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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "I think it's better to consider it a fixed pattern, but\n[大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF/#jn-159809) has\n\n> 定義・命題などの主題であることを示す。…というものは。「友情―、かけがえのないものだ」,\n\nso you can consider とは as an emphatic topic marker - _A walk **is** just in\nname_.\n\n* * *\n\nOne could argue it is not quotative と + contrastive は as in\n\n * とはいうものの\n * とはいっても,\n\nwhere は can be dropped.\n\nIn とは名ばかり, it is と that could be dropped (if any).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-20T22:58:27.337", "id": "97723", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-20T22:58:27.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97720", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is used as 2nd person pronoun to (supposedly) sound friendlier than あなた or\n君 (the former sounds rather formal while the latter would be rude).\n\nThough how they are used is not the same, it may be similar to _man, guys_ in\nEnglish (I've never seen them mentioned in textbooks).\n\n* * *\n\nTwo examples:\n\n * お兄さん、ちょっと寄っていきませんか\n * Hey, man, wouldn't you drop by at our place?\n\nThis is used by a person inviting you to a dubious bar on the street, say in\nKabukicho of Shinjuku, for example. As I said, using あなた or 君 would be\ninappropriate here, too formal or too rude. On the other hand, maybe people in\n50s wouldn't like to be called お兄さん because it sounds like being considered\ntoo lightly. In this sense, it sounds disrespectful. Traditionally an\nequivalent for older people was 社長(president), which I'm not sure is still\nused (I guess not).\n\nFor another example, some sales person may use お兄さん to refer to you. This is\nmainly in order to sound friendly. To some people, it sounds too friendly and\ndisrespectful as such.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-20T23:21:00.153", "id": "97725", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-20T23:21:00.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97721", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "お兄さん/お姉さん is basically a fairly friendly second-person pronoun, so it's not\ndisrespectful by itself. In real life, you may hear this typically when\nsomeone tries to get your interest and get you buy something.\n\nHowever, it can be overly friendly (or even a bit scary) if used in\ninappropriate situations. It would be safe in a popular tourist area or at a\nfestival, but I'll probably get defensive if a total stranger suddenly said\nthis to me in unsafe or quiet places. It may not be as informal as \"(Yo) bro\",\nbut you should not use お兄さん/お姉さん when you are politely asking for the way to a\nstation.\n\nYou cannot use お兄さん/お姉さん to a small child for obvious reasons, but it is not\nuncommon to say it to a middle-aged or old person (as flattery).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-21T01:28:29.617", "id": "97727", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-21T04:27:25.893", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-21T04:27:25.893", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97721", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Partially a guess, but it is essentially the same as the one you linked.\n\nThe と is quotative, bracketing the preceding sentence.\n\nFrom what you put, possibly the speaker is saying **「**\n忍び込んだはいいけど、一気に眠気でばたんきゅーしちゃって少ししたらぽっかり目が覚めちゃって、気付いたら佳織ちゃんとひとつベッドの上だった **」という**\n状況をたぶん無意識に予測してたんだね.\n\nSince the quoted part is long, the spearker first describes the situation and\nthen says 'you expected unconsciously this kind of situation'.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-21T04:15:51.160", "id": "97730", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-21T04:15:51.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97728", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is not a conjunctive, it is rather\n\n * という quotative\n * の nominalizer (see e.g., [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29926/45489))\n * も _also_\n\nSo 常に家の中を綺麗に掃除しておくというのも is equivalent to ...ということも, which translates to _That\none always keeps the house/room clean is also (one of the things you want to\ndo to be a nice woman)_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-21T06:09:01.037", "id": "97732", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-21T06:09:01.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97731", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's parsed [笑みを交わし][てのひらを重ね][信じる].\n\nThat て should be 手. Strange that 手 isn't in kanji here; it's a basic kanji and\nusing て really blends it into the previous word, and I misread it the first\ncouple times through.\n\nAnyway, 重ね here is a transitive verb with 手のひら being the object being stacked.\nI read this as a fancy way to say \"hold hands\".\n\nMaybe with some poetic license, I'd translate it to something like:\n\n> Smile at each other, put my hand in yours and believe.\n\n*I suspect that was someone typing out the line and forgot to convert the kanji. Does the original song have this as well?", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-21T22:43:34.913", "id": "97735", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-21T22:43:34.913", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9508", "parent_id": "97733", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I think ブロロ・・ is the most common when describing a car going at a normal\nspeed. ブルン looks like starting or stopping engine.\n\nWhat I see in mangas at hand or on the web:\n\n * ブオ(ー)ン/ブオオ is used when a car is going faster/increasing the speed. Also this may be more suitable for trucks.\n * ビューン for even faster ones. This is when describing a car passing in front of you at high speed.\n * キーン for very fast cars like Formua 1. This is also commonly used for airplanes flying.\n\nFor motorcycles, it depends on types of engines (which I'm not very familiar\nwith). From\n[here](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1371482503)\n\n * four-engine 「フォン、フォン、フォーン！」\n * large two-engine「ズド、ズドドドドド」\n * single-engine「パタン、パタン、パタ、パタタタタ・・・」「スパ、スパパパパ」\n * moped 「ビィィーン」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-21T22:57:29.747", "id": "97736", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-21T22:57:29.747", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97734", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I have never seen it used that way, either, but according to three monolingual\ndictionaries I checked, this type of 何様 seems to be an adverb meaning\n\"indeed\", \"true, ...\", \"admittedly\" or \"to be sure\" rather than \"absolutely\".\nIt's interchangeable with いかにも, なるほど, たしかに, etc. Here are examples quoted in\ndictionaries:\n\n * **何様** そんなこともあるだろう \nIndeed, something like this might happen.\n\n * **何様** 近来に稀れなる一珍事なり (南洋の大波瀾; 1891) \nThis is certainly a rare event in recent years.\n\n * 貧相に見えるが、 **何様** 一の政治家には違ひない (雪中梅; 1886) \nHe looks poor, but he still is one politician, anyway.\n\nYou can practically forget this usage unless you're reading old materials.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T00:43:59.410", "id": "97738", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T00:49:26.013", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T00:49:26.013", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97737", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This と is simple \"and\". If other senses are intended, it should be near the\nword it modifies, like this:\n\n * 宏 **と** 花子は同時に結婚する。 \nHiroshi **and** Hanako will get married at the same time. \n(They each are marrying another person, because saying 同時 makes little sense\nif they are marrying each other)\n\n * 花子は同時に宏と結婚する。 \nAt the same time (as some other event), Hanako marries Hiroshi.\n\n * 花子は宏と同時に結婚する。 \nHanako marries (someone else) at the same time as Hiroshi's marriage.\n\nSince word order in Japanese is flexible, you may insist 宏と花子は同時に結婚する is\n_technically_ ambiguous, but other interpretations are extremely unlikely when\nthere is no other context.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T01:19:11.137", "id": "97740", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T02:01:56.943", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T02:01:56.943", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97739", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This question is hard to answer logically. A native speaker of a language\ndoesn't try to analyze the role of a function word like you do. Have you ever\nwondered [how many roles the English preposition _with_\nhas](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/with/) from the perspective of a\nforeigner? Some of them may seem quite similar to someone, but other people\nmay not agree with them.\n\nThat said, putting aside uncommon literary sentences and complicated sentences\nlike [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17743/5010), one verb cannot\ntake the same particle twice for the same purpose (e.g., パンをステーキを食べる and\n彼に彼女に会う are incorrect). I suppose many untrained native Japanese speakers\nwould intuitively feel those two と's are at least slightly different.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T03:05:46.690", "id": "97742", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T03:18:12.297", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T03:18:12.297", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97741", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Sentence (A) is simple and unambiguous; 一緒に and 敵と both modify 戦う\nindependently, so 彼ら were all fighting together. Although [Aと戦う \"to fight with\nA\" is ambiguous](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/78201/5010) (you cannot\ntell if A is your ally or enemy), 敵と戦う is interpreted virtually in only one\nway.\n\n> `彼ら` ⚔️ `敵`\n\nSentence (B) tends to mean something different from what you are thinking. It\nwould mean 彼ら are betrayers, i.e., 'they' have turned to the enemy side and\nwere fighting together. This is because 敵と is right before 一緒に, and Aと一緒に\nnormally means \"together with A\".\n\n> `Someone` ⚔️ `敵 and 彼ら`\n\nIf you want to say \"they both independently fought the same enemy\", this would\nbe 彼らは独立して(同じ)敵と戦った or 彼らはそれぞれ別に(同じ)敵と戦った. You cannot use 一緒に in the first\nplace.\n\n> `彼ら` ⚔️ `敵` ⚔️ `彼ら`", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T09:21:12.967", "id": "97749", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T09:26:14.057", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T09:26:14.057", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97743", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammatically the following should answer your question.\n\n * [How exactly are 準体助詞 and 形式名詞 different? In what regard? And where does の stand?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/93338/45489)\n\nAlso regarding なんて, you can see\n\n * [appending なんて to a verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74825/45489)\n\n* * *\n\nThe sentence without using の should be something like\n\n * 俺みたいな **やつ** に付き合ってる **こと** なんて時間の無駄くらいに思ってて、当然なのに\n\nwhich literally means\n\n * It should be natural that (the subj.) think it is a waste of time **to** go out with **a guy** like me.\n\nThe first の is a substitute for やつ and the second is a nominalizer.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T05:15:59.497", "id": "97746", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T05:15:59.497", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97744", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "* A **と** 付き合う and A **に** 付き合う are both valid expressions. A **と** 付き合う tends to mean \"to date A\" (A and the subject are in a romantic relationship). On the other hand, A **に** 付き合う does not assume a romantic relationship, and it's often more natural to translate it like \"to keep A company\", \"to go out with A (for a practical purpose)\", \"to spend time with A\", \"to socialize with A\" or even \"to play along with A\".\n * The first の after 俺みたいな is a substitute for 人. There is no のに meaning \"although\" at this position.\n * The second の after 付き合ってる is a nominalizer that turns 付き合う into a noun. なんて can take both a verb and a noun, so this の is optional, but this の doesn't feel redundant to me.\n * 俺なのに (\"although it is me\") makes no sense here.\n\n> 俺みたいなのに付き合ってるのなんて時間の無駄(だ)くらいに思ってて当然なのに...\n>\n> It's only natural if she thinks it's a waste of time to socialize with a\n> person like me, but...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T10:11:40.070", "id": "97750", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T11:28:55.630", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T11:28:55.630", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97744", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "[鈍い](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E9%88%8D%E3%81%84/#je-57502) has\nthe meaning _slow_. Although both 頭が鈍い/頭の回転が鈍い are acceptable and mean the\nsame (to me), 頭の回転が鈍い is more correct in terms of collocation and more\nidiomatic.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T05:20:37.767", "id": "97747", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T05:20:37.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97745", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "頭の回転の速さ is mainly about responsiveness, whereas 頭の良さ is about intelligence in\ngeneral.\n\n頭の回転が速い人 refers to someone who is ready-witted, is quick to respond to jokes,\nis good at staying logical even in a fast argument, etc. A professional\ncomedian or a TV host is a typical example. 頭の回転が遅い人 (or 頭の回転が鈍い人) is the\nopposite of it, so it typically refers to someone who is slow to understand\nsomeone's commands/jokes or make resourceful decisions in response to a\ntrouble.\n\n頭がいい人 encompasses 頭の回転が速い人, but it's someone who is intelligent and smart in\ngeneral. It can refer to someone who is knowledgeable, who is good at\nmemorizing things, who writes perfect papers even if it takes some time, and\nso on. Its antonym is 頭が悪い人.\n\n頭が鈍い is not a very common expression, but since 鈍い on its own denotes slowness\nand insensitiveness, it sounds to me like somewhere between 頭が悪い and 頭の回転が遅い.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T06:08:33.833", "id": "97748", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T10:27:57.110", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-22T10:27:57.110", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97745", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "再想像, on a literal sense, is re-imagine, but more like to imagine(conjure up an\nimage) again.