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The Brotherhood meet to determine how to respond and eventually Maksim Krzywonos (Krivonos) agrees to lead a 60,000 army to Machnówka (Makhnovka) to fight the Prince.
His son besieges the castle but the Prince's hussars eventually crush the rebels.
Skrzetuski is dispatched to persuade some German infantry to the Prince Jeremi's side but they refuse.
On his way back he attacks an outlaw camp and finds Zagłoba amongst them; he tells Jan Helena is safe in the castle in Bar.
The Polish army passes Konstantynów (Konstantinoff) and halts at Rosołowce (Rosolovtsi) where they are now joined by the German infantry fleeing from Chmielnicki.
Krzywonos arrives with his forces, the battle starts with single hand-to-hand combat, and Krzywonos is eventually defeated.
Rzędzian is reunited with his master.
The King dies and a disputed succession takes place.
Jeremi and his army rest at the castle of Zbaraż (Zbaraj) where, after much internal struggle, the Prince announces he will submit to the commanders appointed by the Commonwealth.
Bohun captures Helena at Bar and hides her with a witch, Horpyna, at Horpyna's house.
Helena threatens to stab herself when Bohun speaks to her about marriage, having tried to do so when she was captured at Bar.
Skrzetuski and his colleagues go out to crush marauding bands.
He is forced to split his force, putting parts of it under the command of Podbipięta, Wołodyjowski, and Zagłoba.
Zagłoba is captured with his men by Bohun's Cossacks after they get drunk at a peasant wedding, but they are freed by Wołodyjowski and his troops.
The four Polish officers return to Jarmolińce (Yarmolintsi) and Zagłoba reveals that he overheard during his captivity that Helena is hidden somewhere between Jampol (Yampol) and Jahorlik (Yagorlik).
Wierszułł (Vershul) arrives and reveals that the Poles, under Prince Dominik Zasławski, have been ignominiously defeated.
They make for Lwów (Lviv), where Prince Jeremi is elected leader of the Commonwealth forces, and continue to Zamość (Zamost) and afterwards to Warsaw with his wife, Princess Gryzelda (Griselda).
Wołodyjowski gets into a quarrel with Charłamp (Kharlamp) over Anusia Borzobohata.
Kazimierz (Kazimir) and his brother Karol (Karl) are disputing the election, and the former is elected King.
Zagłoba and Wołodyjowski also meet Bohun, travelling as an envoy, and Michał Wołodyjowski leaves him for dead in a duel.
Chmielnicki's army is besieging Zamość but withdraws for peace negotiations.
Zagłoba and Wołodyjowski now head to the castle and Wierszułł tells them that Skrzetuski is looking for Helena, travelling with some Armenian merchants to Jampol.
A commission led by voivode Adam Kisiel (Kisel) is sent by the Commonwealth to negotiate with Chmielnicki, which Skrzetuski joins.
The commission is rudely received by the Cossack hetman at Perejasław (Pereyaslav), despite giving him a baton from the King.
Chmielnicki is pleased to see Jan and promises him 200 Cossack horsemen to accompany him to Kijów (Kiev) and beyond.
An armistice is concluded but Cossack attacks continue.
Skrzetuski is told during his search that Helena was murdered in a monastery with some nuns.
He ends up with Prince Korecki at Korets, where he lies ill. Rzędzian reappears and tells Zagłoba that Helena is actually hidden in a ravine at Waładynka river (Valadinka), to which he was sent by Bohun after Bohun was wounded by Kurcewicz.
Wołodyjowski, Zagłoba and Rzędzian make for Waładynka, where they kill the witch and her servant Czeremis (Cheremis), and rescue Helena.
Using Bohun's baton, they make for Zbaraż.
Just before reaching it, they are pursued by Tartar horsemen.
Rzędzian escapes with Helena into a wood, while the two officers make a last stand, only to be rescued by Kuszel (Kushel) and Roztworowski (Roztvorovski) with two thousand horsemen.
All of the Crown forces in the Ukraine are assembled at Zbaraż, including Skrzetuski, and Jeremi finally arrives.
At last, battle can take place between him and Chmielnicki.
In the ensuing fighting outside Zbaraż, Zagłoba is nearly captured by the Cossack leader Burłaj (Burlai), but instead kills his pursuer.
The Cossacks are defeated, but Chmielnicki convinces the Khan to keep fighting by appealing to his pride.
The valiant Polish force continues to hold out against the Cossacks and Tartars.
Huge assault towers are burnt to the ground by a sally led by Skrzetuski; in the action the Polish soldiers are nearly taken but are saved by the hussars.
Chmielnicki summons Zaćwilichowski for negotiations but his monstrous demands are rejected by Prince Jeremi, so the fighting continues.
Hunger sets in, and Longin decides to steal through the enemy's lines to tell the king of the army's plight.
However, he is discovered after stumbling into some Tartar horse-herders and is killed by Tartar arrows after a last stand.
His naked body is hung from an assault machine, which the Poles storm to cut him down so he can be given a military funeral.
Skrzetuski goes next and, working his way through the swamp, finally makes it through the tabor to Toporów (Toporov) and King Jan Kazimierz, who resolves to rescue Zabraż.
Skrzetuski falls seriously ill from his ordeal, but is nursed by Rzędzian, who tells him Helena is safe.
The victorious Polish army returns to Toporów and Skrzetuski and his colleagues ride out to meet the lady of Sandomierz (Sandomir), in whose carriage Helena is travelling.
Returning home, the whole happy party stops for a picnic at Grabowa (Grabovo) castle, which has been burnt, and Skrzetuski and his loved one are happily cheered by the soldiers.
