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17335975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Argentina | Climate of Argentina | The climate of Argentina varies from region to region, as the vast size of the country and wide variation in altitude make for a wide range of climate types. Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of Argentina except in most of Patagonia where it is the driest season. Warm in the north, cool in the center and cold in the southern parts experiencing frequent frost and snow. Because southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Spring and autumn are transition seasons that generally feature mild weather.
Many regions have different, often contrasting, microclimates. In general, northern parts of the country are characterized by hot, humid, rainy summers and mild winters with periodic droughts. Mesopotamia, in the northeast is characterized by high temperatures and abundant precipitation throughout the year with droughts being uncommon. West of this lies the Chaco region, which is the warmest region in Argentina. Precipitation in the Chaco region decreases westwards, resulting in the vegetation changing from forests in the east to shrubs in the west. Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry and hot although the rugged topography makes it climatically diverse, ranging from the cold, dry Puna to thick jungles. The center of the country, which includes the Pampas to the east and the drier Cuyo region to the west has hot summers with frequent tornadoes and thunderstorms, and cool, dry winters. Patagonia, in the southern parts of the country has a dry climate with warm summers and cold winters characterized by strong winds throughout the year and one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. High elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions, and the mountainous zones can see heavy snowfall.
The geographic and geomorphic characteristics of Argentina tend to create extreme weather conditions, often leading to natural disasters that negatively impact the country both economically and socially. The Pampas, where many of the large cities are located, has a flat topography and poor water drainage, making it vulnerable to flooding. Severe storms can lead to tornadoes, damaging hail, storm surges, and high winds, causing extensive damage to houses and infrastructure, displacing thousands of people and causing significant loss of life. Extreme temperature events such as heat waves and cold waves impact rural and urban areas by negatively impacting agriculture, one of the main economic activities of the country, and by increasing energy demand, which can lead to energy shortages.
Argentina is vulnerable and will likely be significantly impacted by climate change. Temperatures have increased in the last century while the observed changes in precipitation are variable, with some areas receiving more and other areas less. These changes have impacted river flow, increased the frequency of extreme weather events, and led to the retreat of glaciers. Based on the projections for both precipitation and temperatures, these climatic events are likely to increase in severity and create new problems associated with climate change in the country.
Seasons
In Argentina, the climate is divided into four, well defined seasons, those being winter, spring, summer and autumn.
Winter
In winter (June–August), the northern parts of Argentina are generally warm, the central parts mild, and the southern parts cold with frequent frost and snow. The climate of the southern parts of the country is moderated by the surrounding oceans, resulting in cold weather that is less intense and prolonged than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The northern parts of the country have the warmest temperatures, with an average of ; the central parts are cooler, with an average of . In the extreme south, mean temperatures are below . At higher altitudes in the Andes, average winter temperatures are below . June and July temperatures are normally similar to each other; however, in August temperatures see a rise of about .
Precipitation varies a lot during the winter months. The highest are in the extreme northern part of the Littoral region and northwestern parts of Patagonia, where mean winter precipitation exceeds . Most of the humid Pampas, averages between while in the north, in areas bordering the Andes, it averages less than .
Spring
Spring (September–November) is similar to autumn, with mild days and cool nights. During mid-October a large variety of wild and urban flora are in bloom. Temperatures range from in the north to in the center, and in most of Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego Province and the higher altitudes of the Andes have the coolest springs, with mean temperatures below . Temperatures grow warmer as spring progresses.
During spring, precipitation in the country varies, with the greatest amounts being in northern Buenos Aires Province and the Littoral region, where the average precipitation exceeds . Arid regions (Arid Diagonal) have the lowest spring precipitation, with an average precipitation of less than .
Summer
In summer (December–February), temperatures range from an average of in the north to a mean of in the center of the country except for the southeastern parts of Buenos Aires Province, where temperatures are cooler in summer due to the maritime influence. In the extreme south of the country, the temperature averages ; at very high altitudes, the average is below .
During summer, mean precipitation varies throughout the country: the eastern parts of Salta Province, Jujuy Province, northern Tucumán Province and all of Misiones Province are the wettest, receiving more than of precipitation during the season. Most of the Littoral region and Buenos Aires Province, average between . On the other hand, the Patagonia region is dry, with precipitation averaging less than – and occasionally below – much lower than other regions; Patagonia receives a monthly precipitation of . In the central and northern parts of the country, January is usually the wettest month, with an average monthly precipitation of in most places, even exceeding in some places.
Autumn
Autumn (March–May) is generally mild. Some southern natives forests and vineyards display red and orange autumn foliage, especially in mid-April. Frost arrives notably earlier in the south and later in the north. Mean temperatures can exceed in the northern parts of the country, while they can touch in most of the central parts of the country, and less than at the higher altitudes. As autumn progresses, mean temperatures fall in all regions, with March warmer than May. In the north, mean temperatures range from in March to in May. In the central parts of the country, mean temperatures in March are between , dropping to in May. The mean temperature in Tierra del Fuego Province in the extreme south is , and occasionally lower.
Precipitation is highest in northeast Argentina and lowest in the Patagonia and Cuyo regions. In northeast Argentina, mean precipitation can exceed while in most of Buenos Aires Province and northwest Argentina, mean autumn precipitation ranges between . In most of the western parts of northwest Argentina, Patagonia (except for western Patagonia where precipitation is higher, averaging ) and Cuyo regions, precipitation can average less than . In the northwest, precipitation decreases as autumn progresses, ushering in the dry season. For example, in Tucuman Province, March averages more than of precipitation while May averages less than . In contrast, precipitation increases in Patagonia, particularly in the western parts where May precipitation can exceed .
Factors that influence the climate
Different meteorological factors affect the Argentine climate. Some of these factors are local while others come from other countries.
Geographic factors
The most important geographical factors that influence the climate of Argentina are latitude, elevation, and distance from the sea. With Argentina extending from 22oS to 55oS, there are differences in the amount of incoming solar radiation and the amount of daylight received in each season, which affects temperature. Thus, temperatures decrease from north to south due to the differences in latitudes.
Although the centre and the eastern parts of the country are mostly flat, the west is mountainous. Both the Andes and Sierras Pampeanas affect the climate of Argentina, leading to differences in temperature, pressure, and spatial distribution of precipitation depending on the topography and altitude. Here, the Andes exert an important influence on the climate. Owing to the higher altitudes of the Andes north of 40oS, they completely block the normal westerly flow, preventing low pressure systems containing moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in. Thus, much of Argentina north of 40oS is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. South of 40oS, the Andes are lower in altitude, allowing much of Patagonia to be dominated by westerly winds and air masses from the Pacific Ocean. However, the north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. This is because they force these air masses upwards, cooling adiabactically. Most of the moisture is dropped on the Chilean side, causing abundant precipitation and cloudiness while on the Argentine side, the air warms adiabatically, causing it to become drier as it descends. Thus, an extensive rain–shadow is present in much of Patagonia, causing it to receive very little precipitation. The Sierras Pampeanas influences the climate on a much smaller scale than the Andes.
Distance from the sea is another important geographic factor. Owing to the shape of the country, the close proximity to the ocean means that most of the country, excluding the north is moderated by the surrounding oceans, leading to lower thermal amplitudes than comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The two main currents that impact the climate of Argentina are the Brazil Current from the north and the Malvinas Current from the south (a branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current). The Brazil Current transports warm subtropical waters southwards while the Malvinas Current transports cold, subantarctic waters northwards. The Malvinas Current cools the coastal areas, particularly during winter when the current is stronger. Thus, coastal areas of the Pampas have cooler summers and a longer frost period owing to the cold Malvinas Current. As well, it is the main factor in making Tierra del Fuego colder than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere in Europe since it is influenced by the cold Malvinas Current rather than the warm North Atlantic Current.
Atmospheric Circulation
The South Atlantic High and the South Pacific High both influence the pattern of winds and precipitations in Argentina. Owing to the greater height of the Andes at latitudes north of 40oS, much of Argentina is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. The South Atlantic High transports moisture from the Atlantic Ocean to Argentina. This occurs throughout the year due to the atmospheric pressure being lower on land than in the ocean. Much of the north and central parts of the country are affected by the South Atlantic High, with a strong influence in the eastern parts than in the west. This is due to the eastern parts being more frequently affected by the South Atlantic High, causing precipitation to decrease westwards.
Throughout the year, the South Pacific High influences the climate by bringing cold, moist air masses originating from Patagonia. During the most intense cold waves, they form when a transient high pressure system located in the South Pacific Ocean moves eastwards to the southern tip of South America. As it begins to move, this high pressure system strengthens the South Pacific High and is forced to move southwards to south of 40oS where the Andes are shorter in height. As well, an upper-level ridge forms over the South Pacific Ocean along with an upper-level trough extending from subtropical latitudes to the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, a low pressure system forms over the South Atlantic Ocean which eventually strengthens. The formation a cold front associated with it moves to the northeast owing to the topographic barrier that the Andes forms. The passage of the cold front to the northeast leads to the movement of the high pressure system from the South Pacific Ocean into the southern tip of South America. All of these conditions lead to strong anticyclogenesis to the east of the Andes and thus, the high pressure system intensifies as it enters southern Argentina. When both the high pressure system (over southern Argentina) and low pressure system strengthen, it creates a very strong pressure gradient that draws cold air from the south, strengthening southerly winds. Owing to the topographic barrier of the Andes, it forces and channels the cold air to accumulate on the eastern side of the Andes. This generates an ageostropic component from the south (due to a reduction in the Coriolis force caused by accumulation of cold air on the eastern side of the Andes) that draw this cold air northwards, which is driven by this pressure gradient. Cold air can move northwards until 18oS when the blocking effect of the Andes is smaller due to a change in its orientation. Overall, these conditions results in the coldest temperatures due to the cold masses from high latitudes being pulled northwards. A weaker cold wave occurs when the South Pacific High remains over the ocean and does not have a migratory high pressure system originating from the South Pacific High that moves east of the Andes (it builds over the Andes). Although this occurs throughout the year, during winters, it leads to cold temperatures while during summer, it leads to strong and deep convections. These convections are responsible for about 50% of summer precipitation south of 25oS.
The Chaco Low is a semi–permanent low pressure system situated east of the Andes that is approximately located between 20oS and 30oS during summer (displaced to the north in winter). It is stronger in the summer than in winter due to a combination of high insolation, dry surface conditions, and southward displacement of the South Atlantic and South Pacific High (this makes it difficult for cold fronts to enter at lower latitudes). The Chaco Low interacts with the South Atlantic High, generating a pressure gradient that draws moist air from the northeast to coastal and central regions of Argentina. It also forces easterly winds from the Amazon basin to move southward, which is reinforced by the funneling effect from both the Andes and the Brazilian Plateau. The Chaco Low brings large amounts of moisture that favour the development of convective thunderstorms during summer, reaching as far south as 35oS. This movement of air from the north owing to the interaction between the Chaco Low and the South Atlantic high is the strongest in summer when the Chaco Low is at its strongest. These winds bring hot, humid tropical air from the north. Sustained and intense winds from the north are responsible for severe weather events such as heat waves and severe convection. During winter, the Chaco Low weakens as a result of lower insolation. This is partly responsible for the decrease in winter precipitation over much of Argentina (in addition to northward displacement of westerlies) due to a weaker transport of air masses from the tropics. This excludes areas south of 40oS where it is dominated by westerlies.
El Niño and La Niña
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns (also known as teleconnections). Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, the impacts of the changes in atmospheric circulation patterns caused by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation are more clearly observed in the more humid eastern parts of the country (between Uruguay and southern Brazil). During El Niño events, precipitation is more higher than normal while during La Niña events, precipitation is lower than normal in the Pampas. In general, El Niño tends to increase precipitation during late spring and summer, particularly in the north. The impacts of La Niña in the eastern parts of the country (northeast and the Pampas) are observed in winter where precipitation is lower. In Northwest Argentina, El Niño events are associated with a strong reduction in rainfall during summer. In contrast, La Niña events increase precipitation in northwest Argentina. In the central–western parts of Patagonia, spring precipitation tends to be lower during La Niña events and higher during El Niño events. Summer precipitation exhibits an opposite pattern where La Niña years involve wetter summers while El Niño years featuring drier summers. On the Andes in central western Argentina, precipitation is higher during El Niño year.
In general, La Niña events are associated with lower temperatures (particularly colder winters) in the Pampas. During winter, frosts are more common during La Niña events compared to El Niño events. This is due to a stronger southerly flow during La Niña events caused by a higher concentration of high pressure systems in the South Pacific and an increase in cyclonic activity (more low pressure systems) in the South Atlantic. This creates conditions that are favourable for bringing cold air from the south, particularly when there is a formation of a high pressure system over Patagonia (associated with the passage of a front) that is responsible for bringing cold air from the south. Thus, invasions of cold air from the south are more common during La Niña events. In contrast, warm spells in the Pampas and northern parts of the country are more intense and frequent during El Niño events. This is due to stronger westerly winds south of 40oS, leading to less frequent incursions of cold air from the south while enhancing winds from the north that bring in warm air. Although La Niña events lead to colder winters with more frequent incursions of cold air in both the north and central parts of the country, it leads to more frequent and intense warm spells in the last months of the year. In other regions, El Niño events lead to more frequent and intense warm spells in Northwest Argentina (during autumn), northeast Argentina (during spring) and central Argentina (during summer). Cold air anomalies arising from El Niño events are observed during spring and are the result of an increase in rainfall that lead to reductions in insolation. For the southern parts of the country, El Niño events are associated with more intense and frequent cold spells during the coldest months. In summer, El Niño events are associated with warmer summer temperatures in the southern parts of the country.
Antarctic Oscillation
The Antarctic Oscillation, also known as the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode is the main factor in tropospheric circulation variability south of 20oS and is characterized by pressure anomalies with one situated in the Antarctic and one situated in a band at around 40–50oS around the globe. It mainly affects middle and high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. It is characterized by the north–south displacement of the westerly wind belt that circle around Antarctica. Such variation in the position of the westerly wind belt affects the intensity and position of cold fronts and mid latitude storm systems and is partly responsible for variation in precipitation in the southern parts of Argentina. The Antarctic Oscillation is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. A positive phase is when the westerly wind belt is displaced to the south. The positive phase occurs when there is increased surface pressure over the southern parts of the South American continent and decreased pressure in Antarctica. This results in stronger westerly winds in the southern parts of the country while preventing cold fronts from penetrating inland, producing more stable conditions. Furthermore, the positive phase leads to warmer conditions south of 40oS, particularly during the summer in areas between 40 and 60oS. Precipitation is lower due to less frontal and orographic precipitation resulting from reduced westerly wind flow between 40 and 60OS. Opposite conditions occur in the negative phase when the westerly wind belt is shifted equatorward. Cold fronts moving northwards from the south penetrate more frequently, leading to more precipitation and cooler temperatures during the negative phase. The major effect of negative phase of the Antarctic Oscillation occurs in spring when it increases precipitation over southeastern South America.
Indian Ocean Dipole
The Indian Ocean Dipole is an atmospheric–oceanic phenomenon characterized by differences in sea surface temperatures between the eastern and western sections of the tropical Indian Ocean. Similar to the Antarctic Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. In the positive phase, the eastern section of the tropical Indian Ocean is cooler (lower sea surface temperature) and the western section is warmer than normal (higher sea surface temperature). On the other hand, the negative phase is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures on the eastern section and cooler sea surface temperatures on the western section of the tropical Indian Ocean. Studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole is partly responsible for variations in precipitation in Argentina and South America in general. During a positive phase, precipitation is higher in the Río de la Plata Basin due to teleconnections.
Regional climate
In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold, all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features. The arid and cold climates predominate in the west and south while the warm and moderate climates predominate in the center and north. The Arid Diagonal traverses the country from the northwest to the southeast. The vast size, and wide range of altitudes, contribute to Argentina's diverse climate. Argentina possesses a wide variety of climatic regions ranging from subtropical in the north to subantarctic in the far south. Lying between those is the Pampas region, which features a mild and humid climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Argentina has 11 different climate types: Humid Subtropical (Cfa, Cwa), moderate oceanic (Cfb), warm semi-arid (BSh), subtropical highland oceanic (Cwb), warm desert (BWh), cold semi–arid (BSk), cold desert (BWk), moderate Mediterranean (Csb), cold oceanic (Cfc), and tundra (ET). Consequently, there is a wide variety of biomes in the country, including subtropical rain forests, semi-arid and arid regions, temperate plains in the Pampas, and cold subantarctic in the south. However, despite the diversity of biomes, about two-thirds of Argentina is arid or semi-arid. Argentina is best divided into six distinct regions reflecting the climatic conditions of the country as a whole. From north to south, these regions are Northwest, Chaco, Northeast, Cuyo/Monte, Pampas, and Patagonia. Each climatic region has distinctive types of vegetation.
Temperatures are the highest in the northern parts, averaging around during summer. Precipitation ranges from in driest and western parts of the Chaco to around in the extreme east. The center and east of Argentina have a temperate climate with annual precipitation between and mean annual temperatures between . The climate in the center of the country becomes more arid towards the west. In the south (Patagonia), most precipitation falls in the Bosque Andino Patagónico located in the Andes while the in the east on the Patagonian Steppe, the climate is arid with mean annual precipitation around . Temperatures in Patagonia exceed during winter months and owing to the maritime influences of the surrounding Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the thermal amplitude is smaller than at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
Mesopotamia
The region of Mesopotamia includes the provinces of Misiones, Entre Ríos and Corrientes. It has a subtropical climate with no dry season. Under the Köppen climate classification, it has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The main features of the climate are high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year; this abundant rainfall makes water scarcity and extended periods of drought uncommon; most of the region has a positive water balance.
Average annual precipitation ranges from less than in the southern parts of the Province to approximately in the eastern parts. Precipitation is slightly higher in the summer than in the winter and generally decreases from east to west and from north to south. Summer precipitation levels range from a low of to a high of . In this season, most rain falls during convective thunderstorms. Autumn is one of the rainiest seasons, with many places receiving over . As in summer, precipitation falls mainly during convective thunderstorms. Winter is the driest season, with precipitation ranging from less than in the west to over in the east. Most of the precipitation during winter comes from frontal systems, particularly the sudestada (Spanish for strong southeasterly winds), bringing long periods of rain, cloudiness, cooler temperatures, and strong winds. Spring is similar to autumn, with a mean precipitation of .
Summers are very hot while winters are mild to warm. The northern parts of the region are warmer than the southern parts. During heat waves, temperatures can exceed in the summer months, while in the winter months, cold air masses from the south can push temperatures below freezing, resulting in frost. However, such cold fronts are brief and are less intense than areas further south or at higher altitudes. Snowfall is extremely rare and mainly confined to the uplands of Misiones Province, where the last significant snowfall occurred in 1975 in Bernardo de Irigoyen.
Chaco
The Chaco region in the center-north completely includes the provinces of Chaco, and Formosa. Eastern parts of Jujuy Province, Salta Province, and Tucumán Province, and northern parts of Córdoba Province and Santa Fe Province are part of the region. As well, most of Santiago del Estero Province lies within the region. This region, located in the center-north has a subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. Under the Köppen climate classification, the west has a semi-arid climate (Bs) while the east has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Chaco is one of the few natural regions in the world located between tropical and temperate latitudes that is not a desert. Precipitation and temperature are relatively homogeneous throughout the region.
Mean annual precipitation ranges from in the eastern parts of Formosa Province to a low of in the west and southwest. Summer witnesses the maximum precipitation. Summer rains are intense, and torrential rain is common, occasionally causing floods and soil erosion. During the winter months, precipitation is sparse. Eastern areas receive more precipitation than western areas since they are more influenced by moist air from the Atlantic Ocean, which penetrates the eastern areas more than the west, bringing in more precipitation. As a result, the vegetation differs: eastern areas are covered by forests, savannas, marshes and subtropical wet forest, and western areas are dominated by medium and low forests of mesophytic and xerophytic trees and a dense understory of shrubs and grasses. In all parts of the region, precipitation is highly variable from year to year.
The Chaco region is the hottest in Argentina, with a mean annual temperature of . With mean summer temperatures occasionally reaching , the region has the hottest summers in the country. Winters are mild and brief, with mean temperatures in July ranging from in the northern parts to in the southernmost parts. Temperatures can reach as high has in summer, and during cold waves can fall to .
Northwest
Northwest Argentina consists of the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, and western parts of Salta Province, and Tucumán Province. Although Santiago del Estero Province is part of northwest Argentina, much of the province lies in the Chaco region. Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry, hot, and subtropical. Owing to its rugged and varied topography, the region is climatically diverse, depending on the altitude, temperature and distribution of precipitation. Consequently, the vegetation will also differ. Under the Köppen climate classification, the region has five different climate types: semi–arid (BS), arid (BW), temperate without a dry season and temperate with a dry season (Cf and CW respectively), and, at the highest altitudes, an alpine.
Precipitation is highly seasonal and mostly concentrated in the summer months. It is distributed irregularly due to the country's topography although it generally decreases from east to west. The eastern slopes of the mountains receives between of precipitation a year, though some places receive up to annually owing to orographic precipitation. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges. The temperate valleys, the location of major cities such as Salta and Jujuy, have an average precipitation ranging between , with rainfall mainly concentrated in the summer months, often falling in short but heavy bursts. Valleys in the southern parts of the region are drier than those in the north due to the greater height of the Andes and the Sierras Pampeanas on the eastern slopes than the northern mountains, presenting a significant orographic barrier that blocks moist winds from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These valleys receive less than of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. The area further west in the Puna region, with an average altitude of , is mostly a desert due to the blocking of the easterly winds by the Andes and the northwest extension of the Sierras Pampeanas. Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than a year while high isolation, strong winds, and low humidity exacerbate the dry conditions.
Temperatures in northwest Argentina vary by altitude. The temperate valleys have a temperate climate, with mild summers and dry and cool winters with regular frosts.In the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley, mean annual temperatures range from , depending on altitude. In the Calchaquí Valleys in Salta Province, the climate is temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost-free period. In the valleys in the south in La Rioja Province, Catamarca Province and the southwest parts of Santiago del Estero Province, which is part of the arid Chaco ecoregion, temperatures during the summer are very high, averaging in January while winters are mild, averaging . Cold fronts from the south bringing cold Antarctic air can cause severe frosts in the valleys of La Rioja Province and Catamarca Province. In contrast, the Zonda wind, which occurs more often during the winter months, can raise temperatures up to with strong gusts, sometimes causing crop damage. Temperatures in the Puna region are much colder, with a mean annual temperature of less than owing to the high altitude. The Puna region is characterized by being cold with a large diurnal range but sunny throughout the year.
Cuyo
The Cuyo region includes the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis. Western parts of La Pampa Province (as shown in map) also belong in this region, having similar climatic and soil characteristics to it. It has an arid or a semi-arid climate. The region's wide range in latitude, combined with altitudes ranging from to nearly , means that it has a variety of different climate types. In general, most of the region has a temperate climate, with valleys at higher altitudes having a milder climate. At the highest altitudes (over ), icy conditions persist year round.
Average annual precipitation ranges from , though it is generally unpredictable. More than 85% of annual rainfall occurs from October to March, which constitutes the warm season. In contrast, the winter months are dry. Eastern and southeastern areas of the region receive more precipitation than the western areas since they receive more summer rainfall. Precipitation is highly variable from year to year and appears to follow a cycle between dry and wet years in periods of about 2, 4–5, 6–8, and 16–22 years. In wet years, easterly winds caused by the subtropical South Atlantic High are stronger, causing moisture to flow towards this region; during dry years, these winds are weaker.
Summers in the region are hot and generally sunny; winters are dry and cold. Since this region has a wide range of altitudes, ranging from to nearly , temperatures can vary widely. The Sierras Pampeanas, which cross into both San Juan Province and San Luis Province, have a milder climate with mean annual temperatures ranging from . Throughout the region, the diurnal range is great, with very high temperatures during the day followed by cold nights. In all locations, at altitudes over , permafrost is present; icy conditions persist year round at altitudes over .
The Zonda, a Foehn wind characterized by warm, dry air, can cause temperatures to exceed and occasionally , as occurred in 2003. However, cold waves are also common, caused by the channeling by the Andes of cold air from the south, making for frequent cold fronts during the winter months and bringing temperatures that can fall below freezing, and occasionally below at higher altitudes.
Pampas
The Pampas includes all of Buenos Aires Province, eastern and southern Córdoba Province, eastern La Pampa Province, and southern Santa Fe Province. It is subdivided into two parts: the humid Pampas to the east, and the dry/semi–arid Pampas to the west.
The Pampas has land that is appropriate for agriculture and raising livestock. It is a mostly flat area, interrupted only by the Tandil and Ventana sierras in its southern portion. The climate of the Pampas is characterized as temperate and humid with no dry season, featuring hot summers and mild winters (Cfa/Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification). The weather in the Pampas is variable due to the contrasting air masses and frontal storms that impact the region. Annual temperatures range from in the north to in the south. Precipitation increases toward the east and ranges from under in the south and west to in the northeast. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year in the easternmost parts of the Pampas; in the western parts, most of the precipitation is concentrated during the summer months, and winters are drier. The Pampas are influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which is responsible for variation in annual precipitation. An El Niño year leads to higher precipitation while a La Niña year leads to lower precipitation.
Summers in the Pampas are hot and humid with coastal areas being modified by the cold Malvinas Current. Afternoon thunderstorms, which can bring intense amounts of precipitation, are common, as are heat waves that can bring temperatures in the range for a few days. These thunderstorms are known to have the most frequent lightning and highest convective cloud tops in the world. The severe thunderstorms produce intense hailstorms, floods, including flash floods, as well as the most consistently active tornado region outside the central and southeastern US. These are usually followed a day or two of strong Pampero winds from the south, which bring cool, dry air. Precipitation in the summer is high, with monthly amounts averaging between and in most places.
Autumn arrives in March and brings periods of very rainy weather followed by dry, mild stretches and cool nights. Some places in the east receive rainfall throughout autumn whereas in the west, after the rains, the weather quickly becomes very dry. Generally, frost arrives in early April in the southernmost areas, in late May in the north, and ends by mid-September, although the dates of the first and last frosts can vary from year to year. Frost is rarely intense or prolonged and may not occur each year.
Winters are mild with frequent frosts and cold spells. Temperatures are usually mild during the day and cold during the night. Most precipitation results from frontal systems associated with cyclogenesis and sudestada, which bring long periods of precipitation, cloudiness and cooler temperatures, particularly in the southern and eastern parts. Dull, gray and damp weather characterize winters in the Pampas. Occasionally, tropical air masses from the north may move southward, providing relief from the cool, damp temperatures. Snowfall is extremely rare. When it does snow, it usually lasts for only a day or two.
Patagonia
Chubut, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego are the provinces that make up Patagonia. The Patagonian climate is classified as arid to semi-arid and temperate to cool temperate. One defining characteristic are the strong winds from the west which blow year round (stronger in summer than in winter), which favors evaporation and is a factor in making the region mostly arid. There are three major factors that influence the climate of the region: the Andes, the South Pacific High and South Atlantic High, and an isolation that is more pronounced in eastern than western areas.
The north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses coming from the Pacific Ocean, forming an extensive rain shadow and causing most of the region to be arid. South of 52°S, the Andes are lower in elevation, reducing the rain shadow effect in Tierra del Fuego Province and allowing forests to thrive on the Atlantic coast. Patagonia is located between the subtropical high pressure belt and the subpolar low pressure zone, meaning it is exposed to westerly winds that are strong, since south of 40°S there is little land to block these winds. Because Patagonia is located between the semi-permanent anticyclones of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean at around 30°S, and the Subpolar Low at around 60°S, the movement of the high and low pressure systems along with ocean currents determine the precipitation pattern.
The influence of the Pacific Ocean, general circulation patterns, and the topographic barrier caused by the Andes results in one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. Precipitation steeply decreases from west to east, ranging from in the west on the Andean foothills at 41°S to in the central plateaus. The high precipitation in the Andes in this region allows forests to thrive as well as glaciers and permanent snowfields. Most of the region receives less than of precipitation per year. The aridity of the region is due to the combination of low precipitation, strong winds, and high temperatures in the summer months, all of which cause high evaporation rates. In most of Patagonia, precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, except for the northeastern and southern parts, where precipitation is more evenly distributed. Thunderstorms are infrequent, occurring only during summer. Snowfall occurs mainly in the west and south, which can result in strong snowstorms.
Patagonia's temperatures are relatively cold for its latitude due to the cold Malvinas Current (also called the Falkland(s) Current) and the high altitude. A characteristic of the temperature pattern is the NW–SE distribution of isotherms due to the presence of the Andes. The warmest parts of the region are in northern parts of Rio Negro Province and Neuquén Province, where mean annual temperatures range from , while the coldest are in western Santa Cruz Province and Tierra del Fuego Province, where mean temperatures range from . At higher altitudes in the Andes stretching from Neuquén Province to Tierra del Fuego Province, mean annual temperatures are below . Strong westerly winds can decrease the perception of temperature (wind chill), particularly in summer. The annual range of temperatures in Patagonia is lower than at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere owing to the narrowness of the region at higher latitudes and the stronger maritime influence.
Statistics
The average annual precipitation ranges from less than in the Atacama Desert near the border with Chile to over in the northeast and along the eastern slopes of the Andes in the northern parts of the country. The Andean foothils of Patagonia in the western parts of the region can receive up to per year. Mean annual temperatures range from in the far south to in the north. Shown below are the mean monthly temperature and precipitation for selected places in Argentina along with the overall averages for the country (based on a 0.5o latitude/longitude grid). Year-round averages and totals are displayed along with conversions to imperial units.
Temperature
Precipitation
Overall averages
Extremes
High
In general, the highest temperatures in Argentina are recorded in the northern Chaco region where temperatures of have been recorded. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the highest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was in Rivadavia, Salta Province on 11 December 1905. Since 1961 when nationwide temperature monitoring began, the warmest year on record is 2017 when mean temperatures nationally were above the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
Low
Patagonia and the Puna region register the lowest temperatures in Argentina where temperatures lower than have been recorded. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was in Sarmiento, Chubut Province on 1 June 1907. This was recorded under standard conditions. On a national scale, the coldest year on record is 1975 when mean temperatures nationally were below the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
Precipitation
With an average annual precipitation of , Lago Frías in Río Negro Province is considered to be the wettest place in Argentina. Although an average annual precipitation of has been recorded in Lago Tromen in Neuquén Province, the validity of the data is dubious owing to fewer years of data. Lago Frías also has the record for wettest monthly precipitation in Argentina: of precipitation was recorded in May 1951. In contrast, the driest place is La Casualidad, Salta Province, which has received as low as only a of precipitation in a year. The highest recorded one-day rainfall total occurred on 2 April 2013, when of rain fell in La Plata at the La Plata Astronomical Observatory, causing massive flooding and power outages.
