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12,197 | The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale--the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists ttherefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians. | The statement 'The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale' most strongly supports the hypothesis. | entailment |
10,850 | A very popular ice-cream shop recently raised the price of an ice-cream soda by $0. 20, from $1. 80 to $2. 00. Within a week of the price increase, all of the waiters-and waitresses had quit. | The statement 'Regular customers continued to frequent the shop, despite the increase in the price of ice cream sodas' would most help to explain the resignations of the waiters and waitresses. | not-entailment |
2,660 | According to the existing laws of physics, it is impossible for any matter to move faster than the speed of light, but a recent astronomical observation challenged this law. The IC310 galaxy, which is far away from Earth, has an active black hole, and the matter that falls into the black hole produces gamma-ray shock waves. Some astronomers have found that the gamma ray travels faster than the speed of light because it takes only 4.8 minutes to cross the boundary of the black hole, while light takes 25 minutes to cover the distance. As a result, these astronomers propose that the law of constant speed of light needs to be modified. | If the astronomer's observation is wrong, or someone has tampered with the astronomical observation data, it would most question the conclusion made by the above-mentioned astronomers. | entailment |
318 | Jupiter is a gas giant planet and the largest planet in the solar system. Its mass is 2.5 times the total mass of the other seven planets in the solar system. Observations have found that most of the more than 70 moons surrounding Jupiter are composed of water ice. Therefore, Jupiter's atmosphere should contain a considerable amount of water. | The statement that the satellite and the planets around it were formed from the same gas and dust at the same time can best support the above statement. | entailment |
12,813 | The use of money causes a civilization to decline. That this is true is shown by the way the troubles of Western civilization began with the invention of money. While real money (gold and silver) is bad enough, imitation money (paper money) is a horror. The decline of Western civilization exactly parallels the increasing use of money -- both real money and worthless paper money -- as a substitute for things of intrinsic value. | The statement 'Eastern cultures have used money, and Eastern civilizations have not declined' could contribute most to a refutation of the argument. | entailment |
12,067 | Most people who shop for groceries no more than three times a month buy prepared frozen dinners regularly. In Hallstown most people shop for groceries no more than three times a month. Ttherefore, in Hallstown most people buy prepared frozen dinners regularly. | The argument 'It is clear that most people in Highland County drive sedans, since most people who commute to work drive sedans and most people in Highland County commute to work' has a flawed pattern of reasoning most like the flawed reasoning in the argument above. | entailment |
13,642 | Broadcaster: Our radio station has a responsibility to serve the public interest. Hence, when our critics contend that our recent expose of events in the private lives of local celebrities was excessively intrusive, we can only reply that the overwhelming public interest in these matters makes it our responsibility to publicize them. | A flaw in the broadcaster's defense of the radio station's practice is improperly exploiting an ambiguity in the phrase public interest. | entailment |
14,205 | Consumer advocate: Manufacturers of children' s toys often place warnings on their products that overstate the dangers their products pose. Product-warning labels should overstate dangers only if doing so reduces injuries. In fact, however, manufacturers overstate their products' dangers merely for the purpose of protecting themselves from lawsuits brought by parents of injured children. Ttherefore, manufacturers of children' s toys should not overstate the dangers their products pose. | The argument presumes, without providing justification, that if a warning overstates a danger, then the warning will fail to prevent injuries most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in the consumer advocate's argument. | not-entailment |
2,512 | Recently, students at Peking University and Tsinghua University issued an initiative calling on college students to boycott unhealthy online games. | There must be unhealthy online games preset for this initiative. | entailment |
6,931 | Malik said Austin was surprised that Premier Zhou said the Chinese people's government believed that any resolution on China's complaint passed by the Security Council without the participation of representatives of the Chinese people would be illegal. | Austin expresses surprise. | entailment |
4,071 | Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities. | According to the above definition, providing free consulting services to the society and promoting the development of information technology is not the information industry. | entailment |
2,833 | In order to reduce traffic congestion, a city has taken measures such as the lower limit: On weekdays from Monday to Friday, non-commercial vehicles are restricted to one day in five groups according to their tail numbers 0, 5, 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4 and 9, and not limited to weekends and legal holidays. Those who break the rules will be fined. | The description that Wang wu and three neighbors have six private cars with different ending numbers and cooperate to drive five cars every day may not violate the traffic restrictions. | entailment |
6,133 | Looking back on the entire industrial chain, the plight of China's milk powder industry is the plight of the upstream small farmer economy. China is at the peak of population birth, and there is a huge gap between the amount of milk powder needed and the production. High-quality milk is a scarce product, especially in the pasture. Today, when dairy farmers are self-supporting, the traditional animal husbandry model has become the biggest constraint to the development of China's milk powder. my country's milk sources cannot meet the skyrocketing market demand. The free-range farming model has been transformed into an industrial pasture-style farming model, which requires many fundamental reforms such as land transfer, agricultural population diversion, and large investment in original capital, which is more difficult than restoring milk powder credit. | The text intended to illustrate China's milk powder industry is It is difficult to get rid of import dependence in a short time. | not-entailment |
13,724 | A study of ticket sales at a summer theater festival found that people who bought tickets to individual plays had a no-show rate of less than 1 percent, while those who paid in advance for all ten plays being performed that summer had a no-show rate of nearly 30 percent. This may be at least in part because the greater the awareness customers retain about the cost of an item, the more likely they are to use it. | If true, the statement 'People who arrived just before the performance began could not be assured of obtaining seats in a preferred location' best serves as an alternative explanation of the results of the study. | not-entailment |
