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800 | Very early in the pre-trial proceedings, the defendants focused on whether the allegations of the indictment…
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Case Details
Full title:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, v. DAVID PARKER, BRENDA…
Court:United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Date published: Mar 15, 1988
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839 F.2d 1473 (11th Cir. 1988)
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From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research
U.S. v. Parker
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Mar 15, 1988
839 F.2d 1473 (11th Cir. 1988)
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finding insufficient evidence of a § 371 mail fraud conspiracy where the government's best evidence showed only the defendants' presence at a meeting and because, "[w]hile the evidence clearly shows that the law was violated, there is insufficient evidence of a common agreement. Without evidence showing or tending to show a meeting of the minds to commit an unlawful act, the convictions cannot stand"
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Tyson
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Opinion
No. 86-3383.
March 15, 1988.
Bennie Lazzara, Jr., Tampa, Fla., for Parker and Gruber.
Dillinger Swisher, Robert H. Dillinger, St. Petersburg, Fla., for Brown.
Winkles, Trombley Kynes, Stuart C. Markman, Tampa, Fla., for Anderson.
Barry A. Cohen, Rochelle A. Reback, Tampa, Fla., for Kilpatrick.
Judy Hoyer, State Atty.'s Office, Tampa, Fla., Maury S. Epner, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for U.S.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
Before JOHNSON and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges, and HOFFMAN, Senior District Judge.
Honorable Walter E. Hoffman, Senior U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia, sitting by designation.
WALTER E. HOFFMAN, Senior District Judge:
Appellants were convicted of conspiracy and mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Appellant Lonnie O'Shea Kilpatrick is president and sole owner of Government Securities, Inc. (GIC), a licensed securities broker in Florida primarily dealing in government insured investments. In an effort to generate cash needed to meet the company's financial obligations, Kilpatrick devised a plan to sell short-term investments backed by long-term bonds. At a company sales meeting, Kilpatrick explained the investment to his brokers as a ninety-day instrument yielding 10 1/4%, collateralized by $10 to $12 million in government bonds. The brokers successfully sold the instruments, representing to their clients that the investments were backed by the federal government. After each sale the broker mailed to the customer a sales confirmation along with a brochure explaining the investment.
Kilpatrick's plan turned out to be fraudulent. Instead of $10 to $12 million, as represented by Kilpatrick, GIC had less than $500,000 in bonds to back over $6 million worth of ninety-day instruments. Consequently, the government closed GIC and indicted Kilpatrick along with his four top salespersons on conspiracy and mail fraud counts. After a week-long trial, a jury returned guilty verdicts against each appellant on both the conspiracy and mail fraud charges. This appeal challenges 1) the sufficiency of the evidence adduced at trial to sustain the convictions, 2) the district court's refusal to instruct the jury that the appellants' good faith reliance on the advice of counsel could negate the intent to defraud, and 3) the district court's failure to instruct the jury, sua sponte, that certain extrinsic act evidence should be considered for a limited purpose. After careful review of the record below, we find the evidence insufficient to uphold the convictions of appellants on the conspiracy count, insufficient to uphold the convictions of appellant salespersons on the fraud counts, but sufficient to uphold appellant Kilpatrick's convictions on the fraud counts. Accordingly, we affirm in part and reverse in part.
FACTS
Appellants Brenda Brown, Charles Gruber, Ingrid Anderson and David Parker worked as securities brokers for GIC, a licensed securities dealer in Florida, wholly owned by its president, the appellant Lonnie Kilpatrick. GIC primarily sold government backed securities such as Ginnie Maes (securities backed by Government National Mortgage Association) and Freddie Macs (securities backed by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation). In addition, GIC sold zero coupon bonds, also known as CATs, Tigers and TBRs, depending upon the brokerage house offering the bonds. Zero coupon bonds are treasury bonds that have had the interest coupons clipped by the purchaser of the bonds. This purchaser sells the remaining bond for about 10% of its face value. The deep discount reflects the many years, usually fifteen to thirty, that remain until the bond may be redeemed at face value. The obvious disadvantage of investing in zero coupon bonds as well as Ginnie Maes and Freddie Macs is the long period between initial investment and maturity. The advantage of these long-term investments is the security afforded by United States Government backing.