On a national scale, the wettest year on record is 1985 when annual precipitation in the country was 29.6% higher than the mean annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010). The driest year on record in the country is 1988 when annual precipitation was 29.9% lower than the mean annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010).
Other severe weather
The longest duration for a single lightning flash globally was recorded in Argentina on 18 June 2020 along the Argentina–Uruguay border, when it lasted for 17.1 seconds.
Natural disasters
Floods
Argentina's geomorphic characteristics make the country highly vulnerable to floods. These floods can damage infrastructure, cause loss of life, increase the risk of diseases, and negatively impact agricultural productivity, which is one of the main economic activities of the country. Many of the large Argentinean cities and agriculturally productive areas lie near rivers. The plains are at highest risk for flooding, particularly in the northeastern and central parts of the country, including Greater Buenos Aires. This is because these plains, which cover 35% of the land area in the country (including the Chaco and Pampean areas), are characterized by a flat landscape, which can impede proper water drainage. Both the Parana and Paraguay basins have a flat landscape and are thus highly susceptible to flooding due to river overflows following high rainfall. These floods can last for months, particularly in the Parana River, owing to its large basin. In the most extreme case, during the year 1982–1983, the floods in the Parana River persisted for more than a year, negatively impacting the area both socially and economically. Major flooding events in the Parana River include those of 1992 and 1997 and have been more frequent since the 1980s due to higher precipitation trends. Similarly, in Buenos Aires Province, flooding occurs due to river overflows and poor water drainage; major flooding events in the province occurred in 1987, 2002/2003, 2012 and in 2014, causing damage to agriculture production. Most of the flooding events occur in El Niño years owing to higher rainfall. Flooding can also affect Patagonia and urban centers in the northwest, but the number of people affected and economic losses are lower than those in the Pampas owing to lower population densities. Flooding can jeopardize access to safe water. A leptospirosis outbreak occurred following a flood in 1998.
Droughts and dust storms
Droughts are the most harmful natural disasters that are difficult to monitor, identify, analyse, and to manage. Events of droughts have considerable and serious negative impacts socially and economically. In the case of Argentina, it is highly dependent on rainfall in order to sustain production related to cereals and oilseeds. Argentina is highly dependent on water supplies originating outside its borders, making it highly vulnerable to changes in water supply due to climate change. In arid parts of the country, agricultural production is highly dependent on irrigation, making it vulnerable to droughts as they can reduce the availability of water which can negatively affect the commercial production of agricultural products or food security for smaller producers that depend on agriculture to feed their families. Droughts are frequent and devastating. Several years of droughts during the last decade have severely affected agricultural production and reduced economic growth. In 2018, a severe drought affected the country from the final months of 2017 to April 2018 was the worst in the last 50 years and one of the 10 most destructive climate related events in the world in 2018. Rainfall in some parts of the country were 50% below normal from December to February. As a result of this, yields of soybeans and maize were reduced by 31% and 20% respectively, both of which make up 37% of all of Argentina's exports. The drought lead to $6 billion in losses and caused the country to enter into a recession. It was labelled by some to be the most expensive disaster on record. Before the drought in 2018, a drought in 2009 was previously the worst drought in more than 50 years. Many cattle died of hunger, and huge swaths of soy, corn and wheat fields were affected. It was estimated that the country lost more than US$5 billion from the drought. A drought in 2011 affected farming of soy and corn, causing losses of US$2.5 billion.
Drier parts of the country are highly prone to dust storms. These include areas west of Buenos Aires, which can average more than eight dust storms per year, and parts of Patagonia, owing to its aridity and windy climate. Certain areas in the Altiplano are also highly prone to dust storms owing to extensive areas of closed depressions and the presence of salt flats that erode the rock, which becomes a source of fine material that can travel large distances during periods of strong wind. Dust storms are more frequent during droughts, particularly in agricultural areas. Dust storms can effect large areas, leading to numerous impacts. These dust storms can lead to loss of crop and livestock, affecting the local economy. Productive topsoil may be lost during dust storms, leading to loss in soil productivity, which can increase soil erosion and negatively affect crop productivity in the long term. In addition to the impact on agriculture, dust storms can damage cars and buildings, lower visibility on roads, affect air quality, and affect water quality in rivers and lakes.
Tornadoes and severe weather
Argentina experiences frequent tornadoes each year. Tornadoes occur in the South American "tornado alley" (Spanish: Pasillo de los Tornados), which includes the provinces of Entre Ríos, Córdoba Province, Santa Fe, La Pampa and Greater Buenos Aires. The frequency of tornadoes is similar to the one found in Tornado Alley in North America. However, there is no exact number of tornado occurrences per year, owing to the lack of data. These regions have the most frequent and intense mesoscale convective systems. Tornadoes occur between November and April. In this region, which occupies most of the Pampas, cold air from Patagonia meets warm, humid air from Brazil with dry air coming from the Andes. When these air masses collide, they can produce intense storms, frequently becoming supercells that can produce tornadoes. With a larger number of convective storms, there is a higher chance that some of these storms will produce tornadoes. Most tornadoes are relatively weak and rarely cause deaths. The strongest tornado recorded in Argentina occurred in 1973 when a tornado struck San Justo, Santa Fe. The tornado was an F5 on the Fujita scale, with winds up to , making it the worst tornado in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Severe storms impact large cities more often and can damage cars, houses and disrupt public services such as transportation and collection and disposal of urban solid waste. The foothills of the Andes and the Sierras de Cordoba are vulnerable to hail. This is because the Andes force humid air from the Atlantic upwards, intensifying the updrafts within thunderstorms, making hail more likely. Mendoza, a city located in the Andean foothills, experiences frequent hailstorms that can impact the agriculture of the region. Hailstorms have caused serious losses in both urban and rural areas. It is estimated that wine and fruit production experience yearly losses of US$50 million and US$30 million, respectively, due to hail. Most of these hailstorms occur in the summer although they can occur in winter, particularly in the east where warm and humid air from the north frequently collides with cold air from the south, leading to convective thunderstorms that can produce hail.
Storm surges caused by extratropical cyclones have been recorded along the coastal areas. These storm surges are formed from strong winds that blow towards the land. They are formed due to the interaction between the semi-permanent South Pacific High and a low pressure system over the Atlantic, southeast of Argentina, creating strong winds from the south or southwest. The sudestada, which brings the worst storm surges, occurs when there is a high pressure system over southern Argentina in the Atlantic Ocean that interacts with a low pressure over Uruguay and southern Brazil, causing strong winds from the southeast. Storm surges have caused flooding of coastal areas, leading to extensive property loss and other damage. It is also the main natural factor in the erosion of coastlines. The flooding as a result of storm surges are particularly destructive in flat coastal areas such as the Rio de La Plata shores, and the Salado Basin.
Snowstorms and cold waves
Argentina regularly receives cold air from the south that can reach low latitudes owing to the influence of the Andes. Cold waves are usually accompanied with severe snowstorms or extremely cold conditions that can have a devastating impact on the country's economy. These snowstorms and/or extremely cold conditions can partially or completely paralyze activities in large areas of Patagonia and the center of the country. In addition, cold conditions can lead to energy shortages during the winter months due to increased demand. The low temperatures brought by these cold waves can cause frosts that can damage plants, severely affecting agricultural production and devastating the local economy.
Climate change
According to the national government and scientists, climate change is predicted to have a significant effect on the climate of Argentina. There has been an increase in annual precipitation in almost all of Argentina during the 20th century, particularly in the northeast and the center of the country, where agricultural production has expanded to the west by more than in areas that were previously too dry during middle of the 20th century. In contrast, the Andean part of Patagonia, along with the Cuyo region, has seen a decrease in precipitation, leading to a reduction in river flow in the last 100 years. These trends were observed with an increase in the river–stream flows in most of the country, excluding rivers originating from the Andes, and an increase in extreme precipitation events that led to considerable socioeconomic losses.
Mean temperatures have increased by between 1901 and 2012, slightly lower than the global average. Temperatures in the Andean part of Patagonia have increased by more than , which has caused the retreat of almost all of the glaciers. This is affecting water availability to the arid areas of the country that depend on glacier meltwater. Higher temperatures can reduce winter snowfall, causing river flow to decrease, which in turn can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% have been observed. There has been a decrease in the number of days with frost, and there have been increases in the frequency of hot nights and heat waves throughout the country.
Within the next two or three decades (2016–2035), mean temperatures are predicted to increase by under the two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. In both scenarios, the projected warming will be more pronounced during the summer months. The predicted trend for precipitation is not as clear as the one for temperature. In the northern and central regions, precipitation is predicted to increase while in most of central–western Argentina and Patagonia, precipitation is predicted to decrease.
Scientists predict that glaciers will continue to recede and melt or, in some areas, disappear. It is also predicted that the Cuyo region could face a potential water crisis due to an increase in water demand caused by a reduction in river streamflows. In the north and central parts of the country, the higher temperatures and lower precipitation projected for this region will lead to higher evaporation, intensifying droughts and leading to desertification. Heat waves could become more frequent and intense, negatively impacting agricultural production while placing more demand on energy needs. Intense precipitation could become more common, increasing the likelihood of suffering from events such as flooding, since most of its population lives in urban areas near a body of water (rivers, lakes and oceans). Though most of the coastal regions of Argentina will not suffer permanent flooding associated with sea level rise, it is predicted that storm surges will become more frequent in coastal areas, affecting locations such as Buenos Aires.
See also
Agriculture in Argentina
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)
Climate of Buenos Aires
Geography of Argentina
Geographical regions of Argentina
Environment of Argentina
Glaciers of Argentina
Notes
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
General overview
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Descriptions of the climate in most provinces of Argentina
Centro Regional del Clima para el Sur de América del Sur
Maps and imagery
Climatic Atlas from Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Climatic Atlas from Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Mean temperatures of Argentina by month
Mean precipitation of Argentina by month
Climate statistics
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1981–2010 (list of stations)
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1961–1990 (list of stations)
Bioclimatic data for 173 stations in Argentina
Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales
Daily weather data in the last 365 days for stations operated by Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Agrometeorological data for stations operated by Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Argentina |
20473218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Darciaux | Claude Darciaux | Claude Darciaux (born 18 October 1942) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Côte-d'Or's 3rd constituency, from 1997 to 2012 as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1942 births
Living people
Politicians from Besançon
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Gaillard | Claude Gaillard | Claude Gaillard (born August 15, 1944) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1944 births
Living people
People from Haute-Savoie
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Republican Party (France) politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy%20Bethia%20Walford | Lucy Bethia Walford | Lucy Bethia (Colquhoun) Walford (17 April 1845 – 11 May 1915) was a Scottish novelist and artist, who wrote 45 books, the majority of them "light-hearted domestic comedies". Accurate writing was a big consideration for her.
Life
Walford was born Lucy Bethia Colquhoun on 17 April 1845 at Portobello, a seaside resort then outside Edinburgh, the seventh child of Frances Sarah Fuller Maitland (1813–1877), a poet and hymn writer and John Colquhoun (1805–1885) of Luss, Dunbartonshire, author of The Moor and the Loch. Her paternal grandmother, Janet Colquhoun (1781–1846), was a religious writer, and her aunt, Catherine Sinclair (1800–1864) was a prolific novelist and children's writer.
Walford was educated privately by German governesses. Her reading included works by Charlotte Mary Yonge and Susan Ferrier, and in later years Jane Austen. The family moved to Edinburgh in 1855, where guests included the artist Noël Paton, who encouraged her to take up painting. In 1868 and several succeeding years she exhibited at the annual exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy. Her first short piece of writing appeared in the Sunday Magazine in May 1869.
On 23 June 1869 she married Alfred Saunders Walford (died 1907), a magistrate of Ilford, Essex, and they moved to London. They had five daughters and two sons. Their children were said to be "never put aside for her work" and "constantly with their mother". She died on 11 May 1915 at her home in Pimlico, London.
Works
When writing, Walford sought to be as accurate as possible. Her brothers were approached to answer questions she had on military life. Her father was an expert on sports. The protagonist of her first novel, Mr. Smith: a Part of his Life (1874) was taken from an actual man named Smith who was found dead, as described in her novel. It pleased Queen Victoria and led to her being received at court. It was also admired by Coventry Patmore. By the age of 65 Walford had written 45 full-length novels, including Pauline (1877), The Baby's Grandmother (1884), Stiff Necked Generation (1889), and The Havoc of a Smile (1890). She also wrote for London journals. Her last novel, David and Jonathan on the Riviera, appeared in 1914.
Partial bibliography
Fiction:
Mr. Smith: A Part of His Life (1874)
Nan and Other Tales (1875)
Pauline (1877)
Cousins (1879)
Troublesome Daughters (1880)
Dick Netherby (1881)
The Baby's Grandmother (1885)
The History of a Week (1886)
A Stiff-Necked Generation (1888)
Her Great Idea (1888)
A Mere Child (1889)
A Sage of Sixteen (1889)
Havoc of a Smile (1890)
The Mischief of Monica (1891)
The One Good Guest (1891)
For Grown-up Children (1892)
The Matchmaker (1893)
A Question of Penmanship (1893)
Ploughed (1894)
A Bubble (1895)
Frederick (1895)
Successors to the Title (1896)
Iva Kildare (1897)
Leddy Marget (1898)
The Intruders (1898)
The Archdeacon (1899)
Sir Patrick the Puddock (1900)
A Little Legacy and Other Stories (1900)
One of Ourselves (1900)
Charlotte (1902)
A Dream's Fulfilment (1902)
David and Jonathan on the Riviera (1914)
Non-fiction
Twelve English Authoresses (1892)
Recollections of a Scottish Novelist (London, Williams and Norgate, 1910)
Memories of Victorian London (London, E. Arnold, 1912)
References
Further reading
Henry Robert Addison, et al. Who's Who: An Annual Biographical Dictionary (A. & C. Black, 1903)
Helen C. Black. Notable Women Authors of the Day (London: Maclaren and Company, 1906)
External links
Emory Women Writers Resource Project
Victorian Fiction Online
Worldcat Results
1845 births
1915 deaths
Victorian women writers
Victorian writers
20th-century British women writers
19th-century British novelists
20th-century British novelists
19th-century Scottish writers
Scottish women novelists
Scottish autobiographers
People from Portobello, Edinburgh
19th-century British women writers
19th-century British writers
Writers from Edinburgh |
44503836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denuvo | Denuvo | Denuvo Anti-Tamper is an anti-tamper technology and digital rights management (DRM) product developed by Austrian software company Denuvo Software Solutions GmbH, a subsidiary of Irdeto. The company also developed an anti-cheat counterpart.
History
Denuvo is developed by Denuvo Software Solutions GmbH, a software company based in Salzburg, Austria. The company was formed through a management buyout of DigitalWorks, the arm of the Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation that developed the SecuROM DRM technology. It originally employed 45 people. In January 2018, the company was acquired by larger software company Irdeto. Development of the Denuvo software started in 2014. FIFA 15, released in September 2014, was the first game to use Denuvo.
3DM, a Chinese warez group, first claimed to have breached Denuvo's technology in a blog post published on 1 December 2014, wherein they announced that they would release cracked versions of Denuvo-protected games FIFA 15, Dragon Age: Inquisition and Lords of the Fallen. Following onto this, 3DM released the version of Dragon Age: Inquisition about two weeks after that game had shipped. The overall cracking progress took about a month, an unusually long time in the game cracking scene. When asked about this development, Denuvo Software Solutions acknowledged that "every protected game eventually gets cracked". However, technology website Ars Technica noted that most sales for major games happen within 30 days of release, and so publishers may consider Denuvo a success if it meant a game took significantly longer to be cracked. In January 2016, 3DM's founder, Bird Sister, revealed that they were to give up on trying to break the Denuvo implementation for Just Cause 3, and warned that, due to the ongoing trend for the implementation, there would be "no free games to play in the world" in the near future. Subsequently, 3DM opted to not crack any games for one year to examine whether such a move would have any influence on game sales. Denuvo's marketing director, Thomas Goebl, claimed that some console-exclusive games get PC releases due to this technology.
By October 2017, crackers were able to bypass Denuvo's protection within hours of a game's release, with notable examples being South Park: The Fractured but Whole, Middle-earth: Shadow of War, Total War: Warhammer 2 and FIFA 18, all being cracked on their release dates. In another notable case, Assassin's Creed Origins, which wrapped Denuvo within security tool VMProtect as well as Ubisoft's proprietary DRM used for their Uplay distribution software, had its security features bypassed by Italian collective CPY in February 2018, three months after the game's release. In December 2018, Hitman 2 protection was bypassed three days before its official release date due to exclusive pre-order access, drawing comparisons to Final Fantasy XV, which had its protection removed four days before release.
By 2019, several products like Devil May Cry 5, Metro Exodus, Resident Evil 2, Far Cry New Dawn, Football Manager 2019 and Soul Calibur 6, were cracked within their first week of release, with Ace Combat 7 taking thirteen days. In the case of Rage 2, which was released on Steam as well as Bethesda Softworks' own Bethesda Launcher, the Steam version was protected by Denuvo, whereas the Bethesda Launcher version was not, leading to the game being cracked immediately, and Denuvo being removed from the Steam release two days later.
A sister product, Denuvo Anti-Cheat, was announced in March 2019, and first used with Doom Eternal following a patch on 14 May 2020. However, less than a week later Doom developer id Software announced they would be removing it from the game following negative response from players.
On August 24th, 2022, it was announced that Denuvo had developed "Nintendo Switch Emulator Protection", a new digital rights management solution for Nintendo Switch titles which aims to allow developers to block play via emulators such as Yuzu.
Technology
Games protected by Denuvo require an online activation. According to Empress, a notable Denuvo cracker, the software assigns a unique authentication token to each copy of a game, depending on factors like the user's hardware. The DRM is integrated with the game's code, which makes it especially hard to circumvent.
Criticism
Denuvo has been criticised for high central processing unit (CPU) usage and excessive writing operations on storage components, the latter causing significant life-span reductions for solid-state drives (SSDs). Denuvo Software Solutions has denied both claims. In the case of Tekken 7 and Sonic Mania Plus, Denuvo caused a significant decrease in performance in several parts of these games. Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica reviewed in-depth how Denuvo was causing performance penalties, releasing an article on the matter in December 2018. In December 2018, Joel Hruska of ExtremeTech compared the performance of multiple games with Denuvo enabled and disabled, and found that the games tested had significantly higher frame rates and lower loading times when Denuvo was not used. Richard Leadbetter of Digital Foundry compared the performance of a pirated version of Resident Evil Village which had stripped out Denuvo and Capcom's additional copy protection against the release version for Windows, and found that the DRM-stripped version performed far better than the released game. It has been confirmed that the stuttering was caused by CAPCOM's DRM and not by Denuvo.
In July 2018, Denuvo Software Solutions filed a lawsuit against Voksi, a 21-year-old Bulgarian hacker who had cracked several Denuvo-protected games. Voksi was arrested by Bulgarian authorities, and his website, Revolt, was taken offline.
In May 2020, Kaspersky Anti-Virus detected the now removed Denuvo Anti-Cheat implementation in Doom Eternal as malware, possibly due to its kernel-level access.
In November 2021, many recent games using Denuvo were rendered unplayable, reportedly due to a Denuvo owned domain name expiring. The same month it was discovered that many Denuvo games would not work with Intel 12th Gen Alder Lake CPUs in either Windows 10 or Windows 11. However, as of January 12 2022, the Alder Lake incompatibility issue has been addressed, bringing the list of 90 incompatible titles down to zero.
In August of 2022, Nintendo Switch owners on social media widely criticized the announcement of the "Nintendo Switch Emulator Protection" intended to prevent play of Switch games on emulators, expressing concerns that it would hinder software performance, citing Denuvo DRM's history of being reported as impacting PC gaming performance. However, Denuvo said in statements to the press that it would not negatively impact performance of Switch games for those playing on real console hardware. Denuvo declined to disclose the names of any other companies involved, but claimed that Nintendo was "not involved" and said there had been "strong demand" from software publishers for such a solution, to preclude piracy of Nintendo Switch games enabled through emulation. The statement of Nintendo's non-involvement was met with skepticism from the Switch modding community. The developers of Switch emulator Ryujinx responded to the announcement in a tweet, stating their intention to continue developing the software.
References
External links
2014 software
Digital rights management for Windows
Proprietary software
Video game controversies |
26719065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkosinathi%20Joyi | Nkosinathi Joyi | Nkosinathi Joyi (born 1 January 1983 in Mdantsane, South Africa), is a South African professional boxer with a southpaw stance who goes by the nickname of "Mabere". Joyi is the former IBF Minimumweight world champion, he was ranked by BoxRec and The Ring Magazine as the number one boxer in the Minimumweight division. He is also the two-time and current IBO Minimumweight champion.
Professional career
Joyi, who has fought his entire career in South Africa, made his professional debut on 28 April 2002 in Queenstown. He beat Dalisizwe Komani over the six round distance to make a winning start to his career. Joyi won his first minor championship on 24 April 2004, beating Mzikayse Foslare to win the South African minimumweight title.
Minimumweight world title
The first major fight of his career came on 26 June 2009 in East London, where he fought the Filipino boxer Florante Condes in an IBF Minimumweight title eliminator. Joyi won the fight by a wide unanimous decision with scores of: 120–107 (twice) and 119–108. In his next fight, on 26 March 2010 and also in East London, Joyi challenged for the IBF title against the Mexican Raúl García. Joyi once again gained a unanimous points decision and claimed García's title, the scores were 119–109 (twice) and 118–110. On 29 January 2011, Joyi faced former WBC Minimumweight champion, Katsunari Takayama. Joyi appeared to be in full control of the bout until the third round, when an accidental clash of heads opened a deep cut along Takayama's hairline. Since four rounds had not been completed, the bout was ruled a no-contest. Joyi then defeated Takayama via a unanimous decision in a direct rematch on 30 March 2012 in East London. He had reportedly injured his left hand in the second round of that fight. Joyi's promoter Branco Milenkovic has planned to stage a unification match. However, two of the other three champions of the four major sanctioning bodies were Japanese. Although Japan's reigning world champions have been allowed to fight in a unification match with any champion of the four major sanctioning bodies since 28 February 2011, the WBC's Kazuto Ioka and the WBA's Akira Yaegashi were due to fight in their title unification bout. So, they were unavailable until at least June 2012.
In Joyi's first fight outside of South Africa, he suffered an upset knockout loss at the hands of local fighter Mario Rodriguez (14–6–4) in Sinaloa, Mexico on 1 September 2012.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of world mini-flyweight boxing champions
References
External links
|-
|-
1983 births
Living people
South African male boxers
People from Mdantsane
Mini-flyweight boxers
World mini-flyweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
International Boxing Organization champions
Sportspeople from the Eastern Cape |
20473231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Gatignol | Claude Gatignol | Claude Gatignol (born November 20, 1938 in Saint-Julien-près-Bort) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Manche department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1938 births
Living people
People from Corrèze
Independent Republicans politicians
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French military personnel of the Algerian War
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Manche |
20473239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Goasguen | Claude Goasguen | Claude Goasguen (12 March 1945 – 28 May 2020) was a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly for Paris from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1997 until his death in 2020. A member of The Republicans, he also briefly was Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship in 1995 under Prime Minister Alain Juppé.
Biography
Early years
Claude Goasguen was born in Toulon, Var. He received a Doctorate in Law from Panthéon-Assas University. From 1976 to 1986, he taught at Paris 13 University, and he served as the Dean of the Law School from 1982 to 1984. From 1986 to 1988, he served as advisor to the Minister of National Education, René Monory, with regards to the links between universities and the private sector, and professional training. From December 1987 to January 1991, he served as university rector.
Cabinet member
From May to November 1995, he was Minister of State Reforms, Decentralisation and Citizenship. From April 1996 to May 1998, he was the General Secretary of the now defunct UDF, and from June 1998 to April 2002, he was vice-president and spokesperson of the defunct Liberal Democracy. Since 2003, he has also worked as a lawyer in Paris.
He was well known for his controversial comments on the Palestinian people and on the Muslim community living in France.
Goasguen was a vigorous supporter of oppressed Christian minorities in the Near East and has spoken prominently at public meetings concerning them in Autumn 2015. He was a recipient of the Legion of Honour. He died on 28 May 2020 in Issy-les-Moulineaux at the age of 75 from a heart attack after having contracted COVID-19 earlier in March during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. He was replaced in the Assembly by Sandra Boëlle.
References
1945 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Toulon
French people of Breton descent
20th-century French lawyers
Politicians from Paris
Mayors of arrondissements of Paris
Union for French Democracy politicians
Centre of Social Democrats politicians
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Government ministers of France
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Sorbonne Paris North University faculty
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Councillors of Paris
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Burials at Passy Cemetery
Members of Parliament for Paris |
20473245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Greff | Claude Greff | Claude Greff (born 2 June 1954) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2017. She represented the 2nd constituency of the Indre-et-Loire department, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1954 births
Living people
People from Briey
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Gaullism, a way forward for France
Secretaries of State of France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Politicians from Centre-Val de Loire |
20473250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Leteurtre | Claude Leteurtre | Claude Leteurtre (born 30 December 1940 in Donville-les-Bains, Manche) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Calvados department, and is a member of the New Centre.
References
1940 births
Living people
People from Manche
Mayors of places in Normandy
Union for French Democracy politicians
The Centrists politicians
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colette%20Langlade | Colette Langlade | Colette Langlade (born 20 June 1956) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Dordogne's 3rd constituency from 2008 to 2017, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
Biography
Parliamentary activity
Summary of mandates
References
1956 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
26719121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace%20of%20Precious%20Pearls | Necklace of Precious Pearls | The Necklace of Precious Pearls () is one of the Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen Upadesha.
Translations
The tantra has been translated into English by Christopher Wilkinson in a self-published edition entitled "The Pearl Necklace Tantra: Upadesha Instructions of the Great Perfection"
Primary resources
mu tig rin po che phreng ba'i rgyud @ Wikisource in Wylie
མུ་ཏིག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཕྲེང་བའི་རྒྱུད @ Wikisource in Uchen (Tibetan Script), Unicode
Notes
Dzogchen texts
Nyingma tantras |
20473267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colette%20Le%20Moal | Colette Le Moal | Colette Le Moal (born March 27, 1932 in Paris) is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Yvelines department, and is a member of the New Centre.
References
1932 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
The Centrists politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
21st-century French women politicians
Mayors of places in Île-de-France |
20473268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette%20Greenway | Willamette Greenway | The Willamette River Greenway is a cooperative state and local government effort to maintain and enhance the scenic, recreational, historic, natural and agricultural qualities of the Willamette River and its adjacent lands. A number of trails exist along the greenway, but significant gaps still exist.
Oregon State Treasurer Robert Straub proposed in 1966 public ownership of lands along the Willamette, during his run for Governor of Oregon. Tom McCall won the election and adopted the proposal. The Greenway was established by the 1967 Oregon legislature and U.S. Senator Maurine Neuberger sought federal funds to support the program.
The 1973 Oregon legislature passed the Willamette River Greenway Act, which established ties to a comprehensive state land use law (Oregon Senate Bill 100) passed that same year.
In 1975, the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development included the Willamette River Greenway as one of nineteen standards for statewide planning, requiring that public access, native vegetation, and scenic views be considered when planning new developments.
See also
Land use in Oregon
Tom McCall Waterfront Park: portion of the greenway in downtown Portland
Vera Katz Eastbank Esplanade: more greenway near downtown Portland
40-Mile Loop: Willamette Greenway is one portion of extensive pathways throughout Portland
Oregon Beach Bill: public access to ocean beaches was presumed early in Oregon's history, but asserted by law in 1966
References
Parks in Oregon
Land use in Oregon
Willamette River
1967 establishments in Oregon |
20473269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo%20Alatorre | Marcelo Alatorre | Marcelo Guadalupe Alatorre Maldonado (born 18 January 1985 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, México) is a former Mexican footballer, who last played as defender.
References
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Jalisco
Footballers from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Association football defenders
Mexican footballers
Tecos F.C. footballers
Leones Negros UdeG footballers
Club Universidad Nacional footballers
C.D. Veracruz footballers
Venados F.C. players
Liga MX players
Las Vegas Lights FC players |
44503855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surameryx | Surameryx | Surameryx is an extinct genus of herbivorous even-toed ungulates originally described as belonging to the extinct family Palaeomerycidae. A single species, S. acrensis, was described from the Late Miocene (between the Mayoan and Huayquerian SALMA, between 11.6 to 5.3 million years ago) of the Madre de Dios Formation, South America. It was originally interpreted as one of the few northern mammals that entered South America before the Pliocene. However, both its identification as a member of the family Palaeomerycidae and claims about its Miocene age were subsequently challenged.
Description
Surameryx is known from the left half of the nearly complete lower jaw, reminiscent of the North American palaeomerycids, which are known from numerous fossils.
The jaw of Surameryx is similar to that of Barbouromeryx in having a premolar row without reduction compared to the molar row; additionally it showed the characteristic "Palaeomeryx fold", a typical molar crest present in various types of primitive ruminants, and a vertical groove on the back or inner surface of the fourth premolar. Surameryx still differs from its relatives in the much wider shape of the molars and premolars, and in its shorter, upward recurved coronoid process; the stylids were also higher than in other related genera.
Taxonomy
Surameryx acrensis was first named and described in 2014, based on the fossil jaw discovered in the Madre de Dios Formation extending along the Acre River in the area between Cobija, Bolivia and Assis Brasil. Surameryx is a representative of the palaeomerycids, an extinct family of Miocene artiodactyls related to cervids and giraffids. More specifically, Surameryx was a member of the dromomerycines, a group of palaeomerycids endemic to North America; within these, it seems to have a close relationship with Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus, a primitive dromomerycine of the middle Miocene (20–16 million years ago). The name Surameryx is derived from the Spanish word sur ("south") and the Greek meryx ("ruminant"); the species name acrensis refers to the Acre River.
