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During the Industrial Revolution , much of Nottingham 's prosperity was founded on the textile industry ; in particular , the city became an internationally important center of lace manufacture .
In the 18th and 19th centuries , much of Nottingham 's wealth was founded on the textile industry .
c2c is a British train operating company owned by National Express .
c2c is a British train operating company that is part of the National Express Group .
c2c operates services on the London , Tilbury and Southend Railway line from London Fenchurch Street to East London and along the northern Thames Gateway area of southern Essex , including Basildon , Chafford Hundred ( for Lakeside Shopping Centre ) , Tilbury and Southend-on-Sea .
It provides passenger rail services on the London , Tilbury and Southend Railway line from Fenchurch Street railway station in the City of London to east London and the whole length of the northern Thames Gateway area of southern Essex including Basildon , Chafford Hundred ( for Lakeside Shopping Centre ) , Tilbury and Southend-on-Sea .
The line has a speed limit of 75 mph ( 121 km\/h ) , although the Class 357 Electrostar trains are capable of 100 mph ( 160 km\/h ) .
The line currently has a maximum speed limit of 75 mph ( 121 km\/h ) , although the Class 357 Electrostar electric multiple unit trains which run on it are capable of a maximum speed of 100 mph ( 160 km\/h ) .
The typical off-peak service per hour consists of 8 trains arriving and departing Fenchurch Street : On Sundays , the non-stopping service does not run and the Grays via Rainham service is reduced to an hourly shuttle from Barking .
The normal off-peak service are of eight trains per hour ( tph ) coming and leaving Fenchurch Street : On Sundays , the non-stopping service does not run and the Grays via Rainham service is reduced to a 1 tph shuttle from Barking .
The main route from Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness via Basildon is 39.5 miles ( 63.57 km ) , with a fastest timetabled journey time of 58 minutes giving an average speed of 40.7 mph , although the route can be done in 47 minutes , an average speed of 50 mph .
The main route from Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness via Basildon is 39.5 mph and the fastest timetabled journey time from Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness is 58mph giving an average speed of 40.7 mph , although the route can be done in 47mph , giving an average speed of 50mph .
As c2c is mainly a London commuter railway and the average c2c journey is between 40 and 70 minutes , c2c does not offer first-class seating .
As c2c is mainly a London commuter railway and the normal c2c journey is between 40 to 70 minutes , c2c does not have first-class seating : all of its Class 357 trains are fitted with standard high-density 3 +2 Chapman seating to meet demand at peak times when the line is very busy .
London Underground 's District line connects with c2c indirectly at Tower Hill ( for Fenchurch Street ) and directly at West Ham , Barking and Upminster .
The London Underground District Line also serves Upminster station , Barking station , West Ham station and Tower Hill ( for Fenchurch Street ) .
Building began in 1939 , with an interruption by the Second World War , and The Herbert opened in 1960 .
Work on it began in 1939 , with an interruption by the Second World War , and The Herbert opened in 1960 .
In 2010 , the museum and gallery received more than 300,000 visitors , making it one of the most popular free tourist attractions in the West Midlands .
This makes it one of the most popular free tourist attractions in the West Midlands .
It derives financial support from donations , sales at the museum shop , and hiring the buildings out .
Its only income is from donations , sales at the museum shop , and hiring out the buildings the charity owns .
It is named after Sir Alfred Herbert , a Coventry industrialist and philanthropist whose gifts enabled the original building to be opened in 1960 .
It is named after Sir Alfred Herbert , a local business owner who gave money for the original building .
Herbert Art Gallery & Museum ( also known as The Herbert ) is a museum , art gallery , records archive , learning center and creative arts facility on Jordan Well , Coventry , England .
Coordinates : 52 ° 24 ′ 26 ″ N 1 ° 30 ′ 22 ″ W \ / 52.407159 ° N 1.506098 ° W \ / 52.407159 ; -1.506098 Herbert Art Gallery and Museum is a is a museum , art gallery , archive , learning center and creative arts facility in Jordan Well , Coventry , United Kingdom .
The 5,308 square metres ( 57,100 sq ft ) Senedd building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 1 March 2006 and the total cost was # 69.6 million , which included # 49.7 M in construction costs .
