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[ "The Peripheral nervous system , or PNS , is part of the nervous system , and consists of the nerves and neurons that are outside the central nervous system ( the brain and spinal cord ) and serve the limbs and organs , for example .", "The peripheral nervous system , or PNS , consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord . The main function of the PNS is to connect the central nervous system ( CNS ) to the limbs and organs ." ]
[ "The PNS is not protected by bone like the central nervous system . Therefore it is exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries .", "Unlike the CNS , the PNS is not protected by the bone of spine and skull , or by the bloodâ `` brain barrier , leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries ." ]
[ "The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system ( SNS ) and the autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) .", "The peripheral nervous system is functionally as well as structurally divided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system ." ]
[ "Qatar is a country in the Middle East . Its official name is the State of Qatar .", "However , the few bars and nightclubs in Qatar operate only in expensive hotels and clubs , with Qatar Distribution Company the only importer and retailer for alcohol in Qatar ." ]
[ "Its official name is the State of Qatar .", "Qatar University was founded in 1973 . More recently , with the support of the Qatar Foundation , some major world universities have opened branch campuses in Education City , Qatar ." ]
[ "April 's flower is the Sweet Pea . Its birthstone is the diamond .", "The birthstone of April is the diamond , and the birth flower is typically listed as either the Daisy or the Sweet Pea ." ]
[ "Christian Vieri ( born 12 July , 1973 ) is a former Italian football player .", "Christian Vieri ( born 12 July 1973 in Bologna ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a center forward ." ]
[ "Ayrton Senna da Silva ( March 21 , 1960 â `` May 1 , 1994 ) , better known as Ayrton Senna , was a Brazilian Formula 1 driver who won the championship three times , in 1988 , 1990 and in 1991 .", "Ayrton Senna da Silva ( pronounced ; March 21 , 1960 â `` May 1 , 1994 ) was a Brazilian racing driver and three-time Formula One world champion ." ]
[ "He also co-drove a Porsche 956 with Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson in the 1000km NÃ 1\\/4 rburgring race . He also raced in a race to celebrate the opening of the new NÃ 1\\/4 rburgring .", "Senna also raced in two high-profile non-Formula One races in 1984 : The ADAC 1000 km NÃ 1\\/4 rburgring where , alongside Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson , he co-drove a Joest Racing Porsche 956 to finish 8th , as well as an exhibition race to celebrate the opening of the new NÃ 1\\/4 rburgring , which was attended by several Formula 1 drivers , each driving identical Mercedes 190E 2.3 â `` 16 ." ]
[ "Aram Ilyich Khachaturian ( 6 June 1903 in Tiflis - 1 May 1978 in Moscow ) was an Soviet-Armenian composer .", "Aram Ilyich Khachaturian ( June 6 , 1903 -- May 1 , 1978 ) ( born in Tiflis , Georgia , Russian Empire ) was an ethnic Armenian Soviet born composer whose works were often influenced by folk music of Armenia ." ]
[ "An important man called Lord Chesterfield said to Johnson that he would be his patron .", "Johnson did not like the tone of the essay , and he felt that Chesterfield had not fulfilled his obligations as the work 's patron . Johnson wrote a letter expressing this view and harshly criticising Chesterfield , saying `` Is not a patron , my lord , one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water , and when he has reached ground , encumbers him with help ?" ]
[ "Balquhidder is a small village in the Stirling council area of Scotland .", "Balquhidder ( ; the land lying behind the country ) is a small village in the Stirling council area of Scotland ." ]
[ "It has more power than batteries with zinc , like alkaline cells . Lithium ion batteries also have lithium in them , though not as an element .", "Lithium batteries are not to be confused with lithium-ion batteries , which are high energy-density rechargeable batteries ." ]
[ "Because of this , lithium must be stored in petroleum jelly .", "Because of its reactivity with water , lithium is usually stored under cover of a viscous hydrocarbon , often petroleum jelly ." ]
[ "Its main use is in batteries . Lithium is used as an anode in the lithium battery .", "Lithium batteries are disposable ( primary ) batteries with lithium or its compounds as an anode ." ]
[ "Lithium is used as an anode in the lithium battery .", "Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are extremely hygroscopic and are used as desiccants . Lithium hydroxide ( LiOH ) is an important compound of lithium obtained from lithium carbonate ( Li2CO3 ) ." ]
[ "The ocean has a large amount of lithium in it .", "A newer source for lithium is hectorite clay , the only active development of which is through the Western Lithium Corporation in the United States . At 20 mg lithium per kg of Earth 's crust , lithium is the 25th most abundant element ." ]