Ginnie Maes, Freddie Macs and zero coupon bonds all have lengthy periods between issuance and maturity of the investment. Ginnie Maes and Freddie Macs, however, provide their holders with periodic interest payments and principal, while zero coupon bonds provide a single large payoff upon maturity.
Recognizing a market for short-term investments, GIC set up the "Southern Bond" and "Delmar" trusts. Investments in these trusts provided a return in six months. The trusts were backed by Ginnie Maes, Freddie Macs, zero coupon bonds and income producing property. In early 1985, Florida's Division of Securities determined that GIC's offering of the Southern Bond and Delmar trusts was in reality the sale of unregistered securities. Since GIC was not licensed to sell such investments, the Division of Securities entered an administrative order against the firm threatening to revoke its registration. After negotiations with Florida's Comptroller of the Currency, GIC, through Kilpatrick, entered into a stipulation and consent order in which the state agreed to drop the charges and GIC agreed to liquidate the dubious trusts and repay its customers. The schedule of payments in the consent order required GIC to pay $10.3 million to its customers between July 1 and November 1, 1985. Unfortunately, the money invested in the trusts was more than the trusts were worth. Consequently, GIC found itself with a cash flow problem when it began liquidating the trusts and trying to repay customers.
According to the record, the Delmar trust was made up of government bonds along with income producing property. Under the stipulation and consent order, GIC had to liquidate the trust, including the property, to repay its customers. For reasons unclear in the record, GIC was unable to liquidate the income producing property. Consequently, GIC could not make payments under the consent decree without increasing the company's cash flow. This case stems from the plan Kilpatrick devised to generate cash.
On or about June 14, 1985, at a manager's meeting in Tampa, Kilpatrick allegedly "dreamed up" a plan to increase cash flow for the company and thus meet the financial burden imposed by the consent decree. The plan involved selling short-term investments Kilpatrick labeled "zero coupon treasury instruments" (ZCTIs). Kilpatrick explained that GIC had $10 to $12 million worth of zero coupon bonds in the company vault in Olive Branch, Mississippi. He instructed his sales staff, including appellants Brown, Gruber, Anderson and Parker to sell the ZCTIs as ninety-day investments. Ninety days after sale, GIC would repurchase the instrument, giving the customer a 10 1/4% yield. Kilpatrick explained that the investment instruments were collateralized by the zero coupon bonds in Olive Branch. He specifically instructed the brokers to represent that the 10 1/4% was "earnings" and not "interest." He also made clear that the brokers were selling "instruments" and not the actual zero coupon bonds. During the meeting, Kilpatrick allegedly spoke to the company attorney by phone who informed Kilpatrick that the proposed instrument was not an unregistered security and, therefore, GIC could market the instrument legally. The record reveals nothing more discussed at the manager's meeting concerning ZCTIs. From the time of the manager's meeting until the state closed GIC in October of 1985, the appellant salespersons sold over $6 million worth of ZCTIs, mostly to repeat customers interested in low risk government investments. The brokers told the customers that ZCTIs were safe since they were "government backed."
In September of 1985, in an effort to assure compliance with the consent order, the state sent an agent to GIC's Tampa headquarters. While in Tampa, the agent first learned of GIC's offering of the ZCTIs. Kilpatrick explained to the agent that the instruments were backed by $10 to $12 million worth of zero coupon bonds which were kept in the company vault in Olive Branch. On September 23 and 24, the state conducted simultaneous investigations of GIC's Tampa and Olive Branch offices. Instead of finding $10 to $12 million in bonds, as represented by Kilpatrick, state agents discovered a mere $405,000 worth of bonds in Olive Branch to collateralize several million dollars worth of ZCTIs. The state immediately closed GIC, which subsequently filed bankruptcy.