The 5,308 square meters ( 57,100 sq ft ) Senedd building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 1 March 2006 and the total cost was # 69.6 million , which included # 49.7 M in construction costs .
Total costs rose due to unforeseen security measures after the 11 September attacks , and because the National Assembly did not have an independent cost appraisal of the project until December 2000 , three years after the original estimate .
Total costs rose due to unforeseen security measures after the September 11 attacks , and because the National Assembly did not have an independent cost appraisal of the project until December 2000 , three years after the original estimate .
The Pritzker Prize-winning architect Richard Rogers won an international architectural design competition , managed by RIBA Competitions , to design the building .
The Pritzker Prize-winning architect Richard Rogers won the international competition to design the building .
The Senedd ( Senate or Parliament ; Welsh pronunciation : ( ˈsɛnɛð ) ) , also known as the National Assembly building , houses the debating chamber and three committee rooms for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff .
The Senedd ( English : Senate or Parliament ) also known as the National Assembly building , houses the debating chamber and three committee rooms for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff .
In 2001 Pope John Paul II visited the mosque , primarily to visit the relics of John the Baptist .
In 2001 , Pope John Paul II visited the mosque , primarily to visit the relics of John the Baptist .
After the Arab conquest of Damascus in 634 , the mosque was built on the site of a Christian basilica dedicated to John the Baptist ( Yahya ) , honored as a prophet by Christians and Muslims alike .
The mosque holds a shrine which is said to contain the head of John the Baptist ( Yahya ) , honored as a prophet by Muslims and Christians alike .
The Division of Riverina-Darling was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales .
The Division of Riverina-Darling was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales .
It was located in south-west rural New South Wales , and included the towns of Broken Hill , Griffith , Hay and Narrandera .
It was located in the towns of Broken Hill , Griffith , Hay and Narrandera .
The Division was created in 1984 , largely replacing the abolished division of Riverina .
The division was created in 1984 .
They tended to be large predators , some growing to sizes of 10 metres ( 33 ft ) .
They tended to be large predators , and some were 30 ft ( 10 m ) long .
On May 22 , 2008 , NOAA released their forecast for the 2008 Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific hurricane seasons .
The 2008 Pacific hurricane season started on May 15 , 2008 , and ended November 30 , 2008 .
The division was created in 1977 and is named after Sir Arthur Fadden , Prime Minister of Australia in 1941 .
It was set up in 1977 and is named after Sir Arthur Fadden , Prime Minister of Australia in 1941 .
Specimens of the species have been identified from the Andean cloud forest stretching from western Colombia to Ecuador .
Specimens of the species have been identified from the cloud forest stretching from central Colombia to western Ecuador .
Helgen discovered specimens of the species in storage at The Field Museum in Chicago and used DNA testing to confirm a new species .
The curator discovered specimens of the species in storage at the Field Museum of Natural History and used DNA testing to confirm a new species .
They have a single pair of mammae , and probably produce a single offspring at a time .
It produces a single offspring at a time .
Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by Kristofer Helgen , the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History , olingo expert Roland Kays of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and collaborators .
Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History .
Sánchez partner was the actress Elia Galera , who also worked on Hospital Central .
Sánchez partner is the actress Elia Galera , who also worked on Hospital Central .
In 2006 , their daughter Jimena was born and in 2010 , their daughter Olivia was born .
In 2006 , their daughter Jimena was born .
In 2013 , Sánchez will make his presentation debut and starring plays an antagonist Hernán Saldaña in Televisa 's La tempestad .
In 2013 , Sánchez will start playing antagonist Hernán Saldaña in La tempestad .
Sánchez was born on November 19 , 1974 in Madrid .
Sánchez was born on November 19 , 1974 in Móstoles .
The Hebrew term shalom is roughly translated to other languages as peace ( En . )
Shalom ( שלום ) is a Hebraic word which means `` peace '' .
On November 24 , 1991 , Carr died , at the age of 41 .
Carr died of heart cancer on November 24 , 1991 at age 41 .
They enjoyed some success , performing as an opening act for established names such as Stevie Wonder and Nina Simone .
Salt & Pepper became the opening act for artists such as Stevie Wonder and Nina Simone .