6,886 | Constrained by rising costs and shrinking budgets, NASA has had to postpone or even cancel many research projects. Some worry that Congress will not approve costly projects in the future, such as bringing Martian rocks back to Earth for analysis-the only way scientists think they can determine whether there was life on Mars. | The most accurate summary of the meaning of this text is that the budget for aerospace research purposes is getting higher and higher. | not-entailment |
10,400 | Li Ming is most likely a senior logic teacher. Like most senior logic teachers, Li Ming is familiar with Gödel's completeness theorems and incompleteness theorems, while most people who are not senior logic teachers are not familiar with these theorems. In fact, many people who are not experienced teachers of logic have not even heard of Gödel. | Ignoring the possibility that some senior logic teachers are unfamiliar with Gödel's theorems accurately identifies the flaw in the above reasoning. | not-entailment |
12,880 | Drug manufacturer: Television audiences are sure to realize that the physician recommending our brand of cough syrup in our advertisement is actually an actor playing a role. Hence they will not place undue trust in the advice given by this actor. Ttherefore, networks should relax their guidelines to permit our company to broadcast this advertisement. Television executive: If the audience can tell that the actor is not a physician, then your advertisement need not have a physician figure recommending your product. | The argumentative strategy used by the television executive in response to the drug manufacturer is indicating that the reason the drug manufacturer offers for relaxing the guidelines conflicts with the manufacturer's presumed motive for presenting the image of a physician in the advertisement. | entailment |
5,132 | Administrative counterpart refers to a citizen, a legal person or other organization in a managed position in administrative management. | According to the above definition, a company is an administrative counterpart when it applies to the municipal government for administrative reconsideration. | entailment |
3,918 | The designated agent refers to the agent acting according to the appointment of the people's court or the designated organ. | On behalf of his 10-year-old son, A filed a tort suit against B belongs to the designated agent according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
6,364 | A clear answer to the two questions of What is a good political life? and How to achieve a good political life? is the legal basis for the existence of political philosophy. As a representative of early Western Marxism, yes in the direction of is, Gramsci's answer respected Marx's basic path, that is, only a political life that realizes the full and free liberation of people is the best political life; and in the how direction, starting from the actual situation in Western Europe, Gramsci proposed the path of cultural hegemony. | Gramsci's political philosophy inherited, enriched and developed Marxism is the most appropriate summary of this text. | entailment |
4,748 | The new type of tablet is faster than the traditional tablet. It is installed with a new operating system. Therefore, the sales of the new type of tablet are better than that of the traditional tablet. | No matter what operating system the tablet uses, the usage habits vary from person to person can weaken the above view the most. | entailment |
946 | The latest report by an international paleontology research team showed that the eunotosaurus living in South Africa 280 million years ago is the ancestor of modern tortoises. They survived the mass extinction from Permian to Triassic. At that time, in order to avoid the harsh natural environment, they worked hard to dig into the ground. At the same time, to ensure that their digging movement of forelimbs was strong enough, their body needed a stable support, which resulted in the continuous widening of their ribs. It can be concluded that the tortoise has a shell to adapt to the environment. And the shell is not for protection, but for digging holes underground. | The tortoise shell evolved from the tortoise's ribs which were gradually widened should be added as a prerequisite for the rationality of the above conclusion. | entailment |
2,740 | Host: some netizens call you a Sinology wizard, and some netizens call you a Sinology master. Which name do you think is more suitable for you? | Improper questions in the above questions also exist in various, except for the question 'Do you think people are all selfish, or do you think none of people are selfish?' | not-entailment |
8,468 | The fallacy of segmentation is based on the fact that the whole has a certain property, and it is inferred that some or all of the individuals also have this property. | The fallacy of segmentation is the statement 'The defendant in this case is very rich because he drives a luxury sports car when he goes out.' | not-entailment |
12,318 | Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. <b> Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year's record pace </b>. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and <b> there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year's start-ups </b>. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year's record. | The two portions in boldface play the role of the first being a claim that the argument challenges, and the second being a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument. | not-entailment |
810 | Reckless generalization refers to a logical error of making general conclusions hastily based on only a few cases without accumulating sufficient materials for generalization. | According to the above definition, the option "In order to make a common choice with 20 million elites, please hurry up and buy our online paid courses" is not a rash generalization. | entailment |
2,523 | Once Wang Ying did not participate in a class activity. Afterwards, the monitor asked Wang Ying, Why didn't you come to this class activity? | Wang Ying has never been absent from class activities must be presupposed for the monitor's questions. | not-entailment |
11,621 | Rhett: Otto gives me a ride to work every morning and expects me to help pay for fuel. But I shouldn' t have to pay. Giving me a ride doesn' t increase the amount he spends on fuel, since he has to go right by my house anyway. Barbara: By that flawed logic, you would be entitled to the warm air that heats the unused spare room of my house, if you could divert it to your house without increasing my expenses. | The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Rhett and Barbara disagree over whether Rhett should have to help pay Otto's fuel expenses. | entailment |
6,120 | When talking about French literature in the eyes of the Chinese people, the French can't help but say in a contemptuous tone: you like the camellia girl. in the eyes of the French, it's still some taste to like Dumas. After all, he has a count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers. What does Dumas have? It's just a social flower. French literature is the pride of the French and plays an important role in world literature. It's obviously disrespect for French literature to only like the camellia girl. It became popular in China almost a hundred years ago. At that time, it was the failure of the reform movement of 1898, people were depressed and the road of improvement was not feasible, We have to make do with random novels. The birth of Camellia girl in China is at the right time. | The popularity of Camellia girl in China has a certain social background is what this passage is intended to explain. | entailment |
