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23575512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Jupp | Jim Jupp | Jim Jupp is a producer, composer, and along with the graphic designer Julian House he co-owns the Ghost Box record label and manager of Belbury Music Publishing. He records as Belbury Poly.
Jupp also runs his own music publishing business and small run record label, Belbury Music
Recording career
Since 2004 he has recorded six albums for Ghost Box with Belbury Poly, and one album as Eric Zann and also records with Jon Brooks as The Belbury Circle. He has collaborated on Ghost Box singles and EPs with John Foxx, Pye Corner Audio, Spacedog, The Advisory Circle and Moon Wiring Club, Jupp has remixed work by Pye Corner Audio, The Advisory Circle, Moon Wiring Club, Bill Ryder-Jones, John Foxx, Mirrors, Bernard Fevre, The Memory Band, Sharron Kraus. The track "The Willows" taken from the first Belbury Poly album of the same name was reworked by Paul Weller as "Earth Beat" for his 2020 album On Sunset. The debut EP by Belbury Poly, Farmer's Angle was included in an Electronic Sound magazine feature, A History of Electronic Music in 75 Records.
Musical influence
In interviews Jupp has cited several influences including French soundtrack composer François de Roubaix, Harmonia, the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Broadcast, Caravan and more generally Early Music, folk music, Krautrock, 1970s television soundtracks and electronic music of the 1960s and 1970s.
References
External links
Ghost Box Website
British electronic musicians
Living people
British record producers
Ghost Box Music
Year of birth missing (living people) |
44501769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fade%20into%20You%20%28The%20Vampire%20Diaries%29 | Fade into You (The Vampire Diaries) | "Fade into You" is the 8th episode of the sixth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series' 119th episode overall. "Fade Into You" was originally aired on November 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Nina Fiore and John Herrera and directed by Joshua Butler.
Plot
Caroline (Candice Accola) organizes a "friendsgiving dinner" for the Thanksgiving Day and she invites everyone except Stefan (Paul Wesley). Jo (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe) is the first to arrive and when Elena (Nina Dobrev) asks her where Alaric (Matt Davis) is, Jo tells them that Alaric had to make an unplanned trip with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan. Elena calls Alaric only to find out that Bonnie (Kat Graham) is probably alive and they had to make this trip to find a way to save her.
Liam (Marco James) arrives at the "friendsgiving dinner" and apologizes to Elena. Liv (Penelope Mitchell) also arrives but she does not seem to be in a very good mood and Tyler (Michael Trevino) tries to understand what is wrong. Luke (Chris Brochu) gets to the dinner last bringing a video of him and Liv from their fourth birthday for everyone to see. He plays it and when Jo hears it, she recognizes her voice and reveals that she is Liv and Lukas' sister.
Jo tells everyone the story of her family and what her brother Kai (Chris Wood) did eighteen years ago. The leaders of their coven, the Gemini coven, come from twins. Her and Kai should be the ones to follow the leadership but Kai was born without his own magic and he had to consume it from others. When their father realized that Kai would not be the best person to lead the coven, they kept having kids until another set of twins was born. When Kai found out, he killed his four other siblings and was after Liv and Lucas too. Jo protected them with her magic and agreed to merge with him for the leadership to save their lives. Jo, though, hid her magic and Kai was not able to merge with her. Their father, with the help of Sheila Bennett, used the power of the eclipse to send him away in his prison of 1994. When Elena asks why Liv is so upset about being the leader of the coven, Jo and Luke clarify that after the merge, the weaker of the twins dies.
In the meantime, Damon, Stefan and Alaric get to Portland to investigate about the Gemini coven. They find the house but no one seems to be there. Alaric finds pictures of Jo inside the house and in one of the pictures, Damon recognizes Kai. A man appears who introduces himself as the father of Kai, Joshua Parker (Christopher Cousins), and when he shakes hands with Damon, he makes them and the house disappear so Alaric and Stefan cannot see them. He uses his powers on Damon to knock him out and takes him into the house. When Damon wakes up, Joshua wants to know how Damon met Kai and if Kai can get himself out of his prison. Damon tells him everything and that they need the ascendant to get Bonnie out of there, but Joshua does not want to give it to him.
Joshua realizes that since Kai has the ascendant and while being trapped with a Bennett witch, he will finally find his way out. To make sure that he will not merge with Jo, he casts a spell to kill her. Meanwhile, outside the house, Alaric is on the phone with Jo. She informs him that the ascendant is with her and that her father will not allow them to open Kai's world. While they are talking, Jo collapses due to her father's spell. Elena and Liam try to help her while she gives Stefan and Alaric directions how to get into the house. Stefan gets into the house in time to save Damon and Elena is forced to heal Jo by using her blood in front of Liam. Liam is confused and asks for explanations, Elena tells him the truth but she immediately compels him to forget everything about it.
In 1994, Kai brings Bonnie to Portland and offers to cook Thanksgiving dinner to her. They make a deal that after that, everyone will take their separate ways. During the dinner Kai tells Bonnie the whole story about his family and how they locked him up there. He also reveals to her that all this time he was wondering where his sister's magic went when they tried to merge but he figured it out when Bonnie put her magic away for safety. He finds the knife where Jo put her magic and he consumes it. Bonnie reminds him that since she does not have her magic, he cannot do the spell since he needs a Bennett witch. Kai tells her that after seeing the spell twice, he knows that he only needs Bennett's blood so he stabs her with the knife. Later on, Bonnie wakes up to realize that Kai left to go back to Mystic Falls leaving her alone in Portland.
Feature music
In the episode "Fade Into You" we can hear the songs:
"When You Fall In Love" by Andrew Ripp
"Runaway Train" by Soul Asylum
"Mr. Jones" by Counting Crows
"Full Moon Song" by Peter Bradley Adams
"When I Get Older" by Wild Party
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "Fade Into You" was watched by 1.68 million; up by 0.14 from the previous episode.
Reviews
"Fade Into You" received mixed reviews.
Stephanie Flasher from TV After Dark gave the episode a B rating saying that it was a rather satisfying one. "It brings some truths to light while leaving viewers intrigued so they're sure tune in for the next episode." Flasher praised the writers, Nina Fiore and John Herrera, of the episode saying that they managed to say "four separate stories, in different locations and different decades altogether into one eye opening, question answering episode" as well as the director Joshua Butler, for whom she stated that he did a great job.
Rebecca Serle of Vulture rated the episode with 5/5 saying that it was probably the darkest episode we've seen this show go but also straight-up delightful. "Just when you think you have The Vampire Diaries figured out, it goes in a direction so unforeseen, you find yourself checking your TV Guide to make sure you’re on the right channel."
Leigh Raines from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.5/5. "For the most part, it was all about the magic this week, something I've kind of noticed lately in the world of Julie Plec. This is not a complaint by any means; I find this whole storyline fascinating. It's just that from watching both The Vampire Diaries and The Originals, it feels like the witches have suddenly taken a much more central role."
Sara Ditta of Next Projection rated the episode with 6.4/10 saying that it was a plot-heavy episode with many reveals about characters the viewers are not invested in, but there were some solid moments on it. "Overall, it was an episode designed to reveal a lot of plot behind a storyline that we aren’t particularly invested in since there aren’t many direct connections to our main characters. While Alaric is dating Jo now and Bonnie is stuck with Kai, the narrative is mainly focused on drama within this family of witches."
Rebecca Jane Stokes from Den of Geek rated the episode with 3/5 saying that it had many cliches. "I was really, really into the whole Jo and Kai being twins deal, though it was hardly revelatory if you’ve been paying attention and have read a book. The Gemini coven? Clearly there were going to be twins involved. Not sure how I feel about this whole twins-fusing together, strong one absorbing the weak one’s strength, but I’ll go for it for now."
Jen of TV Overmind gave a good review to the episode saying that everything makes more sense now and the balance between the cheesy romances and the darker aspects has never been so right since the early seasons. "While it’s predictable that the new witches this season are all related, they have such a twisted family history that it could rival that of the Mikaelsons. Ever since we lost the Original family to their spin-off show, it’s a welcome change to introduce an equally troubled serial killer and his family’s complicated past."
References
External links
2014 American television episodes
The Vampire Diaries (season 6) episodes
Thanksgiving television episodes |
44501878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Methylpsilocin | 1-Methylpsilocin | 1-Methylpsilocin is a tryptamine derivative which acts as a selective agonist for the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 of 12 nM, vs 633 nM at 5-HT2A), and an inverse agonist at 5-HT2B (Ki of 38 nM). While 1-methylpsilocin does have higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A, it does produce a head-twitch response in mice that are dependent on 5-HT2A, so it is not entirely free of effects on 5-HT2A in vivo. In contrast to psilocin, 1-methylpsilocin did not activate 5-HT1A receptors in mice. 1-Methylpsilocin has been investigated for applications such as treatment of glaucoma, OCD, and cluster headaches, as these conditions are amenable to treatment with psychedelic drugs but are not generally treated with such agents due to the hallucinogenic side effects they produce, which are considered undesirable. 1-Methylpsilocin therefore represents a potential alternative treatment to psilocin that may be less likely to produce hallucinogenic effects.
See also
2-Bromo-LSD
CP-132,484
O-4310
References
Serotonin receptor agonists
Tryptamines
Hydroxyarenes
Dimethylamino compounds |
44501892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevendale%2C%20New%20South%20Wales | Bevendale, New South Wales | Bevendale is a rural town located in the Southern Tablelands in New South Wales, Australia. It is north of Dalton and is located in the Upper Lachlan Shire. The Hume Highway passes through the south of Bevendale.
Bevendale is a small rural town with only a population of three people, with 224 living in the general Bevendale area at the . The area has little to no mobile phone reception. Dalton is the nearest service town, with residents also heading to Gunning to trade in the markets there.
See also
Gunning
Dalton
Goulburn
Yass
Notes
References
Towns in New South Wales
Southern Tablelands
Upper Lachlan Shire |
6903781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20Fitzwarren%20railway%20station | Norton Fitzwarren railway station | Norton Fitzwarren railway station is an untimetabled station on the West Somerset Railway in Somerset, England. It was built in 2009 about north of the site of the old (Norton Fitzwarren) station that served the village of Norton Fitzwarren from 1873 until 1961. There were fatal railway accidents in the vicinity in 1890, 1940 and 1978.
History
First station
The Bristol and Exeter Railway (B&ER) was opened through Norton Fitzwarren on 1 May 1843 but the nearest station was east at . On 31 March 1862 the original West Somerset Railway was opened to , leaving the Exeter line at Norton Junction, but still no station was provided. The first section of the Devon and Somerset Railway to opened on 8 June 1871, making a connection into the West Somerset line just west of the junction with the Exeter line.
The first two-platform station was finally opened at the junction on 1 June 1873, located immediately east of the junction (at ). On the northern platform side closest to the village was a small station building, a hotel and the goods yard. Both the branch lines were operated by the B&ER until 1 January 1876 when it was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway.
In 1931 the GWR started a project to quadruple the track between Cogload Junction (where the mainline from and the north met the Castle Cary cut-off line from Yeovil, Reading and ), for the south through Taunton to Norton Fitzwarren. The existing station buildings were demolished, to allow a new up-relief line to be built north of the existing northern platform, followed by the creation of a down relief road south of the southern platform. A new metal passenger bridge was erected, connecting the new station buildings to the north with both island platforms. The completion of the project also allowed the GWR to create the large regional goods facility at Fairwater Yard, located just east of the station. The whole project was brought into operation on 2 December 1931.
World War 2: US Army Depot G-50
At the start of World War II, the Royal Army Service Corps choose the relatively large scale station serving the small community as the ideal location for a new logistics depot. Finished at the end of 1941, it was immediately taken over by the United States Army as part of Operation Bolero in early 1942, one of their 18 supplies depots within the United Kingdom. Redesignated Quartermaster General Depot G-50, they equipped it with extensive railway sidings to the northeast of the railway station.
Part of the reasoning behind the choice of the depot, was that it was one of five within the 18 designated as a US Army Medical Corps supplies depot. Medical supplies were allocated of under cover storage, and a further outside. The US Army also locally developed the 67th General Hospital at Musgrove Park. Both facilities under the control of the US Army Medical Corps came into operation on 1 September 1942.
Closure
On 1 January 1948 the railways were nationalised and Norton Fitzwarren became a part of the Western Region of British Railways. Passenger traffic was withdrawn on 30 October 1961, after which passengers for the two branches once again had to change trains at Taunton until these routes were closed on 3 October 1966 (the Devon and Somerset line) and 4 January 1971 (West Somerset line). The goods yard continued to operate until 6 July 1964, when the logistics facilities of Norton Manor Camp closed.
The goods facilities had always handled a large volume of locally grown cider apples, and on 1 March 1983 a private siding utilising much of the former up-relief road connection to the WSR was opened into the Taunton Cider Company's factory on the northwest side of the former station site. Although this factory has since closed, it was this private siding that allowed the West Somerset Railway, in its new heritage railway guise, to be connected to the national railway network.
West Somerset Railway
In 2004 the West Somerset Railway Association (WSRA) (the volunteer organisation that supports the WSR) purchased of land west of its railway and north of the main line at Norton Fitzwarren.
This included a short length of the track bed of the dismantled Barnstaple branch line. This track bed and a new north-west chord have eventually formed a triangle where rolling stock is turned when required. Part of the land is used for ballast reclamation, with waste material being delivered to the site by Network Rail in conjunction with their track renewals depot at nearby Fairwater Yard.
There is also sufficient space to allow for the construction of a locomotive and rolling stock restoration depot in the future.
The WSRA built a single concrete platform on the west side of the Minehead to Taunton line in 2009. This is not shown in the regular timetable but is for use during special events when a shuttle service can bring people from . It is long enough to handle four-coach trains. It was first used on 1 and 2 August 2009 in association with a vintage vehicle rally on the WSR's land at Norton Fitzwarren.
There is no public access to the site currently, however it is hoped this will change in the future as the adjacent 'Ford Farm' site has been identified as a Potential Mixed Use Development site in the Taunton Deane Core Strategy
with an associated transport policy statement that any such development should include improved access to the adjoining West Somerset Railway station.
The WSR entered into a partnership with the modern Great Western Railway (GWR) in 2019 to operate Summer Saturday services between and on Saturdays when special events were taking place. On 3 August, services called additionally at Norton Fitzwarren for the annual Steam Fayre Vintage Rally, run by the WSRA, taking place at the station. These GWR services were the first time the new station was served by trains from the national rail network.
Accidents
Three significant accidents have happened on the main line in the vicinity of Norton Fitzwarren:
The Ocean Mails collision – 4-4-0ST No. 2051 was withdrawn following a fatal collision at Norton Fitzwarren on 11 November 1890 while working a special Travelling Post Office conveying mail from a trans-Atlantic liner which had been landed at .
The wartime collision – another crash occurred on 4 November 1940, which left 27 people dead, this time when a driver of a train leaving Taunton under blackout conditions due to the war misread signals and believed he was on a different line to the one on which he was travelling. The train was derailed at trap points as the driver mistook main line signals for his own.
The Taunton sleeper fire – a coach in the 22:30 sleeper train from to London Paddington station caught fire on the morning of 6 July 1978 and was brought to a stand near Norton Fitzwarren. Twelve people were killed and 15 people were injured.
References
West Somerset Railway
Disused railway stations in Somerset
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1873
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1961
Heritage railway stations in Somerset
Railway stations built for UK heritage railways
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2009 |
17335234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidi%20Victoria | Heidi Victoria | Heidi Victoria (born Heidi Mitterlehner on 12 October 1967) is a professional photographer and former Australian politician. She was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, representing Bayswater for the Liberal Party from 2006 to 2018.
Early life
Victoria was born in Melbourne to an Austrian father and a New Zealand mother. She completed her HSC in 1984, and went on to complete her BA in Fine Art Photography in 1988 at the Phillip Institute of Technology (now part of RMIT University). Prior to her election, Victoria owned and operated her own photography business, specialising in portraits and event photography.
Political career
Within the Liberal Party, Victoria has served as branch president, vice-president and secretary; state and federal electorate council delegate; fundraiser; branch development officer; and State council and Federal conference delegate. She was elected to the seat of Bayswater at the November 2006 election. In November 2009, she was named Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Arts, following her strong involvement in the campaign to prevent the proposed changes to the Victorian College of the Arts.
After Ted Baillieu resigned as Premier in March 2013, Victoria was given the ministerial portfolios of Arts, Women's Affairs and Consumer Affairs within the Denis Napthine cabinet.
Controversies
In July 2009, Victoria was asked to apologise for using unparliamentary language during a late night parliamentary debate.
In early November 2014, multiple election campaign signs for Heidi Victoria were defaced with swastikas and offensive language throughout the Heathmont and Bayswater area. Victoria was quoted saying “The other reason this is really disappointing is that we pride ourselves in Australia as being a free country and democratic society"
References
External links
Parliamentary voting record of Heidi Victoria at Victorian Parliament Tracker
1967 births
Living people
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Politicians from Melbourne
RMIT University alumni
Australian people of Austrian descent
Australian people of New Zealand descent
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
20th-century Australian photographers |
17335241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pride%20of%20Bear%20Creek | The Pride of Bear Creek | The Pride of Bear Creek is a collection of Western short stories by Robert E. Howard. It was first published in 1966 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. Grant also published an edition in 1977 with illustrations by Tim Kirk.
Contents
"The Riot at Cougar Paw"
"Pilgrims to the Pecos"
"High Horse Rampage"
"The Apache Mountain War"
"Pistol Polities"
"The Conquerin' Hero of the Humbolts"
"A Ringtailed Tornado"
References
1966 short story collections
Short story collections by Robert E. Howard
Western (genre) short stories
Donald M. Grant, Publisher books |
6903783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Highlands%2C%20Maryland | Carole Highlands, Maryland | Carole Highlands is an unincorporated community located in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Carole Highlands is contained between East West Highway (MD 410) to the south, University Boulevard (MD 193) to the north, Larch Avenue, Hopewell Avenue, and 15th Avenue to the west, and Riggs Road (MD 212) to the east. Carole Highlands borders the adjacent neighborhoods of Chillum, Green Meadows, Lewisdale, and Langley Park in Prince George's County, while bordering the city of Takoma Park in Montgomery County, MD. For statistical purposes, it is part of the Chillum census-designated place (CDP).
Physical geography
Carole Highlands mainly includes single-family houses as well as the Riggs Hill Condominium Complex. Since Carole Highlands is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County, Maryland, Carole Highlands lacks its own neighborhood address and zipcode. As a result, most of the businesses and residences located within Carole Highlands, are assigned Hyattsville addresses, containing the Hyattsville/Adelphi zipcode of 20783 while a few business and residences located on the far western boundary of Carole Highlands, next to the Prince George's County/ Montgomery County Line, are assigned Takoma Park addresses, containing the Takoma Park zipcode of 20912. Carole Highlands was a planned community was named for the developer's daughter, Carole, and because much of it is literally on "high land." At the very top of the neighborhood is a water tower. Elevation above sea level (topo map here) reaches a maximum of at the water tower, and slopes downhill to its minimum of on Elson Street along Sligo Creek Park.
A -high dendritic ridge runs north and south through the neighborhood just west of 16th Place. The ridgeline divides the Sligo Creek watershed from the Northwest Branch watershed. When the leaves are off the trees, from various points on the ridge there is a clear view of the Shepherd Park and Brightwood neighborhoods of Washington, D.C. (3 miles west); of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception (3 miles south-southwest); and of Carmody Hills, Maryland (8 miles southeast).
Roads, hiker-biker trails, and political geography
Carole Highlands is located within a residential section east of 15th Avenue, northeast of Sligo Creek Park and MD-410 (East-West Highway), west of MD-212 (Riggs Road) and south of MD-193 (University Boulevard).
The only direct road access into the neighborhood is via Erskine Street (from New Hampshire Avenue) or Drexel Street (from Riggs Road).
Elson Street and Sligo Parkway East give Carole Highlands two access points to Sligo Creek Trail, which was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2006 (external link here). The paved and shaded hiker-biker trail links directly to the Anacostia Trail System and thus to the American Discovery Trail that crosses the United States from Delaware to California. However, most Carole Highlands residents use Sligo Creek Trail less frequently as an access point for coast-to-coast tours than for Bicycle commuting, family outings and jogging.
The western boundary of the Carole Highlands neighborhood is the current border between Montgomery County, Maryland and Prince George's County, Maryland, behind the backyards of the houses in Carole Highlands that face 15th Avenue. The section of Carole Highlands consists of single-family houses, starts at the Prince George's County/ Montgomery County Line and ends on East-West Highway (MD 410), the portion of Riggs Road (MD 212) south of Drexel Street, and 17th Avenue. Between portion of Carole Highlands, where Drexel Street/ Erskine Street east of 17th Avenue, and where Riggs Road intersects Drexel Street, north of East-West Highway (MD 410), near University Boulevard (MD 193), is where the "Riggs Hill Condominium Complex, which is the only condominium complex in Carole Highlands, is located. There are absolutely no apartment complexes located within the community of Carole Highlands whatsoever. On maps, the neighborhood is east of Hopewell Avenue, Larch Avenue, and 15th Avenue but north of East-West Highway (MD 410), south of University Boulevard East (MD 193), and west of Riggs Road (MD 212). Homes located east of New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650), but west of 15th Avenue are part of the City of Takoma Park's Ward 6 in Montgomery County.
Plants and animals
The neighborhood is lined with a canopy of mature trees. For this reason, Carole Highlands appears as a dark green patch on satellite images of the Washington area.
Many of the trees belong to species native to the local ecological region, the Piedmont region of Maryland. Some of the local tree species are oak, maple, birch, beech, elm, cherry, weeping cherry, spruce, pine, sassafras and flowering dogwood.
Mammals: Squirrels, raccoons and opossums are commonly seen and badgers, foxes and deer are seen occasionally.
Some bird species that have been spotted in local backyards are cardinals, titmice, robins, ospreys, crows, woodpeckers, flickers, mockingbirds, wood thrushes, gray catbirds, cowbirds, chickadees, blue jays, mourning doves, towhees, summer tanagers, goldfinches, house and purple finches and the ubiquitous species starling and sparrow. Kingfishers, herons and hawks are seen near Sligo Creek.
History
The largest section of the neighborhood was developed as a planned community by Carl M. Freeman Associates, Inc. (now the Carl M. Freeman Companies) beginning in 1947. The development maximized the preservation of oak trees hundred of years old by arranging houses on large (6000-12,000 square foot) lots contoured to respect the section's ridges and slopes. According to the company's website (here), the development won an award. Carole Highlands was the first and only suburban housing developed after World War II in the entire Washington, D.C. metro area which sold homes to all comers WITHOUT discriminatory covenants. Carole Highlands takes pride in having been an integrated community from its beginning and continues to shelter and celebrate its diversity. The community is integrated in every way possible.
The house styles of the development included traditional two-story "brick colonial" and -story "Dutch colonial" models; the then-new "California Cottage home" designed by Carl Freeman himself as a "truly livable space" with a naturally flowing connection with the outdoors; one-story frame ranch houses and, at the edge of the formal Carole Highlands Section on 17th Avenue, a row of attached (double) family homes. Some of the detached Freeman houses were subsequently enlarged with dormers or one or two-story additions, while others are still in their pristine state to the current day.
In 1960, the neighborhood Citizen's Association successfully brought a legal case against the Board of County Commissioners of Prince George's County. As a result, the court prohibited the building of a gas station on lot C-2.
The portion of Takoma Park located west of 15th Avenue, but east of Prince George's Avenue, Merrimac Drive, and Carroll Avenue, was originally located in Prince George's County, Maryland, from up until July 1, 1997. Earlier in 1997, residents living within the portion of Takoma Park located within Prince George's County, voted affirmatively to unify the City of Takoma Park under the jurisdiction of Montgomery County. The county line was shifted, changing Prince George's County's boundaries for the first time since 1791.
Home ownership in the neighborhood experienced turnover after the year 2000, as many long-term residents retired and sold their homes to younger newcomers. In 2004, Carole Highlands was featured as one of the best places to live in a local monthly magazine. The speculative real estate boom attracted "flippers" who expected to pocket a $100,000 profit in two years as housing prices spiraled. The subsequent real estate "bust" left many who bought at the top of the market under water with their mortgages however resulted in a default rate for the neighborhood amazingly lower (at 0.02% to date) than the prevailing default rates in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and the general rate in the state of Maryland. Most defaults involved over-leveraged speculators who never intended to settle and mis-timed the market. Residents still include some of Carole Highlands' now elderly "pioneers" who were the original or very early owners of their respective homes and three generations of their heirs and people who grew up in this family-friendly neighborhood and bought homes in the neighborhood where they now raise their own children. Today, many Carole Highlands residents work in nearby in Washington, D.C.or Silver Spring or College Park Maryland. Plumbers and professors live side by side.
