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[ "Tongeren is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg .", "Tongeren is a city and municipality located in the province of Limburg , Flemish region , Belgium ." ]
[ "He stole a musket , and lived by taking food from gardens and taking the food of Aboriginals after scaring them away with his gun .", "On the night of the 25th he was able to procure a musket , and survived for a few days by robbing gardens and taking the food of Aboriginals after frightening them away with his gun ." ]
[ "In 1795 Black Caesar ran away for the last time , and formed a gang of runaways .", "In 1795 he ran away for the last time , forming a gang of runaways in the process ." ]
[ "He was sent to Australia as a convict for seven years .", "His sentence was transportation to Australia for seven years ." ]
[ "Every day there were reports of missing things , but he was able to avoid being captured until 15 February . A man named Wimbow , who had been searching for days , found him in an area of thick bush called Liberty Plains and shot him .", "Despite almost daily reports of missing property , he was able to evade capture until 15 February , when a man named Wimbow , who had been pursuing him with a partner for days , found him in an area of thick brush called Liberty Plains ( near what is now the Concord\\/Strathfield area of Sydney ) and shot him ." ]
[ "He was taken back to Sydney in 1793 , and began stealing from the farms and huts again .", "He returned to Sydney in 1793 , and began stealing from the farms and huts on the outskirts of the towns again ." ]
[ "On June 6 he tried to steal food from Zachariah Clark , who was the assistant in charge of the new colony 's food supplies . Caesar was caught by a convict named William Saltmarsh .", "On the night of June the 6th he tried to steal food from Zachariah Clark , the `` house of the colony 's assistant commissary for stores '' , and was caught by a convict named William Saltmarsh ." ]
[ "After he lost the gun at Rose Hill , and was attacked by the Aborigines , leaving him wounded in several places .", "At one point he lost his gun in a garden at Rose Hill , and was subsequently attacked by natives , leaving him wounded in several places ." ]
[ "On 26 May he stole food from a brick making gang at Brickfield Hill and was nearly caught .", "On 26 May he helped himself to a brickmaking gang 's rations on Brickfield Hill and was nearly caught ." ]
[ "Caesar soon escaped again ; on 22 December used a canoe to get off the island , taking a week 's worth of food .", "Nevertheless , it did n't take long for Caesar to abscond again ; on 22 December he ran away from the island with a week 's worth of food by canoe ." ]
[ "Two weeks later he escaped into the bush , taking food , an iron cooking pot , and a musket ( gun ) taken from a marine named Abraham Hand .", "He took to the bush a fortnight later , reportedly with some provisions , an iron pot , and a musket stolen from a marine named Abraham Hand ." ]
[ "John Caesar ( 1764 â `` 15 February 1796 ) , known as `` Black Caesar '' , was the first Australian bushranger .", "John Caesar ( 1764 â `` 15 February 1796 ) , nicknamed `` Black Caesar '' , was the first Australian bushranger and one of the first black people to arrive during British colonisation of the continent as a penal colony ." ]
[ "On 17 March 1786 , he was in court at Deptford , Kent for stealing 240 shillings .", "On 17 March 1786 , he was tried at Deptford , Kent for stealing 240 shillings ." ]
[ "There he had one daughter , later named Mary Ann Fisher Power , to Ann ( e ) Power .", "There he had one daughter , later baptized as Mary Ann Fisher Power , to Ann ( e ) Power ." ]
[ "On 6 March 1790 , Caesar was sent to Norfolk Island .", "On 6 March 1790 , Caesar was transported to Norfolk Island after receiving another pardon from Phillip ." ]
[ "Bucà els is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Bucà els is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "Stone tools are tools made of stone that were used most commonly by cavemen , or people who lived in prehistoric times . Stone tools are not used very often anymore because tools made of materials such as iron or steel are better because they are stronger and last longer .", "Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or chipped stone , and a person who creates tools out of the latter is known as a flintknapper ." ]
[ "Stone tools are tools made of stone that were used most commonly by cavemen , or people who lived in prehistoric times .", "In archaeology , a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools . Alternately , the term can be used to refer to stones used as the raw material for tools ." ]
[ "Rouen Cathedral is a Gothic cathedral in Rouen , in northwestern France .", "Rouen Cathedral is a Roman Catholic Gothic cathedral in Rouen , in northwestern France ." ]
[ "`` Two of Us '' is a song by The Beatles , written by Paul McCartney , although it is credited to Lennon\\/McCartney .", "`` Two of Us '' is a 1969 song by The Beatles , written by Paul McCartney , although , in his 1980 Playboy interview , John Lennon apparently claimed to have written it . It is credited to Lennon\\/McCartney ." ]
[ "In the Let It Be film , McCartney and Lennon sing the song `` rocker '' style into the same microphone .", "In the Let It Be film , McCartney and Lennon sing the song `` rocker '' style into the same mike ." ]
[ "It was written for Linda Eastman , McCartney 's soon to be wife , though it sounds at times as if it is addressing Lennon , whose relationship with McCartney was tense at that time .", "It was written for Linda Eastman , McCartney 's soon to be wife , though some lines ( especially `` you and me chasing papers \\/ getting nowhere '' ) sound like they are addressing Lennon , whose relationship with McCartney was tense at that time ." ]