Historical figures:
Fictional characters:
The novel was initially translated by Jeremiah Curtin in 1898.
Curtin was Sienkiewicz's "authorized" translator, meaning the publisher, Little, Brown and Co., paid a commission to Sienkiewicz for his endorsement because at the time, as a foreign work, it was not copyrighted in the USA.
Thus, another translation by Samuel A. Binion (who translated many other books by Sienkiewicz) was published by R. F. Fenno and Co. around the same time as Curtin's, but without Sienkiewicz's endorsement.
Both translations have since lapsed into the public domain.
A modern translation was published in 1991 by W. S. Kuniczak, at the behest of the Copernicus Society of America, as part of a series of Polish classics in modern translation.
The most recent film version of the novel, "With Fire and Sword", was directed by Jerzy Hoffman and released in 1999.
At the time, it was the most expensive Polish film ever made (since surpassed by "Quo Vadis", 2001).
Although the novel is the first part of the Trilogy, the film was the last part of Hoffman's version of the trilogy to be made, following "The Deluge", which was filmed in 1974, and "Colonel Wolodyjowski", which was filmed in 1969.
A video game based on the novel, "", was published in 2011.
"See also:" Invasion 1700
Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online game (MMOG, or more commonly, MMO) is an online game with large numbers of players, typically from hundreds to thousands, on the same server.
MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although some games differ.
These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.
MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world.
They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
The most popular type of MMOG, and the subgenre that pioneered the category, is the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), which descended from university mainframe computer MUD and adventure games such as "Rogue" and "Dungeon" on the PDP-10.
These games predate the commercial gaming industry and the Internet, but still featured persistent worlds and other elements of MMOGs still used today.
The first graphical MMOG, and a major milestone in the creation of the genre, was the multiplayer flight combat simulation game "Air Warrior" by Kesmai on the GEnie online service, which first appeared in 1986.
Kesmai later added 3D graphics to the game, making it the first 3D MMO.
Commercial MMORPGs gained acceptance in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The genre was pioneered by the GemStone series on GEnie, also created by Kesmai, and "Neverwinter Nights", the first such game to include graphics, which debuted on AOL in 1991.
As video game developers applied MMOG ideas to other computer and video game genres, new acronyms started to develop, such as MMORTS.
"MMOG" emerged as a generic term to cover this growing class of games.
The debuts of "The Realm Online", "Meridian 59" (the first 3D MMORPG), "Ultima Online", "Underlight" and "EverQuest" in the late 1990s popularized the MMORPG genre.
The growth in technology meant that where Neverwinter Nights in 1991 had been limited to 50 simultaneous players (a number that grew to 500 by 1995), by the year 2000 a multitude of MMORPGs were each serving thousands of simultaneous players and led the way for games such as World of Warcraft and "EVE Online".
Despite the genre's focus on multiplayer gaming, AI-controlled characters are still common.
NPCs and mobs who give out quests or serve as opponents are typical in MMORPGs.
AI-controlled characters are not as common in action-based MMOGs.
The popularity of MMOGs was mostly restricted to the computer game market until the sixth-generation consoles, with the launch of "Phantasy Star Online" on "Dreamcast" and the emergence and growth of online service Xbox Live.
There have been a number of console MMOGs, including "EverQuest Online Adventures" (PlayStation 2), and the multiconsole "Final Fantasy XI".
On PCs, the MMOG market has always been dominated by successful fantasy MMORPGs.
MMOGs have only recently begun to break into the mobile phone market.
The first, Samurai Romanesque set in feudal Japan, was released in 2001 on NTT DoCoMo's iMode network in Japan.
More recent developments are CipSoft's TibiaME and Biting Bit's "MicroMonster" which features online and bluetooth multiplayer gaming.
SmartCell Technology is in development of Shadow of Legend, which will allow gamers to continue their game on their mobile device when away from their PC.
Science fiction has also been a popular theme, featuring games such as "Mankind", "Anarchy Online", "Eve Online", "Star Wars Galaxies" and "The Matrix Online".
MMOGs emerged from the hard-core gamer community to the mainstream strongly in December 2003 with an analysis in the "Financial Times" measuring the value of the virtual property in the then-largest MMOG, EverQuest, to result in a per-capita GDP of 2,266 dollars which would have placed the virtual world of EverQuest as the 77th wealthiest nation, on par with Croatia, Ecuador, Tunisia or Vietnam.
"World of Warcraft" is a dominant MMOG with 8-9 million monthly subscribers worldwide.
The subscriber base dropped by 1 million after the expansion , bringing it to 9 million subscribers in 2010, though it remained the most popular Western title among MMOGs.
In 2008, Western consumer spending on "World of Warcraft" represented a 58% share of the subscription MMOG market in 2009.
The title has generated over $2.2 billion in cumulative consumer spending on subscriptions from 2005 through 2009.
Within a majority of the MMOGs created, there is virtual currency where the player can earn and accumulate money.
The uses for such virtual currency are numerous and vary from game to game.
The virtual economies created within MMOGs often blur the lines between real and virtual worlds.
The result is often seen as an unwanted interaction between the real and virtual economies by the players and the provider of the virtual world.
This practice () is mostly seen in this genre of games.
The two seem to come hand in hand with even the earliest MMOGs such as "Ultima Online" having this kind of trade, real money for virtual things.
The importance of having a working virtual economy within an MMOG is increasing as they develop.
A sign of this is CCP Games hiring the first real-life economist for its MMOG Eve Online to assist and analyze the virtual economy and production within this game.
The results of this interaction between the virtual economy, and our real economy, which is really the interaction between the company that created the game and the third-party companies that want a share of the profits and success of the game.
This battle between companies is defended on both sides.