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Public schools
Students from Carole Highlands Section in Prince George's County are currently assigned to Carole Highlands Elementary School—located within the section, Buck Lodge Middle School and High Point High School. Prince George's County Public Schools.
See * Carole Highlands Elementary School
Buck Lodge Middle School
High Point High School
Places of Worship
In 2003, the Turner Memorial AME congregation purchased the large church building within the section from the Wallace Memorial Presbyterian congregation that formerly occupied its multiple lots. Two Protestant and one Roman Catholic churches are located within easy walking distance on near-by New Hampshire Avenue.
Public libraries
The closest public library to Carole Highlands is the Takoma Park Library. This library is at Philadelphia and Maple Avenues, about one and a half miles west of Carole Highlands via bicycle paths and residential streets. The Takoma Park Library is a department of the City of Takoma Park, and is the only independent (not county-run) municipal library in the state of Maryland. It has a children's book room, an adults' book room and a periodicals reading area. Residents of the City of Takoma Park automatically have borrowing privileges, and Prince George's County residents may obtain full borrowing privileges for an annual fee of $10.
The second closest public library to Carole Highlands is the Hyattsville Library. This library is on Adelphi Road to the east of the Prince George's Plaza shopping mall, about two miles (3 km) east of Carole Highlands via MD-212 and MD-410. It has a children's book room, an adults' book room, a computer area and a periodicals reading area. The Hyattsville Library is also the site of the Maryland Room, decorated in the style of a parlor in a Colonial manor house of the 18th century and housing a historical and genealogical collection that focuses on Maryland.
Current issues of interest to residents
Purple Line and associated development
One issue of interest to Carole Highlands residents is the status of the Purple Line transit project.
Two Purple Line stations are planned nearby: the Takoma-Langley station at the intersection of MD-650 New Hampshire Ave x MD-193 University Boulevard East and the Riggs Road station at MD-212 Riggs Road x MD-193 University Bouleward. These two intersections are within less than a mile of the northwest and northeast corners of the Carole Highlands neighborhood. [To see the locations, click here for a map of the proposed Purple Line route, published by the Washington Post, May 31, 2007, and here for a street map with a pointer to Carole Highlands. To see the official planning maps, click on CFG-06-03 (Riggs Road Station) or CFG-06-02 (Takoma/Langley Station) at the Maryland Transit Authority website.]
The transit line would provide more commuting options to residents as a connection west to Bethesda and east to the New Carollton MARC and Metro stations. Because tall wrought-iron fences erected along the section's northern border block direct access from University Boulevard into Carole Highlands, the transit line itself is unlikely to alter the quiet character of the neighborhood.
However, the Planning Boards of Montgomery and Prince George's county for the Takoma Langley Crossroads (TLC) "transit-oriented development" envision vastly increased residential and commercial density around the two planned local stations that may impact the neighborhood—with or without the Purple Line.
In March 2007, the administration of recently inaugurated Maryland Governor O'Malley announced that the previous administration had underestimated likely ridership on this and two other potential new transit lines (e.g. this March 7, 2007 article from Gazette.Net). Accurate ridership estimates are important to secure federal funding for new transit projects. Costs of the Purple Line are estimated in the billions of dollars and the earliest year it may be operational is 2017.
Sligo Master Plan
Under the plan proposed by the Montgomery County Planning Board in May 2010 to rezone and redevelop its section of the Takoma Langley Crossroads sector and the City of Takoma Park's consistent plan to revitalize commercial uses along New Hampshire Avenue, land lots zoned commercial at the intersection of Sligo Creek Parkway and New Hampshire Avenue may be further developed. According to the "Sligo Master Plan" article in the May 2007 issue of the Takoma Park Newsletter, nearby residents "enthusiastically" expressed desires for encouraging such businesses on the lots as a small neighborhood pub, a cafe, a bicycle shop and rental business and a hardware store.
Takoma Langley Crossroads Plan
The plan approved in 2009 for the Takoma Langley Crossroads Section in Prince George's County, however, envisions massive redevelopment (=demolition and rebuilding). Approximately half the homes in the Carole Highlands Section (206 houses north of Erskine Avenue) were included in the Sectional Map Amendment (SMA) area of that PG plan. In the first phase (5–10 years), redevelopment would come up to the very boundary of the community as PG planners seek to demolish most buildings of the Riggs Hill Condominium between 18th Avenue and Riggs Road to convert them to multi-use: 3-4 floors of apartments above retail stores. In the third phase (15 to 25 years hence), the PG county plan calls for the "redevelopment" of the area of Carole Highlands included in the SMA into far more intense "medium density" land use—a term which is not associated with the existing zoning for single-family homes on spacious lots.
Owner-occupants of Carole Highlands homes filed a class action suit in Circuit Court less than a month after the County Council "initiated" (began) the SMA process of rezoning land use. The plaintiff class is currently expanding and reaching out to affected homeowners in other areas within the Takoma Langley Crossroad sectors of Prince George's and Montgomery County to prevent the rezoning of their properties and the intrusion of commercial activities into residential neighborhoods. The class may potentially expand to include owner occupants of the three spacious garden-style condominium communities, two of which the PG plan targets for demolition and conversion to multiuse and the third of which it targets for rebuilding into a higher density apartment complexes and the single-family homes PG plan targets for demolition and redevelopment as dense apartment buildings.
The Montgomery County Council will hold a hearing on its county's Takoma Langley Sector plan in May 2011. As of March 2011, no timetable has been set for publication or a hearing on the proposed rezoning within the SMA of Prince George's County's TLC plan.
Statistics and elected officials
Latitude: 38.98139 N
Longitude: 76.98361 W
County Council:
For current Montgomery County councilmembers, check MC District 5 externally.
For current Prince George's County councilmembers, check PG District 2 externally.
Maryland House of Delegates:
District 20 (Montgomery County)
District 47 (Prince George's County)
For current Maryland state delegates, check district on this list or externally.
Maryland State Senate:
District 20 (Montgomery County)
District 47 (Prince George's County)
For current Maryland state senators, check district on this list or externally.
United States House of Representatives:
Maryland District 8 (both counties)
Chris Van Hollen, current U.S. representative.
United States Senate:
Barbara A. Mikulski and Ben Cardin, current U.S. senators.
Governor of Maryland:
Larry Hogan
Lieutenant Governor of Maryland:
Boyd Rutherford
References
External links
Location in the DC Metro area
Map of proposed Purple Line route , published by the Washington Post, May 31, 2007
Topo map with streets, elevation contours and landmarks
Map of the Carole Highlands Elementary School District
Gazette.net article 01/11/2007 "At Carole Highlands [Elementary School], small groups spell success on MSA"
The original builders, Carl M. Freeman Associates
Sligo Creek Trail
Friends of Sligo Creek
the nearby International Corridor/Gateway Arts District
Unincorporated communities in Montgomery County, Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Prince George's County, Maryland
Washington metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Maryland |
23575521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupp | Jupp | Jupp may refer to:
Jupp (given name), a German masculine given name
Jupp (surname), a surname
jupp, a cross-platform text editor forked from Joe's Own Editor
See also
Jup (disambiguation) |
6903784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster%20bar | Oyster bar | An oyster bar, also known as an oyster saloon, oyster house or a raw bar service, is a restaurant specializing in serving oysters, or a section of a restaurant which serves oysters buffet-style. Oysters have been consumed since ancient times and were common tavern food in Europe, but the oyster bar as a distinct restaurant began making an appearance in the 18th century.
History
Oyster consumption in Europe was confined to the wealthy until the mid-17th century, but by the 18th century even the poor were consuming them. Sources vary as to when the first oyster bar was created. One source claims that Sinclair's, a pub in Manchester, England, is the United Kingdom's oldest oyster bar. It opened in 1738. London's oldest restaurant, Rules, also began business as an oyster bar. It opened in 1798.
In North America, Native Americans on both coasts ate oysters in large quantities, as did colonists from Europe. Unlike in Europe, oyster consumption in North America after colonization by Europeans was never confined to class, and oysters were commonly served in taverns. During the early 19th century, express wagons filled with oysters crossed the Allegheny Mountains to reach the American Midwest. The oldest oyster bar in the United States is Union Oyster House in Boston, which opened in 1826. It features oyster shucking in front of the customer, and patrons may make their own oyster sauces from condiments on the tables. It has served as a model for many oyster bars in the United States.
During the same period, oysters were an integral part of some African-American communities. One example is Sandy Ground, which was located in modern-day Rossville, Staten Island. African-Americans were drawn to the oyster industry because it promised autonomy, as they were involved throughout the process of harvesting and selling. In addition, oyster farmers were relatively less impoverished than slaves and did not work under white owners. A recipe for an oyster pie in Abby Fisher's 1881 cookbook, What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking, suggests the influence of oysters on African-American foodways and culture.
By 1850, nearly every major town in North America had an oyster bar, oyster cellar, oyster parlor, or oyster saloon—almost always located in the basement of the establishment (where keeping ice was easier). Oysters and bars often went hand-in-hand in the United States, because oysters were seen as a cheap food to serve alongside beer and liquor.
By the late 1880s, an "oyster craze" had swept the United States, and oyster bars were prominent gathering places in Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, Louisville, New York City, and St. Louis. An 1881 U.S. government fisheries study counted 379 oyster houses in the Philadelphia city directory alone, a figure explicitly not including oyster consumption at hotels or other saloons. In 1892, the Pittsburgh Dispatch estimated the annual consumption (in terms of individual oysters) for London at one billion, and the United States as a whole at twelve billion oysters.
This enormous demand for oysters was not sustainable. The beds of the Chesapeake Bay, which supplied much of the American Midwest, were becoming rapidly depleted by the early 1890s. Increasing restrictions on oystering seasons and methods in the late 19th century led to the rise of oyster pirates, culminating in the Oyster Wars of the Chesapeake Bay, that pitted poachers against armed law enforcement authorities of Virginia and Maryland (dubbed the "oyster navy").
According to The New York Times in 2014, about 90 percent of oyster bar sales in the United States come from farmed (not wild) oysters.
See also
List of oyster bars
Raw bar
References
Bibliography
Betti, Tom and Sauer, Doreen Uhas. Historic Columbus Taverns: The Capital City's Most Storied Saloons. Charleston, S.C.: History Press, 2012.
Fisher, Abby. What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking, 1881.
Green, Aliza. Field Guide to Seafood: How to Identify, Select, and Prepare Virtually Every Fish and Shellfish at the Market. Philadelphia: Quirk Books, 2007.
Kemp, David. The Pleasures and Treasures of Britain: A Discerning Traveller's Companion. Toronto: Dundurn, 1992.
Kerr, Jean and Smith, Spencer. Mystic Seafood: Great Recipes, History, and Seafaring Lore From Mystic Seaport. Guilford, Conn.: Insiders Guide, 2006.
Koo, Dinah; Poon, Janice; and Szabo, John. The Cocktail Chef: Entertaining in Style. Vancouver, B.C.: Douglas & McIntyre 2006.
MacMurray, Patrick. Consider the Oyster: A Shucker's Field Guide. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2007.
Porter, Darwin and Prince, Danforth. Frommer's Great Britain. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Reardon, Joan. Oysters: A Culinary Celebration. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2004.
Rosso, Julee and Lukins, Sheila. The New Basics Cookbook. New York: Workman Pub., 1989.
The Visual Food Encyclopedia. Montréal, Québec: Les editions Québec Amerique, 1996.
Walsh, Robb. Sex, Death & Oysters: A Half-Shell Lover's World Tour. Berkeley, Calif.: Counterpoint, 2010.
Williams, Nicola. France. London: Lonely Planet, 2009.
Restaurants by type
Seafood
Types of drinking establishment |
44501923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Frederick%20Emery | James Frederick Emery | Sir James Frederick Emery (1886–1983) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected at the 1935 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford West, and was defeated by the Labour candidate at the 1945 election.
References
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford West
1886 births
1983 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
People from Salford
UK MPs 1935–1945 |
17335261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Karrillon | Adam Karrillon | Adam Karrillon (12 May 1853 – 14 September 1938) was a German writer and physician. In 1923 he won the Georg Büchner Prize.
Bibliography
Eine moderne Kreuzfahrt (1898)
Michael Hely (1900/1904)
Die Mühle zu Husterloh (1906)
O domina mea (1908)
Im Lande unserer Urenkel (1912)
Bauerngeselchtes: Sechzehn Novellen aus dem Chattenlande (1914)
Adams Großvater (1917)
Sechs Schwaben und ein halber (1919)
Am Stammtisch zum faulen Hobel (1922)
Erlebnisse eines Erdenbummlers (1923)
Viljo Ronimus: Das Schicksal eines Kassenarztes (1925)
Windschiefe Gestalten (1927)
Meine Argonautenfahrt (1929)
Es waren einmal drei Gesellen (1933)
Zwei die nicht zusammen sollten, Zwei die sich auseinandergrollten, Zwei die nicht ohne Grund sich hassten, Endlich zwei, die z'sammen passten (1933)
Der Rosenstock (1935)
Balthasar Ibn Knierem (1936)
Der erste Flug vom Nest (1937)
1853 births
1938 deaths
19th-century German physicians
German medical writers
Georg Büchner Prize winners
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century German physicians |
23575529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%202006%20Central%20American%20and%20Caribbean%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20200%20metre%20individual%20medley | Swimming at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's 200 metre individual medley | The Women's 200m Individual Medley at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games occurred on Friday, July 21, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia.
Records at the time of the event were:
World Record: 2:09.72, Wu Yanyan (China), Shanghai, China, October 17, 1997.
Games Record: 2:19.00, Carolyn Adel (Suriname), 1998 Games in Maracaibo (Aug.13.1998).
Results
Final
Preliminaries
References
Results: 2006 CACs--Swimming: Women's 200 IM--prelims from the official website of the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games; retrieved 2009-07-11.
Results: 2006 CACs--Swimming: Women's 200 IM--finals from the official website of the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games; retrieved 2009-07-11.
Medley, Women's 200m
2006 in women's swimming |
17335265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20and%20a%20Half%20Deaths | Two and a Half Deaths | "Two and a Half Deaths" is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season of the American crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation which is set in Las Vegas. The episode aired on May 8, 2008 on CBS. It was written by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn in a crossover between CSI and Two and a Half Men. The character of Annabelle is based on Roseanne Barr, who Lorre believed behaved poorly while he was running her eponymous blockbuster TV show; the title font for the show-within-a-show "Annabelle" is even identical to the one used for Roseanne. Lorre was the original producer for that show until he was pushed out.
Plot
When the death of a well-known TV star, Annabelle (Katey Sagal), is reported, the CSI team is sent to investigate. Annabelle's co-star, Megan, is interviewed, saying what a tragedy it was. Warrick points out to Grissom and Catherine that a woman's high heel print can clearly be seen in the blood from Annabelle's room. When Grissom gets a phone call that something has turned up on the television set, he heads to Los Angeles.
When Grissom arrives, he finds Natasha (Annabelle's stand-in/double), dead from a car accident. Minutes later, Megan screams out as her dog lies dead in front of her. Back in Vegas, Hodges shows Catherine footage of Bud Parker (Annabelle's driver and now the show's "executive producer") marrying Annabelle, that is actually Natasha. Grissom and Brass search Bud's office and find alcohol, which he has been giving to Annabelle. They also let him know that semen was found on Natasha before she died, trying to pin her murder on him. Bud does not answer any questions, but instead is led away by police until he is ready to talk.
Catherine finds out that a writer visited Annabelle's room and had the same water bottle on him that she found at the scene of the crime. That writer has not been seen since the show filmed in Vegas. The bottle is dusted for prints and the CSI team come up with the name Richard Langford, an actor and street performer. As the team hands out pictures on the street to find him, Richard is performing on the street as a robot and tries to get away. Warrick and Nick arrest him.
Nick interviews Richard, who says that he was going to become a regular on her sitcom but was dismissed when he refused to sleep with Annabelle. He went to Vegas to get a second chance and decided to sleep with her after all. She fell backwards, hit her head, and died, which was an accident, according to him. He says that the rubber chicken stuffed down her throat was not an accident, but intentional since she was already dead.
The corpse of Annabelle tests positive for blood thinners, and the team realizes that she had been poisoned for quite some time prior to her death. The same drug is found in Natasha's blood. Grissom and Brass figure out that the only other person, besides Bud, who knew about Annabelle hiding her alcohol in mouthwash bottles was Megan. She confesses hypothetically by placing her actions on a fictional character in a script. In it, she reveals that she had had help from an Italian uncle, "Giuseppe," who taught her how to sabotage Annabelle's car in exchange for what she called "unsavory favors." She later asserts that there is only circumstantial evidence implicating her, and reveals that she has a new TV series called "Megan's Family." She then introduces her lover/executive producer, one of the show producers, who was constantly humiliated by Annabelle and Bud, who appears on cue. So with no proof, they do not arrest her. While shaving, Bud cuts himself and bleeds profusely from the neck as the screen cuts to black.
Connections with Two and a Half Men
As Grissom and Brass are driven through a studio backlot to a crime scene, they spot Charlie Sheen (smoking a cigarette), Jon Cryer (smoking a tobacco pipe) and Angus T. Jones (biting the end off a cigar) outside a trailer wearing the same clothes from "Fish in a Drawer". All were stars of the CBS series Two and a Half Men at the time of the episode's production, making uncredited cameo appearances.
The character of Don (one of the writers of the "Annabelle" show) is played by Kevin Sussman who plays the character of Stuart, owner of the comic book store frequently featured on The Big Bang Theory, another Chuck Lorre show. In a discussion about writing he asks the other writers if any of them has ever contacted Two and a Half Men. Another writer answers "Ecch! I'd rather sleep with Annabelle than write that crap!"
The title of this episode is a parody of the Two and a Half Men name whose creators, Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn, wrote this episode.
To reciprocate, the writers of CSI wrote a Two and a Half Men episode, "Fish in a Drawer", which aired on CBS on May 5, 2008.
J. D. Walsh also appears as another of the writers of the "Annabelle" show. In Two and a Half Men he stars as Gordon, a pizza delivery guy who appears in seasons 1–3 and season 6 onwards.
References
External links
2008 American television episodes
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episodes |
17335269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi%20H.%20Gale%20House | Levi H. Gale House | The Levi H. Gale House is a historic house at 85 Touro Street in Newport, Rhode Island, United States.
Russell Warren designed the house, which was built in 1835 for attorney Levi Gale. In 1925-26 the building was moved from its original location on Washington Square because of the erection of the Courthouse. The Jewish congregation of nearby Touro Synagogue paid to move the building and preserve it for use as a Jewish Community Center. The house is now located at the corner of Touro and Division Street. The Levi Gale House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and continues to be used as a Jewish community center.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island.
References
External links
Houses completed in 1835
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Russell Warren buildings
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
Jewish Community Centers in the United States
Jews and Judaism in Rhode Island
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
Sephardi Jewish culture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island |
6903790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank%20Williams%20%28disambiguation%29 | Hank Williams (disambiguation) | Hank Williams (1923–1953) was an American singer-songwriter and musician.
Hank Williams may also refer to:
Hank Williams Jr. (born 1949), American country singer-songwriter and musician, son of Hank Williams Sr.
Hank Williams III (born 1972), singer, drummer, bassist, and guitarist, son of Hank Williams Jr.
Hank Williams (basketball) (born 1952), American professional basketball player
See also
Hank Williams First Nation, a 2005 Canadian film
"Honk Williams", a bonus track (about the musician) from the album It Doesn't Matter Anymore |
6903817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t%20Wake%20Me | Don't Wake Me | "Don't Wake Me" is a song by Australian pop-rock group Uncanny X-Men. The song was released in September 1986 as the second single from the band's second studio album, What You Give Is What You Get. The song peaked at number 31 on the Kent Music Report.
Track listing
7" Vinyl (CBS - BA 3486)
"Don't Wake Me"
"Truckin' on into Alice"
Charts
References
1986 singles
Uncanny X-Men (band) songs
CBS Records singles
1986 songs |
20471881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma%20Moodie | Alma Moodie | Alma Mary Templeton Moodie (12 September 18987 March 1943) was an Australian violinist who established an excellent reputation in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. She was regarded as the foremost female violinist during the inter-war years, and she premiered violin concertos by Kurt Atterberg, Hans Pfitzner and Ernst Krenek. She and Max Rostal were regarded as the greatest proponents of the Carl Flesch tradition. She became a teacher at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. However, Alma Moodie made no recordings, and she appears in very few reference sources. Despite her former renown, her name became virtually unknown for many years. She appeared in earlier editions of Grove's and Baker's Dictionaries, but does not appear in the more recent editions.
Biography
Alma Mary Templeton Moodie was born on 12 September 1898 in regional Queensland, Australia, the daughter of William Templeton Moodie and his wife Susan (née McClafferty). Some sources say she was born in Mount Morgan, others in Rockhampton.
She was an only child. Her father, an ironmonger from Ayrshire, Scotland, died on 9 July 1899, when she was less than one year old. Her mother, a music teacher, was the daughter of Irish immigrants.
She studied violin at Mount Morgan, being taught initially by her widowed mother from a very young age, and from the age of 5 by Louis D’Hage in Rockhampton. She appeared in public recitals at age 6 – a performance in Rockhampton in October 1904 was described by a local reporter from The Morning Bulletin, "Her rendering of Renard's 'Berceuse,' accompanied on the piano by Herr Hage, showed the possibility of surprising musical gifts being developed at an extremely young age. The executive ability displayed in this, and an encore piece – 'Canzonetta' (Daube) – was certainly remarkable." In 1905 she passed her violin examinations with distinction achieving the maximum score.
In 1907, aged 9, she gained a scholarship to the Brussels Conservatory, where she studied with Oskar Back for three years, under the general guidance of César Thomson (later, when she had achieved fame, Back and Thomson would both claim to have been her primary teacher). She was accompanied by her mother, who remained with her until her death when Alma was aged 20. In 1913 she was recommended to Max Reger, who, after hearing her play, wrote to his patron Duke George of Sachsen-Meiningen:
In Meiningen, Eisenach and Hildburghausen Alma Moodie played concertos with Reger conducting, and she appeared in recital with him. Reger also recommended her to other concert organisers. In 1914, he dedicated to her his Präludium und Fuge for solo violin, Op. 131a, No. 4. The Regers had no children, and Max and Alma became like father and daughter for some time. Her mother had planned to return to Australia, leaving Alma in the care of Max and Elsa Reger, but the start of World War I meant she could not leave Europe. The Moodies stayed in Meiningen for the first few months of the war, and then moved to Brussels. Reger died in 1916, without ever seeing Alma again. Times were very hard in Brussels for Alma and her mother. Alma became thin and ill, and claimed she did not touch her violin for four years. Her mother died of consumption or influenza in the spring of 1918.
Alma returned to Germany in October 1918, where she lived in a 12th-century castle in the Harz mountains as ward of Fürst Christian Ernst zu Stolberg und Wernigerode. It is not known how she came to be associated with him. However, it was while here that she met her future husband. She wanted to resume her violin playing, which had badly deteriorated during the war, and made contact with Carl Flesch in November 1919, who agreed to accept her as a pupil. She continued having lessons with Flesch throughout her travelling career and after the birth of her son. Flesch had a special fondness for Alma Moodie (he wrote 'amongst all the pupils in my course I liked Alma Moodie best').
She made Germany her home, and never returned to Australia. In Berlin on 6 November 1919, with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Max von Schillings, she premiered the Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 7 of Kurt Atterberg. In the 1922–23 season, she played ninety concerts, seventy of them in seven months, in a tour that took her to Switzerland, Italy, Paris, Berlin, and 'the Orient'.
From 1922 (or earlier), the Swiss businessman Werner Reinhart became a driving force in her career and she became a regular visitor to his homes in Winterthur and other places, where she came into contact with most of the prominent names in the contemporary music scene of the day. It was Reinhart who gave her a Guarnerius violin that had previously been owned by Fritz Kreisler. Through Reinhart, in 1923 she met the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, who was greatly impressed with her playing. He wrote in a letter: "What a sound, what richness, what determination. That and the "Sonnets to Orpheus", those were two strings of the same voice. And she plays mostly Bach! Muzot has received its musical christening...." And it was through Reinhart that she attended and performed at many of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM)'s festivals.