\n\n再創造, on the other hand, is re-create, and has the same shade of meaning as the\nEnglish word recreate, or to create over again.\n\nThe problem is that with the English phrase “a story reimagined”, it’s\nreferring to that, based on an existing story, you changed something to make a\nnew story out of it. Such practice in Japanese is better described as 二次創作, or\n再創作 if you wish, because instead of 創造 or 想像, 創作 is the proper term for when\nyou write a story or produce music. The term itself should translate to\n“produce”.\n\nHere is a Wiki entry for 二次創作\n\n<https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%89%B5%E4%BD%9C>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T20:10:05.573", "id": "97755", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T20:10:05.573", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "97752", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, and not only can you abbreviate なければ into なきゃ, it is also common to\nabbreviate the entire なければならない into just なきゃ. People will figure out based on\ncontext which one you mean, but as you have noted, this is for casual speech\nonly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-22T20:02:54.373", "id": "97754", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-22T20:02:54.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "97753", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it means \"like\". Yasahii is an adjective. so here by saying \"kurai\" he\nis saying \"it's really nice actually\". so if I am translating this phrase\ncorrectly in my mind he is saying. \"if my parents could just shut up about me\ndating, it would be nice of them wouldn´t it?\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T04:19:41.197", "id": "97757", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T04:19:41.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55292", "parent_id": "97756", "post_type": "answer", "score": -2 }, { "body": "(I had to use my マガポケ to read the entire chapter for the full context. The key\ncontext is that the girl is basically a troublemaker and he was skeptical of\nher personality and intent. Otherwise, the sentence in question makes little\nsense.)\n\nYou probably have no problem reading this:\n\n> 納豆は毎日食べたい **くらい** おいしい。 \n> ∼ 納豆はおいしくて、毎日食べたい **くらい** だ。 \n> Natto is so delicious that I (even) want to eat it every day. \n> Natto is delicious to the point where I want to eat it every day.\n\nIn this construction, the part before くらい is a (surprising/extreme)\nresult/conclusion based on the associated reason (おいしい). The reason part is\ntypically a simple adjective like おいしい, but in your case, it's a long clause\n(黙ってくれてる).\n\n> 現状、水原のこと事務所とかに黙ってくれてるってだけで優しい **くらい** なんだ。 \n> For now, she (Mami) keeps the secret about Mizuhara from the office, and\n> for this (reason) alone, **I'd rather/even say** she's kind.\n\n黙ってくれてる is the reason, and 優しい is the (surprising) result (which he has to\nadmit). The guy (Kazuya) emphasized 優しい with くらい because, up to this point, he\nhad been so nervous and suspicious of the intent of his ex-girlfriend (Mami).\nWhile walking together, he started to convince himself that she was not that\nevil.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T16:16:17.820", "id": "97763", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T16:55:53.720", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-23T16:55:53.720", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97756", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "> お元気ですか？ あたしは元気です\n\nThis is a typical opening expression of a letter to your family member,\nsomething said right after お母さんへ (\"Dear Mom\") or such. Most Japanese\nelementary schoolers have written something like this as homework. So just by\nlooking at this, a native speaker can tell she is \"reading a virtual letter\"\nto her boyfriend.\n\nSentences you use in letters are more formal and polite than usual, and it is\nnot unnatural at all to use です and other polite expressions, even if the\nletter is to your mother or your lover.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T10:36:18.910", "id": "97760", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T10:36:18.910", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97759", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "To some extent, they mean the same 'bad event', but\n\n * 災い has religious/supernatural tone; it is more abstract and affects 'big' entities.\n * 災難 is more concrete, personal bad luck.\n\nBeing bitten by a dog is too personal to be called 災い. And the influence of an\nearthquake is too big for 地震 to be called 災難.\n\nOther than that, the difference is a matter of usage and collocation.\n災難/災いに見舞われる (affected by something bad) are both fine; In the following\n(randomly picked in BCCWJ), 災難 cannot be used.\n\n * 助けを求めてエジプトに下り、馬に依り頼む者は災いだ _Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses_ (usage)\n * 水辺で身体を清め、災いを祓う (religious)\n * 大英帝国にとって災いの前兆であったのだ (big)\n * パンドラの箱を開けてしまったが為に災いがこの世に飛び出す (abstract)\n * 災い転じて福となす (fixed phrase)\n\n災いだ is the opposite to _Blessed are..._ ; Also it is possible to say 災い+する to\nmean _affect negatively_ while 災難する is ungrammatical.\n\n* * *\n\nFor 難, I think it is used almost exclusively in combinations with verbs given\nin [the following](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%9B%A3/#jn-165581) (or\nverbs meaning very similar):\n\n> １ 災い。災難。「あやうく― **を逃れる** 」 \n> ２ むずかしいこと。むずかしさ。困難。「― **を避け** 、易 (やす) きに就く」 \n> ３ 欠点。「少々―のある品」「強いて― **をいえ** ばやや甘さが足りない」 \n> ４ 非難すべき点。難点。「うかつだったとの― **を免か** れない」 \n>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T00:21:36.420", "id": "97769", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T00:21:36.420", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97761", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't think there's any particular need to explicitly specify an object when\nusing 全部.. (I'm not a native speaker but) to my ear, just saying 全部食べた (or\n全て食べた) sounds perfectly normal/reasonable to express this sort of thing.\n\nI think you're right that 全部 and 何でも are not really the same, though. 全部\nbasically means \"the entirety of (something)\". 何でも means more \"without regard\nto what it is\", so for example, I would personally translate the following\nsentences as:\n\n * 全部食べた -- \"(We) ate all of it\" / \"(We) ate everything (that was there)\"\n * 何でも食べた -- \"(We) ate _anything and everything_ \" / \"(We) ate whatever we could find (without caring what it was)\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T18:41:24.707", "id": "97765", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T18:52:14.550", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-23T18:52:14.550", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "97762", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I think I would characterize「肉付きがよい」as more along the lines of \"stout\" or\n\"well-fed\". That is, it is generally talking about being overweight a bit, but\nnot in a particularly derogatory way, but more in a \"well off\"/\"not lacking\nnourishment\" sort of sense.\n\nI think it's fairly similar to the many expressions we have in English that\nmight phrase being overweight in a somewhat nice-sounding way to be more\npolite or kind about it (\"big boned\", \"plump\", \"jolly\", \"stout\", etc).\n\nIt's also worth noting, though, that よい/いい does not always mean \"good\" in a\nvalue-judgement sort of way (\"good\" vs \"bad\"), but can often just mean \"a good\namount\"/\"sufficient\"/\"substantial\"/etc. So in this sense you can also\ninterpret「肉付きがよい」to just mean something like \"a _substantial amount_ of meat\non (their) bones\", etc, too.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T19:11:21.720", "id": "97766", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T19:16:31.880", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-23T19:16:31.880", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "97764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "肉付きが良い could be used as a euphemism for fat, but by itself does not have\nnegative implications. (Possibly similar to _voluptuous_?)\n\nAnother example that could be used in a sarcastic way is 育ちが良い, to make fun of\nsomeone being ignorant of things the commons should know. Similarly, 行儀が良い can\nmean negatively _too good mannered_. Again, these are about how they are used,\nand the words themselves just mean _well-bred_ / _good-mannered_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T00:36:32.913", "id": "97770", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T00:36:32.913", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The lesson is saying that with と both sides of the comparison have equal\nweight. There is no standard that the other is referenced against. They both\nshare the same characteristics.\n\nWith に the lesson says that this is marking the standard of comparison. It is\nthe thing that something else is compared to. In this case the father should\nbe the standard of comparison and be marked with に. It makes sense to say that\nthe son resembles the father, but it's a bit weird to say that the father\nresembles the son.\n\nI guess in English you could translate その父は息子と似てる as \"the the father and son\nlook alike\", whereas その父は息子に似てる would be \"the father resembles the son\".\n\nIn summary, 31d is fine because no standard of comparison is being made.\n\n**Edit:**\n\nActually, I see what you mean now. The part that says \"they both make the\nsecond person the basis of comparison when ...\". That's confusing. I think 31d\nis fine, but better wait for someone more knowledgeable to give a definitive\nanswer.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-23T23:23:25.003", "id": "97768", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-23T23:29:01.603", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-23T23:29:01.603", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "97767", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I think both the points made in user3856370's answer and\n\n> they both make the second person the basis of comparison when ..\n\nare true. But they are not clear distinctions.\n\nAdapted from [here](https://mixi.jp/view_bbs.pl?comm_id=398881&id=52613011),\n\n 1. その男はゴリラに/と似ている\n 2. ゴリラはその男に/と似ている\n\n1 are both fine and 2 are both wrong. This should be what the textbook says -\n'the basis of comparison' does not differ regardless of に/と.\n\nThat said, as user3856370's answer says, there is natural difference coming\nfrom 'に/to' and 'と/with': The former suggests 'look-alike-ness' goes in one\ndirection and the latter in both directions. This makes 31e **more** odd than\n31d, due to the common sense about inheritance.\n\nTo me, 31d is acceptable but may be marked rather as **?**.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T01:08:24.487", "id": "97771", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T01:08:24.487", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97767", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The verbs **探す** and **探る** both mean \"to search for,\" but they are used\nslightly differently in Japanese.\n\n**探す** is typically used when actively searching for something that you don't\ncurrently possess or know the location of. It can be used in a variety of\ncontexts, such as searching for a lost item, looking for a specific person or\nthing, or trying to find information on a particular topic.\n\n**探る** , on the other hand, is used more specifically to refer to physically\nsearching for something by looking around or inspecting a place or object. It\nis often used when trying to find something hidden or concealed, such as\nsearching a room for a hidden key or checking a car for a malfunction.\n\nIn general, **探す** is more commonly used in everyday language, while **探る** is\nused more specifically in contexts where you are physically searching for\nsomething.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T14:27:56.597", "id": "97773", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T14:27:56.597", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55304", "parent_id": "97772", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "To add examples to MA-Moustache's answer.\n\n探す for 'looking for what you lost/don't have':\n\n * 鍵/仕事を探す - 探る is not possible here\n\n探る for 'explore/try to find out'\n\n * 原因を探る - 探す is not impossible, but less idiomatic.\n * 様子を探る - 探す is impossible.\n\nThere are cases where both can be used:\n\n * ポケットを探す means _searching for something particular in the pocket_ while ポケットを探る means more _fumbling in the pocket to see what the subject has_.\n * 海底を探る is _to explore the seabed_ while 海底を探す may be used when you look for something you dropped in the sea, which is not very likely.\n\nSource: [a thesaurus\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/4380/meaning/m1u/%E6%8E%A2%E3%82%8B/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T22:41:38.520", "id": "97783", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T22:41:38.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97772", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "As [this thesaurus\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/15061/meaning/m1u/%E6%AF%8E%E5%9B%9E/)\nsays, 'each time'-ness is felt less with 毎度. As such it is close to 'always'\nand more often used in fixed phrases.\n\n * 毎度ありがとうございます Thank you for always (shopping with us).\n * 毎度のことだけれども Though this happens always, ...\n * 毎度毎度いい加減にしてほしい I'm fed up with this happening all the time.\n\nIn all of the above, 毎回 is less idiomatic (for the last one, 毎回毎回 can be\nused).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-25T00:06:16.977", "id": "97787", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-25T00:06:16.977", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97774", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "It is the latter, or rather the subject of 当たった is omitted. In full, it would\nbe\n\n * **それが** (自分の)腕に当たっただけでこの威力(だ/をもつ)\n\nmeaning _That has this impact just by hitting (my) arms_.\n\nNote that the subject of だ/もつ is still missing above, more literally,\nforgetting about だ/もつ, it may render as _This (much) impact by this hitting\njust my arms_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T22:46:26.263", "id": "97784", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T22:46:26.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97776", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In essence, the words operate on different levels of \"strength\" where 手伝う is\nweaker than 助ける which is weaker than 救う. We will illustrate this with\nexamples.