10,423 | The certification conditions of Organic vegetables in Japan are very strict, requiring that the land where organic vegetables are grown has not been used any pesticides or fertilizers within three years. Organic vegetables in Japan sell for only 20 to 30 percent more than regular vegetables. In China, organic vegetables cost several or even 10 times as much. This shows that organic vegetable farming in China is a lucrative business. | The statement 'Organic vegetables in China are no more expensive to grow than those in Japan' does the conclusion assume. | entailment |
3,527 | Prairie Restaurant is a famous old restaurant on the prairie, but it has some unwritten rules , if prairie restaurant sells both braised mutton and haggis soup on a certain day, it must also sell roast whole lamb; The restaurant never sells roast whole lamb on Sundays; ... People are familiar with these rules and take them for granted. In addition, we also know that Boss Wang only goes to eat at the Grassland Restaurant when he sells braised mutton. | If the Prairie Restaurant sells braised mutton on Sunday, it certainly does not sell haggis soup that day must also be true if this assertion is true. | entailment |
14,986 | Citizen: Our legislators need to act quickly to counter the effects of the recession, especially the present level of unemployment, which is the highest ever. We urgently need a major tax cut for our upper-income citizens. There would then be a correspondingly large increase in investment that would create new jobs. If this measure is not taken, investment will not grow. | The assumption that upper-income citizens could use the money gained from the tax cut in ways that increase investment is required for the citizen's argument. | entailment |
10,856 | Music historian: Some critics lament the fact that impoverished postwar recording studios forced early bebop musicians to record extremely short solos, thus leaving a misleading record of their music. But these musicians' beautifully concise playing makes the recordings superb artistic works instead of mere representations of their live solos. Furthermore, the conciseness characteristic of early bebop musicians' recordings fostered a compactness in their subsequent live playing, which the playing of the next generation lacks. | The statement 'The difficult postwar recording conditions had some beneficial consequences for bebop' most strongly supports the music historian's statements if true. | entailment |
424 | Recently, due to the influence of abnormal weather, the grape production in Turpan has decreased, and the price has increased by 50% over the same period last year, which has greatly increased the cost of wine brewing industry. It is estimated that the wine price will increase significantly compared with last year. | If true, the statement that 'In recent years, wine production process has been greatly improved' weakens the above view most. | not-entailment |
10,569 | A committee works for two years and is composed of 4 members each year, 2 of which are from the following 4 judges: F, G, H and I, and the other 2 members are from the following 3 scientists: V, Y and Z. Each year, the committee is chaired by one member. A member who chairs the first year must retire from the committee during the second year. The person who chairs the second year must be a member of the committee during the first year. The committee members must meet the following conditions: G and V cannot be members of the committee in the same year. H and Y cannot be members of this committee in the same year. Each year, only one of I and V is a member of this committee. | H is not a member of the committee in a given year if F was a member of the committee in that year. | not-entailment |
10,063 | State-owned enterprise workers are laid off and migrant workers move into cities, resulting in a high unemployment rate and a great threat to social stability. Therefore, we must increase the scale of economic development and speed up the economic development. | Only by increasing the scale of economic development and accelerating the speed of economic development can create job opportunities provides the strongest support for the argument in the above. | not-entailment |
11,407 | Midlevel managers at large corporations are unlikely to suggest reductions in staff in their own departments even when these departments are obviously overstaffed. | Staff morale and productivity often suffer when workers are laid off does not support the claim above. | not-entailment |
6,071 | After the four countries of Dali, Wu Yue, South Han to participate in the northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast and other four different alliances, and the four countries to participate in the alliance is different.First, only after joining the Southwest Alliance, the South Han can participate in the Northeast Alliance. Second, if Nanhan joins the Northeast Alliance, Dali will join the Southwest Alliance. Third, after that, Dali has at least one country participating in the Southwest Alliance. Fourth, if The South Han joins the Northwest or Southwest Alliance, Wu Yue will not participate in the Northwest or Southwest Alliance. | South Han simulates participating in the Southwest Alliance can be inferred from the above statement. | not-entailment |
13,288 | In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease. An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville' s public water supply has had a high level of pollutants. Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville' s water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease. | The statement "Most of the people afflicted with new cases of the disease had regularly drunk larger quantities of Harborville's water than had other Harborville residents" does not provide additional support for the researchers' hypothesis. | not-entailment |
6,274 | Insufficient demand has caused overproduction, and layoffs and wage cuts have caused the income of low-income groups to continue to decline. Therefore, demand has become weaker, and overproduction has become more serious. | According to the above sentences, the statement 'Expanding demand can ease the pressure of overproduction' is wrong. | entailment |
2,934 | Professor Zhang pointed out that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examination was divided into four levels, namely, the college examination, the township examination, the imperial examination and the palace examination. Hospital test held in the county, the examination of the said members; Township test held every three years in the provinces and cities, students are eligible to participate in the examination, known as juren, the first name of Jieyuan; The test was held in the second year after the test in the capital of the ministry of Rites. Those who won the test were called gongshi, the first name of gongshi was Huiyuan; The temple examination was held in the year of the examination, presided over by the emperor, gongshi to be eligible to participate in, admission points three jia, a three, two, three a a number of each, collectively referred to as Jinshi, a first name Zhuangyuan. | Not in the Jieyuan, will not be in the Huiyuan is impossible according to professor Zhang's statement. | not-entailment |