She championed the music of Hans Pfitzner and he dedicated his Violin Concerto in B minor, Op. 34 (1923) to her. She premiered it in Nuremberg, on 4 June 1924, with the composer conducting. Moodie became its leading exponent, and performed it over 50 times in Germany with conductors such as Pfitzner, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Hans Knappertsbusch, Hermann Scherchen, Karl Muck, Carl Schuricht, and Fritz Busch. At that time, the Pfitzner concerto was considered the most important addition to the violin concerto repertoire since the first concerto of Max Bruch, although it has slipped from the repertoire of most violinists these days.
Between 1921 and her death in 1943, Alma Moodie often appeared with the Latvian pianist and composer Eduard Erdmann, for example in Pfitzner's Violin Sonata, which was dedicated to Moodie. Erdmann's own Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 12 (1921) was dedicated to her, and she premiered it in Berlin in October 1921. The Australian-English critic Walter J. Turner wrote of a recital he heard them play in London in April 1934, 'it was the best violin piano duo that I have ever heard'. Their last concert together was given on 4 March 1943, three days before her death, when they were in the middle of the cycle of Beethoven sonatas.
Ernst Krenek married Anna Mahler (the daughter of Gustav Mahler) in March 1924, when Krenek was completing his Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 29. Alma Moodie assisted Krenek, not with the scoring of the violin part, but with getting financial assistance from Werner Reinhart at a time when there was hyper-inflation in Germany. In gratitude, Krenek dedicated the concerto to Moodie, and she premiered it on 5 January 1925, in Dessau. In the meantime, Krenek's marriage to Anna Mahler had collapsed, and their divorce became final a few days after the premiere. Krenek did not attend the premiere, but he did have an affair with Moodie which has been described as "short-lived and complicated". He never managed to hear her play the concerto, but he did "immortalize some aspects of her personality in the character of Anita in his opera Jonny spielt auf". Krenek also dedicated his Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 33 to Alma Moodie in 1924.
Igor Stravinsky arranged a suite of excerpts from Pulcinella for violin and piano, calling it "Suite from themes, fragments and pieces by Pergolesi". Alma Moodie premiered it with the composer in Frankfurt on 25 November 1925, and they played it on a number of other public occasions. They also played it at Werner Reinhart's home in Winterthur. Stravinsky described her as "excellent". He may also have intended a pair of arrangements from The Firebird with Moodie in mind.
Arthur Nikisch wrote of her to Carl Flesch from Leipzig in December 1925: "For me, this girl is a phenomenon artistically so delightful that I regard it as my natural duty to promote the interests of this blessed creature as much as I am able". Leopold Auer also heard her and held her in very high regard.
Alma Moodie was considered one of the most important interpreters of Brahms's works for violin. Hermann Reutter quotes her as saying "One must be at least forty to understand the greatness and depth of expression in Brahms' music." Reutter participated in many concerts with Alma Moodie, and dedicated his Rhapsodie for violin and piano, Op. 51 (1939), to her.
On 18 December 1927, she married Alexander Balthasar Alfred Spengler, a German lawyer, becoming the third of his six wives, and they had two children. They initially lived in Cologne. He was indifferent to her career, and she was tired from incessant travelling, so she performed less often after that. She taught violin at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, where she continued Carl Flesch's teaching tradition. Her students included Günter Kehr, Maria Thomán (daughter of István Thomán), Leah Luboschutz, May Harrison, Irma Seyde and Thelma Given.
Spengler was often travelling abroad; when he was home, he was demanding and unfaithful. Alma took to drinking and smoking, and found that she needed sleeping pills; later, her bow arm started to tremble uncontrollably, leading to more drinking and more sleeping pills.
Alma Moodie died on 7 March 1943, aged 44, during an air raid on Frankfurt, although the bombs were not the cause of her death. A doctor reported that she died accidentally of a thrombosis brought on by the mixture of alcohol and pills she had taken, but a number of her close friends believed her death to be suicide. Her obituary by the critic Karl Holl concluded: "Her violin playing has been silenced. But it leaves behind a ring of rare purity. Her name will always remain as that of a feminine personality in the history of music".
Concerto performances
In addition to the performances mentioned above, Alma Moodie's appearances included:
Bach Double Violin Concerto in D minor
with Georg Kulenkampff and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO) (15 December 1927)
with Riele Queling and the BPO under Wilhelm Furtwängler (Berlin, December 1933)
Bach Concerto in E major
at the Musikkollegium (Winterthur, 25 October 1922)
with Furtwängler (Hamburg, 1933)
Brahms Concerto in D major:
with the Meininger Hofkapelle under Max Reger (Eisenach, 6 December 1913; Hildburghausen, 7 December; Meiningen, 9 December; at these concerts she also played Reger's Suite im alten Stil, Op. 93, with the composer at the piano)
under Volkmar Andreae (Zürich, November 1921)
with the London Symphony Orchestra under Bruno Walter (London)
Busoni concerto (London, 1934) (this is possibly the same occasion as her appearance in London on 12 April 1934 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under Sir Thomas Beecham)
Dvořák Concerto in A minor (Duisburg, October 1921; Carl Flesch made a detour in his own touring schedule just to hear her)
Glazunov Concerto in A minor with Furtwängler (Vienna, November 1921)
Lalo Symphonie espagnole, BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Mendelssohn Concerto in E minor with Furtwängler (Leipzig, 1923)
Mozart "D major concerto" (this could refer to either No. 2 or No. 4) under Peter Hagel, BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Paganini D major concerto under Max von Schillings, BPO (Berlin, 6 November 1919)
Pfitzner Concerto in B minor (Berlin and Leipzig 1924; her 50th performance was in Flensburg, March 1929; Gewandhaus, Leipzig, January 1935)
Max von Schillings's Violin Concerto, Op. 25, composer conducting BPO (Berlin, 12 December 1919)
Posthumous recognition
In 1943, Karl Höller wrote his Violin Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 33 in memory of Alma Moodie.
The Australian composer David Osborne wrote a violin concerto titled Pictures of Alma, which was premiered on 30 May 2010 by Rochelle Bryson and the Raga Dolls Salon Orchestra, at the Iwaki Auditorium, ABC Southbank Centre, Melbourne. Osborne explained in a pre-performance interview broadcast on ABC Classic FM that the work sought to depict Alma Moodie in music at various stages of her life. He named it Pictures of Alma as he understood there were no surviving pictures of her, but he has since learned there are.
References
Further reading
Dreyfus, Kay (2013). Bluebeard's Bride: Alma Moodie, violinist. Parkwood, Victoria: Lyrebird Press. .
External links
1898 births
1943 deaths
People from Rockhampton
Australian classical violinists
Australian expatriates in Germany
Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni
Hoch Conservatory faculty
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century Australian musicians
Women classical violinists
20th-century women musicians
Drug-related deaths in Germany
Deaths from thrombosis |
6903818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20J.%20Scollay | Fred J. Scollay | Fred J. Scollay (March 19, 1923 – November 3, 2015) was an American character actor with dozens of credits in daytime and primetime television, as well as film and stage work
Early years and military service
Scollay was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and was "one of four orphaned Scollays." He was raised by Mr. and Mrs. James Murphy of Boston, Massachusetts. He studied acting at Emerson College and at Bishop-Lee Dramatic School.
Scollay was in the United States Navy during World War II, serving as an aviator machinist mate.
Television, film and stage
On daytime TV, Scollay was an original cast member of The Doctors, playing hospital chaplain Rev. Sam Shafer (1963-1964). From 1970 to 1971, he appeared on Somerset (TV series) as Harry Wilson (aka Ike Harding). On Another World (1977-1980), he played Charley Hobson, the last husband of Ada Hobson (Constance Ford). He also had smaller roles on several other soap operas.
In primetime, Scollay had roles dating back to the earliest days of television. He made numerous appearances in such programs as Studio One, Kraft Television Theatre, Armstrong Circle Theatre, Naked City, The Defenders, Dr. Kildare, and Gunsmoke, among many others. His last part was a recurring role as a judge on several episodes of Law & Order (1991-1996).
Scollay's work in motion pictures included A View from the Bridge, Odds Against Tomorrow, and Stage Struck.
Scollay's Broadway credits include The Devil's Advocate.
Death
Fred J. Scollay died on November 3, 2015, in Hobe Sound, Florida. His wife, Ann, predeceased him.
Filmography
References
External links
1923 births
2015 deaths
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
People from Boston
People from Hobe Sound, Florida
United States Navy personnel of World War II |
6903819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twmpath | Twmpath | Twmpath () is a Welsh word literally meaning a hump or tump, once applied to the mound or village green upon which the musicians sat and played for the community to dance.
Twmpath dawnsiau were a form of barn dance organised by Urdd Gobaith Cymru in the late 1950s and 1960s for the entertainment of young people, mainly from rural areas. These events remained popular until the rise of discos in the 1970s. Twmpath is used today to mean a Welsh version of the barn dance or cèilidh.
Te same word is also used to refer to a speed bump.
See also
Culture of Wales
Troyl
Notes
Welsh society
Welsh music
Welsh-language music
Welsh music history |
20471882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Jones%20%28cricketer%29 | Ronald Jones (cricketer) | Ronald Jones (9 September 1938 – 30 April 2019) was an English cricketer who played a single game of first-class cricket, for Worcestershire against Cambridge University in 1955, in which he scored 2 and 23.
Notes
References
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
1938 births
2019 deaths
Cricketers from Wolverhampton |
44501940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Boca%20Juniors | History of Boca Juniors | The origins of Argentine sports club Boca Juniors can be traced to the early 1900s, when a group of teenagers decided to establish a football club in La Boca, a working-class neighborhood of Buenos Aires. Most of the original founders of the club were of Italian descent, as the southern barrio had been settled by Ligurian migrants during the 19th century; to this day, Boca supporters are known as "Xeneizes" (a deformation of "Zeneise", meaning "Genoese" in the Ligurian language).
During the first years of its existence, the club developed a strong rivalry with then neighbor team River Plate, that would continue throughout the years, despite River Plate having left La Boca to establish itself in Belgrano. In the 20th century, Boca consolidated as one of the most popular and successful clubs in Argentina, giving its first step in 1913 when the team promoted to Primera División.
Although Boca Juniors won its first official title in 1919 (the Primera División championship), the first milestone in the history of the club came in 1925 with the successful tour to Europe, where Boca Juniors played 19 matches, winning 15 of them. That tour was the first time an Argentine team played abroad, and it helped Boca considerably increase its number of fans in Argentina. Besides, the term "player number 12" was used for the first time during that tour.
Before La Bombonera was opened in 1940, Boca Juniors played its home venues at many locations, with its first field located in Dársena Sud (south of current Puerto Madero neighborhood). Other locations include fields in Isla Demarchi, and Wilde in Avellaneda Partido. The first stadium in La Boca was at Ministro Brin and Senguel streets which lasted until 1924 when the club moved to Brandsen and Del Crucero.
Although football was the main interest of the club (and the sport which the club is mostly renowned for) at the moment of having been founded, Boca Juniors also added other sports, most notably basketball (which team has won several titles since the section was created in 1929), and volleyball. In football, Boca Juniors is considered one of the "Big Five" since 1937, when the Argentine Football Association (AFA) arranged a system of proportional representation for the affiliated clubs.
Italian immigration to Argentina
By 1905, Buenos Aires was a city of only 900,000 inhabitants. A significant part of them were Italian immigrants, that had arrived en masse from 1870 to 1920 with a peak between 1900 and 1915. The majority of them established in the Buenos Aires Province, working in a large range of occupations such as agriculture, craft, commerce, among others.
By 1914 the 50% of the immigrants who came to Argentina were Italian.
Italian immigrants living in La Boca tried to keep their customs and social practices. The "cantinas" were the places where they used to meet and dance the typical Italian rhythms. The dishes were also brought from their country of origin, such as pizza and pasta.
Italian influence is still visible in Argentina, with Lunfardo, the jargon enshrined in tango lyrics, laden with Italianisms, often also found in the mainstream colloquial dialect (Rioplatense Spanish). Common dishes with Italian names and origins (milanesa, fainá, polenta, pascualina) were adopted by Argentina and nowadays they are recognizable dishes of the local gastronomy.
Foundation
On April 1, 1905, a group of boys that had been part of a football team, "Independencia Sud", met in a bench of Plaza Solís of La Boca with the purpose of establishing a team. They were Esteban Baglietto, Santiago Scarpatti, Santiago Sana, and brothers Juan and Teodoro Farenga. As they didn't reach an agreement, a new meeting was called for the next day. In a new meeting on April 3, they finally agreed and the first committee was established, with Baglietto as president. After several names were proposed, "Boca" (for the neighborhood) was chosen, adding "Juniors" to it after a suggestion by Sana, to highlight to name. The use of English language in football team names was commonplace, as British railway workers had originally introduced football into Argentina.
Plaza Solís, seat of the first meeting, is recognized today as the place where Boca Juniors was established.
Baglietto, Sana and Scarpatti had received football lessons by Patrick "Paddy" McCarthy an Irish footballer and boxer who came to Argentina in 1900 and taught football techniques to the children of immigrants, as an appointed member of the sports municipal committee in Buenos Aires.
Other important founders members include Arturo Penney, Marcelino Vergara, Luis Cerezo, Adolfo Taggio, Giovanelli, Donato Abbatángelo and Bertolini.
Early years
The first field of the club was placed on the square block formed by Pedro de Mendoza, Colorado (A. Caffarena today), Sengüel (B. Pérez Galdós) and Gaboto streets in "Dársena Sud", while the headquarters located on Pinzón street (then moved to Suárez street). On April 21, 1905, Boca Juniors played its first match, beating Mariano Moreno 4–0, with goals scored by Juan Farenga (2), José Farenga and Sana. The starting line-up was: Esteban Baglietto (founder and president); José Farenga (founder and treasurer), Santiago Sana, Vicente Oñate, Guillermo Tyler, Luis De Harenne, Alfredo Scarpatti (secretary), Pedro Moltedo (captain), Amadeo Gelsi (vice-president), Alberto Tallent and Juan Farenga (founder). In that match, the team wore a white shirt with black stripes, hand-stitched by Manuela, sister of the Farenga. That shirt was worn in several matches until it was replaced by a light blue one. Nevertheless, some versions state that the first jersey was pink and was worn only for the first two games, although there are no any solid evidence that can prove this.
In August 1905, Boca registered to play in Copa Villalobos, where the team made a poor performance losing most of games. One of its rivals was Club Atlético Independiente. After the frustrating experience in Villalobos, Boca Juniors registered to another ligue, "Liga Central" in 1906, where the team would win its first title, being awarded the "Copa Reformista Trophy". Boca played 18 matches, winning 15 and remaining unbeaten.
In 1907 the club played two matches in Liga Central before switching to "Asociación Porteña de Foot-Ball". Some sources state that Boca wore the blue and gold colors for the first time on August 4, v General Arenales (Boca won 1–0). Those colors came after a suggestion from former club's president (and port worker) Juan Brichetto, taking the colors of the flag of the first ship he allowed to cross on the following morning. As the first ship that crossed the bridge was Swedish, Boca Juniors took those colors. It is believed that it was the 4146-ton freighter "Drottning Sophia", a Swedish vessel sailing from Copenhagen, although other historians say that the Drottning Sophia did not arrive in Buenos Aires in 1907 but in 1905. The ship that gave it colors to Boca Juniors would have probably been the Oskar II of Nordstjernan/Johnson Line, arriving to the port on February 5, 1907. The first design with those colors was blue with a diagonal gold sash.
In Asociación Porteña, Boca reached the final v Araneles, losing the playoff 1–0 after the first match (won by Boca 4–1) was annulled and the second ended in a 3–3 tie. In September, Boca registered in Liga Albión, where one of its rivals was Santa Rosa (predecessor of then arch-rival River Plate). That year, Boca played its first international match, v Uruguayan club Universal from Montevideo, on December 8, 1907. Universal won 1–0.
Boca Juniors played the 1907 Copa Albión final v San Telmo in 1908, winning 4–1 and therefore achieving its second title, being awarded the "Copa Barone Trophy".
AFA affiliation
In 1908 Boca Juniors affiliated to the Argentine Football Association to play in Segunda División, the second division of Argentine football by then. Boca Juniors' debut in official tournaments was on May 3, 1908, when the squad defeated Belgrano A.C. II by 3–1 in the stadium of Virrey del Pino and Superí of Belgrano neighborhood. Boca Juniors starting line-up for that historic match was: Juan de los Santos; Marcelino Vergara, Luis Cerezo; Guillermo Ryan, Alberto Penney, Juan Priano; Arturo Penney, Manuel Eloiso, Rafael Pratt, Pedro Moltedo, José María Farenga. Goals were scored by Pratt (2) and Eloiso. The squad finished in first place (among eight teams) and qualified for the next stage, the semifinal, where Boca was beat by Racing Club 1–0.
On August 2, the first Superclásico (friendly) was played, with Boca winning 2–1. Nevertheless, some sources state that there were previous matches between both clubs. That same year Boca Juniors played its first Copa Bullrich, a competition contested by Segunda División clubs. Boca was eliminated by Atlanta (then champion) in the second stage after being beat 5–0.
In 1909 Boca made a poor campaign, finishing 3rd in its zone. Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires promoted to Primera División. In 1910 Boca Juniors made a good campaign winning 15 matches with only 3 losses. Boca played another semifinal against Racing Club but it lost 2–1 (at GEBA) and could not promote to the first division.
In 1911, División Intermedia is created as the second level of Argentine football, with Boca Juniors as one of its teams. The club made a poor campaign with only 7 wins and 8 loses, almost being relegated. Pedro Calomino (who became the first idol in the history of the club) debuted during this competition.
Boca left its field in 1912 to move to Costanera Sur, where the Naval Observatory is located nowadays. As a result of the first schism in the Association, dissident body Federación Argentina de Football is established, causing that only a few clubs remained to play a championship. Boca would be promoted to the first Division –among other teams– the next year.
The coming to Primera División and "Superclásico"
In 1913 Boca earned the promotion to Primera División that the team had wanted for many years. This was possible when the Asociación Argentina de Fútbol decided to increase the number of teams in the league from 6 to 15. The other teams that went to Primera were Ferro Carril Oeste, Platense, Banfield, Olivos, Comercio, Ferrocarril Sud and Riachuelo.
Boca Juniors finished 5th. at its first season in Primera División, playing a total of 14 matches. The team won 8, lost 4 and drew 2, scoring 29 goals and conceding 16. The next season Boca Juniors finished 3rd. of 13 teams. The 1915 championship the team decreased its performance dramatically, finishing 14th. of 25, also suffering thrashing defeats at the hands of Racing Club (0–6) and San Isidro, the two best teams of the tournament. The defeat to San Isidro remains as the worst defeat ever in official matches.
The first official match between Boca Juniors and arch-rival River Plate, known as Superclásico, was played in the 1913 Primera División championship at Racing Club stadium, being won by River Plate by 2–1. Boca had previously played against River in other unofficial matches, but the exact dates are still under dispute. The most extended version affirms that the first Superclásico ever was played on August 2, 1908, with Boca Juniors being the winner by 2–1, although there are no documents that support the information. Other version state that the first recorded match was played in 1912.
First titles and success
In 1919, the Association expelled 7 clubs (while other 6 disaffiliated from the body to form Asociación Amateurs de Football), annulling the championship in progress and organised another competition with only 6 teams, Boca Juniors among them.
Boca Juniors won its first title ever (the 1919 Primera División championship). The team won all the matches played, scoring 29 goals and only conceding 5. The starting line-up for the last round was: Tesoriere; Cortella, Ortega; López, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Bozzo, Garasini, Martín, Miranda. It was played at Boca Juniors stadium, where Boca beat Sp. Almagro 4–0 (Martín and Miranda, two goals each).
That same year Boca won three titles else, national cups Copa de Competencia Jockey Club and Copa Ibarguren (both vs. the same rival and score: Rosario Central, 1–0) and the last edition of international Tie Cup defeating Uruguayan team Nacional 2–0 at Estadio Sportivo Barracas (goals by Miranda and Bozzo). Because of those achievements, 1919 remains as the most successful season in club's history, having won 4 titles (1 league, 2 domestic cups and 1 international).
The 1920 decade was also one of the most successful for the club, winning 9 titles. The second (and consecutive) league title in 1920, when in round 18th. Boca thrashed Nueva Chicago 7–0 on December 19. Boca played a total of 24 games with 20 won and only 1 loss.
In 1923 Boca won its third Primera División title, in a championship where 4 matches had to be played to decide which team (Boca or Huracán) would be the champion, so Boca won the first game but was defeated in the 2nd leg; the 3rd match finished in a tie, therefore, a 4th game had to be played (at Estadio Sportivo Barracas stadium, on 27 April 1924), finally won by Boca 2–0 thus winning the title. Both goals were scored by Garasini. The line-up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Garasini, Pozzo, Pertini. In 1923, Boca also won the 1920 edition of Copa de Honor Cousenier to Universal FC 2–0 in Montevideo, becoming the first title won outside Argentina. Line up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Tarasconi, Pertini, Filiberti (goals by Pertini and Tarasconi).
Also in 1923 Boca also won its second Copa Ibarguren after defeating Rosario Central (the same team that Boca had beaten in 1919) 1–0 at Sportivo Barracas. The line-up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Coverto, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Tarasconi, Pozzo, Pertini.
Boca was the unbeaten champion of the 1924 season, winning 18 matches out of 19. The team finished with a total of 67 goals scored (an average of 3.52 per game) and only conceded 8. That same year Boca Juniors won its third Copa Dr. Ibarguren after thrashing Rosario Central by 5–1 at Chacarita Juniors stadium.
European tour: "Champion of Honour"
In 1925 Boca made its first trip to Europe to play at Spain, Germany and France. The squad played a total of 19 games, winning 15 of them. Some of the rivals defeated were Real Madrid, Celta de Vigo and Deportivo La Coruña. On 28 June 1926, in a meeting held at the Association Argentina de Football, Boca Juniors was declared "Campeón de Honor" (Champion of Honour) of 1925 season, and each member of the team received a commemorative medal. The players were: Tesoriere, Bidoglio, Muttis, Tarasconi, Busso, Elli, Médici, Garasini, Antraygues, Cerroti, Pertini and Posso.
After the successful tour of Europe, Boca Juniors returned to the local competitions, winning its 5th. Primera División championship in 1926, having finished unbeaten (same as 1924 season) after 17 games played. Boca Juniors and Independiente were to play-off for the unified title following the unification of the two leagues (Asociación Argentina de Football and Asociación Amateurs de Football), but after their match (played on 20 February 1927) was halted due to a spectator invasion, and a replay on 3 March 1927, finished 0–0, no further match was played due to the start of the new season. Boca not only won the league championship but another edition of the Copa de Competencia Jockey Club, defeating Argentinos Juniors in the second match after the first game had finished drawn.
In 1926 Boca Juniors won another national cup, the Copa Estímulo (played while the Argentina national football team played at the South American championship) defeating Sportivo Balcarce by 3–0 at the final.
Boca Juniors finished the 1920s being one of the most successful teams of the decade, winning 4 league titles and 4 national cups during that period.
The 1930s
After losing at the hands of San Lorenzo de Almagro the 1929 championship, Boca would win its 6th. title in 1930, when the squad defeated Atlanta by 4–1, just two fixtures before the end of the season. The line-up that attended the match was: Mena, Bidoglio, Muttis; Moreyras, Pedemonte, Arico Suárez; Penella, Kuko, Tarasconi, Cherro, Alberino.
With the introduction of professional football in Argentina, Boca won its 7th. league championship in 1931, defeating its main rival, River Plate by 3–0 in the last fixture. Boca scored 50 points, with a total of 22 victories, 6 draws and 6 losses. The line-up that reached the title in the 34th. fixture was: Fossatti; Muttis; Evaristo, Silenzi, Arico Suárez; Nardini, Tarasconi, Varallo, Cherro, Alberino.
In 1934 Boca won another title, although the team lost 7 matches and conceded 62 goals. Boca crowned in the round 38, when the team defeated Platense by 5–1. The key was in the power of the forwards, who scored 101 goals. Boca Juniors became the first team which scored more than 100 goals in the league. The line-up in the match vs. Platense was: Yustrich; Alves do Río, Bibí, Vernieres, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Zatelli, Benítez Cáceres, Varallo, Cherro, Cusatti.
When winning the 1935 season, Boca became the first successive champion of the professional era. The team also scored 100 goals and only conceded 29. Boca Juniors crowned champion in the 33rdh round, after defeating Tigre by 3–0. The line-up for that match was: Yustrich; Domingos, Valussi; Vernieres, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Tenorio, Benítez Cáceres, Varallo, Cherro, Garibaldi.
During the decade of the 1930s, some footballers such as Juan Yustrich (nicknamed El Pez Volador -The Flying Fish), Pedro Arico Suárez, Delfín Benítez Cáceres, Domingo Tarasconi, Roberto Cherro and Francisco Varallo were not only big stars but Boca Juniors great idols.