Shortly after the state closed GIC, the federal government arrested appellants Kilpatrick, Brown, Gruber, Anderson and Parker, charging them with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and substantive mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Count I of the indictment alleged that the appellants knowingly and willfully conspired to commit mail fraud. Counts II through IX charged that the appellants devised a scheme to defraud customers of GIC by inducing the customers, through false representations, to invest in the ZCTIs. The indictment charged that the appellants knowingly used the United States Mail to accomplish the scheme.
§ 1341 Frauds and swindles
Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, . . . for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice or attempting to do so, places in any post office or authorized depository for mail matter, any matter or thing whatever to be sent or delivered by the postal service . . . shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.
18 U.S.C. § 1341
After a week-long trial, the jury returned guilty verdicts against each appellant on both the conspiracy and mail fraud charges. This appeal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the convictions. In addition, appellants Kilpatrick and Anderson challenge as reversible error the district judge's refusal to instruct the jury that good faith reliance on the advice of counsel is a defense to mail fraud. Finally, Kilpatrick, challenges as reversible error the district court's failure to instruct the jury sua sponte, to consider evidence of the consent decree for a limited purpose.
I. CONSPIRACY
In reviewing the lower court ruling, we must consider the evidence in a light most favorable to the government, drawing all reasonable inferences from the evidence and resolving all credibility choices in favor of the verdict. Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 62 S.Ct. 457, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942); United States v. Plotke, 725 F.2d 1303, 1396 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 843, 105 S.Ct. 151, 83 L.Ed.2d 89 (1984). We will reverse convictions as unsupported by the evidence only if a reasonable mind must entertain reasonable doubt about the guilt of the defendants. United States v. McCrary, 699 F.2d 1308, 1311-12 (11th Cir. 1983). Upon careful examination of the record below, we find that the evidence does not support the appellants' conspiracy convictions.
To support a conspiracy conviction, the government must prove 1) an agreement to commit an unlawful act and 2) an overt act by one of the conspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy. United States v. Sawyer, 799 F.2d 1494, 1401-02 (11th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 107 S.Ct. 961, 93 L.Ed.2d 1009 (1987); United States v. Tombrello, 666 F.2d 485, 490 (11th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 994, 102 S.Ct. 2279, 73 L.Ed.2d 1291 (1982); United States v. Wieschenberg, 604 F.2d 326, 331 (5th Cir. 1979). The record is void of any expressed agreement between appellants to defraud GIC customers. Conspiracy to defraud, however, "may be inferred from the actions of the actors or by the circumstantial evidence of a scheme." United States v. Cole, 755 F.2d 748, 755 (11th Cir. 1985). The government contends that, even without an expressed agreement to defraud, the evidence supporting a conspiracy conviction is sufficient when it establishes that "all alleged coconspirators directed their efforts toward the accomplishment of a single goal or common purpose." United States v. Elam, 678 F.2d 1234, 1245 (5th Cir. 1982). The appellants certainly directed their efforts toward the common goal of making money for themselves and their employer. But to support a conspiracy conviction, the evidence must establish a common agreement to violate the law. Elam, 678 F.2d at 1245. While the evidence clearly shows that the law was violated, there is insufficient evidence of a common agreement. Without evidence showing or tending to show a meeting of the minds to commit an unlawful act, the convictions cannot stand.
The best evidence the government offers to show a conspiracy to defraud is the presence of all the appellants at the June 14 manager's meeting where Kilpatrick first introduced the ZCTIs. Two government witnesses present at the meeting testified that nothing was said at the meeting that would give rise to suspicion. The record may show that the June 14th meeting was the birthplace of Kilpatrick's fraudulent scheme, but no evidence suggests that the meeting was the birthplace of a conspiracy on the part of the sales brokers to defraud GIC customers.