5,496 | Inertial thinking is a special psychological preparation or tendency for activities caused by previous activities, which is manifested in that it solves a problem this time. The next time it encounters a similar problem or seemingly the same problem, it can't help but follow the way or order of the last thought | When the situation remains unchanged, inertial thinking is conducive to solving problems quickly is the above paragraph cannot be launched. | not-entailment |
12,589 | Even though trading in ivory has been outlawed by international agreement, some piano makers still use ivory, often obtained illegally, to cover piano keys. Recently, experts have devised a synthetic ivory that, unlike earlier ivory substitutes, has found favor with concert pianists throughout the world. But because piano makers have never been major consumers of ivory, the development of the synthetic ivory will ttherefore probably do little to help curb the killing of elephants, from whose tusks most natural ivory is obtained. | The new synthetic ivory can be manufactured to resemble in color and surface texture any of the various types of natural ivory that have commercial uses most helps to strengthen the argument. | entailment |
7,095 | Civil legal relationship is a social relationship with civil rights and obligations between civil subjects regulated by civil law. | A civil legal relationship exists between young man A and young girl B because young man A donated a love token to young girl B. | entailment |
2,551 | Among the students admitted to the university in a certain city, the proportion of female students is higher than that of male students. According to this fact, Mr. Wang thinks that girls in this city study better than boys. | The statement 'Among the examinees, the proportion of boys is lower than that of girls' weakens Mr. Wang's conclusion most. | entailment |
3,932 | Three buyers go to a shop regularly. A goes to the store every 9 days, B goes to the store every 11 days and C goes to the store every 7 days. The three met at the store for the first time on Tuesday. | The date of their next meeting is Tuesday. | not-entailment |
6,674 | No matter it is accurate, vivid or vivid, it is always appropriate to use the required words in terms of language.Only in this way can the concept expressed be accurate and make people feel bright. to put it mysteriously, there is still its tone and color in the words. | The main idea of this passage is that language is a mysterious thing, according to the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
6,645 | While traveling in Russia, the French writer Dumas came to a city and decided to visit the largest bookstore in the city. When the owner heard that the writer was coming, he put duma's books on all the shelves, to duma's delight. Duma went into the bookstore and looked. 'The boss said,' All...... Sold out. | The joke is about the boss satirizing Dumas for not selling his book. | not-entailment |
4,427 | Technological innovation is a complete process from the generation of new products or processes to market application. It includes a series of activities from the generation of new ideas, research, development, commercial production to promotion; From commercial production to promotion, it is the process of promoting the creation of brand intellectual property rights. | Technicians have introduced and absorbed foreign developed technologies, designed and produced high-speed EMUs with independent intellectual property rights, and have been applied to Beijing Tianjin, Wuhan Guangzhou and other lines belongs to technological innovation according to the above definition. | entailment |
5,183 | Zhang Xiaomeng, Wang Bing, Li Ping and Xu Xiaomei, senior three students of Beishan No. 1 middle school, have entered the top eight of the school's badminton Torch Cup competition; A said, Wang Bing, Li Ping is the best hope to win the championship. B said: Wang Bing, Li Ping can't win the championship at all. C said: Zhang Xiaomeng is in a bad mental state today, and she can't win the championship. Ding said: Xu Xiaomei can win the gold medal. the result is unknown. Only one person guessed right. | Zhang Xiaomeng is the winner of the Torch Cup competition. | entailment |
9,924 | In recent years, the postgraduate entrance examination continues to heat up. Correspondingly, all kinds of tutoring classes for postgraduate entrance examination emerge as the times require, especially English and political tutoring classes are almost a necessary choice for those who take the postgraduate entrance examination. Xiaozhuang, who has just started the job, is also going to take the postgraduate entrance examination, so Xiaozhuang must attend an English tutoring class. | If you attend an English tutoring class, you can pass the postgraduate entrance examination can best strengthen the above argument. | not-entailment |
14,486 | Law student: Law students cannot have a social life if they have any hope of succeeding academically. The daily reading and never-ending exam preparation frustrate all aspects of friendships. My friends sometimes invite me to watch a movie or go to a baseball game, but I can' t go. Our professors warned us of the workload and its affect on free time at the start of the semester. It' s completely impossible to budget fun into my busy schedule. I don' t know any law students who have any fun whatsoever. | The reasoning in the law student's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument improperly relies on an inappropriate authority. | not-entailment |
7,062 | WiFi relies on invisible radio wave transmission, equipment power is increasing, and local electromagnetic radiation is bound to increase; The wireless signal passes through the wall and the network information is unsafe. These security risks are swept away in lifi. The spectrum is 10000 times larger than the radio spectrum, which means greater bandwidth and higher speed. The network setting hardly needs any new infrastructure. Lifi technology itself has its limitations. If the light is blocked, The network signal will be cut off. At present, a series of key technical products are hands-on by researchers. There is no commercial chipset. There is still a long way to go to thousands of households like WiFi | The statement 'Lifi completes network setup without any infrastructure' is inconsistent with the original text. | entailment |
3,324 | Some skin care cosmetics with excellent results are made by Noah Company. All of Noah's skin care products are expensive, and expensive skin care products are trusted by women without exception. | Some cosmetics that work well are trusted by women can't be inferred from the conclusion of the problem. | not-entailment |
1,514 | Although architecture originated from practical life requirements such as cold prevention, heat elimination, shade and safety, in the history of architecture, human beings paid far less cooperative labor for solving practical life than for non practical aspects. Palaces, temples, altars, tombs, churches, monuments, gardens, etc. these buildings that all or basically serve spiritual life have far more achievements than houses and workshops, Fortress and other buildings serving material life. The evolution of architectural form and architectural style is often the most sensitive witness to the material and spiritual life of a generation of society. In the west, people vividly call architecture a history written in stone. | People vividly call architecture history written in stone because architecture serves both spiritual life and material life, both of which contain historical aesthetic factors.
