and novel use of the interplay of light and shadow broke sharply with current styles of Caravaggio' s time and significantly influenced seventeenth-century Baroque painting. One must ttherefore either abandon the opinion of this majority of commentators or reject Mather' s definition of Baroque painting, which says that for any painting to be considered Baroque, it must display opulence, heroic sweep, and extravagance. | The assumption that opulence, heroic sweep, and extravagance are not present in Caravaggio's paintings is required for the proper conclusion of the argument. | entailment |
13,664 | When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income. | The vicious cycle described above could not result unless lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, and do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion. | entailment |
5,667 | Advantage enrichment effect is a starting point development theory, which means that the small advantage at the starting point will produce a greater level of advantage accumulation through the series amplification of the key process. | In order to expand its business, an education and training institution, like other training institutions, publicized by sending leaflets. Later, with the continuous expansion of its scale, the service quality also rose to a higher level and became a model in the industry is not dominant enrichment effects. | entailment |
13,388 | The effort involved in lying produces measurable physiological reactions such as a speedup of the heartbeat. Since lying is accompanied by physiological reactions, lie-detector tests that can detect these reactions are a sure way of determining when someone is lying. | For people who are not lying, the tension of taking a lie-detector test can produce physiological reactions identical to the ones that accompany the act of lying most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
5,864 | Skinner's operational conditioning theory is a fundamental part of the reinforcement principle.Skinner referred to reinforcement as any event in which conditioning increases the probability of an individual's operant response. He distinguished between two types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The increase in stimulus is positive reinforcement when there is an increase in the probability of an increase in a stimulus in the environment. And negative reinforcement occurs when a stimulus in the environment decreases while the probability of a behavioral response increases. | The teacher praised the students for their discipline in class is not positive reinforcement. | not-entailment |
6,873 | On the topic of education at the moment, there are often two armies confronting each other: on the one hand, there are education experts who say with all their heart that successful education must inspire students' interest; on the other side are parents and teachers who agree that exams are the only ones and scores are the top priority. Experts point out that such utilitarianism has ruthlessly stifled the children's nature and interest. However, under the conditions of insufficient high-quality educational resources, parents do not want to find ways to get their children to enter prestigious schools, what more wise choices can be made? | Parents' utilitarian choice can be inferred from this text to be out of helplessness. | entailment |
2,573 | In a certain institute, all the engineers are union members, some managers are masters, some engineers are masters, all union members have applied for credit cards, there is no manager to apply for credit cards. | A engineer who doesn't apply for a credit card is a counterexample of the above premise. | entailment |
11,416 | A proposed amendment would allow the city council to decide that certain city elections be conducted solely by mail. But voting is a sacred right in democracies, one that has always been exercised by voting in person and not by mail. Ttherefore, voting by mail should not be allowed, and the proposed amendment should be rejected. | The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument presents an appeal to tradition as the only reason for rejecting the proposal. | entailment |
11,121 | At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors. | The conclusion drawn above follows logically if it is assumed to be true at Tromen University that it is not possible to major in both biology and French literature. | entailment |
10,854 | Being near woodlands, the natural habitat of bees, promotes the health of crops that depend on pollination. Bees, the most common pollinators, visit flowers far from woodlands less often than they visit flowers close to woodlands. | The statement 'The likelihood that a plant is pollinated increases as the number of visits from pollinators increases' most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
12,260 | For the average person who needs a transfusion, blood from a relative is more likely to be infected with hepatitis than is blood from a blood bank. Ttherefore, the risk of contracting hepatitis from a transfusion is higher for people receiving blood from relatives than for people receiving blood from blood banks. | The statement 'Blood that is to be used in a transfusion is always screened for hepatitis' most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
