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[Luigi's Mansion] Why is this mansion filled with so much money? And why is it hidden in so many weird places, like in chandeliers or toilets? | 26 | Money in the Mario series carries with it magical properties. Note how collecting 100 coins will grant Mario the ability to rewind time and prevent his own death, or hitting Toads that have transformed into bricks will produce a stream of coins before transfiguring those Toads into a different type of block.
Luigi's Mansion was a mansion that "popped up out of nowhere" because King Boo created it with his magic. Because there is magic in money, and it requires a lot of magic to maintain a gigantic structure, we likely find lots of money in the mansion for one of three reasons: either A) King Boo collected all of this money and used its magic to create the mansion, B) the money acts as a sort of crystallized version of the magic emanating from the walls of the Mansion, taking on physical form in the shape of money over time, or C) this magical currency is the equivalent of ghost ectoplasm in the Mario universe; as the ghosts roam the hallways, the magic that they radiate turns into money that is then spread throughout the mansion. | 25 |
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ELI5: How do my electric guitar's pickups, together with my amp, create their sound? | 18 | Magnets. In simplest terms, the magnets in the pickups “pick up” disturbances in the magnetic field surrounding it, the capacitors and other electronics turn it into an electronic signal that is pushed through the amp which “amplifies” the signal into the speaker and our ears.
In more complex terms
The basic science behind pickup function is Faraday’s Law of Induction. It states that a changing magnetic field causes an electric field to be set up in a nearby wire, causing a current to flow if the wire is part of a closed circuit (a loop of wire for example).
Since Faraday’s Law tells us we need a changing magnetic field to make an electric current, how does the magnetic field from the static permanent magnets change? That’s where the string comes into play.
See, the string is made of nickel and steel (iron+carbon), materials that are ferromagnetic. That is, a magnet attracts guitar strings. When this ferromagnetic metal vibrates in the magnetic field of the pickup, that disturbs the field which also crosses through the coil. That changing magnetic field makes a current flow that tracks the vibration of the string, and we have a working pickup!
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ELI5: What is meant by the phrase "Nice guys finish last"? | 31 | It's a cynical statement that you can't win by playing by the rules, you have to have some kind of advantage, or be willing to bend rules (or outright cheat) to get by in whatever situation they're talking about.
It is used in different situations from career to romance. | 48 |
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[Batman] Does Joker have a lawyer on retainer for when he gets caught or does he go with a court appointed one? Does he have any kind of relationship with his representation? What’s that relationship like? | 802 | Pretty sure court appointed, or he’d demand to represent himself.
Of course if they were court appointed, could definitely see him killing the first few next time he escapes for not being able to get him off. Probably would be hard to find anyone to do it after that. | 486 |
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ELI5: Why is it that bad singers cannot recognise themselves as out of tune or off key when everyone else can instantly hear it? Makes even less sense because a bad singer can pick out other bad singers without any issues, yet they fail to hear how bad they are. | 24 | I think it is because when you are listening to someone sing (or talk,...), you hear the sound conducted through air, however when you hear yourself, not only do you hear the sound that goes through air, but also through your own body (mainly bones). And since bones have different sound properties than air, the pitch is different and the result in your ears might be perfect, yet unbearable for others. | 12 |
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CMV: It is completely possible to be racist to people of your own race | Racism:
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized
I hope the title is clear but more and more I'm coming across scenarios where people think it's OK to make a racist judgment/joke/argument and then defend it by saying "But I'm that race/background". In example I am White British, and it WOULD be racist of me to say I dislike White British people because of XYZ reasons, as i am making assumptions and generalising people based on their race.
Most recently someone at work was giving a presentation and did a silly little, classic Egyptian hieroglyphic dance thing. Someone passed a small comment that it's a bit stereotypical and unfunny and they responded with "I'm allowed to do that, I'm Egyptian" | 54 | This is called internalized racism. It’s well-documented. Was the aforementioned friend born and raised in Egypt or around Egyptian people? Because there’s a difference between using an ethnicity you might *be* but weren’t brought up in to justify stereotypes vs POC joking about their experiences in a way that would be racist coming from a white person.
Like, it’s pretty distasteful to make jokes about all the black people in the ‘hood’, but a black person who grew up in an impoverished area making jokes about other black people who also grew up in poverty is fine imo. | 27 |
eli5 How does the process of throwing up work? | I was driving about 20 minutes ago and I could feel myself about to throw up. I was less than a minute away from home and so I tried to hold it down but despite my best efforts it came up anyway and I had to open the door just seconds before spewing my guts out. Why aren't we able to hold it down? How does that bodily function work? | 15 | Your stomach is like a bag of fluid and mashed up food. It is surrounded by muscles that "squeeze" the bag. They usually just mash food around to help with digestion.
With throwing up, your body decides that it needs to get rid of your stomach contents (more on that later). It has all the muscles around your stomach squeeze hard. Picture a small Ziploc bag of water with a tube coming out the top, then you squeeze the bag hard in both hands. The contents has to shoot up the tube.
Why can't you stop it? Evolution has "decided" that over all when the situation is dire enough that you need to vomit (which is usually because you are being poisoned by something you ate), getting the poison out ASAP is more important than being able to choose where that happens. You can wash out your car or your carpet if you don't make it to the bathroom - but not if you're dead from whatever you've gone and eaten. | 25 |
CMV: The average American would lose to a Goose in a fight | Hi all, [after reading this link](https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thelondoneconomic.com/lifestyle/eight-per-cent-of-americans-think-they-could-beat-an-elephant-in-a-fight-269759/%3famp) I put a lot of thought into the average American’s fighting ability unarmed and found them… wanting. Now I know there have been no goose related deaths of a human on record (only two from mute swans as far as water foul goes) but there seem to have been plenty of broken bones anecdotally, and I’ve seen enough warnings about being wary of geese.
I am having trouble finding exact data on geese related injuries, so that is one way I could have my mind changed. If the data shows a clear record of man winning in unarmed fights, that would be fairly strong evidence.
I do think the *average* person has the sense to run from an approaching goose though, which could skew the data toward those not living in fear of our waterfowl overlords.
At the very least an American has no chance against a flying goose that attacks first, they can fly up to 60 mph, that hit alone from a dive bomb would take out the average man.
Anyway, change my mind! Make me feel safe from these feathery tyrants!
Edit: it’s been 3 hours, and I must work. I may be back to answer later.
Arguments I have already awarded deltas for:
1. Flying attacks are not a thing
2. Geese are very different from swans.
3. Videos of geese being beaten by average looking people
Edit: 4:30pm holy cow that’s a lot of responses, I am back.
Want to clarify I did say no weapons. Only unarmed.
I do consider backing off to be a loss so not necessarily to the death here. | 4,441 | If you are an adult and willing to wring it’s neck, the fight would be over in two seconds. If you are willing to grab any kind of weapon, the fight is over in 2 seconds. If you are willing to stomp it, the fight is over in two seconds. In a fight to the death, an adultish human almost always wins. | 1,852 |
[Matrix] Why doesn't anyone bother cleaning up the sky? | I just thought about this. During the big events during the Matrix I would imagine the humans wouldn't have had the capable or the time but the machines have free run of the planet. They could easily find a way to clear up the massive clouds blocking the sun so they could have a secondary power source.
| 107 | There's a theory that the "scorched sky" is actually a massive cloud of EMP generating nanomachines. This would explain why Neo's ship failed as it escaped into sunlight while he was trying to reach Machine City. It also makes sense as a protective measure by humanity to ensure that the machines never escape Earth. Given that humans had hover technology before the war, it's likely that they had extraterrestrial colonies, and when the war happened, they released the cloud to contain the machines to Earth. | 94 |
Why is it that there is no planet that orbits the sun in the opposite direction to the other planets? | 219 | All the planets in our solar system would have emerged from what's called a 'proto-planetary disk'. This was a fairly flat disk of gas (largely H and He) and dust (solid stuff, including rock-making stuff and, at farther distances, solid ices). The planets inherited how they orbit from the direction in which the disk rotated, which would have been about the same as the spin direction of the sun.
There are several observed cases where the one planet in the system rotates in almost the opposite sense to the sense in which the star is rotating (or at least in which the sense of the orbit and the sense of the star's spin are at some large angle relative to each other). In these cases the system went through some sort of violent upheaval or maybe the star somehow had a different spin than the proto-planetary disk. This topic is a hot area of ongoing research. | 84 |
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What causes raindrops to be different sizes? | I ask because when it rained today, I looked up at a streetlight and saw that rain was coming down in sheets though I was barely getting wet. What makes these drops so small as compared to when it rains and the drops are huge and get you soaked? | 35 | A raindrop gets bigger in the cloud by combining with other drops, also called coalescence. Coalescence happens in the air, and the cloud, so the raindrops that combine in the air, are larger than the ones that don't.
Another reason why raindrops vary in size is because a raindrop can be ripped into pieces on a windy day, creating tiny droplets of water that fall to the ground.
Hope this helped :) | 11 |
ELi5: When giant ships like the Titanic sink is there a whirlpool effect that can drag people under when the ship fills with water? Can someone please explain why or why not this would happen? | 42 | Let's get this out of the way.
The effect is a real thing that happens with large ships.
The Mythbusters did one small scale test, with a boat far too small for the effect to be noticeable.
There are many accounts and engineering studies showing that the effect happens.
You need a large ship such as the battleship HMS Hood, and it needs to go down fast (the Hood went down in a few minutes after it blew up)
As to why it works.
Ever move you hand through a pool of water?
Behind you hand there’s less water because your hand pushed it away, so water fills in that place. The water moving into fill that place is what’s sucking you down.
If your hand moves fast, the water has to move fast to fill the space.
Also there’s air trapped in a large ship that bubbles up to the surface as the ship goes down. In some cases, the bubbles make the water light enough to make it impossible to swim or float. The air going up also displaces water, causing it to rush in from the sides. | 71 |
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How do chemical reactions work on the quantum level? | I'm an undergrad student studying chemistry and biology where (especially in organic chemistry) we do a lot of "arrow pushing" (i.e. drawing arrows to signify where electrons travel during a chemical reaction). Earlier today I was watching a video in which Sean Carroll (physicist) goes on to explain how electrons actually form a "cloud" of probability around an atomic nucleus, where according to its wave function you can predict where you might find that electron if you went looking for it. He also stated, most importantly, that the electron is actually just a cloud of probability until you look for it, that the electron isn't anything more than a wave function until we look. What does that mean for my arrow pushing? If the electron is just a wave function does it collapse when chemical bonds are formed? What exactly goes on in this sense? | 17 | Arrow pushing is a way of visualizing the quantum processes. When you push two electrons from the valence shell of an atom to an "empty" orbital of another atom, these blend to make a new bond.
For example, you can take two electrons from an s orbital and put these into an empty s orbital of another atom. The spherical cloud of each s orbital then blends together to form an oblong sigma bond cloud of probability. The sigma bond is now just as the original s orbitals were a cloud that describes the probability of finding the two electrons in a given place.
Basically, the orbitals, which are clouds of probability, blend together when you push the arrows, so to speak, and create a newly shaped cloud of probability that spreads out between the two nuclei.
This is nicely illustrated by two p orbitals interacting. For example, if you are forming an alkene, you already have a sigma bond between the C atoms. The p orbitals then can interact, through for example beta elimination, and form a pi bond. The p orbitals' clouds of probability have an hourglass shape, and the resulting pi bond (or double bond) looks like hotdog bun that wraps around the sigma (single) bond with no probability of finding the electrons on the C--C axis, just as the p orbital has no probability of an electron at the center of the hourglass.
So a chemical reaction creates a new wave function (sigma bond), a new cloud of probability. Collapsing the wave function refers to observing where exactly the electron is at any particular moment. This means that you no longer have a cloud of probability, but an actual measured location for that electron. In a sigma bond, that electron could be found near one atom, near the other atom, or in between the two. | 18 |
Who's a bigger asshole, Joffrey or Feyd Rautha? | 16 | I have no idea where Joffery is headed, but as it stands now in the TV series vs the books, Feyd by a large margin. He was not only cruel, but trained to be so AND capable. Had someone of lower status slapped him, they'd have been slowly tortured to death. If he didn't have The Barons blessing, it would be known by the public and suspected by The Baron. If he did have his blessing, it would occur publicly.
Feyd has skill, he fought Muad'Dib and nearly won. Joffery uses his authority, but is still childlike in his abilities. | 16 |
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[WH40K] Do the Chaos Gods have an impact beyond our galaxy? | Do the Chaos Gods draw power from the hate/plotting/lust/rotting of beings all across the universe, or are they tied to our galaxy? If the latter, why?