[ "In 1818 , Christian Gmelin observed that lithium salts give a bright red color in flame .", "In 1818 , Christian Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color to flame ." ]
[ "Lithium ion batteries also have lithium in them , though not as an element .", "The lithium ion Li + administered as any of several lithium salts has proved to be useful as a mood-stabilizing drug due to neurological effects of the ion in the human body . Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications , including heat-resistant glass and ceramics , high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft , lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries ." ]
[ "It will react with water , giving off hydrogen to form a basic solution ( lithium hydroxide ) .", "The reaction forms hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide in aqueous solution ." ]
[ "Lithium reacts with water , making irritating smoke and heat . It is not as dangerous as the other alkali metals .", "Lithium reacts with water easily , but with noticeably less energy than other alkali metals do ." ]
[ "Lithium compounds are used in some drugs known as mood stabilizers .", "Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate ( Li2CO3 ) , lithium citrate , and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers . They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder since , unlike most other mood altering drugs , they counteract both depression and mania ( though more effective for the latter ) ." ]
[ "Some lithium compounds are also used in ceramics .", "Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications , including heat-resistant glass and ceramics , high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft , lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries . These uses consume more than half of lithium production ." ]
[ "It only is in the form of lithium compounds . The ocean has a large amount of lithium in it .", "Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate ( Li2CO3 ) , lithium citrate , and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers ." ]
[ "It began under President Harry S. Truman .", "Since its inception under Harry S. Truman , the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies ." ]
[ "The White House National Security Council ( NSC ) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the President 's Executive Office .", "The White House National Security Council ( NSC ) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States ." ]
[ "Manicamp is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .", "Manicamp is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "It allows you to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a computer .", "It allows one to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a local computer ." ]
[ "HTTrack is a free and open source website copier and offline browser by Xavier Roche , licensed under the GNU General Public License .", "HTTrack is a free and open source Web crawler and offline browser , developed by Xavier Roche and licensed under the GNU General Public License ." ]
[ "It is half-way along the island 's south coast at the end of a hilly peninsula .", "It is half-way along the island 's south coast at the end of a hilly peninsula in Clarendon ." ]
[ "Saint-L Ã ger , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "This is a redirect to a Wikipedia `` shortcut '' .", "This is a redirect from a Wikipedia shortcut ." ]
[ "`` Shortcuts '' are mainly used for Wikipedia project pages .", "Shortcuts are generally reserved for Wikipedia project pages , their discussion pages and categories ." ]
[ "For more information , follow the category links .", "For more information , follow the category link ." ]
[ "Washington is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .", "Washington is a town in Dutchess County , New York , United States ." ]
[ "Jussy , Aisne is a commune .", "Jussy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "Acrelà cents ndia is a municipality located in the northwest part of the Brazilian State Acre .", "Acrelà cents ndia is a municipality located in the easternmost portion of the Brazilian state of Acre ." ]
[ "Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa ( born 11 July , 1923 - died 17 November 2010 ) was a former Brazilian football player . He was known as Nena .", "Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa , best known as Nena , ( 11 July 1923 -- 17 November 2010 ) was a Brazilian former football player ." ]
[ "San Marcos is a city located in central Texas .", "In addition to Texas State University and the San Marcos Baptist Academy , San Marcos is served by the San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District ." ]
[ "It is part of the Interstate 35 corridor , between Austin and San Antonio .", "Located within the metropolitan area , the city is located on the Interstate 35 corridor -- between Austin and San Antonio ." ]
[ "San Marcos is a city located in central Texas . It is home to Texas State University-San Marcos .", "San Marcos is home to Texas State Universityâ `` San Marcos , and the Aquarena Center ." ]
[ "Clapton became friends with Beatle George Harrison , who asked him to play guitar on `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , for 1968 's `` White Album '' .", "The close friendship between Clapton and Harrison resulted in Clapton 's playing on Harrison 's `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' from the Beatles ' White Album ." ]