| not-entailment |
12,344 | Fossil-fuel producers say that it would be prohibitively expensive to reduce levels of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels enough to halt global warming. This claim is probably false. Several years ago, the chemical industry said that finding an economical alternative to the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroying the ozone layer would be impossible. Yet once the industry was forced, by international agreements, to find substitutes for CFCs, it managed to phase them out completely well before the mandated deadline, in many cases at a profit. | If international agreements forced fossil-fuel producers to find ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions enough to halt global warming, the fossil-fuel producers could find substitutes for fossil fuels, which strengthens the argument. | not-entailment |
7,878 | People eat when they are hungry. Once you eat energy nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat and protein, you can eliminate hunger. This hunger, which lacks energy and nutrients, is dominant hunger. However, 16 kinds of mineral elements such as iron and zinc and 13 kinds of vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin E are needed for human health. Lack of these micronutrients can lead to hidden hunger. Obviously, dominant hunger can be solved as long as it is full, while hidden hunger can only be dealt with by eating well. | According to the above statement, it can be inferred that it is more important for people to eliminate dominant hunger and only when they are full can they eat well. | not-entailment |
11,237 | There is evidence to suggest that our cave-dwelling ancestors polished many of their flints to a degree far surpassing what was necessary for hunting purposes. It seems, ttherefore, that early humans possessed an aesthetic sense. | Flints were often used by early humans for everyday chores other than hunting most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
14,024 | In order to control the deer population, a biologist has proposed injecting female deer during breeding season with 10 milligrams of a hormone that would suppress fertility. Critics have charged that the proposal poses health risks to people who might eat the meat of treated deer and thereby ingest unsafe quantities of the hormone. The biologist has responded to these critics by pointing out that humans can ingest up to 10 milligrams of the hormone a day without any adverse effects, and since no one would eat even one entire deer a day, the treatment would be safe. | The assumption that the hormone that would be injected into the deer is chemically similar to hormones used in human contraceptives is the basis of the biologist's response to critics of the proposal. | not-entailment |
12,963 | Marine biologist: Scientists have long wondered why the fish that live around coral reefs exhibit such brilliant colors. One suggestion is that coral reefs are colorful and, ttherefore, that colorful fish are camouflaged by them. Many animal species, after all, use camouflage to avoid predators. However, as regards the populations around reefs, this suggestion is mistaken. A reef stripped of its fish is quite monochromatic. Most corals, it turns out, are relatively dull browns and greens. | The main conclusion drawn in the marine biologist's argument is that the brightly colored fish living near reefs use camouflage to avoid predators. | not-entailment |
12,712 | Most popular historical films are not documentaries; they are dramatic presentations of historical events. Such presentations cannot present the evidence for the accuracy of what they portray. Consequently, uninformed viewers of dramatic historical films should not regard them as accurate portrayals of historical events. | The principle 'Historical documentaries should be careful to present all the evidence when attempting to inform their audiences about historical events' most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument. | not-entailment |
3,979 | Administrative license refers to the act of an administrative organ granting a citizen, legal person or other organization permission to engage in certain activities upon examination in accordance with law. | According to the above definition, the appointment of Sun Qiang as the Plenipotentiary by Company B is an administrative license. | entailment |
5,379 | In a survey, up to 2 / 3 of the respondents believed that the most important factor affecting the sense of security was the level of income. Analyzing the sense of security of people with different incomes, it was found that the sense of security of people with a monthly income of 3000 ~ 6000 yuan was significantly lower than that of people with a monthly income of 6000 ~ 8000 yuan. Therefore, the lower the income, the lower the sense of security, | People with an income of 1500 ~ 3000 yuan have a better sense of security cannot weaken the above view. | not-entailment |
12,121 | A major chemical spill occurred five years ago at Baker' s Beach, the world' s sole nesting ground for Merrick sea turtles, and prevented nearly all the eggs laid that year from hatching. Yet the number of adult female Merricks returning to lay their eggs at Baker' s Beach has actually increased somewhat since five years ago. Clearly, environmentalists' prediction that the world' s Merrick population would decline as a result of the spill has proven unfounded. | The statement 'The chemical spill five years ago occurred at a time when there were neither Merrick sea turtles nor Merrick sea turtle eggs on Baker's Beach' most seriously undermines the argument offered in refutation of the environmentalists' prediction. | not-entailment |
2,065 | Dashan, a Canadian actor who came to China, was once stopped by traffic police when he exceeded the required speed on the outskirts of Beijing. Dashan asked, how many kilometers per hour will you be fined? The traffic police said: if you reach a speed of 80 kilometers per hour, you will have to pay a fine. Dashan said, I've only been driving for half an hour, and it's not more than 50 kilometers. The traffic policeman was stunned. Dashan argued again: well, in the remaining half an hour, I will only run 29 kilometers. You might as well follow me. If you exceed one meter, I will not only accept the punishment, but also invite you to eat Mongolian Hot Pot! When the traffic police heard this, they couldn't laugh or cry, but they didn't know how to argue with him for a moment. | He made the logical mistake of secretly changing concepts is an accurate understanding of Dashan's excuse in this paragraph. | not-entailment |
