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11,093 | The Ergonomic Society conducted a study that indicated that many people develop severe back problems during adulthood, and that virtually all such people who received chiropractic treatment showed great improvement. Ttherefore, in order to minimize the proportion of the population that suffers from back pain, the Ergonomic Society recommended that chiropractic treatment be directed toward those adults who suffer from severe back problems. | Individuals who receive chiropractic or other treatment prior to developing severe back problems are not less likely to develop back pain than those who do not is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
12,890 | Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth' s atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries. | Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense water in ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires. | entailment |
14,461 | In polluted environments, dolphins gradually accumulated toxins in their body fat, and the larger the dolphin the more accumulated toxin it can tolerate. Nearly 80 percent of the toxins a female dolphin has accumulated pass into the fat-rich milk her nursing calf ingests. Ttherefore, the unusually high mortality rate among dolphin calves in the industrially contaminated waters along Florida' s Gulf Coast is probably the result of their being poisoned by their mother' s milk. | The statement 'The survival rate of firstborn dolphin calves in the area along Florida's Gulf Coast is highest for those whose mothers were killed before they were weaned' most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
8,608 | Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said. | The statement '20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future' best supports the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
11,956 | Only a minority of those who engage in political action do so out of a sense of social justice. Ttherefore, some people who have a sense of social justice do not engage in political action. | The argument that some of the decisions regarding school curricula should be made without regard for the wishes of the children's parents uses flawed reasoning most similar to that used in the argument above. | not-entailment |
5,909 | Unfair competition refers to enterprise uses improper or unfair means to increase the market share of its products, creating an unfair market environment for competitors that produce similar products, and seriously harming the interests of its competitors. | By definition, investing a lot of money to develop the key technology of a very large computer, applying for patents, and dominating the field in the 1990s is not unfair competition. | not-entailment |
13,628 | Most serious students are happy students, and most serious students go to graduate school. Furthermore, all students who go to graduate school are overworked. | All overworked students are serious students can be properly inferred from the statements above. | not-entailment |
13,795 | Dietitian: It is true that nutrients are most effective when provided by natural foods rather than artificial supplements. While it is also true that fat in one' s diet is generally unhealthy, eating raw carrots (which are rich in beta carotene) by themselves is nonetheless not an effective means of obtaining vitamin A, since the body cannot transform beta carotene into vitamin A unless it is consumed with at least some fat. | The statement that fat in one's diet is generally unhealthy is cited as a bad reason for adopting a dietary habit that the dietitian recommends. | not-entailment |
7,425 | Every morning, the mother makes breakfast for her son in primary school. Five kinds of breakfast are noodles, dumplings, porridge, fried rice with eggs, pancakes, etc., but she only makes one of them for her son every day. It is known that: (1) making noodles is easier, twice a week, twice a week, three days apart in a week, (2) making porridge is made the day before or after the first noodle making, only once a week. (3) dumplings are also made only once a week, but this time is only once before the second noodle making. (4) making fried rice with eggs is also limited to four days apart from the day the first noodle is made in a week.(5) there was a time when the cake was made before the first time it was made noodles. | According to the above statement, Thursday dumplings are correct assuming that Monday is the first day of the week. | not-entailment |
1,511 | Personal income tax reform is an integral part of the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. From October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, taxpayers will calculate the tax amount proportionally based on the remaining income after deducting 5000 yuan from their monthly salary, salary scale and other income. However, since China's personal income tax accounts for only about 7% of the total tax revenue, it is only through the personal income tax reform to achieve a more reasonable goal of wealth adjustment, From this point of view, raising the threshold of individual income tax is only the first step to improve the income distribution system. | The reform of individual income tax is the key to the reform of fiscal and tax system is intended to illustrate that. | not-entailment |
10,517 | A school has seven outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z. During the summer vacation, the school will send them to England and the United States to study. Only these seven students from the school took part in the activity, and each of them happened to go to one of the two countries. Considering the specialty of each student, the following conditions must be met in this activity: (1) if G goes to the England, then H goes to the United States. (2) if L goes to England, then both M and U go to the United States. (3) the country where W goes is different from that of Z. (4) the country where U goes is different from that of G. (5) if Z goes to the England, H also goes to the England. | G and W cannot go to the United States together. | not-entailment |
10,773 | Essayist: Only happiness is intrinsically valuable; other things are valuable only insofar as they contribute to happiness. Some philosophers argue that the fact that we do not approve of a bad person' s being happy shows that we value happiness only when it is deserved. This supposedly shows that we find something besides happiness to be intrinsically valuable. But the happiness people deserve is determined by the amount of happiness they bring to others. Ttherefore, __. | The judgment that a person deserves to be happy is itself to be understood in terms of happiness most logically completes the final sentence of the essayist's argument. | entailment |