1,692 | Modern scientific and technological achievements have created advanced medicine, extended human life and reduced newborn infant mortality. Coupled with the long period of peace after World War II, some countries adopted family planning policies very late, which has resulted in a stable reproductive era for mankind. The world's population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 6.4 billion by the end of the current world Economy. | The main argument supported is that the stable fertility period caused by a combination of many factors led to a large increase in population. | entailment |
12,120 | Dr. Schilling: Those who advocate replacing my country' s private health insurance system with. nationalized health insurance because of the rising costs of medical care fail to consider the high human costs that consumers pay in countries with nationalized insurance: access to high-technology medicine is restricted. Kidney transplants and open-heart surgery-familiar life-saving procedures are rationed. People are denied their right to treatments they want and need. Dr. Laforte: Your country' s reliance on private health insurance denies access even to basic, conventional medicine to the many people who cannot afford adequate health coverage. With nationalized insurance, rich and poor have equal access to life-saving medical procedures, and people' s right to decent medical treatment regardless of income is not violated. | In responding to Dr. Schilling, Dr. Laforte employs the argumentative strategy of showing that the objections raised by Dr. Schilling have no bearing on the question of which of the two systems under consideration is the superior system. | not-entailment |
5,731 | Recently, some foreign scholars and media have more concentrated reflections and criticisms on the Western democratic system, pointing out that Western democracy is declining. In this regard, some scholars believe that one of the reasons for the decline of Western democracy is its genetic defects. Western democracy is the establishment based on a hypothetical premise that rights are absolute. That is to say, rights and obligations are relative, but in the Western democratic model, the absoluteization of rights has become the mainstream, all kinds of rights are absolute, and individualism is supreme, and lack of social responsibility. | The statement 'The two parties in the United States often put their rights above the national interests and veto each other, jeopardizing the interests of the country and citizens' would best support the scholar's point of view. | entailment |
14,948 | The Aquipos toucan is able to use its long beak to reach inside apertures in a tree's bark and feed on the insects that dwell within and that are the toucan's main food source. Several noted ornithologists have speculated that because the toucan's beak is curved in a manner similar to the openings in the bark, the beak evolved so that the toucan can best take advantage of the insects lying deep inside. | The statement 'The Aquipos toucan is also able to use its beak to break bark, thereby accessing insects that dwell in the trunk' argues most strongly against the ornithologists' speculation. | entailment |
10,474 | Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way. | The option 'There are many religions in this world, each of which has powerful gods (gods) and they all impose unlimited punishments on those who do not believe in themselves' best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument. | entailment |
2,864 | A certain naval force has 7 ships of A, B, C, D, E, H, and G. It is planned to form two fleets to sail. There are 3 ships in the first formation and 4 ships in the second formation. The formation must meet the following conditions: (1) The aircraft carrier must be listed in the second formation; (2) E and C have at most one formation in the first formation; 3) A and C are not in the same formation; (4) If B is arranged in the first formation, D must also be arranged in the first formation. | If A is in the second formation, D must also be in the second formation. | not-entailment |
3,941 | Avalanches can put 40 to 50 tons of force on the surface of a hit object per square meter. The impact force is very striking. Avalanches can also cause violent oscillations in the air during their high-speed movement, a powerful blast of air in front of an avalanche faucet that resembles the blast wave of an atomic bomb. Avalanches are likely to be stopped at steep rock or sharp turns in river valleys. Avalanches, on the other hand, continue to move in the direction of avalanches, destroying forests, houses, overturning vehicles and choking people and animals. | An avalanche has a greater impact than an atomic bomb can be inferred from the statements above. | not-entailment |
2,313 | The input of most parents has a significant positive predictive effect on their children's academic investment.The degree of parental investment decreases with the increase of their children's grades.At the same time, most parents pay more attention to the investment in home tutoring, and lack of investment in their children's participation in community and school activities. The parenting style of parental independent support or control plays a moderating role in the relationship between parental investment and children's academic investment, and partly through the mediating variable of meeting the children's academic psychological needs. | The reduction of most parents' investment in their children's education means an increase in their children's grades can be inferred. | entailment |