[ "McCartney had never been satisfied with this style , which he said was `` chunky . ''", "McCartney had never been satisfied with this style , which he described as `` chunky . ''" ]
[ "Chevak is a city in Alaska .", "Chevak is powered by four 30-meter-tall wind turbines . The wind generated in Chevak is classified as `` Class 6 â `` Outstanding '' , and is owned and operated by AVEC ( Alaska Villages Electric Cooperative ) ." ]
[ "The amount of energy needed to digest cooked meat is less than that needed for raw meat , and cooking gelatinizes collagen and other connective tissues as well , it `` opens up tightly woven carbohydrate molecules for easier absorption . ''", "The amount of energy needed to digest cooked meat is less than raw meat , and cooking gelatinizes collagen and other connective tissues as well , `` opens up tightly woven carbohydrate molecules for easier absorption . ''" ]
[ "Fire also led to better nutrition though cooked proteins .", "Fire also led to improved nutrition by cooked proteins ." ]
[ "This clue shows this not only with Stillbay sites that date back to 72,000 BP but sites that could be as old as 164,000 BP .", "This research identifies this not only with Stillbay sites that date back to 72,000 BP but sites that could be as old as 164,000 BP ." ]
[ "Stahl thought that because some parts of plants , like raw cellulose and starch are hard to digest in uncooked form , they would likely not be a part of the hominid diet before fire could be controlled . These parts include stems , mature leaves , enlarged roots , and tubers .", "Because of the indigestible components of plants such as raw cellulose and starch , certain parts of the plant such as stems , mature leaves , enlarged roots , and tubers would not have been part of the hominid diet prior to the advent of fire ." ]
[ "Fire was used to heat silcrete stones to increase their works before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture .", "Fire was used to heat treat silcrete stones to increase their workability before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture ." ]
[ "Many burnt bones were found among Acheulean tools , bone tools , and bones with cut marks that were made by hominids .", "Several burnt bones were found among Acheulean tools , bone tools , and bones with hominid-inflicted cut marks ." ]
[ "Some very tiny charcoal was found , but it could have come from a natural brush fire .", "Some microscopic charcoal was found , but it could have resulted from a natural brush fire ." ]
[ "The place was dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 61,000 BP and 110,000 BP through amino acid racemization .", "The site was dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 61,000 BP and 110,000 BP through amino acid racemization ." ]
[ "The earliest certain evidence of human control of fire was found at Swartkrans , South Africa .", "The earliest definitive evidence of human control of fire was found at Swartkrans , South Africa ." ]
[ "This site also shows some of the earliest evidence of H. erectus eating meat .", "This site also shows some of the earliest evidence of carnivory in H. erectus ." ]
[ "The Cave of Hearths in South Africa has burned deposits dated from 0.2 to 0.7 Ma BP , as do many other places such as Montagu Cave ( 0.058 to 0.2 Ma BP ) and at the Klasies River Mouth ( 0.12 to 0.13 Ma BP ) .", "The Cave of Hearths in South Africa has burned deposits dated from 200,000 to 700,000 BP , as do various other sites such as Montagu Cave ( 58,000 to 200,000 BP ) and at the Klasies River Mouth ( 120,000 to 130,000 BP ) ." ]
[ "At Koobi Fora , there are archaeological sites with evidence of control of fire by Homo erectus 1.5 million years ago , with the reddening of sediment that can only come from heating at 200 â '' 400 Â C. There is a hearth-like depression at a site in Olorgesailie , Kenya .", "At Koobi Fora , sites FxJjzoE and FxJj50 show evidence of control of fire by Homo erectus at 1.5 Mya , with the reddening of sediment that can only come from heating at 200 â `` 400 Â C. A `` hearth-like depression '' exists at a site in Olorgesailie , Kenya ." ]
[ "The cooking of meat , as can be seen from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat . It is also easier to get the nutrition from proteins because the meat itself is easier to digest .", "The cooking of meat , as evident from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat and easier to attain the nutrition from proteins by making the meat itself easier to digest ." ]
[ "Burnt stones are also found in the `` Awash Valley '' , but volcanic welded tuff is also found in the area .", "Burnt stones are also found in the Awash Valley , but volcanic welded tuff is also found in the area ." ]
[ "Some mammals and biting insects avoid fire and smoke .", "In addition , some mammals and biting insects avoid fire and smoke ." ]
[ "Another problem was that some seeds and carbohydrate sources are poisonous . Cyanogenic glycosides , which can be found in linseed , cassava , and manioc , amongst others , are made non-poisonous through cooking .", "The incorporation of toxins into the seeds and similar carbohydrate sources also affected the diet , as cyanogenic glycosides such as those found in linseed , cassava , and manioc are made non-toxic through cooking ." ]