Relevance
If confirmed, the discovery of a dromomerycine in South America would be exceptional; until 2014 there were only sporadic findings of placental mammals other than xenarthrans or meridiungulates in South America in layers earlier than the Pliocene epoch. While the Great American Biotic Interchange is traditionally regarded as an event of the late Pliocene (about 3 million years ago), it actually started much earlier, going back at least to the late Miocene, about 10 million years ago. The presence of Surameryx in the Amazon basin is evidence of this exchange in the Miocene, which had already been suggested by the presence of contemporary specimens of gomphotheriids (Amahuacatherium), peccaries (Sylvochoerus and Waldochoerus) and tapirs and presence around the same time of ground sloths in North America (Thinobadistes and Pliometanastes). It seems that the paleomerycids were unable to successfully colonize South America, while other groups fared better there. Proboscideans survived until the arrival of humans) and peccaries and tapirs currently live in South America. However, the dating of the putative Miocene fossil beds in western Amazonia and the identification of the gomphothere remains as Amahuacatherium have been challenged.
Gasparini et al. (2021) reevaluated the fossil material of S. acrensis, and argued that dental characters used to assign this species to Dromomerycinae by Prothero et al. (2014) are not diagnostic, and can be also found in other groups of even-toed ungulates, including South American deers. The authors also noted that the teeth of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis are very worn and the heavy wear has played a part in confounding and obscuring some of the dental features. In addition, Gasparini et al. considered the provenance and age of known fossil material of S. acrensis to be dubious. The authors believed that the original interpretation of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis as a dromomerycine was heavily influenced by its supposed Miocene age. According to Gasparini et al., if the preserved morphology of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis is the only information considered, it is best interpreted as fossil material of a deer of uncertain specific identity, likely an old individual with a dental age greater than seven years. The authors considered it more likely that this specimen was of Quaternary rather than Miocene age.
References
Palaeomerycidae
Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera
Miocene mammals of South America
Huayquerian
Chasicoan
Mayoan
Neogene Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Fossil taxa described in 2014 |
20473278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchita%20Lacuey | Conchita Lacuey | Conchita Lacuey (born 30 September 1943) is French politician. A former member of the National Assembly of France, she represented Gironde's 4th constituency as a member of the Socialist Party.
Biography
Conchita Lacuey was born on 30 September 1943 in Bordeaux, France to exiled Spanish parents. Her father, a cabinetmaker by profession, was a leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
First elected Deputy of Gironde's 4th constituency on 1 June 1997, she was re-elected on 18 June 2002, 17 June 2007, and 17 June 2012. She was a member of the Socialist Group in the National Assembly.
She supported Martine Aubry during the 2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary.
In 2013, she resigned from her mandate as Mayor and announced she'd continue to sit on the municipal council of the commune. Her former deputy mayor, Jean-Jacques Puyobrau was elected mayor on 18 February 2013. She decided not to re-present herself during the 2017 French legislative election, leaving the field empty for Alain David of the Socialist Party and mayor of the neighbouring commune of Cenon.
Family
Her daughter, Nathalie Lacuey, is currently a deputy mayor of Floirac and departmental councillor for the Canton of Cenon.
Summary of mandates
Municipal council and Mayor
1 April 1980 — 6 March 1983: Municipal councillor of Floirac.
6 March 1983 — 18 March 2001: Deputy mayor of Floirac.
18 March 2001 — 18 February 2013: Mayor of Floirac.
Since 18 February 2013: Deputy mayor of Floirac.
Deputy
Deputy of Gironde's 4th constituency:
From 1 June 1997 to 18 June 2002.
From 19 June 2002 to 19 June 2007.
From 20 June 2007 to 20 June 2012.
From 20 June 2012 to 20 June 2017.
Candidacy
Legislative elections:
1997 — Victory during the 2nd round with 63.71% of the vote.
2002 — Victory during the 2nd round with 59.29% of the vote.
2007 — Victory during the 2nd round with 59.50% of the vote.
2012 — Victory during the 2nd round with 67.23% of the vote.
References
1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Bordeaux
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French people of Spanish descent
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
20th-century French women |
20473288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinne%20Erhel | Corinne Erhel | Corinne Erhel (3 February 1967 – 5 May 2017) was a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2017, representing the Côtes-d'Armor department.
Early life
Corinne Erhel was born on 3 February 1967 in Quimper, Finistère. She graduated from the institute of advanced studies of rural law and agricultural economics (IHEDREA).
Career
Erhel joined the Socialist Party. In 1997, she became assistant parliamentarian for Alain Gouriou, deputy mayor of Lannion. In 2004 she was elected regional advisor for Brittany.
Erhel served as a member of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2017.
Death
On 5 May 2017, Erhel died after collapsing while she was giving a speech at a meeting in support of Emmanuel Macron for the 2017 French presidential election.
References
External links
1967 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Quimper
Socialist Party (France) politicians
21st-century French women politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
La République En Marche! politicians |
44503858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Believer%20and%20Other%20Hits | I'm a Believer and Other Hits | I'm a Believer and Other Hits is a budget-priced Monkees compilation released in 1997. It contains 10 of The Monkees' greatest hits. Many tracks are in their stereo single mixes; thus, "A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You" is without handclaps, and "Listen to the Band" has a shorter organ bridge. The album includes one track from the 1980s reunion, along with one previously unreleased track "Ceiling in My Room", taken from The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees sessions.
Track listing
"I'm a Believer" (Neil Diamond) - 2:47
"The Girl I Knew Somewhere" (Michael Nesmith) - 2:39
"Shades of Gray" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) - 3:24 (Mis-credited to Goffin and King)
"Cuddly Toy" (Harry Nilsson) - 2:41 (Mis-credited to Boyce and Hart)
"A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You" (Diamond) - 2:53
"Heart and Soul" (Simon Byrne, Andrew Howell) - 3:45
"Someday Man" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) - 2:41
"Ceiling in My Room" (Dominick DeMieri, Robert Dick, Davy Jones) - 3:13
"Listen to the Band" (Nesmith) - 2:29
"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) - 2:21
References
1997 greatest hits albums
The Monkees compilation albums
Rhino Records compilation albums |
20473294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffer%20Boe | Christoffer Boe | Christoffer Boe (born 1974) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He is an established and well-known not only in Denmark, but all through the world. Among his international awards there are FIPRESCI Director of the Year at San Sebastián International Film Festival and Golden Camera at Cannes Film Festival in 2003. He is also co-founder and director of the film production company AlphaVille Pictures Copenhagen.
Early life and education
Boe was born in Rungsted just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. After school in Denmark, he went to study the history of cinematography in Indiana University in Bloomington, United States. Then, he continued his studies in Copenhagen University. In 1997 he decided to go deep into movie making and was accepted at the National Film School of Denmark director's course.
During that time he directed a trilogy of short films: Obsession (1999), Virginity (2000) and Anxiety (2001). They were 20 to 30 minutes long and starred Maria Bonnevie and Nikolaj Lie Kaas. They're all basically about a young male being obsessed by a beautiful woman and then being trapped in his own logic of what love is. "Anxiety" received the Prix Decouverte de la Critique Francais and was screened in Critic's Week in 2002.
At that point Boe developed a style of movie making and playing with narrative structure. He graduated from the National Film School of Denmark in 2001.
Career
After the graduation he is the head of so-called "Hr. Boe & Co." team. In spite of the fact that their debut was even during studying (Anxiety in 2001), their first feature film Reconstruction released in 2003 has become their first actual collaborative work.
He was so satisfied with Maria Bonnevie and Nikolaj Lie Kaas playing in his students shorts – so he wrote Reconstruction specifically with them in mind.
This real debut was well received by critics on international film festivals.
In 2001 he made 6 episodes (each 10 minutes) of TV series Kissmeyer Basics.
In 2004 he shot a short film Europe Does Not Exist as part of Visions of Europe with Cecilie Thomsen and Henning Moritzen representing Demark in this Europe Union media project.
His fourth feature film – thriller Everything will be Fine was selected for Quinzaine des Réalisateurs (Directors' Fortnight), marking the third Danish film to be selected for 2010 Cannes International Film Festival.
Hr. Boe & Co.
Boe is the head of so-called Hr. Boe & Co. consisting of a group of filmmakers who gathered together because of a mutual adoration for the perfect frame while studying at the National Film School.
The other basic members are:
Tine Grew Pfeiffer (film producer)
Manuel Alberto Claro (director of photography)
Mikkel E.G. Nielsen (film editor)
Morten Green (sound designer)
Reconstruction is Hr. Boe & Co.'s feature film début.
Trivia
His production company is named after the film Alphaville and he is an atheist.
Christoffer about Lars Von Trier: "I think there are ten or twenty guys like him, who you just have to look at. He is one of those. I find his position as a very confrontational and controversial man kind of funny. To me he's not controversial figure, he's just a very interesting film maker".
Filmography
Short films (student works)
Obsession (1999)
Virginity (2000)
Anxiety (2001)
Feature films
Reconstruction (2003)
Allegro (2005)
Offscreen (2006)
Everything will be Fine (2010)
Beast (2010)
Sex, Drugs & Taxation (2013)
A Taste of Hunger (2021)
Other
Kissmeyer Basic (2001 TV series)
Visions of Europe (2004, segment "Europe Does Not Exist")
Awards
2003 San Sebastián Film Festival FIPRESCI Director of the Year
2003 Caméra d'Or for Reconstruction
2006 Young Cinema Award at the Venice Film Festival for Offscreen
2006 Altre Visioni Award at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival for Offscreen
2006 win at The Nordic Council Film Prize for Offscreen
2012 Dauphin d'Or at Cannes Corporate Media & TV Awards for "We are Maersk"
2015 Dauphin d'Argent at Cannes Corporate Media & TV Awards for "Danfoss Engineering Tomorrow"
Quotes on filmmaking
"I liked movies so much that they became an obsession. I am still trying to kick the habit."
"Making it good, which is tougher than one might think. Creating rules and an inner logic in a cinematic world where everything is possible is not easy. Or maybe it is, but it wasn't for me."
References
External links
1974 births
Danish film directors
Directors of Caméra d'Or winners
Living people
Danish male screenwriters
People from Hørsholm Municipality |
20473303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIQ | PIQ | Piq may refer to:
PiQ (magazine), an American popular culture magazine
Performance IQ, a sub-type of an intelligence test
Prefetch input queue, pre-fetched computer instructions stored in a data structure
Property Information Questionnaire, a document completed by the seller of a property |
17336021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mavericks%20discography | The Mavericks discography | American country music band The Mavericks have released eleven studio albums, four six compilation albums, three live albums and one EP album. The band's highest-certified album is 1994's What a Crying Shame, certified platinum by the RIAA and double platinum by the CRIA. 1995's Music for All Occasions was certified gold in the US and platinum in Canada, while Trampoline and It's Now! It's Live!, both from 1998, earned gold certification in Canada.
The Mavericks also released twenty singles. Although fourteen of these charted on the Billboard country singles charts, none reached Top Ten on that chart, with the highest-peaking being the number 13 "All You Ever Do Is Bring Me Down", a collaboration with accordionist Flaco Jiménez. "What a Crying Shame", "O What a Thrill", and "Here Comes the Rain" all reached top ten on the former RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada. "Dance the Night Away" and "I've Got This Feeling" both entered the UK Singles Chart, with the former peaking at number four.
Studio albums
1990s
2000s–2020s
Compilation albums
Live albums
Extended plays
Singles
1990s
2000s–2010s
Music videos
Notes
References
Country music discographies
Discographies of American artists |
20473327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bawl | Bawl | Bawl may refer to:
Bawl, Irish band from the 1990s, predecessor of Pony Club
Bawls, energy drink
Crying (synonym) |
44503871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucban%20Church | Lucban Church | The San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Parish Church (also Saint Louis of Toulouse Parish Church), commonly known as the Lucban Church, is a Roman Catholic parish church located in Lucban, Quezon, Philippines under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena. Its titular is Saint Louis of Toulouse.
History
Franciscan priests Father Juán Portocarrero de Plasencia and Father Diego de Oropesa de San José, known as the Apostles of Laguna and Tayabas, established the visita of Lucban in 1578 and started evangelizing the people of the town. It was elevated as a parish in 1595 under Father Miguel de Talavera alongside the construction of its first church made of wood, dedicated to Saint Louis of Toulouse.
The first church was ruined in 1629 and a second church was established on the present site. Construction of the second church, made of stone, masonry, and nipa, proceeded from 1630 to 1640 and the convent was finished in 1650. Church roofing was changed to tiles in 1683 under the supervision of Father Francisco Huerta.
Fire destroyed the building in 1733. That same year, Father Pascual Martinez began construction of a third building, the present one, which was completed in 1738. The rebuilt convent was completed in 1743. On April 4, 1945, the day American soldiers liberated Lucban during World War II, the church was partially damaged by a bomb. It was immediately reconstructed under the supervision of Monsignor Antonio Radovan.
In July 2014 Typhoon Glenda destroyed the roof over the altar, causing flooding inside the church. Under the supervision of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, the church underwent a full-scale exterior restoration in 2019.
Patron saint
Saint Louis of Toulouse was born in Brignoles, Provence (or in Italy, at Nocera, where he spent a part of his early life), the second son of King Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary. Charles became king of Naples in 1285. When Charles was taken prisoner in Italy, during the war with King Peter III of Aragon that followed the Sicilian Vespers, he obtained his own freedom by giving over his three sons as hostages. The boys were taken to Catalonia, where they were placed under the care of Franciscan friars for their education and held for seven years. Impressed by one of the friars in particular, Arnauld de Villeneuve, Louis took up the study of philosophy and theology. Though still held in captivity, Louis was made archbishop of Lyon as soon as he reached his majority. When his older brother died of plague in 1295, Louis also became heir apparent to his father's kingdom; however, when he was freed that same year, Louis went to Rome and gave up all claims to the Angevin inheritance in favor of his brother Robert and announced that instead he would take the Franciscan vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
On 5 February 1297, Louis was also consecrated Bishop of Toulouse by Boniface VIII, where his uncle Alphonse had until recently been count, but had died in 1271 leaving no heir. In this ambivalently dynastic and ecclesiastical position, in a territory between Provence and Aquitaine that was essential to Angevin interests, despite the princely standing that had won him this important appointment at the age of about 22, Louis rapidly gained a reputation for serving the poor, feeding the hungry, and ignoring his own needs. After just six months, however, apparently exhausted by his labors, he abandoned the position of Bishop. Shortly thereafter he died at Brignoles of a fever, possibly typhoid, at age 23. Procedures for the canonization of Louis were quickly urged. His case was promoted by Pope Clement V in 1307, and he was canonized by John XXII on 7 April 1317 with the bull Sol oriens.
Features
The church follows the baroque design. It has a three-story facade. The second level features semi-circular windows flanked by Corinthian columns and niches containing statues of saints. The church also has an octagonal, three-story belltower standing on a square base.
Administration
San Luis Obispo Parish Church is within the jurisidiction of the Vicariate of Saint Thomas of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena. Presently, it is administered by Rev. Msgr. Melecio Verastigue, PC and is assisted by Rev. Fr. Roy Cal as parochial vicar.
Lucban Catholic Cemetery
Locally known as Campo Santo, it was built in 1848 during the time of Fray Manuel Sancho, OFM and Capt. Simeon de Ramos. Its construction was paused briefly until Don Casimiro Antonio de Leon decided to complete the project. In 1882, in order to control the spread of cholera and reduce the number of deaths, Don Victor Eleazar oversaw the building of a small chapel (capilla) within the cemetery complex in such a way that will prevent the people from passing-by the parish church to get the priest's final blessing. On a positive note, the impact of cholera on the town wasn't grave as was expected. Because of the building's distinct and eerie character, various horror movie shots were filmed here.
Pahiyas Festival
A 6:00 AM mass at the church marks the start of the colorful Pahiyas Festival every May 15, at 7:00 AM a procession leaves the church carrying the images of San Isidro Labrador and Beata María de la Cabeza on a route around the town.
Other popular devotions
Santo Entierro De Lucban
The Santo Entierro De Lucban is regarded by the locals as a miracle-worker. Every Good Friday procession, the image is processed throughout the town in a custom similar to that of Quiapo's Traslacion. According to Pantaleon Nantes' account, it ended up in a pawnshop in Manila causing many illnesses to the townspeople. Later on, two prominent families — the Lukban-Villaseñor Clan and the present owners, the Rañola clan — have contested the image's original ownership to the extent that they fought all the way to the Corte Suprema (Supreme Court). The high court ruled in favor of the latter. It happened in 1892.
Kalbaryo
It is a local commemoration of Saint Helena and Bishop Macarius' discovery of Christ's real cross that is held every May 3.
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Interior photos of church
Roman Catholic churches in Quezon
Baroque architecture in the Philippines
Marked Historical Structures of the Philippines
Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena |
17336029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindass | Bindass | Bindass is an Indian pay television Hindi-language Music channel owned by Disney Star, targeted at young people. It was launched on 24 September 2007.
History
UTV Software Communications launched Bindass as a youth-oriented entertainment channel on 24 September 2007 along with movie channel Bindass Movies (which was later rebranded as UTV Action). Initial programming consisted of a sitcoms Sun Yaar Chill Maar and Lagegi, action series Shakira - The End of Evil, 3rd Degree with Ugesh Sarcar and six international shows The Benny Hill Show, Japanese Pro Wrestling Show, Gotcha, Motorrad Cops, Whacked Out Sports and Challenges of Fire.
In February 2010, Bindass launched a new campaign titled "What I Am" which aimed at speaking for the youth of India, and dispel popular misconceptions about their attitude towards responsibilities.
The Walt Disney Company acquired UTV in 2012 and Bindass along with other UTV channels became part of Disney India Media Networks.
The channel launched Halla Bol in 2014, first show under the new brand campaign. The show showcased stories inspired by various real life instances and celebrates the victories of women who stood their ground to emerge as heroes. The show was hosted by television actor Karan Tacker.
In 2016 Disney Media Networks India started producing Web television series which will be simulcast on Bindass as well digital platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The first series under this multi-platform strategy was The Girl in the City which was followed by The Trip, Girl in the City Chapter 2, Dil Buffering and Tere Liye Bro.
In 2017 Disney India closed Bindass Play, a music channel and its content was merged with Bindass.
In October 2021, it was reported that Bindass would be shut down on 30 November 2021. The shut down was later postponed.
Bindass India concert
On 13 January 2008, Bindass presented a two-hour live concert starring popular Bollywood star Shahrukh Khan at MMRDA Grounds, Mumbai. The entourage included stars Priyanka Chopra, Dia Mirza, Rakhi Sawant and Dino Morea. The concert was hosted by Sajid Khan, and choreographed by Ganesh Hegde.
Prior to the contest Bindass organized a nationwide contest called "Dance with SRK", where the lucky winners would get to dance with Shah Rukh Khan on stage. Through a lucky dip, three winners, Andrew from Kolkatta, Richa from Lucknow and 9 year old Vidhi from Mumbai, were chosen. The concert was telecast on Bindass on 26 January 2008 on Indian Republic Day.
Programming
3rd Degree with Ugesh Sarcar (2007–2009)
Beg Borrow Steal (2011–2017)
The Benny Hill Show (2007–2008)
Big Switch (2009–2015)
Cash Cab-Meter Chalu Hai (2008–2010)
The Chair (2010)
Challenges of Fire (2007–2008)
Change Aaeyga Hum Laayenge (2014)
Dadagiri (2008–2011)
Destination Love (2010)
Dil Buffering (2017)
Emotional Atyachar (2009–2015)
Fear Less (2012)
Halla Bol (2015)
Hass Ley India (2007–2008)
Girl in the City (2016)
Girl in the City: Chapter 2 (2017)
Girl in the City: Chapter 3 (2018)
Ishq Messenger (2017–2021)
Japanese Wrestling Show (2007–2008)
The Khan Sisters (2011–2013)
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2008)
Kota Toppers (2015–2016)
Lagegi (2007)
Life Lafde Aur Bandiyan (2016)
Live out Loud – It’s Now or Never (2012)
Love by Chance (2014–2015)
Love Lock Up (2011)
Meri Toh Lag Gayi.... Naukri (2011)
Motorrad Cops (2007–2008)
Pyar Ka The End (2014)
Road Diaries (2016)
Selfie Wala Show (2017–2021)
Shakira - The End of Evil (2007–2008)
Sun Yaar Chill Maar (2007–2008)
Sun Yaar Try Maar (2015)
Surprise Surprise Gotcha (2007–2008)
Superdude (2011–2013)
Tere Liye Bro (2017–2018)
Tia's Request Show (2017–2021)
The Trip (2016–2018)
Tu Con Main Con (2015)
Whacked Out Sports (2007–2008)
Yeh Hai Aashiqui (2013–2016)
Zabaan Sambhalke (2007–2008)
Zindagi Wins (2015)
References
External links
Official website
Television stations in Mumbai
Hindi-language television channels in India
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2021
UTV Software Communications
Disney India Media Networks
Bindass original programming
Disney Star
Music television channels in India |
26719128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Sabec | Christopher Sabec | Christopher Sabec is an entertainment attorney, manager, and entrepreneur who has worked with Dave Matthews Band, Hanson, the Jerry Garcia Estate and Tea Leaf Green. Sabec is also the co-founder and CEO of Rightscorp, Inc., the copyright monetization company.
Career
Music management
After graduating from University of Georgia School of Law in Athens, Georgia in 1992, Sabec moved to Richmond, VA and was introduced to Dave Matthews. Later, as music attorney for Dave Mathews, Sabec assisted in negotiating Matthews' first recording contract with RCA Records and in setting up his music publishing company, Colden Grey. In 2009, Pollstar stated that Dave Matthews Band had grossed more than half a billion dollars.
In 1994, Sabec met Zac, Isaac and Taylor Hanson at the South by Southwest music conference barbecue in Austin, Texas. Sabec signed the three boys aged 8, 11 and 13 to a management contract and got them signed to Mercury Records. Their first album, Middle of Nowhere, was a Top 10 album, and the single, "MMMBop" was No. 1 for three weeks in the U.S. and also at the top of the charts in three European countries. Total worldwide sales of Middle of Nowhere have been 10 million copies.
In November 2002, Sabec was hired as chief executive of the Jerry Garcia Estate. In the 2000s, consumers went on to buy more than a million J. Garcia-brand neckties each year, and Cherry Garcia was often the top-selling brand of Ben & Jerry's ice cream. Under Sabec's management the first live release in to retail was After Midnight, a multitrack recording from Kean College, 1980. He went on to put out between three and four new releases a year from the vault of more than 500 concerts.
Speaking
Sabec was a panelist at South by Southwest Music Conference in March, 2000 and has taught music industry continuing education courses at the San Francisco Music Tech Summit.
Christopher Sabec was one of the first managers of major label artists to promote the downloading of MP3s as a promotional and marketing tool. In 1998, Christopher, was interviewed by then CEO of MP3.com, Michael Robertson, where he talked about how MP3s were going to change the music industry.
Rightscorp
Sabec was the co-founder and CEO of Rightscorp, Inc. The company acts on behalf of entertainment studios, artists, or copyright holders, sending notices to copyright infringers to offer the downloader several options for financial restitution. The notice sent provides a settlement option through Rightscorp for $20 per infringement. If the user chooses not to pay and has repeatedly violated copyright infringements, the ISP may suspend or terminate the subscriber account until a settlement is reached.
Rightscorp, Inc. went public in October 2013, trading on the OTCQB under the ticker RIHT.
Class Action Lawsuit
On November 21, 2014, Morgan Pietz of The Pietz Law Firm, together with Drew Pomerance of Roxborough, Pomerance, Nye & Adreani filed a Class action Lawsuit against Christopher Sabec, Robert Steele, and Craig Harmon, and Rightscorp, Inc. as well as various John Does.
The complaint sought class certification against Rightscorp, Inc. for violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, California's Rosenthal Act, and Abuse of process for willfully misuse of subpoena power by issuing special DMCA subpoenas, under 17 U.S.C. § 512(h).
Pietz's original plaintiff withdrew from the case and after locating replacements, half the claims were dropped. The court struck down one of two of the claims and Pietz's client was ordered to pay legal fees.
References
Living people
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Year of birth missing (living people) |
26719132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Fletcher%20%28American%20author%29 | Susan Fletcher (American author) | Susan Fletcher (born May 28, 1951) is an American writer of fiction, primarily speculative fiction for children or young adults. She was born in Pasadena, California and has worked from Wilsonville, Oregon.
Her first book was Dragon's Milk, a fantasy novel from Jean Karl Books at Atheneum in 1989. Three more Dragon Chronicles have followed, the latest in 2010.
Works
Dragon Chronicles (Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 1989–2010)
Dragon's Milk (1989)
Flight of the Dragon Kyn (1993)
Sign of the Dove (1996)
Ancient, Strange, and Lovely (2010)
The Stuttgart Nanny Mafia (Atheneum, 1991)
Shadow Spinner (1998), illus. Dave Kramer, "re-telling of Shahrazad and the Tales of the Arabian Nights"
Walk Across the Sea (2001)
Alphabet of Dreams (2006)
Dadblamed, Union Army Cow (Candlewick, 2007), picture book illustrated by Kimberly Bulcken Root
Falcon in the Glass (2013)
Shadow Spinner, Alphabet of Dreams, and Dragon's Milk have been published in German-language editions since 2002.
References
External links
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American fantasy writers
American women novelists
1951 births
Living people
Writers from Pasadena, California
American women children's writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers |
26719169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Fletcher | Susan Fletcher | Susan Fletcher may refer to:
Susan Fletcher (American author) (born 1951)
Susan Fletcher (British author) (born 1979)
Sue Fletcher, Australian molecular biologist |
26719211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbamma | Subbamma | Subbamma is an Indian name of feminine nature.
B. V. Subbamma was an indigenous scholar, Indian theologian.
Santha Kumari, birth name Vellaala Subbamma, is an Indian musical artist and film actress.
Subbamma is a local deity of Punganuru, Andhra Pradesh |
26719404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance%20Naval%20and%20Engineering%20Limited | Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited | Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited (R-Naval), formerly known as Reliance Defence & Engineering Limited and prior to that as Pipavav Shipyard Limited and Pipavav Defence & Offshore Engineering Company Limited is an Indian shipbuilding and heavy industry company headquartered in Mumbai. The shipyard is located in Pipavav, Gujarat, at a distance of 90 km South of Amreli, 15 km South of Rajula and 140 km South West of Bhavnagar. R-Naval is the first private sector company in India to obtain a license and contract to build warships. Piavav is the largest shipyard in India.
Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited is under Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process as per the provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code w.e.f. January 15, 2020. Its affairs, business and assets are being managed by Mr. Sudip Bhattacharya, Resolution Professional, appointed by NCLT Ahmadabad bench by order dated May 5, 2020.
History
Pipavav Shipyard was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of SKIL Infrastructure in 1997 at Pipavav, Gujarat. In 2005, with funding from major Indian financial institutions, the company was spun off and registered as Pipavav Shipyard Limited. Pipavav Shipyard Limited raised additional financing from a number of private equity investors in 2007. The company went public in 2009 with listings on the BSE and the NSE.
Pipavav Shipyard is the first corporate shipyard to be granted clearance to build warships and other vessels for the Indian Navy, though the initial licence limits this to up to 5 ships per year.
On March 26, 2015, the Company successfully implemented debt restructuring by raising additional debt of INR 5,500 crore resulting in total debt line in excess of INR 12,000 crore (about US$2 billion). The Company has a market capitalisation ranging between US$700 – 900 million and total enterprise value of USD 2.7 to 2.9 billion.
17.66 per cent of Pipavav was acquired by Reliance Infrastructure Limited on 5 March 2015 in a US$130 mln deal. Subsequently, Reliance Infrastructure launched an open offer to acquire additional shares to control 25.1 per cent of the Company. The open offer has been completed and Reliance Infrastructure now holds 36.5% equity in Pipavav and Anil Ambani has been appointed as the Chairman. The company was renamed to Reliance Defence and Engineering on 3 March 2016 and again renamed to Reliance Naval and Engineering Limited on 6 September 2017.
Facilities
Pipavav Shipyard is spread over . It has access to over 720 meters of exclusive waterfront. This is the largest shipyard in India.
Its dry dock is 640m length and 65m breadth, It can accommodate ships up to 400,000 tonnes DWT. Two cranes with a span of 140 meters & height of 85 meters together capable of handling up to 1200 Ton block and two Level Luffing cranes are erected to service this dry dock. To facilitate afloat fit-out and commissioning of ships, including afloat repairs, a 300–meter long quay, with the capacity for berthing on both sides, adequate draft and serviced by a Level Luffing crane. The entrance of the dry dock also has a 100-meter extension track for the Goliath cranes for unloading heavy machinery and equipment weighing up to 1200 Tons directly from ships and heavy lift barges.
Approximately 4.5 kilometres away from the dry-dock, and located on 95 hectares of land in a Special Economic Zone approved by the Government of India, a block-making facility has been set up for fabrication of hull blocks. By having located the workshops and fabrication facilities in a SEZ away from the dockyard site, it is able to reserve the maximum area of water frontage available at the shipyard site for ship assembly, offshore fabrication and ship repair activities whilst carrying out its fabrication and other similar activities through a SEZ unit. The blocks manufactured at this site are pre-outfitted to the maximum extent. This is done in the ideal working conditions offered by covered fabrication shops. When ready, the blocks are moved to the dock-side for pre-erection of mega/giga-blocks followed by lowering them on the dock floor for final assembly and vessel launching.
Products
Shipbuilding: Bulk Carrier, Platform supply vessel, Barges, Naval ships
Offshore & Engineering: Jackup rigs
Heavy Engineering: Pressure vessels
Machinery: Gantry cranes
Repairs & Conversions: merchant vessels, Naval ships, Oil Platforms, conversion of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units into Mobile Offshore Production Platforms, conversion of Mobile Offshore Production Units into Mobile Offshore Drilling Units
Achievements and orders
From 2011, till January 2015 Pipavav Shipyard delivered 6 new build Panamax Ship of length 225 metres, 5 new build Offshore supply vessels of length 59 metres and 2 new build Barges. This shipyard has repaired and delivered 6 Jackup rigs of Gross Tonnage in between the range of 6000 to 12000 Tonnes, 1 Pipe Laying and Heavy lifting Accommodation Barge, 1 Offshore supply vessel and 1 Coast Guard Ship.