The government also contends that the appellants had substantial motivation to enter Kilpatrick's fraudulent scheme. The record shows that Kilpatrick alluded to the company's financial troubles at the June 14 meeting. From this evidence, the government argues that the appellants knew GIC was on the verge of insolvency and therefore conspired to commit fraud in order to preserve their jobs. Without more, a reasonable trier of fact could not construe this evidence as sufficient motivation to enter a criminal conspiracy. We therefore reverse the conspiracy convictions of appellant sales brokers.
The law is well settled that existence of a coconspirator is not only an element of the crime of conspiracy, but the very essence of the crime. United States v. Pearson, 667 F.2d 12, 13 (5th Cir. Unit B 1982). Acquitting appellants Brown, Gruber, Anderson and Parker of conspiracy leaves only "others, both known and unknown" listed in the indictment with whom Kilpatrick could have conspired. Since the record contains insufficient evidence to establish that Kilpatrick schemed with these "other" conspirators to defraud GIC customers, we must also reverse Kilpatrick's conviction on the conspiracy count.
II. MAIL FRAUD
While we find the evidence insufficient to support conspiracy convictions, the question remains whether the record below supports appellants' convictions of mail fraud under 18 U.S.C. section 1341. In reviewing the district court ruling we are reminded of the rule requiring us to view the record in a light most favorable to the government. To convict appellants of mail fraud, the government must prove 1) participation in a scheme to defraud, and 2) that the appellant connected with the scheme used or caused use of the mails in furtherance of the scheme. United States v. Haimowitz, 725 F.2d 1561, 1568-69 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1072, 105 S.Ct. 563, 83 L.Ed.2d 504 (1984); United States v. Hartley, 678 F.2d 961, 985 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1170, 103 S.Ct. 815, 74 L.Ed.2d 1014 (1982). As to appellants Brown, Gruber, Anderson, and Parker, we find the evidence insufficient to support the mail fraud convictions. As to appellant Kilpatrick, we find the evidence sufficient to support the jury verdict and therefore affirm his conviction.
A. Salespersons
As discussed earlier, a scheme to defraud GIC customers is apparent in the record. GIC faced a serious cash flow problem arising out of the consent decree. To solve the problem, Kilpatrick instructed his brokers to sell ZCTIs which he represented were backed by sufficient zero coupon bonds. Kilpatrick made the same representation to a government agent who was in GIC's Tampa office checking the company's compliance with the consent decree. Of course, the bonds did not come close to covering the investment instruments. Nothing in the record suggests that Kilpatrick was misled or innocently mistaken concerning the amount of bonds in the Olive Branch vault. Furthermore, Kilpatrick used the proceeds from ZCTI sales to meet the company's immediate financial obligations. From this evidence the jury is entitled, if not compelled, to infer a scheme to defraud GIC customers.
The record also clearly indicates that the mails were used to implement the scheme. Every sale mentioned in the indictment was made by phone. After a sale, the broker sent a confirmation notice to the customer, along with a brochure explaining the new investment. Since mailing confirmation notices or letters was an essential part of this scheme, use of the mail was sufficient to bring Kilpatrick's plan within the purview of 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Haimowitz, 725 F.2d at 1571.
The record below, however, fails to disclose a crucial element of the crime of mail fraud. Unless the appellants intended to defraud GIC customers, the convictions cannot stand. United States v. Kreimer, 609 F.2d 126, 128 (5th Cir. 1980). We have already determined that the record does not show a conspiracy with Kilpatrick to defraud. If, however, appellants joined Kilpatrick's scheme after its inception, they have the criminal intent necessary for conviction under the statute. United States v. Toney, 598 F.2d 1349, 1356 (5th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1033, 100 S.Ct. 706, 62 L.Ed.2d 670 (1980). The only evidence in the record even remotely suggesting that the salespersons intentionally joined Kilpatrick's scheme is their enormous success at selling ZCTIs. Unindicted in this case are six other GIC salespersons who accounted for 16% of the total ZCTIs sold. The government argues that the appellant salespersons' success as compared to the other brokers was necessarily accomplished by misrepresentations arising out of Kilpatrick's overall scheme. We find that this evidence alone cannot remove all reasonable doubt as to whether the salespersons joined Kilpatrick's plan. The government fails to consider other criteria that may account for the salespersons' success, such as personal skills or motivation. Furthermore, the record contains no evidence that the salespersons at any time discovered or learned of the empty vault in Olive Branch. Without more, the government fails to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the salespersons joined Kilpatrick's scheme and thus possessed the intent to defraud.