The 1940s
During this period, Boca won three league championships in the 1940s, the same as the previous decade. The first title was obtained in 1940, the same year that La Bombonera was inaugurated. The key match was against Independiente, which Boca won 5–2 therefore crowning champion. The line-up was: Estrada; Ibáñez, Marante; A. López, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Sas, Carniglia, Sarlanga, Gandulla, Emeal. Boca won 24 games, drew 7 and lost 3. That same year Boca Juniors won the Copa Ibarguren (the 4th. for the club) after thrashing Rosario Central by 5–1 at Chacarita Juniors stadium. The line-up for that match was: Vacca; Ibáñez, Marante; A. López, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Gelpi, Carniglia, Sarlanga, Gandulla, Rossell.
In 1944 Boca would be (for the second time in its history) successive champion, when the squad defeated Racing by 3–0 in the last fixture. The game was played in River Plate stadium (because the Bombonera had been temporarily closed due to hooliganism incidents). Over 19 games Boca Juniors won 19, with 8 draws and 3 losses. The line-up for that match vs. Racing is still remembered as one of the greatest Boca all-time teams: Vacca; Marante, Valussi; Sosa, Lazzatti, Pescia; Boyé, Corcuera, Sarlanga, S. Varela, Sánchez. During that season, Boca also remained unbeated for 26 consecutive matches, which was a record in the professional era until Racing broke this landmark when playing 39 matches without being defeated in 1966.
In 1944 Boca Juniors also won its 5th. Copa Ibarguren, when the squad beat the Tucumán combined by 3–0. The line-up was: Vacca; Melogno, De Zorzi; Sosa, Lazzatti, Pescia; Boyé, Corcuera, Sarlanga, Ricagni, Rodríguez.
Boca Juniors won other National cup in 1946, the Copa de Competencia Británica, when the squad defeated San Lorenzo by 3–1, playing again at River Plate stadium.
On the other hand, Boca was near to being relegated to Segunda División in 1949 but could keep its place in Primera with a large victory over Lanús in the last fixture. It was the first time that Boca finished last in any Primera División season.
The 1950s and the Glorious 1960s
In 1954 Boca won its first title after nine unsuccessful years. The key match was against Huracán, which Boca won 3–1 obtaining the championship. The top scorer was José "Pepino" Borello (19 goals). Another outstanding player was Julio Musimessi, nicknamed "El arquero cantor" ("The singer goalkeeper").
Boca finished 8th in 1959 although the team won the two "Superclásicos" (5–1 and 3–2 after being behind 2–0).
On 9 December 1962, Boca won a legendary match defeating River Plate 1–0, with the highlight being goalkeeper Antonio Roma stopping a penalty shot by Delem when only 6 minutes were left till the end of the match. Boca finally won its first title of the decade in the next fixture with a great victory (4–0) over Estudiantes de La Plata, becoming new champion. During the 1960s, Boca Juniors won 5 championships.
The following title obtained was in 1964, with Antonio Roma not conceding a goal for 742 minutes, and conceding only one goal in 14 matches. In 1965 Boca became successive champions for the 3rd time in the professional era. The key matches were the victory over River Plate (2–1) and Atlanta in the last fixture.
In the 1968 Metropolitano championship during a Superclásico that ended 0–0, seventy-one Boca Juniors supporters died after being squashed against an exit door at River Plate Stadium, which remained closed at the moment of the fans left the stadium. This is still remembered as The Tragedy of the Door No. 12 (La Tragedia de la Puerta 12).
In 1969 an official tournament named Copa Argentina was disputed. Teams included were those playing the Metropolitano and others outside Buenos Aires. Boca Juniors proclaimed champion after defeating Atlanta by goal average (the matches ended 3–1 and 0–1). Boca Juniors played a total of 10 matches, winning 7, with 1 draw and only 1 loss.
During the same year, Boca played its last match of the Nacional championship visiting River Plate at the Monumental. The match ended 2–2 (Norberto Madurga scored twice) proclaiming Boca as the new champion. The Xeneizes totalized 29 points, winning 13, with 3 draws and only 1 defeat and were coached by Alfredo Di Stéfano.
1970s: the second "Golden Age"
In 1970 Boca won another title defeating Rosario Central in the final match of the Nacional tournament. In 1976 Juan Carlos Lorenzo arrived at the club. He would become one of the most successful coaches in the history of Boca Juniors, winning 5 official titles within 3 years. First of them was the 1976 Metropolitano, which Boca obtained after defeating Unión de Santa Fe by 2–0, one round before the end of the tournament.
The following tournament (1976 Nacional) Boca played a historic final match against arch-rival River Plate, winning 1–0 through a direct free kick goal scored by Rubén Suñé. Boca Juniors line-up was Gatti; Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Tarantini; Ribolzi, Suñé, Veglio; Mastrángelo, Taverna, Felman (Zanabria). It was the only final played by both Superclásico teams up to present days.
That championship qualified Boca Juniors to play the 1977 Copa Libertadores, having reached the final match against Cruzeiro. After a victory 1–0 in Buenos Aires and a defeat in Belo Horizonte by the same score, it was necessary to play a third game, held in Estadio Centenario in Montevideo where Boca finally obtained the Libertadores for the first time, after a dramatic penalty shoot-out where Hugo Gatti stopped the last shot by Brazilian player Vanderley after the match ended 0–0. Starting line up was: Gatti, Pernía, Tesare, Mouzo, Tarantini; Benítez, Suñé (Ribolzi), Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Veglio, Felman.
The next title (and the most important of the decade) won by Boca Juniors was the 1977 edition of the Intercontinental Cup vs. German club Borussia Mönchengladbach (played one year later). The first leg played in Buenos Aires in March 1979 ended 2–2 (goals: Mastrángelo and Ribolzi) but Boca won the second game (played more than four months later, on August 1 in Karlsruhe) 3–0 and brought the trophy back to Argentina. The starting line-up in Germany was Santos; Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Bordón; Benítez, Suñé, Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Pavón, Salinas. Goals were scored by Felman, Mastrángelo and Salinas.
To close a second part of the decade plenty of achievements, Boca Juniors won its second Copa Libertadores in 1978, after defeating Deportivo Cali (coached by Carlos Bilardo) 4–0 in La Bombonera on 28 November (the first match played in Colombia had finished 0–0). With goals by Perotti (2), Mastrángelo and Salinas, Boca Juniors' line-up was: Gatti, Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Bordón; Benítez (Veglio), Suñé, Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Salinas, Perotti.
1980s: The Maradona revolution and few titles
After a campaign in 1980 where the team was managed by club legend Antonio Rattín, the highlight of the 1980s was the acquisition of prodigious Diego Maradona, who came to the club along with Miguel Brindisi, Osvaldo Escudero, and Marcelo Trobbiani, while another club legend, Silvio Marzolini, was appointed as coach. Boca won its first title of the decade, the 1981 Metropolitano championship after a 1–1 draw v. Racing in the round 17th. The Xeneizes totalized 50 points, with 20 wins, 10 draws and 4 losses. The starting line-up v Racing was: Gatti; Suárez, Mouzo, Ruggeri, Córdoba; Benítez, Passucci, Brindisi; Estudero (Trobbiani), Maradona, Perotti. Maradona and Brindisi were highly regarded as the most notable players of the squad.
The following year, Boca lost the young Maradona, who moved to Europe to play for FC Barcelona, owing also to Argentina's political problems. In 1984 Boca was near to a financial collapse, almost going bankrupt. The same year the team suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of FC Barcelona, losing 1–9 in friendly competition Joan Gamper Trophy. After the departure of Marzolini in 1981, Boca Juniors hired several head coaches although the squad could not win any title until 1989. The list of managers includes Vladislao Cap, Carmelo Faraone, Raúl Rodríguez Seoane, Ernesto Grillo, Miguel Ángel López, Dino Sani, Mario Zanabria, Alfredo Di Stéfano, César Luis Menotti, Roberto Saporiti, Juan Carlos Lorenzo (in his second tenure on the club) and José Omar Pastoriza.
In 1985, Antonio Alegre and Carlos Heller were elected president and vice-president, respectively. Under their command, Boca settled 153 lawsuits early in his tenure by mortgaging his business assets for US$250,000, and by lending Boca Juniors US$800,000. These and other measures enabled them to recover the club's finances. Boca also sold the land acquired earlier for US$21 million.
The club's improved finances led to its revival, and Boca emerged victorious in a number of coveted tournaments in subsequent years, being the 1989 Supercopa Libertadores the last title of the decade, beating Independiente by penalty shoot-out after both legs ended 0–0. The team, managed by Carlos Aimar, achieve its first international honour since the 1978 Copa Libertadores. The starting line-up for the second leg was: Navarro Montoya; Stafuza, Simón, Marchesini, Cuciuffo; Giunta, Marangoni, J.D. Ponce, Latorre; Graciani (Pico), Perazzo (S. Berti).
Early 1990s
The number of international titles won increased during the first part of the decade, with Boca Juniors winning the 1990 Recopa Sudamericana, the 1992 Copa Master de Supercopa and the 1993 Copa de Oro (named "Nicolás Leoz"). At the domestic level, the squad won the celebrated 1992 Apertura, after eleven years without league titles and managed by Uruguayan Óscar Tabárez, who had arrived to the club in 1991. Some of the most notable players of the late 1980s–early 1990s were Carlos Navarro Montoya (ranked 5th among the footballers who played the most matches with the club), Diego Latorre, Gabriel Batistuta, Juan Simón, Carlos Mac Allister, Carlos Tapia, Blas Giunta, Claudio Marangoni, Sergio Martínez, Alberto Márcico, Roberto Cabañas.
In 1995, entrepreneur Mauricio Macri was elected as president of the club. One of his first actions was to refurbish La Bombonera, demolishing the old boxes to build new ones. The club also built a basketball, venue, Estadio Luis Conde (known as La Bombonerita) with a capacity of 2,000 spectators, inaugurated in 1996. Macri also created an investment fund for the purchase of football players. Macri also hired Jorge Griffa to manage the youth divisions of the club with the purpose of promoting new talents from Boca Juniors instead buying players from other clubs.
The first manager under Macri's presidency was former Argentina national team coach, Carlos Bilardo. His tenure lasted only one year, with no titles won despite the large number of players acquired, including Diego Maradona –who had returned to the club– Claudio Caniggia, Juan Verón, Kily González, Fernando Gamboa and Néstor Fabbri. Bilardo resigned after Boca Juniors finished 10th. in the 1996–97 season. Bilardo's successor was Héctor Veira, but he could not win any title with a team that had its best performance in the 1997 Apertura, finishing runner-up.
The Bianchi era: another Golden Age
Former Vélez Sársfield coach Carlos Bianchi arrived at the club in 1998 and under his command, the squad would achieve multiple local and international titles, breaking the record obtained with Juan Carlos Lorenzo in the 1970s. With Carlos Bianchi as coach, Boca won 9 titles.
The first title obtained was the 1998 Apertura, which Boca won being undefeated for the first time. Martín Palermo was the top scorer with 20 goals in 19 matches played. Boca later won a new championship in the 1999 Clausura becoming successive champions. The team remained undefeated in 40 matches, breaking the record of 39 matches achieved by Racing Club in the 1960s. This mark is still a record in the professional era of Argentine football.
The year 2000 was the most successful for Boca Juniors. The team won the Copa Libertadores after 22 years without winning that trophy, defeating Palmeiras in the finals by penalty-shots after two matches ended in a draw (2–2 and 0–0). Goalkeeper Oscar Córdoba was the most notable player of the final played in São Paulo. As the new South America champion, Boca went to Tokyo to play the 2000 Intercontinental Cup against Real Madrid, defeating the Merengue team 2–1 (goals by Palermo). The same year Boca won another local title, the Torneo Apertura, totaling 3 titles in 2000.
In 2001 Boca were Copa Libertadores champion again, defeating Cruz Azul in a penalty shootout. Boca won 1–0 the first final match in Mexico and lost the second game in La Bombonera by the same score. Oscar Córdoba was the most notable player again.
Bianchi left the club in 2002 due to a conflict with the chairman Mauricio Macri, so Oscar Tabárez was chosen as his replacement beginning his second run as team's coach. Nevertheless, Bianchi would return the following year to take care of the team again. In 2003, Boca obtained a new title winning the Copa Libertadores for the 3rd time in 4 years. The most notable player of that tournament was Carlos Tevez while Marcelo Delgado was the top scorer with 9 goals. In the finals played against Santos FC, Boca won 2–0 in Buenos Aires and 3–1 in São Paulo. Boca Juniors completed another successful year winning the 2003 Intercontinental Cup against AC Milan by penalty-shot after a 1–1 draw. Matías Donnet, who tied the game in the 29th minute, was named the Man of the Match.
Boca reached another Copa Libertadores final in 2004, but lost to Once Caldas from Manizales, Colombia in PK's. Once the Cup was over, Bianchi resigned, finishing one of the most successful periods in the club history.
Basile's multi-champion
After Bianchi's departure from the club, Miguel Brindisi (who had played for the club in the 1980s) was chosen as coach but he soon resigned at the end of the 2004 Apertura, when Boca finished 8th. The successor of Brindisi was Jorge Chino Benítez, another player for Boca in the 1970s and 1980s. Under his coaching, Boca won the 2004 Copa Sudamericana defeating Club Bolívar in the finals.
In 2005 (the year of Boca's 100th anniversary) the Xeneize contested another edition of the Copa Libertadores, being eliminated by Chivas de Guadalajara. In that match, Benítez spat at the Chiva's player Adolfo Bautista, causing a melee which resulted in the referee abandoning the match. Due to this act, Benítez was immediately dismissed by the club. After Benítez's dismissal, Boca hired Alfio Basile as its coach.
With Basile as the coach, Boca won the Recopa Sudamericana (2005 edition), defeating Once Caldas, and the 2005 Copa Sudamericana, where the Xeneize won over Pumas from México by penalty-shots after two draws. Roberto Abbondanzieri was the MVP, stopping two shots and converting the decisive penalty kick. Boca would win two titles more: the 2005 Apertura and 2006 Clausura becoming the successive champion of Argentine football. The squad also obtained the 2006 Recopa Sudamericana over São Paulo.
After the elimination of the Argentina national football team in the 2006 World Cup, Basile was called by the National Association to take over and left the club under a successful run. Under the coaching of Basile, Boca Juniors won five titles within two years (2005–06).
More international success
Ricardo Lavolpe was chosen to be the coach succeeding Basile. In the 2006 Apertura the team made a good campaign but at the end of the season finished with the same number of points as Estudiantes de La Plata, so both teams had to play a match in order to proclaim a new champion. Estudiantes defeated Boca 2–1 in Vélez Sársfield stadium and Lavolpe resigned as the coach.
The next coach was Miguel Ángel Russo and Juan Román Riquelme returned to the club. Boca Juniors won the 2007 Copa Libertadores defeating Brazilian team Gremio in the finals (3–0 in Buenos Aires and 2–0 in Porto Alegre). Riquelme (who scored 8 goals) was considered to be the best player of the tournament by journalists and fans. As the South American champion, Boca went to Tokyo to dispute the FIFA Club World Cup but was defeated by Italian AC Milan by 4–2.
Carlos Ischia was appointed as coach after Russo's departure. Under his coaching, the club won the 2008 Recopa Sudamericana (against Arsenal de Sarandí). On the other hand, Boca was eliminated by Fluminense (which would be the runner up) in the 2008 Copa Libertadores semi-finals. At the end of that year Boca obtained a new title, the 2008 Apertura. That season ended with Boca, San Lorenzo and Tigre in equal 1st position so a play-off tournament had to be contested among those 3 teams in order to proclaim a new champion. Boca won that tournament and became new Argentine champion. That same season Boca's arch-rival River Plate finished the last for the first time in its history.
Boca finished 14th (over 19 teams) in the 2009 Clausura and Ischia was dismissed by the club (although the managers said he had resigned) and Basile was called to start his second run as coach. Nevertheless, after finishing 11th in the 2009 Apertura, Basile left the club.
2010s: local success continues
For the 2010 Clausura the team was coached firstly by Abel Alves and then by Roberto Pompei, who were working with the youth teams when they were appointed to coach the first division team. Boca finished 16th so the club decided to hire Claudio Borghi (who had won a title coaching Argentinos Juniors the last season) as team's new coach, but he left the club after 14 matches, due to the bad results obtained. Roberto Pompei was designated to be the coach until the end of the Apertura. Boca finished in 12th position.
In January 2011, Boca hired Julio Falcioni who had won a title coaching Banfield in 2009. The team did not have a good campaign in the Clausura, although Boca won the Superclásico (the last played before River was relegated to the second division) finishing 7th. In the last fixture (when Boca played against Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata) Martín Palermo, the all-time top scorer, retired.
For the 2011 Apertura, Boca acquired goalkeeper Agustín Orión and veteran centre back Rolando Schiavi, who returned after his tenure at Newell's Old Boys. After three years without any achievements, Boca won its 30th. league title when the squad defeated Banfield by 3–0 on round 17. The line-up was Orion; Roncaglia, Schiavi, Insaurralde, Clemente Rodríguez; Rivero, Somoza, Erviti; Chávez; Mouche, Cvitanich. Boca Juniors completed the tournament remaining unbeaten, with 12 wins and 7 draws. The team also conceded the fewest goals (only 6 in 19 matches disputed) which set a record for short tournaments in Argentina (after Clausura and Apertura championships were established in 1991). That same season, Boca also won the second edition of the relaunched Copa Argentina, after beating Racing Club at the final. Some changes in the line-up were goalkeeper Ustari, defender Caruzzo and forwards Viatri and Silva.
In 2012, Boca reached the final of Copa Libertadores, five years after having won the 2007 final, but the squad lost to Brazilian Corinthians by 3–1 on aggregate. On the knockout stages, the squad had previously eliminated Unión Española, Fluminense and Universidad de Chile.
In 2013, it was confirmed that Carlos Bianchi, the most successful coach in Boca Juniors' history, would return to take care of the team again. On August 28, 2014, after 74 matches with only 45 percent effectiveness (26 wins and losses), having conceded 88 and scored 79 goals and without any championships, Bianchi was dismissed by the club.
After dismissing Bianchi, former player Rodolfo Arruabarrena was hired as manager of the club. With Arruabarrena as coach, Boca Juniors qualified to the semifinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana but it was defeated by River Plate (0–1 on aggregate). The next year, Boca Juniors was disqualified from the 2015 Copa Libertadores by CONMEBOL following the incidents that occurred during the match against River Plate at La Bombonera. The sentence came after four River Plate players, Leonardo Ponzio, Leonel Vangioni, Ramiro Funes Mori and Matías Kranevitter suffered a "chemical kerititis", an inflammation of the cornea, as a result of the exposure to chemicals during the second leg match against Boca at La Bombonera. Prior to those incidents, Boca Juniors had won all the games at group stage finishing with 18 points and only 2 goals conceded in 6 games played.
After the frustration at Copa Libertadores, Boca would win its 31st league title, the 2015 Primera División on November 1, when the team defeated Tigre in the penultimate fixture of the championship with a goal scored by Fabián Monzón. The line-up for that match was Orión; Peruzzi, Tobio, Rolín, Monzón; Pablo Pérez (Bentancur), Cubas, Meli, Lodeiro (Colazo); Tévez, Calleri (Chávez). Tevez (who had left Juventus to join Boca Juniors at the beginning of that year) was the keyplayer of the team. Only three days after winning the Primera División title, Boca Juniors won the 2014–15 Copa Argentina beating Rosario Central by 2–0 (goals by Lodeiro and Chávez) in a match played at Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes of Córdoba. The match became controversial due to referee Gustavo Ceballos disallowed a Rosario Central goal and awarded Boca Juniors a penalty kick after the foul was committed outside the penalty area. The starting line-up v Rosario Central was: Orión; Peruzzi, Tobio, D. Díaz, Monzón; Meli, Erbes, P. Pérez (Bentancur), Lodeiro (Rolín); Calleri (Chávez), Tévez.
The Barros Schelotto era
On February 29, 2016, Arruabarrena was dismissed as Boca Juniors manager. Under his coaching, the squad won two titles in 75 games, winning 47, drawing 13 and losing 15. On March 1, Guillermo Barros Schelotto was announced as the new manager, being his third time as manager in a professional football team. He returned to the club after his tenure as player between 1997 and 2007 where he won 16 titles.
Under Barros Schelotto's coaching, Boca reached the semifinals in the 2016 Copa Libertadores after beating Uruguayan Nacional by penalties but the team was eliminated by Ecuadorean Independiente del Valle after losing the two legs (1–2 and 2–3). At domestic level, Boca Juniors won its 32nd league title, the 2016–17 Primera División, where the team crowned champion on June 20, 2017, before playing the 29th round v. Olimpo in Bahía Blanca. The starting line-up was: Rossi; Jara, Tobio (Vergini), Magallán, Silva; Gago, Barrios, Pablo Pérez; Pavón, Benedetto (Bou), Centurión (Benítez). Boca totalised 63 points in 30 matches (7 points over its rival River Plate, runner-up with 56). Besies, Benedetto was the topscorer of the competition with 21 goals.
Boca Juniors won its second consecutive league title in 2017–18, totalising 58 points over 27 matches (Godoy Cruz was the runner-up with 56). Boca crowned champion after a 2–2 tie with Gimnasia y Esgrima LP in round 25 (goals by P. Pérez and Ábila). The starting line-up was: Rossi; Jara, Vergini, Magallán, Mas; Nández, S. Pérez, P. Pérez; Tévez (Benítez); Pavón (Buffarini), Ábila (Cardona).
In November 2018 Boca played a Copa Libertadores final after 6 years. The team had previously eliminated Brazilian clubs Cruzeiro (2–0, 1–1 in quarterfinals) and Palmeiras (2–0, 2–2 in semifinals). In the finals, Boca lost to River Plate (5–3 on aggregate). Because of the incidents by River supporters before the second leg started at Estadio Monumental, the match was suspended and rescheduled for December 9, 2018 at Santiago Bernabeu Stadium, where Boca was beaten by its classic rival.
Last years
In 2019, Gustavo Alfaro was appointed as manager of the team. With him, Boca won the 2018 Supercopa Argentina after beating Rosario Central 6–5 by penalty shoot-out. This would be the only title won with Alfaro so that same season, Boca lost the 2019 Copa de la Superliga to Tigre (0–2). It was also the Matador first title in the top division. Boca Juniors was also eliminated from 2018–19 Copa Argentina after losing to Almagro 3–1 on penalties.
In 2019 Copa Libertadores Boca was eliminated to River Plate by goal difference (1–2 on aggregate). In December 2019, Jorge Amor Ameal was elected as president with media entrepreneur Mario Pergolini and former star Román Riquelme as vice–presidents. Gustavo Alfaro left the club after his contract ended on December 23, being replaced by Miguel Ángel Russo who started his second tenure as manager of the team.
The first title with Russo came in March 2020, after Boca Juniors won the 2019–20 Primera División in the last fixture, when the team beat Gimnasia y Esgrima LP (coached by Diego Maradona) 1–0. With archrival River Plate placed first with 46 points and Boca 2nd with 45, Boca Juniors won the match while River tied 1–1 with Atlético Tucumán therefore Boca won its 34th. league title totalising 48 points. Line-up v Gimnasia was: Andrada; Buffarini, Zambrano (Capaldo), Alonso, Fabra; Salvio (Reynoso), Campuzano, Pol Fernández, Villa; Soldano (Ábila), Tévez.
Notes
References
External links
H
Boca Juniors
Boca Juniors |
6903851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Pescara | List of municipalities of the Province of Pescara | The following is a list of the 46 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Pescara |
17335271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Belarusian%20Premier%20League | 2007 Belarusian Premier League | The 2007 Belarusian Premier League was the 17th season of top-tier football in Belarus. It started on April 14 and ended on November 10, 2007. BATE Borisov were the defending champions.
Team changes from 2006 season
Lokomotiv Minsk and Belshina Bobruisk were the two teams relegated after the 2006 season, having finished in 13th and 14th place respectively. They were replaced by 2005 First League champions Minsk and runners-up Smorgon. Lokomotiv Vitebsk changed their name to Vitebsk.
Overview
BATE Borisov won their 4th champions title and qualified for the next season's Champions League. The championship runners-up Gomel and 2007–08 Cup winners MTZ-RIPO Minsk qualified for UEFA Cup. Due to Premiere League expansion to 16 teams starting with next season, only one team (Minsk, who finished in the last place) relegated to the First League.