\n\n**手伝う vs 助ける**\n\n手伝う is most preferred when both people are equally cooperating (or the person\nbeing helped is doing more work) and the help isn't particularly necessary. It\nalso is only used when the help is pretty direct (going and doing a specific\naction).\n\nExamples (stolen from the sources I list at the end):\n\n> 彼が私のコピーを手伝ってくれた\n>\n> _He helped me with the photocopying._\n\nBoth parties are working to make copies, and its not that big of deal, just\neasier with help. The action is direct and simple.\n\n> 彼がオーバーを着るのを手伝った\n>\n> _I helped him (to) put his overcoat on._\n\nBoth parties want him to get his overcoat on, and the help is just making it\nfast. The action is direct and simple.\n\n> 友人の引っ越しを手伝う\n>\n> _I will help my friend move_\n\nBoth parties are working on getting the friend moved, and it is still doable\nwithout the help, just more exhausting. The action is a bit more\ncomplicated/time consuming, but still direct.\n\n助ける differs in that adds the nuance of more necessity/urgency. Alternatively,\nthis gets used if what work the helper is employing is indirect and vague.\n\n> 老人が歩くのを助けた\n>\n> _I helped the elderly person walk_\n\nWhile the help is direct, the elderly person (presumably) can't walk alone, at\nleast not without great difficulty.\n\n> 会の発展を助けた\n>\n> _I helped the society expand_\n\nThe help could be minor, but since this is more vague/indirect, 助ける makes the\nmost sense.\n\n> 妻はパートをして家計を助けた\n>\n> _My wife worked part time to help the family finances_\n\nAgain, the scope of the help isn't necessarily known, but because it is only\nindirectly doing an action in order to help the family finances, 手伝う is very\nodd here, so 助ける needs to be used. In general, financial help is something you\ndon't use 手伝う for.\n\n**救う vs 助ける**\n\nFirst, 救う can be used in the sense of \"religious salvation\" or \"moral\nredemption\" which does not exist in 助ける. For example:\n\n> 神は我々を罪から救うためキリストをこの世につかわされた\n>\n> _God sent Christ to redeem us from sin._\n\n> あの男は救いようのない悪人だ\n>\n> _He is past all hope of redemption._\n\nIt is also used refer to emotional relief, particularly in the passive:\n\n> 私のせいではないと彼女が言ってくれた時は救われた思いがした\n>\n> _I was so relieved when she assured me it wasn't my fault._\n\n> それを聞いてわたし救われました\n>\n> _I am relieved to hear that_\n\nHowever, when focusing on the \"core\" meaning of saving/rescuing, the nuance\ntends to be about the status of the \"rescuer,\" where respected positions whose\nduty is to save, like a doctor or a lifeguard, tend to have 救う be used, while\n助ける is more common for peers/strangers. And possibly related, 助ける feels like\nit is more focused on the person being saved, while 救う is more on the savior\n(in a praising manner).\n\nSo:\n\n> 彼はおぼれている子を救った\n>\n> 彼はおぼれている子を助けた\n>\n> _He saved the drowning child_\n\nThese both work, but I would imagine the former being used more often for\ndescribing the actions of a life-guard being praised in the local news and the\nlatter might be used when it is your child in question. Of course, the nuance\nis slight here, and both are perfectly acceptable in either situation.\n\nAlso related is that 救う resembles \"help\" in that it can also be used for\nproviding financial assistance in situations we wouldn't used \"save\" for in\nEnglish, like providing aid to less-wealthy countries. In this context, 救う has\nthe same nuances compared to 助ける as before, but they are magnified. Using 救う\ncan feel patronizing and portray a distinct sense of superiority.\n\nSources:\n\n[This GOO Thesaurus\npage](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/9038/meaning/m1u/%E6%89%8B%E4%BC%9D%E3%81%86/)\n\n[This meaning-difference page](https://meaning-difference.com/?p=360)\n\n[This English-Japanese GOO 手伝う page for\nsentences](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%89%8B%E4%BC%9D%E3%81%86/#je-51613)\n\n[This English-Japanese GOO 助ける page for\nsentences](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%8A%A9%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B/#je-46021)\n\n[This English-Japanese GOO 救う page for\nsentences](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%95%91%E3%81%86/#je-38928)\n\n[This Eije Weblio page for 救われた for an example\nsentence](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E6%95%91%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F)\n\n[This 違い比較辞典 page](https://chigai-hikaku.com/?p=1181)\n\n[The first 知恵袋 page I\nused](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1066562850)\n\n[The second 知恵袋 page I\nused](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1052694115)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T18:44:10.813", "id": "97778", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T18:44:10.813", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38831", "parent_id": "97777", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "As a rule of thumb, na-adjective+となる should be rare.\n\n * ×静かとなる\n * △/×冷静となる\n\n[This](https://nihongonosensei.net/?p=18427) explains the difference as\n'「～となる」は物事の自然な変化を表すことができません。な形容詞や時間には接続しにくいです', with the following examples.\n\n * ×２時となった。\n * ×辺りは静かとなった。\n * ×病気となった。\n\nOne element would be if somebody can **decide** the state is true. To me,\n必要になる is normal but 必要となる works as well (a bit stiff). This is possibly\nbecause whether or not a thing is necessary is a discrete state decidable by\nsomeone.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T23:24:37.177", "id": "97785", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T23:24:37.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97780", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Short answer is no.\n\nIn most monolingual dictionaries, those onomatopoeias are noted explicitly as\nsuch.\n\n> [むっちり](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%80%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8A-641962)\n>\n> 1 〘副〙 **(多く「と」を伴って用いる)** ① 肌に張りがあって肉付きのよいさまを表わす語\n\n* * *\n\nOnomatopoeias describing sounds can rarely be used with とした - ザーザー(rain),\nしとしと(rain)、ビュービュー(wind) won't work with と(した).\n\nThose describing a state mostly work with とした - ニコニコ(smile), つるつる(polished or\nslippery). But exceptions are not rare: カチカチとした (hard) doesn't work, it should\nbe カチカチの to modify a noun.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-24T23:45:19.453", "id": "97786", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-24T23:45:19.453", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97782", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Note the definition:\n\n> 数をかぞえるために指を折り曲げる\n\nIt refers to the act of bending fingers to count (counting on your fingers).\n\n五指を屈する means bending fingers up to 5. 'He' is counted before count 5, so the\nsentence means _he is within world-class top 5 in this field_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-25T10:29:14.360", "id": "97791", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-25T10:29:14.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97788", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It should be 少数で島いっぱい **の** 鬼.\n\nStructurewise, 島いっぱいの鬼 is the same as 部屋いっぱいの花 = room-full of flowers (flowers\nfilling up the whole room). So it means _oni's abundant in the whole island\n(island-full of demons)_\n\n少数で refers to the fewness on the 桃太郎's side. They were a dog, a monkey, and a\n[green pheasant](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B8) and\nhimself, so just four of them.\n\nSo the last part says _(If Momotaro was an alien), it is explainable that they\nunderstood the language of other beings and was able to beat **the whole tribe\nof oni's with so few** (on their side)_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-25T10:23:44.757", "id": "97790", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-25T11:54:41.860", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-25T11:54:41.860", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97789", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammar aside, て is the て of te-form and adds progressive aspect for 楽しめる. So\nit means _not being able to enjoy_ , which is practically synonymous to _I'm\nnot enjoying_.\n\n* * *\n\nGrammatically, it is a form of 楽しめていない, where the first い is dropped. 楽しめている\nis the progressive form of 楽しむ, just like 読んでいる is of 読む (読んでる is likewise\npossible).\n\n* * *\n\nHappy Holidays:)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-25T11:24:50.903", "id": "97793", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-25T11:24:50.903", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97792", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "雪の色はそこまで行かぬうちに has the same structure as 花子が学校に着かないうちに = _before Hanako\nreaches the school_. Thus it means _before the color of snow goes that far_.\n\nI think it is a matter of interpretation, but the part resonates with the\nbeginning\n\n> 国境の長いトンネルを抜けると雪国であった。夜の底が白くなった。\n\nSo it is late in the evening, and the scenery Shimamura is seeing is colored\nwhite at bottom. He sees barracks in the distance, but the color of snow is\nalready gone around/before there. (This may sound not logical, but I don't\nthink it's surprising in Kawabata's writings.)\n\n* * *\n\nThe translator takes the subject of '闇に吞まれていた' as the barracks. I'd say it is\npossible, but then it would be definitely more natural to say 雪の色 **が**\nそこまで行かぬうちに.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-25T23:13:08.573", "id": "97795", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T02:01:34.363", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-26T02:01:34.363", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97794", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "[弄る](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BC%84%E3%82%8B) is not \"to read\" but \"to\ntweak\", \"to make changes\", \"to play with\". 桃太郎 is one of the best-known\nJapanese fairy tales, but there is [Akutagawa's \"reimagined\" version of\n桃太郎](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/100_15253.html), whose story\nis very different from the original.\n\n> それにしても「桃太郎」を挙げる[とは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/77982/5010)。 \n> So/Anyway, mentioning Momotarō!\n>\n> あの芥川龍之介も弄りたくなった題材... \n> (Momotarō) is a theme even Ryunosuke Akutagawa wanted to play with...", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-26T03:35:36.763", "id": "97797", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T03:56:17.643", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-26T03:56:17.643", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97796", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "冒険 is a word that is associated with \"real\" adventures into the deep sea,\nouter space, etc., and the primarily translation of 冒険する is \"to have an\nadventure\". Something like 未開のジャングルへと冒険していく is perfectly fine. On the other\nhand, something like ヨーロッパ市場へと冒険していく is understandable but usually sounds a\nbit too grandiose. Instead, you may want to say ヨーロッパ市場へと足を踏み入れる,\nヨーロッパ市場に挑戦する, 思い切ってヨーロッパ市場に進出する, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-26T05:59:17.613", "id": "97799", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T06:05:28.893", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-26T06:05:28.893", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97798", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In Japanese, 涵 is still 涵, and this character is not simplified in neither\nChinese nor Japanese.\n\nThere are a few point to note:\n\n * After WWII, both China and Japan simplified some of the characters, some are simplified in the same way, some are simplified similarly, and some are simplified differently. E.g. \n_(Syntax: Traditional Chinese → Simplified Chinese/Kanji)_\n\n> 國 → 国/国 (Simplified the same in SC and JP) \n> 鐵 → 铁/鉄 (Simplified similarly in SC and JP) \n> 傳 → 传/伝 (Simplified differently in SC and JP)\n\n * Aside from simplification, Japan also introduced character replacements, meaning some harder characters are replaced with easier ones, but the harder characters are not technically \"simplified\". E.g.\n\n> 智慧 → 智慧/知恵 \n> 掠奪 → 掠夺/略奪 \n> 繃帶 → 绷带/包帯 \n> 輪廓 → 轮廓/輪郭 \n>\n\n> But technically 智, 慧, 掠, 廓 and 繃 are never \"simplified\" in Japanese. They\n> just aren't used anymore.\n\n * Then, there are just some characters that are never used in Japanese. Like 抻, 嘿, 啊, 忒, which are common to Chinese but Japanese never really adopted them into Japanese.\n\nAs for the case of 涵, it belongs to neither of these categories. It IS adapted\ninto Japanese(so not category 3), it is neither simplified in China nor in\nJapan(so not category 1), and in Japan it is NOT replaced by 含(so not category\n2). 涵 is used in words like 涵養{かんよう} and 涵{ひた}す.\n\nHere a link to 涵 on KanjiPedia:\n\n<https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kanji/0001064300>", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-26T18:12:33.317", "id": "97801", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T19:46:44.157", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-26T19:46:44.157", "last_editor_user_id": "54763", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "97800", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Simply put, 肉親 means your family and 血族 the broader blood relatives.\n\n[大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%82%89%E8%A6%AA/#jn-166516) says it\nmeans your parents or siblings. Practically it more often refers to your\nparents. In some contexts like 遺産をめぐり肉親で争う (conflicts over inheritance among\nfamily members), it includes your relatives.\n\n血族 includes your aunts, uncles, cousins etc. So marriages among relatives are\ncalled 血族結婚. FYI, not a common word, but there seems to be the word\n[血族親](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/5182/meaning/m1u/%E8%A1%80%E6%97%8F/),\nwhich means relatives within 6 steps in the family tree.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-26T22:16:54.930", "id": "97805", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T22:16:54.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97802", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I assume you are referring to\n\n * [冂部](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%82%E9%83%A8)\n\nAccording to the wikipedia article and the following, 冂 represents outskirts\nfar from cities, there used to be a kun-reading in Japan まき(牧=farm), and\nthat's why it is called まきがまえ.\n\n * [「冂」という漢字](https://okjiten.jp/kanji2823.html)\n * [冂←この漢字何て読むのですか？](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1016995390)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-26T22:06:29.240", "id": "97804", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-26T22:06:29.