7,041 | In the long process of evolution, food scarcity has always been the primary threat faced by mankind. Due to the uncertainty of food supply and the inability of food to be preserved for a long time, mankind has been living a full and hungry life. Individuals who can make the most effective use of food have survival advantages. After repeated famine choices, individuals with survival advantages and their genes, These genes can stimulate the secretion of a large amount of insulin after a full meal, so as to maximize the conversion and utilization of glucose in the blood. Although the cost of doing so may lead to obesity, the threat to survival caused by its harm to the body will not appear until middle age. For most of human history, The average life expectancy is less than 30 years. | The paragraph is intended to illustrate that human physiological structure is the result of natural selection. | not-entailment |
10,288 | Cross-species studies of animal populations have shown that cubs who are isolated from their mothers within a month of birth often show strong aggression. For example, when looking for food, he is aggressive and fighting for food, while other cubs give in and he is still fighting for food. The hypothesis that explains this phenomenon is that the aggressive problem is due to the lack of social training guided by parents at the newborn stage. | Chimpanzees who grew up in the socialized training environment of their parents were much less aggressive in mating conflicts than chimpanzees who did not grow up in this environment would most strongly strengthen the above argument. | entailment |
6,378 | In order to solve a series of global problems such as food security and energy shortage, the scientific community is stepping up its research on projects such as genetically modified food and clean new energy, with a view to leading people out of the food and energy crisis. From this we can see that the development of science no longer strictly follows this conventional route: scientific problems no longer originate from simple, pictorial scientific curiosity. Science in the routine era is coming. | Science in the routine era in this passage means scientific research emerging to meet industry needs. | not-entailment |
13,504 | John of Worcester, an English monk, recorded the sighting, on December 8, 1128, of two unusually large sunspots. Five days later a brilliant aurora borealis (northern lights) was observed in southern Korea. Sunspot activity is typically followed by the appearance of an aurora borealis, after a span of time that averages five days. Thus, the Korean sighting helps to confirm John of Worcester' s sighting. | Only heavy sunspot activity could have resulted in an aurora borealis viewable at a latitude as low as that of Korea most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
10,205 | There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H and I along the eastern coast of a country, which are arranged in a straight line from north to south. At the same time, it is found that: (1) F is adjacent to H and to the north of H. (2) I and E are adjacent. (3) G is somewhere to the north of F. | The possible order of the group of islands is 5 if G is found to be the northernmost island. | not-entailment |
7,123 | The harmful behavior of omission refers to the negative behavior, that is, the actor does not perform or actively perform his legal obligations, resulting in the consequences of endangering the society. | According to the above definition, abandoning the baby at the railway station after giving birth, causing him to be seriously frozen is a harmful behavior of omission. | entailment |
5,132 | Administrative counterpart refers to a citizen, a legal person or other organization in a managed position in administrative management. | A company is an administrative counterpart when it applies to the municipal government for administrative reconsideration is correct according to the above definition. | entailment |
12,536 | To qualify as a medical specialist, one must usually graduate from a university, then complete approximately four years of medical school, followed by a residency of two to six years in one' s specialty. Finally, a physician who desires to become a recognized specialist must complete an evaluation program directed by a medical specialty board. Ttherefore, anyone who has qualified as a recognized medical specialist is competent to practice in his or her specialty. | No one incompetent to practice a particular specialty completes the evaluation program for that specialty is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
13,393 | It is not known whether bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a disease of cattle invariably deadly to them, can be transmitted directly from one infected animal to another at all stages of the infection. If it can be, there is now a reservoir of infected cattle incubating the disease. There are no diagnostic tests to identify infected animals before the animals show overt symptoms. Ttherefore, if such direct transmission occurs, the disease cannot be eradicated by __. | Removing from the herd and destroying any diseased animal as soon as it shows the typical symptoms of advanced BSE best completes the argument. | entailment |