[ "Richard Wrangham of Harvard University argues that cooking of plant foods may have caused the brain to get bigger , because it made complex carbohydrates in starchy foods easier to digest . This made humans absorb more calories .", "Richard Wrangham of Harvard University argues that cooking of plant foods may have triggered brain expansion by allowing complex carbohydrates in starchy foods to become more digestible and in effect allow humans to absorb more calories ." ]
[ "An important change in the behavior of humans happened because of their control of fire and the light that came from the fire .", "An important change in the behavior of humans was brought about by the control of fire and its accompanying light ." ]
[ "Instead , the diet was made up of the parts of the plants that were made of simpler sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds , flowers , and fleshy fruits .", "Instead , the consumption of plants would be limited to parts that were made of simpler sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds , flowers , and fleshy fruits ." ]
[ "In the Middle Awash River Valley , cone-shaped depressions of reddish clay were found that could be made by temperatures of 200 Â C. These features are thought to be burned tree stumps such that they would have fire away from their habitation site .", "In the Middle Awash River Valley , cone-shaped depressions of reddish clay were found that could have been created by temperatures of 200 Â C. These features are thought to be burned tree stumps such that they would have fire away from their habitation site ." ]
[ "The most powerful evidence comes from Kalambo Falls in Zambia where many things related to the use of fire by humans had been found , like charred wood , charcoal , reddened areas , carbonized grass stems and plants , and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire .", "The strongest evidence comes from Kalambo Falls in Zambia where several artifacts related to the use of fire by humans had been recovered including charred logs , charcoal , reddened areas , carbonized grass stems and plants , and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire ." ]
[ "Hornworts may be found world-wide , growing where it is damp or humid .", "Hornworts may be found worldwide , though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid ." ]
[ "Hornworts are a group of bryophytes , or non-vascular plants .", "Hornworts are a group of bryophytes , or non-vascular plants , comprising the division Anthocerotophyta ." ]
[ "The name refers to the elongated horn-like structure , which is the sporophyte .", "The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure , which is the sporophyte ." ]
[ "Large tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on tree bark .", "Large tropical and sub-tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on the bark of trees ." ]
[ "Cinchona pubescens , the Quinine Tree , is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine . It has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in making quinine , used for treatment of malaria .", "Cinchona pubescens is known for its bark 's high quinine content - and has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in the production of quinine , most famously used for treatment of malaria ( Kinyuy et al . 1993 ) ." ]
[ "It is native to Costa Rica , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia .", "Its native range spans Costa Rica , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia ." ]
[ "Wim Jansen ( born 28 October 1946 ) is a former Dutch football player . He has played for Netherlands national team .", "Wilhelmus Marinus Anthonius Jansen ( born 28 October 1946 in Rotterdam , Netherlands ) is a Dutch former association football player and manager ." ]
[ "Williams also played for the Utah Jazz from 2005 to 2011 .", "Williams was drafted 3rd overall in the 2005 draft by the Utah Jazz , for whom he played before being traded in the middle of his sixth season to the Nets ." ]
[ "Deron Michael Williams ( born June 26 , 1984 in Parkersburg , West Virginia ) is an American basketball point guard who currently plays for the New Jersey Nets of the NBA .", "Deron Michael Williams ( born June 26 , 1984 ) , nicknamed D-Will , is an American basketball player currently with the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ." ]
[ "They were the worldâ s most famous ballet group . Their director Diaghilev asked Ravel to write a ballet for them Ravel took about three years to compose the music for Daphnis et Chloà .", "Ravel began work with impresario Sergei Diaghilev during 1909 for the ballet Daphnis et Chloà commissioned by Diaghilev with the lead danced by the famous ballet dancer and choreographer , Vaslav Nijinsky ." ]
[ "The Syriac population of northern Mesopotamia ( the Tur Abdin , Hakkari , Van , Siirt regions of present-day southeastern Turkey and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran ) was forcibly relocated and massacred by Ottoman ( Turkish ) and Kurdish forces between 1914 and 1920 under the regime of the Young Turks .", "The Assyrian population of northern Mesopotamia ( the Tur Abdin , Hakkari , Van , Siirt regions of present-day southeastern Turkey and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran ) was forcibly relocated and massacred by Ottoman ( Turkish ) and Kurdish forces between 1914 and 1920 ." ]
[ "The Syriac Genocide ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo ) was committed against the Aramaic\\/Syriac population of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by the Young Turks .", "The Assyrian Genocide ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian\\/Chaldean\\/Syriac population of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War ." ]
[ "Scholars have placed the number of Syriac victims at 500,000 to 750,000 .", "More recent estimates have revised that figure to as between 500,000 and 750,000 ." ]