14,470 | While sales of other highly fuel-efficient automobiles are in decline, sales of the Hydro are rising. The Hydro' s manufacturers attribute its success to the Hydro' s price and very low fuel consumption. However, the Hydro is comparable in price and fuel efficiency to its competitors, so it is more likely that its success is due to the fact that people want to appear environmentally conscious to their neighbors. | The Hydro is the most popular highly fuel-efficient automobile available is an assumption required by the argument. | not-entailment |
5,690 | Submissive interaction refers to the action process with the same nature or the same direction among actors, which often has three forms: sending signals or hints to others intentionally or unintentionally and causing others to respond; Act in the way of others without consideration; Actors accept the way others act under pressure from others and do so. | Xiao Wen is not satisfied with the new tutor, but he still starts the tutor course because of the painstaking efforts of his parents and the tuition fees he has paid does not belong to submissive interaction according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
4,853 | Mr. Zhao, Mr. Qian, Mr. Sun and Mr. Li took part in a skills competition and won the first four places in the competition. It is understood that their relationship is as follows. First, Mr. Sun and Mr. Li often meet to play basketball together. Second, the first and third place just met in this competition; Third, the second can't ride a bike, nor play basketball; Fourth, Mr. Zhao's rank is higher than That of Mr. Qian. Fifth, Mr. Qian and Mr. Li ride bicycles to work together every day. | According to the above conditions, the correct order of winners for the first, second, third and fourth places in this competition is Mr. Sun, Mr. Zhao, Mr. Qian, and Mr. Li. | entailment |
3,456 | Consequential offense refers to a crime in the objective aspect of the crime composed of harmful acts and harmful results. The completion of consequential crime requires not only criminal acts, but also legal criminal results. Without harmful results, the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete, or the elements of the objective aspects of the crime will not be complete. The result of consequential crime refers to tangible and measurable specific harmful results, It is the result consistent with the nature of the crime. | According to the above definition, falsely accusing and framing someone is not a consequential offense. | entailment |
474 | Primary group refers to the social group formed by face-to-face interaction with close interpersonal relationship and strong emotional color. Secondary group refers to the social group whose members gather together for a specific goal and form a formal relationship through clear rules and regulations. | According to the above definition, Xiao Zhang's playmates established a wechat group relates to secondary groups. | not-entailment |
6,774 | The Ministry of Environmental Protection interviewed the city's top officials and opened a new model of environmental governance. But public interview is not a long-term environmental governance model. For now, public interviews are aimed at specific environmental issues. Specific environmental governance is important, but environmental governance is not only a solution to specific environmental problems, but also related to the whole environmental system, the goals and strategies of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and local environmental governance and the relationship between government environmental governance and public rights and interests. After the public interview, the superficial environmental problems may be solved quickly, but the deep-seated problems of local construction are not solved and the triggers of environmental problems always exist. | Environmental interviews should not be limited to solving specific environmental problems is an accurate understanding of this passage. | entailment |
14,418 | The reforms to improve the quality of public education that have been initiated on the part of suppliers of public education have been insufficient. Ttherefore, reforms must be demanded by consumers. Parents should be given government vouchers with which to pay for their children' s education and should be allowed to choose the schools at which the vouchers will be spent. To attract students, academically underachieving schools will be forced to improve their academic offerings. | In selecting schools, the argument assumes that parents would tend to prefer a reasonable level of academic quality to greater sports opportunities or more convenient location. | entailment |
12,321 | Last year, pharmaceutical manufacturers significantly increased the amount of money they spent promoting new drugs, which they do mainly by sending sales representatives to visit physicians in their offices. However, two years ago there was an average of 640 such visits per representative, whereas last year that figure fell to 501. So the additional promotion must have been counterproductive, making physicians less willing to receive visits by pharmaceutical sales representatives. | Most pharmaceutical manufacturers increased the size of their sales forces so that their sales representatives could devote more time to each physician, which most weakens the argument. | entailment |
735 | The traditional view is that the high content of egg yolk cholesterol is the culprit directly causing hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. Therefore, many middle-aged and elderly people dare not eat egg yolk. Recently, nutritionists organized a team to study the relationship between egg yolk and cholesterol, and conducted a six-month experiment on 116 men aged 50 to 65. | The statement that the cholesterol content in the subjects did not change after half a year will weaken the traditional view most. | entailment |
2,487 | The basketball team coach stipulates that if player No. 1 plays and player No. 3 does not play, at least one of players No. 5 and No. 7 must play. | If the coach's regulations are implemented, the sufficient conditions for No. 1 player not to play is No. 3 played, No. 5 and No. 7 play. | not-entailment |
13,553 | Claude: When I' m having lunch with job candidates, I watch to see if they salt their food without first tasting it. If they do, I count that against them, because they' re making decisions based on inadequate information. Larissa: That' s silly. It' s perfectly reasonable for me to wear a sweater whenever I go into a supermarket, because I already know supermarkets are always too cool inside to suit me. And I never open a credit card offer that comes in the mail, because I already know that no matter how low its interest rate may be, it will never be worthwhile for me. | The principle that "in professional decision-making contexts, those who have the responsibility of judging other people's suitability for a job should not use observations of job-related behavior as a basis for inferring general conclusions about those people's character" can most reasonably be interpreted as the principle that Larissa invokes to criticize Claude's policy through the two analogies she offers. | not-entailment |