6,129 | According to reports, female viewers accounted for nearly 2/3 of the core audience of parent-child programs on a certain satellite TV. You can imagine a scene like this: at night, a young mother takes her young children alone, watching Dad with Children on TV at home. And the young dad may still be working overtime, socializing, or just staying in the bedroom to play games and play the computer-their children still continue the story of not being accompanied by their father. In fact, this phenomenon also happens to the mother. In many modern families, the responsibility of raising children is mainly transferred to the older generation of elderly people. | The statement 'Absence of the main body of parent-child education in real life' is meant to emphasize. | entailment |
7,455 | Chemical regulation means that the way to solve the problem is not direct, but to transform the problem into a problem to be solved or a problem that is easy to solve, and then go back to get the answer to the original problem. | Xiao Li and Xiao Jiang have different methods to solve the same kind of problems. Xiao Li first studies the special situation and finally solves the general problem, while Xiao Jiang first solves the general problem and then studies the special situation does not belong to reduction. | not-entailment |
9,506 | In the face of a major epidemic, timely release of authoritative information and open and transparent response to public concerns can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the space for the spread of false information such as rumors, and better maintain social stability. For some time, relevant departments and relevant institutions have released data on confirmed, suspected, cured and dead people in a timely manner. Some Internet enterprises have used big data, cloud computing and visualization technology to launch products such as Real-time epidemic situation dynamic, Co-ride patient query system and Fever Clinic Map, which simultaneously popularize scientific protection knowledge, effectively meet the information needs of the public, and guide the masses to look at the epidemic rationally. Enhance self-prevention awareness and protection ability. | The content that this text is meant to emphasize is Enhance the ability of self-protection by means of technology. | not-entailment |
14,303 | Until recently, anthropologists generally agreed that higher primates originated about 30 million years ago in the Al Fayyum region of Egypt. However, a 40-million-year-old fossilized fragment of a lower jawbone discovered in Burma (now called Myanmar) in 1978 was used to support the theory that the earliest higher primates originated in Burma. However, the claim is premature, for __. | The statement 'higher primates cannot be identified solely by their lower jawbones' is the most logical completion of the paragraph above. | entailment |
13,533 | A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers. | Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
7,901 | Internet public welfare refers to the public welfare activities that non-governmental organizations or enterprises mobilize public participation through the network platform, which have the characteristics of low threshold, high transparency, strong interaction and so on. | Every year, a company allocates special funds for public welfare activities and recruits cataract patients on the official website and provides all medical expenses to patients who meet specific conditions belongs to the Internet public welfare. | not-entailment |
7,120 | The right to know means that a citizen has the right to know what he should know. The state shall limit to the maximum extent the recognition and protection of citizens' right to know and access information,especially government affairs information. | South Korea's SBS television broadcast the rehearsal process for the 28th Olympic Games in advance does not belong to the scope of the right to know according to the above definition. | entailment |
10,671 | Editorial: Supporters of the proposed law that would require bicyclists to wear helmets are seriously misguided. The number of pedestrians who die yearly as a result of accidents involving automobiles is five times the number of deaths resulting from bicycle accidents, and drunken driving exacts a much higher toll than both combined. Yet there are no calls for a ban on alcohol or walking down the street. | The statement 'It is foolish to require lab workers to wear safety goggles when working with acids and other dangerous liquids. No one suggests that people stop eating or socializing, even though more people become ill due to food poisoning and contagious diseases than are injured in laboratory accidents' exhibits a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above. | entailment |
3,518 | Only when the purchase price of a flower shop is lower than the normal price, it can make profits by selling flowers at a price below the market. Unless the florist sells a lot of flowers, it is not possible to buy flowers from the florist at a lower price than normal. In order to sell large numbers of products, the florist needs to satisfy consumers' personal interests or have exclusive rights to sell certain kinds of products. | If the florist makes a profit by selling flowers below market price, the purchase price must be below normal price is true if the above assertion is true. | entailment |