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97803", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "神経 can appear naturally in non-translated conversations. In a sentence like\nthis, it refers to someone's common-sense judgment. どういう神経だ (or どんな神経をしているんだ)\nmay be said after someone said or did something based on an insane judgement.\nCourage or audacity is not necessarily relevant, so its meaning may be broader\nthan \"What a nerve!\" in English. But 神経が図太い is an idiom that means \"to have\nstrong nerves\" or \"fearless\", so what it actually refers to depends on the\nphrase.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T00:32:42.687", "id": "97807", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T00:38:11.883", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-27T00:38:11.883", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97806", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Looking at\n[entries](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/nerve) in\nCambridge online, there are these:\n\n * the courage or confidence necessary to do something difficult, unpleasant, or rude:\n * the rudeness to do something that you know will upset other people:\n\nIn terms of meaning, nerve and 神経 are rather similar. 神経 is used for _daring\nto do something rude_. どういう神経・どんな神経（してる） is more or less equivalent to _what a\nnerve_. Rather than 'courage'(勇気) or 'confidence'(自信), it is generally called\n[厚かましさ](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8E%9A%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%84).\n\nIn terms of translation, my impression is that you need to see it as 'what a\nnerve' in some way even for 'having the nerve'. For example (from the link\nabove),\n\n> She's late for work every day, but she still has the nerve to lecture me\n> about punctuality.\n>\n> 彼女は毎日遅刻してるのに、自分に時間を守るように言ってくるのはどういう神経をしてるのか (Literally 'what kind of nerve\n> does she have to lecture me about punctuality')\n\nSo, in most cases, that sense of 神経 is used in the form of どんな神経 although\nthere are phrases like 神経が太い/図太い神経をしている etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T01:13:19.793", "id": "97810", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T01:13:19.793", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97806", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If that \"explicit material\" refers to sexually explicit materials, you usually\nshould use 性的な表現 to avoid confusion. The word \"explicit\" in such a phrase is a\nkind of euphemism, and there is no good equivalent for this in Japanese.\nRecently, some have started to use 露骨な表現 to translate \"explicit material\", but\nthis is still unsafe if your target readers are the general public. 露骨 by\nitself has had no connotation related to sex or violence in Japanese, and\n露骨な表現 normally refers to direct insult, unreserved remarks, etc. If you want a\nbroader phrase that includes graphic violence, drug-related contents and such,\nyou can use 子供に不適切な内容, 成年向け表現, etc. 明白な内容/表現 (\"clear content/expression\") is\nout of the question.\n\n\"Explicit violence\" is 露骨な暴力. Another common term used in the context of\ncontent rating is 残虐表現.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T01:07:00.080", "id": "97809", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T01:33:57.360", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-27T01:33:57.360", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97808", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "Both 露骨 (rokotsu) and 明白 (meihaku) can be used to describe explicit or\nexplicitness in Japanese. However, there is a slight difference in nuance\nbetween the two words.\n\n露骨 (rokotsu) means \"blatant\" or \"overt,\" and is used to describe something\nthat is very clear or obvious. It is often used to describe things that are\ninappropriate or offensive in a very open or straightforward way.\n\n明白 (meihaku) means \"clear\" or \"obvious,\" and is used to describe something\nthat is easy to understand or recognize. It is often used to describe things\nthat are explicit or straightforward in a more neutral or objective way.\n\nIn the context of data, content, or material generally either 露骨 (rokotsu) or\n明白 (meihaku) could be used, depending on the tone or perspective you wish to\nconvey. 露骨 (rokotsu) might be more appropriate if you want to emphasize the\noffensiveness or inappropriateness of the content\n\n明白 (meihaku) might be more appropriate if you want to simply describe the\ncontent as being explicit or straightforward, for example 彼の指示は明白だった。 He was\nexplicit in his instruction.", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-01T03:27:18.340", "id": "97889", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-14T03:17:10.373", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-14T03:17:10.373", "last_editor_user_id": "55356", "owner_user_id": "55356", "parent_id": "97808", "post_type": "answer", "score": -4 } ]

[ { "body": "It expresses a pause in internal speech, and just means the same as\nこういう時間帯の呼び名があった= _there was a name for such a time (of the day)_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T10:05:46.240", "id": "97812", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T10:05:46.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97811", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This ”を” means ”from” and ”退く” is intransitive.\n\nIf it is correct when you change ”～を” to ”～から”, it's probably intransitive.\n\nFor example,\n\nIf you change ”パンを食べる” to ”パンから食べる”(I eat from bread!?), it is incorrect\n(actually, the meaning is change to ”I eat a bread previously”). So, ”食べる” is\ntransitive.\n\nIf you change ”家を出る” to ”家から出る”(I leave from my home), it is correct! So ”出る”\nis intransitive.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T13:43:30.263", "id": "97814", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T17:25:38.680", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-27T17:25:38.680", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97813", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Japanese has two way of formal writing.\n\nOne is ”だである調”(means だ and である form). It leave the end of the sentence as it\nis or add ”～だ” or ”～である” there. For example, 外に犬がいる, 私は寿司が好きだ, 私は寿司が好きである. We\ncan mostly change だ to である. It is more formal than ですます調. Moreover, である is\nmore formal than だ. And である has nuance a little old-fashioned (but it is often\nused in the books).\n\nThe other is ”ですます調”(means です and ます form). It add ”～です” or ”～ます” to the end\nof sentence. For example, 私は寿司が好きです, 今日は早く寝ます. We cannot change です to ます. It\nis more politeness than だである調, and we can use it anywhere.\n\nある,いる is だである調. In ですます調, it become あります, います.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T16:29:36.657", "id": "97820", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T06:09:25.757", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-28T06:09:25.757", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97815", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In Japanese, it is difficult to choose the correct writing style. This is\nbecause if you use a noun + do to express an action, it is either \"...する\" or\n\"...します\" but if you use a verb, you either use the verb as it is or change the\nendings. The former is called joutai(=normal) and the latter is called\nkeitai(=honorific).\n\nExamples of the latter: run/run listen/hear Generally, the verb ending (at the\nend) changes from -u to -i e.g. Japanese/the Kunrei romanization system of\nJapanese/normal/honorific 走る/hashiru/hashiru/hashirimasu 聴く/kiku/kiku/kikimasu\nIn this way, in the honorific form, the \"ます\" is added after changing the\nending of a word.\n\nIn \"He is a genius,\" the word for \"is\" in English is \"だ\". In English, the verb\n\"be\" corresponds to \"だ・である\" or \"です・ます\" in Japanese. In general, the \"です・ます\" is\ndescribed as \"honorific\" and \"だ・である\" is described as \"normal\".\n\nThus, it is very difficult to explain the most appropriate way of speaking in\nJapanese because of the variety of endings and other changes that exist in\ndifferent types of verbs, be verbs, nouns, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T16:31:05.797", "id": "97821", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T16:31:05.797", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55258", "parent_id": "97815", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "”～という” is similar to ”that～”(relative pronoun) or ”about～”. It add explanation\nto the words. In your example, ”という” can add ”最高に便利な街を目指して計画された” to ”気”. In\nEnglish, I got feeling **that** tokyo was planed to be the most convenient\ncity.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T06:25:07.303", "id": "97832", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T06:25:07.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97816", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "verb(plain form) + ”べき”\n\nIn your example, ”この欄に携帯番号を記入するべきですか？それとも、空白にするべきですか？”.\n\nExample 記入する + べき = 記入するべき(I should write) 食べる + べき = 食べるべき(I should eat)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T19:11:58.267", "id": "97825", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T19:11:58.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97822", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Practically you can think of どうしたというの/どうしたっていうの as a variant of どうしたの= _what\nis the matter/what happened_.\n\nLooking at a definition of\n[という](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86/#jn-154743),\nit can emphasize the preceding word, and どうしたっての has more questioning tone\nthan どうしたの.\n\n> ２ 「と」の受ける事柄を取り立てて強調する意を表す。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T02:43:48.590", "id": "97830", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T02:43:48.590", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97826", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It will depend on context or meaning of the sentence. For your case, yes, (B)\nis the only possibility.\n\nConsider\n\n 1. 子供が学校に行っていた間に買い物をすませた。While child is away for the school, I finished shopping.\n 2. セールがやっていた間にいろいろ買った. While they have the sale, I bought many things.\n\nFor 1, only (B) is possible. Otherwise it does not make sense. For 2, the sale\nmay or may not have ended. So (A) or (B) is possible.\n\n* * *\n\nFYI using present tense in the subordinate clause (子供が昼寝をしている間に,\n子供が学校に行っている間に, セールがやっている間に) does not change the meaning, and is possibly more\nnatural.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-27T22:33:09.200", "id": "97829", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-27T22:33:09.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97827", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "まず has the nuance of ”first of order”. And it is often followed by ”次に”(next)\nor ”2番目に”(secondly).\n\n最初に has ”first of all”(I think it's almost the same as まず). And followed by 次に\nor 2番目に.\n\n先に has ”adding in front of the order from outside them”. And followed by\n”その後に”(after that).\n\nBut almost no difference in meaning, rather it depends on the collocation.\nFurthermore, there is also the expression ”まず先に” or ”まず最初に”.\n\nIn your situation, I think ”先に” or ”まず先に” is more appropriate. However, your\nsentences are a little short to judge. The possibility of using different\nexpressions is left to other sentences.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T04:10:14.000", "id": "97831", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T04:18:54.420", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-28T04:18:54.420", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97828", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "この町は死んでいる is a perfectly understandable way of describing a ghost town\n(\"liveliness\" is an important factor of a town).\n\nSomething like スマホが死んだ is relatively common in slangy or geeky speech, too,\nbut it normally means the smartphone is broken (the ordinary way of saying\nthis is スマホが壊れた).", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T09:02:58.053", "id": "97835", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T09:59:25.203", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-28T09:59:25.203", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97834", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't know that song, but I think it is a pun. In kansai, people uses\n”～しまんで！” instead of ”～しますよ”. So it is a pun on the words ”飲ませていただきまんで！” and\n”飲ませていただきマンデー(Monday)”.\n\nTherefore, the meaning is ”If I should tell a lie, I could swalloWednesday the\nneedles!” (When I try to make such a pun in English, I had to use Wednesday.)\n\nBy the way, merely ”飲ませていただき！” is not used even kansai.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T10:26:20.053", "id": "97837", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-29T03:26:56.190", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-29T03:26:56.190", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97836", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't know the technical term, but just as a Japanese phrase, the most\nlikely is 連続した動作. 動作の連続 may work as well. The difference between the two is\nthe emphasis is on _action_ in the former, _succession_ in the latter.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T12:46:03.720", "id": "97839", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T13:49:55.373", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-28T13:49:55.373", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97838", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "As a linguistic term, we say **継起【けいき】** (literally: \"successive occurrence\").\n\nFor example, from a random [English learning\nwebsite](https://englischool.com/participial-construction/):\n\n> 2-1. 継起「～して」\n>\n> Taking a key out f my bag, I opened the box. 私はかばんから鍵を取り出して、その箱を開けた。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T16:44:32.263", "id": "97841", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T16:44:32.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "97838", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "All 6 phrases are possible in appropriate contexts.\n\n * [手を出す](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99/#jn-148912) has several figurative meanings.\n * 手を出す in the literal sense is close to 手を差し出す. But they are not completely interchangeable. E.g., 手を出して= _Give me your hands (I'll hand something over)_ ; 手を差し出して is not idiomatic.