Teams and venues
League table
Results
Belarusian clubs in European Cups
Top scorers
See also
2007 Belarusian First League
2006–07 Belarusian Cup
2007–08 Belarusian Cup
References
RSSSF
Belarusian Premier League seasons
1
Belarus
Belarus |
6903852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20Capa | Honda Capa | The Honda Capa, short for "capacity", is a tall wagon produced by Honda between 1998 and 2002 for the Japanese market. It was introduced at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show as the concept car "J-MW." It went on sale on April 24, 1998, with Honda series codes GA4 and GA6. On September 16, 1999 a four-wheel drive version of the Capa was released, using Honda's Full-Time 4wd system. Brake Assist was offered as standard equipment. Due to disappointing sales the Capa nameplate was discontinued in 2002. It was available in Japan through the Honda Primo and Honda Verno dealerships.
General information
The Honda Capa was developed on the Honda Logo platform and is the first generation of the J Mover series. Its concept was based on a 'Small is Smart' way of thinking. Ease of use in everyday life, compactness, lightness and friendliness to the environment were some of the criteria built into the design. The proposal was that the Capa was to be 'joyful' however this translates better as 'fun'. It was one class larger than the kei-sized Honda Life, but smaller than the compact sized, Honda CR-V which based on the Honda Civic platform, and reflected the growing popularity of MPV/SUV/minivan vehicles.
The Honda Capa was designed with the intention of creating a car that was to be the best size for town driving. A car that could seat your family, with ample height for headroom and plenty of legroom considering its compact nature. To achieve this feat, Honda design the chassis based on a 'dual deck package.'
The Honda Capa was equipped with a 1.5-litre, single-overhead-cam, four-valve inline four-cylinder D15B engine. It was initially offered only with Honda's Multimatic continuously variable transmission (CVT), but following an update, a regular four-speed automatic transmission option was introduced as a lower cost option on front-wheel-drive versions.
Engine
Water-cooled, inline four-cylinder Honda D15B engine
Single Overhead Cam 16-valve
Power output of at 6300 rpm
Torque output of at 3500 rpm
Bore x Stroke: 75 mm x 84.5 mm
Compression Ration: 9.4:1
Honda's PGM-FI Fuel Injection System
Fuel: Regular Unleaded
Fuel Tank size:
GA4/6 model updates
1997 - Displayed at the Tokyo Motor Show as the J-MW
1998 - Announced that sales would begin April 24, 1998
1999 - Minor update, including minor remodelling of the bumpers, adding an AWD model to the line-up, 4-speed automatic transmission added to the line-up for the 2WD model only, Honda's Brake Assist system and Tachometer added as standard equipment.
2000 - Minor update. Front grille, bumper and seats were changed. Special Edition added to the line-up.
2001 - Honda Mobilio announced as the successor to the Honda Capa. Honda Capa production and sales continue.
2002 - February: Honda announces the end of production of the Capa due to slumping sales.
Origin of the name
Honda named the Capa based on the English word 'Capacity', referring to ability as well as spaciousness.
Gallery
See also
Honda Logo
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070106105628/http://www.honda.co.jp/auto-lineup/capa/2002/
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Capa
Mini MPVs
Vehicles with CVT transmission
Cars introduced in 1998
2000s cars |
17335283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNC%2063-0532 | NNC 63-0532 | NNC 63-0532 is a nociceptoid drug used in scientific research. It acts as a potent and selective agonist for the nociceptin receptor, also known as the ORL-1 (opiate receptor-like 1) receptor.
The function of this receptor is still poorly understood, but it is thought to have roles in many disorders such as pain, drug addiction, development of tolerance to opioid drugs, and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Research into the function of this receptor is an important focus of current pharmaceutical development, and selective agents such as NNC 63-0532 are essential for this work.
References
Opioids
1-Naphthyl compounds
Piperidines
Methyl esters
Spiro compounds
Imidazolidinones
Nociceptin receptor agonists |
44501953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalinarcha%20hyalina | Hyalinarcha hyalina | Hyalinarcha hyalina is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.
References
Moths described in 1913
Odontiinae |
17335289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20of%20Remembrance%20and%20Reconciliation%20for%20Those%20Who%20Lost%20Their%20Lives%20during%20the%20Second%20World%20War | Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War | The Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War (May 8 and May 9) is an annual international day of remembrance designated by Resolution 59/26 of the United Nations General Assembly on November 22, 2004. The resolution urges 'Member States, organizations of the United Nations system, non-governmental organizations and individuals' to pay tribute to the victims of World War II.
It begins on May 8, the anniversary of the date when the World War II Allies accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.
In Ukraine (since 2015), May 8 is designated as a day of remembrance and reconciliation, but it is not a public holiday.
See also
Victory in Europe Day
Victory over Japan Day
Remembrance of the Dead
References
Aftermath of World War II
Observances honoring victims of war
Second World War
May observances |
17335291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle%20Pennington | Kyle Pennington | Kyle David Pennington (Born in March, 1979) is an American television writer. He is credited with writing episodes of the American television series, Lost. He was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Dramatic Series at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the fourth season of Lost. The writing staff was nominated for the award again at the February 2010 ceremony for their work on the fifth season.
Lost episodes
"Cabin Fever" (Season 4, Episode 11) with Elizabeth Sarnoff
"LaFleur" (Season 5, Episode 8) with Elizabeth Sarnoff
Biography
Kyle grew up in the East Bay region of Northern California near San Francisco in the city of Walnut Creek, CA. He attended Monte Vista High School (Danville, California) from 1993 to 1996 and attended San Pasqual High School (Escondido, California) from 1996 to 1997 before studying film at the University of California, San Diego from 1997 to 2001.
Other works
Writer, Director, Producer and Cinematographer for a 48 Hour Film Festival short, entitled Contract (2005)
References
American television writers
American male television writers
Living people
1979 births |
44501954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalinarcha%20hyalinalis | Hyalinarcha hyalinalis | Hyalinarcha hyalinalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Bhutan and on the Andaman Islands.
References
Moths described in 1896
Odontiinae
Moths of Asia |
44501967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20brunneiflava | Pseudonoorda brunneiflava | Pseudonoorda brunneiflava is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found on New Guinea.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiinae |
44501970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20brunneifusalis | Pseudonoorda brunneifusalis | Pseudonoorda brunneifusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found on New Guinea.
Subspecies
Pseudonoorda brunneifusalis brunneifusalis (Papua New Guinea)
Pseudonoorda brunneifusalis iridescens (Whalley, 1962) (Rennell Island)
References
Moths described in 1917
Odontiinae |
6903860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grier%20Jones | Grier Jones | Grier Jones (born May 6, 1946) is a former college head golf coach and former PGA Tour professional golfer.
Jones was born, raised and has been a lifelong resident of Wichita, Kansas. He attended Wichita's Kapaun Mt. Carmel Catholic High School where he played both football and golf. He won the 1963 and 1964 Kansas State High School golf championships. An All-American at Oklahoma State University, Jones won the Big Eight Championship in 1967 and 1968 before taking the individual medalist honors at the 1968 NCAA Championships. He also won the 1966 Kansas State Amateur Championship held in Topeka, Kansas while a student at Oklahoma State.
Jones spent 14 years on the PGA Tour, beginning in 1969, when he earned PGA Rookie of the Year honors. His career year was 1972 when he won two PGA Tour events and finished fourth on the final money list. He won his third and final PGA Tour event in 1977. Jones ended his career with 54 top-10 finishes in PGA Tour events. His best finish in a major championship was a T-16 at the 1978 PGA Championship.
After his full-time tour playing days ended, Jones took a club teaching job at Willowbend Golf Club in Wichita, while continuing to play part-time on the Nationwide (then called the NIKE Tour) and PGA Tours. Later he became the head pro at Terradyne Country Club in Wichita. In 1995, he was named men's head golf coach at Wichita State University, where he remained until his retirement in 2019. He was named Missouri Valley Conference Coach of the Year in 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2006.
Amateur wins
1966 Kansas State Amateur
1967 Big Eight Championship
1968 Big Eight Championship, NCAA Championship
Professional wins (4)
PGA Tour wins (3)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–0)
Other wins (1)
1968 Oklahoma Open
Results in major championships
Note: Jones never played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
See also
Fall 1968 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
1983 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
Terradyne Country Club official site
American male golfers
Oklahoma State Cowboys golfers
PGA Tour golfers
College golf coaches in the United States
Golfers from Wichita, Kansas
Wichita State University people
1946 births
Living people |
44501973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20distigmalis | Pseudonoorda distigmalis | Pseudonoorda distigmalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai-Occidental, Équateur), Cameroon and Nigeria.
References
Moths described in 1913
Odontiinae |
44501976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20hemileuca | Pseudonoorda hemileuca | Pseudonoorda hemileuca is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1933. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales and Queensland.
The wingspan is about 27 mm. The forewings are white with a fuscous costal line and terminal band. The hindwings are white with a fuscous terminal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January.
References
Moths described in 1933
Odontiinae |
44501978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20lampra | Pseudonoorda lampra | Pseudonoorda lampra is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Tams in 1935. It is found on Samoa.
References
Moths described in 1935
Odontiinae |
44501989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20metalloma | Pseudonoorda metalloma | Pseudonoorda metalloma is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1903. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia.
References
Moths described in 1903
Odontiinae |
44501993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20minor | Pseudonoorda minor | Pseudonoorda minor is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found on New Guinea.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiinae |
44501997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20nigropunctalis | Pseudonoorda nigropunctalis | Pseudonoorda nigropunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1899. It is found in Malaysia.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are yellowish white with a reddish-brown costa. The terminal area is purplish fuscous. The apical area of the hindwings is purple fuscous with a waved black line on the inner edge.
References
Moths described in 1899
Odontiinae |
44502000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20nitidalis | Pseudonoorda nitidalis | Pseudonoorda nitidalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Pagenstecher in 1900. It is found on the Bismarck Archipelago.
References
Moths described in 1900
Odontiinae |
44502001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annen%20%28surname%29 | Annen (surname) | Annen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Blake Annen (born 1991), American football player
Martin Annen (born 1974), Swiss bobsledder
Niels Annen (born 1973), German politician
Roland Annen (1916–2005), Swiss field hockey player
German-language surnames |
6903868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ononis%20rotundifolia | Ononis rotundifolia | Ononis rotundifolia, commonly known as round-leaved restharrow, is a perennial shrub belonging to the genus Ononis of the family Fabaceae.
Description
Ononis rotundifolia reaches on average of height, with a maximum of . The stem and the leaves are slightly hairy and sticky. The leaves are composed of three irregularly toothed and almost rounded leaflets (hence the specific Latin name rotundifolia), the median one with a long petiole. This plant bears clusters of two or three pink flowers streaked with red, about wide. The flowering period extends from June through September. Ononis rotundifolia is also used as an ornamental plant.
Gallery
Distribution
This quite rare north-western Mediterranean shrub occurs in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France and Spain, mainly in the Alps, the Cevennes and the Pyrenees.
Habitat
These plants prefer calcareous soils in dry grasslands, rocky meadows, slopes or hillsides. They can be found at an altitude of .
Subspecies
Ononis rotundifolia var. aristata DC.
Ononis rotundifolia var. orbiculata Rouy in Rouy & Foucaud
References
Pignatti, S. - Flora d'Italia - Edagricole – 1982
Tutin, T. G., et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea
External links
Biolib
FloreAlpes
rotundifolia
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
6903886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20Zest | Honda Zest | The Honda Zest is a kei car released in 2006 by Honda. It is mechanically identical to the fifth generation Honda Life. Equipped with a turbo charged engine, 3 cylinders, and 4 doors, it was the first kei car available with optional side curtain airbags. It was available in two distinct versions — Zest and Zest Sports. During fall/winter 2008, the Zest Sports was replaced with the Zest Spark. Honda enlisted J-Pop mega-star Ayumi Hamasaki to promote the Zest Spark. The Ayu x ZEST SPARK collaboration has come to the extent where the limited edition of the vehicle features Ayu's "A" logo, known as "A Style Package".
External links
Honda announcement of ZEST
Concept Carz info on ZEST
Subcompact cars
Zest
2000s cars
Kei cars
2010s cars |
6903896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federica%20Guzm%C3%A1n | Federica Guzmán | Alexandra Federica Guzmán Diamante, (born May 23, 1981) is a Venezuelan TV Host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Venezuela World 2006.
Guzmán competed as Miss Miranda in Miss Venezuela 2001 (and the preceding Miss World Venezuela 2001) without success. However, the altered schedule of the Miss World 2006 pageant forced the Miss Venezuela Organization to prepare an "emergency pageant" to select a candidate, wherein several former contestants from previous editions of the national contest participated. Guzmán was the undisputed favorite for the national title, causing the usual controversy, She classified to the semifinals, after winning the "Beach Beauty "
Once in the pageant, Federica was fast-tracked into the semi-finals after winning the Beach Beauty preliminary competition. She proceeded to compete for the title of Miss World 2006 on the night of September 30, 2006, in the Americas group but failed to make the final cut. The winner of Miss World Americas 2006 title was Miss Brazil.
External links
Federica @ Bellas Venezolanas
References
1981 births
People from Caracas
Miss Venezuela World winners
Miss World 2006 delegates
Living people
Venezuelan female models |
44502003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticum%20compactum | Triticum compactum | Triticum compactum or club wheat is a species of wheat adapted to low-humidity growing conditions. T. compactum is similar enough to common wheat (T. aestivum) that it is often considered a subspecies, T. aestivum compactum. It can be distinguished by its more compact ear due to shorter rachis segments, giving it its common name. In the United States of America, nearly all T. compactum is grown in dry areas of the Pacific Northwest.
T. compactum is a hexaploid with 21 chromosomes. T. compactum, like other club wheats, has been selectively bred for its lower protein content. Due to the process of selective breeding T. compactum has fewer HMW-glutenin genes than other species of wheat. Flour made from T. compactum is thus better suited for the production of cookies. T. compactum like other bread wheats have never been observed to grow in the wild.
History
Middle East and Europe
The oldest primitive forms of T. compactum appear to have first arisen, along with similar wheats, in neolithic Syria. From Syria T. compactum spread to Europe and was considered to be the oldest wheat species cultivated in Europe until the 1940s when older tetraploid varieties of wheat were identified. T. compactum appears in Europe for the first time during the Neolithic Era reaching as far as Spain by 4600 BC. Evidence of T. compactum in Portugal and France demonstrates that the Romans cultivated T. compactum on the Iberian peninsula during the first and second centuries BCE. Evidence of T. compactum found along with barley in an east Finnish settlement reveals that T. compactum was cultivated in Finland starting between fifth and seventh centuries AD.
North America
T. compactum was believed to have been introduced to North America from Chile by Pacific shipping routes during the 1960s and '70s. However analysis of adobe bricks in San Antonio, San Fernando, Soledad, San José, San Juan Bautista and Sonoma missions revealed that T. compactum was present in California by the year 1787 and was likely introduced by Spaniards through Mexico.T. compactum was farmed extensively during the beginning of California's agricultural history. Data even suggests that T. compactum was farmed more than the related T. aestivum during this time. T. compactum erinaceum, also called California Club Wheat, was a bearded, hairy rachis, red-chaffed subspecies of T. compactum that is thought to have disappeared before 1822. As production of American wheat drastically increased during the early twentieth century T. aestivum rose in popularity surpassing T. compactum. Today most T. compactum is grown alongside T. aestivum because of their similar nature.
Morphology
T. compactum is small free-threshing club wheat with rounded grains. In T. compactum, like other bread and club wheats, there is a keel on the upper section of the otherwise flat glume. T. compactum characteristically has a smaller, crooked crease than other species of wheat and smaller cheek size at the brush end.
Identification
T. compactum is identifiable from T. aestivum mainly by its shorter rachis segments and compact ear for which it is named. The now extinct subspecies of T. compactum, T. compactum erinaceum or California club wheat, can be distinguished from other subspecies by its red chaff and hairier rachides. The below chart indicates the physiological factors that can be used to distinguish between various subspecies and varieties of T. compactum:
Fossilized specimen
Most ancient T. compactum was cultivated between the Neolithic era and the Bronze Age and thus the most common evidence of ancient T. compactum is carbonized. Although carbonized wheat may often resemble its unfossilized counterpart and can often be identified with the same methods described above it is sometimes difficult to distinguish carbonized wheat this way due to a damaged or incomplete specimen. As a general rule, if a naked wheat, wheat with round grains and irregularly broken rachis forming internodes, is uncovered in a European site, excluding all sites on the Italian or Balkan peninsulas, it should be considered a hexaploid club wheat (either T. aestivum or T. compactum ). If such wheat has short internodes it should be identified as T. compactum.
Agronomy
In the northern hemisphere Triticum compactum generally flowers during the months of June and July with its seeds ripening in August and September. Triticum compactum is an annual plant growing to heights of approximately 0.6 meters in the summer and dying in the winter.
References
Wheat |
44502011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Kerslake | Susan Kerslake | Susan Kerslake (born 1943) is a Canadian writer. She was a shortlisted nominee for the Books in Canada First Novel Award in 1976 for Middlewatch, and for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 1984 Governor General's Awards for The Book of Fears.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Kerslake emigrated to Canada in 1966, residing in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Works
Middlewatch (1976, )
Penumbra (1984, )
The Book of Fears (1984, )
Blind Date (1989, )
Seasoning Fever (2002, )
References
1943 births
Living people
Canadian women short story writers
Canadian women novelists
Writers from Chicago
American emigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists |
44502012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20noordimimalis | Pseudonoorda noordimimalis | Pseudonoorda noordimimalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in Ghana.
References
Moths described in 1917
Odontiinae |
44502016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20photina | Pseudonoorda photina | Pseudonoorda photina is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Tams in 1935. It is found on Samoa.
References
Moths described in 1935
Odontiinae |
6903915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvania%20Southview%20High%20School | Sylvania Southview High School | Sylvania Southview High School is a public high school in Sylvania, Ohio. It is one of two high schools in the Sylvania Schools district, the other being Sylvania Northview High School.
Extracurriculars
Speech and Debate
Sylvania Southview has a Speech and Debate Team that competes in the National Forensics League. Each year, students compete in District Tournaments to qualify for the National Speech and Debate Tournament, which is held in a different city each year.
Mock Trial
Sylvania Southview has a Mock Trial program. Their coach, Dennis Lyle, has been coaching for 29 years and has led the school through 8 state championships.
Sylvania Southview has also competed in a world championship at the Empire International Mock Trial Invitational in New York City on October 21, 2013. The team finished as #1 internationally after starting the competition at 35th out of 40 teams. In addition to being state/world champions in the 2013–2014 season, Southview finished 3rd at nationals, out of 46 teams across the country. The Southview Mock Trial Team placed 8th at a global level. They have also competed at Empire Mock Trial, where they finished 7th.
Band and Orchestra
Orchestra members participate in the Ohio Music Education Association Solo and Ensemble and the Northwest Ohio Regional Orchestra and the Ohio All-State Orchestra. Band members participate in Ohio Music Education Association Solo & Ensemble and their large group contests. Band students have the Marching Band, Concert Band, Symphonic, and/or Jazz band to participate in.
Athletics
The athletics program at Southview is known as the Cougars. The Cougars are designated as a Division II (B) school and compete in all sports in the Northern Lakes League, with the exception of the boys' ice hockey team, who compete in the Northwest Hockey Conference.
Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships
Football - 2008
Boys' Cross Country – 1987, 1991, 1992
Girls' Cross Country – 1994
Cougarettes Dance Team - 2009 (Pom Division), Orange Bowl Halftime in Miami, Florida '11, 2011 (Jazz), and 2012 (Pom and Jazz)
Notable alumni
Khary Campbell, former NFL player
Eric Kripke, television writer, director, and producer
Griff Whalen, former NFL player
Charles Latshaw, orchestra conductor, music director of the Grand Junction Symphony Orchestra and the Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra
Nate Hall, Linebacker for the Tennessee Titans
References
External links
Official School Website
District Website
Southview Baseball Website
Southview Volleyball Website
High schools in Lucas County, Ohio
Public high schools in Ohio
1976 establishments in Ohio |
6903922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loretta%20McNeil | Loretta McNeil | Loretta T. McNeil (January 10, 1907 – February 24, 1988) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.
She competed for the United States in the 1928 Summer Olympics held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in the 4 x 100 meters where she won the silver medal with her teammates Mary Washburn, Jessie Cross and Betty Robinson.
References
1907 births
1988 deaths
American female sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
Olympic female sprinters |
17335315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20All-Star%20Game | 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game | The 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 47th midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was played on July 13, 1976, at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, home of the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League. The game resulted in a 7–1 victory for the NL.
This was the third time that the All-Star Game had been played in Philadelphia, though the first to be played in Veteran's Stadium. Both the 1943 and 1952 games were played in Philadelphia's Shibe Park with the then Philadelphia Athletics hosting in 1943 and the Phillies hosting in 1952. The All-Star Game would return to Veterans Stadium in 1996.
The honorary captains were Robin Roberts (for the NL) and Bob Lemon (for the AL).
Starting with this All-Star Game, both "O Canada" and "The Star-Spangled Banner" would be sung as part of the annual pregame ceremonies.
American League roster
The American League roster included 7 future Hall of Fame players, denoted in italics.
Elected starters
Pitchers
Reserve position players
Coaching staff
National League roster
The National League roster included 5 future Hall of Fame players, denoted in italics.
Elected starters
Pitchers
Reserve position players
Coaching staff
Starting lineups
While the starters were elected by the fans, the batting orders and starting pitchers were selected by the managers.
Umpires
Scoring summary
Following the pattern of many of the previous All-Star Games, the NL scored first and early, putting up two runs in the bottom of the first inning. Pete Rose led off with a single, and scored when the next batter, Steve Garvey, tripled. After Joe Morgan flew out, George Foster grounded out, allowing Garvey to score from third base.
The National League added two more runs in the bottom of the third inning, with Catfish Hunter pitching in relief. With one out, Joe Morgan singled. George Foster then hit a home run, scoring Morgan to bring the NL lead to 4–0.
The lone AL run came in the top of the third inning, with Tom Seaver pitching for the NL in relief of Randy Jones. With two outs, Fred Lynn hit a home run to reduce the NL lead to 4–1.
The game's scoring was closed out in the bottom of the eighth, as the NL scored three runs off of AL relief pitcher Frank Tanana. Dave Cash led off with a single, and went to second base when Tony Pérez walked. Bill Russell grounded into a 5–4–3 double play, with Pérez out at second base, Russell out at first base, but Cash advancing to third base. Ken Griffey singled, scoring Cash. César Cedeño then hit a home run, scoring Griffey, and giving the NL a 7–1 lead that would hold up as the final score.
Line score
Game notes and records
Randy Jones was credited with the win. Mark Fidrych was credited with the loss.
Mark Fidrych was only the second rookie to ever start as a pitcher in an All-Star Game (Dave Stenhouse had started the second All-Star Game of 1962).
The five Cincinnati Reds selected by the fans to start the game, and the two reserves selected by manager Sparky Anderson combined for seven hits, four runs scored, and four runs batted in.
As part of the United States Bicentennial observances, the city of Philadelphia – site of the Continental Congress and the signing of the Declaration of Independence – was selected to host the 1976 NBA All-Star Game, the 1976 National Hockey League All-Star Game, and the 1976 NCAA Final Four in addition to the 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.
References
External links
1976 All-Star Game summary @baseball-reference.com
1976 All-Star Game summary @baseball almanac.com
1976 All-Star Game box score @baseball almanac.com
1976 All-Star Game play by play @baseball almanac.com
All-Star Game
1976
1976
1976 Major
Philadel Pennsylvania
1976
July 1976 sports events in the United States |
23575534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/701%20series | 701 series | The is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on local services by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Aoimori Railway, and Iwate Galaxy Railway (IGR) in Japan. The design is derived from the 209 series commuter EMU, and was intended to replace locomotive-hauled trains formed of coaches in the north of Japan.
Variants
701-0 series: 2/3-car narrow-gauge sets based at Akita Depot
701-100 series: 2/3-car narrow-gauge sets based at Akita and Sendai Depot
701-1000 series: 2/4-car narrow-gauge sets based at Morioka and Sendai Depot
701-1500 series: 2-car narrow-gauge sets based at Sendai Depot
701-5000 series: 2-car standard-gauge sets based at Akita Depot
701-5500 series: 2-car standard-gauge sets based at Yamagata Depot
Aoimori 701 series: 2-car narrow-gauge sets operated by the Aoimori Railway
IGR 7000 series: 2-car narrow-gauge sets operated by the Iwate Galaxy Railway
701-0 series
89 701-0 series cars were delivered in 1993, formed as three-car sets (N1 to N13) and two-car sets (N14 to N38), all based at Akita Depot. Three two-car sets (N36 to N38) were later modified with some transverse seating, and from 2005, the entire fleet had the original PS104 scissors-type pantographs replaced with PS109 single-arm pantographs. Snowploughs were also added to the front ends at the same time.