For that matter, what about the Old Ones or other Warp-Beings? | 21 | We don't know. What little records we have on the Old Ones don't mention anything about their activities outside the galaxy. And the closest galaxy is still to far away to use warp travel (the chances of getting lost is too high). The only lifeform we know that comes from outside the galaxy are the Tyranids and they won't be talking anytime soon.
Although there was this one rumor; we sent out probes sometime during the Great Crusade and they came back filled with the chanting of Orks. | 31 |
Why is falsifiability no longer seen as the defining characteristic of science (as opposed to philosophy)? | I've heard from various people that falsifiability (falsificationism?) has become obsolete as a view in the philosophy of science, but I'm not sure I really understand what this means. From what I understand, it has to do with Karl Popper and the fall of logical positivism? Could someone explain this in more detail? Why would falsifiability be essential for something to be science?
Also, why is it taught (especially in the social sciences) as it *is* essential? | 27 | There's an old view in philosophy of science that a theory must make predictions liable to be disproved and that as soon as one of these predictions is shown false, that we ought to discard the theory (any sort of after-the-fact modifications are called 'ad hoc').
The problem is that any good theory usually starts and ends falsified, e.g. Newton's theory of motion originally was unable to describe the motion of the moon, and so by a falsificationist criteria it should have been disregarded almost immediately. Yet this would have been a mistake because in fact Newtonian mechanics was able to explain the orbit of the moon eventually.
On the other hand, when Einstein's theory came in, the reason for it's support was because it effectively described the perihelion of Mercury, a prediction that Newton's theory got wrong and which came to be considered a falsification of Newton's theory (though we had been comfortable with the fact that Newton's theory couldn't explain Mercury's perihelion for several centuries before this).
It is taught by the hard sciences because the anti-dogmatic image it depicts is flattering, it is taught by the social sciences because they want to see themselves as like the hard sciences. | 32 |
ELI5 why can a person's weight change +/- 5-10 pounds a day when they definitely aren't eating 5-10 pounds of food/water a day. Where does this extra mass/wight come from? | 16 | Don't underestimate the weight of food and especially water. A half gallon of water (the standard-even-if-derided recommended daily amount) weighs over 4 pounds. A hearty meal can weigh 1-2 pounds on top of that.
Not all of this material stays in the body long-term because we expel it as waste, but our body's capacity for storing water especially goes beyond the size of our bladders. Our cells literally get dehydrated overnight and will swell up with water over the course of the day. | 49 |
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[DC Comics] Does Superboy (Jon Kent) being half human limit his powers in anyway? | Does he have all the same powers as his Dad - the heat vision, the freeze breath etc. | 45 | Well, because he was still growing, it was assumed his powers, which are the same as his fathers, were still adapting, and that was why even if his other powers were still active, his invulnerability was imperfect. Later it was made clear this was due to the manipulations of Manchester Black. But due to his human genes and the fact he is still developing, he is in a different position than his father. On one hand, his powers fluctuate with his emotional states. On the other, because of that, he has the potential to be even more powerful than his father. | 48 |
ELI5: Why do we hear a rumbling sound when closing our eyes hard? | you just tried it didn't you | 254 | The action is causing you to tense your tensor tympani muscle. The rumble is produced by the contraction, twitching of the fibers. You can hear a similar rumble putting your wrist against your ear and balling up your fist tight, from the muscles in your wrist. | 161 |
CMV: The statement that an armed population has no chance against a conventionally armed and supplied military force is naive and incorrect. | I keep hearing the argument that civilian ownership of weapons is useless to combat tyranny because civilians cannot win against a military force. This flies in the face of universally accepted concepts of establishing an insurgeny. Many conflicts in the past 50 years have been exactly that and a good number of them have been successful to varying degrees. Also after a period of some time through training, establishing alliances, setting up supply lines and experience those former armed populations have for most intent and purposes transformed to become almost functioning military forces in their own right. Please show me the error of my reasoning and CMV.
Edit: Apparently I am trying to reinvent the wheel here as I am told that this is a common CMV that's been dealt with repeatedly. I apologize and will read those threads. My reddit search skills are poor I guess. Thank you to all who helped me see the holes in my logic. | 35 | I’d like to also point out that most of these “successful” insurgencies occurred in third world countries, which, unlike the U.S., did not already have a high tech surveillance state already in place. | 23 |
[Game of Thrones] Wouldn't giant Wun Wun demolish entire Bolton's army in Battle of the Bastards if only he had armor and any kind of club weapon? | 103 | If Wun Wun just threw logs and rocks as a artillery battery, could have pushed a giant mechanical push mower through the ranks, he could use fifty yards of chain and jump rope his way through divisions, etc. Wun Wun is juggxrnaught and that should with any coordinated support would be nightmarish to deal with. | 94 |
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If earth stopped rotating what temperature would the side facing the sun reach? | 262 | Keep in mind that if it stopped rotating entirely, there would still be one day per year as the Earth moved about its orbit. If you want one side to be permanently facing the sun, you want the Earth to be tidally locked with the sun. | 143 |
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[MCU] "That's my secret Cap. I'm always angry." What does Bruce actually mean by this? | I mean, he seems pretty chill most of the time. Was he actually seething at everyone and everything in the helicarrier the entire time, and for every part of the movie where he wasn't the Hulk? | 401 | Yep.
Banner is not mentally well. Even if he had never been exposed to gamma radiation he would be a walking basket case. His father was not a good man, his childhood was not healthy, and his neurosis would fill an entire diagnostic manual.
He covers this well. He seems like a happy, easygoing man. A nice guy. But he's not. Like many people with a traumatic past, Banner knows how to play a role. He knows how to hide his pain, and his fear, and his anger. People don't see him as a man on the edge, because he doesn't let them.
So they see Banner is a bomb with a wonky fuse. Poke it the wrong way and *boom*, you've got a medium to large disaster on your hands. His default state is "safe", but if things go wrong, he'll explode.
But Banner isn't the fuse. He's the failsafe.
Banner is *always* angry. The Hulk is *always* on the verge of taking control. He has to work to keep the monster at bay. And he's very, very good at it. So good that he can joke about it. So good that he can pretend he's about to lose control. So good that people are worried that he won't be able to summon the Hulk when he's needed.
But the Hulk doesn't have to be summoned. He's always there, always trying to escape. All Banner has to do is step out of the way. The anger will take care of itself. | 939 |
[General Sci-fi] How does gravity on space ships work? | I know how it works on ships that use centripetal force, but how does it work on most ships from Star Wars, Star Trek, Firefly, etc? | 43 | Usually via gravity generators that can produce gravity fields and/or whatever the force carrier particle for gravity is in that universe (gravitons, typically). Sometimes these fields/particles can be manipulated and projected elsewhere, such as from emitters in the deck plating, to make sure that 'down' is always towards the floor rather than whatever part of the ship the generator itself is. Handy when your ship is long, so your crew doesn't end up walking 'uphill' towards either end.
Some ships just use sheer acceleration to do it. In situations without FTL, travelling at a constant 1G of acceleration is usually the quickest and most comfortable way of handling long voyages where cryostasis isn't available. Technically, however, this isn't actually gravity in the same way that centripedal force isn't gravity. | 27 |
CMV: I would want to live forever if I had one wish. I see no downsides to it. | I have, for a long time, often thought about what I'd wish for if I had one wish...and the answer is always the same and it's always an easy one: I would want to live forever.
My logic points are these...
--First of all, I fear death. Death is one of my biggest phobias. Probably my biggest, in fact. I am so scared to die. I don't want to die. I know it will happen sometime and I am extremely afraid of it and worried regularly about it. If I had the power to live forever, that would no longer be a fear that is constantly weighing in my mind.
--I am mostly alone in this life. I don't have a significant other. I am 36 right now and I have no close family. My mom is still alive and I have three siblings, but two of those siblings I rarely see and the third I don't really get along well with. I don't have many ties to this world by way of relationships. I don't really have many real life friends. Saying this all because I expect the counter of "You would stay young while all who you cared about grew old around you" and "You'd lose everyone you loved one by one".
Even if there were people, and a lot of them, who I cared about...I think that if I lived forever that I would eventually get over losing them and I'd probably always find other friends/etc over time.
I'm sorry if this sounds selfish, but "I wish to live forever" isn't an overly selfish wish, IMO...I'd think it would be more common than people would think. Course, I could be wrong about that and that's another reason for this OP. I don't think that wish is a selfish one.
--As per point 2 above, I spend most of my time alone doing things like reading, watching videos on youtube, browsing sites like this and other addictive sites (site whose initials are TVT anyone?). Living forever would give me the time to do all of this...to keep watching my 100+ subscriptions on youtube (for as long as they put out videos--and when they stopped, finding new ones), to keep browsing topic after topic and sub after sub on here, to keep up to date on all of my FB friends (and when they all pass on, one by one, forging new FB friendships).
I would never be bored. I find great pleasure in doing these things and wish I had the surety of being able to do it infinitely.
--I love staying up to date on current events. I LOVE, LOVE, LOVE history and to be able to just....keep living through history and being a part of it would be wonderful. I mean, think of the 1200s. Compared to today, we have SO much stuff now. So many new inventions and great technology and interesting things and ideas and concepts coming out. Also cures and breakthroughs and that kind of stuff. But just think: In the year, say, 2500,....OUR YEAR NOW (2016) would look like 1200 did to us, in comparison. Just imagine how much farther along we'll be then. Unless nuclear war happens, that is. Yes, I'm aware of the Twilight Zone episode "Time Enough At Last" where he was the last man on earth...but I would be much like him: I would LOVE it and I don't NEED glasses to read!
--I suppose eventually the earth would end after the sun dies and becomes a supernova...and by that time, I may regret it if I'm just floating around in space forever after..... but that time wouldn't come for many millions of years still. To put it most honest and simple: I'm not worried about it right now.
So I think living forever would be the best and ultimate wish/dream come true. There may be major downsides to it (I've already listed some that I could think of here) or huge cons that I'm not thinking of at the moment...and it's definitely not rock solid set in stone opinion-wise.
Change my View. I'm open to seeing it in different ways or hearing out the cons, even if they're about ones I already know about, but just put in different ways or harsher degrees.
**EDIT:** I have had my mind, opinion and view successfully changed by two people with two different answers, both who gave solutions that I hadn't thought about prior to thinking all of this through. I have thanked them and awarded delta's accordingly.
Thank YOU to everyone who replied, however. You all brought up very good and interesting points, a lot of which I didn't think of before and you were all very kind and cordial for someone who was visiting here for the first time.
_____
> *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***[popular topics wiki](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/populartopics)*** *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 21 | If you are immortal, you chances of eventually being trapped are 100%.
If you can't die, then eventually something will happen that will trap you in a place.
I believe it was Alias that dealt with this idea.
A rock will fall on your arm while hiking or you will be buried alive in a cave, or frozen on a mountaintop. | 25 |
[Lord of the Rings] Where does the smoke go in an underground place like Moria? | It doesn't have to be Moria, it is just the most known example. Imagine an actual underground city in a medieval setting (so no electric lights, also not so much magic). You obviously need a lot of fire, or you just don't see a damn thing. Wouldn't they get a smoke poisoning sooner or later? The underground halls might be huge, but they're still closed rooms, the only openings would be tunnels.
I am asking this question, because I am in the process of creating such a city for my ficitonal world. And then it is an interesting question for fantasy worldbuilding in general, if you think about dungeons in video games and such. | 16 | The mountain above the city is full of air ducts that not only direct smoke out, but allow fresh air inside. Many of them are artfully carved so as to blend seamlessly into the rock above everyone's heads, or are part of the buildings around everyone. Small curves in the vents would also prevent sunlight and rain/snow from falling into the settlement.
They are so numerous and relatively small that the amount of smoke released by each vent is negligible, and thus the mountain doesn't appear to be wreathed in smoke at all times.
Keeping these vents clear would be a massive and endless job, but the constant maintenance would ensure that nothing clogs and ends up killing all of the inhabitants. | 22 |
ELI5: why isn't the US happy about Russia being in Syria? Isn't it good for us if they crush ISIS at their expense and with their soldiers? | 77 | There is a pretty complicated war going on. It's more complex than this, but there are essentially 3 sides fighting at once:
FSA - Rebels against Syrian government, USA-backed
Assad Syria - Syrian government, Russia-backed
ISIS - Radical muslim, both USA and Russia enemies
When the USA fights ISIS, they of course focus on fighting them in ways that benefit the FSA... attacking ISIS forces threatening FSA, etc. Russia, however, fights ISIS in ways to hurt the FSA and support Assad Syria.
So, while both USA and Russia are anti-ISIS, they are also indirectly fighting against each other by supporting their side in the war. | 66 |
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[Blade Runner 2049] Nexus-9 models are known for obedience. How was K able to go against his orders? | 22 | He was obedient, but he’s still intelligent, sentient.