88 | Will the technological revolution aggravate unemployment? This is a problem that has plagued people for a long time. From some statistics, people have found an interesting phenomenon. Although the United States has invested heavily in computer technology and other areas over the past years, its current unemployment rate (approximately 5.5%) is not higher than the unemployment rate in the early 1960s, while the unemployment rate in Western Europe is 11%, where investment in computers has always been less than in the United States. | Development of information technology will not increase unemployment can be logically deduced from the above. | entailment |
11,121 | At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors. | The conclusion drawn above follows logically if it is assumed to be true at Tromen University that there are more biology majors than there are French-literature majors. | not-entailment |
11,035 | Formal performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted using realistic situations. Physicians are allowed to consult medical texts freely, attorneys may refer to law books and case records, and physicists and engineers have their manuals at hand for ready reference. Students, then, should likewise have access to their textbooks whenever they take examinations. | The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument fails to consider the possibility that the purposes of evaluation in the professional world and in school situations are quite dissimilar. | entailment |
7,744 | Value self-identifications means that people often overestimate the value of their actions and obtain happiness and beauty from it. | Lao Zhao's work winning the second prize of the Provincial Calligraphy Association and his determination to strive for a higher award next year can be considered value self-identifications. | not-entailment |
13,196 | Federal investigators, called in at the request of the management of Ploutos National Bank, recently apprehended a ring of seven embezzlers from among the bank' s employees. The bank management decided to call in the federal investigators when they were unable to account for millions of dollars missing in their budget for this year. All the funds those seven individuals embezzled have been returned to the bank, and that accounts for about two thirds of the total amount missing. All seven of the accused have plea-bargained to avoid trial and are now serving in prison on reduced sentences. | The conclusion that Federal investigators have the means at their disposal to detect any large illegal transfers of money can most properly be drawn from the information above. | not-entailment |
10,873 | People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, a significant percentage of which are quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. However, a zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation. | Among members of the general population who have spent as much time with animals as zoo employees typically have, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is significantly more than 30 percent receives the strongest support from the information given. | entailment |
8,968 | There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department. | G and X cannot be assigned to the sales department. | entailment |
12,418 | Twenty years ago the Republic of Rosinia produced nearly 100 million tons of potatoes, but last year the harvest barely reached 60 million tons. Agricultural researchers, who have failed to develop new higher-yielding strains of potatoes, are to blame for this decrease, since they have been concerned only with their own research and not with the needs of Rosinia. | Wide fluctuations in the size of the potato crop over a twenty-year period are not unusual is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
4,329 | W-12 is a virus that seriously harms the growth of grains and causes a large reduction in grain production every year. Scientists have found that inserting a gene extracted from W-12 into a grain gene that is susceptible to infection can make The grain produces antibodies to W-12, which greatly reduces losses. | When plants acquire antibodies against certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will increase their resistance to certain other viruses does not strengthen the above conclusion if the following items are true. | not-entailment |
4,566 | Pregnant women are prone to vitamin deficiency. Some people believe that this is not caused by lack of vitamins in the diet, but usually due to the large demand for vitamins when babies grow up in the abdomen. | One pregnant woman and one non pregnant woman with sufficient vitamins in their diet were tested to determine whether they were deficient in vitamins is the most important operation in order to evaluate the accuracy of the above conclusions. | entailment |
13,828 | Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today' s commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers. | The statement 'After the laptop computer was turned off, the plane regained course and its navigation instruments and dials returned to normal' LEAST strengthens the argument above. | not-entailment |
4,207 | Educational balance refers to ensuring equal rights and obligations to citizens or future citizens through laws and regulations, providing relatively equal educational opportunities and conditions through policy formulation and adjustment and resource allocation, and achieving a relative balance of educational effects and opportunities for success with an objective and fair attitude and scientific and effective methods. | According to the above definition, the statement "A school requires all teachers to publish a paper each year, otherwise the next year's assessment will be considered unqualified, the school will not hire" is not part of implementing educational balance. | entailment |
14,161 | Storytelling appears to be a universal aspect of both past and present cultures. Comparative study of traditional narratives from widely separated epochs and diverse cultures reveals common themes such as creation, tribal origin, mystical beings and quasi-historical figures, and common story types such as fables and tales in which animals assume human personalities. | Storytellers have long understood that the narrative is a universal aspect of human culture is supported by the evidence cited above from the study of traditional narratives. | not-entailment |
14,902 | The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga. | Many of the bird species that disappeared from Tiliga did not disappear from other, similar, uninhabited islands until much later most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