\n * 首を出す only means the literal sense which is close to 首を突き出す. Both usually mean sticking out your head.\n * 首を差し出す usually means figuratively _to sacrifice somebody_ (cf. [差し出す＃2](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%B7%AE%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99/#jn-87792)). It may literally mean _to submit a severed head_ in fictions.\n\n* * *\n\nFYI 顔を出す means figuratively _to drop by_. 顔を突き出す is used less idiomatically\nmeaning the same as 首を突き出す. 顔を差し出す is not really possible.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-29T00:54:11.907", "id": "97846", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-29T00:54:11.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97840", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I suppose [this\ndefinition](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%B9%E6%8A%9C-2079362) is clearer:\n\n> さえぎるものがなく、風が自由に吹き通ること。また、その所。吹きはらい。\n\nWhat is commonly referred to as 吹き抜け is '二階または数階貫通して床を設けず，上下がつながった構造になっていること'.\nThis means that a part of the ceiling is removed and there is no 'wall'\nvertically. Outside houses, the most typical is the structure of shopping\nmalls where there is no ceilings at the center (in Japan, typically, an AEON).\n\nAs for '家屋で，柱の間に壁がなく外部に開放されていること。', this should mean horizontal wallless-ness.\nI think the definition is vague, and as far as I can think of, 外部に開放されている does\nnot mean more than a room without a wall ( _exposed to the outside of the\nroom_ ).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T22:24:25.227", "id": "97844", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T22:24:25.227", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97842", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You are right in thinking そうかと is そうかと思って.\n\nThe relevant meanings of か are [the\nfollowing](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%8B/#jn-34861)\n\n> ４ 勧誘・依頼の意を表す。「そろそろ行こう―」「手伝っていただけません―」\n>\n> ７ 引用した句の意味やある事実を確かめ、自分自身に言い聞かせる意を表す。「急がば回れ―」「そろそろ寝るとする―」\n\nThe particular instance can be understood as inviting oneself to stretch out,\nso 少し手足を伸ばそうかと would literally mean _thinking 'let's stretch out a little'_.\n\nA few examples:\n\n * 話題の新作を見ようと映画館に行った With the intention of watching the new film, I went to the theater.\n * 残り物を食べようと冷蔵庫を開けた Trying to finish off the leftovers, I opened the fridge.\n\n* * *\n\nSo it should be counted as another mistranslation.\n\n * [誤訳・珍訳 日本語版ハリー・ポッターの不思議 Wiki](https://wikiwiki.jp/harrypotter/)\n\nI've read neither the original nor the translation, but heard that Harry\nPotter was originally very minor, the huge success was not expected, and\n(accordingly) the translation is not of great quality.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-28T22:59:04.757", "id": "97845", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-28T22:59:04.757", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97843", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "It's かんどうばなし because it refers to touching stories in general. Rendaku is\nnecessary.\n\n(感動話 is read かんどうわ when if refers to an episode of a serial drama, manga,\nanime, etc.\n[Example](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11242262606))", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-29T23:28:19.670", "id": "97852", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-29T23:36:12.660", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-29T23:36:12.660", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97848", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is rather about _addition_ of に. 間/うち is a noun and X間/うち can be used\nadverbially as noun phrases expressing time (like other time expressions). You\ncan think に is optional to some extent, but idiomaticity varies depending on\nthe nature of the main verb (and other semantic factors).\n\nAs for 間/間に, に adds the 'point-in-time'-ness to 間 which sounds like the whole\nduration. When there is に, the main clause tends to be instantaneous and when\nthere is no に, it is continuous.\n\n * 家に帰るまでの間、小説を読んでいた\n\n_Reading a novel_ happens all the time while going back home (on the train for\nexample).\n\n * 家に帰るまでの間に、小説を読み終えた\n\n_Finishing a novel_ is instantaneous.\n\nIn both of the above, switching 間/間に makes them less natural (but not\ncompletely odd).\n\n* * *\n\nSimilarly for うち/うちに, but the difference seems more subtle to me.\n\n * 本を読んでいるうちに、眠りに落ちた\n * 本を読んでいるうち(に)、眠くなってきた\n\nFor the former, dropping に is ok but less natural (to me); for the latter, に\nis totally optional.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T00:31:35.277", "id": "97853", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T00:31:35.277", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97849", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "1. Yes.\n 2. Yes it's a subordinate clause, and 忘れてきた is in the relative past. It becomes relative present when describing something that happens on his way home. \n * 雪が降っているのに気づいた。 \nI noticed it was snowing.\n\n * 傘を忘れているのに気づいた。 \n(ている for continuation-of-state)\n\nNote that the use of 間に is not natural here. You can say 家に帰っていると or 家に帰る途中で.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-29T23:14:55.927", "id": "97851", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-29T23:14:55.927", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97850", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The actual value of ん depends on the following sound according to the\nfollowing sources.\n\n * [日本語の「ん」っていろんな発音があるんです!](https://yossense.com/sound-japanese-n/)\n * [音声学の復習⑤撥音「ン」の発音](https://sensee.jp/media/be-teacher/phonetics5-japanese-nn-pronunciation/)\n\nIn 店員, ん is followed by a vowel い, so the t **en** is pronounced as a nasal\nvowel /tẽ/. That's probably why you don't hear a distinct ん.\n\n* * *\n\nThis table is from the second link: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vYPtG.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T00:59:59.240", "id": "97855", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T01:12:57.427", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-30T01:12:57.427", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97854", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "The \"correct\" pronunciation is てんいん, but the ん sound often vanishes before い\n(and sometimes え). It's not that the _n_ sound is hard to hear with your non-\nJapanese ears, but that many native speakers actually pronounce 店員 without the\n_n_ sound at all.\n\nWord | Correct | Conventional \n---|---|--- \n全員 | ぜんいん | ぜえいん / ぜいいん \n原因 | げんいん | げえいん / げいいん \n店員 / 転院 | てんいん | てえいん / ていいん \n満員 | まんいん | まいいん \n \nAccording to [this\nsurvey](https://mmsrv.ninjal.ac.jp/shutoken_atlas/results/5-2_1302_14.pdf)\n(PDF, in Japanese), the majority of young native speakers pronounce 全員 as\nぜえいん, and many university students are even unaware that 店員 and 定員 have to be\npronounced differently.\n\nSome native speakers wrongly remember the kana spelling of 店員, and thus 定員さん\nis one of the most common misuses of kanji that happens every few minutes on\nTwitter (see [this search\nresult](https://twitter.com/search?q=%22%E5%AE%9A%E5%93%A1%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%22&f=live)).\nMy IME can convert ぜいいん to 全員, etc.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rQQYG.png)\n\nI think you can think of this phenomenon as a set of exceptions that are not\nyet recognized by dictionaries but are common in reality. A similar phenomenon\ndoes not happen with relatively uncommon words like 班員 and 音韻 (as far as I\nknow, they are never pronounced like はいいん or おおいん/おいいん).\n\nAlso note that the second kana is elongated, so 定員さん can be てえいんさん or ていいんさん,\nbut not ていんさん or てえんさん.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [How are 'nasalized vowels' pronounced?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/73687/5010)\n * [What is this い sound change?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33855/5010)\n * [全員とは（ゼーインとは） - Nicopedia](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E5%85%A8%E5%93%A1)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T05:19:20.013", "id": "97858", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T05:58:42.883", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-30T05:58:42.883", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97854", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

[ { "body": "A lot is omitted.\n\nIt means 本番前日に詰め込みすぎても(良くない)ってね(一般に言われてるよね).\n\nIn English, ”(It is generally said that it's not good) to cram too much the\nday before the performance.”\n\nSo it is 詰め込みすぎても/ってね rather than 詰め込みすぎ/てもってね.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T04:32:18.047", "id": "97857", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T12:06:58.460", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-30T12:06:58.460", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97856", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Simply considering 'looks like this place isn't empty', I guess what you are\nthinking are:\n\n 1. ここは空じゃ **なさ** そうだ\n 2. ここは空じゃ **ない** そうだ\n 3. ここは空じゃないようだ\n\n1 and 3 work as translation for the phrase (putting the exact wording aside).\n2 means hearsay - \"I've heard this place is not empty\"\n\nAs for the last point, yes, そうだね/ようだね can be そうね/ようね, which sounds feminine.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T12:50:50.497", "id": "97863", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T12:50:50.497", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "As you guess, とこ is ところ, which means literally 'place' as commented.\n\nIn 他んところにしてる借金, 他んところにしてる is a relative clause modifying 借金. So it means _the\ndebt (I) have at other places_. More concretely, ところ means money lenders.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T13:00:49.613", "id": "97864", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T13:00:49.613", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97860", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "The main issue is the usage of 手足を伸ばす.\n\n手足を伸ばす basically has an implication of relaxing (imagine stretching out on a\nbed). See the following definition in Daijisen:\n\n> 手足を伸ば・す \n> ゆっくりと休む。「実家へ帰って―・す」\n\nSince you can’t really 手足を伸ばして歩く (feels a little contradictory), to interpret\nthe sentence you need to link the 手足を伸ばす all the way to the situation of being\nin the bakery where somehow you relax during shopping. But it’s a _stretch_.\n\nBTW, while 足を伸ばす works slightly better because it at least can imply movement,\nit isn’t perfect because it basically means to extend your journey (i.e.,\ntravel additionally), but there is no initial travel in this situation so it\ndoesn’t quite fit.\n\nSo it’s a bit of a mystery what the translator was going for IMO. It’s quite\npossible they just got their idioms entirely mixed up.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T12:31:37.347", "id": "97862", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-30T12:31:37.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "97861", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Perhaps, it is to match the melody. I have the impression that only one person\nis trying to take the other's hand, but it is not so strange.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T08:19:22.550", "id": "97948", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T08:19:22.550", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97865", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The masu stem form of a verb is commonly used to connect multiple verbs\ntogether and indicate the sequence of actions or events. It doesn’t directly\ntranslate to “and” but rather implies that one action follows another.\n\nIn the sentence 手を取り歩ける the masu stem form of 取る (which is 取り) is used to\nconnect the 2 verbs - hold hands and walk. The sentence 二人手をとり 歩けたなら would\ntranslate to “if only the two of us could take hands and (then) walk.”", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-03T12:37:25.300", "id": "99830", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-03T12:37:25.300", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31549", "parent_id": "97865", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Basic differences (of relevant meanings of those words) are:\n\n * 様子 is modified by phrases saying about inner state. So it could be defined as an inner/mental state appearing outside.\n * 姿 is an overall outward appearance\n * 恰好 is also an outward appearance, but more specifically about clothes. It can refer to a shape as well.\n\nBy examples:\n\n 1. 心配そうな{〇様子, △姿, ×恰好} _look of being worried_\n 2. 心配している{△様子, 〇姿, ×恰好} _a figure who is worried_\n 3. みすぼらしい{×様子, 〇姿, 〇恰好} _shabby_ implying poor clothes\n\n△ for 心配している様子 is a bit exaggerating, but 心配している implies that it is a fact,\nnot inferred. 様子 fits less naturally.\n\n * 山の様子 _how the mountain is_ - if it is rainy, about to erupt etc.\n * 山の姿 _how the mountain looks_ - the appearance of the actual mountain.\n * (山の恰好 is an abbreviated form of 山向けの恰好, outfit for mountain climbing)\n\nCf. Relevant thesaurus entries.\n\n * [姿](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/32/meaning/m1u/%E5%A7%BF/)\n * [様子](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/13627/meaning/m1u/%E6%A7%98%E5%AD%90/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-31T03:21:13.677", "id": "97869", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-31T03:21:13.677", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97866", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "As [this kotobank entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BF%83%E8%A8%BC-81951)\nand the following [J-E dictionary\ndefinition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%BF%83%E8%A8%BC/#je-37713)\nsuggest, 心証 is usually used in the sense of a judge's conviction. Or more\nverbosely, a judge's impression about a case or people involved. It is close\nto 印象.\n\n> 1〔判事の確信〕a firm [deep] belief; (a) conviction\n>\n> 2〔印象〕an impression\n\nOn the other hand, 心象 is a picture itself in someone's mind. It is static\nimage free from evaluation. So 心象 is _impression_ in the very literal sense -\nan image stamped on someone's mind. As such it never gets better nor worse.\n心象を害する・損なう is simply erroneous.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for 損なう・害する, I think 心証を害する and 心証を損なう are practically the same. 害する sounds\nexplicit damage and 損なう more like 'diminished/impaired', so that 害する may be\nworse.\n\nFor usage in general, 気分を害する is a little strange phrase where the subject can\nbe either offender or offendee.\n\n 1. 彼は気分を害した.\n 2. 