Give a sentient person reasonable cause to believe their entire life is a lie, and they they aren’t actually a replicant but a human being, and they are capable of exceeding their programming.
In short, K had such an intense existential Android crisis that it overrode whatever his baseline programming was. His baseline tests he gets at the police station show he is capable of going “off mission” because otherwise they wouldn’t test for it. | 35 |
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CMV: I believe planned obsolescence is wrong | Planned obsolescence is a manufacturing decision by a company to make consumer products in such a way that they become out-of-date or useless within a known time period so that consumers are forced to buy a product multiple times rather than just once. I believe it is betraying the structure of free market economy. It is just using its rules to stay for as long as a company would. Looking at from a customer's perspective this can be really hurtful. For example, fast fashion is always being promoted as very useful and stylish. Chanel sells a bag at a very high price, but Bershka can produce a very similar knockoff, isn't it amazing? But surprise, even you wear it a few times in a week, it's going look very bad in a year and you will no longer want to use it.
When you look at the producer's perspective, it is reasonable that you want to keep the business going all the time so you need a factor to keep your products selling. But customer won't always accept this and they might turn into new alternatives. I'm open to every perspective of this issue. I really wanted to talk about it in automotive and mobile sector but I don't know strong arguments about them.
EDIT: I think I made a mistake by giving an example from fashion. Let's say you just read the sole definition of PO. Would you think it is right? I believe Apple making iPhones go slower with every update is wrong.
EDIT2: I don't know if it's against the CMV's format, but I'd rather discuss this issue in the definition of it, not examples. When we talk about examples I feel like this is a game where both sides are trying to come up with something different. | 53 | I think there's a fine line between intentionally creating a product to be useless after a period of time, and not prioritizing longevity.
For instance, that bag wears out more quickly because it's made of cheaper materials with less quality control. That allows them to sell it for less money, which many consumers value.
When companies don't prioritize longevity, it's generally for some reason that supplies something else consumers value, like a lower price. While fast fashion sellers may be happy that consumers buy new stuff when the old things wear out, that isn't the sole motivation behind their manufacturing decisions. They're also providing value with those decisions as in the example of a lower price point. | 16 |
[Greek Mythology] How did Cronos know what a horse was? | The first centaur Chiron was conceived when Cronos took the form of a horse and slept with an Oceanid. But Poseidon didn't invent horses until much later. | 15 | He just transformed into a random fleshy shape. He wasn't thinking of a specific animal, just some random traits and a big penis. If anything Poseidon ripped him off and took credit.
Or because they're gods, and the fact he's the god of time, it works differently for them than mortals. | 35 |
ELI5: When transferring money between banks, where is it when it is not in either account? | When I transfer money from one bank to another (whether by check or electronic transfer), there is always some period of time when the money is in neither account. Where is it? Who has it? Can they do anything with it (e.g. loan it out for an hour)? | 31 | It's still in the first account, but it's flagged by most computer systems as "not usable" to prevent overdrafting. If there were some error and the transaction didn't go through, it would remain in the original account.
The "in between" state is there because most banks immediately tag the money as "gone" so that users can get a clearer picture of their finances. And the "receiving" bank doesn't list the money in their system until it arrives, just in case there's a problem and the transaction doesn't go through. This way, nobody accidentally spends money that they don't have. | 37 |
[LOTR] Were the hobbits created by Ilúvatar, or were they an offshoot of another race, similar to the orcs and elves? If they were children of Ilúvatar, why was Sauron unaware of them until Smeagol's first trip to Mordor? | When telling the story of the ring to Frodo, Gandalf says:
>'Yes, alas! through him the Enemy has learned that the One has been found again. He knows where Isildur fell. He knows where Gollum found his ring. He knows that it is a Great Ring, for it gave long life. He knows that it is not one of the Three, for they have never been lost, and they endure no evil. He knows that it is not one of the Seven, or the Nine, for they are accounted for. He knows that it is the One. And he has at last heard, I think, of hobbits and the Shire.
which seems to imply that Sauron was not previously aware of hobbits. Wikipedia claims that they are an offshoot of men, citing this passage:
> It is plain indeed that in spite of later estrangement Hobbits are relatives of ours: far nearer to us than Elves, or even than Dwarves. Of old they spoke the languages of Men, after their own fashion, and liked and disliked much the same things as Men did. But what exactly our relationship is can no longer be discovered. The beginning of Hobbits lies far back in the Elder Days that are now lost and forgotten. Only the Elves still preserve any records of that vanished time, and their traditions are concerned almost entirely with their own history, in which Men appear seldom
and Hobbits are not mentioned at all. Yet it is clear that Hobbits had, in fact, lived quietly in Middle-earth for many long years before other folk became even aware of them. And the world being after all full of strange creatures beyond count, these little people seemed of very little importance. But in the days of Bilbo, and of Frodo his heir, they suddenly became, by no wish of their own, both important and renowned, and troubled the counsels of the Wise and the Great.
but this is a pretty disappointing explanation considering how otherwise thorough Tolkien was in his worldmaking. They are nowhere mentioned in the Silmarillion that I recall, though I suppose that was intended to be written from the Elves' point of view. Was there a "sundering" of men and hobbits, like that of the Eldar and Avari? | 84 | Hobbits are a product of genetic drift in an isolated population of Men. At some point a small group, perhaps three or four extended family clans, were separated from the rest of Arda somewhere around the Anduin River valley.
One or more of the traits that distinguish hobbits as hobbits - short stature, large hairy feet, prolonged adolescence (aka neoteny) - appeared as random mutations within a family. Due to the small population size, these traits became fixed, i.e. they were inherited by all individuals in the valley within a few generations.
Once this tribe of proto-hobbits became differentiated, their unusual features would be a deterrent for interbreeding with other groups of Men. This would result in the fixation of further mutations, eventually resulting in the halfling races seen in the Third Age. | 45 |
[Independence Day] Was Russel really abducted by the aliens? | Russel famously was...sexually...abused/probed by aliens, or so he says. He certainly seems to believe it, since he announces "I'm back" when he destroys the first ship.
Were the aliens really conducting programs of this kind prior to the invasion? And would they return someone they'd abducted? Why? I got the impression that they arrived - and attacked - rather suddenly. I know one crashed at Roswell - was that part of the science program? An advanced scout? | 85 | The novelization explores some of this. At first, Casse doesn't recognize the aliens. Later he realizes this is because of their exosuits, as they look exactly as he remembers them once they are out of the suits. | 63 |
What would happen to honey in high gravity? | I was wondering how would a liquid with higher viscosity react to a planet with higher gravity (like honey). Would it drizzle slowly? Or would it flow like water flows on Earth? | 33 | It should flow more freely in a higher gravity field - and, to continue that train of thought, it should flow more slowly in a lower gravity field (on the Moon, for example). Adding honey to your tea on the Moon could take a while. | 19 |
What happens when a sound wave encounters a vacuum? | We know that sound doesn't travel through a vacuum, but something has to happen to the energy of the sound wave when it hits a vacuum. Does it bounce back in the opposite direction? If so, what prevents spacecraft from constantly ringing like a bell? I'm guessing the sound energy will eventually become heat, but doesn't this take some time? | 59 | Sound reflects off a perfect vacuum with a 180º phase shift. As a result the sound energy is perfectly reflected back.
Spacecrafts do, in fact, have to deal with this problem since they don't radiate any sound energy it gets trapped. However, the sound energy can get dissipated as heat in the materials of the craft. | 59 |
[DC/General Superhero] Is the evidence provided by superheroes against my client legal? | I just became a lawyer at an elite and high-pressure law firm. (My replacement left because of some specter thing. I wasn’t paying attention to his rambling because I was too stunned by the salary offer.)
Anyhow, my first client is Lex Luthor and I’m concerned by the evidence against him. The charges against him are that he was trying to manipulate time to wipe Clark Kent from existence.
First, a lot of evidence stems from using Wayne Industries technology. Bruce Wayne is on record publicly attacking Mr. Luthor on multiple occasions.
Also, this ‘evidence’ is verified by a detective named John Jones. The problem is that I can’t find much evidence about this detective. It is like he just appeared on Earth a few years ago, because there is no proof that he existed before hand.
The prosecutors are claiming that they are going to bring in Superman as a witness to Luthor’s crimes. However, I’ve been given no evidence that explains how Superman knew Luthor was going to commit a crime.
I can go on and on, but it seems like all the evidence that is being brought against my client either comes from a heavily biased source or simply can’t be confirmed by outside sources.
So, can any of this evidence actually be used in a court of law? | 33 | The evidence is absolutely *admissible*. Admissible just means that the jury can be presented it. Your job is to create doubt. Just because Mr Wayne hates your client, that doesn’t mean the jury will be prevented from hearing his testimony. You need to create doubt by your cross-examination of the witnesses, and by presenting your own evidence.
Source: am a lawyer.
Though as far as I’m aware, “manipulating time so that a person never existed” isn’t a crime. You could argue it’s akin to murder, but as far as the rest of the world goes it’s basically voodoo jumbo jumbo that shouldn’t work. | 46 |
ELI5: what is happening to your brain when you can only think of thing obsessively? | This usually happens when you break up with someone, or when you do something stupid in front of people you respect and so on.
What happens or gets "switched" that forces you to relate every last little thought in your brain about that incident or person?
Train of thought: I should go make dinner. She would love this dinner, why did she leave, things I would say to her, I should go make dinner now
Why does the brain stick to a loop? What is exactly happening?
**edit: sorry I just realized I entirely a whole word in the title** | 30 | Oh man you stumbled upon a very hard question
We are social beings, and we want to cause the best impression we can, aswell as live as happily as possible
We associate our significant others with happyness, and releases of hormones that make us feel good (endorphines) serve to further down that feeling
Now when something does not go our way, we experience a breakdown of sorts, your brain realizes that the source of those hormones is gone and that good feeling, wheter it is a girl, or social admiration is no longer there, we want to correct it, and it will spend hours and hours on it.
Another reason is because we are creatures of habits, we like routines, and we stick to them, and when something like that happens, it breaks our routines and unless you can fill in the ''void'' with new people/habits, it becomes rather hard to let go, and easy to become attached to the past in a very obsessive way
This is barely scratching the surface of this topic, but i hope ive given you the basis on witch you can go out and do some digging of your own into human psychology | 12 |
Why does the Fed print money to buy financial assets instead of distributing that money directly to the people? | Since March, the Federal Reserve has printed around $3 trillion and used all of that money to buy U.S. treasuries and corporate bonds, effectively bailing out the failed investments of wealthy investors (similar to how the Fed bought mortgage-backed securities in 2008 while ignoring the homeowners who lost their homes).
**If this $3 trillion were instead distributed directly to households, each household would've received \~$24,000**, an enormous boon given that the bottom 48% of U.S. households have a *negative* net worth, and 60% of Americans can't cover an emergency $500 expense [\[1\]](https://inequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf).
Why does the Federal Reserve only use its magical printing press powers to bail out Wall Street and rich people, while ignoring the broke masses? If the Fed really wanted to stimulate the economy, why not distribute this printed money directly to the people instead of to buying financial assets from Wall Street banks and rich people? (Even Milton Friedman coined the term [helicopter money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicopter_money) 50 years ago.)
*EDIT: Please do NOT downvote comments simply because you disagree with them. The purpose of the downvote button is to downvote off-topic, irrelevant, and/or toxic comments that do not add to the discussion, not to censor opposing viewpoints. As I write this each of my responses to the top 3 comments in this thread have been auto-hidden due to all the downvotes, which is absurd and makes it practically impossible to have any real balanced discussion. Clearly I'm not the only one curious about this topic, let's not censor the discussion.* | 92 | Because it's not within their mandate. Their mandate is price stabilization and full employment. They are fighting deflationary pressures, thus the QE programs. Also, by creating liquidity it may get companies to take on new projects and hire too (though this hasn't really happened).
Fiscal programs such as wealth redistribution are not in their wheelhouse. That's up to Congress. And good luck there. | 119 |
What do PhDs in Philosophy do? | Hi all,
If I were to get a PhD in, say, Math or Science, I would have to take an unsolved problem and solve it sufficiently cleverly to earn a PhD thereby extending the boundary of knowledge.
What about Philosophy? What are its unsolved problems and what counts as solving it sufficiently cleverly? Could you indicate recent PhD dissertation topics in the area of philosophy and how they have extended the boundary of knowledge in the 21st century? | 21 | Philosophers work in a number of broad areas of inquiry.
A lot of philosophical work is concerned with the formal conditions of saying or thinking anything whatsoever. This can involve, with various emphasis: formal logic and related areas in mathematics, informal logic, rhetoric, and philosophy of language. This sort of work has implications for just about any theoretical work in any discipline, and contributions from this kind of work span from the material of a freshman course in critical thinking to fundamental mathematics.