1,248 | The researchers found that the stem structure and growth pattern of ancient branch ferns were significantly different from those of living trees. In common living trees, the tissue vascular bundles that play the role of support and transportation are often a single whole. Through continuous secondary growth, it thickens the stems of trees and produces rings. In Devonian branch ferns, there are at least dozens of independent vascular bundle systems intertwined into a network. On the whole, they are cylindrical and form a three-dimensional grid system with other dredging organizations. in this grid system composed of vascular bundles, each single vascular bundle can grow thicker and produce growth rings, and at the same time, by splitting and proliferating each other, the vascular bundle system is constantly expanded to achieve the thickening of the plant as a whole. | The most suitable title for this passage is "Reveal how ancient plants grow." | entailment |
4,810 | A company limited by shares refers to a company that is composed of a certain number of shareholders or more, and all of its capital is divided into equal shares. The shareholders only bear limited liability to the company for the shares they subscribe, that is, the amount of capital contributed, and the company assumes responsibility for the company's debts with all its assets company. | Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang and other people in the village plan to build a village elementary school is not a joint stock company. | not-entailment |
9,050 | Sociologist: statistics show that at present, about 1 million people commit suicide around the world every year, that is to say, an average of one person commits suicide in tens of seconds. If people's perception of suicidal behavior can be changed, this phenomenon can be avoided. | People sometimes think that suicidal behavior is not acceptable, but it is understandable and must be respected is assumed by the sociologist's assertion. | not-entailment |
849 | Consumer supervision right refers to the right of consumers to supervise goods and services and the protection of consumer rights. | According to the above definition, Xiao Zhang found a safety hazard in an elevator in a shopping mall and immediately reported it to the relevant department belongs to consumer supervision right. | entailment |
11,785 | For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city. There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving. The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses, so damage to Palitito' s buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly. | Tour buses typically spend less than one-quarter of the time they are in Palitito transporting passengers from one site to another most strongly supports the argument. | entailment |
1,317 | Consolidating computational thinking is an important goal of each education stage. Only in this way can students' ability develop upward on the basis of the previous level. Computational thinking is helpful to solve problems in any field. For example, decompose a large problem into several small problems, and design the feasible path of small experiments through reasoning. Using these strategies in different environments can make students understand that computational thinking is far more useful than computers. | We can cultivate Computational Thinking in a phased way is accurate with regard to the above words. | not-entailment |
14,548 | A local television station is considering a plan to create a panel of child psychologists to review programs in advance of their airing and rate the level of violence. A program that portrays a high level of violence would be listed in newspapers with four guns after the title. On the other hand, if a show has little violence, one gun would appear after its listing. The station believes that this remedy would forewarn parents about the level of violence in any given program. | The local television station must assume that it has an obligation to forewarn parents of the level of violence in television shows in order to conclude that the plan will meet its stated purpose. | not-entailment |
13,747 | The temperature in Taychester is always at least 10 degrees lower than the temperature in Chariesville. However, the average resident of Charlesville spends 10 to 20 percent more on winter heating expenses than does the average resident of Taychester. | Although Chariesville is always fairly warm during the daytime, temperatures in Charlesville drop steeply at night does not help to resolve the apparent paradox described above. | entailment |
9,139 | In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to decide a penalty, because no matter how many cameras follow the game on the field, some foul actions will inevitably be missed, and it is impossible to be aware of what happened to you in the past. | The statement 'We shouldn't want the police because they can't stop all criminal activities' is most similar to the above argument. | entailment |
8,967 | There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department. | If the statement "I and W are assigned to the sales department" is true, the allocation of seven employees can be fully determined. | entailment |
476 | It is reported that the global temperature has been rising continuously for more than 150 years due to the massive emission of greenhouse gases by human beings. However, compared with 1970-1998, the rise rate of the global surface average temperature has slowed down significantly since 1999, and the rise rate of the average temperature has not been obvious in the past 15 years, so the global warming is not so serious. | Natural disasters caused by climate warming have occurred in recent years weakens the above argument most. | not-entailment |
2,930 | A university sports meeting is about to be held, the school of Economics and Management plans to form a representative team of 12 people to participate in the competition, the players will be selected from the students of 4 grades of the college. College regulations: each grade must choose one or two of the five events in long-distance running, sprint, high jump, long jump, shot put to participate in the competition, the rest of the events can be arbitrary choice; If a grade chooses to run, it cannot choose to sprint or jump; If a grade chooses the long jump, can not choose to run or shot put; Each team member participates in only one event. The number of players selected for the representative team varies from grade to grade. The number of players in two grades multiplied by the number of players in the other grade. | According to the above information, six people can be selected in a grade. | entailment |