彼は彼女の気分を害した.\n\n_He_ is the offendee in 1 and the offender in 2. In analogy with this, the\nsubject of 心証を害する can be a judge, but it should be rare (usually a judge is\nthe one whose impression is impaired).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-30T23:39:04.593", "id": "97868", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-31T09:09:24.133", "last_edit_date": "2022-12-31T09:09:24.133", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97867", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "もの means ”object”, こと means ”situation”. But の means both ”object” and\n”situation”.\n\nTherefore, for example, if 大きいの means ”big one(object)”, you can replace it\nwith 大きいもの, but it means merely ”big(situation)”, you have to replace it with\n大きいこと.\n\nIn your example, 町に人が多い is the situation. So it is good to replace with\n町に人が多いこと.\n\nIf you replace it correctly, there is little difference between the two\nexpressions. But I think it is more natural that you use の than もの or こと in\nmany cases.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-31T20:48:33.337", "id": "97876", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-31T20:48:33.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97871", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I think your sources are probably wrong. Firstly, it is not ot **o** matone\nbut ot **a** matone. As [Wikipedia\nsays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otamatone), オタマトーン{otamatōn} is made by\ncombining オタマジャクシ{otamajakushi} (tadpole) and トーン{tōn} (tone). I've never\nheard of \"mato\" meaning \"hand\", and I'm Japanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-31T20:06:18.150", "id": "97875", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-01T19:53:49.693", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-01T19:53:49.693", "last_editor_user_id": "47010", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97872", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "形容動詞(adjectival noun) is divided into two types, named ナリ活用 and タリ活用. There is\nonly one 連体形 for each, ～なる(in ナリ活用) and ～たる(in タリ活用).\n\n形容詞(adjective) is divided into two types, named ク活用 and シク活用. But there are\ntwo 連体形 for each, ～き･～かる (in ク活用) and ～しき･～しかる(in シク活用). ～き and ～しき is mainly\nfollowed by the nouns. And ～かる and ～しかる is mainly followed by the auxiliary\nverbs. However, the usage followed by the noun does not seem to be completely\nunused. Actually, I find an expression ”隙多かる板屋”(the house with many gaps) in\n源氏物語, but I don't find other example.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-01T19:52:48.980", "id": "97898", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T14:32:50.923", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-02T14:32:50.923", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97874", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "### Clarifying the context of the question\n\nThe particular Imabi page referenced in the question appears to be this one:\n[\"Classical Adjectives II\"](https://www.imabi.net/classicaladjectivesii.htm).\n\nThe specific paragraph at issue, in the 「ナリ型形容動詞」 towards the top of the web\npage:\n\n> Similar to 形容詞, the に-連用形 is used with conjunctive particles and may be used\n> adverbially. Since all but one base is a ラ-変 conjugate, the なる-連体形 may\n> follow nominals whereas the かる・しかる-連体形 cannot.\n\n### Problems in the Imabi text\n\nThis description is confused.\n\nThe 連体形【れんたいけい】 or \"adnominal form\" of any verb or adjective can _follow_\n(that is, \"come after\") any appropriate noun or phrase being used as a noun (a\n\"nominal\"). So the description above is off the mark in this regard.\n\nI suspect what they intended is that the 連体形【れんたいけい】 of this specific ～かる\nconjugation ending for adjectives cannot _**be** follow **ed**_ by nominals\n(that is, \"nominals can't come after this\").\n\nBut why is this? Let's dive in.\n\n### Development of the ～かり conjugation paradigm\n\nThis doesn't seem to be discussed in the Imabi content I've seen so far.\n\nThe various ～かり・～かる etc. endings for _-i_ adjectives all come from fusion with\nthe regular ～く ending, plus the Classical copular (\"to be\") verb あり.\n\nLet's look at this with the Classical adjective 高【たか】し (\"high; tall\"), which\nbecame modern 高【たか】い.\n\nConjugation Form | Adjective Only | Adj + あり Broken Out | Adj + あり Fused \n---|---|---|--- \n**未然形【みぜんけい】** \n **Irrealis** (not happened yet) | _[高]{たか}く_ \n_(*Note 1)_ | _[高]{たか}く_ + あら | _高【たか】から_ \n**連用形【れんようけい】** \n **Continuative / Adverbial** (modifies verb or verbal phrase) | _[高]{たか}く_ |\n_[高]{たか}く_ + あり | _高【たか】かり_ \n**終止形【しゅうしけい】** \n **Terminal / Predicative** (ends a sentence) | _[高]{たか}し_ | _[高]{たか}く_ + あり |\n_高【たか】かり_ \n**連体形【れんたいけい】** \n **Adnominal / Attributive** (modifies noun or nominal phrase) | _[高]{たか}き_ |\n_[高]{たか}く_ + ある | _高【たか】かる_ \n**已然形【いぜんけい】** \n **Realis / Subjunctive** (as if it has happened) | _[高]{たか}けれ \n(*Note 2)_ | _[高]{たか}く_ + あれ \n_(*Note 2)_ | _高【たか】かれ_ \n_(*Note 2)_ \n**命令形【めいれいけい】** \n **Imperative / Command** | - _(*Note 3)_ | _[高]{たか}く_ + あれ | _[高]{たか}かれ_ \n \n * **Note 1:** By some analyses, _-i_ adjectives don't have any 未然形【みぜんけい】 or irrealis form, as there is no action or change of state inherent in the meaning of this class of words, and thus no means for this non-action to \"not happen yet\". Most materials that I've seen still include this form, since this is the classic explanation for negatives. An alternative view is that negatives for _-i_ adjectives are simply the adverbial ～く form + the negative auxiliary ない. The fact that you can validly insert certain particles between the ～く and the ない appears to bolster this argument, in constructions such as 高【たか】く **[は]{●}** ない or 難【むずか】しく **[も]{●}** ない\n * **Note 2:** The ～けれ ending for _-i_ adjectives is often explained as the fusion of ～く + あれ (such as in the Japanese Wikipedia [here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E#%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8), last paragraph of that section). However, this makes no sense phonologically: in all other cases of ～く + あ～ fusion, this results in ～か～, not ～け～. And, indeed, [there was a ～かれ realis ending for adjectives during the Edo period](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E#%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8), used in apparent free variation with ～けれ (although this ～かれ for the realis appears to be obsolete in modern mainstream usage). \nI suspect that ～けれ is instead a development from the older\n[～け](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%91-487968) realis ending found in Old\nJapanese. The ～けれ adjective ending is already\n[attestable](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/ot2www-\njapanese?specfile=/web/data/japanese/search/japanese.o2w&act=surround&lang=en&offset=1618636&id=Ano05Gs&query=%B9%E2%A4%B1%A4%EC)\nin the [後撰【ごせん】和歌【わか】集【しゅう】](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosen_Wakash%C5%AB)\ndated to the mid-900s.\n\n * **Note 3:** There is no imperative form for base _-i_ adjectives without the addition of a verb. Much like in Note 1 above, without a verb, there is no action to command someone to do.\n\nThe forms fused with あり (\"to be\") are mostly obsolete in modern usage. There\nare a couple exceptions, where these forms persist:\n\n * The imperative (or possibly the Edo-period realis?) is still used in modern Japanese in specific phrases, such as 多【おお】かれ少【すく】なかれ (\"more or less\"), basically parsing out as \"be it more, be it less\".\n * The ～かった past-tense ending for modern _-i_ adjectives is from this same ～く + あり fusion, using あった in the past tense.\n\n### Usage\n\nHistorically, the forms fused with あり and its conjugations were only used in\nthose cases where the bare adjective itself wouldn't fit the grammar -- such\nas when the adjective was followed in turn by a subsidiary verb like べし\n(\"should\") or まい (\"probably won't\"), which only attach to verbs.\n\nSince the adnominal or attributive form of the base adjective already does the\njob of modifying a nominal, there was never any real need for the fused\nadnominal form ～かる when modifying a nominal. This is probably why ～かる +\n`[NOMINAL]` constructions are so rare.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T22:42:14.490", "id": "97933", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T00:58:17.650", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T00:58:17.650", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "97874", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "In short, no. This 何点か is a reference to (part of) something already\nintroduced. Since the only plausible thing to refer to in the immediate\ncontext (at least in the quoted sentence) is \"blogs\", that would be picked up.\nIf you want it to refer to locations, you need to explicitly introduce them\nfirst, like:\n\n> 過去のブログで紹介した場所の中から何点かを紹介します\n\nor maybe\n\n> 私はこれまで色々な場所について書きました。今日は、過去のブログの中から何点かを紹介します。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-01T12:48:51.750", "id": "97893", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-01T12:48:51.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "97877", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "年分 means \"years\" or \"period of time\" in this context. So 過去数十年分 would\ntranslate to \"the past several decades\" or \"the past several years.\"\n\n\"Yes. As it turns out, they had been commissioned by the city to appraise\njewels for the past several decades.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-01T02:49:06.860", "id": "97879", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-01T02:49:06.860", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55356", "parent_id": "97878", "post_type": "answer", "score": -3 }, { "body": "It's \"several decades' worth of appraisal\" - the implication is that there is\na certain amount of work to be done every decade (of appraising jewels), and\nthe amount does not change much decade by decade, so you can count them by\ndecades.\n\nThe frequency is unclear from the passage alone, by the way. It's possible\nthat they did the appraisal only once in those decades in one big batch\n(perhaps unlikely), once every year, once every month, or more frequently than\nthat.\n\nA similar and more common example: If you get garbage collection every week\nand the collector skips one time, you will have accumulated two weeks' worth\nof garbage, or 2週間分のごみが溜まっています.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T03:27:05.830", "id": "97918", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T03:37:58.697", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-03T03:37:58.697", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "97878", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Originally, there is no reason to write in katakana because サイコロ isn't foreign\norigin word. But サイコロ is often used now, because if we use さいころ, it is\ndifficult to read when it is sandwiched by other hiragana. さい of さいころ is\nChinese reading of 塞, means サイコロ used in 双六(sugoroku, dice game). And it was\nattached the sufix ”ころ”. (by Wikipedia in Japanese and I translated it.)\n\nWhat you find in Google is probably サイコロステーキ(diced stake). I think they're\nirrelevant because the word サイコロステーキ was coined long after the word サイコロ was\ncoined.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-01T18:28:00.130", "id": "97896", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-01T18:28:00.130", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97895", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "何百というふくろう is very close to 何百ものふくろう:\n\n * 数百(羽)のふくろう \nseveral hundred owls\n\n * 何百(羽)ものふくろう \nhundreds of owls\n\n * 何百(羽)というふくろう \nhundreds of owls\n\nAlthough the latter two are translated into English the same way, I think the\nという version is a little more emphatic and literary, and often has a stronger\nconnotation of \"countless\". I think it's best to remember this as a common\ngrammar pattern rather than asking why. (Grammatically, 何百という is a relative\nclause that modifies ふくろう, so a super-literal translation is \"owls to which\none says hundreds\".)\n\nYou can say the same thing adverbially:\n\n * ふくろうが数百(羽)飛び交っている。 \nSeveral hundred owls are flying about.\n\n * ふくろうが何百(羽) **も** 飛び交っている。 \nHundreds of owls are flying about.\n\nIn this pattern, 何 must be used with も, so 何百のふくろう and ふくろうが何百飛び交う are both\nungrammatical. (You can say 何百のふくろう if you are asking \"how many hundreds of\nowls?\", though.)\n\n**EDIT:** An important difference from ～もの is that you can use という only with\n何. For example, you can say 83羽ものふくろう (\"as many as eighty three owls\") but not\n83羽というふくろう.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T04:32:44.583", "id": "97903", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T13:54:34.203", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-02T13:54:34.203", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97897", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "世の中 is \" **(human)** society **(around us)** \" or \" **(this human)** world\".\n世の中 is often interchangeable with\n[世間](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%96%E9%96%93). You may use \"world\" as a\ntranslation of 世の中 only when it refers to _this_ human society you are\nfamiliar with. For example, \"(Wow) it's a small world!\" is 世の中は狭いね (or 世間は狭いね)\nin Japanese. 世の中/世間 basically refers to the society as far as you can\npersonally recognize and interact with through daily conversations, media,\neconomic activities, etc.\n\n世界 is a word that corresponds to \"world\" in nearly all cases. You can say 世界中\n\"all over the world\", ファンタジー世界 \"fantasy world\", クラシック音楽の世界 \"the world of\nclassical music\", ハリー・ポッターの世界 \"the world of Harry Potter\", 別の世界 \"another\nworld\" and so on.\n\nSee also: [社会 【しゃかい】 and 世間 【せけん】 -- what is the\ndifference?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62590/5010)\n\n**EDIT:** For example, 世の中の仕組み (\"How 世の中 works\") typically refers to things\nlike politics, tax, police, schools and such, while 世界の仕組み typically refers to\nmore fundamental things like gravity, inertia, atoms, time and DNA.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T04:13:12.153", "id": "97902", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T04:33:14.840", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-03T04:33:14.840", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97901", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "という has various usages, and という in your sentence is explained in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52003/5010). That is, 5個入り\n(\"containing 5 pieces\") is working as a explanation of ボリューム感. So a literal\ntranslation is \"voluminous feeling of having-five(-in-a-package)!