In 1973 the band changed their name to Creation , now performing disco music .
The group changed their name to `` Creation '' in 1973 and began to play Disco .
Eric Carr ( born Paul Charles Caravello ; July 12 , 1950 - November 24 , 1991 ) was an American musician , best known as the drummer for the rock band Kiss from 1980 to 1991 .
Eric Carr ( July 12 , 1950 - November 24 , 1991 ) was an American rock drummer .
Each set shot has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution , ranging from a 4-point minimum for lowest level difficulty shots , and climbing to an 11-point maximum for shots deemed highest in difficulty level .
Each set shot has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution , ranging from a 4-point maximum for lowest level difficulty shots , and climbing to an 11-point maximum for shots deemed highest in difficulty level .
A heated table is required under international carom rules and is an especially important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards .
A heated table is required under international carom rules and is an important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards .
In fact , the predecessor company of the most famous maker of billiard cloth , Iwan Simonis , was formed in 1453 .
In fact , the company that became the most famous maker of billiard cloth , Iwan Simonis , was formed in 1453 .
The object of straight rail is simple : one point , called a `` count '' , is scored each time a player 's cue ball makes contact with both object balls ( the second cue ball and the third ball ) on a single stroke .
The object of straight rail is simple : one point , called a `` count '' , is scored each time a player 's cue ball makes contact with both object balls ( the second cue ball and the third ball ) on a single strike of the cue ball .
The slate bed of a billiard table is often heated to about 5 ° C ( 9 ° F ) above room temperature , which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner , and generally makes a table play faster .
The slate bed of a billiard table is often heated to about 5 ° C\/9 ° F above room temperature , which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner , and generally makes a table play faster .
Both types of ball sets are permitted in tournament play .
Both types of ball sets are allowed in tournament play .
There are many variation of balkline but all divide the table into marked regions called balk spaces .
There are many varieties of balkline , but all divide the table into marked regions called balk spaces .
The New York Times announced it with fanfare : `` For the first time in the history of world 's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used ... '' Straight rail , sometimes referred to as carom billiards , straight billiards , the three-ball game , the carambole game , and the free game in Europe , is thought to date to the 18th century , although no exact time of origin is known .
The New York Times announced it with fanfare : `` For the first time in the history of world 's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used ... '' Straight rail , sometimes called carom billiards , straight billiards , the three-ball game , the carambole game , and the free game in Europe , is thought to date to the 1700s .
Billiard balls have been made from many different materials throughout the history of the game , including clay , wood , ivory , plastics ( including celluloid , Bakelite , crystalate , and phenolic resin , polyester and acrylic ) and even steel .
For example , they have been made from clay , wood , ivory , plastics ( including celluloid , Bakelite , crystalate , and phenolic resin ) and even steel .
The game is sometimes incorrectly referred to as one-cushion or one-cushion billiards , which is the direct translation of its name into English from various other languages such as Spanish ( `` una banda '' ) and German ( `` einband '' ) .
The game is sometimes incorrectly called one-cushion or one-cushion billiards , which is the direct translation of its name into English from various other languages such as Spanish ( `` una banda '' ) and German ( `` einband '' ) .
Hoppe was the eventual winner with a final score in of 600-527 .
Hoppe was the eventual winner with a final score of 600-527 .
The game is played predominantly in western Europe , especially in France , Belgium and the Netherlands .
The game is played mostly in western Europe , especially in France , Belgium and the Netherlands .
Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century .
Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century ( 1400s ) .
The first use of electric heating was for an 18.2 balkline tournament held in December 1927 between Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer , Jr. .
The first use of electric heating was for a tournament in the game of `` 18.2 balkline '' , that was held in December 1927 between two players : Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer , Jr. .
Some of the more prevalent today and historically are ( chronologically by apparent date of development ) : straight rail , cushion caroms , balkline , three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards .
Some of the most well known games are straight rail , cushion caroms , balkline , three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards .
The object is to carom off both object balls with at least three rail cushions being contacted before the contact of the cue ball with the second object ball .
In three-cushion billiards , sometimes called three-cushion carom , three-cushion , three-cushions , three-rail , rails and the angle game , the object is to carom off both object balls with at least three rails being contacted before the contact of the cue ball with the second object ball .