There's also a lot of philosophical work that is involved in conceptual analysis, trying to clarify the meaning or significance of concepts drawn from everyday language or from specialized disciplines. So philosophers doing this sort of work might be interested in studying things like what we mean when we say someone knows something or should be held responsible for something, or they might be interested in studying things like what role the concept of *species* has in biological explanations, or what role *function* has in psychology explanations. This sort of work involves numerous "Philosophy of..." fields, such as philosophy of biology or philosophy of psychology, as well as a general program of conceptual analysis that might be organized topically, for instance a philosopher might be particularly interested in conceptual analysis pertaining to epistemology or ethics.
There's also a lot of philosophical work that's concerned with the study of values, particularly of truth, goodness, and beauty, leading to the fields of epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. In a sense, this kind of work is like conceptual analysis, and there is often a lot of overlap between, for instance, a conceptual analysis of morality or obligation, and the axiological study of ethics. But values are of particular interest to philosophers as they seem to be important notions, but notions which escape the grasp of descriptive enterprises like science. If this is so, then we need people who develop a particular expertise in thinking critically about the nature and meaning of value judgments, and this has always been a traditional role of philosophy.
There's also a lot of work in philosophy on systematic or architectonic concerns, for example inquiring into the relationship between various sciences, or between scientific activities and non-scientific activities. Specialized disciplines like physics or psychology have tended to develop by breaking off one particular aspect of the world and developing methods particularly suited to studying that aspect. We've had a lot of success with this, but it raises the systematic or architectonic question of what relation the various sciences have to one another, as well as what relation the sciences have to non-scientific activities. This question is important, so again we need people thinking critically about this, and this has been another traditional role of philosophy. This sort of work is typically associated with metaphysics, but in the modern period also, increasingly, with epistemology and the philosophy of science, or sometimes more broadly, with philosophical anthropology and the philosophy of culture.
Related both to this systematic project and to conceptual analysis is high-level or theoretical work in the sciences. There are philosophers involved in the "Philosophy of..." fields who often also have a background in the other field, for example in physics, and do the kind of work we would associate with theoretical studies in that discipline, for example some philosophy of physics overlaps with theoretical physics itself. While similar to conceptual analysis, this sort of project can go further and include, for example, syntheses, interpretations, criticisms, analyses, and defenses of various scientific theories and methodologies.
Some philosophers are also particularly concerned with applying knowledge from the humanities and the social sciences to practical problems in policy and society. This sort of work can involve things like consulting on policy relating to multiculturalism or things like supporting economic or social activism. This sort of active orientation is particularly associated with critical theory, but philosophers from various orientations and with various interests may have such projects.
Another field philosophers work in is the history of ideas. Philosophers doing this kind of work tend to combine something of a historian's expertise with the thought of a past era with typically philosophical concerns about value, conceptual analysis, theoretical science, etc. Working in the history of ideas, philosophers might contribute to our understanding of topics like the history of democracy, or might contribute to something like the debates about the relation between science and religion.
I hope this provides a decent picture of the sort of general projects which philosophers work on. If you survey something like the list of dissertation topics which /u/ReallyNicole has provided, you should recognize particular examples of these various sorts of projects. | 22 |
CMV: Decorative glitter/sparkles below a certain diameter should be legally defined as a microplastic pollutant and controlled. | **My view:**
Glitter and sparkles, below a certain diameter, pose enough ecological, ethical, and human health problems to warrant legal control.
**My reasons:**
1. Ecological- Glitter and sparkles are ostensibly no different than [microbead plastics](https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/microbead-free-waters-act-faqs) which were banned for ecological concerns. Microbeads were traveling through the water systems and ending up in the guts of fish. Glitter and sparkles, while visually distinct, are used in many of the same aplications. Glitter, along with its many other applications, is used in bath bombs and make-up, both of which end up in the sink.
2. Ethical- Glitter and sparkles do not ask for consent. Everyone knows that glitter and sparkles get everywhere and are almost impossible to fully remove. It's so well known, that [Mark Rober used glitter and sparkles as a non-lethal booby trap](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4T_LlK1VE4) against porch pirates. Glitter can leave whatever surface it is on and attach itself to you. Pick up one piece of glitter paper, or a Christmas ornament you didn't know had glitter on it? Well, now it's on your hands and everything else you touch. Washing your hands vigorously rarely removes all the glitter, and it now is going back to problem 1. You've washed microplastics into the ocean. Cool. If you don't get the glitter off your hands, it can end up in your food, on your phone, in your electronics, in your clothes, and maybe even in your personal projects, paintings, or other work. While glitter *can* be sealed, preventing the non-consensual spread, it rarely is. I have had to throw out entire reams of paper because glitter touched them and now I can't put them through my printer without damaging it.
Subpoint- imagine it was legal to leave a wet layer of paint on merchandise in the store. The paint MAY be dry, it MAY not be dry. You don't know until you touch it. That sounds insane, right? Well, it's the same thing with glitter. You don't know if it's sealed until you touch it, at which point it's too late.
3. Health- Glitter has been known to be a [health hazard and can be lethal](https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19943746/woman-with-glitter-stuck-in-eye/), or at least dangerous, if not treated quickly. Glitter and sparkles below a certain diameter can end up consumed, adding to [microplastics that are](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/aug/17/microplastic-particles-discovered-in-human-organs#:~:text=People%20are%20also%20known%20to,traces%20of%20plastic%20in%20tissue.) already building up in our systems. It's inarguable that glitter and sparkles, by their very shape and size, are not contributing to this problem.
**What will not change my mind:**
*Whataboutism arguments saying*, "Well this thing is also a microplastic, should that not be controlled?" I would simply say, "yes, it should. " I believe microplastics and other plastic waste is a danger on all fronts and should have more controls.
*Claims that glitter can be easily cleaned and managed* if you "just do this...". No. It really can't. Companies often do not seal their glitter products. If glitter was easy to control and remove, then it wouldn't be used as an annoying trap.
*Victim blaming* statements like, "just don't buy glitter products". Even if you went through life not buying or purposely touching glitter, you would still touch it at some point. It's on art supplies, children's toys, and knickknacks. It's in holiday decorations, soaps, makeup, and cheap T-shirts. If a product on the shelf is within two or three feet of something with glitter on it. It will also be contaminated.
*Sentimental* arguments like "glitter is pretty" or "it's useful for decoration". I did not say ALL glitter should be a controlled substance, just below a certain diameter. It should not be possible to pick up extremely fine glitter particles (diameter TBD) without also purchasing a sealer or other substance to manage the application and spread of the glitter. It should not be possible to buy fine glitter particles in any basic store like Walmart. It should be an 18+ product purchased at a more specialized store, similar to how flammable substances are handled. If someone wants to decorate with glitter, I would absolutely say that they can, but only with larger particles that are more easily seen and managed. Additionally, companies could still use glitter in products but MUST be required to seal those products with a varnish or glue.
**Things that WILL change my mind:**
Evidence that a law already exists to curtail the current use of glitter and sparkles.
Evidence that glitter and sparkles are *all* biodegradable, and currently do not pose a microplastic threat. (Although this does not address the other two concerns) They must break down in the environment to a sufficient degree that they do not pose a threat.
Evidence that legal control of microplastic substances is ineffective and that more harsh measures should be used. We all know that companies will do what they must to make a buck, so it's likely that any law about glitter or sparkles would be circumvented quickly. Evidence that a legal restriction, like the one on microbeads, would be ineffective would help change my view, but it would only make me feel more strongly that glitter and sparkles are dangerous and problematic.
Evidence that glitter and sparkles are used in scientific applications to such a degree that easy access to them is requisite for some very important task.
Evidence that glitter is not a health risk to humans in any way, and that previous examples of glitter damaging humans, or contributing to human microplastic contamination is not happening.
Other logical arguments I haven't thought of.
Thank you for reading- Please change my view.
(No TLDR because I don't want to waste time answering questions that have been answered in my post)
Edit: I am seeing many responses that are not taking into account some of the details of my position. I am NOT suggesting the outright ban of glitter in any sense. I am suggesting that it be controlled in some way. HOW it is controlled is up for debate as is whether or not it truly needs to new controlled, but that, admittedly, is a harder view to sway.
Edit2: thank you for you responses and thoughts. It's been a good conversation and I have some new perspectives. I can't respond anymore at this time but I will read the responses later when I can.
Edit 3: I responded to a couple more posts and gave deltas as needed. My view has changed quite a bit. I definitely see the glitter situation as part of a larger issue of plastic waste this view has been enforced.
I now know a little more about what microplastics are and where they come from.
I see a "sin tax" as a better alternative than an EPA-style control.
I now know there is already legislation in California that handles the use of glitter in some fashion.
Thank you all! Turning off notifications so my phone stops blowing up. | 8,395 | The time and effort involved to legislate glitter would be a waste because it’s not a substantial enough problem. Most of the micro plastic comes from plastic refuse breaking down in the environment. Banning glitter would not help our micro plastic problem in a substantial way, would waste energy and resources, and would give people a false sense of having made progress, which will impede real progress. | 559 |
[Star Wars] why do Yoga and Old Ben Kenobi try to get Luke to kill Vader and not the Emperor? | Just watching ROTJ and it occurred to me that Obi Wan and Yoda never pressure Luke into killing ol' Sheev but they have it in for Vader. Obviously Anakin betrayed the order but why do they not tell him about the Emperor? | 18 | That is a genuinely good question and it is one that needs a multiple part answer.
* The jedi are blinded by their hate of the traitor Darth Vader, and they don't see him as redeemable
* The emperor sits on the throne while vader does the leg work, the jedi do not care about the rebellion so they
think eliminating vader will do the most good.
* Becoming powerful enough to kill vader would be a big stepping stone to being powerful enough to kill the emperor. | 32 |
ELI5: Why do extremely tall people have higher mortality rates? | 26 | Because doorways aren't high enough for them and eventually they bump their heads one too many times.
On a serious level though - this is a developmental defect. Organs don't scale the same way as body size does when it comes to supporting larger organisms, but humans don't have the necessary systems in place to make organs in the right way to properly allow for larger humans, so an exceptionally tall person is making do with organs that aren't quite efficient enough for their body's needs. Most importantly, gigantism is typically caused by overproduction of growth hormone. This makes the heart thicker, but doesn't make it bigger, so it just has a really hard time moving enough oxygen and other blood around the body. Eventually, it'll have worked so hard that it fails, which is the most common form of death in gigantic people. | 44 |
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ELI5: Why is it that television shows from Britain seem to appear different than American tv shows? | Can't quite put my finger on it... something to do with the cameras? | 29 | Couple things would give it a different look. First, they use PAL rather than NTSC. Pal uses 25 fps while ntsc uses 30 so pal will look more cinematic while ntsc will look more fluid. Also color encoding differences between pal and ntsc.
When we in the U.S. watch a Britcom or other material produced in the UK, there will be some kind of conversion that takes place. The difference you see is mostly because of the conversion process.
The above refers to analog signals. Digital signals typically look more consistent between US and UK. Take a show like The Graham Norton show. It looks like it's produced in the US. The colors are on, no frame rate adjustment... All good.
Btw the frame rate (25 vs 30) is due to the in-country electrical system. In the U.S., our AC runs at 60Hz. While in the UK, they run at 50Hz. So the frame rate is a multiplier of the AC cycles.
If you're looking for less subtle differences, they spell things differently. So you'll see honor spelled honour; color spelled colour; and other spelling variances. | 16 |
CMV: It is immoral to ban sweatshop labor | Let's set one thing straight: I would never, ever, ever want to work in a sweatshop factory. I don't think anyone wants to. The pay is not good, the hours are long, the labor is hard. But I am privelaged enough to live in a first world country where I don't have to work in these poor conditions.
But what If I were living in a third world country? In that case, the best job available would be at a sweatshop factory. Sure, my life would suck, but it would suck a lot more without the option to work at the factory. I would be able to have a job besides agriculture, I might even be able to get into the middle class. Maybe I won't. But if I don't like my job, I can always go back to being a farmer - whether or not I decide to take the job is my choice.
Who are we to tell the people of this country that we know what's best for them more than they do, to tell them that they can no longer work where they want? How is this any different than the so-called "White Mans burden" of imperialism in the 19th century, where we forced native people to abandon their tradition to become more "civilized". Once again, (mainly) white people are trying to force (mainly) non-white people to do things their way.