\".\n\nAlthough 5個入り happens to contain a number, your sentence has almost nothing to\ndo with the `何 + number + という` explained in the question you linked. This\nconstruction must be used always with 何 (e.g., 何十という人, 何万円という金額, 何千万キロという距離).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T16:27:09.670", "id": "97907", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T16:27:09.670", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97904", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "As a meaning of\n[という](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86/#jn-154743)\nitself, rather than a pattern, the one in question and the linked question\n(何百というふくろう) are the same:\n\n> ３ 数量を表す語に付いて、…に達する、…にも及ぶ、などの意を表す。「八千メートル―高所」「何万人―観光客」\n\nIt means something like _as many as_ : _as many as five-piece set_ (and _as\nmany as hundreds of owls_ )\n\n* * *\n\nMost probably the phrase refers to\n[薄皮シリーズ](https://www.yamazakipan.co.jp/brand/usukawa/index.html), which was\nrecently reduced to 4-piece pack as seen in [this\ntweet](https://twitter.com/Ito1973/status/1609423020615143424?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1609423020615143424%7Ctwgr%5E8b2647d8b4d2641fb09bffa9190d7976a773c4b0%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fkokopyon.net%2Fblog-\nentry-64954.html).", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T13:13:35.447", "id": "97954", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T13:13:35.447", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97904", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "Does this exercise come with a previous sentence? Both sentences actually make\nsense if interpreted in isolation:\n\n 1. おとうとはきょねんからアメリカへ行っています。日本にいません。 \nMy brother has been in the U.S. since last year. (Therefore) he is not in\nJapan (now).\n\n 2. おとうとはきょねんからアメリカへ行っています。日本に来ていません。 \nMy brother has been in the U.S. since last year. (Therefore) he has never\nvisited Japan (this year / recently).\n\nSentence 1 is a response to \"Is your brother in Japan now?\" or \"Let me see\nyour brother tomorrow\", whereas Sentence 2 is a response to \"Your brother has\nvisited Japan this year, hasn't he?\".\n\nEven if there is no previous context, I would pick Sentence 1 simply because\nit seems more common, but Sentence 2 (来ていません) is not a wrong choice when the\nplaces the brother visited this year are important.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T16:55:50.843", "id": "97908", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T16:55:50.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97905", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "This こうして does not mean \"thus\". Here it is just \"like this\", \"like now\" or \"as\nit is now\", and it modifies only 目が覚める. Here こうして is present because this\nsentence has a contrast between the current status of being \"fully awake as I\nam now\" and the previous status of being \"vaguely awake (but not like I am\nnow)\".\n\n> **こうして** 目が覚める前、夢うつつにまわりを見ていたおかげだろう。 \n> It must be because I have been drowsily looking around before I became\n> (fully) awake **like now**.\n\nこうして can also work like a conjunctive meaning \"As such\", \"Thus\" or \"This way\",\nbut it doesn't go well with だろう. This type of こうして is used like so:\n\n * こうしてお姫様は幸せに暮らしました。 \nAnd the princess lived happily ever after.\n\n * こうして彼は宇宙飛行士になった。 \nSo, this is how he became an astronaut.\n\n * 神は「光あれ」と言った。こうして光が生まれた。 \nGod said, \"Let there be light,\" and there was light.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T15:03:41.203", "id": "97924", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T16:04:54.377", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-03T16:04:54.377", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97910", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "また近いうちにだろう would only make sense as a response to a question like 'When do you\nexpect [something] to happen again?'\n\nI'd imagine it's just something like 「また近いうちに（お会いしましょう）」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T21:31:44.353", "id": "97916", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T21:31:44.353", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "97911", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Quotative と uses the 終止形 and not the 連体形. This is one of the few instances\nwhere they're different in modern Japanese. Surely you've seen だと思う?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-02T21:27:58.493", "id": "97914", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-02T21:27:58.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "97912", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "って has [various\nusages](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6/#jn-147762), and\nthis って is short for no particular word. This one is a topic marker that is\nmore emphatic than は.\n\nGenerally speaking, it's okay to have more than one は in one clause when a\ncontrastive-wa is involved. According to [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/51/5010), \"There can be only one\nthematic は in a sentence. If you see a second one, the second is certainly\ncontrastive, and the first might be\".\n\n * 彼は背が高い。 \nHe is tall.\n\n * 彼は背 **は** 高い。 \nHe is tall _(at least, although he lacks something)_.\n\nHowever, your sentence does not have two は strictly, and the following\nsentences sound almost the same to me.\n\n * 彼女って両親 **が** 政治家なんだよ。 \n彼女って両親 **は** 政治家なんだよ。 \nAs for her, her parents are politicians. \n(No contrastive-wa is involved)\n\nSo grammatically speaking, I think って is not necessarily a precise replacement\nof は. Sometimes って is just an expression to give a broader topic, and it\ndoesn't necessarily stop the existence of a proper thematic は.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T03:42:28.070", "id": "97919", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T06:27:15.383", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-03T06:27:15.383", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97913", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "The って is a topic marker, but not a replacement for は. It is rather a choice\nbetween は and って, the latter of which is better due to the lack of repetition\n**when it is possible to use って** at all.\n\n 1. コーヒーって若いうちはあまり飲まないほうがいいんですか。\n 2. コーヒーは若いうちはあまり飲まないほうがいいんですか。\n\nare both ok, but 1 is more commonly used. Double は is possible, but my\nimpression is that it tends to be avoided if possible.\n\nOn the other hand\n\n 3. コーヒーって若いうちはあまり飲まないほうがいい\n\nis odd if not completely unacceptable. In this case, コーヒーは若いうちは... is\ndefinitely better. Some sort of ending would be required to make it natural.\n\n 4. コーヒーって若いうちはあまり飲まないほうがいい{らしいよ, ですよね}\n\nBoth versions of 4 would be better to me than コーヒー **は** -equivalent.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T03:09:23.533", "id": "97945", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T03:09:23.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97913", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Echoing the comment of @Jimmy Yang: まに means 間に.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T01:10:26.753", "id": "97917", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T01:10:26.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51280", "parent_id": "97915", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "ここがコーヒーは美味しいです is a perfectly correct sentence, but it's nuanced. This is a\ncorrect sentence if you wanted to say \" _ **Here**_ is the place where coffee\nis delicious\" or \"It is _**this**_ shop that offers delicious coffee\". A\nsentence like this is natural only when someone asked you about the best café\nin the town or asked you to guide them there. This type of が is called\nexhaustive-listing が, which is a particle used to say \"(this is) _the one_ \".\n\n * [Why is this sentence ungrammatical? 「お寺が公園のとなりです。」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68923/5010)\n\nHowever, for now, you have to translate \"The coffee here is delicious\", which\nis a plain sentence that does not emphasize the \"here\" part. You have to\ntranslate it plainly without emphasizing \"here\". A natural way of doing so in\nJapanese is to construct a so-called \"double-subject\" sentence. You can mark\nここ with は, making it as the topic (\"Here, ...\"), and then say コーヒーが美味しい\n(\"coffee is delicious\"). I think you have seen typical double-subject\nsentences like 私は猫が好きです (\"I like cats\"), 彼は背が高いです (\"He is tall\") or ゾウは鼻が長いです\n(\"Elephants have a long nose\"). You need to follow the same pattern here.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T04:17:33.640", "id": "97921", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T04:26:25.663", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-03T04:26:25.663", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97920", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In the case of gas, it seems that devices that can display the concentration\nof a certain type of gas tend to be called 検知器, and sensors that just detect\nthe existence of gas tend to be 感知器.\n\n[This page](https://www.bousai1.jp/html/page46.html) clearly distinguishes\n炎感知器 and 炎検知器, and the difference seems to lie in whether the device has been\ncertified by the authority (感知器) or not (検知器). But this does not seem to be a\nwidely accepted distinction.\n\nOverall, there seems to be no fundamental distinction between the two, and\nthey are used simply according to the convention of each field.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T15:56:17.457", "id": "97925", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T15:56:17.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97922", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I would say\n\n> 男として言うのが **どうかと思う** けど、彼女は大切にしろ。 男として言うのも **どうかと思う** けど、彼女は大切にしろ。 男として\n> **言うのがなんだけど** 、彼女は大切にしろ。 \n> 男として **言うのもなんだけど** 、彼女は大切にしろ。\n\nどうかと思う is a common phrase used to express the speaker's disagreement of the\nsaid subject implicating it is not necessarily the best/most correct.\n\n言うのもなんだけど is another set of common phrase that has the strong nuance of\n\"...Might not be in best position to say but..\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T19:22:49.797", "id": "97928", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T19:22:49.797", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15891", "parent_id": "97923", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In [this article](https://hermes-\nir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/14360/ryugaku0001000110.pdf) about けど usage,\nthe closest should be 注釈(note).\n\nIt can be reverse as\n\n> 彼女は大切にしろ、男として言うけど.\n\nSo the けど is indicating 男として as an additional information on from what\nperspective the speaker is making a statement rather than making a logical\nconnection between the two phrases.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T00:57:34.850", "id": "97940", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T00:57:34.850", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97923", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "As pointed out in the comment section, this 君死にたもう is almost certainly from\n君死にたもうこと勿れ, the title of [Yosano\nAkiko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosano_Akiko)'s famous poem about the\ncruelty of war ([English translation](http://marylin25.blog115.fc2.com/blog-\nentry-730.html)). So one might imagine just by looking at the title that it is\nabout some tragic and unreasonable death.\n\nたもう (給う in kanji; たまふ in classical kana orthography) in this context is a\nclassical-Japanese equivalent of なさる, not くださる. 死にたもう is お死にになる or 死になさる in\nmodern Japanese (although a dedicated honorific verb 亡くなる is the norm in\nmodern standard keigo). That is, this たもう makes the verb honorific, but does\nnot indicate the action is beneficial to the speaker or anyone.\n\nSo after removing the keigo, the title is simply 君が死ぬ流星群 in modern Japanese,\nand this is an [**adverbial-head** realtive\nclause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54677/5010) meaning \"meteor\nshower in/with which you die\". Note that the subject of 死ぬ is not 流星群 but 君,\nand the 流星群 is either the cause or the place of her death. Since English\nprefers [物主構文](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32449/5010), something\nlike \"meteor shower that kills you\" sounds more natural in English even though\nthe original title has no direct equivalent of \"kill\". That's why the title\nended up \"She Was Killed by Shooting Stars\" in English.\n\n君(を)殺したもう流星群 is grammatical, but now 流星群 is the subject of the verb (殺す), so\nthis pays respect for the shooting stars. This phrase is nonsense unless this\nnovel is about worshiping the killer shooting stars.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T01:38:22.853", "id": "97942", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T03:06:47.470", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T03:06:47.470", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97926", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "に is simply _to(wards)_ here and にも is _also to_.\n\n> 真昼に思ったような事を what (MC) felt towards Mahiru\n>\n> 周にも思ったらしい seemingly felt towards Amane\n\nis a relative clause (with an embedded clause) modifying 真昼.\n\nSo\n\n> 真昼1に3思ったような事を周に4も思ったらしい真昼2が素っ気なく返す\n\ntranslates\n\n> Mahiru2, who seemed to feel (also) for4 Amane something like what Amane felt\n> for3 Mahiru1, made a simple reply\n\nI marked subscripted numbers to indicate which 真昼 etc. is rendered.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T00:42:53.427", "id": "97938", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T16:58:26.517", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T16:58:26.517", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97927", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "[CERO](https://www.cero.gr.jp/en/publics/index/), the Japanese game rating\norganization, has the following in its regulation regarding what are banned\nexpressions (禁止表現):\n\n> #### ＜言語・思想関連表現＞\n>\n> 1. 一般に放送禁止用語・差別用語・不快用語に当たる言葉については、直接並びに間接的な表現や比喩も含み、 **中傷や蔑称に当たる用語の使用を禁止**\n> する。常識の範囲内で、使用する場面及び前後の成り行きにより必要と認められる場合はこの限りではない。\n>\n\nGames that contain such words are subject to \"no rating\" (i.e., ban of sale)\nrather than just an increase of rating, so it's a real concern at least on the\nrules.\n\nThat said, I don't know why, but I have a feeling that Japanese people (even\noutlaws and hip-hop musicians) tend not to use dirty words in their sentences.