An average of one means that for every turn at the table , a player makes 1 point and misses once , thus making a point on 50 % of his or her shots .
An average of one means that for every turn at the table , a player makes one point and misses once .
While UMB , the International Olympic Committee-recognized world carom billiards authority , technically permits balls as small as 61 mm ( 2.4 in ) , no major manufacturer produces such balls any longer , and the de facto standard is 61.5 mm ( 2.42 in ) .
While UMB , the International Olympic Committee-recognized world carom billiards authority , permits balls as small as 61.0 mm ( approximately 23⁄8 ) , no major manufacturer produces such balls any longer , and the main standard is 61.5 mm .
The International Olympic Committee-recognized World Pool-Billiard Association ( WPA ) cooperates with the UMB to keep their rulesets synchronized .
The International Olympic Committee-recognized World Pool-Billiard Association ( WPA ) cooperates with the UMB to keep their rulesets consistent .
In its simplest form , the object of the game is to score points or `` counts '' by caroming one 's own cue ball off both the opponent 's cue ball and the object ball ( s ) on a single shot .
In its simplest form , the object of carom billiards games is to score points or `` counts '' by bouncing one 's own ball , called a cue ball , off of the other two balls on the table .
The highest score ever achieved in world competition was 374 , by the Frenchman Jean Reverchon in 1992 , while the highest score in competition overall is 427 set by Belgian Walter Bax on March 12 , 2006 at a competition held in Deurne , Belgium , beating his own previous record of 425 .
The highest score in competition overall is 427 set by Belgian Walter Bax on March 12 , 2006 at a competition held in Deurne , Belgium , beating his own previous record of 425 .
Such balk spaces define areas of the table surface in which a player may only score up to a threshold number of points while the object balls are within that region .
The balk spaces define areas of the surface of the table where a player may only score up to a certain number of points while the object balls are within that region .
In artistic billiards , sometimes called fantasy billiards or ( in French ) fantaisie classique , players compete at performing 76 preset shots of varying difficulty .
In Artistic billiards , sometimes called fantasy billiards or fantaisie classique , players compete at performing 76 planned shots , each assigned a degree of difficulty .
The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental concerns but based on economic motivation and fear of danger for elephant hunters .
The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental reasons but based on how expensive they were and fear of danger for elephant hunters .
Three-cushion billiards retains great popularity in parts of Europe , Asia , and Latin America , and is the most popular carom billiards game played in the US today , where pool is far more widespread .
Three-cushion billiards is the most popular carom billiards game played in the U.S. today , where pocket billiards ( pool ) is far more widespread .
The governing body of the sport is the Confédération Internationale de Billard Artistique ( CIBA ) .
The governing body of the sport is the Confédération Internationale de Billiard Artistique ( CIBA ) .
The three standard balls in most carom billiards games consist of a completely white cue ball , a second cue ball with typically a red or black dot on it ( to aid in differentiation between the two cue balls ) , and a third , red ball .
The three standard balls in most carom billiards games are a completely white cue ball , a second cue ball sometimes having a red or black dot on it ( to help people in telling the balls apart ) , and a third , red ball .
The object of the game is to score cushion caroms , meaning a carom off of both object balls with at least one rail being struck before the hit on the second object ball .
The object of cushion caroms is to score cushion caroms , meaning a bounce off of both of the other balls on the table , with at least one rail of the table being struck by the cue ball before the contact with second object ball .
Cushion caroms , sometimes called by its original name , the indirect game , is traceable to 1820 's Britain and is a descendant of the doublet game dating to at least 1807 .
Cushion caroms , sometimes called by its original name , the indirect game , is thought to have developed in the 1820s in Britain , it developed out of an older game called the doublet game , that dates to at least 1807 .
It was known as French caroms , French billiards or the French game in early times , taking those bygone names from the French who popularized it .
It was called French caroms , French billiards or the French game in early times , taking those old names from the French who made the game popular .
On September 22 , 1924 , Willie Hoppe , the world 's balkline champion ( who later took up three-cushion with a passion ) , and Ralph Greenleaf , the world 's straight pool title holder , played a well advertised , multi-day , match to 600 points .