[ "Young was drafted again on June 5 , by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round ( 148th overall pick ) of the amateur draft .", "Young was drafted again on June 5 , 1989 by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round ( 148th overall pick ) of the amateur draft ." ]
[ "Bryan Owen `` Pete '' Young ( born March 19 1968 in Meadville , Mississippi ) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in 1992 and 1993 .", "Bryan Owen `` Pete '' Young ( born March 19 , 1968 in Meadville , Mississippi ) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in and ." ]
[ "He only got one win in his career , on July 10 , against the San Diego Padres .", "He only got one win in his career , on July 10 , 1993 against the San Diego Padres ." ]
[ "Young made his major league debut on June 5 , with the Expos at age 24 .", "Young made his major league debut on June 5 , 1992 with the Expos at age 24 ." ]
[ "Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18 , ; on February 18 , , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization , but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club .", "Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18 , 1993 ; on February 18 , 1994 , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization , but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club ." ]
[ "He went to Mississippi State University , where he played college baseball .", "He attended Mississippi State University , where he participated in college baseball ." ]
[ "On June 2 , , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft , but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati , deciding to instead attend Mississippi State where he practiced to become a better pitcher .", "On June 2 , 1986 , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft , but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati , opting instead to enroll at Mississippi State where he developed as a pitcher ." ]
[ "It is the earliest known relative of the Platypus .", "It is the second-earliest known relative of the Platypus ." ]
[ "Steropodon galmanii was a prehistoric species of monotreme , or a egg-laying mammal , that lived during the middle stage , in the Lower Cretaceous period .", "Steropodon galmani was a prehistoric species of monotreme , or egg-laying mammal , that lived during the middle Albian stage , in the Lower Cretaceous period ." ]
[ "They are part of the Eastern Carpathians .", "They are part of the Eastern Carpathians ( the eastern wing of the great Central Mountain System of Europe ) ." ]
[ "The Baiu Mountains are a group of mountains in the central part of Romania .", "The Baiu Mountains ( Romanian : Muntii \\/ Muntele Baiu \\/ Baiul \\/ Baiului ) are mountains in central Romania ." ]
[ "Carvin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "Carvin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "Carvin is a commune .", "For the guitar manufacturer see Carvin Corporation . For the late New Orleans political consultant see Jim Carvin ." ]
[ "It is the third book in Card 's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller , the Seventh son of a seventh son ( this gives him magical powers ) .", "It is the third book in Card 's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller , the Seventh son of a seventh son ." ]
[ "After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw , an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people , he sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town where he was born .", "After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw , an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people , the young boy sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town where he was born ." ]
[ "The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and going back to Alvin 's home in the west .", "The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and returning to Alvin 's home in the west ." ]
[ "Prentice Alvin was considered for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990 .", "Prentice Alvin won the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1990 , was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 , and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990 ." ]
[ "Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Peggy Larner , who he later finds out that she is the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been linked to since that day .", "Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner , who he later discovers to be the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been strangely linked since that day ." ]
[ "Eventually , Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slave-hunters , which requires him to change Arthur 's DNA to prevent the hunters ' knacks ( powers ) from finging him .", "Eventually , Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape some slave-hunters , something that requires him to slightly change Arthur 's DNA enough to prevent the hunters ' knacks from identifying the runaway child ." ]
[ "Prentice Alvin ( 1989 ) is an alternate history\\/fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card .", "Prentice Alvin ( 1989 ) is an alternate history\\/fantasy novel by Orson Scott Card ." ]
[ "While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart , the son of a slave and a slave-owner who has been taken in by the owners of the town 's guesthouse .", "While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart , the son of a slave and a slave-owner who has been adopted by the owners of the local guesthouse ." ]