If we truly care about these people living in third world countries, then we should start giving the people more money, and letting more of them immigrate to our countries, so that they can find better jobs than sweatshop factories. If we give them the oppurtunity for better work, of course they will leave the sweatshop factory. But simply eliminating sweatshop labor rather than providing a better alternative would be like PETA forcing the San Diego Zoo to starve their lions because they don't want the zoo to feed meat to the lions.
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> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 20 | The people working in sweatshops, the people running the sweatshops and the people profiting from the sweatshops are not the same.
No one wants to work at a sweatshop, they do it because they have no other choice. The fact that they have no other choice isn't just a tragic reality of life in developing countries. It is a situation actively created and maintained by the people running and profiting from the sweatshops. Those people are the local elite of the country in question and the multinational corporations that they do business with respectively.
We used to have sweatshops in developed countries. We don't anymore. Are we worse off for ending the practice here? Of course not. Thanks to globalization, we are already very involved in the business of sweatshops. It is more racist to say that people in developing countries don't want or deserve the same protections that we take for granted. | 33 |
Difference between antibodies made after infection and antibodies made after vaccination? | When someone is infected by Covid-19 what part(s) of the virus does their immune system make antibodies against? I’m aware that the mRNA vaccine will be translated into the spike protein so that our immune system will make antibodies against that. I’m assuming that when getting infected by the virus our bodies make antibodies against numerous parts of the virus. But considering antibodies only protect people for a few months, it probably targets parts of the virus that mutate very often and the amount of spike protein antibodies made are too few to offer lasting protection? | 33 | Disclamer: Don’t quote me on this one.
It’s been shown that the most effective antibodies that neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus are antibodies that bind against the s-protein on the surface of teh virus, which is the protein that the virus SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect our cells. For the most part, it seems that people infected with the virus will make antibodies that will recognize the s-protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2. Now, the virus does have other surface proteins that our immune cells could recognize and form antibodies against as well, so there is the chance that your immune system could make antibodies against sars-cov-2 that do not necessarily bind against the s-protein.
The vaccine will induce your cells to produce and present the s-proteins, allowing your immune system to respond to it and make antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 s-protein. | 15 |
[MCU] Which part did Steve Rogers sing in his barbershop quartet: tenor, bass, baritone, or lead? | 69 | Hmm. Unlike princess Vespa, he doesn't seem like a base. And he doesn't want it to be all about him. For that reason and because he was so self-effacing, he's not the Lead either.
He wasn't a big guy so I'd say Tenor. After taking the serum his voice probably changed for the deeper, so I'd think him a baritone now.
Does anyone know the actor's voice range? - That's probably nail it down. | 45 |
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So, the universe is ever expanding. Does that also mean that the distance between our planets in our solar system will also slowly drift apart? | (I'm not exactly sure what to put in here that would have any relevance. Sorry.) | 20 | The answer is no. That's because the rate of expansion is too small to affect such closely gravitationally bound objects. The expansion can have an effect on the maximum size of a galaxy, but for a solar system the effect is way too small.
Here are some numbers. Hubble's law for the expansion is that v=d*H. v being the velocity the two objects are moving away from one another, d their separation, and H Hubble's constant. H is ~70 km/s/Mpc (Mpc = Megaparsec = 3.26 million light years). The Earth is about 93 million miles from the Sun, that's only 4.85x10^-12 Mpc. Using Hubble's law that gives a velocity of ~1.2x10^-6 km/h = 1.2 mm/h. And that's if expansion of the universe is the only factor. Which it isn't. This expansion is dwarfed by the gravitational attraction. | 15 |
ELI5: Where did our time keeping system come from? How did it become so popular? | From which Civilization does the idea of having 24 hours a day, and 60 minutes in an hour come from? How did it become the global standard for time keeping? What were some alternatives that were used before? | 44 | The Egyptians divided the day in 24 parts, allegedly because they used a numerical system that used 12 as a base (Egyptians used to count joints on each finger with their thumb, so they could count to twelve using one hand). Also, they used a set of 36 stars, 12 which were only visible in complete darkness.
Greek astronomers used different influences from different cultures. Whereas the 24-hours division of the day came from Egyptians, the Greeks used techniques from the Babylonians, who had a sexagesimal system (a numerical system with the base of 60).
Hipparchus later divided the map of the world in sections of 360 degrees. Ptolemy (Claudius) would later expand on his work and divided each degree in 60 parts (partes minutae primae, or first minute) and each of these parts in 60 more parts (partes minutae secondae), or second minute, or second. It was not until the 16th century that this system was introduced in actual time-keeping. | 29 |
[ELI5] What is whole grain? | What is whole grain and what does it mean? | 34 | When most companies make bread flour, they usually use just one small part of the wheat grain, called the endosperm, because that makes bread feel softer and look whiter. "Whole grain" means they use most of the rest of the wheat grain (not just the endosperm, but the germ and the bran, too), so you get more nutrients and fiber. | 27 |
CMV: European countries shouldnt have any obligation to invite refugees | 1. US and Russia dont participate in this "humanitarian" campaign even though their doings in Syria are the main cause of the ongoing war. So why should EU be the one to invite refugees?
2. Refugees draw in terrorists. Now, I dont mean that they ARE terrorists. The problem is that every country which houses refugees gets targeted by ISIS. Thats because ISIS wants to increase the already high tension between European citizens and refugees. But whatever the cause, the equation still stands true: where there are refugees, there are terrorist acts.
3. Refugees are no longer good for the economy. They used to be, for a brief while, due to aging society in e.g. Germany. But now they're just straining the social system that is already in a pretty bad state (e.g. in Poland)
Now, I know of the whole humanitarian rhetoric of helping people whose country is getting torn apart by war. But I also know that every single person who says "Refugees welcome!", would be deathly afraid of terrorist attacks if a large number of refugees lived in their city.
Hence why its hard for me not to see people that are very welcoming of refugees as hypocrites or just plain ignorant.
I'd like to note that Im actually left wing in terms of political and social views (free healthcare, equality, tolerance of other sexualities etc.), but the refugees are the one issue in which I support the stance of right wing parties. | 53 | They have an obligation because they played a major part in destablising these areas. France, Germany, Britian, and the Netherlands especially played massive roles throughout Africa and the Middle East in what is one of the biggest causes of the destablisation.
Also, nearly every terror attack that has occured in Europe or in Britian has been done by a second generation legal immigrant (not refugee as of yet). That means their whole life they were brought up in their country of residence and were born there. | 42 |
Belief in Hell is incompatible with that of an all-loving God. CMV. | I believe this because I cannot conceive of any act or crime that would warrant eternal torture. I believe that the idea of a physical place where a human being/soul experiences *infinite pain* is the most horrifying concept imaginable. I do not believe that you can defend the omnibenevolence of a God who would consider this a just punishment in any case.
EDIT: Since many people have offered the argument that Hell is not a physical place, I should clarify that for the sake of this argument we are assuming that it is.
EDIT 2: Thanks for all the comments :) I'm glad that of all the colourful definitions of Hell, the idea of a physical place is not widely-accepted. I was simply curious when I posed the question whether anyone supported this view and felt they could justify it. | 129 | It should be noted that no one has to go to hell. Christian teaching states everyone can go to heaven if they truly repent before God. Only those who refuse to do so, and ergo want to go to hell, go there.
It is also not a place of eternal torture. That belief is severely outdated amongst the modern church. It is simply a state of being meaning a complete separation from God.
| 26 |
CMV: Economics is a failed science | **Science** is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
**Economics** is the social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
I contend that whilst Keynesian and the Chicago school had some enlightening value during the 20th century, recent macroeconomics have
1. had no predictive value in this century
2. failed to provide any useful post-mortem analyses of financial crises
3. created no concrete tools to ensure economic stability
and thus have failed as a science.
The strongest support for this position is economists' continued conviction that quantitative easing, low interest rates and helicopter money will stimulate growth and provide an ideal inflation of \~2%. This has been consistently proven false for nigh-on two decades and yet they continue to prescribe the same medecine. Einstein once said that insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different result; QED.
I believe that the explanation is that 20th-century economics worked fairly well when limited to a single country or culture but are no longer applicable in a globalised world. The free-market has severely constrained governments' ability to control the flow of goods and exchange rates, resulting in a system that borders on the chaotic. Perhaps the only economist who has tried to address this is Wallerstein, unfortunately his World-Systems theory asks many questions but provides few answers.
Thus, current macroecomics and the economists that preach them have no further value. | 35 | It’s seems to me you are only saying that the current theory of economics which you present is failing, rather than the actual science of it. Just because astronomers got the sun and planets revolve around the earth theory wrong doesn’t mean that the science of astronomy is fundamentally wrong.
Every single field of science is a work in progress, and by definition is a trial and error (experimental) process. Same thing applies to the science of economics. | 50 |
ELI5: How does a router decide what inbound packets should be routed to which machine? | Well, let's assume Alice and Bob are both browsing the Internet on devices connected to the same router within the local network and they are both communication with the same external server. (I don't know if that matters, but the router can't distinguish traffic based on server's IP in this case.) How does the router know what inbound packets should be delivered to which machine? | 18 | By port number. When the router rewrites the source IP address, it also assigns a random port number (and remembers it). When the packets come back, they're addressed to the the port the router assigned so the router can then look up which device on its network it used that port for. | 20 |
What is Gravitational Wave and why is it so important? | I am curious, not scientist... And my mind tries to conceive the idea of empty space being fabric that ripples like water. Anyhow, what is it? What would it mean if it is proven to exist? | 114 | Gravitational waves are a prediction of Einstein's theory of gravitation, called general relativity. In a gravitational waves, space gets distorted in a particular pattern (a circle would deform into an ellipse, alternately elongated horizontally and compressed vertically and then compressed horizontally and elongated vertically).
There have been indirect measurements to confirm their existence, but a direct measurement would be significant for several reasons:
(1) We would get explicit confirmation of a key aspect of general relativity.
(2) The kinds of events that produce sufficiently large gravitational waves are dramatic things -- black holes or neutron stars merging or colliding, for example. We would be able to test general relativity and how it works in these situations.
(3) Probably more important, the ability to detect gravitational waves opens up a new means of observing the universe. For example, how often do black hole mergers occur? Historically, new means of observing the universe have enabled us to find new phenomena that we had not anticipated and to give us new ways to examine previously known phenomena.
Stay tuned -- there is an official announcement at 10:30am EST (15:30GMT) on 11 February, at which point we will all know whether the rumors are true that gravitational waves have been observed and, if so, exactly what has been seen.
| 56 |
Eli5, How was number e discovered? | 3,593 | Jacob Bernoulli was thinking how much money ultimately could be made from compound interest. He figured that if you put $1 in a deposit with 100% interest per year then you would get $2 in a year. Now if you put $1 in a deposit with 50% interest per 6 months and then reinvest it in 6 months in the same way, then at the end of the year you would get not $2 but $2.25 back, despite the fact that the interest rate is “the same” (50% times two equals 100%). Now if you keep dividing the interest periods in smaller and smaller units and reinvesting every time, you would be getting higher and higher returns. It turns out that making the interest payment continuous (that is, if the money gets reinvested constantly), $1 would become approximately $2.72 in a year, that is, the number e. | 4,984 |
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[A Song of Ice and Fire] Who is the majority stakeholder of the Iron Bank of Braavos? | So the Iron Bank has some serious cash to throw around, and it's an institution that will exist long after the people who currently run it die, but surely there must be somebody who has the final say in decisions?
Who has the most share in the wealth of the Iron Bank, and who would be most affected if it were to shut down? | 46 | Members of the Bravosi Elite. There are thousands of keyholders in Bravos who own some share technically but most of them inherited that right and don't have controlling say. There is an actual "board" of sorts that is not publicly known made up of the major contributors who don't even necessarily count as keyholders (don't wear an iron key around there neck even) but who actual make the decisions and own most of the Bank's wealth.
They would suffer the most if the Bank were somehow to fall but the chances of that are incredibly small, the Iron bank is one of the strongest most robust organizations on Planetos. | 49 |
Given how cold the outer Solar System (planets and satellites beyond Jupiter) is, how is it possible for Enceladus to have liquid water oceans? Shouldn't they be frigid ice instead? | 21 | Gravity from Jupiter and Saturn could cause flexing in the mantle, generating heat and allowing a zone that could keep water liquid.
Internal composition of the cores of the planets could also contribute heat. | 31 |
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What's the fastest "big" thing in the universe? | Something on astronomical level, like a comet, planet, star, etc
Somewhere I've read there are stars orbiting the center of our galaxy at about 1% speed of light. Is that true and is there anything faster? | 621 | The fastest moving macroscopic object that we know of, in some reasonable reference frame, is the S-2 star orbiting the supermassive black hole at the galactic centre. It can reach 2% the speed of light at the closest part of its orbit. | 388 |
CMV: it is entirely acceptable to discriminate on grounds of ideology. | In another CMV i was discussing with someone about the difference between discriminating against a racist and a homosexual, their point was that both were examples of discriminating against behaviours that people don't like, my retort was that one was an ideology and the other was a state of being and weren't comparable.