On September 22 , 1924 Willie Hoppe ( last name rhymes with `` poppy '' ) , the world balkline champion and Ralph Greenleaf , the world pocket billiards ( pool ) title holder , played a well-advertised , multiple-day , 600-point match .
Additionally , rectangles are drawn where each balkline meets a rail , called anchor spaces , which developed to stop a number of nursing techniques that exploited the fact that if the object balls straddled a balkline , no count limit was in place .
Additionally , rectangles are drawn where each balkline meets a rail , called anchor spaces .
The game employed diagonal lines-balklines-at the table 's corners to regions where counts were restricted , thus `` cutting off four triangular spaces in the four corners , ( taking ) away 711 mm ( 28 in ) of the ` nursing ' surface of the end rails and 1,422 mm ( 56 in ) on the long rails . ''
The game uses diagonal lines-balklines-drawn at the table 's corners to indicate that if balls were inside those lines , points could not be scored , thus `` cutting off four triangular spaces in the four corners , ( taking ) away 28 inches ( 711 mm ) of the ` nursing ' surface of the end rails and 56 inches ( 1422 mm ) on the long rails . ''
Averaging one point per inning is professional-level play , and averaging 1.5 to 2 is world-class play .
Averaging one point per turn at the table is professional-level play , and averaging 1.5 to 2 is world-class play .
Additionally , Europe hosts professional competitions known as pentathlons after the ancient Greek Olympic competitions , in which straight rail is featured as one of five billiards disciplines at which players compete , the other four being 47.1 balkline , cushion caroms , 71.2 balkline and three-cushion billiards .
The other four are called 47.1 balkline , cushion caroms , 71.2 balkline and three-cushion billiards .
The dominant material from 1627 until the early - to mid-20th century was ivory .
The most common substance from 1627 until the early - to mid-twentieth century was ivory .
Each shot in an artistic billiards match is played from a well-defined position ( in some venues within an exacting two millimeter tolerance ) , and each shot must unfold in an established manner .
Each shot in an artistic billiards match is played from a well-defined starting position .
For example , the name 18.2 balkline , one of the more prominent balkline games , indicates that balk lines are drawn 18 inches ( 457.2 mm ) distant from each rail , and only two counts are allowed in a backspace before a ball must leave .
So , for example , the name 18.2 balkline , tells us that balklines are drawn 18 inches ( 460 mm ) distant from each rail , and only two points are allowed in a balk space before a ball must leave that area .
There are many other carom billiards games , predominantly intermediary or offshoot games combining elements of those already listed , such as the champion 's game , an intermediary game between straight rail and balkline , as well as games which are hybrids of carom billiards and pocket billiards , such as English billiards played on a snooker table and its descendant games , American four-ball billiards , and cowboy pool .
Other games are combinations of these games and other games played on tables with pockets ( pool or snooker games ) , such as English billiards played on a snooker table and its related games , American four-ball billiards , and cowboy pool , played on a pool table .
It had been staging world three-cushion championships since the late 1920s .
That organization has been holding world three-cushion championships since the late 1920s .
Most cloth made for carom billiards tables is a type of baize that is dyed green , and is made from 100 % worsted wool , which provides a very fast surface allowing the balls to travel with little resistance across the table bed .
Most cloth made for carom billiards tables is a type of cloth called `` baize '' that is dyed green in color , and is made from 100 % wool that has fibers that are made to be very straight ( a process called worsting ) .
The new game appearing in 1879 , called the champion 's game or limited-rail , is considered an intermediary game between straight rail and balkline and was designed with the specific intent of frustrating the rail nurse .
The champion 's game is considered an in-between game-between straight rail and balkline-and was designed to stop the rail nurse .
The most important of these , the rail nurse , involves the progressive nudging of the object balls down a rail , ideally moving them just a few centimeters on each count , keeping them close together and positioned at the end of each stroke in the same or near the same configuration such that the nurse can be replicated again and again .
The most important of these nurse techniques , called the rail nurse , involves nudging the balls down a rail , moving them just a few centimeters on each score and keeping them close together and positioned at the end of each stroke in the same or near the same arrangement so that the rail nurse can be repeated .