12,958 | Civil libertarian: The categorical prohibition of any nonviolent means of expression inevitably poisons a society' s intellectual atmosphere. Ttherefore, those advocating censorship of all potentially offensive art are pursuing a course that is harmful to society. Censorship advocate: You' re wrong, because many people are in agreement about what constitutes potentially offensive art. | The censorship advocate's rebuttal is flawed because it relies on an irrelevant reason for rejecting the civil libertarian's argument. | entailment |
8,632 | Research suggests that compounds in meat may trigger wheezing in some children, which can lead to asthma or other respiratory problems. These compounds, known as advanced glycation end products, are released when meat is grilled at high temperatures. So eating a vegetarian diet or eating less meat can protect children from asthma risk. | Scientists have shown that advanced glycation end products in the body come mainly, but not exclusively, from meat most questions the above statement. | not-entailment |
12,278 | Many parents rigorously organize their children' s activities during playtime, thinking that doing so will enhance their children' s cognitive development. But this belief is incorrect. To thoroughly structure a child' s playtime and expect this to produce a creative and resourceful child would be like expecting a good novel to be produced by someone who was told exactly what the plot and characters must be. | It fails to consider the possibility that something could enhance a child's overall cognitive development without enhancing the child's creativity and resourcefulness is the ground on which the argument is most vulnerable to criticism. | entailment |
3,219 | The production line of a factory will discharge a large amount of waste, resulting in air pollution. In order to force the factory to change the production process and reduce pollution, local residents decided to boycott the fluorescent lamp, the product with the largest sales volume of the factory, because residents believe that boycotting the product with the largest sales volume can reduce the profits of the factory to the greatest extent. | The statement 'The boycott only considers the sales volume of products and cannot infer their corresponding profits' most questions the above inference. | entailment |
10,820 | A certain credit-card company awards its customers bonus points for using its credit card. Customers can use accumulated points in the purchase of brand name merchandise by mail at prices lower than the manufacturers' suggested retail prices. At any given time, ttherefore, customers who purchase merchandise using the bonus points spend less than they would spend if they purchased the same merchandise in retail stores. | The assumption that the merchandise available to the company's credit-card customers using the bonus points is frequently sold in retail stores at prices that are higher than the manufacturers' suggested retail prices is on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
10,925 | Environment minister: Because of our concern about global warming, this country has committed itself to reducing its emissions of carbon dioxide substantially over the next ten years. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, planting large numbers of trees will help us fulfill our commitment. | If true, the statement that many climate researchers believe that global warming is such an urgent problem that carbon dioxide emissions should be substantially reduced in less than ten years would most weaken the environment minister's argument. | not-entailment |
14,335 | In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Ttherefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine. | The statement "Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches, for a day or so after significantly decreasing their coffee consumption" most seriously calls into question the explanation above. | not-entailment |
1,965 | In recent years, Guangzhou's economy is undergoing a profound transformation. Prior to this, Guangzhou, as an important global trade center, gathered more of the global flow of goods and people. The construction of a hub network city in Guangzhou is aimed at bringing together more important capital and intellectual (technical) elements to form a global hub for the allocation of high-end elements. At the same time, the industrial structure of Guangzhou is also accelerated to optimize. On the basis of the original automobile, daily chemical and other advantageous industries, the terminal industry and high-end industry, which represent the future industrial direction, are being introduced into Guangzhou and realizing cluster development, thus making up for the industrial deficiency that has existed for a long time in this city. | The most suitable title for this paragraph is "The future development trend of Guangzhou Industrial system." | not-entailment |
1,162 | As a force, cultural power is not a force of direct effect, and its manifestation must be through certain genres or media, either enduring people's ideas or spiritual ideas, or materialized in certain material or spiritual products, and cultural power really exists only through spiritual or material carriers, that is to say, cultural power is not an immediate and obvious force. It is impossible for people to control and control things at will, which is one of the root reasons why people's understanding of cultural power has been very vague for thousands of years. | The expression of cultural power is various is expressed by the author in this passage. | not-entailment |
14,766 | The chemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosine then binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain, as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. During sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchers have hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep. | The statement 'Stress resulting from a dangerous situation can preserve wakefulness even when brain levels of bound adenosine are high' provides the most support for the researchers' hypothesis. | not-entailment |
6,372 | The key exhibition hall of the museum basically has no divided space, which ensures the smooth and spacious exhibition hall as far as possible. And put the obvious specimens in the most eye-catching position in this exhibition hall, which allows the audience to see the most wonderful display as soon as they enter the exhibition area. In every big space. Appropriate use of the wrong layer of the way to open up an interactive area. Special introduction of relevant scientific knowledge, at the same time, this wrong layer is also a good watch viewing point of view. | The combination of space and interaction is a characteristic of museum exhibits according to the article. | entailment |