494 | A scientific research institution proposed that wet sand was the key for the ancient Egyptians to carry huge stones and statues in the desert. The researchers pointed out that the ancient Egyptians put heavy stones on the sled, laid a layer of wet sand in front of the sled, and then dragged them. This transportation method had an unexpected effect. In the experiment, the researchers used a rheometer to test the hardness of sand, in order to confirm how much traction force is needed to deform a certain amount of sand. And on this basis, a traction model is designed. It is found that it is easier to move heavy objects when wet sand is laid before the skid, and the water content in the sand determines the hardness and traction force of the sand. | The statement 'Skid traction is inversely proportional to the hardness of sand, which is twice as hard as dry sand' best supports the above conclusion. | entailment |
8,927 | A group traveling to Tibet, besides Lhasa, there are six cities or scenic spots to choose from: E City, F City, G Lake, H mountain, I peak, J Lake. Considering such factors as time, funds, plateau environment and personnel's physical condition, (1) at least one of G lake and J Lake should be visited. (2) If you don't go to E city or F city, you can't go to G Lake. (3) If you don't go to E city, you can't go to H Mountain. (4) Lake J can be reached only after crossing peak I. | If the team does not go to I-peak due to climate, the group went to F city and Lake G must be true. | entailment |
6,295 | A city issued a purchase restriction order. After that, many netizens expressed their support for the purchase restriction order, and hoped that the house prices in the city would fall under the influence of the purchase restriction order. According to the survey results of SouFang.com, one month after the introduction of the purchase restriction order, nearly 70% of netizens expressed dissatisfaction with it. They believed that the regulation effect during this month was not good and not as effective as expected. | Netizens' views on the purchase restriction order in a city is the main content of the above passage. | entailment |
14,406 | Although the school would receive financial benefits if it had soft drink vending machines in the cafeteria, we should not allow them. Allowing soft drink machines there would not be in our students' interest. If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy. | The argument depends on the assumption that students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria. | not-entailment |
9,572 | Online social consumption refers to a way of consumption. In the process of online social, it will have the desire to impromptu consumption of certain goods, with the help of the link of the social platform to complete the purchasing behavior. | The popular boat-shaped hat worn by singer Xiaolan in a short video of a cover of classic old songs is an example of online social consumption. | not-entailment |
11,446 | Plant species differ in that renewed growth in spring can be triggered by day length or by temperature or else by a combination of both. Day length is the same, year after year, for any given date. Ttherefore, any plant species that starts to grow again on widely different dates in different years resumes growth at least in part in response to temperature. | The argument that some landfills charge garbage companies by volume only, some charge by weight only, and all others use a formula sensitive to both volume and weight, and that if at a particular landfill the charges for two particular loads of equal volume dumped on the same day are different, weight must determine, or help determine, charges at that landfill is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above. | entailment |
3,072 | On the one hand, due to the intelligent trend of artificial intelligence and robots, the proportion of labor cost in the total investment in manufacturing industry will be further reduced, so as to accelerate the weakening of China's factor low-cost advantage; On the other hand, developed countries use their first mover advantage in the industrial revolution to continuously strengthen their global competitive advantage and high-end position in the value chain. If China cannot quickly adapt to the trend of the new industrial revolution, the technological gap between China and foreign countries may further expand due to the disruptive and revolutionary changes in social economy caused by intelligent manufacturing technology, It may also inhibit China's industrial transformation and upgrading and block the original strict industrial catch-up path, which is not conducive to China's manufacturing industry rising to the high end of the global value chain. | The challenge of industrial revolution to China's manufacturing industry is correct according to the above materials. | entailment |
4,329 | W-12 is a virus that seriously harms the growth of grains and causes a large reduction in grain production every year. Scientists have found that inserting a gene extracted from W-12 into a grain gene that is susceptible to infection can make The grain produces antibodies to W-12, which greatly reduces losses. | When plants acquire antibodies to certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will also change some of their growth characteristics does not strengthen the above conclusion. | entailment |
8,417 | The Renaissance is generally regarded as an ideological and artistic movement that originated in Italy in the 14th century and then spread throughout Europe. Colonialism is often associated with the historical development of Europe since the end of the 15th century, such as the opening of new routes, the discovery of new continents and the political enslavement, economic exploitation and military occupation of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the past, the studies of the two are far apart, but recently some scholars have keenly grasped that there is a covert superposition relationship between the two. | The most likely topic to be described in this passage next is how the Renaissance triggered the ideological and artistic movement in Europe. | not-entailment |
2,068 | A man was traveling to Russia. When he was shopping, he found two strange people: one was digging a hole in the front, and the other was filling the dirt with a shovel at the back. The man thought it strange, so he asked them what they were doing. They replied that they were planting trees. The man found it even weirder. The two men explained that the man in charge of planting the saplings was ill and did not come. | This passage gives us the enlightenment that there should be a sense of responsibility in the work. | entailment |
10,338 | All green or germinated potatoes contain more toxic alkaloids-solanine. None of the checked potatoes are green or sprouted. Therefore, the checked potatoes are safe to eat. | If the statement "Green or germinated potatoes are not safe to eat" is used as a hypothesis, the conclusion of the above reasoning can be logically inferred. | not-entailment |