12,939 | By examining the fossilized leaves of any prehistoric plant it is possible to determine the climate in which that specimen grew because the size and shape of a leaf are unique to a given climate. Since the climate at a given location depends on the altitude at that location, it follows that the size and shape of a fossilized leaf also indicates the altitude at which the plant grew. | The reasoning in the argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it overlooks the possibility that locations at different altitudes can have the same climate. | entailment |
11,151 | If there are any inspired performances in the concert, the audience will be treated to a good show. But there will not be a good show unless there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, and to be a sophisticated listener one must understand one' s musical roots. | If there are sophisticated listeners in the audience, then there will be inspired musical performances in the concert. | not-entailment |
5,104 | Limonene, commonly known as lemon essential oil, is usually used to make citrus flavors. It is one of the chemical constituents that are used in many fragrances such as air fresheners, body sprays, etc. Limonene is not terrible in itself, because it does not cause great harm to human body. In fact, it can be used as seasoning agent for food. However, once it is sprayed into the air, limonene will soon change. When limonene is exposed to ozone, which generally exists in the air, two limonene molecules will form a single molecule compound methanol. When a large number of limonene in the room is converted into methanol, its effects will be very different. | Using air fresheners may do harm to ourselves can be introduced. | entailment |
2,702 | With regard to all kinds of criticisms, leading cadres should adopt the attitude of correcting the shortcomings and mistakes pointed out by others, and if they do not, they should encourage themselves so that they will not make the same mistakes in the future. Create an atmosphere in which people who give advice are innocent as long as they are well-intentioned, even if the proposal is not correct. Even if the person who listens to the opinion does not have the shortcomings and mistakes mentioned by the other party, he can warn himself with what he has heard. Only in this way can people tell everything they know and talk endlessly. Only by following the flow of advice and supporting those who tell the truth can leading cadres make scientific decisions or make scientific decisions; only when they are willing and good at listening to different opinions can they create a political ecology with a clear spirit. | If leading cadres fail to heed the flow of advice, they will not be able to make scientific decisions can be inferred based on the above information. | entailment |
14,311 | Biologist: We know the following things about plant X. Specimens with fuzzy seeds always have long stems but never have white flowers. Specimens with curled leaves always have white flowers, and specimens with thorny seedpods always have curled leaves. A specimen of plant X in my garden has a long stem and curled leaves. | From the biologist's statements, it can be properly inferred that the specimen of plant X in the biologist's garden lacks both white flowers and fuzzy seeds. | not-entailment |
8,097 | Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment. | A sound ecological environment being the well-being of people's livelihood is a literal meaning. | entailment |
6,391 | El nino is the transliteration of Spain, this is South America's Pacific coast fishermen to the end of each year water temperature rise in seasonal phenomenon, because of the weather phenomenon appeared often around Christmas time, just got this name, but now scientists are said: only those warming severe year known as el nino, because only warms up sharp Causing huge ecological changes and a series of disasters around the world. | According to the above information about El Nino, the statement "This phenomenon occurs every year" is not true. | entailment |
12,775 | Newspaper editors should not allow reporters to write the headlines for their own stories. The reason for this is that, while the headlines that reporters themselves write are often clever, what typically makes them clever is that they allude to little-known information that is familiar to the reporter but that never appears explicitly in the story itself. | The kind of headlines that newspaper editors want are those that anyone who has read a reporter's story in its entirety will recognize as clever | entailment |
1,132 | When you think of society as a complex system, pay attention to the dynamic coordination of multiple factors to better promote social harmony. If you encounter problems, start from the concept, make simple qualitative and judgment, and strive for consistency Either one or the other. This kind of simplification, one-sidedness, and extremeness of thinking is incompatible with the harmonious society. | The main point of this passage is that building a harmonious society requires systematic thinking. | entailment |