In June 2010, PSL was awarded a contract to build five offshore patrol vessels for the Indian Navy.
In July 2015, Pipavav shipyard was chosen for a 'Make in India' naval frigate order. The order value exceeds more than USD 3 bn. This order is being termed as the private sector's biggest-ever warship-building project.
On 13 February 2017, Reliance Defence and Engineering Limited (RDEL) has signed the Master Ship Repair Agreement (MSRA) with the US Navy to maintain the vessels of its Seventh Fleet operating in the region, with the company estimating revenues of about Rs 15,000 crore ($2 billion) over next 3 –5 years. The Seventh Fleet’s area of responsibility includes the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean and at any given time there are roughly 140 ships and submarines, 5070 aircraft and approximately 20,000 sailors under its command. Currently, these vessels visit Singapore or Japan for such works.
Joint Venture
On 12 September 2011, it was announced that Pipavav Shipyard entered a joint venture with Mazagon Dock Limited to collaborately build warships and submarines using Pipavav's facilities. The deal will free up the congested order book of Mazagon shipyard and will give Pipavav a much needed boost in defence shipbuilding.
In February, 2014, Pipavav announced a joint venture with Atlas Elektronik to build Heavy Weight Torpedoes.
See also
List of shipbuilders and shipyards
Shipbuilding
References
External links
Official site of Reliance Defence and Engineering Limited
Shipbuilding companies of India
Manufacturing companies based in Mumbai
Shipyards of India
Indian companies established in 1997
1997 establishments in Maharashtra
Reliance Group
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange |
26719431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modhera | Modhera | Modhera is a village in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India. The town is well known for the Sun Temple of Chaulukya era. The town is located on the bank of Pushpavati river.
History
The town was known as Dharmaranya during Puranic age. It is believed that Rama had performed yagna here to cleanse the sin of killing Brahmin Ravana. He had built Modherak which was later known as Modhera.
The Sun Temple was built during the reign of Bhima I of Chaulukya dynasty in 1026-1027 (Vikram Samvat 1083). Gyaneshwari stepwell located in village belongs to 16-17th century. It has a shrine at the first pavilion of the stepwell instead of usual at the end. Modheshwari Mata Temple is located in the village.
Economy
Electricity
Modhera became the first "solar village" of India. The village meets its complete electricity requirements by a 6 MW solar plant with a 15 MWh battery energy storage system on land located from the village. A total of 1300 out of the 1600 houses in the village installed rooftop solar systems. The project cost with half financed by the Government of Gujarat and the other half by the Government of India.
See also
Modh
References
Villages in Mehsana district |
20473336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo%20at%20the%201995%20Summer%20Universiade | Judo at the 1995 Summer Universiade | The Judo competition in the 1995 Summer Universiade were held in Fukuoka, Japan from 24 August to 28 August 1995.
Medal overview
Men's event
Women's event
Results overview
Men's event
60 kg
65 kg
71 kg
78 kg
86 kg
95 kg
+95 kg
Open class
Women's event
48 kg
52 kg
56 kg
61 kg
66 kg
72 kg
+72 kg
Open class
Medal table
External links
The Organizing Committee for the Universiade 1995, Fukuoka(FUOC)
Universiade
1995
1995 Summer Universiade
Universiade 1995 |
26719478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykhailo%20Yalovy | Mykhailo Yalovy | Mykhailo Yalovy () (5 June 1895 – 3 November 1937), also known under the his pen name Yulian Shpol, was a Ukrainian communist poet-futurist, prose writer and playwright. He is considered to be one of the leading figures of the Executed Renaissance.
Brief biography
Early years and the Revolution
Yalovy was born in 1895 in the village of Dar-Nadezhda, Kostiantynhrad uyezd, in the Poltava Governorate (today Kharkiv Oblast), into the family of a volost scribe. He had two brothers Kostiantyn and Hryhoriy. He obtained his general education in Myrhorod gymnasium in 1916. After that he enrolled in the Medical Department of the Kiev University of Saint Vladimir. There he completely dove into revolutionary activity, becoming a member of the socialist-revolutionaries ("Esery" or "SR"), one of the most influential parties of the time.
After the beginning of the February Revolution he returned to Kostiantynhrad (today Krasnohrad), where he headed a revolutionary committee. Later he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Kostiantynhrad Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies.
After the left wing of Esery split away in 1918 as a separate party of Borotbists he became their one of the most well-known members. He took an active part in the group's newspapers Borotba (Struggle) and Selianska bidnota (Poor peasantry), serving as director of the latter paper. About the same time he also worked as a chief editor of Peasant and Worker, the newspaper produced by the instructional-agitation train of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee under the leadership of Grigory Petrovsky.
He conducted active underground work in Odessa and Kherson region, where he organized resistance against the German occupational forces and those loyal to the Second Hetmanate led by Hetman of the Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadskyi. In 1919 he visited Halychyna as part of a Borotbist delegation.
Creative work and activism
In 1920 Yalovy joined the CPU(b). For some time he was located in Moscow as a representative of the Ukrainian government. In 1921, together with Mykahilo Symenko and Vasyl Aleshko, he created the Strike group of poet-futurists in Kharkiv. Together with Oleksa Slisarenko and Mykola Bazhan Yalovy became a member of Hart in 1925, later the same year with several members of Hart he created VAPLITE, becoming its president.
In 1926 Yalovy published an article Saint-Petersburg's kholuystvo (kholuystvo is a derogatory Russian word for ignorance) in the defense of the national Ukrainian culture that was triggered by another article of the Leningrad magazine Zhyzn isskustva (#14), Self-determination or chauvinism?. On 20 November 1926 he was dismissed, together with Mykola Khvylovy, from the editorial board of Chervony Shliakh by the order of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (bilshovyks). Later he, Dosvitny, and Khvyliovy left VAPLITE in order to save the organization, but in the end it was forced to dissolve.
Arrest and imprisonment
Mykhailo Yalovy was arrested on the night of 12–13 May 1933 during the search of his apartment by the agents of the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR.
On 31 May 1933 he was expelled from the CPU(b) on the grounds that he had infiltrated its ranks with the aim of creating a counter-revolutionary fascist organization that had the goal of overthrowing the Soviet government. Yalovy was accused of spying for the Polish consulate, of Shumskism (support for Ukrainian autonomy and Ukrainizaton associated with Alexander Shumsky, and of preparing to assassinate Pavel Postyshev, the first secretary of the CPU(b). He refused to plead guilty to these crimes.
Yalovy was sentenced to ten years in labor camps (ITL, part of the GULAG).
Execution, burial and rehabilitation
A few years later, during the Great Purges, Yavlovy was summarily sentenced on 9 October 1937 at a session of the extrajudicial special NKVD troika of the Leningrad Oblast to be shot at one of the killing field-burial grounds in Karelia. The execution, a bullet to the back of the head in front of an already dug trench, took place a few weeks later on 3 November 1937 in Svirlag OGPU (Lodeynoye Pole). New data indicate that Yavlovy's final resting place may be among the thousands shot and buried at Sandarmokh near Medvezhyegorsk.
After Stalin's death, Yavlovy and the many thousands of other victims condemned to death by the extrajudicial troikas were rehabilitated. On 19 June 1957, the conviction was annulled by the Military tribunal of the Leningrad Military District (LVO) due to the "lack of a crime".
In December 2022 the Fyodor Tolbukhin lane in Kyiv, Ukraine was renamed to Mykhailo Yalovy lane.
See also
Chervony Shliakh
Works
Need to be chewed out. — 1920.
(Collection of poetry) Tops. — Kyiv—Moscow—Berlin: Golfshtrem, 1923.
(Comedy) Cathy's love, or construction propaganda. — Kharkiv, 1928.
-+** (Novel) Golden Fox-kits. — Kharkiv: Knyhospilka, 1929. (II ed. — Kharkiv: Knyhospilka, 1930.)
Selected works / Organization, foreword, footnotes, and commentaries of Oleksandr Ushlakov. — Kyiv: Smoloskyp, 2007. ()
Bibliography
Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies (10 volumes) / Chief editor Volodymyr Kubiyovych. — Paris, New-York: Molode Zhyttia, 1954–1989.
Maystrenko, Ivan. History of my generation. Memoirs of a participant of revolutionary activities in Ukraine. — Edmonton, 1985.
Ushlakov, Oleksandr. Greetings, Yulian Shpol! («Драстуй, Юліане Шпол!») // Yulian Shpol. Selected works. — Kyiv: Smoloskyp, 2007.
References
External links
Golden fox-kits at University of Toronto website
Biography at the website Ukrainian life in Sevastopol
Biography at the website Library of the Ukrainian literature
1895 births
1937 deaths
People from Kharkiv Oblast
People from Poltava Governorate
Ukrainian communists
Ukrainian poets
Futurist writers
Great Purge victims from Ukraine
Soviet rehabilitations |
20473357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6lunda%20Specialist%20Hospital | Frölunda Specialist Hospital | Frölunda specialist hospital () is located in Frölunda, right next to Frölunda torg, approximately nine kilometres south-west of central Gothenburg. The hospital primarily operate with elective care, with specialist in otolaryngology, neurology, gynaecology, orthopedic surgery, medicine, dermatology, ophthalmology, surgery, and radiography. The hospital was inaugurated in 1968 as a local hospital for people living in Tynnered, Frölunda, and Älvsborg. Today, 190 people work at the hospital which is owned by Västra Götaland Regional Council.
The 17-storey building is high. The hospital occupies the bottom five floors; the rest are residential.
Hospital buildings completed in 1968
Hospitals in Gothenburg
Hospitals established in 1968
1968 establishments in Sweden |
23576558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/84th%20Academy%20Awards | 84th Academy Awards | The 84th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26, 2012, at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer, with Mischer also serving as director. Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004.
On June 14, 2011, academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that, in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards, the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results, as opposed to a set number of nominees. In related events, the academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12, 2011. On February 11, 2012, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich.
The Artist won five awards, including Best Picture. Other winners included Hugo with five awards, The Iron Lady with two awards, and Beginners, The Descendants, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Help, Midnight in Paris, The Muppets, Rango, Saving Face, A Separation, The Shore, and Undefeated with one. The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States.
Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 84th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2012, at 5:38 a.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the academy, and the actress Jennifer Lawrence. Hugo led all nominees with eleven nominations; The Artist came in second with ten.
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black-and-white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars.<ref name="Chicago Tribune Oscar"
Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().
Honorary Academy Awards
The academy held its 3rd Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12, 2011, during which the following awards were presented.
Academy Honorary Award
James Earl Jones For his legacy of consistent excellence and uncommon versatility.
Dick Smith For his unparalleled mastery of texture, shade, form, and illusion.
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
Oprah Winfrey
Films with multiple nominations and awards
The following 18 films received multiple nominations:
The following three films received multiple awards:
Presenters and performers
The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.
Presenters
Performers
Ceremony information
Because of the declining viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. In light of the previous year's telecast, whose performance by co-hosts James Franco and Anne Hathaway yielded critically negative reviews and a 9% decline in viewership, many within the Motion Picture Academy proposed new ways to give the awards a more populist appeal. After a two-year experiment with ten Best Pictures nominees, AMPAS president Tom Sherak announced that the number of final nominees can now range from five to ten as opposed a fixed number. The nomination voting process would be the same as before, through preferential balloting, but now only films that receive a minimum of 5% of total number-one votes are eligible for Best Picture nominations. Academy then-executive director Bruce Davis explained, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number." Changes in the Best Animated Feature also were announced. In response to the growing number of animated features released per year, the academy stated in a press release that four to five films would now be nominated per year contingent on how many animated feature films were released in that year.
Originally, the academy selected director Brett Ratner as co-producer of the ceremony with Don Mischer in August 2011. Actor and comedian Eddie Murphy was hired by Ratner to preside over hosting duties. However, after commenting to radio host Howard Stern during an interview promoting the film Tower Heist that "rehearsal is for fags" and disparaging remarks about actress Olivia Munn, Ratner resigned from his co-producing duties on November 8. Murphy subsequently stepped down as host the following day. Immediately, the academy selected film producer Brian Grazer to replace Ratner as co-producer. Actor and veteran Oscar emcee Billy Crystal was recruited by Grazer to take over hosting duties.
Multiple others participated in the production of the ceremony. Musicians Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams composed new music exclusive to the Oscars ceremony, which was later released as an album via the iTunes Store. Oscar-winning production designer John Myhre designed a new stage for the ceremony. Director Bennett Miller filmed several vignettes featuring actors discussing movie memories and the business of filmmaking. Cirque du Soleil, who was concurrently renting the Hollywood and Highland Center for their show Iris, performed a dance number at the ceremony inspired by their aforementioned show. Unlike most Oscar ceremonies, however, Grazer and Mischer announced that neither of the two songs nominated for Best Original Song would be performed live.
Box office performance of nominated films
For the first time since 2008, only one of the nominees for Best Picture had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced (compared with three from the previous year). The combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $518 million with an average gross of $57.7 million per film.
None of the nine Best Picture nominees was among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. When the nominations were announced on January 24, 2012, The Help was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $169.6 million in domestic box office receipts. Among the remaining eight nominees, Moneyball was the second-highest-grossing film with $75.5 million; this was followed by War Horse ($72.3 million), Midnight in Paris ($56.4 million), Hugo ($55.9 million), The Descendants ($51.3 million), The Tree of Life ($13.3 million), The Artist ($12.1 million) and Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close ($10.7 million).
Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only The Help (13th), Bridesmaids (14th), Kung Fu Panda 2 (15th), Puss in Boots (16th), Rango (22nd), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (28th), Moneyball (43rd), and War Horse (46th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (1st), Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2nd), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (11th), Rio (18th), The Muppets (34th), Real Steel (35th), and The Adventures of Tintin (47th).
Critical reviews
The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Television critic Lori Rackl of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized Crystal's performance saying that the emcee "left his A game at home Sunday. Crystal's mediocre monologue was consistent with a mediocre 84th installment of Hollywood's biggest awards ceremony. Columnist Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter quipped that "Somewhere, against all odds, James Franco is buying drinks for everybody." He went on to say that the previous year's critically panned telecast was eclipsed by Crystal's dull antics and that the show itself was "poorly paced as any in recent memory." Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times lamented, "The whole night looked like an AARP pep rally." She also noted that, "For a town that prides itself on tinsel and titillation, the night was pretty tame."
Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly commented that despite the ceremony running over three hours and honoring films that had earned modest box office numbers, "it was a jolly good show." He also praised the cast and several sketches and segments from the show. Film critic Roger Ebert lauded Crystal's performance saying "As probably the most popular Oscar emcee, he astonished the audience by topping himself." Of the show itself, Ebert added that it was "an unqualified improvement" over the previous year's ceremony. Associated Press critic Frazier Moore pointed out that Crystal's performance "was nothing new or unexpected in his act", but he extolled him for stewarding "a sleek and entertaining Oscarcast."
Ratings and reception
The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 39.46 million people over its length, which was a 4% increase from the previous year's ceremony. An estimated 76.56 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards. The show also earned higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 23.91% of households watching over a 37.64 share. However the program scored a sightly lower 18-49 demo rating with an 11.67 rating over a 32.68 share among viewers in that demographic, essentially flat with last year's numbers. Many media outlets pointed out that the 54th Grammy Awards held two weeks earlier drew a larger audience with an average 39.92 million people watching.
In July 2012, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmys. Two months later, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special (Paul Sandweiss, Tommy Vicari, Pablo Munguia, Kristian Pedregon, Bob La Masney, Brian Riordan, Thomas Pesa, Michael Parker, Josh Morton, Patrick Baltzell, Larry Reed, and John Perez).
In Memoriam
The annual In Memoriam tribute, was presented by host Billy Crystal. Singer Esperanza Spalding performed the Louis Armstrong song "What a Wonderful World" alongside the Southern California Children's Chorus during the tribute.
Jane Russell – Actress
Annie Girardot – Actress
John Calley – Executive producer
Polly Platt – Production designer, producer
Ken Russell – Producer, writer, actor
Donald Peterman – Cinemagrapher
Farley Granger – Actor
Whitney Houston – Actress, singer
Bingham Ray – Executive
Takuo Miyagishima – Design engineer
Bert Schneider – Producer
Michael Cacoyannis – Director, writer, producer
David Z. Goodman – Writer
James Rodnunsky – Engineer
Peter E. Berger – Film editor
Jack J. Hayes – Composer, arranger
Peter Falk – Actor
Cliff Robertson – Actor
Laura Ziskin – Producer, humanitarian
Sidney Lumet – Director, producer, screenwriter
Sue Mengers – Talent agent
Steve Jobs – Executive
George Kuchar – Experimental filmmaker
Hal Kanter – Writer, director
Theadora Van Runkle – Costume designer
Tim Hetherington – Documentarian
Gene Cantamessa – Sound
Gary Winick – Director, producer
Bill Varney – Sound mixer
Jackie Cooper – Actor, director
Gilbert Cates – Director, producer
Richard Leacock – Documentarian
James M. Roberts – Academy executive director
Marion Dougherty – Casting director
Norman Corwin – Writer, producer
Paul John Haggar – Post production executive
Joseph Farell – Marketing research
Ben Gazzara – Actor, director
Elizabeth Taylor – Actress
See also
18th Screen Actors Guild Awards
32nd Golden Raspberry Awards
32nd Brit Awards
54th Grammy Awards
64th Primetime Emmy Awards
65th British Academy Film Awards
36th Laurence Olivier Awards
66th Tony Awards
69th Golden Globe Awards
List of submissions to the 84th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Notes
aKodak ended its naming rights deal prior to the ceremony, and was temporarily renamed "Hollywood and Highland Center" for the ceremony. The theater was later named Dolby Theatre on May 1, 2012.
b:If the color sequences in Schindler's List are taken into consideration, The Artist becomes the first completely black-and-white film to win Best Picture since 1960's The Apartment.
c:In July 2012, the academy revoked the Best Live Action Short Film nomination for Tuba Atlantic after the organization learned that the film was broadcast on television in 2010.
References
External links
Official websites
Academy Awards Official website
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website
Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)
News resources
Oscars 2012 BBC News
Oscars Hub 2012 Empire
Oscars 2012 The Guardian
Analysis
2011 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite
Academy Awards, USA: 2012 Internet Movie Database
Other resources
84th Academy Awards show – slideshow by The Indianapolis Star
2011 film awards
2012 awards in the United States
2012 in American cinema
2012 in Los Angeles
Academy Awards ceremonies
February 2012 events in the United States
Television shows directed by Don Mischer |
26719518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndiaFirst%20Life%20Insurance%20Company | IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company | IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company is a joint venture of India's public sector banks (Bank of Baroda (. The company has paid-up share capital of 663 crore.
It was incorporated in November 2009 and is headquartered in Mumbai. It recorded more than INR 2 billion in turnover in just four and a half months since the insurance company became operational.
Business model
IndiaFirst Life Insurance follows the "Bancassurance" (Bank Insurance Model) which uses the existing customer base of the promoter banks. As of June 2021, the company has more than 3100 employees.
Financials
The company ended FY20 with INR 3,360 crore worth of total premiums collected and AUM of Rs 14,723 crore. The company has had a CAGR of 40% in the last five years in Individual New Business APE, as compared to Life Insurance Industry growth of 12% CAGR during the same period. The life insurance company has reported a 25% growth in individual New Business (NB) Annual Premium Equivalent (APE) in Financial Year (FY) 2019-20. IndiaFirst Life grew at 5.2 times the private industry growth rate of 5% and at 4.0 times the overall industry growth rate of 6% (including LIC). For the month of March 2020, IndiaFirst Life ranked 10th in the private sector in Individual NB APE and ranked 12th in the private sector for FY 2020. It also observed a claim settlement ratio of 98.56%, supported over 13800 families and paid claims in excess of INR 346.82 crore. Paid group claims in excess of INR 1056.5 crores (includes PMJJBY).
Sale of stake
In June 2018, one of the original founders, Legal & General, sold its stake to private equity firm, Warburg Pincus for Rs 7.1 Billion. Other stakeholders include General Atlantic, Ergo International AG, Manulife Financial Corp, and Canadian billionaire, Prem Watsa’s Fairfax. Legal & General sold its stake as it was restructuring its business in the UK and the US markets. In November 2018, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority gave its in-principle approval to IndiaFirst Life Insurance for the stake sale from Legal & General to Warburg Pincus. In February 2019, another promoter, Andhra Bank, announced plans to sell its 30% stake for ₹ 9 Billion.
History
IndiaFirst Life Insurance was incorporated by Bank of Baroda, Andhra Bank (now Union Bank of India), and Legal & General in 2009. Legal & General later sold its stake to Carmel Point Investment India Private Limited, a corporation incorporated under the laws of Mauritius and owned by private equity funds managed by Warburg Pincus LLC.
This company was the first one in the history of IndiaFirst Life Insurance, wherein a private equity fund has taken an interest in a life insurance company.
In April 2020, a merger took place between Andhra Bank with the Union Bank of India. It changed the shareholding pattern of IndiaFirst Life Insurance to Bank of Baroda (44%), Union Bank of India (30%) and Carmel Point Investments India Private Limited (26%).
Management
The MD & CEO of the company is R. M. Vishakha and Deputy CEO is Rushabh Gandhi.
Products
IndiaFirst Life offers a diverse series of 31 need-based products (), catering to varied customer segments, leveraging multiple distribution capabilities, and augmenting various investment options.
References
Life insurance companies of India
Bank of Baroda
Financial services companies established in 2009
Financial services companies based in Mumbai
Warburg Pincus companies
Indian companies established in 2009
2009 establishments in Maharashtra |
20473372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile%20Gallez | Cécile Gallez | Cécile Gallez (16 May 1936 – 31 July 2022) was a French politician who was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented the Nord department as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1936 births
2022 deaths
People from Nord (French department)
Members of Parliament for Nord
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
Women mayors of places in France
French pharmacists |
26719573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Smelczy%C5%84ski | Adam Smelczyński | Adam Smelczyński (14 September 1930 – 14 June 2021) was a Polish trap shooter who competed at six Olympics between 1956 and 1976, winning one silver medal in 1956. He was born in Częstochowa, Poland.
Along with Bill McMillan, he was the second shooter to compete at six Olympics, after Frans Lafortune (the Theofilakis brothers Alexandros and Ioannis competed at six Olympics only if the unofficial 1906 Games are counted). He came third in trap shooting at the World Championships in 1967. He won the European trap shooting championships in 1972 and 1976, and came third in 1974 and 1975.
See also
List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games
References
External links
1930 births
2021 deaths
Polish male sport shooters
Trap and double trap shooters
Shooters at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic shooters of Poland
Olympic silver medalists for Poland
Sportspeople from Częstochowa
Sportspeople from Silesian Voivodeship
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in shooting |
20473383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9leste%20Lett | Céleste Lett | Céleste Lett (born May 7, 1951 in Sarreguemines, Moselle) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Moselle department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
He has three sons: Jean-Francois, Philippe, and Alexandre.
References
1951 births
Living people
People from Sarreguemines
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
26719620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewang%20dance | Sewang dance | Sewang is a traditional dance performed by the aboriginal Orang Asli people of Malaysia. Originally the dance was performed for funeral, for thanksgiving, or to treat the sick or wounded, and now it is also used to entertain foreign travelers. It involves dancing in a circle to music produced from bamboo.
References
Orang Asli
Malaysian culture |
17336032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato%20cannon | Potato cannon | A potato cannon is a pipe-based cannon that uses air pressure (pneumatic), or combustion of a flammable gas (aerosol, propane, etc.), to launch projectiles at high speeds. They are built to fire chunks of potato, as a hobby, or to fire other sorts of projectiles, for practical use. Projectiles or failing guns can be dangerous and result in life-threatening injuries, including cranial fractures, enucleation, and blindness if a person is hit.
The potato cannon can trace its origin to the World War II-era Holman Projector, which was a shipboard anti-aircraft weapon.
Launcher types
All spud guns propel projectiles down their barrels using pressurised gas in the same manner as a firearm (although at a much lower pressure). There are four basic ways that spud guns may achieve this:
By the combustion of a gaseous fuel-air mixture; this is generally called a combustion launcher, and its pressure is limited primarily by the energy density of the fuel-air mixture (less than with all safe fuels).
By the release of compressed gas (normally air) through a valve; such a launcher is typically referred to as a pneumatic launcher, and its power is limited primarily by the pressure of the air supply, be that from a compressor, manual pump or bottled gas.
By the explosion of a dry ice bomb placed in the pipe before the projectile, generally referred to as a dry ice bomb cannon, these are limited in power by the materials and size of the dry ice bomb but firing pressures can be around .
By the combustion of a pre-pressurised fuel-air mixture; this is called a hybrid launcher, and yields higher pressures than that of a normal combustion spud gun, limited only by the construction of the launcher (generally a few hundred pounds-force per square inch).
Combustion launchers
Combustion powered spud guns typically have the least complex designs, the four basic elements of which are:
A fuel system
A combustion chamber
An ignition source
A barrel
In order to fire, the operator loads a projectile into the barrel, adds fuel to the combustion chamber (for example aerosols or propane), and triggers the ignition source (often using a piezoelectric barbecue igniter). The fuel then ignites, creating hot expanding gases, and forcing the projectile out of the barrel. Distances vary greatly depending on many factors, including the type of fuel used, the efficiency of the fuel/air ratio, the combustion chamber/barrel ratio, and the flight characteristics of the projectile. Common distances vary from 100 to 200 meters, and there is a reported case of a cannon exceeding 500 meters of range.
Advanced combustion launchers may include metered propane or calcium carbide (acetylene) injection to ensure proper fueling, chamber fans to mix the fuel with the air and accelerate venting of the chamber after firing, multiple spark gaps (spark strips) to decrease combustion time, and high-voltage ignition sources (flyback circuits, stun guns, camera flashes, etc.).
Combustion launchers are usually less powerful than their pneumatic or hybrid counterparts, especially when hairspray / alcohol is used as a propellant. Bottled oxygen can be added to the firing chamber, though this can cause an explosion of the pipe when firing, potentially injuring anyone nearby.
Pneumatic launchers
Pneumatic launchers are considered a little more difficult to build due to the need of a completely airtight construction. These cannons have four basic components:
A filling valve
An air chamber
A pressure release valve
A barrel
In a pneumatic spud gun, air is pumped into the pressure chamber. After the desired chamber pressure is reached, the pressure release valve is opened, allowing the gas to expand down the barrel, propelling the projectile forwards.
The filling valve is usually a commonly available type such as a Schrader or Presta valve but other assemblies to pressurise the cannon such as quick release connections with ball or check valves have been used.
The pressure release valve is often one of a variety of commercially available types such as a plumbing ball valve, an irrigation sprinkler valve or a quick exhaust valve. Experienced builders often make their own valves for this purpose to gain greater flow and faster actuation. The most common custom design used is the piston valve. Multiple valves arranged to be triggered together are occasionally used as an alternative to a single larger valve.
The range of pneumatic cannons is more variable than the range of combustion spud guns due to the increased variation possible in the components. Typical ranges are slightly higher because of the greater power, but the maximum range of some high power pneumatic cannons has been said to be over .
Pneumatic spud guns are generally more powerful than combustion spud guns. A typical combustion gun generates average chamber pressures of about with peaks of around , while the average pneumatic gun can operate at pressures in the vicinity of . In recent times, it has become increasingly common for metal pneumatic launchers to use even higher pressures, sometimes up to or higher.
Dry ice launchers
A dry ice cannon uses the sublimation of solid carbon dioxide to generate the gas pressure to propel a projectile and is a variation of the burst disk cannon.
The oldest examples simply involve dropping pieces of dry ice into a tube closed at one end and sealing the other end by jamming the projectile in. When the pressure of the carbon dioxide from the subliming dry ice builds high enough, the projectile will be blown out of the tube. The pressures of such devices are not very high as it only needs to build enough to overcome the static friction of the projectile jammed in the barrel. Tens of psi is most likely. The range is likely restricted to 100- yards.
A more modern example is the dry ice bomb launcher. A plastic bottle containing water has some dry ice added and is quickly sealed and dropped down a tube closed at one end. A projectile is inserted in after it. The water accelerates the sublimation of the dry ice and the pressure from the carbon dioxide gas produced eventually ruptures the plastic bottle and launches the projectile. The rupturing pressure of a 0.5 L plastic soda bottle is between in the open air but when confined in a pipe, it could be higher.
Due to the operation of a dry ice bomb cannon extra safety issues are present:
The dry ice bomb used for propulsion can achieve bursting pressure in a matter of seconds to hours depending on the quantity of water and dry ice. If too little dry ice, it also may not achieve bursting pressure at all. These timing issues can cause belief that the cannon has failed to fire but attempting to unload the cannon may then provide the extra stress on the bottle needed for it to rupture.
The piping and any reinforcement may be insufficiently strong for the high pressure spike when the dry ice bomb explodes and consequently rupture.
The recoil of such cannons can be very great due to the high pressure combined with the large internal diameter piping needed for the bottles (5–9 cm; 2–3½ in) resulting in them being ill-suited for hand held firing.
Compared to the operation of other spud guns, dry ice bomb cannons are similar in firing principle to a light-gas gun of the pneumatic type; the plastic bottle performing the task of the burst disk albeit in a less controlled manner.
Another means of utilising dry ice in spud guns is to use the sublimation of dry ice to create substantial pressure behind a valve, and placing a barrel on the other side of that valve with a projectile loaded into it. Pressures behind the valve can reach upwards of , and by quickly releasing the valve, the projectile can be launched. Whilst this method is more controllable and in many means safer than utilising a soda bottle as a burst disk (provided pressure rated valves and piping are used), it is limited in that quick release valves, such as ball valves, are generally not bigger in diameter than 1 or 2 inches. Additionally, they cannot be opened as rapidly as a soda bottle will rupture, and consequently there is less immediate airflow. However, this is offset by the fact that such a design can operate at more than double the pressure of a typical dry ice bomb launcher, as soda bottles will rupture at only .
Hybrid launchers
A hybrid launcher consists of seven basic elements:
A fuel system (usually metered propane)
An air filling valve (see pneumatic launchers)
One or more pressure gauges
A high-pressure combustion chamber
A pressure-triggered main valve (burst disk)
A barrel
An ignition source (see combustion launchers)
A hybrid combines principles of combustion and pneumatic spud gun. It uses a pre-pressurised mixture of fuel and air to get more power out of a given chamber volume.
