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The choreography was adapted for the festival's performing space by Baayork Lee who had played Connie in the original production and subsequently became a close collaborator of Michael Bennett, the original choreographer.
The German language version was again directed by Lee and first opened in 1987 in Vienna, Austria, where it ran for one season followed by the German language CD-release produced by Jimmy Bowien in 1988.
The first—and as of 2016 only—professional Hungarian production of the musical opened its limited run on March 25, 1988 under the title "" ().
It was performed by Ódry Színpad (the company of the Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest) translated into Hungarian by György Gebora, and directed by Imre Kerényi.
The character Zach was renamed Michael and played by Kerényi.
The 2006 Broadway revival opened at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theater October 5, 2006, following a run in San Francisco.
The revival closed August 17, 2008, after 759 performances and 18 previews.
It cost $8 million to finance and recouped its investment in 19 weeks.
The production was directed by Bob Avian, with the choreography reconstructed by Baayork Lee, who had played Connie Wong in the original Broadway production.
The opening night cast included Paul McGill, Michael Berresse, Charlotte d'Amboise, Mara Davi, James T. Lane, Tony Yazbeck, Heather Parcells, Alisan Porter, Jason Tam, Jessica Lee Goldyn, Deidre Goodwin, and Chryssie Whitehead.
On April 15, 2008, Mario Lopez joined the cast as the replacement for Zach.
The production was the subject of the documentary film "Every Little Step".
The production received two Tony Award nominations in 2007 for Featured Role (Charlotte d'Amboise) and Revival (Musical).
The original contract for "A Chorus Line" provided for sharing the revenue from the show with the directors and dancers that had attended the original workshop sessions.
However, the contract did not specify revenue when the musical was revived in 2006.
In February 2008, an agreement was reached with the dancers and Michael Bennett's estate.
A 2008 U.S. touring production opened May 4, 2008, at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts and toured through June 2009.
This production featured Michael Gruber as Zach, Nikki Snelson as Cassie, Emily Fletcher as Sheila, and Gabrielle Ruiz as Diana.
In 2012, the musical toured Australia gaining much critical acclaim.
Bayyork Lee directed the production and it gained many nominations including, Helpmann nominations for Best Actress in a Musical for West End star, Anita Louise Combe playing Cassie, Best supporting Actress in a musical, Deborah Krizak and Best supporting Actor in a musical, Euan Doidge and it won best musical.
The same production and cast then came to Singapore, playing at the Marina Bay Sands, Sands Theater, May 4 to May 27, 2012.
The show returned to London for a revival in February 2013 West End at the London Palladium, running through August of that year.
It was directed by original choreographer, Bob Avian, with John Partridge, Scarlett Strallen, and Victoria Hamilton-Barritt starring.
James T. Lane is reprising his Broadway role and Leigh Zimmerman won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical for her portrayal of Sheila in this production.
Producers announced June 9, 2013, that the London revival cast would record a new cast album featuring never-before-heard songs which were written for the show but never made the final cut.
In 2015, the Original Broadway cast of "Hamilton" paid tribute to A Chorus Line's 40th anniversary and performed "What I Did For Love" with the original cast of A Chorus Line joining them on stage.
Reports surfaced in June 2016 that a second Broadway revival is planned for 2025, in honor of the show's 50th anniversary.
In 2016, approval was granted to director Donna Feore to allow changes in choreography so the show could be performed for the first time on a thrust stage, the Festival Theatre at the Stratford Festival of Canada.
In 2018, New York City Center presented "A Chorus Line" as their annual gala presentation.
The production was directed by Bob Avian, co-choreographer of the original 1975 production, and choreographed by Baayork Lee, Broadway's original Connie Wong.
In 1975, the film rights were sold to Universal Pictures for $5.5 million plus 20% of the distributor's gross rentals above $30 million.
Universal subsequently sold the rights to PolyGram.
An unsuccessful film adaptation was released in 1985, starring Michael Douglas as Zach.
As Kelly Bishop, the original Sheila, later noted, "it was appalling when director Richard Attenborough went on a talk show and said 'this is a story about kids trying to break into show business.'