15,204 | A survey of alumni of the class of 1960 at Aurora University yielded puzzling results. When asked to indicate their academic rank, half of the respondents reported that they were in the top quarter of the graduating class in 1960. | A disproportionately large number of high-ranking alumni responded to the survey most helps account for the apparent contradiction above. | entailment |
9,801 | Mr. Zhang intends to buy several kinds of flowers, and his intention is as follows: (1) buy at most one kind of rose and tulip; (2) buy at least one kind of peony, rose and daisy; (3) buy at least two kinds of tulips, daisies and lilies; and (4) if you buy tulips, do not buy peonies. | Mr. Zhang has bought at least one kind of daisies and roses according to the above intention. | entailment |
1,133 | As a developing country, independent innovation is not self-innovation, more non-closed innovation, and cannot exclude technology introduction, but technological innovation capabilities cannot be directly obtained through introduction, and key technologies cannot be bought. Japan and South Korea introduce technology and digest and absorb. The ratio of expenses is 1:5 and 1:8 respectively, while the ratio in our country is 1:0.15. | The main problem of my country's technology introduction is insufficient digestion, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies. | entailment |
3,796 | Thinking: refers to the human brain's reflection of objective and indirect generalizations. Thinking can be divided into (1) action thinking, which refers to the thinking supported by actual actions in the thinking process according to the object or the state of thinking in the thinking process. Its characteristic is that the task is intuitive, given in a concrete form, and the solution is actual action; (2) Thinking in images refers to the process of analyzing, synthesizing, abstracting, and summarizing appearances. It is characterized by vivid , vivid and objective Image; (3) Abstract thinking refers to the process of using concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms to reflect the law of movement of objective things, and to recognize the essential characteristics and internal connections of things. | From an early age, Hong's son was required to watch his father practice kung fu every day. Gradually, he could follow his father's lead meets the definition of action thinking. | entailment |
13,787 | Physician: The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y, but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y. Ttherefore, since there is an effective treatment for Y but no treatment for X, we must act on the assumption that the patient has a case of Y. | The physician's reasoning could be based on the principle that when success is possible only if a circumstance beyond one's control is favorable, then one's strategy must be based on the assumption that this circumstance is in fact favorable. | entailment |
10,694 | Because the death of a spouse creates a void in one' s life and leads to depression, it is very difficult to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse. The ability to lead a normal life after the death of a spouse is improved by filling the void with another important element. In one study, half of those attempting to recover after the death of a spouse were told to embark on a new career, and the other half were told to take time off work to fully comprehend their loss. After one year, those in the first group reported lower rates of depression and positive feelings about their lives, and the second group reported higher rates of depression and negative feelings about their lives. | Work, or engaging in time and energy-consuming activities, can often lead to depression in otherwise healthy people strengthens the argument above EXCEPT. | entailment |
14,123 | Constance: The traditional definition of full employment as a 5 percent unemployment rate is correct, because at levels below 5 percent, inflation rises. Brigita: That traditional definition of full employment was developed before the rise of temporary and part-time work and the fall in benefit levels. When people are juggling several part-time jobs with no benefits, or working in a series of temporary assignments, as is now the case, 5 percent unemployment is not full employment. | The claim that Constance and Brigita disagree with each other about whether it is a good idea, all things considered, to allow the unemployment level to drop below 5 percent is most strongly supported by the dialogue. | not-entailment |
11,645 | Ten thousand years ago many communities in western Asia stopped procuring food by hunting and gathering and began instead to cultivate food. Archaeological evidence reveals that compared to their hunter-gatherer forebears, the early agricultural peoples ate a poorly balanced diet and had diet-related health problems, yet these peoples never returned to hunting and gathering. | The statement 'Thousands of years ago similar shifts from hunting and gathering to agriculture occurred in many other parts of the world' most helps to explain why the agricultural peoples of western Asia never returned to hunting and gathering. | not-entailment |
14,335 | In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Ttherefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine. | The statement 'Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing nations' most seriously calls into question the explanation above. | entailment |
6,727 | Individuals always live in certain institutional arrangements, and Chinese traditional Confucian institutional arrangements are mostly informal, emphasizing the internalization of behavior rules, neglecting external compulsory constraints, and having high flexibility. | Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can do whatever they want and be unrestrained is correct. | not-entailment |
11,262 | A two-year study beginning in 1977 found that, among 85-year-old people, those whose immune systems were weakest were twice as likely to die within two years as others in the study. The cause of their deaths, however, was more often heart disease, against which the immune system does not protect, than cancer or infections, which are attacked by the immune system. | Some of the drugs that had been used to treat the symptoms of heart disease had a side effect of weakening the immune system, if true, would offer the best prospects for explaining deaths in which weakness of the immune system, though present, played no causal role. | entailment |
10,634 | Astronomer: Earth was bombarded repeatedly by comets and asteroids early in its history. This bombardment probably sterilized the surface and prevented life from originating during this early period in Earth' s geological history. Meanwhile, Mars escaped severe bombardment, and so there could have been microbial life on Mars prior to there being such life on Earth. Because many meteorites originating from Mars have landed on Earth, life on Earth may have started when living microbes were carried here from Mars on a meteorite. | The statement that there could have been microbial life on Mars prior to there being such life on Earth is a claim that provides some support for the argument's conclusion but that neither ensures the truth of that conclusion nor is required in order to establish that conclusion. | not-entailment |