[ "Clapton 's father , who already had a wife , returned to Canada after World War II .", "Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton 's birth and then returned to Canada ." ]
[ "Clapton was raised believing his mother was his sister .", "Clapton grew up with his grandmother , Rose , and her second husband Jack , believing they were his parents and that his mother was his older sister ." ]
[ "Clapton was the son of a sixteen-year-old , Patricia Clapton , and Edward Fryer , a Canadian soldier stationed in England .", "Eric Patrick Clapton was born in Ripley , Surrey , England , the son of 16 year old Patricia Molly Clapton ( b. 7 January 1929 ) and Edward Walter Fryer ( 21 March 1920 - 15 May 1985 ) , a 24-year-old soldier from Montreal , Quebec . Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton 's birth and then returned to Canada ." ]
[ "She left Clapton with his grandparents Jack and Rose Clapp ( Clapton by her first marriage ) and moved to Germany where she married another Canadian soldier .", "Their surname was Clapp , which has given rise to the widespread but erroneous belief that Clapton 's real surname is Clapp ( Reginald Cecil Clapton is the name of Rose 's first husband , Eric Clapton 's maternal grandfather ) ." ]
[ "John Maynard Smith , FRS ( 6 January 1920 -- 19 April 2004 ) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist .", "John Maynard Smith , F.R.S. ( 6 January 1920 -- 19 April 2004 ) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist ." ]
[ "The Punjabi people ( Punjabi : Ù 3\\/4 Ù Ø Ø Ø Û , à à à à 3\\/4 à à also Panjabi people ) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia ( Pakistan and India ) .", "The Punjabi people ( ( Shahmukhi ) , à à à à 3\\/4 à à ( Gurmukhi ) , Hindi : à à à à 3\\/4 à à ( Devanagari ) ) , also Panjabi people , are an Indo-Aryan linguistic group from South Asia . They are the second largest ethnic group , out of the many different ethnic groups in South Asia ." ]
[ "The Punjabi identity is usually cultural and linguistic , with Punjabis being those whose first language is Punjabi , an Indo-European dialect .", "The Punjabi identity was primarily cultural and linguistic , with Punjabis being those who considered the Punjabi Language their first language ." ]
[ "They come from the Punjab region , which has been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world 's first and oldest civilizations , the Indus Valley Civilization .", "They originate from the Punjab region , which has been host to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world 's first and oldest civilizations , the Indus Valley Civilization ." ]
[ "Although called treeshrews , they are not true shrews ( although they were previously classified in the Insectivora ) , and are not all arboreal .", "Although called treeshrews , they are not true shrews ( although they were previously classified in the Insectivora ) , and not all species are necessarily arboreal ." ]
[ "Fallout is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion . The name is because it `` falls out '' of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion .", "Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion , so called because it `` falls out '' of the atmosphere after the explosion ." ]
[ "Sum 41 ( sometimes called The Sums ) is a Canadian pop punk band from Ajax , Ontario .", "Sum 41 is a Canadian rock band from Ajax , Ontario , active since 1996 ." ]
[ "The people currently in the band are Deryck Whibley ( lead vocals , guitar , keyboards ) , Cone McCaslin ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) , and Steve Jocz ( drums , percussion , and backing vocals ) .", "The current members are Deryck Whibley ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Jason McCaslin ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) , Steve Jocz ( drums ) and Tom Thacker ( lead guitar , backing vocals ) ." ]
[ "In 1999 , the band signed a record deal with Island Records .", "In 1999 , the band signed an international record deal with Island Records ." ]
[ "Since then , the band has released four studio albums .", "The band has since released four more studio albums : Does This Look Infected ?" ]
[ "Its embers flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of the leading figures , Ernst Nolte , was awarded a literary prize .", "It flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of its leading figures , Ernst Nolte , was awarded a literary prize ." ]
[ "It took place between 1986-1989 , and pitted left-wing intellectuals against right-wing intellectuals .", "The Historikerstreit spanned the years 1986-1989 , and pitted left-wing against right-wing intellectuals ." ]
[ "The plants have often been considered to be a living fossil . The earliest fossils of the genus Cycas appear in the Cenozoic although Cycas-like fossils that may belong to Cycadaceae extend well into the Mesozoic .", "Often considered a living fossil , the earliest fossils of the genus Cycas appear in the Cenozoic although Cycas-like fossils that may belong to Cycadaceae extend well into the Mesozoic ." ]