I almost tossed my TV out the window; I mean what an "idiot!"
It's about veteran dancers looking for one last job before it's too late for them to dance anymore.
No wonder the film sucked!"
In 1976, "One" and "What I Did For Love" were performed by the cast of ""The Brady Bunch Variety Hour"."
In 1988, the 60th Academy Awards featured a variation of "I Hope I Get It" at the beginning of the ceremony.
In 1990, original cast members Baayork Lee and Thommie Walsh collaborated with Robert Viagas on the book "On the Line: The Creation of A Chorus Line", which chronicles the musical's origins and evolution and includes interviews with the entire original cast.
In 1990, Visa launched a marketing campaign around "A Chorus Line" as it was touring the United States.
The promotions included television commercials featuring the musical and the right to say that tickets for the show could be charged only on Visa cards.
Visa paid $500,000 for the promotion.
Also in 1990, much of the original cast reunited to perform selections from the musical as well as talk about it on the talk show "Donahue".
This performance was given to benefit the final run of the show as it was about to close on Broadway at the time.
The highlight of the appearance was an emotionally charged performance of "At The Ballet" as performed by Kelly Bishop, Kay Cole and Nancy Lane which left several of the cast and the studio audience fighting back tears.
Another highlight was the comical performance of "Dance: Ten, Looks: Three (Tits and Ass)" as done by Pamela Blair.
Renee Baughman was the only original cast member who couldn't attend the show's taping because she had to care for her seriously ill father.
"The Simpsons" episode "Treehouse of Horror V" closes with a parody of "One", which the Simpson family and Groundskeeper Willie sing (with alternate lyrics) after they are turned inside out by a mysterious fog.
Michael Bennett and Ed Kleban are portrayed in the 2001 musical "A Class Act", a partly fictionalized account of Kleban's life using some of the lyricist's unpublished songs.
In "What I'll Never Do For Love Again," the 20th episode of the fifth season of "Ally McBeal" (2002), Elaine Vassal auditions (ultimately in vain) for a Boston production of "A Chorus Line," singing "Dance: Ten; Looks: Three" and "The Music and the Mirror."
James D. Stern and Adam Del Deo produced and directed a documentary film about the musical called "Every Little Step", which includes footage of Michael Bennett and interviews with Marvin Hamlisch, Bob Avian, former theater critic for "The New York Times" Frank Rich, and original cast members Donna McKechnie and Baayork Lee.
The film includes some of the audiotapes made at the early workshop sessions and shows behind-the-scenes footage of the audition, rehearsals, and performances of both the original 1975 production and the 2006 Broadway revival.
Production of the documentary began in 2005 when 3,000 hopefuls arrived on the first day of auditions for the revival.
The film made its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2008 and was released as "Broadway Broadway" in Japan the following month.
The documentary opened in limited release in the US in April 2009.
In 2009, music from the score was used in the television series "Fringe" in the episode "Brown Betty", and also in the movie "Land of the Lost" that same year featuring Will Ferrell, Danny McBride, and Anna Friel
The song "What I Did for Love" has been recorded by Aretha Franklin on "Sweet Passion" (1977), Petula Clark, The Three Degrees on their 1977 album "Standing Up for Love", Me First and the Gimme Gimmes on "Are a Drag" (1999), Christine Ebersole in a 2009 episode of "The Colbert Report", and most recently by Lea Michele in the first episode of the second season of the hit musical television series "Glee".
In a later episode in the same season, Jenna Ushkowitz and Harry Shum Jr. performed "Sing!
", although the male and female vocals were switched.
The episode "Hell-O" from the show's first season was planned to feature a performance of "Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love", although the performance was cut; in a later episode the song can be heard playing in the background.
Never officially released, the song was performed by Lea Michele and Jonathan Groff.
"At The Ballet" was featured in the show's fourth season and was performed by Chris Colfer, Naya Rivera, Lea Michele and Sarah Jessica Parker.
The "South Park" episode "W.T.F."
features a scene that opens with the piano intro for "One" followed by a parody of "Nothing".