14,557 | Frieda: Lightning causes fires and damages electronic equipment. Since lightning rods can prevent any major damage, every building should have one. Erik: Your recommendation is pointless. It is true that lightning occasionally causes fires, but faulty wiring and overloaded circuits cause far more fires and damage to equipment than lightning does. | Erik's response fails to establish that Frieda's recommendation should not be acted on because his response does not show that the benefits that would follow from Frieda's recommendation would be offset by any disadvantages. | entailment |
9,876 | The rhetoric of opposites and mutually reinforcing refers to the clever connection of two concepts or judgments which are usually opposite and excluded from each other, which can not only reveal the deep contradiction and dialectic relationship existing in objective things, but also increase the meaning of language. | According to the above definition, 'Boldly forth head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children' is not a mutually reinforcing figure of speech. | not-entailment |
14,404 | Some members have criticized the club' s president for inviting Dr. Hines to speak at the annual awards banquet without consulting other club members beforehand. But a few years ago the previous club president hired a tax accountant even though he had not discussed it with club members beforehand. So the current president acted appropriately in the way in which she invited Dr. Hines. | The assumption that the club's previous president acted appropriately in hiring the tax accountant without first consulting other club members is on which the argument relies. | entailment |
9,728 | A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers, processes them into powder or oil, and then mixes them with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirmed the company's practice and pointed out that eating insects is conducive to dealing with worldwide food shortages and malnutrition. | An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increase of consumption of the protein can be used as the premise of the above argument. | not-entailment |
9,650 | Mention is a common rhetorical method in ancient Chinese. In order to make the sentence compact and concise, combine the content that should have been expressed in two phrases or sentences into one phrase or sentence. When merging, the same elements are put together so that there is a separate relationship between the front and back parts of a phrase or sentence. | Song of everlasting regret: the moonlight is always sad and resentful when I see the moonlight in the palace, and I hear the sad music of the rain bell in the rain at night does not use the rhetorical devices of the mention according to the above definition. | entailment |
757 | Garden refers to an area with beautiful environment and for people to enjoy and rest by using engineering technology and artistic means in a certain area, through the transformation of terrain, planting trees, flowers and plants, building buildings and arranging garden roads | In order to beautify the environment, a corridor was built with stone in a residential area, and flowers and plants were planted on both sides of the corridor to form a green corridor with various functions such as playing, gathering and so on belongs to Garden according to the above definition. | entailment |
5,024 | The scientific community recently discovered a alpha anthropomorphic virus that can live in beta amoeba. beta amoeba parasitic by the virus releases a stimulus in the mammal that causes the animal's respiratory system to react violently and in severe cases, causes breathing difficulties. Alpha anthropomorphic virus can be found in animals with symptoms of breathing difficulties. | In mammals, amoebas cause a violent reaction in the respiratory system can be inferred. | entailment |
14,057 | James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate. | Polling data show that most voters cannot identify Reade's positions on campaign issues most supports Maria's counter to James. | entailment |
871 | According to the different effects of the ability compensation method on the overall effect of the ability system, the mutual compensation between abilities can be divided into two types: unbalanced compensation and balanced compensation. Unbalanced compensation refers to the use of superior abilities to compensate for weak abilities, thereby strengthening the overall ability. Balanced compensation refers to the way to strengthen the overall ability by improving the weak ability. | According to the above definition, unbalanced compensation is when Xiao Zhang first came to the car repair shop, he only knew a little about the technology of repairing the engine. Later, under the leadership of the master, he studied diligently and finally mastered the technology. | not-entailment |
13,389 | Essayist: Human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality. Yet aging and death are normal and inevitable, indeed even desirable. Just imagine the ethical, social, and economic consequences that would result if it ever became possible to prevent them. | The statement 'human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality' introduces the subject of the argument, but plays no logical role in establishing the main conclusion. | entailment |
8,127 | A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department. | The office buildings of the Legal Department, R & D Department, Sales Department, Finance Department, Production Department, and Personnel Department are arranged from front to back. | entailment |
3,767 | There are four people living in a hotel with different occupations and nationalities. They come from Britain, France, Germany and the United States. It is known that the Germans are doctors, the Americans are policemen and the youngest. C is older than the Germans. B is a judge and a friend of the British. D has never studied medicine. | C comes from Britain. | entailment |
1,931 | Ancient Chinese has perfect educational programs in primary and secondary schools and universities in China, but art and other non-literature majors lack the necessary qualitative requirements when they reach the master's degree stage. Although some colleges and universities continue to carry out ancient Chinese teaching, it is only an elective course, while foreign language courses run through in the form of compulsory courses from childhood to master's and doctoral students. The imbalance of curriculum leads to a serious imbalance between foreign language and ancient Chinese teaching, which leads to the edge of ancient Chinese teaching. | The point of view of this passage is that Chinese teaching should be included in art courses as an elective course. | not-entailment |