11,284 | Old rose varieties have less vibrant colors than modern rose varieties, but are superior in fragrance. This situation has arisen because the modern rose varieties were developed to meet customer demand and marketed mainly through catalogs: colors, but not fragrances, can be photographed. | The statement 'People in earlier times would have found the vibrant colors of modern roses too harsh' most strengthens the support for the causal claim made above. | not-entailment |
10,806 | Sociologists study folktales because they provide a means of understanding the distinctive values of a culture. However, the folktales in almost all cultures are adaptations of the same ancient narratives to the local milieu. | The statement 'The manner in which a culture adapts its narratives reveals information about the values of that culture' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above. | entailment |
11,010 | Electronic cigarettes should not be subject to the same regulation as other products that contain nicotine. Recent studies indicate that electronic cigarettes help people quit smoking by providing nicotine without the harmful tar and additive chemicals. Although electronic cigarettes also contain their own additives, they are much less harmful in the short-term than traditional cigarettes. People who smoke electronic cigarettes are ten times less likely to die from cancer than smokers of traditional cigarettes. | The statement 'The additives in electronic cigarettes have not been tested as thoroughly as those in traditional cigarettes' most weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
14,902 | The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3, 000 years ago. A comparison of this top layer with the underlying 150 centimeters of soil -- accumulated over 80, 000 years -- reveals that before humans arrived on Tiliga, a much larger and more diverse population of birds lived there. Thus, the arrival of humans dramatically decreased the population and diversity of birds on Tiliga. | The arrival of a species of microbe, carried by some birds but deadly to many others, immediately preceded the first human immigration to Tiliga most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
10,086 | The 12th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held in Spain, and at least one of Prof. Hacker, Prof. Maas and Prof. Reger attended the conference. Known: (1) Those who sign up for the conference must submit an English academic paper, and the invitation letter will be issued after expert review. (2) If Prof. Hacker attends this conference, then Prof. Maas must attend. (3) Prof. Reger submitted a German academic paper to the conference. | Both Prof. Hacker and Prof. Maas attended the conference must be true based on the above. | not-entailment |
4,443 | Finally, I was convinced that I couldn't stop you from leaving, so I began to enjoy loneliness again. | The statement "I'm not sure if I can't stop you from leaving, but I can only start enjoying loneliness again" is the premise of the above reasoning. | not-entailment |
11,814 | Principle: If you sell an item that you know to be defective, telling the buyer that the item is sound, you thereby commit fraud. Application: Wilton sold a used bicycle to Harris, knowing very little about its condition. Wilton told Harris that the bicycle was in good working condition, but Harris soon learned that the brakes were defective. Wilton was ttherefore guilty of fraud. | The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the application uses the word defective in a sense that is crucially different from how it is used in the statement of the principle. | entailment |
11,505 | Students asked by a psychologist to tell a lie before discussion groups vastly overestimated how many people in the discussion groups could tell they were lying. Other research has found that when volleyball players perform unusually poorly on the court, teammates notice this far less often than the players expect. Finally, in one research experiment a student wearing a funny T-shirt entered a room full of people. Questioning revealed that only a small fraction of the people in the room noticed the shirt, contrary to the student' s expectations. | The statement "People tend to believe their appearance and behavior are noticed by others more often than is actually the case" is best illustrated by the statements above. | entailment |
7,027 | In 1993, scholars pointed out that the examination system is closely related to the national education system and social situation of various countries, and the examination system of some countries is highly persistent and difficult to change;In some countries, the examination system is undergoing substantial or even rapid restructuring. In addition, the reform direction of examination system in different countries is also different | The recruitment system of colleges and universities has its own advantages and disadvantages, which is difficult to distinguish between the advantages and disadvantages reflects the author's point of view. | entailment |
1,958 | The map is originally a shape, it should not have people, and there can be no people, if there is a person in the map, it is not a map, but a picture. In the strict sense, this sentence should be a theorem, but when it comes to some tourist pictures, it is likely to turn a corner-there are often both scenery and characters in tourism. This is just like Mount Tai, Qin Shihuang must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Terracotta Warriors, emperors of the Ming Dynasty must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Ming Tombs, and Empress Dowager Cixi must be mentioned in the tourist map of the Summer Palace. Because in that environment, many scenes are produced by human activities as the starting point, but also because of human activities, its aesthetic value has increased. | Tourist maps must have landmarks, scenery, and characters are considered by the author of this passage. | entailment |
10,021 | No one can avoid making mistakes. Not everyone will make serious mistakes. | If the above judgment is correct, everyone must make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes must be correct. | entailment |
12,993 | Voters commonly condemn politicians for being insincere, but politicians often must disguise their true feelings when they make public statements. If they expressed their honest views-about, say, their party's policies-then achieving politically necessary compromises would be much more difficult. Clearly, the very insincerity that people decry shows that our government is functioning well. | Achieving political compromises is not all that is necessary for the proper functioning of a government most seriously undermines this reasoning. | entailment |
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