\nIn foreign games, I sometimes see characters who use [words like\nthese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_dirty_words) in rapid succession\nand a large part of their conversations is bleeped, but I cannot imagine a\nsimilar way of speaking in Japanese. Many game developers have complained that\nCERO's regulation of violence and sexual content is too strict, but I have\nnever heard of a similar issue with respect to \"simply dirty words\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T09:05:26.387", "id": "97949", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T09:05:26.387", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97930", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "In terms of acceptability, the answer to\n\n> Can 打ち明ける take particles を and と at the same time? I'm assuming so.\n\nis YES, and the 1 and 2 in question are acceptable, but 2 is better, i.e.,\nusing と and を at the same time is less natural.\n\n 1. 彼は人を殺したと打ち明けた\n 2. 彼は秘密を打ち明けた\n 3. 彼は人を殺したと、秘密を打ち明けた\n 4. 彼は人を殺したという秘密を打ち明けた\n\nAs a standalone sentence, 1 and 2 are just fine and 4 is more natural than 3.\nThe subtle difference is that the emphasis is on the content of what he\nconfessed in 3 and on the fact of confessing on 4. So, in 3 the を-noun-phrase\nlooks a bit redundant (1 should be enough).\n\n* * *\n\nIf I were to make corrections to the sentence in question, I would change it\nto 彼は猫が嫌い **だ** という **とんでもない** 秘密を打ち明けた。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T00:36:26.783", "id": "97937", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T00:36:26.783", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97931", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It is because 上達する is considered an intransitive verb that means much like\n上手になる\n\n> 日本語 **が** 上達 **する** ==> 日本語が上手になる 日本語 **を** 上達 **させる** ==> 日本語を上手にする\n\nThere are other intransitive する verb like 実現 for example.\n\n> 夢 **が** 実現 **する** ==> 夢が叶う \n> 夢 **を** 実現 **させる** ==> 夢を叶える", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T00:56:02.673", "id": "97939", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T00:56:02.673", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15891", "parent_id": "97934", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "The best English word that describes きっかけ is **opportunity**. \nFollowing that opportunity is **the beginning of something**.\n\nA common question asked during interviews :\n\n> Q : 日本に来たきっかけは何ですか？ \n> A : ネットで日本の文化についての動画を見ました。それがきっかけで日本に対する興味が湧いてきて。。。\n\nThe interviewer asked what is the **opportunity** that caused you to come to\nJapan. You answer that it's this one video you saw in the internet. Since then\nyou've **started** to develop an interest in Japan's culture and from there\nyou **started** to study Japanese, etc.\n\nTo make it easier to understand your sentence above, think of one small match.\nIt seems trivial at first, but when you light it up and throw it into a\ngasoline doused house, it has the power to completely annihilate that house\ninto ashes. The residents would have to sleep on the streets, etc. Likewise\nyou can just choose to not use the match, and the house would be fine.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T01:52:02.417", "id": "97943", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T01:52:02.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15891", "parent_id": "97936", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Assuming this is a story set in modern Japan and the cop does not have some\npeculiar personality, it's best to ignore \"ma'am\" and just say 大丈夫ですか. If you\nreally need a word to draw her attention before it, it would be あのー (\"hello\")\nor すみません (\"excuse me\").\n\nご婦人 might be used if the story is set in the Taisho period (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26079/5010)), but this is\nvirtually obsolete in modern Japanese. お嬢さん might be another option when the\nwoman is relatively young, but it's not common anymore, either.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T02:03:13.347", "id": "97944", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T02:03:13.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97941", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "･Answer 1\n\nBoth 女の子 and 男の子 have a cute nuance. But both 女子 and 男子 have a little curt\nnuance.\n\nIn Japan (although it may be similar in other countries), adolescent girls\ntend to despise boys a little. If you want boys and girls to line up in\nparallel, you should use ”男子 and 女子” or ”男の子 and 女の子”. But, in this case, She\nwants to make the difference between boys and girls for the reasons I just\nmentioned. So, using 男子 and 女の子 would be appropriate.\n\n･Answer 2\n\nYou are right. However, I guess the reason why the expression is different\nbetween manga and anime is not only depends on the meaning, but also depends\non the limitation of airtime.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T07:12:33.497", "id": "97947", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T07:12:33.497", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97946", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "The direct answer to your questions is NO.\n\nI think you are confusing the subject/object in the sentence. Comparing with\n彼は会社で・・,\n\n| ocuppying | occupied | place(adverb) \n---|---|---|--- \n店内は、・・・ | 洗濯機や乾燥機 | 店内 | - \n彼は会社で・・ | 彼 | 重要な地位 | 会社 \n \nSo the very literal translation of the quoted sentence is\n\n> The inside of the shop, just as shabby as its outside, was occupied by\n> oldish washing machines and tumble dryers.\n\nIts active counterpart (which is not totally natural probably due to the\nsubject being inanimate) is,\n\n> 外見のぼろっちさと同じように、古めかしい洗濯機や乾燥機 **が** 店内 **を** 占めていた.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T10:49:00.653", "id": "97951", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T12:21:25.803", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T12:21:25.803", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97950", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "If the verb were 占める, 洗濯機や乾燥機 would be the subject and 店内 would be the direct\nobject.\n\n> 洗濯機や乾燥機が店内（の場所）を占めていた。\n\nSo in the passive voice, the subject marker が should be used for 店内. For\n洗濯機や乾燥機, you should use either に（よって） or で. The former is like “by” and the\nlatter “with”.\n\n> 店内（の場所）が洗濯機や乾燥機に（よって）占められていた。\n\n> 店内（の場所）が洗濯機や乾燥機で占められていた。\n\nによって sounds better than に to me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T12:54:49.277", "id": "97953", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T12:54:49.277", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "97950", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This may not be an issue, but\n[寝込む](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%AF%9D%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80/#je-58305)\nhere should mean 'be sick in bed' (or 'catch a cold' in the particular case).\n\n放って is 'by leaving (you) **in that state** (rather than _to be sick in bed_\n)'. So, it is roughly 1 in question but more precisely,\n\n * I will wake up in a bad state if I leave you and you end up being sick in bed.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T13:35:48.450", "id": "97955", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T13:35:48.450", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97952", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The の is normal _of_.\n\nYou can use に as well.\n\n 1. その瞬間 **の** 自分の手にXがにぎられている\n 2. その瞬間 **に** 自分の手にXがにぎられている\n\nare both fine, literally corresponding to\n\n 1. X is held by my hand **of** that moment.\n 2. X is held by my hand **in** that moment.\n\n'My hand' in a particular moment can be called 'my hand of that moment' (in\nJapanese, at least).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T14:31:05.053", "id": "97957", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T14:31:05.053", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97956", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I showed the difference in nuances bellow.\n\nその瞬間に自分の手にXが握られている: X would being held by my hand that time.\n\nその瞬間の自分の手にXが握られている: X is held by my that-timed hand.\n\nFrom the former, I feel a little strange sensation. Because of the repetition\nof ”に” (その瞬間 **に** 自分の手 **に** ). So the latter is more appropriate and cool\nexpression!!.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T15:14:18.677", "id": "97958", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T15:37:44.403", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T15:37:44.403", "last_editor_user_id": "55322", "owner_user_id": "55322", "parent_id": "97956", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Your interpretation is correct.\n\nA monolingual dictionary has the following entry for\n[ては](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF/#jn-152199).\n\n> ４\n> その条件のもとでは必ず、または常に同じ結果になる場合の、その条件を示す。「慢心してい―勝てない」「せい―事を仕損じる」「遊んではよい成果が得られない」", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-04T21:19:05.903", "id": "97960", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T21:19:05.903", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "97959", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "This ～では is like \"if it's ～\"; this で is not a case particle marking\nlocation/condition, but the te-form of the copula だ. This type of では is\ninterchangeable with だと.\n\n * 彼女では無理だ。 \n= 彼女だと無理だ。 \nIf it's her (who tries it), it's impossible.\n\n * この本では簡単すぎる。 \n= この本だと簡単すぎる。 \nIf it's this book (that I have to use), it's too elementary (and I cannot get\nenough information).\n\nYou can use the same では after a particle (remember particles work [somewhat\nlike a no-adjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33605/5010) in\nJapanese):\n\n * ここからでは見えない。 \n= ここからだと見えない。 \n(If it's seen) from here, it's invisible.\n\n * 彼とでは失敗しそうだ。 \n= 彼とだと失敗しそうだ。 \n(If it's done) with him, I'll probably fail.\n\n * 1人ででは難しい。 \n= 1人でだと難しい。 \n(If it's done) alone, it's difficult. \n(でで is not a typo)\n\n * 人を守りながらでは刀も思い切り振れない。 \n= 人を守りながらだと刀も思い切り振れない。 \nI can't even swing a sword casually (if it's done) while protecting someone.\n\nAs you can see, this type of では is usually used with an expression claiming\nsomething is inappropriate or impossible. なら or だったら is used if the following\npart is affirmative (e.g., あなたと2人でなら問題ない \"It's okay if I do it together with\nyou\", 教科書を見ながらだったらできます \"I can do it if I do it while seeing a textbook\").", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-06T02:15:57.780", "id": "97982", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-07T03:43:30.050", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-07T03:43:30.050", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97959", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "So you already understand 考えてみるがいい is a way to say \"Try thinking!\" This\n`attributive-form + がいい` is a pompous, arrogant and old-fashioned way of\nmaking an imperative, and you would hear this said by an emperor, a prophet, a\ndragon and such (in fiction).\n\n * [<動詞の辞書形> + がよい ― How is this allowed?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6714/5010)\n * [Plain Verb followed by がよい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64661/5010)\n\nNext, what's the difference between these two?\n\n * 考えてみるがいい (or 考えてみろ / 考えてみなさい / etc)\n * 考えて **も** みるがいい (or 考えて **も** みろ / 考えて **も** みなさい / etc)\n\nThe role of this も is hard to explain, but I can at least say this has nothing\nto do with ても meaning \"even though\" as in 走っても間に合わない. Instead, this も is here\nto add a certain type of exclamatory feeling... something along the lines of\n\"I'm serious\", \"come on\", \"at least in this case\" or \"already (as in 'stop it\nalready')\". I believe this is a type of exclamatory-も:\n\n * [Odd use of も has me stumped 「ソウルにいるのも今夜きりです」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32886/5010)\n * [What is an emphatic particle?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58843/5010)\n * [Usage of も in そんなこともないけど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/51841/5010)\n\nPractically speaking, I think you can regard `te-form + も + みろ/みなさい/etc` as a\nset phrase.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-05T07:31:04.443", "id": "97972", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-05T07:31:04.443", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97961", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "* **解けてしまわぬ** : It's pronounced ほどけてしまわぬ (although his pronunciation of わ here is not very clear). 解ける can be read in two ways, and here it's not [とける](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) but [ほどける](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-1). (Besides, をとけてしまる is simply ungrammatical.)\n * **心と心の奥** : This indeed sounds closer to ぼく to me, but I think it's merely a mispronunciation. (Meaning-wise, 心の僕 makes little sense, while 心の奥 makes perfect sense.)\n * **傍** : He is clearly saying ことわり, and it should mean \"reason/nature\" (usually written as 理 in kanji). ことわり is not a common reading of the kanji 傍, but [creative reading](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/tags/creative-furigana/info) is very common in lyrics. (One of the common readings of 傍 is かたわら, but this makes no sense in this context.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-05T03:38:59.910", "id": "97966", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-05T03:44:49.240", "last_edit_date": "2023-01-05T03:44:49.240", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97962", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "1. 私は like this is completely optional in Japanese. If it's present only with the third predicate in the sentence, it's simply because the author felt it was the \"main\" part of the sentence that deserved an explicit subject. The part before it is relatively unimportant. So this sentence kind of feels like:\n\n> After taking the seat at the end following their instruction, I put the\n> dangos on my plate.\n\n 2. All the three predicates (言われる, 座る and 乗せる) in this sentence share the same subject, 私. There is no change in subject.\n\n 3. This 座り is a simple example of [中止法](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/5010).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-05T08:05:13.697", "id": "97973", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-05T08:05:13.697", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "97963", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]