In order to fire, the operator first readies the pressure-triggered valve then injects several times the normal amount of fuel and appropriately more air. When the ignition source is triggered, the pressure from the combustion causes the main valve to open and propels the projectile out of the barrel with the released combustion gases. The hybrid is capable of higher velocities than a combustion or pneumatic spud gun because the pressure generated is higher than that in a combustion gun (for most fuels), and the shock wave moves faster than it can in a pneumatic (for most gases), due to the higher temperature. Projectiles fired by a hybrid have broken the sound barrier.
A hybrid using a fuel and air mix at twice atmospheric pressure is said to be using a 2X mix. Higher mixtures can be used and will produce even higher pressures. The fuel and air need to be measured and matched carefully to ensure reliable operation; hence the use of accurate air pressure gauges and fuel meters.
Vacuum cannons
Vacuum cannons differ from typical pneumatic cannons in that they apply a negative pressure to the front of the projectile in order to "pull" it out of the barrel. They typically fire light projectiles and do not have any practical applications outside of demonstrating air pressure theory.
Primary materials
Plastics
PVC-U (Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized): Highly popular due to its availability and relatively low cost. PVC pipes are available in a wide variety of sizes and pressure ratings. In industry, however, they are illegal for compressed air applications—if they are damaged under pressure the plastic can fail explosively. PVC should not be used in this application without extensive experience and understanding of the forces at play.
ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene): Another popular plastic piping material, more expensive and less common than PVC but available in the same sizes and pressure ratings. Unlike PVC it is used in compressed air systems as it splits rather than shatters on failure. It also has a greater temperature tolerance (−40 °C to +80 °C, or −40 to 175 °F) compared to 0 °C to +60 °C or 30 to 140 °F for PVC).
Both PVC and ABS piping are also available in forms that are not pressure rated. The use of unrated plastic piping and fittings is a common source of cannon failure and poses a much greater risk to a cannon operator.
Metals
Steel: The very high-pressure rating of steel piping makes it a familiar sight on high-powered hybrid cannons. It is however much more expensive than any other common piping material. The extra weight and joining difficulties are also a consideration.
Copper: As a common plumbing material, copper pipes and associated fittings are readily available. They have higher pressure ratings and flow compared to similar plastic piping. The drawbacks are that copper is heavier, and up to four times the cost of PVC or ABS pipes of similar external diameters.
Aluminium: Aluminium is a lightweight metal with good corrosion resistance. Aluminium pipes are sometimes used as barrels on spud guns on their own and machined aluminium is a popular material for particularly unique designs.
Brass: Often brass fittings are used on spud guns for small parts of the construction like fuel systems, because it is one of the most common materials for small pipe fittings. Occasionally large parts of spud guns are machined entirely out of brass.
Valve types
Manual
Ball Valve: Made out of either plastic or metal, ball valves are considered inferior by many enthusiasts due to their slow opening times. For those on a tight budget or in low-power setups, ball valves are ideal. Some choose to modify their valves by attaching a pneumatic actuator or spring to achieve a faster opening speed.
Blowgun: A blowgun is a small handheld device used to blow away debris from a work area and is designed to be used attached to a compressed air line. It uses a sprung poppet valve operated by a lever to allow air through its body and out through a specially shaped nozzle. In spudgunning, it’s used to pilot larger valves—releasing a small volume of air to allow a piston or diaphragm to fly back and release a much larger volume of air into the barrel. It is also used as the primary valve for small cannons that fire airsoft pellets and so do not require high airflow. Blowguns can be modified to increase airflow.
Electric
Sprinkler valve (otherwise known as a solenoid valve): The use of irrigation sprinkler valves as pneumatic valves has become increasingly popular for spudgunning. These valves are intended to be electrically triggered causing a solenoid to depressurise a diaphragm and allow airflow through. It is also possible to remove the solenoid and, instead, to actuate the valve manually with a blowgun to depressurise the diaphragm. Such modifications allow the valve to open as much as 3 to 5 times faster.
Pneumatic
Diaphragm valve: A diaphragm valve is used in pneumatic cannons where the barrel is within the air chamber. It is a disk of flexible material mounted directly behind the barrel that seals it when pressure is increased behind the disk. The design is such that air leaks past the diaphragm from behind it to the chamber around the barrel, sealing the soft rubber against the butt of the barrel. Once the chamber is fully pressurised the compressed air behind the diaphragm is quickly vented, causing the centre of the diaphragm to flex backwards, exposing the butt of the barrel to the compressed air inside the chamber, which rapidly exhausts through the barrel, launching the projectile. Sprinkler valves have also been modified to act in the same manner a diaphragm valve operates; changing the triggering of the valve to a release of air controlled by a blowgun valve, rather than electronically.
Piston valve: The gold standard of pneumatic spudgunning is the piston valve, due to its extremely high rate of flow and opening speed. It works in an almost identical fashion to a diaphragm valve but replaces the flexible diaphragm with a hard rubber-faced piston. The valve opening is generally as wide as or wider than the barrel diameter, so there is very little constriction of airflow. Piston valves also open much faster than either ball or solenoid valves. However, construction of this type of valve is inherently complex, and some choose to order pre-built valves through the internet.
Quick Exhaust Valve (QEV): a commercial piston or diaphragm valve in a metal body intended for the quick venting of pneumatic cylinders. In spudgunning they are ideal barrel sealing valves with faster opening times than custom piston valves and high flow rates. They can be commonly found in sizes from ⅛ inch to 1½ inches (3–40 mm) and sometimes even larger models. It provides an easy option for inexperienced spud-gun builders but the cost is usually greater than for any other valve type.
The Quick Dump Valve is a recent addition to the choices of valves for spudding. A QDV is a spool valve that is balanced under pressure with one end of the spool oriented toward the barrel. The spool is manually unbalanced allowing pressure between the end of the spool and the projectile in the barrel. The air pressure then forces the spool back and the projectile forward. Since the valve is triggered with no pilot pressure, the valve snaps open with no pilot pressure to hinder it. Currently it is not commercially for sale and must be hand built by the hobbyist like most piston valves.
Burst Disk Valve: Used in a few pneumatics but primarily in hybrid cannons, burst valves are considered the ideal pressure release mechanism as they allow an unobstructed flow of high pressure air. Burst disks have no moving parts, making them very reliable. They are very appealing for hybrid cannons because they can withstand the low pressure gas mix in the chamber before ignition, yet fail as planned upon successful ignition. The high pressure combustion gases are released into the barrel at a rate which generates greater velocities than a mechanical valve could allow. Pneumatic cannon burst discs work similarly. The disc and projectile are loaded, and the chamber is pressurised until the disc ruptures. Unfortunately, this usually does not give the operators much in the way of control over timing, although a puncturing mechanism can be used. Burst disks are of no specific material and may consist of plastic or thin sheet metal or foil.
Alternate designs have also been used which use a sharp projectile to puncture the burst disk, like a mortar or using a manual puncturing device to trigger failure of the disk. These allow total control over burst disk cannons without the need for hybrid technology and materials as simple as plastic tape can be used for the disk.
Burst disk cannons have also been made which are fired electrically, using a nichrome wire to trigger failure by heating.
Connections
Welding, soldering and gluing
Solvent welding: used for similar plastic connections using solvent fittings, the solvent temporarily dissolves the polymer chains of the plastic and the parts to be joined are brought together. On rehardening, the polymer chains from each part are entangled and so form a solid weld.
Metal welding: used to form strong joints between similar metals by melting the points of connection together. It is an uncommon process in spudgun construction due to the equipment necessary to make the welds.
Soldering: commonly used in the construction of copper pipe based spudguns, a solder with a lower melting point than the copper is melted and drawn into the gaps between pipe and fitting with capillary action, holding to pipe and fitting with a wetting action before hardening.
Gluing: the use of epoxy resin in small designs is common for the making of custom parts but it is rare to see glues used for structural connections. Epoxy resin is mostly used in applications where normal fittings would limit the possibilities.
Duct tape: sometimes used in simple cannons, it is unsuitable for sealing any significant pneumatic pressure and if used on a combustion cannon the heat produced can soften the adhesive and melt the tape, greatly weakening any seal or joint it creates.
Mechanical joints
Compression Fittings: primarily seen on copper pipe spudguns, the compression fitting squeezes a metal ring against the pipe between a nut and the fitting body to form the connection. Easier than solder fittings and requiring only a spanner they are much more expensive and are of greater weight.
Threaded Fittings: commonly available in BSP or NPT (not interchangeable) they generally require a fitting attached to a pipe by other means to allow screwing into another threaded fitting. The exception to this is steel pipe, the ends of which can have the appropriate thread cut into them.
Flange joints: on large steel spudguns, pipe and fittings are sometimes bolted together by means of flanges with a gasket sandwiched between them to provide an airtight joint.
Cam Locks: on spudguns with interchangeable barrels a cam lock is sometimes used to connect barrels to the cannon as it provides a quick and simple solution to switching barrels. Two levers either side of the socket side of the fitting rotate internal cams to lock in or release the plug side of the fitting to which a barrel is attached.
The sound barrier
It is rare for a spud gun to be powerful enough to break the sound barrier, although there are some cases of this happening using specialized designs. The spud guns used are typically hybrids; but some pneumatic cannons have achieved the feat, either by using a special low-density gas, such as helium, or high pressures combined with a fast valve. There is also one reported case of a combustion design achieving super-sonic velocities.
The difficulty in breaking the barrier arises from the speed of the particles within the gas. The projectile cannot travel faster than the gas particles, which are limited to travel at the speed of sound. The problem is solved by increasing the speed of the particles, either by:
Using lighter molecules, as occurs when helium is used in a pneumatic.
Heating the gases to far higher temperatures, and thus giving them more energy. This allows hybrids and combustions to achieve supersonic velocities.
Using steel and much higher pressures of or more, but achieving these pressures is difficult. CO2 gas, although it can reach these pressures, is not suitable due to its high density.
Supersonic velocities may theoretically be attained by pneumatics with a sufficiently large "dead space" between the main valve and projectile. The incoming air can raise the pressure rapidly in this dead space, creating high temperatures sometimes sufficient to achieve supersonic velocities. This particular effect has not yet been successfully used, but has been discussed, as both adiabatic and shock heating are documented phenomena in gases.
The highest projectile speed recorded from a spud gun is (approximately 2.7 times the speed of sound) with a 20 mm plastic slug from a hybrid using a pre-ignition mixture of air and propane.
Supersonic velocities have been obtained using the related vacuum bazooka with a de Laval nozzle. This also relies on significantly lowering the density of the gas.
Practical uses
Although spudguns are created and used for the purpose of recreation there are other devices which work on identical principles in many other fields with more serious uses.
Entertainment
Promotional sports cannons: Portable pneumatic cannons which run on bottled CO2 are common at large sports games in the U.S. where they are used to project items such as T-shirts or wrapped food into the audience. Such cannons can be dangerous: the Phillie Phanatic injured a fan with a hot dog cannon in June 2018. Such "air cannons", as they are often called, tend to be made of higher-quality materials than an average pneumatic spudgun, but they use the same methods of operation.
Special effects cannons: In film and theatre productions, pneumatic cannons (such as an air mortar) are often used as a pyrotechnic-free method of material projection. These can vary from simple ball valve, manually operated models to electronically triggered designs operated from a remote control panel depending on the exact requirements.
Golf ball launchers: at some charity outings players can make a donation and launch a golf ball over 300 yards and use that as their tee shot. Usually the vendor hired by the event organizer launches the ball for safety and liability reasons.
Industry
Hail cannons: these are very large devices which consist of a combustion chamber and a large funnel shape mounted on top of it. A gas mix is ignited in the combustion chamber and the funnel directs the blast wave upwards. They are intended to protect crops from hail damage by disrupting hail formation with the shock waves. There has however been no scientific proof of their effectiveness.
Air cannons: This can mean:
A pneumatic spudgun
Air cannon (mechanics), a compressed air device for creating high pressure shock waves under water
Bird scarers: these devices are essentially automatic combustion cannons. They require bottled propane gas and a lead-acid battery. At intervals they ignite a propane/air mix to produce a loud explosion (up to 150 decibels close to the device) to scare birds from crop fields or near airport runways.
Chicken cannons: Many aircraft parts must be able to survive the impact of a bird in flight, known as a birdstrike. Pneumatic guns are used to project a bird, typically a dead chicken, into a product designed to imitate a birdstrike. Aircraft canopies, engines, and critical flight control surfaces will normally undergo this type of stress testing to determine whether they are strong enough to withstand a birdstrike in flight.
Shock tubes: used to test hypersonic and supersonic combustion ramjets.
Pneumatic line throwers for launching lines for rescue missions or between ships for replenishment at sea as well as a number of other applications.
Military
Combustion light-gas guns are weaponised combustion cannons which burn a low-molecular-weight gas such as hydrogen to provide a higher specific impulse than relatively high-molecular-weight conventional solid propellants.
Safety
Spud guns by nature are hazardous and can present safety issues if poorly constructed or used.
Users should follow the same rules as if handling a conventional firearm (see gun safety), but given the frequently improvised materials and construction used in spudguns, it is particularly important for the user to use basic ear and eye protection when operating a spudgun.
Legal issues
In some jurisdictions spud guns are outlawed or have restrictions on their use and may require licenses and certification of the gun.
In popular culture
In the "Workaholics" episode "To Friend a Predator", a Potato Gun is used in an attempt to stop the protagonist, but instead hits Blake in the back.
In The Trailer Park Boys, Julian, Ricky, Bubbles, Corey and Trevor use spud guns to investigate the enormous damage to their crops of cannabis. This was because real guns would attract too much attention.
In the film Tremors 3: Back to Perfection, Jack Sawyer suggested to Burt Gummer that they build a potato gun to fight the Ass-Blasters. Using parts from a junkyard, they formed a variant of a potato gun that shot makeshift flaming arrows that were deadly to the Ass Blasters and killed two.
In an episode of Nickelodeon's Drake & Josh, Drake buys a potato gun, accidentally hitting Josh, making him drop the weights he was lifting, causing him to break his foot.
Dwight Schrute on the U.S. version of The Office has mentioned owning a spud gun in more than one episode.
In 14th episode of Season 4 of Prison Break, a combustion potato gun is used by Michael Scofield to launch 40 mm smoke grenades.
The Simpsons character Maude Flanders was killed by air-cannon launched T-shirts in the eleventh season episode, "Alone Again, Natura-Diddily".
In Duct Tape Forever (the movie based on The Red Green Show) Edgar K. B. Montrose says to sell them as toys to the kids to raise money.
In the movie Aliens in the Attic the kids build a spud gun that they use to fight aliens invading Earth.
A MythBusters episode tested a potato cannon held together by duct tape compared to one held together using PVC bonding agent. Another episode, testing MacGyver myths, supplied Adam and Jamie with the materials to build a potato cannon as part of a challenge to "MacGyver" up a way to signal a rescue helicopter; however, they used the piping and other supplies present to build a large kite instead.
In the TV series House, M.D. episode "The Dig", House is attending a spud gun show with Thirteen, where he uses the spud gun to threaten a teenage competitor who taunts House.
A spud gun was one of the many different weapons used in Bully, a game made by Rockstar Games. There were two types. One can be carried around the map, but could only fire eight potatoes before having to get more ammunition. The other one was a mounted gun that the Nerds used at the observatory during a story mission facing a second boss.
In Iron Man 3, Tony meets a boy named Harley, who owns a potato gun which he uses to threaten Tony. At the end of the movie, as thanks for his help, Tony builds Harley a newer and better potato gun.
The game Scrap Mechanic has 4 variants of spud guns: a single shot spud gun, a double barrel spud shot gun which fires French fries, a 'spudling' gun which is a triple barrel Gatling gun, and a mountable spud gun which can be mounted on your creations
The Australian Comedy Show SuperWog features a Spud gun in episode 3 of season 2, ‘the magpie‘ in which Superwog(Theo) and Johnny build a spud gun to combat a swooping magpie however they miss the intended target and hit a bystander
See also
Airgun
FN 303
Paintball gun
Plastic pressure pipe systems
Pneumatic gun
Pumpkin chucking
Vacuum bazooka
References
External links
How Pneumatic Potato Cannons Work —Audio slideshow from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Spud gun building instructions — Spud Gun plans, animations, construction how-tos
Air guns
Pneumatic weapons |
17336034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Island%20Light | Dutch Island Light | Dutch Island Light is a historic lighthouse on Dutch Island off Jamestown, Rhode Island.
In 1825 the federal government acquired at the southern end of the island, and on January 1, 1827, Dutch Island Light was established to mark the west passage of Narragansett Bay and to aid vessels entering Dutch Island Harbor. The first tower was built of stones found on the island. The government constructed a new brick tower in 1857 with a fog bell added in 1878.
Additional history
Dutch Island is located in the West Passage of Narragansett Bay between Jamestown and Saunderstown, Rhode Island. Originally it was called "Quetenis" by the Narragansett people, who sold it to the Dutch West India Company about 1636. The Dutch from New Amsterdam (later New York) used the island as a safe place to trade their goods to the Narragansett for meat, fish and furs. Later the English settlers of Rhode Island used the island to graze sheep.
For many years it was fortified to protect the West Passage from sea invasion. It is not known whether this included the Revolutionary War era when the Conanicut Battery was activated further south on the western shore of Conanicut (Jamestown) Island. Dutch Island was later heavily fortified with massive concrete gun emplacements. These were started with large granite store structures near the southern end of the island during the Civil War. In the late 19th century there was a battery of Rodman guns (25-ton cannon which used a 50-pound charge of black powder to fire a 300-pound cannonball as far as ) on the point at the southern end of the island.
In the late 1890s the Army established Fort Greble on Dutch Island. Fort Greble was an Endicott-era coastal fortification which featured long-range rifled artillery pieces and could house as many as 495 officers and men. Fort Greble was an active post until 1924 and was used for National Guard training up to World War II.
In 1825, the U.S. government bought on the southern tip of the island with the purpose of establishing a "light station". The first tower was built in 1826 using native stone from the island. It was tall. One of the first keepers was Robert Dennis, whose father had fought in the Revolution and who was also present at the Boston Tea Party. Dennis was 78 years old when he became keeper and apparently remained keeper until he was well into his nineties. His son, Robert, took his position when his father died.
According to Jeremy D'Entremont, a member of the American Lighthouse Foundation and the first Board of Directors of the Dutch Island Lighthouse Society, the lighthouse and keeper's house were described in the mid-19th century as "the worst construction of any in the state", and the lantern was described as "wretched".
In 1857, the old tower and the Keeper's House were demolished and replaced by the present brick tower and a four-room Keeper's House. The basic structure of this tower was described in 2007 as still being "very sound". The cost of these two structures in the 1850s was $4,000, and included a "fourth-order" Fresnel lens and a fixed white light. In 1878, a fog bell was installed on the west side of the tower to be activated by a clockwork mechanism.
In 1924, a flashing red kerosene light was installed, the lens for which was rotated by "…a very big weight on pulleys", recalls a local resident.
Keepers:
William Dennis (1827–1843)
Robert H. Weeden (1843–1844)
William P. Babcock (1844–1846)
Robert Dennis (1846–1853)
Benjamin Congdon (1853–1859)
M. M. Trundy (1859–1865)
Lewis T. King (Nov. 24, 1885 to Sept. 20, 1901)
John Paul was one of the last keepers (1929–1931), and his son Louis remembered that this father kept a vegetable garden and a flock of ducks. He said that the fishing off the rocks was "excellent" and that his father would catch "…a bushel of blackfish before breakfast." He would buy a whole side of beef in Jamestown or Saunderstown, salt it thoroughly and keep it for prolonged use.
In 1947, the light was automated and lit by electricity, as a flashing red beacon. The military left the island, and in 1950 the Keeper's House was demolished because of vandalism and because toadstools and moss were growing in the house.
In 1972, the Coast Guard proposed discontinuing the light altogether. This was followed by at least 40-50 letters of protest written to the Rhode Island Department of Natural Resources and to the Coast Guard. As a result, the Coast Guard not only retained the light but even increased its intensity. Extensive vandalism, however, continued and again the proposition to discontinue the light was made in 1977. This time it was discontinued and was replaced by a flashing red buoy off the tip of the island in 1979.
Dutch Island Lighthouse Society is formed
The Dutch Island Lighthouse Society was born in 2000 as a Chapter of the American Lighthouse Foundation and with the objective of restoring the lighthouse and hopefully a functioning light.
In May 2000, the lighthouse was visited by Dave Lombardi, Keith Fornal, Jeremy D'Entremont and Chris Powell of the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (which had jurisdiction over the island). In June 2000, Ginger Hesse and Roberta Randall of the Rhode Island State Historic Preservation Office also visited the lighthouse. The building, though needing extensive repairs, was found to be basically very sound, and they named it an Historic Building.
In the summer of 2001, DILS filed an application for funds for restoration and reactivation with an estimated cost of $120,000, and the application was "accepted". It took another 7 years to complete all the many details of design, planning, restoration and activation along with endless encounters with "red tape". Meanwhile, a set of by-laws was approved which established a board of directors.
In January 2004, DILS was accepted as a non-profit organization in the state of Rhode Island. The DILS treasurer, Betty Aschman, reported that there was $16,000 from "big donors" including the Kimball Foundation, BankNewport's Community Fund, and several family foundations. There were 188 "small" donors, and on May 21, 2004, Al Potter reported that the Society had an easement agreement with the state and the necessary insurance and project agreement. On July 1, 2004, the visitors to the island included key people from the Rhode Island Department of Transportation and Keith Lescarbeau, who was the president and owner of the Abcore Restoration Company that was already at work on Plum Beach Light.
By the spring of 2005, DILS negotiated a long-term lease from the DEM, which was in charge of the island for the state, including the lighthouse. In July of that year, engineering firm Vanasse Hangen and Brustlin (VHB) visited the lighthouse with Bill DeSantis of RIDOT, architect Richard Ventrone, Jr., and planner Arnold Robinson of the Newport Collaborative Architects. (Campbell Construction Co. had already had a site visit). Their charge was to come up with drawings and specifications that would get the job done and relight the light, and if possible, to stay within the $120,000 grant from RIDOT.
The details of their specifications had to be cleared by the DILS Building Committee, RIDOT, the town of Jamestown, the US Coast Guard and RIDEM (Parks Department) before the Society could advertise for bids. After a short time, RIDOT gave DILS permission to advertise for bids; the Building Committee reviewed the four bids. The winning bidder was Abcore Restoration of Narragansett, which had a very good reputation and had recently completed the restoration of the Plum Beach Lighthouse, also in Narragansett Bay. Keith Lescarbeau, the president and owner of Abcore, was also well known and admired in the area. The Building Committee's choice of Abcore was approved by the Board of Directors, and on July 3, 2007, Craig Amerigian agreed to serve as the DILS Project Manager and Owner Representative.
Abcore started July 25. They made a temporary landing area on the rock near the lighthouse of about 20 tires tied together and built a plywood walkway from this landing area to the lighthouse. They had a small launch with a hoist which transported all the scaffolding, ladders and supplies to the island from Jamestown. It was heartening to see the scaffolding in place and to watch the exterior gradually change from mottled brown to gleaming white with the final parging.
Another detail in the rebuilding was the fabrication and testing of a solar-powered workable light, as well as chipping away all loose material on the exterior of the tower, repairing with tuck pointing, coating with a parging (tested in Newport for appropriate whiteness) and then coating with an antifungal material. The roof had to be replaced. The glass in the tower had to be replaced with double glazing. The brass window frames needed repair and replacement, and much of the walkway also needed repair and replacement. Considerable work had to be done to the inside staircase, wooden window boards were replaced with metal ones, and the door was replaced.
The separate small "oil house" was cleaned out and fitted with a new roof and door, and the exterior was refinished.
The grant from RIDOT specifically stated that the grant money could not be used for maintenance, nor would RIDOT or the Enhancement Program pay for maintenance. The final field report was received from the Newport Collaborative Architects on November 20, 2007.
On November 17, 2007, many gathered at vantage points to see the great occasion. At the appointed time (7:00 p.m.) the "count-down" was started, the cannon fired, and founding member Shirley Sheldon pushed the button, and for the first time in 28 years Dutch Island had a flashing red light and a gleaming white lighthouse.
Gallery
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
Notes
References
Dutch Island Lighthouse History (Dutch Island Lighthouse Society, P.O. Box 435, Saunderstown, RI 02874)
Lighthouse Details
Frederic Denlson, Narragansett Sea and Shore, (J.A. & R.A. Reid, Providence, RI., 1879)
George L. Seavey, Rhode Island's Coastal Natural Areas.
External links
Dutch Island Lighthouse Plans and Maps 1868 - 1962
Lighthouses completed in 1857
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Lighthouses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Jamestown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1857 establishments in Rhode Island |
44503874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket%201993%20squads | EuroBasket 1993 squads | The following is the list of squads for each of the 16 teams competing in the EuroBasket 1993, held in Germany between 22 June and 4 July 1993. Each team selected a squad of 12 players for the tournament.
Group A
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Group B
Bulgaria
Croatia
France
Turkey
Group C
Greece
Israel
Italy
Latvia
Group D
Belgium
Estonia
Germany
Slovenia
References
1993 European Championship for Men, FIBA.com.
European Championship 1993 - National Squads, LinguaSport.com.
1993 |
20473397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien%20Meslot | Damien Meslot | Damien Meslot (born 11 November 1964 in Belfort) is a French politician and a member of The Republicans. He represented Territoire de Belfort's 1st constituency in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2017. He has served as mayor of Belfort since 2014.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Politicians from Belfort
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Gaullism, a way forward for France
Mayors of places in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23576567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Schodorf | Jean Schodorf | Jean Kurtis Schodorf (born June 11, 1950), a former three-term Republican Kansas state senator, was the Democratic Party nominee for Kansas Secretary of State in 2014. She was defeated on November 4, 2014 by incumbent Kris Kobach by a margin of 59%-41%.
Early life
Schodorf was born to Wilma Mary Horton (1911–2002) and William A. Kuretich (Croatian: Kuretić), of Croatian origin (1914–2001), a U.S. Marine Corps brigadier general and decorated veteran of World War II. Her father’s military career included extensive travel for his family. Upon his retirement, the family settled in Independence, Kansas. She is the sister of television journalist Bill Kurtis.
Education
Schodorf is a speech/language pathologist and graduated from University of New Mexico (Bachelor of Arts and Masters of Science) and Wichita State University (Ph.D. in Communicative Disorders, post-doctoral work in education administration).
Political career
From 1989 to 2000, she was on the Board of Education for Unified School District 259 (Wichita School District) and was the board president in 1993, 1997 and 1999.
She was a Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 25th district in Wichita, from 2001 to 2013.
In 2010, Schodorf was a candidate for U.S Representative of the 4th district, being vacated by Todd Tiahrt. She finished third in the Republican primary to Mike Pompeo, who won the general election.
In the 2012 Republican Primary, Senator Schodorf, and Senate President Stephen Morris and six other state senate moderates were opposed by Governor Sam Brownback, the Kansas Chamber of Commerce and the Koch brothers. At the time, Schodorf was the Majority Whip. She was defeated August 7, 2012, in her attempt to be re-elected to the Kansas State Senate by Wichita City Council member Michael O'Donnell, 59 percent to 41 percent. Of those targeted, only Senator Carolyn McGinn won re-election.
In January 2013, Schodorf changed her party affiliation to Democrat.
In May 2016 Schodorf, by then a resident of Sedan, Kansas, announced she was running again for the Kansas legislature, this time as a State Representative for District 12 in Southeast, Kansas. She lost the general election to Republican primary winner Doug Blex.
Committee assignments
Sen. Schodorf served on these legislative committees:
Education (chair)
Joint Committee on Arts and Cultural Resources (vice-chair)
Commerce
Confirmation Oversight
Interstate Cooperation
Judiciary
Ways and Means
Sponsored legislation
Legislation sponsored or co-sponsored by Sen. Schodorf includes:
A resolution opposing relocation of Guantanamo detainees to Kansas.
A resolution regarding the right to bear arms.
Major donors
Some of the top contributors to Sen. Schodorf's 2008 campaign were, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics the Kansas Realtors Association, Kansas Contractors Association, Kansas Republican Senatorial Committee, Kansans for Lifesaving Cures and the Kansas National Education Association. Institutions were her major donor group.
Elections
2010 run for Congress
In 2010, Sen. Schodorf entered the primary race for the 4th Congressional District of Kansas, running against four other Republicans (Jim Anderson, Wink Hartman, Mike Pompeo and Paij Rutschman). She was endorsed by former U.S. Sen Nancy Kassebaum Baker on July 13, 2010. Schodorf finished second in the Republican primary, losing to eventual general election winner Mike Pompeo.
2012
In the 2012 Republican primary for her state senate seat, Sen. Schodorf was defeated by Michael O'Donnell of Wichita in the Republican Primary on August 7, 2012, by a 2,785 to 1,949 margin. Schodorf, a moderate, had been targeted by conservatives Republicans for defeat. O'Donnell went on to defeat Democratic nominee, the late Timothy L. Snow in the general election.
2014
In September 2013, Schodorf announced she was running for Secretary of State of Kansas, switching parties to run as a Democrat. She was defeated by incumbent Republican Kris Kobach, who was running for re-election.
2016
Running from rural Sedan, she lost the general election to Republican Doug Blex.60.9% to 30%.
References
External links
Kansas Senate
Project Vote Smart profile
Follow the Money campaign contributions
2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008
State Sen. Schodorf says she is leaving GOP
Kansas state senators
Living people
University of New Mexico alumni
Wichita State University alumni
School board members in Kansas
Women state legislators in Kansas
American people of Croatian descent
Kansas Democrats
Kansas Republicans
Speech and language pathologists
People from Cherry Point, North Carolina
People from Sedan, Kansas
1950 births
Candidates in the 2014 United States elections
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Candidates in the 2016 United States elections
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians |
26719633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Quirino | Carlos Quirino | Carlos Lozada Quirino (14 January 1910 – 20 May 1999) was a Philippine biographer and historian. Not only known for his works on biographies and history but also on varied subjects such as the old maps of the Philippines and also the culinary legacy of the country.