However, this set a ball rolling in my head; if it's OK to discriminate against a racist and racism is an ideology should it be OK to discriminate against any ideology? This was troubling, I consider myself a liberal, I don't think discrimination is to be encouraged but logically I believe I should be able to discriminate against anyone I disagree with. If I was an employer and a job applicant came in who voted for a different party than me or had different social values, would it be OK for me to discriminate against them on those grounds. Real world examples would be discriminating against someone wearing a MAGA hat for example.
So, is discriminating against an ideology ok or do I need a better explanation for why it's OK to discriminate against a racist? | 27 | I feel like you are dancing around the idea of the paradox of tolerance.
We want to tolerate everything, but if we tolerate intolerance, then society overall becomes intolerant, which is the opposite.
The solution to this problem, is to tolerate everything, except intolerance. You don't have clearance to discriminate any ideology you don't happen to personally like or support, but only have clearance to discriminate against intolerant beliefs: sexist, racist, homophobic, etc.
Don't discriminate based on ideology in general, only discriminate against intolerance. | 17 |
ELI5 How does Islamic Banking work against normal banking? | banks make a profit by selling money to people like giving an individual 2000$ but he must return 2100$ later on, in Islamic banks such thing isn't allowed and I don't understand how they make any profit | 28 | They don’t charge interest, so you take a loan of $2000 and return $2000 of the loan. But the bank charges a service fee, from which they pay their costs, employees, operating expenses etc, and that can be an additional $100; so in total you pay “$2000 interest free loan + $100 service fees”. | 43 |
ELI5: How are movies dubbed into a second language while maintaining other background audio? | 25 | The background audio and voice audio are separate tracks. They are laid over each other to create the illusion of a single track. For other languages, the native voice track is removed and the second language added over the background track. | 26 |
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ELI5: Why do magnets "die" after a while of being used? | 51 | Imagine the atoms in a magnet as little arrows. When manufacturing magnets, all of the arrows are arranged In one direction. This is done because it makes the arrows useful.
⬅️⬅️
⬅️⬅️
These arrows don't like to all go in the same, linear direction. This is because they don't like their tips touching, or even getting near each other. As you can see, when they are all going in one direction, the arrow tips are very close the ones above. The arrows don't like this, and only want to be near the end of another arrow. This makes the arrows unhappy, so they become unstable and want to move.
When the arrows are in a position they enjoy, they become happy. When they are happy they are stable and don't want to move.
↙️ ↖️
↘️↗️
Because the arrows are so closely packed it is hard for them to rearrange in a way that makes them happy.
One thing that makes this easier is when they are hot. This gives the arrows the energy and wiggle room they need to point at something they like. | 67 |
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ELI5: The difference between deductive reasoning and making inferences? | 58 | Nothing. Deductive logic involves starting with a set of premises/axioms/assumptions and then, using logical *rules of inference* deriving a conclusion from those starting points such that, if those premises are true, the conclusion is necessarily true. | 14 |
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ELI5: why does your mouth water before you throw up? | I recently had food poisoning, and every time I threw up, I had the obvious I'm-about-to-throw-up-and-I-know-it feeling, my mouth started to water an extreme amount about a minute before I threw up. It was an easy giveaway to get to the trash can, but why does it happen? | 1,845 | The stomach acid that is about to pass through your mouth could damage your teeth. Your body knows it's about to throw up. So in order to protect your teeth, your mouth produces some saliva to help protect your teeth. It will help dilute the acid, and cover your teeth to make sure the acid doesn't stick to it. | 3,268 |
Is there any recorded evidence of ancient Indian philosophers interacting with the pre-Socratic Greek and Italian philosophers? | Hi! I am from India and I started reading Anthony Kenny's The New History of Western Philosophy. I am reading about the pre-Socratic philosophers as of now and it seems that a few things are very similar to what we have in Indian mythology and philosophy. Like, the concept of atomism in Indian philosophy predates Democritus' atomism. Similarly, Pythagoras' theory of metempsychosis sounds similar to the idea of reincarnation of soul that we have in Hinduism. I know that it's entirely possible that two different civilizations might have come up with these ideas on their own but do we have any recorded evidence where the philosophers of these civilizations ever interacted with each other? | 22 | > do we have any recorded evidence where the philosophers of these civilizations ever interacted with each other?
Nope. The earliest record of such contact comes with the expeditions of Alexander the Great, some time later than the period you're asking about -- and the details of even this record are sketchy enough that scholars are divided on its significance.
This isn't to say that there wasn't contact, of course. But assertions of such contact remain speculative. | 17 |
[40k] If Big E was around for millennia, why did he allow mankind to follow such meek spiritual figures as Jesus, Buddha, etc? Not to mention idiotic political leaders. | 39 | We don't actually know with certainty that he was around for that long, all we know for certain is that he ended the age of strife by unifying earth and pascifying Mars. There are theories however that he *was* all those people. Of note is that they existed sequentially in different(-ish) parts of the world. His disapproval of religion would be a result of seeing what men will do with the power of religion in the absence of his direct guidance.
There is another theory that he preferred to lead from the shadows, ancillary to power but never in direct control; an apostle but not Christ himself. This could explain why he s not mentioned at all, no stories of a magnificent psyker saving people during the age of strife or during the dark age of technology.
And of course it's possible he was a perpetual but didn't have his immense psychic powers until he made a deal with the chaos gods sometime before records begin. He would have been northing more than a man who could not die until he was able to access the knowledge discovered during man's zenith. | 29 |
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ELI5: Why do cars have those random tap/tick noises under the hood after you turn it off? | It sorta sounds like tiny pieces of sand hitting the inside of the hood or something. Since I was a kid I never understood, and I passed a car today that was making the noise after the guy had gotten out. I'm so curious! | 96 | Well, son, when things get hot they usually get bigger too. When the car is running, it gets pretty hot. So when the car stops, it gets to cooling down. As it cools down, it's also shrinking back down to size some too. Those sounds you hear are the metal cooling down. If you listen really hard, you can hear those sounds other places too. Like the flat panel TV in the living room. Some of those make sounds you can hear when you turn those off too. | 93 |
CMV: Some people do not deserve forgiveness. | Not all people are deserving of forgiveness. There are certain actions and behaviors, regardless of remorse or regret, that should never be absolved. Some people deserve to live with their shame and guilt for the rest of their lives. There is no “redemption.” No amount of good actions can cancel out purely evil actions.
They deserve to suffer.
There are **no** excuses for behavior that causes harm to others. Not a traumatic past, not good intentions, not ignorance. Forgiveness does only two things: It undeservingly eases the pain of someone who has caused harm, and it justifies malicious behavior. If forgiveness exists then causing harm carries no lasting consequences. A conscience is a useful and uniquely human tool that serves to help us distinguish right from wrong. Some actions should burden a conscience for a lifetime.
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> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 35 | The definition of forgive is:
> stop feeling angry or resentful toward (someone) for an offense, flaw, or mistake.
Holding onto anger and resentment only hurts yourself.
> Some people deserve to live with their shame and guilt for the rest of their lives.
Them holding onto shame/guilt may have little to do with whether you forgive them. Some people won't feel shame/guilt regardless and others will feel it regardless. | 18 |
[Star Wars] Why did master Sifo-Dyas order a clone army at least 10 years before the Clone Wars even came close to starting? | 24 | Sifo-Dyas only foresaw that a war was coming, he didn't know anything else. A clone army takes years to grow, so he contacted the Kaminoans as soon as possible. By the time the project was up and running the Sith had killed him and taken his place, and they could afford to be patient, especially since they needed to create an enemy for the clones to fight. | 42 |
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eli5: what heroin withdrawals feel like | Because I just watched Gene Hackman writhing all over the floor of a Marsielles jail cell and it looks awful. But what does it feel like exactly? Is it pain? Is it an itch?
edit: wow this blew up! Thanks for all the insightful answers, it sounds absolutely fucking awful. With that knowledge, I think Gene Hackman really did a killer job!
| 323 | Constant alterations in temperature, one moment you're overheating and sweating, 10 seconds later you're freezing cold plus the sweat. No appetite, pain, sneezing and general increase in fluid production like tears and nose drip. Diarrhea. Nausea. Insomnia. Irritability.
source: currently living it!
**edit:** these "supportive comments" are all annoying and stupid. | 746 |
[Star Wars] The Republic decides against becoming an Empire. What does Palpatine do now? | 207 | There's nothing for the Senate to decide. Palpatine got the emergency executive powers. It's like the old Roman law. He is dictator, the supreme ruler.
Disagree and he'll execute you for whatever reason he likes and it will be legal. | 237 |
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Is there any scientific basis to the old trick of rubbing your hands on stainless steel to remove garlic/onion odors? | I've heard that a good trick to remove the strong garlic or onion odor from your fingers after cutting vegetables is to rub your hands with a stainless steel spoon or other utensil. Is there any scientific basis to this theory? And if so, what is the chemistry behind how it works? | 104 | Transition metal elements are useful as catalysts, and they may favour the decomposition of certain organic molecules. If the molecule happens to have a very strong odour, it may be broken down into less odorous molecules. Therefore, if you rub a metal well against something strong-smelling, there's a reasonable chance the odorous substances present will be broken down and the smell abated. Not all metals work, however, and some may be better than others in different occasions.
A related curiosity is the origin of the "smell of metal". A compound must be suspended in air to be smelled, and for most metals it's difficult to imagine that enough of their atoms manage to become airborne at room temperature, because most metals have very low vapour pressures (basically they have high boiling points). It turns out that the smell of metal is actually due to compounds present in the oils produced by the skin. When a metal is touched, oils are left on its surface, and they start decomposing into other organic substances to which we have associated the smell of metal. | 43 |
[Legend of Zelda] What is Ganondorf's ultimate motivation? Say we all just give up and let him have Hyrule - it's all dark and creepy - now what? What's his tax plan look like? | What's the point? Why does he try so damned hard? | 108 | The short version is that a long time ago, an incredibly ancient evil put on the first Hero and the Descendant of the Goddess "the curse of the Demon Tribe."
Ganondorf is the result of that curse; He is a man/Gerudo/Beast born over and over again, with a lust for power that can never be satiated, and a deep malice for Link and Zelda in all of their incarnations. The true curse though, is that Ganondorf cannot win. No matter how close he gets to ultimate power, the hero will always rise to stop him, and the princess will always be there to keep him at bay.
No wonder he's always so friggin' pissed. | 87 |
ELI5: Are men who get a sex change and become women able to retire earlier? | In the UK, at least up until recently, women and men retired at different ages. What would happen here? | 39 | That also raises the question of, in the US, do women who become men have to register for selective service? Do men who become women? What about conscription in other countries, or service in combat jobs reserved for men?
Can a man who becomes a woman then marry a man (in a jurisdiction where gay marriage is illegal)? | 18 |
[Stat Wars] Why didn't the two stormtroopers shove Luke when he walked into the bridge's elevator after meeting Vader on Endor? | They usually shove prisoners or revels when they have arrested them, so why did they keep a respectable distance to Luke when they were walking back to the elevator on the Endor bridge? | 74 | Well when a guy peacefully talks to Vader who says "it is too late for me... Son" and "the emperor will show you the true nature of the force. He is your master now." That's usually a dead give away that this guy is VIP. | 138 |
[LA Noire] Why the hell is Roy Earle giving a eulogy for [spoiler] | Cole? They hated each other, and Roy was a dirty cop. Shouldn’t they have gotten Biggs or Galloway to give the speech? | 15 | What the hell are you talking about!? Detective Earl is a one of our finest. Earl gave the Eulogy for Detective Phelps because they were former partners and friends. Before the whole scandal happened they were solving cases left and right, those two! Cole was lucky that he had a friend like Roy.