These sets are used on the Uetsu Main Line between and , on the Ōu Main Line between and , and on the Tsugaru Line between and . The sets with transverse seating are mainly used on the Ōu Main Line between Shinjō and Akita.
Formations
3-car sets N1-N13
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
2-car sets N14-N38
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
Interior
701-100 series
Thirteen 701-100 series cars were delivered in 1994, formed as one 3-car set and five 2-car sets. All sets were initially based at Akita Depot, but four of the 2-car sets were subsequently transferred to Sendai. The Akita-based sets had the original PS104 scissors-type pantographs replaced with PS109 single-arm pantographs between 2007 and 2008. Snowploughs were also added to the front ends at the same time. The Sendai-based sets had the original PS104 scissors-type pantographs replaced with lower-profile PS105 lozenge-type pantographs in 2002 to allow operation through limited-clearance tunnels on the Senzan Line.
The Sendai-based sets are normally used on the Joban Line between and , and on the Tohoku Main Line between Iwanuma and Sendai. They are also available for use on Senzan Line services if required. The Akita-based sets are used interchangeably alongside the 701-0 series sets.
Formations
3-car set N101
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
2-car sets N102 and F2-103–106
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
701-1000 series
92 701-1000 series cars were delivered between 1994 and 1995 to Morioka and Sendai depots, formed as 2- and 4-car units. As of 2010, 14 cars (seven 2-car sets), 30 cars (fifteen 2-car sets) are based at Morioka, and 36 cars (four 4-car sets and ten 2-car sets) are based at Sendai. Eight of the original 2-car sets were transferred to the Iwate Galaxy Railway Line, becoming IGR 7000-0 series (see below), and one 2-car set was transferred to the Aoimori Railway, becoming Aoimori 700-0 series (see below). On 28 October 1999, one Aomori-based 2-car set (KuMoHa 701-1033 + KuHa 700-1033) was damaged by storm surge at Aomori Station. New bodies were manufactured for this set in 2000, and it was renumbered KuMoHa 701-1508 + KuHa 700-1508 and reallocated to Sendai depot.
A further seven 701-1000 series two-car sets were transferred to the Aoimori Railway during 2010, becoming Aoimori 700-0 series.
The Sendai-based sets are used on the Tohoku Main Line between and , including the branch line to , and on the Senzan Line. The Morioka-based sets are used on the Tohoku Main Line between and , and on the Iwate Galaxy Railway Line between Morioka and . The Aomori-based sets are used on the Tohoku Main Line between and .
Formations
4-car sets
The KuMoHa 701 and MoHa 701 cars are each fitted with one PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
2-car sets
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
701-1500 series
Eighteen two-car sets (numbered F2-501 to F2-518) were delivered to Sendai depot between 1998 and 2001, including set F2-508, which was rebuilt from an earlier damaged 701-1000 series unit. Sets from F2-509 onward were fitted with wheelchair spaces and ATS-Ps from new. They are used interchangeably with Sendai 701-1000 series sets.
Formation
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
701-5000 series
Ten 2-car sets (numbered N5001 to N5010) were delivered to Akita depot between 1996 and 1997, entering service from 22 March 1997 on the sections of the Tazawako Line between and , and on the Ōu Main Line between Ōmagari and . These sets were based on the earlier 701-1000 series, with some transverse seating, PS106 single-arm pantographs, and ATS-P.
Formation
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
Interior
701-5500 series
Nine two-car sets (numbered Z1 to Z9) were delivered to Yamagata depot in 1999, ahead of the opening of the extension of the Yamagata Shinkansen to in November 1999. During 2001, the original PS105 lozenge-type pantographs were replaced with PS106B single-arm pantographs. Snowploughs were added to the front ends at the same time.
The fleet is used on the Ōu Main Line between and .
The fleet of nine trainsets underwent a programme of refurbishment between 2013 and 2016. Improvements included replacement of electrical converters and transformers with similar equipment to that used on the later E721 series trains, as well as new flooring material internally.
Formation
The KuMoHa 701 car is fitted with one PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The KuHa 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
Aoimori 701 series
The Aoimori Railway 701 series fleet consists of one 701-0 series set, which was originally a JR East 701-1000 series set transferred from Morioka in December 2002, and a newly built 701-100 series set delivered in September 2002. The 701-100 series set has some transverse seating.
A further seven two-car (former 701-1000 series) sets were transferred from JR East during 2010 ahead of the transfer of passenger operations from JR East on the section from Hachinohe to Aomori when the Tohoku Shinkansen extension to Shin-Aomori opened in December 2010. These units are modified with the addition of some transverse seating. The Aoimori Railway fleet was repainted into a new lighter blue livery incorporating the railway's "Mori" mascot logo.
Formation
The Aoimori 701 car is fitted with a PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The Aoimori 700 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
IGR 7000 series
The Iwate Galaxy Railway Line 7000 series fleet consists of four 7000-0 series sets, which were originally JR East 701-1000 series sets transferred from Morioka in December 2002, and three newly built 7000-100 series sets delivered in September 2002. The 7000-100 series sets have some transverse seating.
Formations
IGR 7000-0 series
The IGR 7001 car is fitted with a PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The IGR 7000 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
IGR 7000-100 series
The IGR 7001 car is fitted with a PS105 lozenge-type pantograph. The IGR 7000 car is fitted with a toilet and wheelchair space.
Livery variations
References
External links
JR East 701 series
Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1993
20 kV AC multiple units
Kawasaki multiple units |
44502017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20rubricostalis | Pseudonoorda rubricostalis | Pseudonoorda rubricostalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai-Occidental, Katanga), Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
References
Moths described in 1910
Odontiinae |
23575535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupp%20%28given%20name%29 | Jupp (given name) | Jupp is a German masculine given name, short for Joseph. Notable people with the name include:
Jupp Derwall (1927–2007), German footballer and coach
Jupp Heynckes (born 1945), German football coach
Jupp Kapellmann (born 1949), German footballer
German masculine given names |
44502027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20gavisalis | Trigonoorda gavisalis | Trigonoorda gavisalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1869. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales and Queensland.
References
Moths described in 1869
Odontiinae |
23575546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falus | Falus | The falus was a bronze/copper currency of Morocco.
Minted between 1672–1901, denominations of , , 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 falus are recorded in the Standard Catalogue.
Identification
They are typically denominated by size rather than by inscription, and can be difficult to identify precisely.
Depreciation
From 1862, the falus was allowed to float, while the exchange rate for the silver dirham was fixed: this resulted in currency speculation and depreciation, with effectively two parallel currencies.
References
See also
Fils (currency)
Economic history of Morocco
Currencies of Africa
Numismatics
Coins of Morocco
17th-century establishments in Morocco
20th-century disestablishments in Morocco
Currencies of Morocco |
44502031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20iebelealis | Trigonoorda iebelealis | Trigonoorda iebelealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found on New Guinea.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiinae |
23575568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupp%20%28surname%29 | Jupp (surname) | Jupp is a surname, originating in the English county of Sussex and may refer to:
In music
Eric Jupp (1922–2003), British musician
Mickey Jupp (born 1944), English musician
Richard Jupp (musician) (21st century), British drummer
In sport
Duncan Jupp (born 1975), Scottish footballer
Gabrielle Jupp (born 1997), British gymnast
George Jupp (cricketer, born 1845) (1845–1930), English cricketer
George Jupp (cricketer, born 1875) (1875–1938), English cricketer
Harry Jupp (1841–1889), English cricketer
Vallance Jupp (1891–1960), English cricketer
Other
Alex Jupp (born 1927), Canadian politician
James Jupp (born 1932), British-Australian political scientist
Miles Jupp (born 1979), British actor
Richard Jupp (1728–1799), English architect
Roger Jupp (born 1956), English bishop
Simon Jupp (born 1985), British politician
Surnames
English-language surnames
Surnames of English origin
Surnames of British Isles origin |
44502034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20psarochroa | Trigonoorda psarochroa | Trigonoorda psarochroa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1908. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is about 27 mm. The forewings are whitish, irrorated with grey and with fuscous markings. The hindwings are whitish with grey suffusion towards the termen. Adults have been recorded on wing in March.
References
Moths described in 1908
Odontiinae |
23575574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Shepstone%20railway%20station | Port Shepstone railway station | Port Shepstone railway station is a railway station located in Port Shepstone, South Africa.
The station serves as both the southern terminus of Cape Gauge (3' 6"/1067mm) line from to Durban, as well as the southern coastal terminus of the narrow gauge Alfred County Railway to Harding, KwaZulu-Natal. Opened for operations in 1917, it also served the port facilities of the local docks.
After the standard gauge Transnet passenger services shut in 1986, the ACR continued operations until 2005, when the famous Banana Express ceased operation.
Today, the station purely acts as turning/shunting point for the thrice-weekly Transnet Freight Rail limestone traffic to Saiccor. As a result, the station still houses a diesel shunter. It also acts as the storage point for the unused carriages of the Blue Train, which have been vandalised through a lack of permanent staffing of the site. In May 2014, the KwaZulu-Natal government allocated R200 million for the refurbishment of the Port Shepstone railway.
References
Railway stations in South Africa
Transport in KwaZulu-Natal
Ugu District Municipality |
44502035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20rhodea | Trigonoorda rhodea | Trigonoorda rhodea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1905. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and the Northern Territory.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are reddish carmine, tinged with coppery-metallic scales and with deep reddish-fuscous markings. The termen is suffused with pale fuscous purple. The hindwings are pale yellow, suffused with reddish carmine on the terminal third. Adults have been recorded on wing in October and December.
References
Moths described in 1905
Odontiinae |
44502050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20rhodopa | Trigonoorda rhodopa | Trigonoorda rhodopa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1908. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and the Northern Territory.
The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are pale rosy with fuscous lines. The hindwings are ochreous whitish. Adults have been recorded on wing in November.
References
Moths described in 1908
Odontiinae |
23575585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Ward%20Doubleday | Stephen Ward Doubleday | Stephen Ward Doubleday (January 6, 1845 – September 27, 1926) was an American banker.
Biography
Early life and education
Stephen Ward Doubleday was born January 6, 1845 to Mary Augusta Ward and Colonel Thomas D. Doubleday. He was a nephew of General Abner Doubleday and grandson of Jacksonian Congressman and newspaper publisher Ulysses F. Doubleday. Stephen was named after Stephen Ward, patriot of the Revolutionary War, who attended the provincial congress, was a presidential elector, a Westchester county judge, and was elected to congress.
Doubleday enlisted in the Civil War at 17, was mustered in as a second lieutenant and served with the 4th New York Heavy Artillery.
Career
An investment banker, Doubleday was a senior partner of Miller & Doubleday, where he began working in 1888; later he was a partner of Noble, Mestre & Doubleday. He served as Governor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1898–1899.
He traveled and lived abroad from 1900 to 1912 in Monaco and Berlin and was an avid golfer. He won golf tournaments in Berlin, Germany (1911) and Cannes, France (organized by the Czar's brother Grand Duke Michael)(1901). Doubleday was a member of the Apawamis Golf Club, the New York Stock Exchange, and the Union League Club of New York.
Marriage and children
Doubleday married Angelica Barraclough Cushman, daughter of Don Alonzo Cushman, in 1875. The couple had three children and the family lived in Manhattan and Rye, New York. He was widowed by Angelica's death on March 6, 1915. His daughter Angelica Cushman Doubleday Tropp and her husband Simeon became the principal financial backers of Wilhelm Reich during his years in America.
Death and funeral
Stephen Ward Doubleday died following a stroke on September 27, 1926. His funeral was held September 29, 1926 at the Church of the Transfiguration.
References
1845 births
1926 deaths
People from Staten Island
American bankers
Union Army officers
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War |
44502052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20triangularis | Trigonoorda triangularis | Trigonoorda triangularis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found on New Guinea.
The wingspan is 21–24 mm. The forewings are light, weakly pinkish buff with fine fulvous-buff dusting. The costa and termen are dark reddish brown. The hindwings are translucent pale yellowish buff.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiinae |
44502055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonoorda%20trygoda | Trigonoorda trygoda | Trigonoorda trygoda is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1897. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia.
The forewings are orange with dark submarginal lines. The hindwings are yellow with dark areas beside and along the margins. Adults have been recorded on wing in August.
References
Moths described in 1897
Odontiinae |
23575590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornja%20Pi%C5%A1tana | Gornja Pištana | Gornja Pištana is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23575620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittington%20Low%20Level%20railway%20station | Whittington Low Level railway station | Whittington Low Level railway station is a disused station and was one of two former railway stations in the village of Whittington, Shropshire, England.
History
Whittington Low Level was a minor station on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester Line. An automatic level crossing lies just to the north of the old station site.
In 1924 Whittington gained its "Low Level" suffix in order to distinguish it from Whittington High Level on the Oswestry to Whitchurch line of the Cambrian Railways.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Whittington Low Level, only local services, though some travelled long distances and most gave good connections to places such as , and .
In 1922 passenger services calling at Whittington Low Level were at their most intensive:
On Sundays two Down (northbound) trains called:
both called at most stations to , with good onward connections to several northern cities.
they were balanced by two Up (southbound) services calling at many stations to , taking nearly three hours.
On Mondays to Saturdays five Down trains called:
three stopping trains to , and
two stopping trains which continued beyond Wrexham to Chester.
there were only four Up workings, three to Shrewsbury and one going through to Birmingham Snow Hill.
Local goods traffic remained significant until the expansion in road haulage from the 1950s. According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, H & C and there was a one-ton crane.
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
External links
Whittington (Shropshire) stations on old O.S. map: via old-maps
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
44502065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viettessa%20margaritalis | Viettessa margaritalis | Viettessa margaritalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1899. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasai-Occidental, Katanga), Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Tanzania.
References
Moths described in 1899
Eurrhypini |
17335316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenvale%20Farm | Greenvale Farm | Greenvale Farm is an historic farm and 19th-century summer estate at 582 Wapping Road in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Historically used for farmland, a portion of this was transformed into an expansive country estate in the 1860s by John Barstow, a Boston merchant. It is located at the end of a narrow dirt lane, and is set overlooking the Sakonnet River. The main house, designed by John Hubbard Sturgis and built in 1864–65, is an exuberant implementation of the Stick style with Gothic features. It has asymmetric form, with a variety of projections, dormers, gables, and cross-gables, with a variety of exterior finishes. The estate continues to be owned by Barstow descendants.
The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Portsmouth, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
23575622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednal%20and%20West%20Felton%20railway%20station | Rednal and West Felton railway station | Rednal & West Felton railway station was a minor station on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. The distinctive red brick station building (now a private house) can still be seen on the west side of the line.
History
Express trains did not call at Rednal & West Felton, only local services.
On 7 June 1865 it was the site of a rail crash which killed 13 and injured 30. The driver of a heavy excursion train from Birkenhead to Shrewsbury failed to see a warning flag for track maintenance approaching the station and derailed.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C and there was a three-ton crane.
References
Neighbouring stations
Further reading
External links
Rednal & West Felton station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
44502070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschremon%20desertalis | Aeschremon desertalis | Aeschremon desertalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jan Asselbergs in 2008 and is found in the United Arab Emirates.
References
Moths described in 2008
Odontiini
Moths of Asia |
44502073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschremon%20kabylalis | Aeschremon kabylalis | Aeschremon kabylalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rebel in 1902. It is found in Algeria.
References
Moths described in 1902
Odontiini
Moths of Africa |
44502083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschremon%20ochrealis | Aeschremon ochrealis | Aeschremon ochrealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jan Asselbergs in 2008 and is found in the United Arab Emirates.
References
Moths described in 2008
Odontiini
Moths of Asia |
17335323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Fiscus | Ross Fiscus | William Ross Fiscus (April 2, 1870 – November 6, 1950) was an early professional American football player and coach. He was one of the first pro players on record.
Playing career
Fiscus played for the Allegheny Athletic Association professional football team as a lineman in 1891 and 1892, but by 1893 he had successfully earned the role as halfback. Fiscus continued to play several more years for Allegheny, even dropping out of college to do so. This would have put him alongside the first recorded professional football player Pudge Heffelfinger, who also played for Allegheny. In 1896, he played alongside his brother, Lawson, for the Greensburg Athletic Association.
Coaching career
Fiscus was the second head football coach at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, and he held that position for three seasons, from 1897 until 1899. His coaching record at Geneva was 6–9–2.
Later life
Fiscus died November 6, 1950, at his home in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Head coaching record
References
External links
1870 births
1950 deaths
19th-century players of American football
American football guards
American football halfbacks
American football tackles
Allegheny Athletic Association players
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football coaches
Greensburg Athletic Association players
Indiana University of Pennsylvania alumni
Washington & Jefferson Presidents football players
People from Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Coaches of American football from Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania |
23575625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschurch%20railway%20station | Baschurch railway station | Baschurch railway station was a minor station located about ten miles north of Shrewsbury on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. The station building (now a private house) can be seen on the west side of the line adjacent Baschurch level crossing; it was designed by Thomas Mainwaring Penson.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Baschurch, only local services.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C and there was a three-ton crane.
Although the station was closed the line has continued in use for through trains.
Accidents and incidents
On 13 February 1961, an express passenger train was in collision with a freight train that was being shunted at the station. The accident was due to a signalman's error. Three people were killed and two were injured.
Campaign for reopening
In September 2009, a local group was formed to campaign for the station to be reopened. An initial public meeting was attended by 250 people, and Arriva Trains Wales the franchise operator for the line agreed to re-examine the feasibility of trains stopping at Baschurch.
As of October 2011 the campaign continued, with the commissioning of new research into the feasibility of the reopening proposal. Funding for the study was declined by Shropshire Council, but now campaigners are to fund it themselves.
See also
Listed buildings in Baschurch
References
Further reading
External links
Baschurch station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Baschurch Station Group
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Former Great Western Railway stations
Thomas Mainwaring Penson railway stations |
17335325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister%20%28Portuguese%20band%29 | Blister (Portuguese band) | Blister is a Rock band from Portugal. They were in first position for two weeks on a national Portuguese radio station, RDP Antena 3.
EP's
2002 Not For Sale
LP's
2004 Without truth you are the loser
2007 Bigger than Us
Portuguese musical groups |
44502086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschremon%20similis | Aeschremon similis | Aeschremon similis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jan Asselbergs in 2008 and is found in the United Arab Emirates.
References
Moths described in 2008
Odontiini
Moths of Asia |
23575630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaton%20railway%20station | Leaton railway station | Leaton railway station was a minor station located about six miles north of Shrewsbury on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. It was at the top of the long climb up Hencote bank out of Shrewsbury. The station opened on 12 October 1848 and closed on 12 September 1960. The station building (now a private house) can still be seen on the north side of the adjacent Leaton level crossing on the east side of the line. A small industrial estate now exists at the former railway sidings.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Leaton, only local services. It closed to passenger traffic in 1960.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P & L, and there was no crane.
References
Neighbouring stations
Further reading
External links
Leaton station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
44502094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschremon%20tenalis | Aeschremon tenalis | Aeschremon tenalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1961. It is found in Iran.
References
Moths described in 1961
Odontiini
Moths of Asia |
44502119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataonia%20mauritanica | Cataonia mauritanica | Cataonia mauritanica is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1953. It is found in Mauritania.
References
Moths described in 1953
Odontiini
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel |
23575631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Weber%20%28disambiguation%29 | Joseph Weber (disambiguation) | Joseph Weber (1919–2000) was an American physicist.
Josef, Jozef, Joseph or Joe Weber may also refer to:
Joe Weber (baseball) (1862–1921), Canadian outfielder
Joe Weber (vaudevillian) (1867–1942), American comedian
Josef Weber (1898–1970), German footballer
Josef Weber (1908–1985), German peace activist, recipient of 1983–84 Lenin Peace Prize
Gerald Joseph Weber (1914–1989), American judge
Joseph 'Jup' Weber (born 1950), Luxembourgian Green and Liberal politician
Jozef Weber (born 1970), Czech footballer
Characters
Josef Weber, key persona in 2013's The Storyteller (Picoult novel)
See also
Joe Webber (born 1993), New Zealand rugby player |
44502127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopteryx%20diffusa | Cymbopteryx diffusa | Cymbopteryx diffusa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found in Chiapas, Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiini |
23575653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadows%20of%20the%20Past%20%281991%20film%29 | Shadows of the Past (1991 film) | Shadows of the Past is a 1991 Canadian suspense thriller TV film directed by Gabriel Pelletier and starring Nicholas Campbell and Erika Anderson.
Plot
After a mysterious car accident, photo journalist Jackie Delaney (Erika Anderson) wakes up in the hospital
with amnesia. Haunted by flashbacks of the accident, she checks out of the hospital determined to unravel the mystery
behind her recent past. Who was in the car with her, and who is following her now? After an attempt on her life, Jackie is assigned police protection and detective Sean MacFern (Nicholas Campbell) enters her life. Together, they will solve a mystery that goes beyond a mere accident and that enters the shady world of
internationals arms smuggling.
External links
1991 television films
1991 films
English-language Canadian films
1991 thriller films
Canadian thriller films
Films directed by Gabriel Pelletier
Canadian thriller television films
1990s Canadian films |
44502132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopteryx%20extralinea | Cymbopteryx extralinea | Cymbopteryx extralinea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Puebla, Mexico.
Its wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are blackish-grey and the veins are finely lined and whitish. The outer line is also whitish. The hindwings are fuscous. Adults have been recorded on wing in September.
References
Moths described in 1914
Odontiini |
17335331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geno%20DeMarco | Geno DeMarco | Geno DeMarco is an American football coach and former player. He is the current head football coach at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, a position he has held since 1993.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Geneva profile
Geneva College faculty profile
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American football linebackers
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football coaches
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football players
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football coaches
West Virginia Mountaineers football coaches
West Virginia University alumni |
23575663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Bethune%20%28bishop%29 | Alexander Bethune (bishop) | Alexander Neil Bethune (August 28, 1800 – February 3, 1879) was a Church of England clergyman and bishop.
Early and Family Life
The son of the Reverend John Bethune of Williamstown, Ontario, the founding Church of Scotland minister for Upper Canada, Alexander Neil Bethune married Jane Eliza Crooks (1809–1861), the daughter of the Hon. James Crooks (1778–1860) and Jane Cummings (1791–1861). Alexander and Eliza had ten children. They included Robert Henry Bethune, a noted banker with the Dominion Bank. He brother John, also a clergyman, was acting principal of McGill University from 1835 to 1846. Other notable brothers included businessman James Gray, fur trader Angus and politician Donald. The family was part of the Family Compact, the political clique which ran Upper Canada for decades.
Career
Alexander Neil Bethune was ordained in 1824 and took charge of the parish at Grimsby, Ontario. In 1867, after a long and successful career, he was consecrated as bishop of the Diocese of Toronto by the Reverend John Strachan.
Rt. Rev. Bethune inherited a diocese quite fragmented from methods and policies attributed to Strachan and/or the Family Compact. These circumstances made his episcopate appear less successful. He was a humble man and some saw this as a weakness causing his message to be lost his generation.
Death and legacy
Bethune died in Toronto in 1879, shortly before the North-West Rebellion, and was succeeded as bishop by Arthur Sweatman. One of his sons, Alexander Bethune, continued the clergy family tradition, serving at Trinity Church.
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Alexander Neil Bethune
Anglican bishops of Toronto
1800 births
1879 deaths
People from Grimsby, Ontario |
44502134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopteryx%20fuscimarginalis | Cymbopteryx fuscimarginalis | Cymbopteryx fuscimarginalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1961. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona.
References
Moths described in 1961
Odontiini |
17335337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issoire%20Sil%C3%A8ne | Issoire Silène | The Issoire Silène was a sailplane produced in France in the 1970s and early 1980s, intended primarily as a trainer. It was a conventional design of fibreglass construction in versions with fixed or retractable monowheel undercarriage. The aircraft featured side-by-side seating for two, with the seats slightly staggered in order to minimise fuselage width. French certification was obtained on 3 February 1978, and production began shortly thereafter at the rate of two aircraft per month.
The original CE 75 design was refined as the E 78, which featured a redesigned and roomier cockpit, and was again available in fixed and retractable undercarriage versions. A further development, the I 79, was in development in 1979, and featured tanks for water ballast as well as hydraulically operated flaps, undercarriage, and airbrakes.
Specifications (CE 75 Silène)
References
Further reading
1970s French sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1974 |
23575675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Jaffa, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem.
History and architecture
The sabil was built by the Governor of Jaffa, Muhammad Abu Nabbut in about 1815. It was intended to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem, and was part of Abu Nabbut's rehabilitation efforts in the city. It was seen by numerous travelers, merchants and pilgrims on their journey between the two cities.