[ "Alvin also creates a plow of living gold , which is bestowed with magic , as his journeyman work to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith ( and also as a Maker ) .", "Alvin also creates a plow of living gold , which is bestowed with magical properties , as his journeyman piece to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith ( and also as a Maker ) ." ]
[ "Swallowtail butterflies are large , colorful butterflies which form the family Papilionidae .", "Swallowtail butterflies are large , colorful butterflies that form the family Papilionidae ." ]
[ "There are at least 550 species , and though the majority are tropical , members of the family are found on all continents except Antarctica .", "There are over 550 species , and though the majority are tropical , members of the family are found on all continents except Antarctica ." ]
[ "This is a category about all things that are to go with Japanese mythology .", "Main article : Japanese mythology ." ]
[ "Fernando De Napoli ( born 15 March , 1964 ) is a former Italian football player . He has played for Italy national team .", "Fernando de Napoli ( born 15 March 1964 , in Chiusano di San Domenico , Italy ) is an Italian former professional footballer , who played as a winger during the 1980s and 1990s ." ]
[ "Zeus won and sent Typhon to be trapped under Mount Etna .", "Typhon was finally defeated by Zeus , who trapped him underneath Mount Etna ." ]
[ "He attempted to destroy Zeus because Zeus imprisoned the Titans .", "Typhon attempts to destroy Zeus at the will of Gaia , because Zeus had imprisoned the Titans ." ]
[ "Rice wine is a word some people use to talk about alcoholic drinks .", "Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage made from rice ." ]
[ "True wine is made by fermenting grapes , and perhaps other fruit . In rice wine , the starch in the rice is first changed into sugar .", "Unlike wine , which is made by fermentation of naturally sweet grapes and other fruit , rice `` wine '' results from the fermentation of rice starch converted to sugars ." ]
[ "Publius Quinctilius Varus ( 46 BC in Cremona , Roman Republic - AD 9 in Germania ) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus . He is mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest .", "Publius Quinctilius Varus ( 46 BC in Cremona , Roman Republic - AD 9 in Germania ) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus , mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ." ]
[ "The city is home town of the Parque Estadual da Vila Velha ( `` State Park of Old Town '' ) , a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years .", "Ponta Grossa is also home town of the `` Parque Estadual da Vila Velha '' ( State Park of Old Town ) , a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years ." ]
[ "Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city , located in the southern region of the country , in the state of Paranà .", "Ponta Grossa is a city in the state of Paranà , Brazil ." ]
[ "Other attraction of the city is the MÃ 1\\/4 nchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December .", "Another attraction of the city is the MÃ 1\\/4 nchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December ." ]
[ "Usually a libretto is written before the music , but sometimes composers wrote some of the music first and then looked for words to go with it .", "The libretto is not always written before the music ." ]
[ "Many of his libretti were set several times by different composers .", "His libretti were set many times by many different composers ." ]
[ "Another 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte , who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart 's greatest operas , as well as for many other composers .", "Another noted 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte , who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart 's greatest operas , as well as for many other composers ." ]
[ "Arrigo Boito , who wrote libretti for , among others , Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli , composed two operas of his own .", "Arrigo Boito , who wrote libretti for , among others , Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli , also composed two operas of his own ." ]
[ "Musicals usually have lyrics ( the words for the songs ) , and a separate `` book '' ( the spoken dialogue and the stage directions ) .", "In the case of musicals , the music , the lyrics , and the `` book '' ( i.e. , the spoken dialogue and the stage directions ) may each have their own author ." ]
[ "Two French writers called Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halà vy wrote a large number of opera and operetta libretti for the composers Jacques Offenbach , Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet .", "The French writers ' duo Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halà vy wrote a large number of opera and operetta libretti for the likes of Jacques Offenbach , Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet ." ]
[ "Sometimes these two are by different authors , e.g. the musical Fiddler on the Roof has a composer ( Jerry Bock ) , a lyricist ( Sheldon Harnick ) , and the writer of the `` book '' ( Joseph Stein ) .", "Thus , a musical such as Fiddler on the Roof has a composer ( Jerry Bock ) , a lyricist ( Sheldon Harnick ) , and the writer of the `` book '' ( Joseph Stein ) ." ]
[ "Composers , such as Mikhail Glinka , Alexander Serov , Rimsky-Korsakov , Puccini , and Mascagni all did this sometimes .", "Some composers , such as Mikhail Glinka , Alexander Serov , Rimsky-Korsakov , Puccini , and Mascagni wrote passages of music without text and subsequently had the librettist add words to the vocal melody lines ." ]