The government argues, however, that the failure to check the Olive Branch vault represents a "reckless disregard of the truth" satisfying the intent element of this crime. See Sawyer, 799 F.2d at 1502; United States v. Frick, 588 F.2d 531, 536 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 913, 99 S.Ct. 2013, 60 L.Ed.2d 385 (1979). The government's argument would have merit if the salespersons were under a duty to investigate the backing of the securities they were selling. Nothing in the record suggests such a duty. Common sense dictates that a securities broker cannot be expected to travel to the company vault to make sure his superiors have acquired sufficient collateral to back each investment sold.
In the instant case, we find that the salespersons had no duty to investigate the backing of the securities they sold. In addition, the record is void of any seriously suspicious circumstances that would alert the average broker of potential fraud. In this respect, the instant case differs dramatically from United States v. Simon, et al., 839 F.2d 1461, decided today. In Simon, the appellants were selling oil and gas leases located in Alaska for $10,000, promising customers a virtually risk-free return of several times the initial investment. All of the appellants in Simon worked for men whom they knew were involved in prior fraudulent operations. Furthermore, several customers put the appellants in Simon on notice of potential fraud by asking about recent newspaper and magazine articles concerning the fraudulent sale of Alaskan oil and gas leases. In sum, the evidence in Simon was sufficient to allow reasonable jurors to conclude that the appellants turned their backs on the truth in order to sell a product to unsuspecting customers.
Finally, the government intimates that the success at selling ZCTIs is attributed to personal misrepresentations apart from Kilpatrick's overall scheme. In its brief, the government argues that "even if appellants truly were unaware of the absence of ZCTI collateral, it does not follow that their representations to investors were not fraudulent." The government contends that the appellants "represented not merely that the ZCTIs were backed by federally insured bonds, but were themselves so insured." Such a representation, the government contends, is fraudulent regardless of whether sufficient zero coupon bonds exist to collateralize the instruments. Only the zero coupon bonds themselves are actually government insured. Thus, any short term investment that is backed by zero coupon bonds is a "step removed" from actual government insurance. The only party liable on the ZCTIs is GIC, not the federal government. Consequently, the government contends, the ZCTI is much more risky than investments directly insured by the government. Since ZCTIs are a "step removed" from direct government insurance, they are, in the government's words, "only as good as the company issuing them."
Citing United States v. Pearlstein, 576 F.2d 531 (3rd Cir. 1978), the appellants contend that, under the circumstances of this case, the court cannot convict them of mail fraud. In Pearlstein, a jury convicted salesmen of mail fraud based on misrepresentations concerning a writing pen distributorship. While conceding the existence of an overall scheme to defraud, the salesmen maintained that they were ignorant of the scheme. The Third Circuit reversed their convictions, noting that "although . . . a separate scheme to defraud could have been hatched by these salesmen within the overall scheme, such individual schemes were neither alleged nor proven by the government in this case." Id. at 545 (citations omitted).
The salespersons in the instant case maintain that, if they made misrepresentations amounting to fraud, such misrepresentations were no part of Kilpatrick's overall scheme. Consequently, they argue, the court cannot convict them of mail fraud since the indictment charges them with the overall fraud. Since we ultimately find that the appellant-brokers did not intentionally defraud GIC's customers, we need not decide whether the Third Circuit's position in Pearlstein applies in this circuit.