*This is what the public and the average member of the police force believed, so that's why he was giving the eulogy. Roy gave the eulogy because to everyone else it made sense for him to do so. Only the upper administration, the other crooked cops, and Phelps & co. knew what was going on.* | 16 |
Eli5: Why do we study Limits in Calculus? | 16 | Calculus, both integral and differential calculus, is based upon limits. We don't actually reach our answers but we get infinitely close to it. You can't calculate instantaneous rate of change (the value of the derivative) without using two infinitely close points. Well, you *do*, but not without using limits to derive that ability. The rules of differentiation can be derived (no pun intended) by taking the limit as delta approaches zero blahblahblah you know the rest. Similarly, when calculating area, you're actually calculating the sum of an infinite number of rectangles. As you approach an infinite number of rectangles, you approach the actual area under a curve. | 17 |
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ELI5: Why do the majority of terrorist attack (at least those in the media) in Europe happen in France? | 44 | France colonized North Africa a long time ago. Many North Africans are muslim. Their great grandparents moved to France because it's a better place to live in vs North Africa, plus they speak French. They moved there poor though, so they had to live in poor areas. The poor areas have bad education, so the parents teach their kids that all of their problems can be solved by doing everthing the Quran says and the kids believe them. Cycle repeats itself, then you're stuck with large ghettos with extremely religious uneducated poor people who also believe that joining terrorist organizations will make their lives better. | 59 |
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ELI5: Why do trees’ leaves move towards the red end of the spectrum Why not the violet end? | Obviously this answer will have something to do with the original colour, green, which is interestingly in the middle of the light spectrum. | 33 | Chlorophyll is the green pigment that you see in leaves and it comes in two varieties: chlorophyll alpha and chlorophyll beta. Chlorophyll alpha absorbs more red light whereas chlorophyll beta absorbs more of the blue light (and a bit of red), but they both reflect green light giving you the green color of the leaf. However, during the fall when trees no longer produce chlorophyll, you see carotenoids, which are another group of pigments that absorb blue and purple light, but reflect green to red light. Depending on the the type of tree and its leaves, it'll leave you colors between and including: green, yellow, and red that you see so often during the fall. | 41 |
CMV: I shouldn't kill Hitler. | Let's assume I have a time machine, knowledge of the temporal/spatial coordinates of Hitler across his entire life, and means with which to end his life. However, I can only use this time machine once, so any alterations of history caused by my time machine are permanent.
In the present, the holocaust has already happened. At this point in history, there is a fixed and finite quality of tragedy attached to it. However, as it stands, the Holocaust was not my fault. I wasn't alive at the time, and had no role in the buildup to these events.
If I kill Hitler, I may prevent the particular tragedy that we know in history from happening. But if in preventing this tragedy, a new one that I didn't predict happens, this IS my fault. By altering time, all new fatalities can be directly linked to my action.
In short, I would rather attempt to repair damage done by someone else than undo old damage and potentially cause new damage.
> *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***[popular topics wiki](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/populartopics)*** *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 36 | It sounds like you're taking a utilitarian approach to it, whereby you want to minimize the number of deaths / amount of suffering that you cause. With that in mind, you should kill Hitler, and here's why:
-> as we saw particularly poignantly during the holocaust, *failing* to act to prevent deaths when you could have done so carries a moral weight to it as well. So you are still responsible in some manner in deaths that you could have prevented, and became so the moment that you gained the ability to relatively easily stop them.
-> there are very few instances in the history of the human race that could be weighed against the holocaust in terms of "bad outcomes". You don't seem to present any evidence that something much worse was on the verge of happening and was prevented by the holocaust. Based on the empirical evidence of history, there is an extremely slim chance that something worse than the holocaust would result from preventing the holocaust.
-> therefore, weighing the deaths you could potentially have prevented against the ones you could potentially cause, on balance it is almost certainly *more ethical* for you to kill Hitler and prevent the holocaust than not to do so out of fear of something worse. | 15 |
ELI5: Why is it when I scratch one part of my body sometimes I can feel it somewhere else? | I had shingles awhile ago and now I have a scar on my stomach and often times when I scratch the scar I can feel it on my back. Why is this? | 53 | The skin on large areas of the body, such as the back and stomach, are split up into regions called dermatomes. Each of these dermatomes are supplied by different nerves. When a nerve supplying a dermatome is stimulated, it sends the signal back to spinal cord and the brain to process it. However, upon leaving and entering the spinal cord these nerves are bundled into plexuses (which are like circuits) which allow them to split, combine, and recombine with nerves going to different areas within that same dermatome. Because of this "tangling" of nerves, when 1 nerve of that bundle is stimulated, it can cause other nerves in association with that nerve to fire a signal. The brain doesn't process it separately, it just lets you know that region a has been stimulated regardless if it was something external (touch) causing the stimulation or if it was piggy-backing on the signal from another nerve in that region.
When the virus that produces shingles becomes active, it attacks the nerve roots of one of these dermatomes which is why the rash is only seen in one strip of the body versus everywhere. The body has a rough time healing nerves (really complicated process) which is probably why you would experience this more in this region after healing.
Source: Second year medical student | 14 |
Why do most animals have their eyes, nose, and mouth clustered together in roughly the same way as other species? | Why are the eyes usually horizontally aligned, with a nose centered on the face and a mouth slightly below? What are the benefits of this over say having the eyes and the mouth on opposite ends of the body? | 170 | This doesn't answer ALL the factors you asked about but:
* you want your nose close to the mouth to smell your food (for safety reasons)
* you want your eyes as far forward and as high up as possible for seeing things
* You want your mouth far from the waste-hole
* You want all three of those sensory organs as close to the brain as possible (faster processing AND shorter wires are less likely to get injured. This latter one is actually a big deal. If your eyes were away from your brain, breaking your neck would blind you! If your mouth was away from your head, breaking your back means you physically cant eat because you can't swallow).
You're right, the typical configuration isn't the ONLY solution to the above (and other) requirements riddle, but it's a pretty darn good solution - and evolution is *very* much a fan of "if it's good enough, that's good enough". | 226 |
CMV: reddit could be doing an excellent job with the way they handled letting go of Victoria | Reddit execs have been taking a bit image hit over the last few days. The issues are numerous but it seems like the catalyst for the blackout was the way they let go of Victoria without involving the reddit community or communicating with them, and seemingly having no plan of action on how to fill the gap in her responsibilities.
I believe that perfectly acceptable reasons could have caused this course of action and to not accept that possibility and start a blackout and/or reddit exodus is irrational.
For example - a few years ago my company fired a VP quickly without having a real good plan on how to bridge the gap before we found a replacement. This individual had referred to another manager(semi-openly gay) as "the faggot" in a small meeting. We simply could not tolerate that behavior so we fired him the next day. It wasn't what was best for our bottom line, but it was best for the environment and culture that our company believes in. We didn't feel it was in the best interest of telling the whole company the reasoning for termination and several on that team were very upset by the clearly abrupt and unplanned separation - for several people their impression was "management doesn't have their shit together".
I could imagine several scenarios where Victoria should be terminated quickly and it would not be appropriate to give a reason publicly. I would even say that reddit has been incredibly professional by continuing to remain silent on her termination even when facing the vastly damaging public backlash. | 38 | It's unlikely, but possible, that she sexually harassed someone, and had to be let go immediately. And yes, it would be professional to not comment on that publicly.
But even if it was due to sexual harassment or another HR violation, they could have quickly contacted the mods of AMA and other people that are about to be hugely impacted by the layoff. They didn't do so, which suggests they didn't know or didn't care about that impact.
| 15 |
Any economics teachers here? | I'm a high school social studies teacher who only recently started teaching economics. My students are considered high-risk, and don't always do well with the theoretical and conceptual parts of economics. My question is simple: How do you make economics relevant and applicable to this population? Any and all suggestions are welcome and greatly appreciated! | 24 | You can make the class almost entirely experiment driven. Take a look at the textbook by Bergstrom (not the principles text with Frank, but on teaching experiments). Virtually every concept can be done through a classroom game, like the double oral auction. The journal of economic education also has a number of experiments. Just google around. For example, with younger classes, the diminishing returns experiment has students make 'widgets' out of paper, scissors and a stapler. After about three participants, returns diminish.
Try to steer clear of those awful tables, like the textbook treatment of cost curves. In fact, steer clear of 'consumer choice' and 'production' chapters. Though central to intermediate and higher, it provides little intuition and understanding for intro. Focus simply on marginal cost and marginal value.
If you can get them engaged, try Frank's "economic naturalist" assignment.
Sorry, no links. But should pop up on google. PM me if you need help. | 14 |
[Hunger Games] Does District 12 get double the rations after the winning of the first book? | Since, you know, two victors...
Or did they skimp out on district 12 and only give the normal winnings share as punishment for their evil, evil act of defying the Capitol?
I know they both got houses and personal payments, I just don't know about the rations given to the districts. | 25 | Negative, the district receives the rations, not the winners who then gift it to the district. If Peter had been from district 5 but they came up with the same plan, district 12 and 5 would each receive rations making the government give out double, but one district won the year, regardless of other odd circumstances regarding the number of winners. | 20 |
[Star Wars] In between Anakin becoming Vader and Vader killing Sideous, what did Vader and Sideous secretly think and feel about each other? | This includes film and EU. I would assume Vader hated Sideous in every way. In turn, I think Sideous thought rather low of Vader but liked Anakin. Just my thoughts.
*Edit: Sidious. | 39 | After a few years Sidious began to loathe Vader as he did not act like a true Sith. He had no aspirations on supplanting Palpatine. This would continue until shortly after the Battle of Yavin when Vader discovered Luke Skywalker. But Palpatine had been intending to replace Vader for years by this time.
Vader genuinely thought of Palpatine as his friend and advisor as well as his Master. He knew his place and became obedient to the letter. But the Death Star disaster, to which Vader is nearly entirely personally to blame, he discovered Palpatine's burning distaste for him. | 35 |
Could we detect strong force waves and weak force waves just like we detect gravity waves and electromagnetic waves? | 20 | There can't be "strong waves" or "weak waves". Just like EM waves are coherent states of photons, and gravitational waves are coherent states of gravitons, your strong waves or weak waves would be coherent states of gluons or W/Z bosons.
However, gluons don't really exist. That is, there is a gluon field, but it cannot have waves, and you really cannot create a state with a gluon. This has to do with a property of Yang-Mills theories (of which quantum chromodynamics is an example), namely that they have a negative beta function - rougly, the higher the energy scale, the smaller the strength of the force. (EM does exactly the opposite).
This means two obvious things: 1) in the limit of very high energies, the colour force becomes weak. This is asymptotic freedom. 2) in the limit of very low energies (such as room temperature) the colour force is extremely strong. This is confinement.
Confinement is what is important to us. This effect makes sure the force between coloured states is so large that they cannot ever be seen. Taking a meson and trying to pull the quark and antiquark apart does not allow you to see the bare colour of the quarks - you just get more mesons.
So confinement is commonly formulated at: there exist only colourless, or white, states. Indeed hadronic physics has a very rich spectrum of thousands of states bound by the strong force, baryons and mesons (and more exotic beasts apparently), all rigorously white.
Now in Yang-Mills theory (and so also in QCD) the gauge bosons themselves (the carrier particles) are also charged under the interaction they mediate. (Precisely, they're in the adjoint representation). So if there was such a thing as an actual gluon, which is coloured, you could change reference frame to get it to an arbitrarily low energy (you can do this only because the gluon is massless). As the energy is very low, confinement applies and you get a contradiction.
More practically gluons interact with other virtual gluons constantly, in such a strong way that a clean state with a single gluon does not simply exist, let alone coherent states of gluons in macroscopic waves. It just cannot be created. If you give energy to the vacuum, all you'll be able to do is create colourless states. No gluons, and no quarks either. The lightest particle possible in QCD (the mass gap) is the pion.
People often say the colour force is short-ranged, and so this would be a very easy argument against colour waves. This is incorrect, since the range of the strong force is infinite as the gluon is massless. Instead, the actual reason is QCD is confining, and all of the above.
For the weak force, the mediating bosons are very massive and very unstable. W bosons decay to quark-antiquark or lepton-antineutrino, and they do so in the general order of 10^(-25) seconds. So that immediately kills the idea of a "weak wave". | 25 |
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[General Sci Fi] What happens to all the paved roads after the flying car is invented? | 15 | Hey, just because it exists don't mean everyone got one, buddy. Us average Joes gotta get around somehow too, an' them fancy-schmancy hovercars ain't none too cheap, ya know? Even a hover-conversion job'll cost a guy a pretty penny, 'course not as much as buyin' a car with the hover-dealie built right in. 'Course there's this guy down in Hill Valley talkin' 'bout makin' it more cheap to produce, an' maybe more affordable to the whaddayacallit, 'everyman'. | 26 |
|
ELI5: What is the purpose of adding -eth to the ending of some verbs in older writings? | 53 | In Middle English, you'd conjugate the verb "to think" like so:
Singular | Plural
---------|----------
(I) think | (we) think
(thou) thinkest | (you) think
(he) thinketh | (they) think
People just started using 'thinks' instead of 'thinketh' and dropped the 'thinkest' altogether. | 44 |
|
ELI5:If it takes ~1000 gallons of water to produce a pound of beef, why is beef so cheap? | The NYT has this interesting page, which claims a pound of beef requires 786 gallons of water to produce. A Stanford water conservation site claims 1800 gallons.