Carom billiards , sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole ( and in some cases used as a synonym for the game of straight rail from which many carom games derive ) , is the overarching title of a family of billiards games generally played on cloth-covered , 1.5-by-3 .0 - metre ( 5 by 10 ft ) pocketless tables , which often feature heated slate beds .
Carom billiards , sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole ( and sometimes used as another word for a game called `` straight rail '' ) are a family of billiards games played on cloth-covered tables .
In the balkline games , rather than drawing balklines a few inches from the corners , the entire table is divided into rectangular balk spaces , by drawing balklines a certain distance lengthwise and widthwise across the length of the table a set number of inches parallel out from each rail .
In the balkline games , rather than drawing balklines a few inches from the corners as was done in the champion 's games , the entire table is divided into rectangular spaces .
The origin of the game is not entirely known .
Arising sometime in the 1870s , the origin of three-cushion billiards is not entirely known .
In general , the shots making up the game-even 4-point shots-require a high degree of skill , devoted practice and specialized knowledge to perform .
In general , the 76 shots in the game-even the lowest difficulty 4-point shots-require a high degree of skill , much practice and specialized knowledge to perform .
By 1924 , three-cushion had become so popular that two giants in other billiard disciplines agreed to take up the game especially for a challenge match .
By 1924 three-cushion had become so popular that two very well know players in other billiard areas agreed to play each other in it at a challenge match .
For the most part , the differences between one balkline game and another are defined by two measures : 1 ) the spacing of the balklines , and 2 ) the number of points that are allowed in each balk space before at least one ball must leave the region .
Generally , the differences between one balkline game and another are defined by two different things : 1 ) where the balkines are drawn on the table , and 2 ) the number of points that are allowed in each balk space before at least one ball must leave that region of the table .
It was in part spurred on by a New York billiard table manufacturer who announced a prize of $ 10,000 for a substitute material .
The search was made more enticing when a New York billiard table maker offered a $ 10,000 prize for a substitute material .
The high run for the tournament was just 6 points , and the high average a 0.75 .
The high run for the tournament was just 6 points , and the high average a .75 .
The green color of cloth was originally chosen to emulate the look of grass , and has been so colored since the 16th century .
The green color of cloth was originally chosen to look similar to grass .
Techniques continued to develop which increased counts greatly despite the crotching prohibition , especially the development of a variety of `` nurse '' techniques .
Techniques continued to develop which increased counts greatly despite the crotching ban .
The game was infrequently played , with many top carom players of the era voicing their dislike of it , until after the 1907 introduction of the Lambert Trophy .
The game was infrequently played prior to 1907 , with many top carom players of the era saying they did not enjoy it .
Queen Victoria ( lived 1819-1901 ) had a billiard table that was heated using zinc tubes , although the aim at that time was chiefly to keep the then-used ivory balls from warping .
Queen Victoria of England ( 1819-1901 ) had a billiard table that was heated using zinc tubes , At that time , though , the reason for the heating was different .
Three-cushion is a very difficult game .
Three-cushion billiards is a very difficult game .
Balkline is popular in Europe and the Far East .
Balkline is not very common in the U.S. , but remains popular in Europe and the Far East .
At straight rail 's inception there was no restriction on the manner of scoring .
When straight rail was first invented there was no restriction on the way points were scored .
Some etymologists have suggested that carambola , in turn , was derived from a yellow-to-orange , tropical Asian fruit also known in Portuguese as a carambola ( which was a corruption of the original name of the fruit , karambal in the Marathi language of India ) , also known as star fruit .
Some people who study word origins suggest that carambola was originally the name of a yellow-to-orange colored , tropical Asian fruit , known in Portuguese as a carambola .
Straight rail is still popular in Europe , where it is considered a fine practice game for both balkline and three-cushion billiards .
Today , straight rail play is not very common in the U.S. but it still popular in Europe , where it is thought to be a good practice game for balkline and three-cushion billiards .
The first three-cushion billiards tournament took place January 14-31 , 1878 in St. Louis , with McCreery a participant and New Yorker Leon Magnus the winner .
The first three-cushion billiards tournament took place January 14-31 , 1878 in C. E. Mussey 's Room in St. Louis , with McCreery taking part .
There is a large array of carom billiards disciplines .
There are many other carom billiards games that combine aspects of these games , but that are not as well known .