The government's argument is persuasive, but unsupported by the evidence. The record reveals that both appellants Brown and Gruber told their customers that the ZCTIs were "safe investments" that were "backed by the government," but not that the investment was government insured. Similarly, the record shows that appellant Parker told his customers that ZCTIs were "safe investments" which were "backed by the government" and that the customers had "nothing to worry about." The record does not show that Parker represented the ZCTIs as government insured. Finally, the record shows that appellant Anderson told her clients that the instruments in question were "good investments" which were "backed by the government," but not that the instruments were directly insured by the government. In sum, the record below does not show that the appellant salespersons represented to any person named in the indictment that ZCTIs were government insured.
In oral argument before this court, however, the government strayed from the position taken in its brief. After arguing that the heart of the fraud in this case stems from the representation that ZCTIs were insured by the government when they were merely backed by government bonds, counsel for the government stated: "If you say this security is backed by the government, you're saying this security is insured by the United States." There seems to be some confusion in the record, in the government's brief, and in oral argument as to whether "backed" or "insured" by the government is a misrepresentation when describing ZCTIs. In oral argument the government eventually, and not surprisingly, took the position that both representations were fraudulent. We disagree. The representation that the instruments in question were "backed by the government" does not supply the criminal intent necessary to uphold appellants' convictions under these circumstances. Assuming the ZCTIs were fully collateralized by zero coupon bonds, as represented to the salespersons, the instruments could reasonably be characterized as government backed securities. Whatever may happen to the issuing company, a customer could always fall back on the zero coupon bonds to recover his investment.
Indeed, the government's own witnesses testified that, had the ZCTIs been fully collateralized, they would have been perfectly legal. On cross-examination, Simon Canasi, a securities broker testifying as an expert for the government, said that an investment is as safe as the United States Government "as long as [the] instrument is held in the customer's name and that investment is collateralized by U.S. Government securities." On direct examination, Mr. Canasi expressed concern over a broker who retains collateral on investments. Canasi testified that, if a brokerage house keeps the collateral securing an investment, then the investment is only as safe as the brokerage house itself. Canasi made clear, however, that as long as a firm maintained sufficient security for their investments, the operation would be legal. Similarly, William Reilly of Florida's Bureau of Securities Dealers Examinations testified that ZCTIs were perfectly legal as long as GIC maintained sufficient zero coupon bonds to secure the investments. This testimony makes clear that the fraud in the instant case was not representing ZCTIs as government backed, but rather failing to secure and maintain sufficient backing for the ZCTIs.
Perhaps a better description of the ZCTIs is an investment "collateralized by government bonds" or "backed by government backed bonds." While appellants may have been somewhat loose with their description of the instruments, we find that the characterization of ZCTIs as "government backed" is not wholly unfounded and, under the facts of this case, certainly is not criminal. Therefore, we reverse appellants' convictions on the mail fraud counts. We do not pass upon whether the characterization of ZCTIs as "government insured" might amount to fraud since there is no evidence in the record that the salespersons made such representations.
B. Kilpatrick
The remaining issue we must decide is whether the jury properly convicted Kilpatrick on the substantive mail fraud counts. In his defense Kilpatrick argues first that the evidence presented in the trial below was insufficient to establish that there was a scheme to defraud customers, a necessary element of the crime. We find this contention without merit. The evidence clearly shows that Kilpatrick knew that the ZCTIs were not properly collateralized. Kilpatrick argues, however, that he fully intended to purchase a sufficient amount of bonds to cover the investment. He claims that his understanding was that the bonds were necessary only when the ZCTIs mature, i.e., ninety days after sale. Such an understanding has no basis in logic. There is no reason to purchase collateral to secure an investment after the investment matures. After maturity, the risk inherent in any investment is over. Furthermore, Kilpatrick did not represent to his brokers or to the government agent that the investments would eventually be backed by government bonds; he represented that the ZCTIs were backed by bonds before they were sold.