1,741 | Mencius once said this sentence in Gao Zi Shang: Reason and righteousness please my heart, and meat please my mouth. This statement is truthful, exquisite, and quite enlightening. The practice of life has also been told time and time again. We, all the reason that fits my heart, always explain the profound things in a simple way. For example, chu huan means that delicacies such as beef and mutton fits my taste. maybe the speaker is sincere, but the listener doesn't care, or the speaker is hoarse and the listener is sleepy. After all, the appeal does not depend on the high voice, let alone the power of the microphone, but should be as dazzling, eye-catching, beautiful and enlightening as the peacock opens the screen. | The emphasis of this text is that only true reason can make people truly believe. | not-entailment |
5,129 | Speculation is the purchase of goods for later sale (or temporary sale) in order to profit from changes in their prices. | According to the above definition, Lao Yang buying 2000 shares at the price of 10.03 yuan and selling them at the price of 11.00 yuan is speculation. | entailment |
13,540 | Terrorism aims to instill fear in the target population, disrupting all daily activities and forcing an irrational backlash. More people die in car accidents in a day than terrorists have killed in two decades. Our country spends more money on fighting terrorism than any other single initiative, including healthcare. As such, our country should. . . | Spending money in proportion to terrorism's threat most logically completes the argument. | entailment |
14,755 | Zoologist: Every domesticated large mammal species now in existence was domesticated thousands of years ago. Since those days, people undoubtedly tried innumerable times to domesticate each of the wild large mammal species that seemed worth domesticating. Clearly, ttherefore, most wild large mammal species in existence today either would be difficult to domesticate or would not be worth domesticating. | The zoologist's argument requires the assumption that in spite of the difficulties encountered, at one time or another people have tried to domesticate each wild large mammal species. | not-entailment |
10,693 | Counselor: Those who believe that criticism should be gentle rather than harsh should consider the following: change requires a motive, and criticism that is unpleasant provides a motive. Since harsh criticism is unpleasant, harsh criticism provides a motive. Ttherefore, only harsh criticism will cause the person criticized to change. | The reasoning in the counselor's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is necessary to provide a motive. | entailment |
10,259 | Cicero in ancient Rome once said, elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health. Lorenzo Barra, a humanist of the Italian Renaissance, stressed that health is a precious quality, a gift of the body and a gift of nature.many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy, he wrote. | The statement "Some healthy people are beautiful" cannot be inferred from Loren Barra's argument. | not-entailment |
15,098 | Caterpillars of all species produce an identical hormone called juvenile hormone that maintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding. | Many agriculturally beneficial insects go through a caterpillar stage most strongly supports the view that it would NOT be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above. | entailment |
1,103 | This is a typical gully area on the Loess Plateau, where soil erosion is very serious; the land is barren and has nine droughts in ten years. Despite the good policies of the state, some people have embarked on the road to prosperity, but many farmers are still struggling on the poverty line. | The harsh natural environment is a major obstacle to the prosperity of local people is mainly explained in this passage. | entailment |
4,071 | Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities. | According to the above definition, a company that trains enterprise information managers for social compensation is not the information industry. | not-entailment |
8,248 | 2 million-1 million years ago, during the evolution from apes to modern Homo sapiens, the brains of our ancestors evolved to support cooperation to support hunting. This made the memory and thinking centers in the prefrontal cortex of human ancestors more developed than those of other primates. As groups become more powerful than individuals, and the brain evolves the ability to manage larger groups, competition between groups becomes more important than competition between individuals, and groups with more cooperative individuals develop better. This evolution has led to the development of altruistic consciousness, ethics, conscience and dignity. | The main content of this text is the evolution of the brain in group life can inspire virtue. | entailment |
11,896 | A recent study confirms that nutritious breakfasts make workers more productive. For one month, workers at Plant A received free nutritious breakfasts every day before work, while workers in Plant B did not. The productivity of Plant A' s workers increased, while that of Plant B' s workers did not. | The statement 'Few workers in Plant B consumed nutritious breakfasts during the month of the study' most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
14,422 | That Shakespeare' s The Winter s Tale ( 1610-1611) is modeled after Euripides' Alcestis (fifth century B. C. ) seems undeniable. However, it is generally accepted that Shakespeare knew little or no Greek, so Euripides' original play would be an unlikely source. Thus, it seems most likely that Shakespeare came to know Euripides' play through a Latin translation. | Latin phrases that were widely used in England during Shakespeare's time appear in a number of his plays LEAST strengthens the argument. | entailment |
9,778 | Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more eyes to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a road test. | The safety is the first principle in the application of autopilot technology is the content that this text is meant to emphasize. | not-entailment |
842 | In the past 10 years, the number of criminal cases in area A has increased by 200%, but the number of criminal cases in area B has increased by 500%. Therefore, the current number of criminal cases in area B is higher than that in area A. | Ten years ago, the number of criminal cases in area B was 50% of the number of criminal cases in area A can weaken the above proposition most. | not-entailment |