[ "The generic name comes from Greek kykas and means `` palm tree '' .", "The generic name comes from Greek Koikas , and means `` a kind of palm '' ." ]
[ "Cycas is a genus of plants . It is the only genus currently known in the cycad family .", "Cycas is the type genus and the only genus currently recognized in the cycad family Cycadaceae ." ]
[ "It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 6 species ( 4 of which are endemic ) , eastern Africa ( including Madagascar ) , northern Australia , Polynesia , and Micronesia .", "It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 10 species ( 9 of which are endemic ) , eastern Africa ( including Madagascar ) , northern Australia , Polynesia , and Micronesia ." ]
[ "About 95 species are currently known .", "About 95 species are currently accepted ." ]
[ "The probably best-known of these is cultivated and marketed as Sago Palm or King Sago Palm . The plant is not a true palm , however .", "The best-known species is Cycas revoluta , widely cultivated under the name `` Sago Palm '' or `` King Sago Palm '' due to its palm-like appearance although it is not a true palm ." ]
[ "Blaise Compaorà ( born February 3 , 1951 ) is the President of Burkina Faso . He has been the president since 1987 .", "Blaise Compaorà ( born February 3 , 1951 ) has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 ." ]
[ "As of 2004 , 12,645 people lived there .", "As of 2004 , the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 12,645 ." ]
[ "The company has four brands : the Abercrombie & Fitch brand , abercrombie kids , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks .", "The company also operates three offshoot brands : abercrombie ( childrenswear ) , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks ." ]
[ "Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American clothing retailer sold as a lifestyle brand .", "Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American retailer that focuses on casual wear for consumers ages 18 through 22 ." ]
[ "The company also had another brand called RUEHL No. 925 which closed in January 2010 .", "The company operated a post-grad brand , Ruehl No. 925 , that closed in early 2010 ." ]
[ "It was created by David Abercrombie and Ezra H. Fitch . Abercrombie & Fitch was created in 1892 .", "Founded in 1892 in Manhattan by David T. Abercrombie and Ezra H. Fitch , the real Abercrombie & Fitch was an elite outfitter of sporting and excursion goods , particularly noted for its expensive shotguns , fishing rods , and tents ." ]
[ "Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American clothing retailer sold as a lifestyle brand . The company has four brands : the Abercrombie & Fitch brand , abercrombie kids , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks .", "; abercrombie : Prep-school by Abercrombie & Fitch Themed as `` classic cool '' for kids 7 through 14 , this is the children 's version of Abercrombie & Fitch ." ]
[ "It was released in 1994 .", "It was released on February 1 , 1994 through Reprise Records ." ]
[ "Dookie is the 3rd album by the band Green Day .", "Dookie is the third studio album by the American punk rock band Green Day ." ]
[ "Asnià res-en-Bessin is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Asnià res-en-Bessin is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "à trà ham is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "à trà ham is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "Palos Heights is a city of Illinois in the United States .", "Palos Heights is a city in Cook County , Illinois , United States ." ]
[ "Many of his movies were filmed in Tbilisi , including The Father Murderer and Lost Treasures .", "He shot many films in Tbilisi , including `` The Father Murderer '' and `` Lost Treasures . ''" ]
[ "His career in cinema started in 1914 , when a friend offered him a part in a movie .", "His career in cinema started in 1914 , when a casual acquaintance offered him a part in a film . Since that part , he decided to pursue a career in cinema ." ]
[ "Hamo Beknazarian , also known as Hamo Bek Nazarov ( born May 19 , 1891 in Yerevan , died April 27 , 1965 in Moscow ) was a Armenian movie director .", "Hamo Beknazarian was born on May 19 , 1891 in Yerevan , the capital of Armenia , Russian Empire ." ]
[ "In 1933 , he made the first Armenian movie to have sound , Pepo .", "In 1933 , he shot the first Armenian sound film `` Pepo . ''" ]
[ "In 1920 , instead of going to Armenia as he planned , he went to Tbilisi , where he developed a film department for Georgian Commissioner 's office of Public Education .", "In 1920 , instead of going to Armenia as he had decided , he went to Tbilisi where he developed a film department for the Georgian Commissioner 's office of Public Education ." ]
[ "In 1925 , he filmed his first Armenian movie and moved to Armenia .", "In 1925 , he shot his first Armenian film and moved to Armenia ." ]
[ "New Douglas Park is a Scottish football stadium . It is owned by Scottish Premier League team Hamilton Academical F.C. who play their home games at the stadium .", "New Douglas Park is a football stadium in Hamilton which serves as the home of Hamilton Academical ." ]