1,999 | The similarity between modern chemistry and alchemy (alchemy) is to create new things at the molecular level, but it is actually the task of nuclear physicists to create new elements. They use some cyclotron accelerators to blast out new elements and fill them into the periodic table as the winning fruit of chemists. Classical alchemy actually had the idea of elements and atoms, but it did not have rational thinking. For example, the Europeans in the Middle Ages believed that light, heavy, dry and wet were the basic physical properties, dry but light was fire and dry and heavy was soil. What is wet and light is gas and what is wet and heavy is water. Therefore, any substance is the result of different proportions of the four basic elements: water, fire, earth, and air, which is obviously different from the current concept of the world. At the same time, the understanding of the nature of matter in other civilizations is also between mystery and reason. | The starting point of rational thinking in modern chemistry is most likely to be discussed next. | entailment |
2,182 | The lack of legal aid makes it difficult for the legislative and judicial progress in the protection of criminal human rights to benefit all or even most of the criminal suspects and defendants, resulting in a binary imbalance. Because lawyers can make use of the advantages of resources such as legal knowledge and litigation experience to guide the handling of cases in a direction that is beneficial to their clients, the acceptance rate of their defense opinions such as voluntary surrender and meritorious service is relatively high, so criminal suspects with defense lawyers, defendants are more qualified and likely to enjoy the institutional dividend brought about by the progress of the rule of law than those without defense lawyers. Get more opportunities for leniency and even acquittal. | The intended explanation of this passage is that it is difficult for legal aid to benefit most criminal suspects and defendants. | not-entailment |
14,602 | Studies have shown that treating certain illnesses with treatment X produces the same beneficial changes in patients' conditions as treating the same illnesses with treatment Y. Furthermore, treatment X is quicker and less expensive than treatment Y. Thus, in treating these illnesses, treatment X should be preferred to treatment Y. | The statement 'Unlike treatment Y, treatment X has produced harmful side effects in laboratory animals' would most weaken the argument above. | entailment |
11,479 | Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants has been temporarily stored on-site, but this is not a satisfactory kind of place for long-range storage. Since no suitable plan of safe permanent storage of such waste from the nation' s existing and planned nuclear plants has been devised, some people propose that we should stop trying to develop such a plan and instead should shut down all present nuclear plants and build no new nuclear plants. | The proposal mentioned above falls short of offering a complete solution to the problem it addresses because it does not provide for the permanent storage of already-existing waste. | entailment |
13,173 | A government ought to protect and encourage free speech, because free speech is an activity that is conducive to a healthy nation and thus is in the best interest of its people. | An activity that is in the best interest of the people ought to be protected and encouraged by a nation's government is an assumption required for the main conclusion above to follow logically. | entailment |
2,133 | At present, people obtain electricity by building dams on rivers and building hydropower stations, but there are few places on the earth suitable for dams, and dams will also destroy the ecological environment. In contrast, the surface of the earth covered by the ocean. The waves on the sea are rolling, Day and night, there is a huge amount of energy, the collection of wave energy is suitable for a wide sea area, and the ecological environment is less damaged. Therefore, collecting wave energy for power generation will have more advantages than building a dam on a river. | The statement 'Whether it is to build a tower on the seabed to support power generation, or to fix the generator on the seabed, it will cost a lot of money, and the cost is much more expensive than a river power station' if true, makes it impossible to question the above point of view. | not-entailment |
10,991 | Studies reveal that most people select the foods they eat primarily on the basis of flavor, and that nutrition is usually a secondary concern at best. This suggests that health experts would have more success in encouraging people to eat wholesome foods if they emphasized how flavorful those foods truly are rather than how nutritious they are. | In a study, subjects who were told that a given food was very flavorful were more willing to try the food and more likely to enjoy it than were subjects who were told that the food was nutritious, most strengthens the argument above. | entailment |
1,317 | Consolidating computational thinking is an important goal of each education stage. Only in this way can students' ability develop upward on the basis of the previous level. Computational thinking is helpful to solve problems in any field. For example, decompose a large problem into several small problems, and design the feasible path of small experiments through reasoning. Using these strategies in different environments can make students understand that computational thinking is far more useful than computers. | Cultivating computational thinking is an important content of education is accurate with regard to the above words. | entailment |
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