The "Scrubs" episode "My Malpractical Decision" features a parody of "One", accompanying an imaginary sequence in which Neena Broderick repeatedly assaults a barrage of unfortunate bystanders in the genitals.
In the "House MD" Season 6 episode, "The Down Low", James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard) starts singing "One" in the last few seconds of the episode, much to the discomfort of Wilson's best friend, Gregory House (Hugh Laurie).
In August 2013, ACL alumna Melissa R. Randel ("Judy Turner") mounted her original production, "The Hat", at The New York International Fringe Festival – FringeNYC.
"The Hat" was inspired by her experience as a young Broadway dancer who learns on the eve of a performance that her father has died.
Randel appeared in more than 2,000 performances of the musical from 1981 to 1985 at Broadway's Shubert Theatre and on National and international tours, and can be seen as a featured dancer in Richard Attenborough's film, "A Chorus Line".
P-15 Termit
The P-15 "Termit (; ) is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s.
Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was Styx or SS-N-2.
China acquired the design in 1958 and created at least four versions: the CSS-N-1 "Scrubbrush and CSS-N-2 versions were developed for ship-launched operation, while the CSS-C-2 "Silkworm and CSS-C-3 "Seersucker were used for coastal defence.
Other names for this basic type of missile include: HY-1, SY-1, and FL-1 "Flying Dragon" (Chinese designations typically differ for export and domestic use, even for otherwise identical equipment) .
North Korean local produced KN-1 or KN-01, derived from both Silkworm variants and Russian & URSS P-15, Rubezh, P-20 P-22 .
Despite its massive size, thousands of P-15s were built and installed on many classes of ships from MTBs to destroyers, as well as coastal batteries and even bombers (Chinese versions).
The P-15 was quite successful in the conflicts where it was deployed.
The P-15 was not the first anti-ship missile in Soviet service; that distinction goes to the SS-N-1 "Scrubber", and to the aircraft-launched AS-1 Kennel.
The SS-N-1 was a powerful but rather raw system, and it was quickly superseded by the SS-N-3 "Shaddock".
This weapon was fitted to 4,000-ton Kynda class cruisers and replaced an initial plan for 30,000-ton battlecruisers armed with 305mm and 45mm guns.
Rather than rely on a few heavy and costly ships, a new weapons system was designed to fit smaller, more numerous vessels, while maintaining sufficient striking power.
The P-15 was developed by the Soviet designer Beresyniak, who helped in the development of the BI rocket interceptor.
The first variant was the P-15, with fixed wings.
The basic design of the missile, retained for all subsequent versions, featured a cylindrical body, a rounded nose, two delta wings in the center and three control surfaces in the tail.
It was also fitted with a solid-fueled booster under the belly.
This design was based on the Yak-1000 experimental fighter built in 1951.
The weapon was meant to be cheap, but at the same time capable of giving an ordinary missile boat the same 'punch' as a battleship's salvo.
The onboard electronics were based on a simple analog design, with a homing conical scanning radar sensor.
It used a more reliable rocket engine with acid fuel in preference to a turbojet.
Some shortcomings were never totally solved, due to the liquid propellant of the rocket engine: the acid fuel gradually corroded the missile fuselage.
Launches were not possible outside a temperature range of -15/+38C°.
The missile weighed around 2,340 kg, had a top speed of Mach 0.9 and a range of 40 km.
The explosive warhead was behind the fuel tank, and as the missile retained a large amount of unburned fuel at the time of impact, even at maximum range, it acted as an incendiary device.
The warhead itself was a 500 kg hollow charge (HEAT), larger than the semi-armour piercing (SAP) warhead typical of anti-ship missiles.
The launch was usually made with the help of electronic support measures (ESM) gear and Garpun radar at a range of between 5.5 and 27 km due to the limitations of the targeting system.
The Garpun's range against a destroyer was about 20 km.
The onboard sensor was activated at 11 km from impact, the missile would begin to descend at 1-2° to the target, because the flight pattern was about 120–250m above sea level.
In minimum range engagements there was the possibility of using active sensors at shorter distances, as little as 2.75 km.
The P-15U was introduced in 1965, with improved avionics and folding wings, enabling the use of smaller containers.