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/us/your-contribution-to-the-california-drought.html
https://sustainable.stanford.edu/water-wise
My cheapest tier of water costs $3.49/'unit', which is $4.66 for 1000 gallons of water. This suggests that _just the water cost_ of a pound of beef should be close to $5. I buy [ground] beef at Costco $3 per pound. What gives?
edit:
I have synthesized what I thought were some of the best points made (thanks all!)
* This number represents primarily untreated water e.g. rainwater and water pumped directly from aquifers by farmers.
* In the US, there are indirect subsidies to the price of beef, as components of their feed are subsidized (e.g. corn).
* Farmers are free to raise their cattle in places where water is cheap
* Obviously $3 ground beef is the least profitable beef obtained from a cow – they are getting what they can for that cut.
* It seems clear that, in the context of the linked articles, these figures are misleading; the authors are likely not expecting the reader to call to mind a slurry of rainwater, runoff and treated water. In the case of the NYT article, the leading line is that the average American "consumes" this water. Obviously there is very little to no opportunity cost to farmers benefitting from rainwater, and it is not fair to say that by eating beef your are "consuming" the cited amount of water.
edit2: Tears of joy are sliding down my gilded cheeks. I would like to thank my spouse preemptively, for not chiding me for reading these comments all day, my parents, for spawning me, and /u/LizardPoisonsSpock for providing that sweet, sweet gold.
| 4,021 | Because most of the water used in growing the beef falls from the sky for effectively free.
Your water is expensive because it's purified and piped directly to your home, and the rancher or farmer has no ability to sell his free rain water to you. | 3,568 |
ELI5: When you cube integers 1-10, the ones digit is unique for each integer (and 11-20 and 21-30...). Is there a mathematical explanation? | Fun with numbers:
Int | Cubed
-:|-:
1 | **1**
2 | **8**
3 | 2**7**
4 | 6**4**
5 | 12**5**
6 | 21**6**
7 | 34**3**
8 | 51**2**
9 | 72**9**
10 | 100**0**
In the ones digit that I bolded, you have
1, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 9, 0
No repeats.
Coincidence? Mathematical explanation? Evidence of intelligent alien gods transplanting a code into the mathematical language of our universe (please be that one, please be that one)?
| 61 | Any integer can be written as follows
x=(10a+b) s.t. 0<=b<=9
"b" is the one's digit, and "a" is all the others. (So if x=4, then a=0 and b=4, and if x=1842, then a=184 and b=2)
So,
x^3 =(10a+b)^3 =1000a^3 + 200^2 a^2 b+10ab^2 +100a^2 b + 20 ab^2 +b^3 = 10(100a^3 + 20^2 a^2 b+1ab^2 +10a^2 b + 2 ab^2) +b^3
More importantly x^3 = 10*[some integer]+b^3. That is, the ones digit of x^3 is the same as the ones digit of the cube of the ones digit of x (i.e. the ones digit of b^3).
You've verified that a particular property holds for 1-10. The above proof generalizes it for all numbers.
The cube of an integer ending in 1 will always end in 1
The cube of an integer ending in 2 will always end in 8
The cube of an integer ending in 3 will always end in 7
etc...
| 46 |
ELI5: Why do some children's disappearances spark nationwide news coverage while some only get talked about locally? | For example, there's a boy in my local area who has been missing nearly two weeks (feared abducted). Why hasn't this been shown on national news like other disappearances? | 162 | The editors in the national media will only run something if there is something special about the story. This can be some weird twist, or attractiveness of the abductor or whatever. People go missing all the time and it wouldn't be possible for the national media to report on every case. | 66 |
How were the cracks and streaks on Europa formed? | Europa: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Europa-moon.jpg | 20 | The current theory is the moon is being flexed by Jupiter's gravitational tides, and the ice crust that floats over a liquid sea continually heaves and buckles under that stress. Water then percolates up through the cracks and leaves streaks of material behind on the surface of the ice, within those cracks. | 11 |
ELI5: How did x and y become the primary letters used as variables in math? | For cartesian plans, for functions, why are x and y the letters we use as variables? | 21 | Descartes was the mathematician who proposed and formalized the coordinate system that was subsequently named after him (cartesian).
He used the first letters of the alphabet to signify known quantities and the last few letters to signify unknowns. The tradition started from there. (this might be apocryphal since x and y were probably already used before his time)
Very generally speaking, this developed into an informal 'system'.
a,b,c are used for scalar (or real number) constants. (e isn't typically used because it refers to euler's constant. In physics, c, is usually reserved for the speed of light)
f,g,h are used for function names typically. In kinematics physics, g is usually reserved for the acceleration due to earth's gravity
i,j (and sometimes k) is used as subscripts, indices or with a "hat" to denote unit vectors.
k,m,n, (mostly m and n) are used to denote integer constants or integer unknowns.
p,q,r are also commonly used to represent vector unknowns. (a,b,c are usually scalar constants or unknowns)
s,v and t are used in physics typically to denote displacement, velocity and time. (In kinematics physics, u is used for initial velocity)
u,v,w are also quite often used for vector variables.
x, y, z are used for variables. z is commonly used to represent complex number variables. (so if a problem states z\^3 =1, you should assume that z refers to complex number solutions and responding with z = 1 is incomplete or incorrect.)
l and o are rarely used because it too easy to mistake it for "1" and "0" | 69 |
[Fallout 4] Why are the guns left-handed? | I'm looking for a Watsonian *and* Doylist explanation.
This always bothered me when playing Fallout 4. I did a Google search and none of the threads (mostly on Steam forums) offered anything worthwhile.
I haven't found any reason for the manual-action guns in FO4 being left-handed, either in-universe or meta. The only consistent guess I've seen is that the developers wanted players to be able to see more of the guns' operation, which is reasonable with a bolt-action rifle being used in first person. But it's such a sharp contrast with real-life firearm operation that it sticks out to me. | 40 | Watsonian:
Fallout weapons are made to be easily swapped to be ambidextrous.
Boston always had a large post-war population but relatively few guns (low guns per capita). After centuries of intensive use, the right-handed parts have mostly broken and not been replaced. So few of these parts are left that left-handed guns became the norm at some point, meaning even newly manufactured weapons are built left-handed because that's what everyone is used to using by now. | 35 |
CMV: It doesn't make sense to have your own kid(s) | Hello, so my bf and I have been together close to 5 years now and he can't wait to eventually have kids. He loves kids and so do I!
When I was a teenager, I always looked forward to eventually having kids of my own. But as I've gotten older and my opinions and views have changed, I find it unnecessary to have your own kids. Not just for me, but I believe that nobody should actually be having their own kids when adoption is an option and there are so many unwanted children. To the point that lately when I hear of a friend getting pregnant or trying to have a child, I feel a little bit of resentment (I don't express this, of course).
I do love children but sometimes I wonder if I even want kids because of the amount of pressure being a parent; making sure you bring up your children to be better than yourself to improve the future generations. And let's say I come around to the idea of having children, I feel like the only thing that makes sense is adopting a child that has already been brought into this world rather than making a brand new one!
I do hope my views can be changed because my boyfriend definitely wants his own children and he's just hoping that eventually when he's ready, I'd have changed my mind (I'm 25).
EDIT: I'd also like to add that I find it quite narcissitic for people to feel they need a mini version of themselves.
EDIT2: I wanna add that my younger brother is adopted. I was 12 and he was 9 when he came into the family. I have 2 biological siblings. I love my younger brother like my very own sibling, but I won't deny that my parents don't treat him the same as they do us. It has been a huge struggle because of how different he is to us. not just because of his genes, but how much he had gone through prior to living with us. It was free to adopt him because my mum, who's a doctor, had a patient (my brother's dad) who was very old and ill at that point and his wife (my brother's mum) found my brother to be a burden to take care of. so she had already put him in an orphanage and was just looking for someone to adopt him (she's an awful human being). However, there were fees to pay the lawyer when the adoption was made official.
EDIT3: Hi, I want to point out how badly phrased my explanation was. I don't mean for no one to have kids in the sense 'if no one is having kids, who are we adopting?' lol. but that more people should really consider this to be an option over having their own. and I also don't mean this in the way to take a loved child from a loving parent(s).
and in regards to taking responsibility for someone else's mistake. the issue with this is that the child that is born did not ask to be born and therefore, it is suffering from their parents' mistake. until more people are more educated in the options of contraception and abortion and also educated on pareting, we will face the issue of bad parenting or no parenting at all. I think more people should consider adoption, and before even considering adoption, think about the implications of bringing a human being into this world and how you plan on teaching/bringing up this/these child(ren).
I also do not condone human trafficking and it's an interesting topic to wonder if adopting would then worsen the issue of human trafficking and that would be awful. | 185 | Adoption is not just a way to get a child. It is a very important decision that effects everyone in the family, including the adopted child. There are so many issues to deal with when adopting, that are not issues when having biological children. This doesn’t make people weak if they don’t want want to deal with these issues, it is actually better to admit you are not equipped to handle things like differences in race, adopting an older child, a child with a past of abuse, etc. These issues take a lot of preparing for, and some people cannot emotionally handle that aspect in addition to all the raising children stuff biological children come with.
Wanting biological children is normal and healthy. Any child brought into a family will be a challenge, no matter how they come. But saying adoption is just a way to add to the family is frankly selfish. The impact of adoption can be extremely difficult on a child, and to adopt without consideration of that is irresponsible. The most important thing should not be that a person wants a child, but if the child can be emotionally and physically taken care of, and with adopted children that is a particular challenge.
I’m all for adoption, as long as people know what they are getting into and are prepared to deal with it. It is okay to want a family and know that adoption isn’t the way to have one for you. It doesn’t make you selfish, it just means you are self aware to what is the right way to have a family for you.
| 188 |
[Avengers: Infinity War] Whatever happen to the rest of the Asgardian? | In the beginning scenes, did Thanos and his men killed them all, then destroy the ship to ensure all of them is dead? But then Thor said to the Guardian that Thanos killed half of his people, so where did the other half went? Did he captured them? | 16 | You can see the ship was cut in half. So in theory the rest of Asgard is drifting in space, you have to think The Valkyrie and Korg are floating about on the back half of the ship with what’s left of Asgard. | 21 |
Are galaxies laid out in any sort of order, or just scattered randomly? | If you look at a small section of stars they look randomly positioned, but if you zoom out far enough they are arranged in galaxies.
If we could zoom out even further would we find that galaxies are arranged in some sort of massive pattern, or are they just scattered randomly throughout the universe? | 26 | Galaxies gather in clusters, and those form superclusters. Within those clusters and superclusters the distribution is more or less randomly, but on a larger scale you can see them splitting up, forming long filaments.
Between these filaments you have huge voids with little to no galaxies in them. On the largest scale everything looks like foam, where the voids are the bubbles and the filaments are the edges between them. | 25 |
CMV: You aren’t inherently racist/sexist/whatever by voting for someone | The amount of times I see pure hate here because you didn’t vote for the right party, or even candidate in the same party, really sucks. This may be a US thing, but politics doesn’t need to be inherently divisive. You don’t need to hate your neighbor for voting different, they simply value different things.
This “my side is always right” mentality has so many consequences that are negatively affecting our democracy and stopping progress. Please, just be more open. You can disagree, but at least be respectful and understanding about it. | 19 | Your title is literally true, so not sure how we can your view on it. It is *possible* for someone to vote for a racist candidate without being racist themselves (to the extent that anyone can be not racist, of course).
That said:
>This may be a US thing, but politics doesn’t need to be inherently divisive. You don’t need to hate your neighbor for voting different, they simply value different things.
You can't just brush off people's values as a bad reason to dislike someone. A person's values speak to the type of person they are. And when people vote that is an action that impacts others. Politics isn't a casual competition with no consequences. It's actual life and impacts people's rights, their livelihoods, their security.
Say you have a candidate that supports lower taxes and restricting the right to vote to men only. You really value lower taxes so you vote for that person. That says, at the least that you support lower taxes enough to overlook sexism. Why would that not be a good reason to dislike someone? | 41 |
[Harry Potter] Do Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff have a house rivalry too? | My wife is sponsoring a Foreign Exchange Student from Hogwarts for a few months and it seems like every other word out of the little brats mouth is about how much the "slimy Slytherins" or some such thing (although, I did find out he *hates* being called a Gryffindork). There's obviously some sort of serious rivalry there, but he doesn't seem to know anything if I ask about other Hogwarts politics. Are the houses paired off against each other, or is it just those two and Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff are above that sort of thing? | 59 | Ravenclaws generally don't care for house rivalries due to their fixation on academics. They get along well with Hufflepuff, Gryffindor and Slytherin unless Slytherin or Gryffindor is acting superior.
Hufflepuff is a friendly house and they get along well with everyone but Slytherin. | 37 |
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