Kilpatrick next intimates that, when referring to zero coupon bonds, he represented the face value of the bonds and not the market value. The face value of a zero coupon bond is its value in fifteen to thirty years. In the instant case, the actual or market value of the bonds was ten cents on the dollar. Thus, Kilpatrick maintains that his representation that GIC had $10 to $12 million in bonds actually meant that the company had between $1 and $1.2 million in collateral. But GIC brokers sold over $6 million worth of ZCTIs. The record reflects no reason to believe Kilpatrick thought $1.2 million in collateral could secure $6 million in investments.
Kilpatrick does not challenge whether he caused use of the mails in his scheme to defraud. In any event, conviction under this statute does not require that the defendant actually intended to use the mails, but only that he acted with knowledge that the mails would be used in the ordinary course of business. United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 401 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 943, 102 S.Ct. 2006, 72 L.Ed.2d 465 (1982). There is sufficient evidence to allow the jury to conclude that Kilpatrick caused use of the mails or at least reasonably could foresee its use in furthering his scheme. Martino, 648 F.2d at 401; United States v. Georgalis, 631 F.2d 1199, 1206 (5th Cir. 1980).
In oral argument before this court, counsel for Kilpatrick argued that, if appellant salespersons were acquitted of the mail fraud charges, then we must also acquit Kilpatrick since he was indicted as an aider and abettor to mail fraud. The law is well settled that, while conviction of a principal is not a prerequisite to the conviction of an aider and abettor, the government must nonetheless establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the alleged offense was committed by someone. United States v. Barfield, 447 F.2d 85, 89 (5th Cir. 1971); United States v. Merriwether, 329 F. Supp. 1156, 1159-60 (S.D.Ala. 1972), affirmed, 469 F.2d 1406 (5th Cir. 1972). We have found that the brokers named in the indictment did not commit mail fraud. In the indictment, however, the government did not charge Kilpatrick as an aider and abettor, but as a principal. While the government briefed the case as though Kilpatrick was an aider and abettor, the government, to its advantage, is nonetheless bound by the indictment. The evidence supports Kilpatrick's conviction as a principal.
Kilpatrick argues, however, that we cannot uphold his conviction as a principal since he had no direct contact with GIC's defrauded customers. His lack of contact with the victims does not insulate Kilpatrick from criminal liability. Misrepresentation is not an element of the crime with which Kilpatrick is charged. To secure a mail fraud conviction, all the government must prove is 1) the existence of a scheme to defraud, which we find in the record, and 2) use of the mails by the defendant to further the scheme, which also is reflected in the record. Haimowitz, 725 F.2d at 1568-69; Hartley, 678 F.2d at 985. Therefore, Kilpatrick's conviction may stand regardless of whether he actually made misrepresentations directly to GIC customers.
Kilpatrick's remaining challenges to the trial below merit little attention. Kilpatrick asserts that the trial judge committed reversible error in failing to instruct the jury that good faith reliance on the advice of counsel is a bar to charges of mail fraud. The record, however, does not reflect a need for the instruction. GIC's attorney told Kilpatrick that the ZCTIs were exempt securities and therefore legal even though not registered. The attorney did not tell Kilpatrick he could sell exempt securities regardless of whether he had sufficient collateral for the securities. Counsel's advice does not concern the matter presented in the indictment. Consequently, we find no error in the trial judge's refusal to grant Kilpatrick's "good faith reliance" instruction. See United States v. Johnson, 730 F.2d 683, 686 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 867, 105 S.Ct. 211, 83 L.Ed.2d 142 (1984).
To succeed with a defense of good faith reliance on the advice of counsel, the defendant must show that 1) he fully disclosed all relevant facts to his counsel and 2) he relied in good faith on his counsel's advice. United States v. Johnson, 730 F.2d 683, 686 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 867, 105 S.Ct. 211, 83 L.Ed.2d 142 (1984); United States v. Smith, 523 F.2d 771, 778 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 817, 97 S.Ct. 59, 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976). The record does not reveal that Kilpatrick told his attorney that Kilpatrick failed to attain sufficient collateral for the instruments his brokers were selling. Therefore, prong one of the "good faith reliance" defense was never satisfied.