[ "This time is called the refractory period .", "There are men who are able to achieve multiple orgasms , with or without the typical sequence of ejaculation and refractory period . Some of those men report not noticing refractory periods , or are able to maintain erection by `` sustaining sexual activity with a full erection until they passed their refractory time for orgasm when they proceeded to have a second or third orgasm '' ." ]
[ "If there are an unusually low number of sperm in an ejaculation , this is called oligospermia . If there are no sperm at all , this is called azoospermia .", "An unusually low sperm count , not the same as low semen volume , is known as oligospermia , and the absence of any sperm from the semen is termed azoospermia ." ]
[ "Younger men normally have a shorter refractory period than older men .", "The duration of the refractory period varies considerably , even for a given individual . Age affects the recovery time , with younger men typically recovering faster than older men , though not universally so ." ]
[ "A boy 's semen only becomes like an adult man 's semen about two years after his first ejaculation .", "This first semen volume is small . The typical ejaculation over the following three months produces less than 1 ml of semen ." ]
[ "It either has no sperm in it , or sperm that do not move properly or do not move at all . A boy 's semen only becomes like an adult man 's semen about two years after his first ejaculation .", "Within 24 months of the first ejaculation , the semen volume and the quantity and characteristics of the sperm match that of adult male semen ." ]
[ "It takes some time before he can have another erection and ejaculation . This time is called the refractory period .", "Most men experience a refractory period immediately following an orgasm , during which time they are unable to achieve another erection , and a longer period again before they are capable of achieving another ejaculation ." ]
[ "The Village of Pawling is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .", "State Route 22 runs through every town on the East side of Dutchess County , and runs parallel the Business District of Pawling . Metro-North Railroad has two rail commuter rail stations in Pawling , with service to New York City via the Harlem Line , with the Pawling in the town center , and the Appalachian Trail 2 miles north of the village of Pawling ." ]
[ "A vector space is a concept from mathematics .", "The concept introduced above is called a real vector space ." ]
[ "A vector space is a collection of objects called vectors .", "A vector space is a mathematical structure formed by a collection of vectors : objects that may be added together and multiplied ( `` scaled '' ) by numbers , called scalars in this context ." ]
[ "The elements of the group are called vectors and the elements of the field are called scalars .", "Elements of V are called vectors . Elements of F are called scalars ." ]
[ "A minimum set of vectors that , through some combination of addition and multiplication , can reach any point in the vector space is called a basis of that vector space .", "The operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication have to satisfy certain requirements , called axioms , listed below . An example of a vector space is that of Euclidean vectors which are often used to represent physical quantities such as forces : any two forces ( of the same type ) can be added to yield a third , and the multiplication of a force vector by a real factor is another force vector ." ]
[ "Two operations are defined : addition of two vectors and multiplication of a vector with a scalar ( multiplication results in scaling ) . More formally , a vector space is a special combination of a group and a field .", "When scalar multiplication is defined for complex numbers , the denomination complex vector space is used ." ]
[ "His friends , Lucius Varius Rufus and Virgil , who were also writers , introduced him to Maecenas . Maecenas was a close friend of Augustus , the emperor of Rome .", "Horace was a member of a literary circle that included Virgil and Lucius Varius Rufus , who introduced him to Maecenas , friend and confidant of Augustus ." ]
[ "Quintus Horatius Flaccus ( December 8 , 65 BC - November 27 , 8 BC ) , known to English speakers as Horace , was a famous poet in the Roman Empire .", "Quintus Horatius Flaccus ( Venusia , December 8 , 65 BC â `` Rome , November 27 , 8 BC ) , known in the English-speaking world as Horace , was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus ." ]
[ "Vengeance ( 2002 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 21 2002 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan .", "Vengeance ( 2002 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 21 , 2002 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan ." ]
[ "Todd Benjamin Heap ( born March 16 , 1980 in Mesa , Arizona ) is an American football Tight End for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ( NFL ) .", "Todd Benjamin Heap ( born March 16 , 1980 in Mesa , Arizona ) is a Pro Bowl tight end for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ." ]
[ "Heap was drafted out of the Arizona State University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 31st pick in the first round of the 2001 NFL Draft .", "The Baltimore Ravens selected Heap with the 31st overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft ." ]