Despite the fame of the sabil, very little is known about its origin and design. During inquiries in Jaffa in the 1870s, Clermont-Ganneau encountered a master mason named Ali Sida of whom he wrote: "This man, now of advanced age, directed all the works that were set on foot at the beginning of the century by the legendary Abu Nabbut, Governor of Jaffa, the same that gave his name to the pretty fountain, or Sebil Abu Nabbut..."
The building is a small rectangular stone structure with three domes with a sabil (fountain) in the middle. At each corner of the building is a cylindrical pier with projecting domed finials (now missing). The principal building material is kurkar stone, with some reused limestone blocks incorporated into the masonry, and marble used for decoration.
The principal façade of the sabil is its western side, with the fountain contained within a large shallow niche framed with cyma reversa moulding. The fountain is surrounded by four white flat marble columns set against a background of red marble. Above the two central columns is a plaque commemorating the construction of the sabil in 1236 H (1815-1816 CE). On either side of the sabil are windows. These windows were blocked up in about 1960. There are three-ridged domes that crown the building, as well as the multitude of finials on the domes and the small pinnacles that refine the building's silhouette.
The entrances are at the north and south sides of the building. Although now blocked, each entrance had an open iwan facing outwards. The arches are decorated with a band containing diamond-shaped lozenges.
The east side has a pair of windows , now blocked. In the centre of the east side is a doorway opening into the domed room at the back of the sabil. The interior of this room is undecorated, and is now used as a park keeper's hut.
"Tomb of Tabitha/Dorcas"
The fountain was pointed out to Western travellers as the "Tomb of Dorcas" (aka Tabitha, a New Testament figure), or more precisely as a Muslim fountain built at the burial place of Tabitha/Dorcas, as shown for instance by the caption of a photo taken around 1900 (see photo).
Sculpture garden
In 2000 a sculpture garden by the Israeli painter and sculptor Yigal Tumarkin was established next to the sabil.
References
Bibliography
Cited in Petersen, (2001).
Kana`an, Ruba (2001), Waqf, Architecture, and Political Self-Fashioning: The Construction of the Great Mosque of Jaffa by Muhammad Aga Abu Nabbut. In Muqarnas XVIII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Gülru Necipoglu (ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. (.htlm link)
(Cited in Petersen, (2001))
Further reading
Kana`an, Ruba (2001), "Two Ottoman Sabils in Jaffa (c.1810-1815): An Architectural and Epigraphic Analyses", in Levant 33: 187-202
External links
Sabil Abu Nabbut, archnet.org
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Infrastructure completed in 1815
Ottoman architecture in Israel
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Fountains in Israel |
23575721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa%20Cellensis%20in%20honorem%20Beatissimae%20Virginis%20Mariae | Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae | The Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae in C major by Joseph Haydn, Hob. XXII:5, Novello 3, was originally written in 1766, after Haydn was promoted to Kapellmeister at Eszterháza following the death of Gregor Joseph Werner. The original title as it appears on the only surviving fragment of Haydn's autograph score, that has been discovered around 1970 in Budapest, clearly assigns the mass to the pilgrimage cult of Mariazell, Styria. Until that discovery, the work was known as Missa Sanctae Caeciliae, or in German Cäcilienmesse, a title probably attributed to the mass in the 19th century. Whether the alternative title refers to a performance of the piece by the St. Cecilia's Congregation, a Viennese musician's fraternity, on some St. Cecilia's day (22 November), as has been suggested, remains speculation.
It is believed that the original manuscript was lost in the Eisenstadt fire of 1768, and that when Haydn rewrote the piece from memory, he may also have expanded it. It may have originally consisted of only Kyrie and Gloria, with the other parts added later. This Mass was known to Anton Bruckner.
The mass is scored for vocal soloists, SATB choir, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets in C, timpani, strings and organ, the latter supplying figured bass for most of the duration.
The setting is divided into six movements.
Kyrie Adagio (ossia Largo), C major, common time
"Kyrie eleison" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
"Christe eleison" Allegretto, A minor, 3/4
"Kyrie eleison" Vivace, C major, common time
Gloria Allegro di molto, C major, 3/4
"Laudamus te, benedicimus te" Moderato, G major, common time
"Gratias agimus" Alla breve, E minor, cut time
"Domine Deus, Rex coelestis" Allegro, C major, 3/8
"Qui tollis peccata mundi" Adagio, C minor, common time
"Quoniam tu solus sanctus" Allegro di molto, C major, common time
"Cum Sancto spiritu" Largo, C major, common time
"In gloria Dei Patris" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
Credo Vivace, C major, common time
"Et incarnatus est" Largo, C minor, common time
"Et resurrexit" Allegro, C major, 3/4
Sanctus Adagio, C major, common time
Benedictus Andante, C minor, cut time
"Osanna" Allegro, C major, common time
Agnus Dei Largo, A minor, common time
"Dona nobis pacem" Presto, C major, 3/4
While Jonathan Green finds the choral parts to be of medium difficulty, he finds the orchestral parts quite difficult, and recommends seasoned, "technically secure" players.
Notes
References
Dack, James (1982). "The Dating of Haydn's Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae: An Interim Discussion", Haydn Yearbook 13
Green, Jonathan D. (2002). A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Classical Period: Volume 1: Haydn and Mozart, Scarecrow Press, New York
Hugues, Rosemary (1974). Haydn, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London.
Larsen, Jens Peter and Feder, Georg (1997). The New Grove Haydn, W. W. Norton & Co., New York
Schenbeck, Lawrence (1996). Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition, Hinshaw Music, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Sisman, Elaine Rochelle (1997). Haydn and His World, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Strimple, Nick (2008). Choral music in the nineteenth century, Hal Leonard, New York
External links
Masses by Joseph Haydn
1766 compositions
Compositions in C major |
17335344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20R.%20Cummins%20Farmhouse | John R. Cummins Farmhouse | The John R. Cummins House is a historic house in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States, a suburb southwest of Minneapolis. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Cummins and his wife, Martha "Mattie" Cummins, established a farmstead on the property in 1856. They built the house in 1879-1880 and lived there until 1908. Cummins was a horticulturist who helped to establish the Minnesota Horticultural Society. During his horticultural experiments, Cummins corresponded with other horticulturalists in the area, including Peter Gideon, Jonathan Taylor Grimes, Henry Lyman, William Macintosh, E.R. Pond, and others. Cummins primarily grew wheat as a farm crop.
In 1908, Edwin and Harriet Sprague Phipps bought the farm and lived there until 1934. The Phipps family raised grain, vegetables, and flowers, and Edwin earned the title "Asparagus King of Hennepin County" for the vegetables he sold at a stand on nearby U.S. Route 212 (Flying Cloud Drive). Harriet Phipps planted a large bed of peonies in about 1920. The peony bed exists to this day. Her daughter, Mildred Grill, remarked, "The peony bed has been there for over 60 years. Mother put in 500 plants. There wasn't another bed like it in the county. She sold flowers in season." Their son-in-law and daughter, Martin and Mildred Grill, owned the house from 1934 through 1976. Martin, nicknamed "Pappy", built an airplane landing strip on the property in 1937. In 1941, the United States Navy arranged to use the landing strip for student pilots from Wold-Chamberlain Airport (now Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport) to make practice approaches. After World War II was over, Grill sold the landing strip and some additional land to American Aviation, Inc. The field is now known as Flying Cloud Airport.
The Grill family sold the house and surrounding farmland to the city of Eden Prairie in 1976 for parkland. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The house itself has elements of the Greek Revival style, in the wide trim on the gable end, and elements of the Italianate style with the use of brick and the segmental arches over the windows. It has a gable front with a wing on the west side, along with an L-shaped front porch. The main floor contains a parlor, a bedroom, a bathroom, the living room, and the kitchen. The second floor contains four bedrooms. In addition to the main house, there are four wooden outbuildings and a milk house on the property.
In 2010 the farmstead was transferred to the Eden Prairie Historical Society and is available as a rental event facility.
References
External links
Cummins–Phipps–Grill House
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
Greek Revival houses in Minnesota
Houses completed in 1880
Houses in Hennepin County, Minnesota
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Italianate architecture in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Hennepin County, Minnesota
1880 establishments in Minnesota |
20471890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–. Beginning in 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) expanded their terminology, stating that "PFASs are defined as fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), i.e. with a few noted exceptions, any chemical with at least a perfluorinated methyl group (–CF3) or a perfluorinated methylene group (–CF2–) is a PFAS."
According to the OECD, at least 4,730 distinct PFASs are known, which contain at least three perfluorinated carbon atoms. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) toxicity database, DSSTox, lists 14,735 unique PFAS chemical compounds. PubChem lists approximately 6 million. The fluorosurfactants or fluorinated surfactants subgroup, has a fluorinated "tail" and a hydrophilic "head" and are thus considered surfactants. These are more effective at reducing the surface tension of water than comparable hydrocarbon surfactants. They include the perfluorosulfonic acids, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and the perfluorocarboxylic acids like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
Many PFASs were used in the mid-20th century in products and on materials due to their enhanced water-resistant properties, such as within Teflon or aqueous film forming foam. Only since the start of the 21st century has the environmental impact and toxicity to human and mammalian life been studied in depth. PFOS, PFOA and other PFASs are commonly described as persistent organic pollutants because they remain in the environment for long periods of time, and are also known as "forever chemicals". Residues have been detected in humans and wildlife, prompting concern about impacts to health. According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, PFAS exposure is linked to increased risk of dyslipidemia (abnormally high cholesterol), suboptimal antibody response, reduced infant and fetal growth, and higher rates of kidney cancer.
Health concerns related to PFASs have resulted in numerous litigations (see Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). In 2021, Maine became the first U.S. state to ban these compounds in all products by 2030, except for instances deemed "currently unavoidable".
Fluorosurfactants
Fluorosurfactants are surfactants containing fluorocarbon chains such as those in PFASs. They can reduce the surface tension of water below what is attainable by using hydrocarbon surfactants. This ability is due to the hydrophobic nature of fluorocarbons, so fluorosurfactants tend to concentrate at the liquid-air interface. Fluorocarbons are lipophobic, as well as hydrophobic, allowing them to repel both oil and water. This lipophobicity results from the lack of attractive London dispersion forces in fluorocarbons compared to hydrocarbons, a consequence of fluorine's large electronegativity and small bond length, which reduce the polarizability of the surfactants' fluorinated molecular surface. Fluorosurfactants are more stable and fit for harsher conditions than hydrocarbon surfactants because of the stability of the carbon–fluorine bond. Perfluorinated surfactants persist in the environment for this same reason.
Economic role
PFASs play a key economic role for companies such as DuPont, 3M, and W. L. Gore & Associates because they are used in emulsion polymerization to produce fluoropolymers. They have two main markets: a $1 billion annual market for use in stain repellents, and a $100 million annual market for use in polishes, paints, and coatings.
Health and environmental concerns
Human health concerns associated with PFASs
On their introduction in the 1940s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were considered inert. In fact, early occupational studies revealed elevated levels of fluorochemicals, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8), in the blood of exposed industrial workers, but cited no ill health effects. These results were consistent with the measured serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in 3M plant workers ranging from 0.04 to 10.06 ppm and 0.01 to 12.70 ppm respectively, well below toxic and carcinogenic levels cited in animal studies. Given, however, the "forever chemical" property of PFASs (serum elimination half-life 4–5 years) and widespread environmental contamination, molecules have been shown to accumulate in humans to such a degree that adverse health outcomes have resulted.
Hormone-disrupting chemicals, including PFASs, are linked with rapid declines in human fertility. In a meta-analysis for associations between PFASs and human clinical biomarkers for liver injury, authors considered both PFAS effects on liver biomarkers and histological data from rodent experimental studies and concluded that evidence exists showing that PFOA, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) are hepatotoxic to humans.
Many comprehensive epidemiological studies linking adverse human health effects to PFASs, particularly PFOA, come from the C8 Science Panel. This panel was formed as part of a contingency to a class action lawsuit brought by communities in the Ohio River Valley against DuPont in response to landfill and wastewater dumping of PFAS-laden material from DuPont's West Virginia Washington Works Plant. The panel measured PFOA (also known as C8) serum concentrations in 69,000 individuals from around DuPont's Washington Works Plant and found a mean concentration of 83.0 ng/mL, compared to 4 ng/mL in a standard population of Americans. This panel reported probable links between elevated PFOA blood concentration and hypercholesterolemia, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, testicular cancer, kidney cancer as well as pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia.
Prevalence in rainwater
In 2022 it was found that levels of at least four perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in rainwater worldwide ubiquitously, and often greatly, exceeded the EPA's lifetime drinking water health advisories as well as comparable Danish, Dutch, and European Union safety standards, leading researchers to conclude that "the global spread of these four PFAAs in the atmosphere has led to the planetary boundary for chemical pollution being exceeded". There are some moves to restrict and replace their use.
Estimated contemporary costs
In a report by the Nordic Council of Ministers the total annual health-related costs associated with human exposure to PFASs were estimated to be at least €52-€84 billion in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries. For the United States, estimated PFAS-attributable disease costs amount to 6–62 billion US$. Aggregated annual costs covering environmental screening, monitoring where contamination is found, water treatment, soil remediation and health assessment total €821 million-€170 billion in the EEA plus Switzerland.
Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes
Hypercholesterolemia
Animal studies in the 1990s and early 2000s primarily aimed to investigate the effect of two widely used long-chain PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8) and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS, C8), on peroxisome proliferation in rat livers. These studies determined that PFOA and PFOS acted as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, increasing lipid metabolism. A paradoxical response is observed in humans where elevated PFOS levels were significantly associated with elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, highlighting significantly reduced PPAR expression and alluding to PPAR independent pathways predominating over lipid metabolism in humans compared to rodents.
Ulcerative colitis
PFOA and PFOS have been shown to significantly alter immune and inflammatory responses in human and animal species. In particular, IgA, IgE (in females only) and C-reactive protein have been shown to decrease whereas antinuclear antibodies increase as PFOA serum concentrations increase. These cytokine variations allude to immune response aberrations resulting in autoimmunity. One proposed mechanism is a shift towards anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and/or (TH2) response in intestinal epithelial tissue which allows sulfate-reducing bacteria to flourish. Elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide result which reduce beta-oxidation and thus nutrient production leading to a breakdown of the colonic epithelial barrier.
Thyroid disease
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with PFAS exposure. PFASs have been shown to decrease thyroid peroxidase, resulting in decreased production and activation of thyroid hormones in vivo. Other proposed mechanisms include alterations in thyroid hormone signaling, metabolism and excretion as well as function of nuclear hormone receptor.
Cancer
Rat studies investigating the carcinogenicity of PFASs reported significant correlation with liver adenomas, Leydig cell tumors of the testis and pancreatic acinar cell tumors and dietary PFOA consumption. The C8 Science Panel investigated the potential relationship between PFAS exposure and these three cancer types as well as 18 other cancer types in their epidemiological studies. Contrary to the animal studies, the C8 studies did not find a probable link between elevated C8 exposure and liver adenomas or pancreatic acinar cell tumors; however, a probable link was found with regards to testis and kidney cancer. Two mechanisms have been proposed by which PFOA could cause Leydig cell tumors. Both mechanisms start by proposing that PROA exposure results in increased PPAR alpha activation in the liver which increases hepatic aromatase concentration and subsequent serum estrogen levels. The mechanisms now diverge, with one pathway suggesting elevated estradiol levels increase Tissue Growth Factor alpha (TGF alpha) which prompts Leydig cell proliferation. The other pathway suggests that aromatization of testosterone to estradiol reduces serum testosterone levels resulting in increased release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland which directly results in Leydig Cell tumorgenesis. A mechanism has not yet been proposed to explain how kidney cancer could be caused by C8 exposure as no in vivo animal studies have been able to model this epidemiological outcome.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is diagnosed when maternal systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90mmHg after 20 weeks gestation. Diagnostic criteria are the same for pre-eclampsia as pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, it also confers proteinuria. Mechanisms by which pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia could be caused by PFAS exposure have remained elusive and are largely speculative to date. One proposed mechanism highlights alterations in immune function leading to disruption of placentation, specifically as it pertains to natural killer (NK) cell infiltration of the placenta to facilitate trophoblastic integration with placental blood supply. Another mechanism refers to agonism of PPARs contributing to alterations in cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid levels which may lead to vascular inflammation and elevated blood pressure.
Other adverse health outcomes that have been attributed to elevated PFAS exposure but were not found to be probable links in the C8 studies are decreased antibody response to vaccines, asthma, decreased mammary gland development, low birth weight (-0.7oz per 1 ng/mL increase in blood PFOA or PFOS level), decreased bone mineral density and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Forever chemicals
Fluorosurfactants such as PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA have caught the attention of regulatory agencies because of their persistence, toxicity, and widespread occurrence in the blood of general populations and wildlife. In 2009, PFOS, its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride were listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention, due to their ubiquitous, persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic nature. PFAS chemicals were dubbed the "Forever Chemicals" following a 2018 op-ed in the Washington Post. The nickname was derived by combining the two dominant attributes of this class of chemicals: 1) PFAS chemicals are characterized by a carbon-fluorine (C-F) backbone (the "F-C" in "Forever Chemicals"); and 2) the carbon fluorine bond is one of the strongest bonds in organic chemistry, which gives these chemicals an extremely long environmental half-life (the "Forever" in "Forever Chemicals"). The Forever Chemicals name is now commonly used in media outlets in addition to the more technical name of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, or PFASs. Their production has been regulated or phased out by manufacturers, such as 3M, DuPont, Daikin, and Miteni in the US, Japan, and Europe. In 2006 3M replaced PFOS and PFOA with short-chain PFASs, such as perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). Shorter fluorosurfactants may be less prone to accumulating in mammals; there is still concern that they may be harmful to both humans, and the environment. A majority of PFASs are either not covered by European legislation or are excluded from registration obligations under the EU REACH chemical regulation. Several PFASs have been detected in drinking water, municipal wastewater and landfill leachates, worldwide.
It had been thought that perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) would eventually end up in the oceans, where they would be diluted over decades, but a field study published in 2021 by researchers at Stockholm University found that they are significantly transferred from water to air when waves break on land, and are a significant source of air pollution, and eventually get into the rain. The researchers concluded that pollution "may impact large areas of inland Europe and other continents, in addition to coastal areas".
Bioaccumulation and biomagnification
Bioaccumulation is the process by which PFASs are transferred into the tissue of any exposed organisms where PFASs accumulate over time since organisms lack natural excretion mechanisms. PFASs can accumulate in marine species by a variety of pathways. They can be absorbed from the environment, such as contaminated sediments or PFASs dissolved in water. PFASs can partition into the organs and tissues of marine organisms from these environmental compartments. They have been shown to bind to blood proteins and accumulate in the livers of marine animals. Another pathway for bioaccumulation is predation. As larger marine animals feed on smaller organisms that have been exposed to PFASs, the larger animals absorb the PFASs contained in their prey.
Biomagnification is the process by which the amount of PFAS contamination increases with increasing trophic level, due to predation by the species higher in the food web. Top predators have higher levels of PFASs than species lower down the food chain. Seabirds that feed on fish have among the highest levels of PFAS contamination. Perfluorosulfonic acids, which have a sulfonic acid functional group attached to the fluorinated "tail", have a greater tendency to bioaccumulate than perfluorocarboxylic acids, which contain a carboxylic acid function group. Longer chain PFAS compounds, which have 6, 7, or more fluorinated carbons, bioaccumulate in greater quantities than shorter chain PFAS compounds. The concentration of PFOS, a long chain sulfonic acid, was found at the highest concentrations relative to other PFASs measured in fish and birds in Northern seas such as the Barents Sea and the Canadian Arctic.
Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFASs in marine species throughout the food web, particularly frequently consumed fish and shellfish, can have important impacts on human populations. PFASs have been frequently documented in both fish and shellfish that are commonly consumed by human populations. This poses health risks to humans and studies on the bioaccumulation in certain species are important to determine daily tolerable limits for human consumption, and where those limits may be exceeded causing potential health risks. This has particular implications for populations that consume larger numbers of wild fish and shellfish species. In addition to health risks, populations may be impacted by advisories, limits of closures of fishing for certain species that are put in place to help mitigate health risks from potential consumption of species with higher levels of accumulated PFASs, but result in a lost of food sources and important subsistence species depended on by local communities. There is much research being done in this area, including into spatial patterns of PFAS bioaccumulation in fish and crustaceans but more research is also needed. There is a need for more research on membrane transport mechanisms, which transfer PFAS into marine organisms, and the biological behavior of shorter chain PFASs.
Australia
In 2017, the ABC's current affairs programme Four Corners reported that the storage and use of firefighting foams containing perfluorinated surfactants at Australian Defence Force facilities around Australia had contaminated nearby water resources. In 2019, remediation efforts at RAAF Base Tindal and the adjacent town of Katherine were ongoing. In the 2022 Australian federal budget $428million was allocated for works at HMAS Albatross, RAAF Base Amberley, RAAF Base Pearce and RAAF Base Richmond including funding to remediate PFAS contamination.
Canada
Although PFASs are not manufactured in Canada, they may be present in imported goods and products. In 2008, Canada prohibited the import, sale, or use of PFOS or PFOS-containing products, with some exceptions for products used in firefighting, in the military, and some forms of ink and photo media.
Health Canada has published drinking water guidelines for maximum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. The guidelines were established to protect the health of Canadians, including children, over a lifetime's exposure to these substances. The maximum allowable concentration for PFOS under the guidelines is 0.0002 milligrams per litre. The maximum allowable concentration for PFOA is 0.0006 milligrams per litre.
United Kingdom
The environmental consequences of PFAS - especially from fire fighting activities - has been recognised since the mid 1990s and came to prominence after the Buncefield explosion on 11 December 2005. In recent years the Environment Agency has undertaken a series of projects to understand the scale and nature of PFAS in the environment.
The Drinking Water Inspectorate requires water companies to report concentrations of 47 PFAS.Requirements for PFAS monitoring by water companies in England and Wales
Italy
Over 350,000 residents in Veneto are estimated to have been exposed to contamination through tap water, it is Europe's biggest PFAS-related environmental disaster.
While Italy's National Health Institute (ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità) set the threshold limit of PFOA in the bloodstream at 8 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), some residents had reached 262 and some industrial employees reach 91,900 ng/mL.
In 2021 some data has been disclosed by Greenpeace and other local citizens after a long legal battle against the Veneto Region and ISS, which for years has denied access to data that despite the alarming values known since or even before 2017 the Veneto Region has not carried out further monitoring or taken resolutive actions to eliminate pollution and reduce, at least gradually, the contamination of water not intended for drinking.
Furthermore, as far as is known, it appears that the Region has so far ignored the risk for the entire national community and beyond, given that some of these foods could also be sold abroad.
Although in 2020 the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) has reduced by more than four times the maximum tolerable limit of PSAS that can be taken through the diet, the Region has not carried out new assessments or implemented concrete actions to protect the population and the agri-food and livestock sectors. To this are added some limits on the monitoring of the monitored geographical area, which does not include the orange zone and other areas affected by contamination, as well as the insufficiency of analysis on important productions widespread in the areas concerned: eggs (up to 37100 ng/kg), fish (18600 ng/kg) spinach and radicchio (only one sampling carried out), kiwis, melons, watermelons, cereals (only one spelled sample was analyzed), soy, wines (very famous from the region) and apples.
The most polluted area is near the Lombardia region which has no data public for this kind of pollutant.
United States
In products
Certain PFASs are no longer manufactured in the United States, as a result of phase-outs including the PFOA Stewardship Program (2010-2015), in which eight major chemical manufacturers agreed to eliminate the use of PFOA and PFOA-related chemicals in their products and as emissions from their facilities. Although PFOA and PFOS are no longer manufactured in the United States, they are still produced internationally and are imported into the US in consumer goods such as carpet, leather and apparel, textiles, paper and packaging, coatings, rubber and plastics.
In 2020, manufacturers and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced an agreement to phase out some types of PFAS which are used in food packaging by 2024.
PFASs are also used by major companies of the cosmetics industry in a wide range of cosmetics, including lipstick, eye liner, mascara, foundation, concealer, lip balm, blush, nail polish and other such products. A 2021 study tested 231 makeup and personal care products and found organic fluorine, an indicator of PFASs, in more than half of the samples. High levels of fluorine were most commonly identified in waterproof mascara (82% of brands tested), foundations (63%), and liquid lipstick (62%). As many as 13 types of individual PFAS compounds were found in each product. Since PFAS compounds are highly mobile, they are readily absorbed through human skin and through tear ducts, and such products on lips are often unwittingly ingested. Manufacturers often fail to label their products as containing PFASs, which makes it difficult for cosmetics consumers to avoid products containing PFASs. In response, Senators Susan Collins of Maine and Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut proposed the No PFAS in Cosmetics Act in the United States Senate. It was also introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Michigan Representative Debbie Dingell.