5,448 | According to media reports, a university has officially dismissed 54 professors and associate professors, and rejoiced in the so-called dismissal of professors. The reason is that China's essentially lifelong professor system is like a pot of rice. On the one hand, it leads to a large number of redundant staff in colleges and universities, and on the other hand, it makes professors reluctant to make progress and inhibit competition and innovation. | The statement 'Professors should be the masters of the University. Dismissal of professors is not conducive to the academic development of the University' can effectively question the above measures. | entailment |
12,396 | Computer manufacturers and retailers tell us that the complexity involved in connecting the various components of personal computers is not a widespread obstacle to their use, but this is wrong. Customers who install accessories to their personal computers have to take full responsibility for the setting of jumpers and switches to satisfy mysterious specifications. Many accessories require extra software that can cause other accessories to stop working; adding a modem, for instance, may disable a printer. | Computer manufacturers rarely take into account ease of installation when they are designing programs or accessories most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
12,980 | For years scientists have been scanning the skies in the hope of finding life on other planets. But in spite of the ever-increasing sophistication of the equipment they employ, some of it costing hundreds of millions of dollars, not the first shred of evidence of such life has been forthcoming. And there is no reason to think that these scientists will be anymore successful in the future, no matter how much money is invested in the search. The dream of finding extraterrestrial life is destined to remain a dream, as science' s experience up to this point should indicate. | The main point of the argument is that only if scientists had already found evidence of life on other planets would continued search be justified. | not-entailment |
11,738 | Aerobics instructor: Compared to many forms of exercise, kickboxing aerobics is highly risky. Overextending when kicking often leads to hip, knee, or lower-back injuries. Such overextension is very likely to occur when beginners try to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners. | To reduce the risk of injuries, beginners at kickboxing aerobics should avoid trying to match the high kicks of more skilled practitioners is most strongly supported by the aerobics instructor's statements. | entailment |
11,392 | Dietitian: Eating fish can lower one' s cholesterol level. In a study of cholesterol levels and diet, two groups were studied. The first group ate a balanced diet including two servings of fish per week. The second group ate a very similar diet, but ate no fish. The first group showed lower cholesterol levels, on average, than the second group. The two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study. | The claim that the two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study most accurately describes the role played in the dietitian's argument by the claim that it rules out an alternative explanation of the data collected in the study. | entailment |
652 | Contract: It is an agreement between the parties to establish, modify, and terminate civil relations. A contract established in accordance with the law is protected by law. The establishment of a contract must follow two principles: 1. the principle of legality; 2. the principle of equality and mutual benefit, consensus, and equal compensation. | Before committing the crime, two thieves made a life-and-death agreement. Once one of the two persons is caught, the second person must never be confessed is not part of a contract according to the above definition. | entailment |
15,177 | Sociologist: Some economists hold that unregulated markets should accompany democratic sovereignty because they let people vote with their money. But this view ignores the crucial distinction between the private consumer and the public citizen. In the marketplace the question is, What do I want? At the voting booth the question is always, What do we want? Hence, supporters of political democracy can also support marketplace regulation. | Opposition to unregulated markets is consistent with support for democracy is the conclusion drawn by the sociologist. | entailment |
14,144 | Geneticist: Billions of dollars are spent each year on high-profile experiments that attempt to link particular human genes with particular personality traits. Though such experiments seem to promise a new understanding of human nature, they have few practical consequences. Meanwhile, more mundane and practical genetic projects -- for example, those that look for natural ways to make edible plants hardier or more nutritious -- are grossly underfunded. Thus, funding for human gene research should be reduced while funding for other genetic research should be increased. | The principle 'Experiments that have modest but practical goals are more worthwhile than those that have impressive goals but few practical consequences' most helps to justify the geneticist's reasoning, if valid. | entailment |
3,560 | Gamification management: refers to the management behavior of using scoring, ranking, competition and other elements in the game in a scene that is not a game. Its use in the work environment can often increase the emotional investment of employees, thereby improving efficiency. | According to the above definition, hiring new management is a game management behavior. | not-entailment |
10,173 | In an electoral society, every politician has to pander to the voters in order to get elected. Cheng Bian was a super politician who wanted to be elected. So he will try his best to pander to voters. In many cases, you can't pander to voters without writing a lot of lip service. In fact, Cheng Bian was elected. | Mr Cheng must have made a lot of empty promises to voters is the best conclusion that can be deduced from the question. | not-entailment |
13,256 | In a democratic society, when a political interest group exceeds a certain size, the diverse and sometimes conflicting economic interests that can be found in almost any large group of people tend to surface. Once these conflicting interests have surfaced, they can make it impossible for the political interest group to unite behind a common program. Yet to have the political impact necessary to influence legislation, a group must be united. | The statement 'A political interest group can become ineffective by expanding to include as wide a membership as possible' is most strongly supported by the statements above. | entailment |
8,215 | In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public. | The emphasis of the text is that self-media people should seek public support. | not-entailment |
14,902 | The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga. | The arrival of a species of microbe, carried by some birds but deadly to many others, immediately preceded the first human immigration to Tiliga most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
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