Life
Carlos Quirino is a nephew of Philippine president Elpidio Quirino. He is a famous Filipino historian and biographer at his time, receiving his journalism degree in 1931 from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Known for his early biography of Jose Rizal entitled "The Great Malayan" (1940), he also wrote several works in relation with the Philippine history and biographies of President Manuel Quezon and the painter Damian Domingo.
Quirino joined the Philippine Army and became second lieutenant before the outbreak of World War II. During the Japanese occupation, he was forced to join the Bataan Death March but escaped and joined the underground resistance.
Under President Diosdado Macapagal, Quirino became director of the National Library. He was also became the first director of the Ayala Museum in 1970 due to his historical expertise.
In 1997 he was recognised as a National Artist of the Philippines for Historical Literature.
Writing Style
Quirino's style of writing took a liberal approach of putting narrative and storytelling in his biographies. His biography of Rizal is a good example of his playful writing, as it is evident that he transformed the thoughts of Rizal and other relevant individuals, occasionally breaking them into direct conversations.
Bibliography
Man of Destiny (1935)
The Great Malayan (1940)
Magsaysay and the Philippines (1958)
Philippine Cartography (1959)
Damian Domingo: First Eminent Filipino Painter (1961)
History of the Philippine Sugar Industry (1974)
Filipinos at War (1981)
Amang, the Life and Times of Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr. (1983)
References
1910 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Filipino historians
Carlos
Burials at the Libingan ng mga Bayani |
23576576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Namibia%202009 | Miss Namibia 2009 | Miss Namibia 2009 was held on June 7, 2009 in Windhoek, Namibia. The winner represented Namibia in Miss Universe 2009 and Miss World 2009. 10 contestants competed for crown. The first runner up entered in Miss International 2009. The second runner up entered in Miss Earth 2009. This is the first edition that they acquired the license for Miss International and Miss Earth.
Results
Special Awards
Miss Friendship - Daniella Filipovic (Swakopmund)
Miss Photogenic - Theodora Amutjira (Erongo Region)
Best Face - (Khomas Region)
Miss Internet - (Khomas Region)
Miss Congeniality - Selma Usiku (Oshikoto Region)
Contestants
External links
Official Website
New Miss Namibia 2009
2009
2009 beauty pageants
2009 in Namibia |
26719658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channomuraena%20bauchotae | Channomuraena bauchotae | Channomuraena bauchotae is a moray eel found in the western Indian Ocean. It inhabits rocky coasts.
References
Muraenidae
Fish described in 1994 |
17336037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion%20Rules%20Licence | Dominion Rules Licence | The Dominion Rules Licence (or DRL) is the open gaming licence under which the Dominion Rules role-playing game system is distributed. It is notable for being one of the earliest examples of an open gaming licence, predating the better known Open Game License.
Legal provisions
The main rights granted by the DRL are (1) the right to distribute Dominion Rules, (2) the right to modify Dominion Rules, (3) the rights to create and distribute "Larger Works" and "Compatible Works".
The main right licensees grant under the DRL is the right of others to copy, modify and distribute any modifications to Dominion Rules a licensee makes.
These provisions resemble those found in many open-source licences.
Versions
Version 1.1 of the DRL is the most prominent previous version. It was under this version of the DRL that Dominion Rules 2.0 was released in 2002.
The current version of the DRL is 2.0. It closely resembles version 1.1 but has been simplified in some respects. DRL v. 2.0 is the version under which Dominion Rules 3.0 was released in 2008.
References
Role-playing game systems
Free content licenses |
17336069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallopodidae | Hallopodidae | Hallopodidae is a family of Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs. They have been recovered as the closest relatives of the Crocodyliformes.
References
Prehistoric reptile families
Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs
Fossil taxa described in 1881 |
20473411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Boisserie | Daniel Boisserie | Daniel Boisserie (born 8 June 1946) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haute-Vienne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1946 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44503878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper%20Cravath | Prosper Cravath | Prosper Cravath, Jr., (May 28, 1809May 20, 1886) was an American lawyer and Wisconsin pioneer. He was one of the original settlers of Whitewater, Wisconsin, and helped lay out the town plat. He represented Whitewater in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1st Wisconsin Legislature (1848). He is the namesake of Cravath Lake in Whitewater.
Biography
Cravath was born in Cortland, New York, on May 28, 1809. He read law in the office of a prominent lawyer in Cortland for two years, but abandoned the study to pursue other work. He moved to Huron County, Ohio, sometime in the 1830s. In March 1839, he came to the town of Lima, in Rock County, Wisconsin Territory, near the site that would become the city of Whitewater, Wisconsin. He was soon joined by his parents and other family. During 1839, he participated in the first lawsuit in what would become the town of Whitewater, though he was not yet a practicing attorney. He was counsel for the plaintiff in a dispute over compensation for labor, and won the case for his client, William Birge.
In August 1840, the neighboring town was formalized and named "Whitewater" by an act of the territorial legislature. Later that year, he was summoned by Dr. James Tripp for his expertise to survey the site of a planned village in the neighboring town. Together with David J. Powers, who planned to set up a hotel in the new village, the men devised a plat for a settlement that would become the city of Whitewater. He became a large landowner in the new village and later sold dozens of lots for residential and commercial use.
During this time, he resumed the study of law; he was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1843 and set up a legal practice. He moved into the town of Whitewater in 1845 and served eight terms on the town board of supervisors in the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s.
On February 1, 1848, the people ratified the Constitution of Wisconsin and elected representatives to the 1st Wisconsin Legislature. Prosper Cravath was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly as representative of Walworth County's 2nd Assembly district–then comprising the towns of Whitewater, Richmond, and La Grange, in the northwest corner of the county. At the time, he was a member of the Whig Party. Rather than run for re-election in 1848, he ran for county judge, but was defeated. He subsequently ran for district attorney in 1850, but lost again. Like many northern Whigs, he became a member of the Republican Party when that party was organized in the 1850s. He did not run for state office again, but was appointed postmaster at Whitewater under President Ulysses S. Grant.
During the Civil War, he was a member of the county committee to assist in raising volunteers for the Union Army. Later in life, he helped organize the Historical Society of Walworth County. He served several years as an officer of the society, and contributed his own writings on the early days of Whitewater.
He died at his home in Whitewater on May 20, 1886, after a long illness.
Personal life and family
Prosper Cravath, Jr., was the eldest son of Prosper Cravath, a Presbyterian deacon, and his wife Miriam ( Kinney). Prosper Cravath would ultimately have fifteen siblings.
He married Maria Prudence Noble on March 27, 1834. Maria was a daughter of Solomon Noble, a blacksmith who had served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. They had two children. Their son, Pitt Cravath, also became a lawyer and was editor and owner of the Whitewater Chronicle. Pitt Cravath also served as a private in the 40th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment during the Civil War and after the war gave two years service to reconstruction in Louisiana as assistant secretary of state.
References
External links
|-
1809 births
1886 deaths
Farmers from Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
People from Cortland, New York
People from Whitewater, Wisconsin
Wisconsin lawyers
Wisconsin Whigs
Wisconsin Republicans
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers |
20473425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Fasquelle | Daniel Fasquelle | Daniel Fasquelle (born 16 January 1963) is a French politician of The Republicans (LR) who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly of France from 2007 to 2020, representing the Pas-de-Calais department.
Political career
In parliament, Fasquelle has been serving on the Committee on Economic Affairs since 2009.
In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Fasquelle endorsed Nicolas Sarkozy as the party's candidate for the office of President of France.
On 26 August 2017, Fasquelle declared himself a candidate in the leadership election for the presidency of The Republicans, but was deemed to have secured an insufficient number of sponsorships on 26 October and therefore considered ineligible.
Following Christian Jacob's election as LR chairman, Fasquelle announced his candidacy to succeed him as leader of the party's parliamentary group. In an internal vote in November 2019, he eventually came in fourth out of six candidates; the position went to Damien Abad instead.
At the Republicans’ national convention in December 2021, Fasquelle was part of the 11-member committee which oversaw the party’s selection of its candidate for the 2022 presidential elections.
References
External links
Daniel Fasquelle at the National Assembly of France
1963 births
Living people
People from Saint-Omer
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
The Republicans (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Pas-de-Calais
Members of the Regional Council of Hauts-de-France |
17336073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Fink | Margaret Fink | Margaret Fink (born Margaret Elliott on March 3, 1933) is an Australian film producer, noted for her important role in the revival of Australian cinema in the 1970s.
She was educated at Sydney Girls High School, East Sydney Technical College, Sydney Teachers College and the Sydney Conservatorium. She worked as an art teacher at various high schools in Sydney from 1956 to 1961.
Her productions include The Removalists (1975), My Brilliant Career (1979), For Love Alone (1986), Edens Lost (1988) (for TV), and Candy (2006).
She was a member of the Sydney Push, a Sydney bohemian group of the 1950s and 1960s that boasted among its membership Lillian Roxon, Germaine Greer, Clive James, and Frank Moorhouse. While still known as Margaret Elliott, she published Harry Hooton's last book, It Is Great To Be Alive. Her former husband, Leon Fink, is a prominent Sydney businessman and property developer. They married in 1961 and had three children together: Hannah, John and Ben. After their divorce in 1978, they remained living in the same house for a number of years. She has also had relationships with Barry Humphries, Jim McNeil, Bill Harding and Richard Neville.
Her daughter, Hannah Fink, is an arts writer. John Fink is a restaurateur and filmmaker. Ben Fink was a member of the band The Whitlams.
References
Australian film producers
1933 births
Living people
People educated at Sydney Girls High School |
23576585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whites%20Road%2C%20Chennai | Whites Road, Chennai | Whites Road in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India branches off from Anna Salai, Chennai's arterial road near National Insurance Company after Thousand Lights Mosque and reaches up to Royapettah Clock Tower near Wesley Church. Chennai's famous Express Avenue shopping mall is located on this road.
Major institutions located at this road includes
United India Insurance
Corporation Bank
Cognizant Technology Solutions
Hobart Muslim Girls Higher Secondary School
Wesley Higher Secondary School
References
Roads in Chennai |
20473434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Metlich | Pablo Metlich | Pablo Arturo Metlich Ruíz (born 2 September 1978) is a Mexican former professional footballer, who last played as a midfielder for Atlético San Luis. Metlich made his professional debut with Tecos in 2002. He is of partial Serbian descent.
External links
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Durango
Association football midfielders
Liga MX players
Tecos F.C. footballers
Lobos BUAP footballers
Indios de Ciudad Juárez footballers
C.D. Veracruz footballers
Mexican people of Serbian descent
Mexican footballers |
20473437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Fidelin | Daniel Fidelin | Daniel Fidelin (born 25 May 1948) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Maritime department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1948 births
Living people
People from Fécamp
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Mayors of places in Normandy
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
The Republicans (France) politicians |
44503884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe%20Creek | Axe Creek | Axe Creek is a small community outside of Bendigo in central Victoria, Australia. It is located in the City of Greater Bendigo local government area. The McIvor Highway passes through to the north of Axe Creek.
Axe Creek is named after a nearby creek of the same name. Most residents visit Bendigo for access to amenities. There is no commercial area.
References
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Bendigo
Suburbs of Bendigo |
23576587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Kelsey%20%28politician%29 | Dick Kelsey (politician) | Dick Kelsey (born December 30, 1946) is a former Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 26th district from 2009 until 2013. He was previously a Kansas Representative elected in 2005.
Kelsey was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in Kansas's 4th congressional district to succeed fellow Republican Todd Tiahrt. He suspended his campaign on March 5, 2010 due to health concerns of his wife. Kelsey endorsed Mike Pompeo to replace Tiahrt on March 17, 2010.
Issue positions
Sen. Kelsey's issue positions and what he supports, according to his website:
Budget transparency
Less government spending
Tax decreases- including the prevention of higher taxes by signing the Taxpayer Protection Pledge
Funds for maintaining and improving the public schools
Making abortion illegal
Tougher penalties for crime
Affordable health care and putting "Kansans in charge of their health care dollars."
Enforcing immigration laws; penalties for illegal immigrants
Business growth and private sector job growth
Committee assignments
Sen. Kelsey serves on these legislative committees:
Commerce
Joint Committee on Corrections and Juvenile Justice Oversight
Financial Institutions and Insurance
Public Health and Welfare
Sponsored legislation
Legislation sponsored or co-sponsored by Sen. Kelsey includes:
An act repealing the Kansas insurance score act
A resolution regarding the right to bear arms
An amendment to have supreme court justices' appointments subject to consent of the Senate.
A proposition to create a budget stabilization fund
Major donors
Some of the top contributors to Sen. Kelsey's 2008 campaign, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics:
Kansas Republican Senatorial Committee, Koch Industries, Kansas Association of Realtors, Restore America PAC Inc., Kansas Medical Society PAC. His total funds raised were $44,000.
His opponent was Pam Frieden who raised $39,000. Her major contributors included the Kansas NEA, Zollerlutzweinbarager LLC, and the Wichita-Hutchinson Labor Federation.
References
External links
Dick Kelsey for Congress congressional campaign website
Kansas Senate
Project Vote Smart profile
Follow the Money campaign contributions
2006, 2008
Americans for Tax Reform
Republican Party members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Republican Party Kansas state senators
Living people
1946 births
Politicians from Camden, New Jersey
21st-century American politicians |
20473438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Highways%20in%20Bihar | National Highways in Bihar | Bihar has length of 5,358 km National highways.
List of National Highways in Bihar
See also
National highways of India
List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)
National Highways Development Project
Transport in Bihar
List of National Highways in Bihar
:Category:National Highways in Bihar
References |
20473448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Garrigue | Daniel Garrigue | Daniel Garrigue (born 4 April 1948 in Talence) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Dordogne's 2nd constituency from 2002 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He was the sole member of the Assembly to vote against the French ban on full length Islamic veils stating that, "To fight an extremist behavior, we risk slipping toward a totalitarian society."
In 1974, was a founding member of the Club de l'horloge.
References
1948 births
Carrefour de l'horloge people
Living people
People from Talence
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
United Republic politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
26719660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20in%20hammer%20throw | 1997 in hammer throw | This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 1997 in both the men's and the women's hammer throw. The main event during this season were the 1997 World Athletics Championships in Athens, Greece, where the final of the men's competition was held on Sunday August 3, 1997.
Men
Records
1997 World Year Ranking
Women
Records
1997 World Year Ranking
References
tilastopaja
apulanta
apulanta
digilander.libero
IAAF
hammerthrow.wz
1997
Hammer Throw Year Ranking, 1997 |
20473462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Mach | Daniel Mach | Daniel Mach (born December 5, 1955 in Perpignan — Perpinyà) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Pyrénées-Orientales's 1st constituency from 2002 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He is the first politician to have spoken in Catalan in the National Assembly, saying:
'Senyora, els catalans són gent orgullosa, honesta i pacífica. La seva llengua és un dret i saben quins són els seus deures.'
"The catalans are a proud, honest and peaceful people. Their language is a right and they know what their responsibilities are."
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Perpignan
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6904528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20men%27s%20national%20field%20hockey%20team | Pakistan men's national field hockey team | The Pakistan national field hockey team () represents Pakistan in international field hockey. Having played its first match in 1948, it is administered by the Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF), the governing body for hockey in Pakistan. It has been a member of the International Hockey Federation (FIH) since 1948 and was founding member of the Asian Hockey Federation (ASHF), which was formed in 1958.
Pakistan is one of the most successful national field hockey teams in the world with a record four Hockey World Cup wins (in 1971, 1978, 1982, and 1994).
Pakistan has the best overall performance in World Cup history in both proportional and absolute terms with 53 victories in 84 matches played, seven time draws, six appearances in the finals, and only 24 losses. Pakistan national team has played in all FIH World Cup editions with the only absence coming in 2014. The Green Shirts are also most successful national team in the Asian Games, with eight gold medals: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1990, and 2010, the highest number of times a country has come first, and the only Asian team to have won the prestigious Champions Trophy, with three championships: 1978, 1980 and 1994. Pakistan has won a total of 29 official international titles to professional and grassroots level selections, with three gold medals in the Olympic Games field hockey tournaments: in Rome 1960, Mexico City 1968, and Los Angeles 1984.
Field hockey is the national sport of the country. The Pakistan national team has been ranked as the #1 team in the world in both 2000 and 2001 by the FIH. Former captain Sohail Abbas holds the unconfirmed world record for the most international goals scored by a player in the history of international field hockey. Waseem Ahmad is the most-capped player for the team, having played 410 times between 1996 and 2013.
Pakistan is known for having fierce rivalry with India, having a record of playing each other in South Asian Games and Asian Games finals. They have competed against one another in twenty major tournaments finals so far, out of which Pakistan has won thirteen titles in total. Pakistan have a record of winning the first three championships of Hockey Asia Cup in 1982, 1985 and 1989 against India in row. Apart from that, Pakistan has notable competitive rivalries with Netherlands and Australia.
Pakistan's home ground is National Hockey Stadium in Lahore. The current team head coach is Siegfried Aikman and the team manager is Syed Sameer Hussain.
History
Early history (1948–1955)
Originally, the game had been brought by British servicemen to British India, and like cricket it soon became a popular sport with the local population. Following the independence of Pakistan in 1947, soon after the Pakistan Hockey Federation came into being in 1948. Prior to the partition of India, players playing for Pakistan competed for the Indian side. The Federation soon established and organized the Provincial Hockey/Sports Associations of West Punjab, East Bengal, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Bahawalpur & Services Sports Board. Despite the limited resources available on 2 August 1948, Pakistan national team, led by Ali Iqtidar Shah Dara, officially went on to play their first international game against Belgium winning the game 2–1 at the 1948 London Olympics. Pakistan remained unbeaten defeating the Netherlands, Denmark and France during the group stage round and ended up placing fourth. During the group stages Pakistan defeat of Netherlands by 6–1 was the highlight for the team. Following the Olympics Pakistan went on a tour of Europe where the played Belgium, Netherlands and Italy and remained undefeated during the tour.
The next international outing of the team came after a gap of two years when Pakistan participated in an invitational competition in Spain in 1950. Pakistan were declared joined winners with Netherlands after the final ended in a draw and organizers decided to end the game rather than going for a deciding period of play, this was Pakistan's first international tournament victory. Again there was a gap of two years before Pakistan again appeared in an international event and this time it was the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki. Pakistan won the first knock-out game against France 6–0 but lost to Netherlands and Great Britain to again finish fourth at the event. Over the four years Pakistan made tours to European teams and also hosted them in their own country and in Asia Pakistan particularly made regular tours to Malaysia and Singapore with whom they played quite a few times.
Rise in Olympics and Asian honors (1956–1970)
Pakistan won their first Olympic medal in 1956 at Melbourne when they reached the final but lost to India 1–0 to earn a silver medal, first podium finish this was also Pakistan's first medal at the Olympics. Field hockey was included in the Asian Games for the first time in 1958 at Tokyo. Pakistan were drawn against Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and archrivals India. They beat Japan 5–0 in their first match, then followed two consecutive victories over South Korea (8–0) and Malaysia (6–0). In the last match Pakistan drew 0–0 with India finishing top of the table in the round-robin format and clinched its first gold medal in an international competition.
In 1960 Rome Olympics where Pakistan played against in a group with Australia, Poland and Japan, winning all the matches. Pakistan then played the quarter-final round with Germany, winning the match 2–1 and advanced to the semi-final round where they defeated Spain. Pakistan eventually won the gold medal, defeating India 1–0 with a goal by Naseer Bunda in the final round held at the Olympic Velodrome and ended India's run of six successive gold medals at the Summer Olympic Games.
In the 1962 Asian Games, Pakistan earned its second gold medal with Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool as the captain leading the team to another successive award. However, during the 1964 Tokyo Olympics the national team ended up as runners-up for the second time after losing 1–0 to India in the final as well as finishing runners-up in the 1966 Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand.
Pakistan won its second Olympic Games gold medal in Mexico at the 1968 Summer Olympics. It fielded what has since then often been considered the best hockey squad ever led by captain Tariq Aziz with Saeed Anwar, Khalid Mahmood, Gulraiz Akhtar and Tariq Niazi. Even though Rasool had retired, this team was still a force to be reckoned with. They won all six of their games—against Kenya, Great Britain, Malaysia, Australia, France and the Netherlands during group play, and against West Germany in the knockout round. Pakistan made the final for the fourth straight Olympics, and won the gold medal, as they had in 1960, this time by defeating Australia, 2–1 with goals from Muhammad Asad Malik and Abdul Rashid. Rashid was the top scorer for Pakistan with seven goals; Tanvir Dar finished with six goals.
The Golden Era (1970–1984)
In the group stage of the 1970 Asian Games, Pakistan was competing with tournament hosts Thailand and contenders Japan for top spot and a place in the finals. In their first match of the group, Pakistan scored thrice against Japan to clinch their first win, followed by defeating Hong Kong 10–0 to go to the top of the group. The team then draw 0–0 with Thailand and progressed to the knock-out round, where they won 5–0 over Malaysia. In the final, Pakistan faced India, winning 1–0 and sealing their third Asian Games gold medal.
In 1971, the first-ever Hockey World Cup was to be hosted by Pakistan. However, political issues would prevent that first competition from being played in Pakistan. The FIH had inadvertently scheduled the first World Cup to be played in Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Furthermore, Pakistan and India had been at war with each other only six years earlier. When Pakistan invited India to compete in the tournament, a crisis arose. Pakistanis, led by cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar, protested against India's participation in the Hockey World Cup. Given the intense political climate between Pakistan and India, the FIH decided to move the tournament elsewhere. In March 1971, coincidentally in the same month Bangladesh declared independence from Pakistan, the FIH decided to move the first Hockey World Cup to the Real Club de Polo grounds in Barcelona, Spain, which was considered a neutral and peaceful European site. On 27 March 1971, in Brussels, the trophy was formally handed to FIH President Rene Frank by H.E Masood, the Pakistani Ambassador to Belgium. A total number of 10 teams qualified for the event and were broken up into two groups.
The Pakistani team was drawn in a group with hosts Spain, Australia, Japan and the Netherlands. The group was topped by Spain and Pakistan respectively, and both the teams advanced into the semi-finals. In the first semi-final of the tournament Pakistan ousted India 2–1 in a tense and closely contested game and in the second semi-final Spain played safe and defeated a spirited Kenya 1–0 to enter the finals against Pakistan. In the final Pakistan scored early but then strengthened its defense to hold out a 1–0 victory and win the first hockey World Cup, retaining its number one position in the world hockey rankings, closely followed by India and the Netherlands. Tanvir Dar finished as the top goal scorer at the tournament with eight goals.
The 1972 Munich Olympics, Pakistan lost the final to hosts West Germany losing the game 1–0 with a goal by Michael Krause and finished at fourth place, the following year, in the 1973 Hockey World Cup. The national team made a comeback in the international competition, by winning and retaining their title at the 1974 Asian Games but lost to their rivals India in the finals of the third hockey World Cup in 1975. 1976 Montreal Olympics saw the team secure their first bronze medal in the competition.
The year 1978 saw Pakistan national team win three major international tournaments: the third Hockey World Cup held at Buenos Aires, Argentina along with 1978 Asian Games and the first Champions Trophy. This was the first time a national team won three major titles in the history of international field hockey. In 1980, Pakistan Olympic Association, along with 65 countries, boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This resulted in Pakistan hockey team not participating at the field hockey competition at the tournament. Pakistan hosted the 1980 and 1981 Champions Trophy tournaments, winning the title against West Germany in the final round in 1980 and finishing at fourth position a year later, held at the Hockey Club of Pakistan, Karachi. In the 1980s Pakistan won every international tournament it participated in including the 1982 World Cup in Mumbai and the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles where Pakistan won the gold medal defeating West Germany in the final. Pakistan also won the Asian Games and Asia Cup consecutively in this period.
Surface change crisis and resurgence (1986–1996)
Although hockey was being played at synthetic surfaces from the 1970s but it was only until the 1986 World Cup in London the FIH completely moved on from grass pitches to AstroTurf, synthetic turf made from plastic fibers to give a grass like look. The change of surface made the game much more fasted paced and to align the game with the new conditions the governing body vastly changed the rules of the game which focused more on strength and pace rather than stick work and technique which was the hallmark of Asian style of hockey. This negatively effected Pakistan since they couldn't replace all of the grass pitches with more expensive synthetic surfaces compared to more affluent European nations. This resulted in Pakistan performing very poorly at the World Cup in London where they won just one pool game and finished second last at 11th place. Pakistan however managed to cope up with the new changes in the game in the following years and started to regain some of its past dominance. Pakistan first finished runner-up at the 1990 World Cup at home in Lahore after losing the final to Netherlands and won a bronze medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona. The most glorious highlight of the decade came in 1994 when Pakistan first won the 1994 Champions Trophy at home ground, their first title in the competition after 14 years and later in the year Pakistan won the Hockey World Cup in Sydney after winning a penalty shootout against Netherlands.
Post-Atlanta Olympics (1998–2006)
After Atlanta 1996 the first major competition was the 1998 Hockey World Cup in Utrecht Pakistan finished 5th at the tournament. The following year Pakistan won the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup for the first time in 1999. Pakistan finished fourth at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney after losing the bronze medal match to Australia, this was the last time Pakistan played for a medal at the Olympics. Pakistan finished 5th at 2002 World Cup and Kuala Lumpur and won bronze medal at the Champions Trophy the same year. At the 2002 Asian Games Pakistan finished fourth, the first time the team didn't won a medal at the competition. In 2003 Pakistan lost the Hockey Asia Cup final to India and in 2004 Pakistan had a busy schedule where they played in many tournaments in lead up to the Olympics but Pakistan finished 5th at the 2004 Athens Olympics later in December Pakistan finished third at the 2004 Champions Trophy in Lahore, the third consecutive bronze medal. In 2005 Pakistan had a highlight when they defeated Olympic champion Australia to win the 2005 Hockey RaboTrophy in Netherlands. Pakistan finished 6th the 2006 World Cup and failed even to progress from the pool stages of the 2007 Asia Cup.
Beijing Olympics and competitive decline (2008–2012)
The 2008 Beijing Olympics proved to be the worst performance of the team at the event where they finished 8th. The year 2010 started with another record worst performance at the 2010 World Cup in New Delhi where the team finished last at 12th place but later in the same year Pakistan had a major success by winning the gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games in China. In 2011 Pakistan played in many minor tournaments in lead up to the 2012 Olympics where they finished 7th. Later in the year 2012 Pakistan won bronze medal at the 2012 Champions Trophy in Melbourne after upsetting tournaments favorites like Germany. The Pakistani national team most successful tournament, in this period, was the Asian Hockey Champions Trophy winning the trophy first in 2012 against India and finishing as runners-up in the first edition of Asian Hockey Champions Trophy in 2011. During this period despite not any major team honor won the Pakistan team had world renowned individual players in world hockey in the likes of Sohail Abbas who remained top scorer at the 2002 World Cup and 2004 Olympics, he later broke the record of highest goalscorer in international hockey with a total of 348 goals and Rehan Butt who was twice voted as the Best Asian Player by Asian Hockey Federation, Shakeel Abbasi, Salman Akbar and Muhammad Saqlain.
World Cup and Olympic absentee (2013–2020)
Pakistan, after having failed to get a direct entrance for the 2014 World Cup, were handed a last chance to qualify for the event by winning the 2013 Asia Cup, but they finished third and failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in their history. Pakistan failed to qualify for the Olympics for the first time at Rio 2016 after failing a qualification berth at the 2014–15 FIH Hockey World League. From 2016 to 2017, Pakistan performed poorly in different competitions even featuring a record 9–1 defeat against Australia in 2017. In 2018, Roelant Oltmans of Netherlands was brought in as coach and the team showed some improvement, but still performed poorly at the 2018 World Cup, failing to win a single match. Pakistan again failed to qualify for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, losing the Olympic Qualifiers against Netherlands over a two-legged tie in 2019.
Present era (2021–present)
PHF announced Pakistan's participation for the 2021 Asian Champions Trophy, the team's first appearance in an international competition after a gap of two years. A 20-man squad was announced with Siegfried Aikman as head coach prior to the tournament.
Logo and stadium
The motif of the Pakistan national field hockey team has a star and crescent on a dark green field; with a vertical white stripe at the hoist, usually in green, white color, as represented in the flag of Pakistan.
Pakistan played at a number of different venues across the country, though by 1978, this had largely settled down to having National Hockey Stadium (also known as Gaddafi Hockey Stadium, named after former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi) in Lahore as the primary venue, with Faisalabad Hockey Stadium and the Hockey Club of Pakistan used on occasions where the National Hockey Stadium was unavailable for home matches. The stadium is considered to be the biggest international field hockey stadium in the world, and holds a capacity of 45,000 spectators.
The Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF) has its headquarters at the stadium. Pakistan has hosted many international matches and competitions such as the Hockey Asia Cup of 1982 and Champions Trophy tournament in 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, and 2004 along with the 1990 Hockey World Cup, where Pakistan lost 3–1 to the Netherlands in the final.
Honors and recognition
Since its breakthrough in the 1948 Summer Olympics, Pakistan has won more than 20 official titles, which are detailed below:
Summer Olympics:
Gold medal: 1960 Rome, 1968 Mexico City, 1984 Los Angeles
Silver medal: 1956 Melbourne, 1964 Tokyo, 1972 Munich
Bronze medal: 1976 Montreal, 1992 Barcelona
World Cup:
Gold medal: 1971, 1978, 1982, 1994
Silver medal: 1975, 1990
Champions Trophy:
Gold medal: 1978, 1980, 1994
Silver medal: 1983, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1996, 1998, 2014
Bronze medal: 1986, 1992, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2012,
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup:
Gold medal: 1998, 2000, 2003
Silver medal: 1983, 1987, 1991, 1994, 2004, 2011
Bronze medal: 1985, 2005, 2022
Asian Champions Trophy:
Gold medal: 2012, 2013, 2018
Silver medal: 2011, 2016
Asia Cup:
Gold medal: 1982, 1985, 1989
Silver medal: 1999, 2003, 2009
Bronze medal: 1994, 2013, 2017
Asian Games:
Gold medal: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1990, 2010
Silver medal: 1966, 1986, 2014
Bronze medal: 1994, 1998, 2006
Commonwealth Games:
Silver medal: 2006
Bronze medal: 2002
South Asian Games:
Gold medal: 2006, 2010, 2016
Silver medal: 1995
Afro-Asian Games:
Silver medal: 2003
Hockey Champions Challenge:
Silver medal: 2009
Competitive record
Team performance
TBD (to be determined), DNQ (did not qualify), DNP (did not participate)
Records
As of 27 October 2019
Players in bold text are still active with Pakistan
Top goal scorers
Most-capped players
Players
Officials
Current players
Squad as of 22 Jul 2022 for 2022 Commonwealth Games, Birmingham.