Contaminated sites, drinking water and wastewater
An estimated 26,000 U.S. sites are contaminated with PFASs. At least six million Americans are estimated to have drinking water containing PFASs above the existing safe limit recommended prior to 2022 by the U.S. EPA. More than 200 million Americans are estimated to live in places where the tap water PFAS level (a combination of PFOA and PFOS levels) exceeds the 1 ppm (part per million) limit set in 2022 by the Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA published non-enforceable drinking water health advisories for PFOA and PFOS in 2016. In March 2021 EPA announced that it will develop national drinking water standards for PFOA and PFOS. On December 27, 2021, EPA published a regulation requiring drinking water utilities to conduct monitoring for 29 compounds. The data are to be collected during 2023 to 2025. EPA will pay for the monitoring costs for small drinking water systems (those serving a population of 10,000 or fewer). The agency may use the monitoring data to develop additional regulations.
In mid-2021 EPA announced plans to revise federal wastewater regulations (effluent guidelines) for several industries that manufacture PFASs or use PFASs in fabricating various products.
In October 2021 EPA announced the PFAS Strategic Roadmap. This initiative is a "whole-of-EPA" strategy and considers the full lifecycle of PFAS—including drinking water monitoring and risk assessment for PFOA and PFOS in biosolids (processed wastewater sludge used as fertilizer).
The EPA issued health advisories for four specific PFASs in June 2022, significantly lowering their safe threshold levels for drinking water. PFOA was reduced from 70 ppt to 0.004 ppt, while PFOS was reduced from 70 ppt to 0.02 ppt. GenX's safe levels were set at 10 ppt, while PFBS were set to 2000 ppt. While not enforceable, these health advisories are intended to be acted on by states in setting their own drinking water standards.
A formal EPA rule to add PFOA and PFAS as hazardous chemicals was first issued for comment on August 26, 2022. This would require those discharging waste to monitor and restrict the release of these PFAS to set levels, and report when the wastewater exceeds it. It would also make grounds affected by high levels of PFIA or PFAS to be treated as Superfund cleanup sites.
EPA has listed recommended steps that consumers may take to reduce possible exposure to PFAS chemicals.
California
In 2021 California banned PFASs for use in food packaging and from infant and children's products and also required PFAS cookware in the state to carry a warning label.
Maine
A program licensed and promoted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection that provided free municipal wastewater sludge (biosolids) to farmers as fertilizer has resulted in PFAS contamination of local drinking water and farm-grown produce.
Michigan
Launched in 2017, the Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART) is the first multi-agency action team of its kind in the nation. Agencies representing health, environment, and other branches of state government have joined together to investigate sources and locations of PFAS contamination in the state, take action to protect people's drinking water, and keep the public informed.
Groundwater is tested at locations throughout the state by various parties to ensure safety, compliance with regulations, and proactively detect and remedy potential problems. In 2010, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) discovered levels of PFASs in groundwater monitoring wells at the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base. As additional information became available from other national testing, Michigan expanded its investigations into other locations where PFAS compounds were potentially used.
In 2018, the MDEQ's Remediation and Redevelopment Division (RRD) established cleanup criteria for groundwater used as drinking water of 70 ppt of PFOA and PFOS, individually or combined. The RRD staff are responsible for implementing these criteria as part of their ongoing efforts to clean up sites of environmental contamination. The RRD staff are the lead investigators at most of the PFAS sites on the MPART website and also conduct interim response activities, such as coordinating bottled water or filter installations with local health departments at sites under investigation or with known PFAS concerns. Most of the groundwater sampling at PFAS sites under RRD's lead is conducted by contractors familiar with PFAS sampling techniques. The RRD also has a Geologic Services Unit, with staff who install monitoring wells and are also well versed with PFAS sampling techniques.
The MDEQ has been conducting environmental clean-up of regulated contaminants for decades. Due to the evolving nature of PFAS regulations as new science becomes available, the RRD is evaluating the need for regular PFAS sampling at Superfund sites and is including an evaluation of PFAS sampling needs as part of a Baseline Environmental Assessment review.
Earlier in 2018, the RRD purchased lab equipment that will allow the MDEQ Environmental Lab to conduct analyses of certain PFAS samples. (Currently, most samples are shipped to one of the few labs in the country that conduct PFAS analysis, in California, although private labs in other parts of the country, including Michigan, are starting to offer these services.) As of August 2018, RRD has hired additional staff to work on developing the methodology and conducting PFAS analyses.
In 2020 Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel filed a lawsuit against 17 companies, including 3M, Chemours, and DuPont, for hiding known health and environmental risks from the state and its residents. Nessel's complaint identifies 37 sites with known contamination.
In 2020 the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) introduced some of the strictest drinking water standards in the country for PFAS, setting maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS to 8 and 16 ppt respectively (down from previous existing groundwater cleanup standards of 70 ppt for both), and introducing MCLs for 5 other previously unregulated PFAS compounds, limiting PFNA to 6 ppt, PFHxA to 400,000 ppt, PFHxS to 51 ppt, PFBS to 420 ppt and HFPO-DA to 370 ppt. The change adds 38 additional sites to the state's list of known PFAS contaminated areas, bringing the total number of known sites to 137. About half of these sites are landfills and 13 are former plating facilities.
In 2022 PFOS was found in beef produced at a Michigan farm. The cattle had been fed crops fertilized with contaminated biosolids. State agencies issued a consumption advisory, but did not order a recall, because there currently is no PFOS contamination in beef government standards.
Minnesota
In February 2018, 3M settled a lawsuit for $850 million related to contaminated drinking water in Minnesota.
New Jersey
In 2018 the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) published a drinking water standard for PFNA. Public water systems in New Jersey are required to meet a maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard of 13 ppt. In 2020 the state set a PFOA standard at 14 ppt and a PFOS standard at 13 ppt.
In 2019 NJDEP filed lawsuits against the owners of two plants that had manufactured PFASs, and two plants that were cited for water pollution from other chemicals. The companies cited are DuPont, Chemours and 3M. NJDEP also declared five companies to be financially responsible for statewide remediation of the chemicals. Among the companies accused were Arkema and Solvay regarding a West Deptford Facility in Gloucester County, where Arkema manufactured PFASs, but Solvay claims to have never manufactured but only handled PFASs. The companies denied liability and contested the directive. In June 2020, the US Environmental Protection Agency and NJ Department of Environmental Protection published a paper reporting that a unique family of PFAS used by Solvay, chloroperfluoropolyether carboxylates (ClPFPECAs), were contaminating the soils of New Jersey as far from the Solvay facility as 150 km. and the ClPFPECAs were found in water as well.
Later in 2020, the New Jersey state attorney general filed suit in the New Jersey Superior Court against Solvey regarding PFAS contamination of the state's environment. In May 2021, Solvay issued a press release that the company is "discontinuing the use of fluorosurfactants in the U.S.".
Washington
Washington State has a history of PFAS releases to the environment.
In addition, five military installations in Washington State have been identified by the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works as having PFAS contamination. Toward environmental and consumer protections, the Washington State Department of Ecology published a Chemical Action Plan in November 2021, and in June 2022 the governor tasked the Washington State Department of Ecology with phasing out manufacture and import of products containing PFASs. Initial steps taken by the Washington State Department of Health to protect the public from exposure through drinking water have included setting State Action Levels for five PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFBS), which were implemented in November 2021.
Class action lawsuits
In February 2017, DuPont and Chemours (a DuPont spin-off) agreed to pay $671 million to settle lawsuits arising from 3,550 personal injury claims related to releasing of PFASs from their Parkersburg, West Virginia plant, into the drinking water of several thousand residents. This was after a court-created independent scientific panel, the "C8 Science Panel", found a "probable link" between C8 exposure and six illnesses: kidney and testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, pregnancy-induced hypertension and high cholesterol.
In October 2018, a class action suit was filed by an Ohio firefighter against several producers of fluorosurfactants, including the 3M and DuPont corporations, on behalf of all US residents who may have adverse health effects from exposure to PFASs.
This story is told in the film Dark Waters, released in November 2019, produced by the actor Mark Ruffalo and directed by Todd Haynes.
Corporate and federal government suppression of information
Starting in the 1970s, 3M scientists learned that PFOS and PFOA were toxic to humans, documenting damage to the human immune system. Also in the 1970s, 3M scientists found that these substances accumulate over time in the human body. However, 3M suppressed revelation of these facts to the public or to regulators.
In 2018 White House staff and EPA pressured the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to suppress a study that showed PFASs to be even more dangerous than previously thought.
Water contamination by U.S. military bases
The water in and around at least 126 U.S. military bases has been contaminated by high levels of PFASs because of their use of firefighting foams since the 1970s, according to a study by the U.S. Department of Defense. Of these, 90 bases reported PFAS contamination that had spread to drinking water or groundwater off the base. A 2022 Pentagon report acknowledged that approximately 175,000 U.S. military personnel at two dozen American military facilities drank water contaminated by higher PFAS levels than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limit. However, according to an analysis of the Pentagon report by the non-partisan Environmental Working Group, the Pentagon report downplayed the number of people exposed to PFAS, which was much higher, probably in excess of 640,000 at 116 military facilities, than the number advanced by the Pentagon report. The EWG found that the Pentagon also omitted from its report some types of diseases that are likely to be caused by EWG exposure, omitting testicular cancer, kidney disease, and fetal abnormalities.
Occupational exposure
Occupational exposure to PFASs occurs in numerous industries due to the widespread use of PFASs in products and as an element of industrial process streams. PFASs are used in more than 200 different ways in industries as diverse as electronics and equipment manufacturing, plastic and rubber production, food and textile production, and building and construction. Occupational exposure to PFASs can occur at fluorochemical facilities that produce PFASs and other manufacturing facilities that use PFASs for industrial processing like the chrome plating industry. Workers who handle PFAS-containing products can also be exposed during their work. Examples include people who install PFAS-containing carpets and leather furniture with PFAS coatings, professional ski-waxers using PFAS-based waxes, and fire-fighters who use PFAS-containing foam and wear flame-resistant protective gear impregnated with PFASs.
People who are exposed to PFASs through their jobs typically have higher levels of PFASs in their blood than the general population. Additionally, while the general population is exposed to PFASs through ingested food and water, occupational exposure includes both accidental ingestion and inhalation exposure in settings where a PFAS becomes volatilized. There has been increased attention to the health risks associated with exposure to PFASs, which can affect the immune system, increase cholesterol, and increase the risk of cancer. The severity of PFAS-associated health effects can vary based on the length of exposure, level of exposure, and health status. In 2009, under decision SC-4/17, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride were listed in Annex B of the 2009 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, dictating acceptable purposes and specific exemptions to the chemical usage. Among these exemptions are numerous uses in manufacturing as well as firefighting foams.
Professional ski wax technicians
Professional ski wax technicians are disproportionately exposed to PFASs from the glide wax used to coat the bottom of skis to reduce the friction between the skis and snow. During this process, the wax is heated to 130-220 °C, which releases fumes and airborne fluorinated compounds. Exposure to aerosolized PFASs is associated with alveolic edema, polymer fume fever, severe dyspnea, decreased pulmonary function, and respiratory distress syndrome in those chronically exposed. In a 2010 study, blood serum levels of PFOA were significantly higher in ski wax technicians compared to levels of the general Swedish population. Serum levels of PFOA in ski wax technicians were positively correlated with years spent working, suggesting bioaccumulation of PFOA over time.
Manufacturing workers
People who work at fluorochemical production plants and in manufacturing industries that use PFASs in the industrial process can be exposed to PFASs in the workplace. Much of what we know about PFASs exposure and health effects began with medical surveillance studies of workers exposed to PFASs at fluorochemical production facilities. These studies began in the 1940s and were conducted primarily at U.S. and European manufacturing sites. Between the 1940s and 2000s, thousands of workers exposed to PFASs participated in research studies that advanced scientific understanding of exposure pathways, toxicokinetic properties, and adverse health effects associated with exposure.
The first research study to report elevated organic fluorine levels in the blood of fluorochemical workers was published in 1980. This study established inhalation as a potential route of occupational PFAS exposure by reporting measurable levels of organic fluorine in air samples at the facility. Workers at fluorochemical production facilities have higher levels of PFOA and PFOS in their blood than the general population. Serum PFOA levels in fluorochemical workers are generally below 20,000 ng/mL but have been reported as high as 100,000 ng/mL whereas the mean PFOA concentration among non-occupationally exposed cohorts in the same time frame was 4.9 ng/mL. Among fluorochemical workers, those with direct contact with PFASs have higher PFAS concentrations in their blood than those with intermittent contact and those with no direct PFAS contact. Further, blood PFAS levels decline when direct contact ceases. Levels of PFOA and PFOS have declined in US and European fluorochemical workers due to improved facilities, increased usage of personal protective equipment, and the phase out of these chemicals from production. However, occupational exposure to PFASs in manufacturing continues to be an active area of study in China with numerous investigations linking worker exposure to various PFASs.
Firefighters
PFASs are commonly used in Class B firefighting foams due to their hydrophobic and lipophobic properties as well as the stability of the chemicals when exposed to high heat. Due to firefighters' potential for exposure to PFASs through these aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), studies raise concerns that firefighters are especially prone to high concentrations of serum PFASs.
Research into occupational exposure for firefighters is emergent, though frequently limited by underpowered study designs. A 2011 cross-sectional analysis of the C8 Health Studies found higher levels of PFHxS in firefighters compared to the sample group of the region, with other PFASs at elevated levels, without reaching statistical significance. A 2014 study in Finland studying eight firefighters over three training sessions observed select PFASs (PFHxS and PFNA) increase in blood samples following each training event. Due to this small sample size, a test of significance was not conducted. A 2015 cross-sectional study conducted in Australia found that accumulation of PFOS and PFHxS was positively associated with years of occupational AFFF exposure through firefighting.
Due to their use in training and testing, recent studies indicate occupational risk for military members and firefighters, as higher levels of PFASs in exposure were indicated in military members and firefighters when compared to the general population. Further, exposure to PFASs is prevalent among firefighters not only due to its use in emergencies but because it is also used in personal protective equipment. In support of these findings, states like Washington and Colorado have moved to restrict and penalize the use of Class B firefighting foam which contains PFASs for firefighter training and testing.
Exposure after World Trade Center terrorist attacks
The September 11, 2001 collapse of the World Trade Center buildings in New York City resulted in the release of chemicals from the destruction of construction and electrical material and long-term chemical fires. This collapse caused the release of several toxic chemicals, including fluorinated surfactants used as soil- and stain-resistant coatings on various materials. First responders to this incident were exposed to PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, through inhalation of dust and smoke released during and after the collapse of the World Trade Center.
Fire responders who were working at or near ground zero were assessed for respiratory and other health effects from exposure to emissions at the World Trade Center. Early clinical testing showed a high prevalence of respiratory health effects. Early symptoms of exposure often presented with persistent coughing and wheezing. PFOA and PFHxS levels were present in both smoke and dust exposure. Yet, first responders with smoke exposures had higher concentrations of PFOA and PFHxS than those with dust exposures.
Remediation solutions
Water treatment
Several technologies are currently available for remediating PFASs in liquids. These technologies can be applied to drinking water supplies, groundwater, industrial wastewater, surface water, and other miscellaneous applications (such as landfill leachate). Influent concentrations of PFASs can vary by orders of magnitude for specific media or applications. These influent values, along with other general water quality parameters (for example, pH) can influence the performance and operating costs of the treatment technologies. The technologies are:
Sorption
Granular activated carbon
Biochar
Ion exchange
Precipitation/flocculation/coagulation
Redox manipulation (chemical oxidation and reduction technologies)
Membrane filtration
Reverse osmosis
Nanofiltration
Supercritical water oxidation
Private and public sector applications of one or more of these methodologies above are being applied to remediation sites throughout the United States and other international locations. Most solutions involve on-site treatment systems, while others are leveraging off-site infrastructure and facilities, such as a centralized waste treatment facility, to treat and dispose of the PFAS pool of compounds.
Most recently, a 2022 study published in the Journal of Environmental Engineering found that a heat-and pressure-based technique known as supercritical water oxidation destroyed 99% of the PFASs present in a water sample. During this process, oxidizing substances are added to PFAS-contaminated water and then the liquid is heated above its critical temperature of 374 degrees Celsius at a pressure of more than 220 bars. The water becomes supercritical (being neither gas nor liquid), and, in this state, water-repellent substances such as PFASs dissolve much more readily.
Theoretical and early-stage solutions
The Michigan State University-Fraunhofer team has a viable solution to treat PFAS-contaminated wastewater that, in 2018, was reported to be ready for a pilot-scale investigation. The electrochemical oxidation system used boron-doped diamond electrodes, in a process breaking down the contaminants' formidable molecular bonds and cleaning the water while systematically destroying the hazardous compounds.
"EO, or electrochemical oxidation, is a simple, clean, and effective method for destruction of PFASs and other co-contaminants as a complementary procedure to other wastewater treatment processes," said Cory Rusinek, an electrochemist at MSU-Fraunhofer. "If we can remove it from wastewater, we can reduce its occurrence in surface waters."
In September 2019, it was reported Acidimicrobium sp. strain A6 could be a potential remediator of PFAS, including saturated ones such as PFOS. PFAS with unsaturated bonds are easier to break down: the commercial dechlorination culture KB1 (contains Dehalococcoides) is capable of breaking down such substances, but not saturated PFAS. When alternative, easier-to-digest substrates are present, microbes may prefer them over PFAS.
Chemical treatment
A study published in the journal Science in August 2022 indicated that perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are able to be "mineralized" via heating in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide. The study reported that heating PFCAs in an 8 to 1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water at in the presence of sodium hydroxide, caused the removal of the carboxylic acid group at the end of the carbon chain, creating a perfluoroanion. The perfluoroanion then "mineralizes" into sodium fluoride and other salts such as sodium trifluoroacetate, formate, carbonate, oxalate and glycolate. The process does not work on perfluorosulfonic acids such as PFOS. A more recent study published in Chemical Science shows breakdown of C-F bonds and their mineralization as YF3 or YF6 clusters. Another study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society described the PFAs breakdown using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
Example chemicals
Some common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances:
Polytetrafluoroethylene aka PTFE aka Teflon
Perfluorinated carboxylic acids
Fluorotelomers
Perfluorosulfonic acids
Others:
Films
The Devil We Know (2018)
Dark Waters (2019)
See also
Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Entegris, formerly Fluoroware, of Chaska, MN, manufacturer of teflon components for health and semiconductor Fabs
FSI International, now TEL FSI
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Fluoropolymer, another class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
References
Further reading
External links
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the National Toxicology Program
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Your Health at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFAS) at the European Chemicals Agency
PFAS Contamination [map] in the U.S. by the Environmental Working Group
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Organofluorides
Pollutants
Surfactants
Environment and health
Occupational safety and health
Hazardous air pollutants |
17335357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herinnering%20aan%20Holland | Herinnering aan Holland | Herinnering aan Holland () is a poem written by Dutch poet Hendrik Marsman (1899–1940), first published in 1936. The poem describes the Dutch landscape and the Dutch struggle against the water. It is one of the best-known poems in the Dutch language.
References
External links
Herinnering aan Holland
Translation
Dutch poems
1936 poems |
17335369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardiner%20Pond%20Shell%20Midden | Gardiner Pond Shell Midden | The Gardiner Pond Shell Midden (also known as RI-101W) is a prehistoric archaeological site in Middletown, Rhode Island, named after George Gardiner who was an early settler in the area. The site includes a large shell midden, in which archaeological finds have been made dating the area's human habitation to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. Finds at the site include agricultural tools such as hoes, planting tools, and stone mortars and pestles. The midden is on the grounds of the Norman Bird Sanctuary.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Shell middens in the United States
Middletown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
44502135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopteryx%20pseudobelialis | Cymbopteryx pseudobelialis | Cymbopteryx pseudobelialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1974. It is found in Bolivia.
References
Moths described in 1974
Odontiini |
17335370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Park%20%28American%20football%29 | Robert Park (American football) | Robert Park (May 12, 1880 – November 22, 1961) was an American football coach. He was the tenth head football coach at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, serving for one season, in 1922, and compiling a record of 4–6. He also coached other sports for many years, but he was best known for his work as an academic and a minister of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA).
Career
Born in Rome, New York on May 12, 1880, Park attended the city schools of Syracuse and graduated from Syracuse University, where he was the captain of the football team in 1905. After graduation, he studied at the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary (RPTS) from 1907 to 1910. Licensed by the Rochester Presbytery on May 4, 1909, he was ordained to the ministry by the Pittsburgh Presbytery and installed as pastor of the denomination's Parnassus congregation on 11 November 1910. Park remained pastor of the congregation until August 28, 1922, when he resigned to serve at Geneva.
While Park was the head of the history department at Geneva, he was also a longtime sports coach: he coached the football team in 1922, the cross country team from 1926 to 1928, and the track team from 1929 to 1949 . He was also the Dean of the College and the chairman of the Bible Department from 1949 until 1955. Park continued to serve his church, being chairman of various committees and sitting on the boards of both Geneva College and RPTS. In 1929, he was elected the church history professor at RPTS. Park continued his schooling after beginning his professorship, earning an M.A. from the University of Pittsburgh in 1924 and eventually earning a PhD. He was recognized for his accomplishments later in life, being elected the Moderator of the Synod of the RPCNA in 1951, and receiving a D.D. from Syracuse University in 1934.
Beginning in 1929 and continuing until his death, Park spent his summers pastoring at the Reformed Presbyterian congregation in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia.
Family
Park was born into an Irish family: his father and mother were natives of County Tyrone and County Cavan respectively. Park married the former Emma Dodd on July 23, 1907 while teaching at the Arkansas Military Academy in Little Rock, between his college and seminary careers; with her, he had three sons: Robert, David, and James. After her death in Beaver Falls in 1939, he married the former Jennie Hayes on December 31 1940, by whom he had two more sons: John and Eric. They were married until his death in Beaver Falls on November 22, 1961. Park is buried in Syracuse.
Head coaching record
Football
References
External links
1880 births
1961 deaths
American Presbyterian ministers
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football coaches
Reformed Presbyterian Church (denominational group)
Syracuse Orange football players
College track and field coaches in the United States
University of Pittsburgh alumni
People from Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Rome, New York
Players of American football from Pennsylvania |
17335380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC%20Fajr | IRGC Fajr | The IRGC Fajr (فجر - "Dawn") was a light aircraft flown in Iran in 1988, intended for general military use including training, liaison, and reconnaissance. Of all-composite construction, it was claimed to be the first aircraft to be designed and built in that country, although it was speculated in the West that it may have been merely a Lancair homebuilt design constructed there.
References
1980s Iranian military utility aircraft |
17335381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armin%20Scheurer | Armin Scheurer | Armin Scheurer (December 24, 1917 – August 27, 1990) was a Swiss athlete. He held nine national records for his nation. He also coached football. In 1950 he was Swiss Sports Personality of the Year.
He was a decathlete during his active career and competed in that discipline at the 1948 Summer Olympics, but failed to finish. He was fourth at the 1946 European Athletics Championships and fifth at the 1950 European Athletics Championships, managing sixth in the individual pole vault at the latter event.
References
Swiss football managers
FC Aarau managers
FC Biel-Bienne managers
Swiss decathletes
Swiss male pole vaulters
1917 births
1990 deaths
Olympic athletes of Switzerland
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics |
17335388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inborn%20errors%20of%20renal%20tubular%20transport | Inborn errors of renal tubular transport | Inborn errors of renal tubular transport are metabolic disorders which lead to impairment in the ability of solutes, such as salts or amino acids, to be transported across the brush border of the renal tubule. This results in disruptions of renal reabsorption.
Examples of these disorders include Iminoglycinuria, renal tubular acidosis and Gitelman syndrome.
References
External links |
17335402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehead%E2%80%93Marbella | Horsehead–Marbella | Horsehead/Marbella is an historic summer house at 240 Highland Drive in Jamestown, Rhode Island. Occupying a spectacular setting on a southerly-projecting peninsula, this Shingle style house and carriage house were designed by Charles L. Bevins and built for industrialist Joseph Wharton in the 1880s. It is also notable as an early example of the lower-key architectural styles associated with Jamestown's summer community, differentiating it from the more elaborate summer estates developed in nearby Newport.
The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It continues to be owned by Wharton's descendants.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Jamestown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
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