Results and fixtures
2021
Asian Hockey Champions Trophy
2022
2022 Hockey Asia Cup2022 Commonwealth Games
Head-to-head record
Record last updated as of the following matches:
Pakistan vs Bangladesh at Jakarta, 2022 Hockey Asia Cup, 1 June 2022
See also
Pakistan Hockey League
India–Pakistan field hockey rivalry
References
External links
FIH profile
National team
Asian men's national field hockey teams
Field hockey |
20473475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mockava | Mockava | Mockava is a village in Lithuania six km from the border with Poland. The Mockava Railway Station is located northeast of Mockava in the village of Zelionka.
According to the 2011 census, the population of Mockava was 59.
Transport
The Rail Baltica project runs through the area. A break-of-gauge facility at Mockava allows rolling stock to be exchanged between the European standard gauge, , and the gauge of former satellite states of the Soviet Union. To speed up though traffic, a track-gauge changing facility operates, which includes the SUW 2000 variable gauge axle system that allows fitted trains to pass through the break of gauge at walking pace.
References
Villages in Marijampolė County |
20473478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Paul | Daniel Paul | Daniel Paul (born August 16, 1943 in Plourivo) is a French politician who was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Seine-Maritime's 8th constituency, and was a member of the Gauche démocrate et républicaine.
References
1943 births
Living people
People from Côtes-d'Armor
French Communist Party politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Politicians from Normandy |
17336077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynir%20B%C3%B6%C3%B0varsson | Reynir Böðvarsson | Reynir Böðvarsson is an Icelandic seismologist working at Uppsala University in Sweden. He is responsible for the Swedish National Seismology Network.
External
Seismology Institute Uppsala University
Swedish National Seismology Net Homepage
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Uppsala University faculty
Seismologists
Reynir Bodvarsson
Reynir Bodvarsson
Reynir Bodvarsson |
6904529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Municipal%2C%20Schifflange | Stade Municipal, Schifflange | Stade Municipal is a football stadium in Schifflange, in south-western Luxembourg and is currently the home stadium of FC Schifflange 95. The stadium has a capacity of 3,500.
References
World Stadiums - Luxembourg
Municipal, Schifflange
Schifflange |
44503889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20churches%20in%20Kalundborg%20Municipality | List of churches in Kalundborg Municipality | This list of churches in Kalundborg Municipality lists church buildings in Kalundborg Municipality, Denmark. The municipality is situated on the northwestern part of the island of Zealand and also comprises the smaller islands of Sejerø and Nekselø.
Overview
Kalundborg Municipality belongs to the Diocese of Roskilde, a diocese within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark. It is divided into 34 parishes. The parish of Gierslev contains two churches, Gierslev Church and Vester Løve Church. Ubberup Church belongs to a so-called valgmenighed.
The municipality's largest and most notable church is the five-towered Church of Our Lady which stands on a hill above the historical centre of Kalundborg. Apart from that, the area is characterized by its many white-washed parish churches from the 13th century. The churches in Gørlev, Rørby, Sæby, Tømmerup, Viskinge and Ørslev all feature medieval church frescos.
List
See also
List of churches in Odsherred Municipality
List of churches in Næstved Municipality
References
External links
Nordens kirker: Nordvestsjælland
Churches
Kalundborg |
26719692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep%20Our%20Fire%20Burning | Keep Our Fire Burning | "Keep Our Fire Burning" is a single by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks. The single was only released in Finland.
Keep Our Fire Burning is an old Hanoi Rocks-song from 1983, that was never recorded on a release or played live. Guitarist Andy McCoy had originally written the song for a popular Japanese pop-artist Yasuaki Honda, and for his album Angel Of Glass. The song featured lyrics dealing with love, and are different from on this release. The next time the song was released by Pelle Miljoona in 1996 under the name "Kaipaan sua" ("I miss you" in English), on his Hyvät pahat ja hitit 2-compilation, again with different lyrics. Pelle Miljoona recorded the song again a year later with a new band. This version also featured Andy McCoy on guitar.
When McCoy and Monroe reformed Hanoi Rocks in the early 2000s, Monroe found the song in a pile of old demo-tapes, and wanted the reborn Hanoi Rocks to record it. Monroe and McCoy wrote new lyrics to the song, and McCoy changed the intro of the song a little.
The B-side of the single, "Heaven Is Gonna Be Empty", is a cover of the Pearl Harbour song. Neither of the songs were featured on the band's album Another Hostile Takeover, but were released to promote the album.
Track listing
"Keep Our Fire Burning" - 3:49(McCoy/Monroe)
"Heaven Is Gonna Be Empty" - 2:47(Pearl Harbour)
Personnel
Michael Monroe - Lead vocals, saxophone, guitar, percussion
Andy McCoy - Lead guitar, backing vocals
Stevie Klasson - Rhythm guitar
Timpa Laine - Bass
Lacu - Drums
Pate Kivinen - Piano
Chart positions
Singles
References
Hanoi Rocks songs
2004 songs
Songs written by Andy McCoy
Songs written by Michael Monroe |
17336117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ALMA%20de%20M%C3%A9xico%20destinations | List of ALMA de México destinations | This is a list of cities and airports that ALMA de México served (as of June 2008):
Mexico
Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes (Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport)
Baja California
Tijuana (General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport) focus city
Baja California Sur
La Paz (Manuel Márquez de León International Airport)
Campeche
Campeche (Ing. Alberto Acuña Ongay International Airport)
Chiapas
Tuxtla Gutierrez (Angel Albino Corzo International Airport)
Chihuahua
Chihuahua (General Roberto Fierro Villalobos International Airport)
Ciudad Juárez (Abraham González International Airport)
Coahuila
Torreón (Francisco Sarabia International Airport)
Guanajuato
León (Del Bajío International Airport)
Estado de México
Toluca (Lic. Adolfo López Mateos International Airport)
Jalisco
Guadalajara (Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport) Hub
Puerto Vallarta (Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport)
Michoacan
Morelia (General Francisco J. Mujica International Airport)
Nuevo León
Monterrey (General Mariano Escobedo International Airport)
Oaxaca
Oaxaca (Xoxocotlán International Airport)
Puebla
Puebla (Hermanos Serdán International Airport)
Querétaro
Querétaro (Querétaro International Airport)
Quintana Roo
Cancún (Cancún International Airport)
Chetumal (Chetumal International Airport)
Sinaloa
Los Mochis (Federal del Valle del Fuerte International Airport)
Mazatlán (General Rafael Buelna International Airport)
Tabasco
Villahermosa (Carlos Rovirosa Pérez International Airport)
Tamaulipas
Ciudad Victoria (General Pedro J. Méndez International Airport)
Reynosa (General Lucio Blanco International Airport)
Tampico (General Francisco Javier Mina International Airport)
Veracruz
Poza Rica (El Tajín National Airport)
Veracruz (General Heriberto Jara International Airport)
Yucatán
Mérida (Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport)
References
ALMA de Mexico |
20473482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Haley | Len Haley | Leonard Frank "Comet" Haley (born September 15, 1931) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player who played 30 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings during the 1959–60 and 1960–61 seasons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1951 to 1972, was mainly spent in the minor Western Hockey League.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
External links
1931 births
Living people
Brandon Regals players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Detroit Red Wings players
Edmonton Flyers (WHL) players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
New Haven Blades players
Omaha Knights (CHL) players
Omaha Knights (USHL) players
San Diego Gulls (WHL) players
San Francisco Seals (ice hockey) players
Saskatoon Quakers players
Seattle Totems (WHL) players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players |
17336122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camayenne%20Sofa | Camayenne Sofa | Camayenne Sofa were one of the most influential popular music groups in Guinea, West Africa in the 1970s. They recorded on the national Syliphone label.
Discography
La Percee (Syllart)
Attaque (Syllart)
A Grands Pas
References
Guinean musical groups
Musical groups established in 1974
Musical groups disestablished in 1975 |
6904533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert%20I%20of%20Spoleto | Lambert I of Spoleto | Lambert I (died 880) was the duke and margrave (dux et marchio) of Spoleto on two occasions, first from 859 to 871 and then from 876 to his death.
Lambert was the eldest son of Guy I of Spoleto and Itta, daughter of Sico of Benevento. He married Judith, daughter of Eberhard of Friuli.
In his first year of rule, he joined Gerard, count of the Marsi; Maielpoto, gastald of Telese; and Wandelbert, gastald of Boiano, to prevent Sawdan, the Saracen emir of Bari, from reentering his city after a campaign against Capua and the Lavorno. Despite a bloody battle, he successfully entered Bari.
In April 860, Lambert joined with Hildebert, count of Camerino, in rebelling against the Emperor Louis II. Chased by an imperial army into the Marsi, from there they fled to Benevento and took refuge under Prince Adelchis. Louis surrounded the city and pardoned both Lambert and his protector in return for their loyalty. Hildebert, however, fled further to Bari.
In 866, Louis unsuccessfully besieged Landulf II, the count-bishop of Capua. He even granted Lambert the county of Capua to continue the siege. At that moment, the duchy of Spoleto had reached its greatest extent.
Lambert left the siege of Capua and went Rome after the election of Adrian II on 13 November 867. On 13 December, Lambert plundered Rome during the papal coronation ceremony. He was promptly excommunicated and, as the emperor supported Adrian's pontificate, lost the patronage of Louis. It was three years before he rebelled a second time, though. In 871, after the emperor greatly increased his power and prestige by capturing Bari, Lambert allied with Guaifer of Salerno, Sergius II of Naples, and Adelchis of Benevento and entered into open revolt against the emperor. The Saracens, however, landed new forces and attacked Salerno. Adelchis, who had imprisoned the emperor while Lambert was staying in Benevento, released his captive to lead the forces against the infidels. The free emperor immediately deposed Lambert from his imperial position and replaced him with Suppo III, a cousin of his wife Engelberga.
Louis returned to the Mezzogiorno in 873, the pope having absolved him from the oaths he had sworn to Adelchis in return for liberty. He besieged Benevento, but failed to take Lambert. After his death, he was replaced as emperor by his uncle Charles the Bald, who reappointed Lambert to his old post in Spoleto (February or June 876). He also appointed Lambert's younger brother Guy as margrave of Camerino with the job of protecting the pope. On 16 July, at Ponthion, Charles confirmed the donation of a large part of Spoletan territory to the papacy, but Lambert was still the most powerful lord in the central peninsula and a practically independent prince.
In 877, Charles died and Lambert supported Carloman of Bavaria over Charles' heir, Louis the Stammerer, for the kingship of Italy and the emperorship. Lambert himself entered Rome with the intent of making himself king, but was dissuaded by Pope John VIII. In March 878, Lambert and Adalbert I of Tuscany forced the populace to acknowledge Carloman as king. The two then besieged the pope in the Leonine City for thirty days and John fled Rome for Troyes. At Troyes, he held a synod in which he offered to crown Louis the Stammerer emperor, adopted Boso of Arles as his son, and excommunicated his Italian enemies (Lambert and Adalbert). The pope even accused Lambert of desiring the imperial crown for himself, which is probable considering the subsequent history of his dynasty.
Lambert returned his sights to Capua after this Roman episode. He died besieging that city in 880. He was succeeded by his son Guy II. His brother Guy became king and emperor, as did his nephew and namesake Lambert II. The Archbishop of Rheims Fulk the Venerable, cautioned Lambert II against following his eponymous uncle's example.
Notes
Sources
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LXIII Labroca – Laterza. Rome, 2004.
9th-century dukes of Spoleto
Marquesses of Spoleto
Guideschi dynasty
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
9th-century births
880 deaths
Year of birth unknown
9th-century Lombard people |
17336137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Mass%20Krakow%202004 | Black Mass Krakow 2004 | Black Mass Krakow 2004 is a live concert DVD by the Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth. It was released by Metal Mind on 9 June 2008 in Europe and on 8 July 2008 in the US. The DVD is of the band's controversial 2004 concert that was filmed in a TV studio in Kraków, Poland. The DVD also includes live footage from the Full Force Festival Leipzig 2000, band biography, discography, photo gallery, desktop images and web links, and is compatible with Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound.
Controversy
The concert featured sheep heads on stakes, "crucified" nude models, Satanic symbols and eighty litres of sheeps' blood. The band was criticised for violating Polish anti-blasphemy laws as well as Polish animal rights laws. A police investigation took place with allegations of a religious offence (which is prosecutable under Polish law) and cruelty to animals. Though these charges were considered, the band was not charged as it was ruled that they were unaware of the fact that what they were doing was illegal, although the concert organiser was eventually fined 10,000zł in 2007, as he knew about it and neither informed the band that it was against the law nor intervened. The whole controversy led to the band being dropped from the roster of the Nuclear Blast Tour and the footage of the concert being confiscated by the police.
Track listing
Personnel
Gaahl – vocals
Infernus – guitar
King ov Hell – bass guitar
Kvitrafn – drums
Apollyon – guitar
See also
Gorgoroth discography
References
Gorgoroth albums
Black metal controversies
2008 live albums
2008 video albums
Live video albums
Metal Mind Productions video albums |
17336162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20Park%2C%20New%20Westminster | Queen's Park, New Westminster | Queen's Park is a neighbourhood and community park in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.
The recreational area and tourist attraction dates from 1887. The park is in extent, and is located north east of the city hall. The park houses Queen's Park Arena, current home of the New Westminster Salmonbellies, a stadium, seasonal animal petting farm, spray park, tennis courts, sports fields and band shell.
Queen's Park residential area is to the southwest of the park, bounded on the northwest by 6th Avenue, on the southwest by 6th Street, on the southeast by Royal Avenue, and on the north by the park itself.
History
1859 to 1900
Queen's Park was the first established public park in British Columbia, as New Westminster was established in 1859. Originally, the park was named 'Queen's Ravine' by Colonel Richard Clement Moody. In the 1870s, the reserve in which the park was in was split into an area for a penitentiary, asylum, and the park itself. The park was officially declared open in 1887 as a celebration of Queen Victoria's 50th year as a monarch. In 1890, an exhibition building was built which could house up to 5,000 people. The building was created for viewing of the athletic fields and race track.
1901 to 1945
The first zoo was built in the park in 1906 by the local firemen, which contained animals such as bears and cougars. The New Westminster Arena was built in 1914 with the original intention of housing horse competitions, but was transformed into an ice rink instead. During the First World War, the park was used as a training site for the Royal Expeditionary Force. The buildings were also transformed into barracks to house the soldiers in training. In 1929, there was a large fire which destroyed most of the buildings in Queen's Park, and the area was not restored until much later, due to the Great Depression. The park was later turned again into training grounds and housing for soldiers in the Westminster Regiment during the Second World War.
See also
Tipperary Park
References
External links
New Westminster Parks, Culture & Recreation
Neighbourhoods in New Westminster
Parks in Greater Vancouver |
44503901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Satterwhite%20Blease | Eugene Satterwhite Blease | Eugene Satterwhite Blease was the chief justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court from 1931 to 1934.
Blease graduated from Newberry College in Newberry, South Carolina and then worked as a teacher. In 1899, he was admitted to the South Carolina bar. Blease practiced law in Saluda and was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Saluda county in 1901 and 1902. He was Saluda County's state senator in 1905 and 1906. In September 1905, Blease shot and killed his brother-in-law, and was imprisoned until his acquittal on April 11, 1906.
After moving to Newberry, he was the mayor of Newberry in 1920 and 1921 and then served in the House from 1922 until 1924. In 1926 he was elected as an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court and was elevated to Chief Justice in 1931. Because of his health, he issued a letter of resignation on March 28, 1934, as effective October 8, 1934. In 1942, he returned to politics but lost in a close election for the United States Senate to Burnet R. Maybank. He is buried at the Rosemont Cemetery in Newberry, South Carolina.
References
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1877 births
1963 deaths |
26719738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Way%20Ticket%20%282008%20film%29 | One Way Ticket (2008 film) | One Way Ticket is a 2008 Indian Malayalam-language film by Bipin Prabhakar starring Prithviraj Sukumaran and Bhama in lead roles and Mammootty in a cameo appearance.
Plot
Kunjappu aka Jahangir (Prithviraj Sukumaran) is a jeep-driver who is a die-hard fan of Mammootty and also is the General Secretary of the Malappuram District unit of the Mammootty Fans’ Association. His family consists of his mother and three sisters, two of whom are married. They all want to see Kunjappu married and so a marriage-broker named Beeran is behind him in finding a match for Kunjappu.
Kunjappu has an uncle who keeps a distance from Kunjappu and his family. He has a young daughter called Sajira. To irritate this uncle, Kunjappu always goes about saying that he would marry only Sajira. The uncle takes it seriously and to prevent this from happening, he helps Beeran find more and more girls for Kunjappu, but he rejects all the proposals brought by Beeran.
In the meantime Kunjappu goes to attend a wedding and there he sees a girl called Raziya singing the Oppana. He tells his family that he is in love with Raziya, and that he intends to marry her. His uncle learns about this from Beeran and is happy. Preparations for the marriage begins. And then one day Kunjappu goes to Raziya’s college to meet her. And there he learns that it Raziya is a different girl and the girl he fell in love was Sunanda. Sunanda has an uncle named Karunakaran Ezhuthachchan. He and his son Sasi intend to grab Sunanda’s property and assets. Situations become worse from there and the 'Mega Star' Mammootty himself, had to intervene to solve the issues.
Cast
Prithviraj Sukumaran - Jahangir a.k.a. Kunjappu
Bhama - Sunanda
Balachandran Chullikadu - Balan Master
Nishanth Sagar - Bhadran
Govindankutty
Jaffar Idukki as Chandran
Aniyappan as Murali
Jagadish - Salahudeen
Salim Kumar - Sakkath Beeran
Tini Tom - Chandran
Manianpilla Raju
Sadiq
Prajod Kalabhavan
Radhika - Sajira
Jagathy Sreekumar - Bava Haji
Minu Kurian - Bava Haji's Wife
Thilakan - Karunakaran Ezhuthachan
Ambika Mohan - Sunanda's mother, (Gomathi)
Maya Viswanath
Lakshmi Priya - Zeenath
Manjusha Sathish - Amina
Deepika Mohan
Bose Venkat
Mammootty - Himself (Guest Appearance)
References
External links
2008 films
2000s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Rahul Raj |
17336212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Silver%20Chamber%20of%20Sorrows | The Silver Chamber of Sorrows | The Silver Chamber of Sorrows (Traditional Chinese: 銀樓金粉) is a TVB period drama series broadcast in April 2008. It stars Nancy Sit, Paul Chun, Ng Wai Kwok, Christine Ng, Shirley Yeung, Winnie Young, Jack Wu, Rebecca Chan & Nancy Wu.
Synopsis
A rich family is ruled by lust
A hymn is mourned over by feuds
Sheung's Silver Chamber, the largest jewel company in Foshan, Guangdong, is facing serious financial difficulties. In order to obtain a loan from Shum’s family, Sheung Hang (Paul Chun), owner of the Chamber, together with his primary wife, Choi Siu-Tip (Nancy Sit), plot to arrange marriage between Sheung Wan (Ng Wai Kwok), Hang’s younger brother, and Shum Wing-Tung (Winnie Young), daughter of Shum’s family. Fueled by hatred, Ching Sau-Hang (Christine Ng), Wan’s lover, marries Hang and ironically becomes Wan’s sister-in-law. Wan falls out with Hang, and opts to live abroad and disconnects from his family.
After leaving home for years, Wan does not return home until the occasion to celebrate his father’s birthday. Unfortunately on the night before the occasion, Sheung Shai Jo, the only son of Hang, steals his grandfather's present for his greed and as a result causes his grandfather to agitate and pass away while his mother pushed the blame to Hang, Wan and Sau-Hang. As a result, all the evil deeds and secrets of the family are revealed one by one as the dark age of the family approaches...
Cast
Viewership ratings
Awards and nominations
41st TVB Anniversary Awards (2008)
Nominations
"Best Drama"
"Best Actress in a Leading Role" (Nancy Sit - Choi Siu-Dip)
"Best Actress in a Supporting Role" (Nancy Wu - Ha Fei-Fei)
"My Favourite Female Character" (Christine Ng - Ching Sau-Hang)
References
External links
TVB.com The Silver Chamber of Sorrows - Official Website
Review
TVB dramas
2008 Hong Kong television series debuts
2008 Hong Kong television series endings |
26719748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Copland | Charles Copland | Charles MacAlester Copland was an Anglican priest.
Born into an ecclesiastical family on 5 April 1910 and educated at Denstone College, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and Ripon College Cuddesdon, he was ordained in 1934 and began his career with a curacy at Peterborough Parish Church, after which he was a Mission Priest in Chanda District, Maharashtra, until 1953. He was then Rector of St Mary's, Arbroath until 1959 when he became Provost of St John's Cathedral, Oban-a post he held for twenty years. Between 1977 and 1979 he was also Dean of Argyll and The Isles.
He died four months short of his hundredth year on 12 December 2009.
Notes
1910 births
2009 deaths
People educated at Denstone College
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon
Scottish Episcopalian clergy
Provosts of St John's Cathedral, Oban
Deans of Argyll and The Isles |
17336221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20J.%20H.%20Wright | Christopher J. H. Wright | Christopher J. H. Wright (born 1947) is a missiologist, an Anglican clergyman and an Old Testament scholar. He is currently the International Ministries Director of Langham Partnership International. He was the principal of All Nations Christian College. He is an honorary member of All Souls Church, Langham Place in London, UK.
Life
Childhood and education
Wright was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1947. His parents were missionaries in Brazil, though Chris as the youngest son was born after they came back at the end of the Second World War. He grew up in Belfast and was nurtured as an Irish Presbyterian. He studied classics at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge in the 1960s, and then started his career as a high-school teacher in Grosvenor High School, Belfast. In the 1970s he studied for his PhD at Cambridge University in Cambridge, England, in the field of Theology, specialising in Old Testament economic ethics; his book from this work was published as God's People in God's Land (Eerdmans and Paternoster).
Early professional experience
Wright was ordained in the Anglican Church of England in 1977 and served as an assistant pastor in the Parish Church of St. Peter & St. Paul, Tonbridge, Kent, England.
Foreign mission service
In 1983 Wright moved to India with his wife, Liz, and four children to teach at Union Biblical Seminary (UBS) in Pune for five years. At this time he and Liz were mission partners with Crosslinks, an evangelical Anglican mission agency. While at UBS he taught a variety of Old Testament courses at B.D. and M.Th. levels.
All Nations Christian College
In 1988 Wright returned to the UK as academic dean at All Nations Christian College, an international training centre for crosscultural mission. He was appointed principal there in September 1993 and held that post for eight years.
Current role
In September 2001 Wright was appointed to his present role as the International Ministries Director of the Langham Partnership International (LPI).
Wright and his wife belong to All Souls Church, Langham Place, where he enjoys preaching from time to time as a member of the ministry team. This is also the church, of course, where LPI's founder, John Stott, was rector emeritus.
Personal life
Wright enjoys running, birding and watching rugby football. He has a passion to bring to life the relevance of the Old Testament to Christian mission and ethics. He has written several books mostly on that area. He loves preaching and teaching the Bible, which he does now mostly through the Langham Preaching seminars in different parts of the world. When not travelling around the world for this ministry, and giving international leadership to LPI, Chris gives about three months of each year to his continuing writing projects.
Wright and his wife Liz live in London and have four adult children and 11 grandchildren(Daisy, Dylan, Simeon, Joseph, Lawrence, Josh, Ellie, Isabel, Ethan, Samuel, Benjamin).
He is of no relation to N.T. Wright
Writing
User's Guide to the Bible (Lion Manuals), Chariot Victor, 1984
God's People in God's Land: Family, Land and Property in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Exeter, UK: Paternoster, 1990
Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament, Harpercollins, 1990
Tested by Fire. Daniel 1-6: Solid Faith in today’s world, Scripture Union, 1993
Walking in the Ways of the Lord: The Ethical Authority of the Old Testament, Intervarsity Press, 1995
Deuteronomy (New International Biblical Commentary),Hendrickson, 1996
The Uniqueness of Jesus. Thinking Clearly Series. Mill Hill, London and Grand Rapids: Monarch. Reprint 2001. Available in the United States through Kregel Publications, P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501), 1997
The Message of Ezekiel (The Bible Speaks Today), Intervarsity Press, 2001
Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Leicester, England, and Downers Grove, Ill.: Inter-Varsity Press. Revised, updated and expanded version of Living as the People of God and An Eye for an Eye, 2004
The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible's Grand Narrative, IVP Academic, 2006
Life Through God's Word: Psalm 119, Milton Keynes, Authentic and Keswick Ministries, 2006
Knowing the Holy Spirit through the Old Testament, Oxford: Monarch Press; Downers Grove: IVP, 2006
Knowing God the Father Through the Old Testament, IVP Academic, 2007
Salvation Belongs to Our God: Celebrating the Bible's Central Story, Global Christian Library, Nottingham: IVP; Christian Doctrine in Global Perspective, Downers Grove: IVP, 2008
The God I Don't Understand: Reflections on Tough Questions of Faith, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009
Mission of God's People The (Biblical Theology for Life), Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010
Sweeter than Honey, Langham Preaching Resources, 2015
Becoming like Jesus, Langham Preaching Resources, 2016
How to Preach and Teach the Old Testament for All Its Worth, Zondervan Academic, 2016
Let the Gospels Preach the Gospel, Langham Preaching Resources, 2017
References
External links
Langham Partnership International
All Souls Church
1947 births
20th-century Anglican theologians
20th-century Church of England clergy
20th-century English theologians
British biblical scholars
English Anglican theologians
Evangelical Anglican biblical scholars
Evangelical Anglican clergy
Living people
Old Testament scholars
Clergy from Belfast
Bible commentators |
44503925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti%20tippmodell%20%28season%203%29 | Eesti tippmodell (season 3) | Eesti tippmodell, season 3 is the third installment of the Estonian adaptation of America's Next Top Model founded by Tyra Banks. The judges for this season are Urmas Väljaots, Thomas Volkmann, and Liisi Eesmaa, who also serves as the show's host. This was the first season of the show to feature males within the final cast. The season began to air on December 4, 2014.
The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Aule Õun from Karksi-Nuia. As her prizes she received an all expenses paid trip to France to meet with Major model management in Paris. She was also signed with a model school managed by Paolo Moglia. Furthermore, she won the chance of being featured in the April issue of Redbook Magazine as well as making an appearance on the cover of Cosmopolitan.
Episode summaries
Episode 1
Original Air Date: 4 December 2014
Casting episode.
Featured photographer: Oliver Moosus
Episode 2
Original Air Date: 11 December 2014
First call-out: Liise Hanni
Bottom two: Hanna-Maria Sell & Kristina Trees
Eliminated: Hanna-Maria Sell
Featured photographer: James Holm
Episode 3
Original Air Date: 18 December 2014
First call-out: Mona Kattel
Bottom two: Kristina Trees & Stefani Kask
Eliminated: Kristina Trees
Featured photographer: Kristiin Kõosalu
Episode 4
Original Air Date: 8 January 2015
First call-out: Hendrik Adler
Bottom two: Mona Kattel & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: Mona Kattel
Featured photographer: Kristjan Lepp
Episode 5
Original Air Date: 15 January 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Hristina Parimskaja & Kevin Sarapuu
Eliminated: Hristina Parimskaja
Featured photographer: Krõõt Tarkmeel
Episode 6
Original Air Date: 22 January 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Aule Õun & Gerili Narusing
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Erik Riikoja
Episode 7
Original Air Date: 29 January 2015
First call-out: Hendrik Adler
Bottom two: Liise Hanni & Stefani Kask
Eliminated: Stefani Kask
Featured photographer: Kirill Gvozdev
Episode 8
Original Air Date: 5 February 2015
First call-out: Liise Hanni
Bottom two: Hendrik Adler & Kevin Sarapuu
Eliminated: Kevin Sarapuu
Featured photographer: Kalle Veesaar
Episode 9
Original Air Date: 12 February 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Liise Hanni & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Toomas Volkmann
Episode 10
Original Air Date: 19 February 2015
First call-out: None
Bottom two: None
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Alessio Migliardi
Episode 11
Original Air Date: 26 February 2015
First call-out: Gerili Narusing
Bottom two: Aule Õun & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: Sandro Pullakbutu
Featured photographers: Anu Hammer & Aivo Kallas
Episode 12
Original Air Date: 5 March 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Gerili Narusing & Liise Hanni
Eliminated: Gerili Narusing
Featured photographers: Egert Kamenik & Oliver Moosus
Episode 13
Original Air Date: 5 March 2015
Recap episode.
Episode 14
Original Air Date: 12 March 2015
Final four: Aule Õun, Hendrik Adler, Jekaterina Bulgarina & Liise Hanni
Estonia's Next Top Model: Aule Õun
Contestants
(ages are stated at start of contest)
Summaries
Call-out order
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was in a non-elimination bottom two
The contestant won the competition
Episode 1 was the casting episode.
Episode 6 featured a non-elimination bottom two.
In episode 9, Liise and Sandro landed in the bottom two. The judges chose not to eliminate them. Instead, they missed out on the trip overseas the following episode as a punishment.
In episode 10, no panel was held. Only the Milan fashion show and Magnum shoot took place that week.
Episode 13 was the recap episode.
Photo shoot guide
Episode 1 photo shoot: Grouped with dogs in B&W (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Posing with an Opel race car
Episode 3 photo shoot: Modeling with toddlers
Episode 4 photo shoot: 60s fashion with a vintage mustang
Episode 5 photo shoot: Christmas Eve in pairs
Episode 6 photo shoot: Selling shoes on an iceberg
Episode 7 photo shoot: Twofold optical illusion
Episode 8 photo shoot: Roccoco renaissance fashion
Episode 9 photo shoot: Fashion accessories in B&W
Episode 10 photo shoot: Magnum ice cream campaign
Episode 11 photo shoots: Geishas & Taikomochi covered in milk; Cosmopolitan editorial
Episode 12 photo shoots: Underwater fabric; portraying celebrities
Episode 14 photo shoot: Cosmopolitan covers
References
External links
Official Show Website
Eesti tippmodell
2014 Estonian television seasons
2015 Estonian television seasons |
23576590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung%20Kai-lai | Chung Kai-lai | Kai Lai Chung (traditional Chinese: 鍾開萊; simplified Chinese: 钟开莱; September 19, 1917 – June 2, 2009) was a Chinese-American mathematician known for his significant contributions to modern probability theory.
Biography
Chung was a native of Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang Province. Chung entered Tsinghua University in 1936, and initially studied physics at its Department of Physics. In 1940, Chung graduated from the Department of Mathematics of the National Southwestern Associated University, where he later worked as a teaching assistant. During this period, he first studied number theory with Lo-Keng Hua and then probability theory with Pao-Lu Hsu.
In 1944, Chung was chosen to be one of the recipients of the 6th Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program for study in the United States. He arrived at Princeton University in December 1945 and obtained his PhD in 1947. Chung's dissertation was titled “On the maximum partial sum of sequences of independent random variables” and was under the supervision of John Wilder Tukey and Harald Cramér.
In 1950s, Chung taught at the University of Chicago, Columbia University, UC-Berkeley, Cornell University and Syracuse University. He then transferred to Stanford University in 1961, where he made fundamental contributions to the study of Brownian motion and laid the framework for the general mathematical theory of Markov chains. Chung would later be appointed Professor Emeritus of Mathematics of the Department of Mathematics at Stanford.
Chung was regarded as one of the leading probabilists after World War II. He was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in 1958 in Edinburgh and in 1970 in Nice. Some of his most influential contributions have been in the form of his expositions in his textbooks on elementary probability and Markov chains. In addition, Chung also explored other branches of mathematics, such as probabilistic potential theory and gauge theorems for the Schrödinger equation.
Chung's visit to China in 1979 (together with Joseph L. Doob and Jacques Neveu), and his subsequent visits, served as a point of renewed exchange between Chinese probabilists and their Western counterparts. He also served as an external examiner for several universities in the Asian region, including the National University of Singapore.
In 1981, Chung initiated, with Erhan Cinlar and Ronald Getoor, the "Seminars on Stochastic Processes", a popular annual national meeting covering Markov processes, Brownian motion and probability.
Chung also possessed a wide-ranging and intimate knowledge of literature and music, especially opera. He also had an interest in Italian culture and taught himself Italian after he retired. Chung spoke several languages and translated a probability book from Russian to English.
Chung died of natural causes on June 1, 2009, at the age of 91.
Publications
Elementary Probability Theory; by Kai Lai Chung & Farid Aitsahlia; Springer; .
A Course in Probability Theory; by Kai Lai Chung.
Markov Processes with Stationary Transition Probabilities, by Kai Lai Chung.
Selected Works Of Kai Lai Chung; World Scientific Publishing Company; .
Green, Brown, & Probability and Brownian Motion on the Line; by Kai Lai Chung; World Scientific Publishing Company; .
Introduction to stochastic integration (Progress in probability and statistics); K. L. Chung and R. J. Williams.
Introduction to Random Time and Quantum Randomness; by Kai Lai Chung & Jean Claude Zambrini; World Scientific; .
Chance & Choice: Memorabilia; Kai Lai Chung.
Markov Processes, Brownian Motion, and Time Symmetry; (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften); by Kai Lai Chung & John B. Walsh.
From Brownian Motion to Schrödinger's Equation; (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften); Kai Lai Chung & Zhongxin Zhao.
Lectures from Markov Processes to Brownian Motion; (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften); by Kai Lai Chung.
Notes
External links
The Mathematics Genealogy Project: Kai Lai Chung
IMS Bulletin: IMS members’ news – obituary Kai Lai Chung (1917–2009)
Stanford Report: Kai Lai Chung, emeritus math professor, to be remembered at November 6 gathering
Kai Lai Chung died
Oberwolfach Photo Collection: Details for Kai Lai Chung
Tsinghua University Obituary: 世界知名概率学家钟开莱校友去世
Obituary Kai Lai Chung, 1917-2009 Obituary Kai Lai Chung, 1917-2009
1917 births
2009 deaths
Writers from Hangzhou
Republic of China (1912–1949) emigrants to the United States
Tsinghua University alumni
Princeton University alumni
Stanford University Department of Mathematics faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Columbia University faculty
Cornell University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Syracuse University faculty
American statisticians
Probability theorists
Boxer Indemnity Scholarship recipients
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Chinese science writers
National Southwestern Associated University alumni
Mathematicians from New York (state)
20th-century Chinese mathematicians |
26719759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channomuraena%20vittata | Channomuraena vittata | Channomuraena vittata is a rare species of moray eel from the Anguiliformes order found in reefs. It is commonly known as the broadbanded moray, banded moray, Chinese moray, double-ended moray, or the long-jawed moray.
Detailed description
The broadbanded moray is a large, thick, muscular moray that can grow up to 150 cm in length, although its common length is 80cm. The fins are confined to the posterior part of the tail, which is short and lacks pectoral and pelvic fins. It has no scales and produces a mucus over its thick skin. It has rather small eyes positioned at the end of the short snout. It has numerous and short, sharp teeth inserted into a large and profound jaw that extends back into the head. In addition, there is a second jaw, the pharyngeal jaw located further down the throat, used to capture and transport the prey into the throat. It possesses a posterior nostril in short tube. It has gills positioned far back behind the head. Its anus is located at the posterior third of the total length of its body.
Determination sign
The distinctive features are the small cranium, the anterior position of the eyes, an enlarged lower jaw that projects beyond upper jaw and 13 to 16 dark bars or bands throughout the body.
Occurrence
Only native cases have been found, no invasive species.
Atlantic ocean: Ascension Island, the Cape Verde Islands, Annobon Island, and Sao Tome Island, Bermuda, the Bahamas, in the Gulf of Mexico from northwestern Cuba, in the Caribbean from Mona Island, Puerto Rico to St. Vincent, Colombia, Curacao to Margarita Island, St. Paul's Rocks and Brazil (Bahia).
In the Indo-pacific: Reunion and Mauritius and Christmas Island, Palau, and the Hawaiian Islands, Kiribati Island, Palmyra Island, Micronesia (Pohnpei), Indonesia (Bali).
Ecology
Habitat: Subtidal rocks, rocky reefs and coral reefs. It is an uncommon bottom dwelling species. Uniquely snake-like in appearance and behavior, it is a benthic and solitary species mostly found in outer reef slopes under ledges and in holes. It is secretive and nocturnal.
Depth range: 5 - 100 meters, but usually around 40 meters of depth.
Food
Being a relatively newly discovered species, its feeding habits are still unknown.
Spawning
Moray eels are known to have very long migrations for spawning in open waters, where the eggs are then fertilized by the male outside of the female’s body, yet the spawning rituals specific for the broadbanded moray are still unknown, as they are hard to capture.
Importance
This species is captured occasionally and consumed in local fisheries. It is also known to be sought for aquarium fish trade.
Conservation/risk
There are currently no major threats to this species apart from the occasional impact from local fisheries and the aquarium trade.
There are no species-specific conservation measures.
Legislation
According to the IUCN Red List Status, it is classified as Least Concern.
References
Böhlke, E.B., McCosker, J.E. and Böhlke, J.E. 1989. Family Muraenidae.
Böhlke, E.B. and McCosker, J.E. 1997. Review of the moray eel genus Scuticaria and included species
https://churaumi.okinawa/en/fishbook/1459836498/
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/190071/78938337
https://www.fishbase.de/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1097&lang=english
Muraenidae
Fish described in 1845
Fish of the Dominican Republic |
17336241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandid%20Jaiyen | Bandid Jaiyen | Bandid Jaiyen is a former badminton player who won numerous Thai national titles and also excelled internationally between the late 1960s and the early 1980s.
Career
Thailand's leading singles player for a decade, the diminutive Jaiyen performed exceptionally well in Thomas Cup (men's international team) competition. He played a leading role in Thailand's upset win over Malaysia in Asian zone final of the 1973 Thomas Cup series. Noted for his exquisite strokes and tactical astuteness, he was the only player to win a match against an Indonesian opponent in the 1976 Thomas Cup series, and was one of only two to do so in the 1973 series. Among other international tournaments, Jaiyen won the South East Asian Peninsular singles title in 1975, the Canadian Open singles title in 1976, and the Auckland International singles title in 1977.
Achievements
Asian Games
Mixed doubles
Asian Championships
Men's singles
Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
Men's singles
Men's doubles
International tournaments
Men's singles
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
References
Bandid Jaiyen
Living people
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Badminton players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 1970 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1974 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1978 Asian Games
Bandid Jaiyen
Bandid Jaiyen
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Bandid Jaiyen
Southeast Asian Games medalists in badminton
Competitors at the 1973 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1950 births |
6904541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Single%20Woman%20%28play%29 | A Single Woman (play) | A Single Woman is a play based on the life of Jeannette Rankin, the first woman in the United States Congress. First drafted as a one-woman show by Nevada Shakespeare Company founding Artistic Director, Jeanmarie Simpson, it developed into a "duet performance work" by the time it premiered at the Oats Park Art Center in Fallon, Nevada on February 7, 2004.
The play subsequently toured internationally with hundreds of grassroots including a 4-week run at The Culture Project Off-Broadway in the summer of 2005. The play closed at the Invisible Theatre in Tucson, Arizona on November 5, 2006.
Artists
In addition to being a theatre artist, Simpson, the author and performer of the title role, is a peace activist. Many performances of the play have been fundraisers for individual branches and the national office of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), in addition to hundreds of other peace and justice organizations including United Methodist Church's Social Justice and Global Ministries, Jews for Peace, Planned Parenthood, American Civil Liberties Union, Veterans for Peace, American Friends Service Committee and many others. A Single Woman was also produced by the Tennessee Women's Theater Project as their inaugural production.
Cameron Crain, who created the role of 'Everyman' in the play, also directed the production that toured the United States. Simpson directed the production in New York, initially with Claudia Schneider and Les Misérables veteran, Neal Mayer, in the roles. Midway through, Simpson stepped in and completed the run as Rankin.
See also
Jeannette Rankin
Jane Addams
Raging Grannies
A Single Woman (film)
References
External links
Sacramento News and Review Hudson Review
Sacramento News and Review Feature 1
Reno News and Review Feature
Reno News and Review Jesch Review
Interview for PR Log
American plays adapted into films
Plays based on actual events
2004 plays
Jeannette Rankin |
26719765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Pascoe | Barry Pascoe | Barry George Pascoe (23 January 1944 – 23 June 2007) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Pascoe started his career at North Adelaide in the SANFL, amassing 25 games as a ruck-rover. He spent 12 months on the sidelines in 1966 in order to be cleared to join his brother Bob at North Melbourne.
After just one season, he crossed to St Kilda to again play beside his brother, who had left following a pay dispute. He had a good first season in 1968, playing 20 games and finishing as the club's fourth best vote getter in the Brownlow Medal count. Despite being used as a ruck-over he became known for his ability to find goals and the following season kicked 13 goals for the second successive year. A cruciate ligament injury to his knee ended his career in 1970.
References
1944 births
North Adelaide Football Club players
North Melbourne Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
2007 deaths |
6904542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Krug | Barbara Krug | Barbara Krug (born 6 May 1956, in Leipzig) is a retired East German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.
At the 1978 European Championships she won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 m relay, together with teammates Christiane Marquardt, Christina Lathan and Marita Koch. Krug then finished fourth at the 1979 European Indoor Championships.
Krug, Lathan and Koch remained on the relay team for the 1980 Summer Olympics, with Gabriele Löwe replacing Christiane Marquardt. The team won the Olympic silver medal in 4 × 400 m relay.
Krug competed for the club SC DHfK Leipzig during her active career.
References
Sources
Dictionary of Women Worldwide. 25,000 women through the ages. Three volumes. Edited by Anne Commire. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications, 2007.
1956 births
Living people
East German female sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of East Germany
Olympic silver medalists for East Germany
Athletes from Leipzig
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic female sprinters |
6904563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstrees | Crosstrees | Crosstrees are the two horizontal spars at the upper ends of the topmasts of sailing ships, used to anchor the shrouds from the topgallant mast. Similarly, they may be mounted at the upper end of the topgallant to anchor the shrouds from the royal mast (if fitted). Similar transverse spars remain on steam ship and motor vessel masts to secure wire antennae or signal flag halyards.
Explanation
Any vertical structure like a mast is subject to dynamic swaying stress from wind, which levers immense force at the base of the mast. Such stress is countered through guy ropes which are diagonally supporting ropes from mast top to its base. These ropes share the load on the mast tops and communicate that force to the base structure.
The taller the mast, the wider a base is required for the guy wires so as to form an appropriate angular support against the sway the mast is exposed to. Yet, ships are fixed in their beam (width) and hence only a limited angle is possible for the guy-ropes to support very high masts. Thereby, the taller the ship's mast, the more narrow and unfeasible would be the angle between its support wires and its top. This is where a simple innovation like the crosstree helps to overcome such limitation.
The Crosstree serves as a fresh base to spread the next level of supporting guy ropes, thereby providing a stable height extension to the masts. Without the crosstree, the ship's mast would have been severely limited in height, in relation to the width (beam) of the ship.
Each crosstree serves to spread another level of holding ropes on a fresh wider spar so as to provide support to the next mast top section. Effectively, the crosstree allows to extend the height, mount yet another layer of sail shrouds and option more wind power to the ships. The crosstree also serves to spread the shroud tops.
See tops for the description of their purpose. On modern rigs the same function is provided by spreaders.
Sources
External links
Sailing rigs and rigging |
26719835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud%20Rashdan | Mahmoud Rashdan | Mahmoud Rashdan (born 28 September 1986) is a Qatari footballer who is currently playing for Al Kharitiyath.
External links
QSL.com.qa profile
Goalzz.com profile
1986 births
Living people
Al-Rayyan SC players
Al Kharaitiyat SC players
Qatar Stars League players
Qatari footballers
Association football midfielders |
6904568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaceful%20World%20%28album%29 | Peaceful World (album) | Peaceful World is the eighth studio album (a double-LP) by rock band The Rascals, released on May 5, 1971. It peaked at number 122 on the Billboard 200 chart. In Canada, the album reached number 50. The single "Love Me" reached number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100.
History
Vocalist Eddie Brigati left the Rascals in August 1970, with guitarist Gene Cornish leaving the following month. By October, a new lineup of the Rascals was assembled featuring original members Felix Cavaliere (vocals/keyboards) and Dino Danelli (drums), and several new players, including ex-Paul Butterfield Blues Band guitarist Buzz Feiten and vocalist Annie Sutton. Peaceful World was the first album featuring this new version of the band. It was also the Rascals' first album for the CBS/Columbia label, after almost six years with Atlantic Records.
Many of the songs on Peaceful World were jazz-influenced, as opposed to the "blue-eyed soul" style of the Rascals' heyday; the title track, in particular, was a long piece featuring improvisation and multiple extended solos.
Peaceful World was reissued along with The Island of Real on the BGO label in 2008.
Reception
Writing for Allmusic, critic Jim Newsom praised the album and wrote Peaceful World was "a wonderful blend of soul, jazz, and funk that never found an audience.. Despite its lack of commercial success, this was an artistic triumph for Felix Cavaliere... his ambitious album took the Rascals to the place Cavaliere had been headed over the course of the last couple of albums—but, sadly, the fans didn't follow." Robert Christgau admired the change of direction the album took to jazz, but also wrote; "Yet in the end the jazz musicians he's signed on—Fathead Newman, Joe Farrell, Pepper Adams, Ron Carter—aren't especially well-suited to popularize Coltrane and Pharoah and Sun Ra. And even if Felix were singing enough, he wouldn't be singing very good stuff—composition has never been his strength..."
In his review for the reissue of Peaceful World/The Island of Real, critic Thom Jurek wrote of the album " Peaceful World is a sprawling yet very focused collection of songs... The remarkable aspect of this gorgeous record is that it sounds vintage but not dated. The production is clean, the funk is in the cut, and the communication between musicians in the charts is tight."
Track listing
All songs by Felix Cavaliere; except "In and Out of Love" & "Icy Water" by Buzzy Feiten
Side 1
"Sky Trane" – 5:47
"In and Out of Love" – 3:13
"Bit of Heaven" – 3:30
"Love Me" – 3:48
Side 2
"Mother Nature Land" – 3:31
"Icy Water" – 4:31
"Happy Song" – 3:42
"Love Letter" – 5:27
Side 3
"Little Dove" – 6:30
"Visit to Mother Nature Land" – 5:04
"Getting Nearer" – 8:57
Side 4
"Peaceful World" – 21:25
Personnel
Felix Cavaliere – vocals, keyboards, marimba, organ, piano
Dino Danelli – drums
Howard "Buzz" Feiten – guitar, bass, background vocals
Annie Sutton – vocals
Linc Chamberland – guitar, horn arrangements
Gerald Jemmott – bass
Robert Popwell – bass
Chuck Rainey – bass
William Salter – bass
Hubert Laws – flute
Alice Coltrane – harp
Pepper Adams – baritone saxophone
Garnett Brown – horn, trombone
Ron Carter – bass
Joe Farrell – flute, soprano sax, tenor sax
Molly Holt – background vocals
Buddy Buono – background vocals
Cynthia Webb – background vocals
Ralph MacDonald – bells, conga, percussion, shaker, talking drum
Joe Newman – trumpet
Ernie Royal – trumpet
Jon Robert Smith (born 1946) – saxophone
Ernie Wilkins – saxophone
James Green, Jerry Lee Smith - recording engineer
Bob Irwin - mastering engineer
References
1971 albums
The Rascals albums
Albums produced by Felix Cavaliere
Columbia Records albums |
6904575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%20Fellows%20Hall%20%28Covington%2C%20Kentucky%29 | Odd Fellows Hall (Covington, Kentucky) | The Odd Fellows Hall in Covington, Kentucky is located at the northeast corner of Fifth Street and Madison Avenue. It was constructed in 1856 by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows Lodge, and was the center of Covington's civic and political life for most of the Victorian era. When the American Civil War ended, victorious Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was honored with a reception there.
In 1900, the body of William Goebel, the only U.S. governor to be assassinated in office, lay in state there, as an estimated 10,000 people filed past.
In the 1950s, a roller skating rink filled the second-floor ballroom, famous for its -high ceiling suspended by a truss system.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was deemed notable as "one of the city's earliest commercial structures." The building was assessed to be "especially noteworthy in the method of construction. In order to accommodate large, unbroken interior spaces, iron tie rods were employed to support the floors. In addition to its architectural distinction, the structure is a well-known local landmark having served as the center for both civic and social activities in downtown Covington."
In May 2002, a major fire almost destroyed the entire building. It was reduced to its front facade, back wall, and a three-story column of smoke and charred debris. A new team has restored the hall, with its first tenant taking occupancy in March 2006.
References
External links
The Grand Banquet Hall
Photos of the interior of the restored building
Odd Fellows Hall rises from the ashes
Odd Fellows fire a profound loss
National Register of Historic Places in Kenton County, Kentucky
Odd Fellows buildings in Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Covington, Kentucky
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1856
1856 establishments in Kentucky |
6904579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Potenza | List of municipalities of the Province of Potenza | The following is a list of the 100 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Potenza, Basilicata, Italy.
List
References
Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
External links
Potenza |
44503954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Devion | Ron Devion | Ron Devion is a Canadian television executive who worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
A native of Winnipeg, Devion began his career at the CBC in 1955 in the accounts department. In 1977 he became program director for CBLT in Toronto.
Devion then served as head of television sports. In this role he was in charge of the CBC's Olympic broadcasts, the CFL on CBC, and Hockey Night in Canada. In 1980, Devion had a number of guest commentators provide analysis during the intermissions of Hockey Night in Canada. He would go to a bar near the CBC's Toronto studios to see how the patrons reacted to the guest. He noticed that Don Cherry received the most attention from the patrons and decided to hire him full-time for $50 an appearance.
In 1982, Devion was named director of television in British Columbia. During his tenure in B.C., Devion used co-funding (working with independent producers, Telefilm Canada, and others to co-produce programs) as a way to minimize the damage of budget cutbacks. CBC British Columbia produced a number of programs that were picked up by the national network, including Good Rockin' Tonite, The Best Years, and The Canadian Gardener. Another program produced by CBC British Columbia, Switchback, was adapted for local broadcast by other affiliates.
In April 1988, Devion was appointed to the newly created position of Director of Co-Funding for the English television network. In this role, he was responsible for finding private sector and government financing for television programs (outside of news and documentary programming) and obtaining programs from local affiliates to broadcast nationally. One of the local programs Devion picked up for national broadcast was On the Road Again. In 1990 he was offered the position of deputy national head of entertainment, but instead chose to retire.
In 1994, Devion came out of retirement to lead CBC's host broadcaster unit at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia. Under Devion's leadership the CBC, which expected to lose $11 million on the games, made a $5 million profit. Due to the success of the '94 games, Devion was offered positions with Atlanta Olympic Broadcasting '96, the in-house broadcasting unit of the 1996 Summer Olympics, and Radio Televisyen Malaysia, the host broadcaster of the 1998 Commonwealth Games. However, he chose to remain retired.
Devion currently resides in Brentwood Bay, British Columbia. He had written and published two books; From Stardust and From Stardust, Book II: Personal Memoir.
References
Canadian television executives
People from the Capital Regional District
People from Winnipeg
Living people
Canadian memoirists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17336267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Mike | Mrs. Mike | Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan is a novel by Benedict and Nancy Freedman set in the Canadian wilderness during the early 1900s. Considered by some a young-adult classic, Mrs. Mike was initially serialized in the Atlantic Monthly and was the March 1947 selection of the Literary Guild. It was a critical and popular success, with 27 non-US editions, and it was published as an Armed Services Edition for U.S. servicemen abroad. The work combines the landscape and hardships of the Canadian North with the love story of Royal Canadian Mounted Police Sergeant Mike Flannigan and the young Katherine Mary O'Fallon, newly arrived from Boston, Massachusetts.
Plot
The novel is based on the stories of Katherine Mary O'Fallon Flannigan (1899-1954). According to her fictionalized account, in 1907 at age 16 O'Fallon travels to Calgary to visit her uncle and recover from pleurisy. There she meets and marries Mike Flannigan, a sergeant with the Royal North-West Mounted Police, moving with him to isolated posts in the mountain and lake regions of British Columbia and northern Alberta (Lesser Slave Lake). In the novel the Flannigans' two children die of diphtheria, and they adopt three orphaned children.
Reception
Feeling that her story should be made into a film, Flannigan went to Los Angeles in 1945. Although it attracted little attention, an agent felt the story might be suitable for a book and introduced her to the Freedmans. Based on a five-page outline, extended interviews and their research, they wrote a novel based on Flannigan's story. Late in life they reaffirmed that aspects of Flannigan's life were fictionalized, including her adoption of three children, and after Sgt. Flannigan's death in 1944 from a ruptured appendix Katherine Mary Flannigan left the North. According to Benedict Freedman, "The most important scenes—for example, when she leaves Mike and goes back to Boston—we didn't invent that. But we also didn't check her account of things."
A 1947 review of Mrs. Mike by RCMP member C.D. LaNauze, stationed in Grouard at the time of the story, noted a number of discrepancies. A journey allegedly requiring "weeks on the trail" was actually an "easy five-day journey", according to LaNauze; there was no diphtheria epidemic (and Grouard was served by a doctor at the time), and confirmed bachelor George Adams—not a Michael Flannigan—was the RCMP sergeant. LaNauze said, "Nothing in [the book] even approaches the truth".
A film version, with Evelyn Keyes as Katherine Mary and Dick Powell as Mike, was released in 1949. Flannigan sued its producers and the Freedmans for $25,000, but the suit was dismissed because she had a legal claim against the authors only (not the producers). The Freedmans published two sequels to Mrs. Mike: The Search for Joyful in 2002 and Kathy Little Bird in 2003.
Katherine Mary Flannigan married John P. Knox, and lived in Vancouver. In 1951 she published The Faith of Mrs. Kelleen, set in 1880s Ireland and based on the life of her great-aunt. Flannigan died on August 8, 1954, while visiting family and friends in Calgary.
John Henry Crosman adapted the novel into a newspaper comic adaptation, in the 1940s.
Publication history
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan, Coward-McCann & Geoghegan (January 1, 1947), ASIN: B0007F29J8
Mrs. Mike, the Story of Katherine Mary Flannigan. Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1947.
Mrs. Mike, Paperback, Berkley (MM); Reissue edition (Jan 17 2002),
References
1947 American novels
Biographical novels
Canadian young adult novels
Fiction set in the 1900s
Novels set in Alberta
American novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into comics
Novels set in British Columbia
Coward-McCann books |
23576593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Zarqan | Al Zarqan | Al Zarqan (, single Zarqani) is a Sunni Muslim tribe, said to be belonging to the family house of prophet Muhammad.
The origin of Al Zarqan
Al Zarqan tribe come from Hejaz in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Libya, Jordan and Iran.
Places of proliferation
They lived in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq and Jordan and also in Ahvaz.
Sources
Tribes of Arabia
Yemeni tribes
Tribes of Iraq |
26719851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20UCI%20Track%20Cycling%20World%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20team%20pursuit | 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit | The Men's Team Pursuit is one of the 10 men's events at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Ballerup, Denmark.
Seventeen teams of 4 cyclists each participated in the contest. After the qualifying, the fastest 2 teams raced for gold, and 3rd and 4th teams raced for bronze.
The Qualifying and the Finals were held on March 25.
World record
Qualifying
Finals
References
Qualifying Results
Finals Results
Men's team pursuit
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit |
6904584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumee%20High%20School%20%28Ohio%29 | Maumee High School (Ohio) | Maumee High School is a public high school in Maumee, Ohio, southwest of Toledo. It is the only high school in the Maumee City School District. Their mascot and sports teams are known as the "Maumee Panthers". They are members of the Northern Lakes League and their rivals are Perrysburg Yellow Jackets and Anthony Wayne Generals.
Maumee High School is one of only four high schools that have a Heisman Trophy on display, donated by alum Richard Kazmaier, who won it while at Princeton University.
Maumee High School was accused of assigning students videos by PragerU, a right-wing propaganda website, on October 20, 2020.
Notable alumni
Michael Graves (fighter), professional MMA fighter currently with Titan Fc
Robert Knepper, actor (who was on Prison Break on Fox)
Richard Kazmaier, football player (1951 Heisman winner who gifted trophy to high school); namesake of school stadium
Steve Mason, Southern California radio broadcaster
Bellal Joseph, trauma surgeon for Gabby Giffords after her assassination attempt
Richard Kazmaier Stadium
Richard Kazmaier Stadium is on the north side of the Maumee High School campus. In addition to football, track, and soccer, it hosts marching band, drum, and drumline competitions.
Maumee Performing Arts Center at Maumee High School
Thanks to donations from local businesses (Ed Schmidt Auto Group, Maison-Dardenne-Walker Funeral Home, the Andersons, the Buehrer Group, Fifth Third Bank, St. Luke's Hospital, and the Maumee Rotary Foundation), a long-awaited theater was completed on the school campus. Prior to its construction, Maumee High was one of few in the region without a theater. Instead, productions commenced at other venues or Gateway Middle School, one mile away. They have recently performed such plays as Take Her, She's Mine, My Fair Lady, The Servant of Two Masters, Guys and Dolls, Alice in Wonderland, and The Wizard of Oz.
The Maumee Performing Arts Center at Maumee High School also served as temporary host to the Toledo Opera, Toledo Ballet, and others from late November 2007 through March 2008, after a fire closed the Valentine Theater.
References
External links
District Website
High schools in Lucas County, Ohio
Public high schools in Ohio |
6904588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%20Wildlife%20Center | Alabama Wildlife Center | The Alabama Wildlife Center is a wildlife rehabilitation and education center located in Oak Mountain State Park in Pelham, Alabama, United States. It is the largest such center in the state.
The center treats injured or orphaned native birds from across the state of Alabama from over 100 different species. Every year, AWC receives almost 2,000 avian patients.
The Alabama Wildlife Center's education program focuses on conservation education and the preservation of Alabama's biodiversity and avian resources. AWC's programming reaches over 30,000 people annually from Alabama and beyond.
History
The center was founded in Birmingham in 1977 by Anne Miller as an all-volunteer organization to meet the need for the rescue and rehabilitation of native Alabama wildlife. By 1981, Miller left her job as a zookeeper with the Birmingham Zoo to run the center full-time. In 1987, the state of Alabama, in recognition of the center's service, donated the use of a closed restaurant inside Oak Mountain State Park. Currently the state covers the cost of the building maintenance and most utilities, while the center is responsible for capital improvements and operating expenses.
The center was recognized as a "Best of the Road" destination in the 2006 edition of the Rand McNally road atlas.
Exhibits
While not all of the animals being treated at the center will be on display at once, visitors have the opportunity to observe many of the patients through one-way windows. The nursery, solarium and Backyard Wildlife Demonstration Garden are located inside the building. Adjacent to the main building are the Raptor Wing and Freedom Flight, where large birds on the cusp of release are housed. Nearby is the Treetop Nature Trail, where otherwise-healthy birds unable to be released into the wild may be observed in a natural setting along an elevated boardwalk.
External links
Official website
Slideshow from the Shelby County Reporter
Landmarks in Alabama
1977 establishments in Alabama
Wildlife rehabilitation and conservation centers
Animal welfare organizations based in the United States
Buildings and structures in Shelby County, Alabama
Tourist attractions in Shelby County, Alabama |
6904590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdsmen%20of%20the%20Sun | Herdsmen of the Sun | Herdsmen of the Sun () is a 1989 documentary film by Werner Herzog.
The film explores the social rituals and cultural celebrations of the Saharan nomadic Wodaabe tribe. Particular focus is given to the Gerewol celebration, which features an elaborate male beauty contest to win wives.
Although the film may be considered to be ethnographic, Herzog commented that: "[My films] are anthropological only in as much as they try to explore the human condition at this particular time on this planet. I do not make films using images only of clouds and trees, I work with human beings because the way they function in different cultural groups interests me. If that makes me an anthropologist then so be it."
References
External links
1989 films
West German films
1980s German-language films
1989 documentary films
German documentary films
1980s German films |
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