Finally, Kilpatrick claims the district court committed reversible error in failing to instruct the jury, sua sponte, that the court admitted evidence of the consent decree for a limited purpose. United States v. Cortez, 757 F.2d 1204, 1207 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 945, 106 S.Ct. 310, 88 L.Ed.2d 287 (1985). Such omission does not amount to "plain error" resulting in "a miscarriage of justice" in the instant case. United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 15, 105 S.Ct. 1038, 1046, 84 L.Ed.2d 1, 12-13 (1985); United States v. Atkinson, 297 U.S. 157, 160, 56 S.Ct. 391, 392, 80 L.Ed. 555, 557 (1936).
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the lower court's convictions of appellants Brown, Gruber, Parker and Anderson on both the conspiracy and fraud counts. We reverse the lower court conviction of Kilpatrick on the conspiracy count and affirm the conviction on the fraud counts.
AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part.
Summaries of
U.S. v. Parker
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Mar 15, 1988
839 F.2d 1473 (11th Cir. 1988)
finding insufficient evidence of a § 371 mail fraud conspiracy where the government's best evidence showed only the defendants' presence at a meeting and because, "[w]hile the evidence clearly shows that the law was violated, there is insufficient evidence of a common agreement. Without evidence showing or tending to show a meeting of the minds to commit an unlawful act, the convictions cannot stand"
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Tyson
finding insufficient evidence of a § 371 mail fraud conspiracy where the government's best evidence showed only the defendants' presence at a meeting and because, "[w]hile the evidence clearly shows that the law was violated, there is insufficient evidence of a common agreement. Without evidence showing or tending to show a meeting of the minds to commit an unlawful act, the convictions cannot stand"
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Tyson
finding insufficient evidence that salespersons had conspired with the principals
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Shankman
In United States v. Parker, 839 F.2d 1473, 1478 (11th Cir. 1988), this Court reversed the conviction of salesmen who had no reason to suspect that the securities they traded lacked sufficient collateral.
Summary of this case from United States v. Donaldson
In Parker, the Eleventh Circuit held that the evidence was insufficient to support the defendants' convictions of mail fraud because the defendants, security brokers for a licensed security dealer, were not alerted to any unusual circumstances surrounding their sale of short-term investments their employer assured them were adequately collateralized.
Summary of this case from United States v. Behr
In Parker, on the other hand, the appellants had no reason to suspect that the securities they were selling lacked sufficient collateral.
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Simon
In Parker, we refused to hold brokers criminally liable for failing to confirm representations made to them by their superiors.
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Simon
In United States v. Parker, 839 F.2d 1473 (11th Cir. 1988), in which the Eleventh Circuit reversed the convictions of several defendants for conspiracy to commit fraud, the Government's "best evidence" of the conspiracy was a meeting among the defendants which supposedly gave birth to the conspiracy.
Summary of this case from U.S. v. Reinhold
Case details for
U.S. v. Parker
Case Details
Full title:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, v. DAVID PARKER, BRENDA…
Court:United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Date published: Mar 15, 1988
Citations
Copy Citation
839 F.2d 1473 (11th Cir. 1988)
Citing Cases
U.S. v. Chandler
Very early in the pre-trial proceedings, the defendants focused on whether the allegations of the indictment…
U.S. v. Chandler
Very early in the pre-trial proceedings, the defendants focused on whether the allegations of the indictment… | {
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802 | Digital copy of La Chasse Centre log sheet numbers 1 to 3 relating to an individual [presumed to be Witness 76]. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 76's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 12 August 2014 [C/D/AW1/B3/14/WS000166].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A1/11/WD000793
Date: February 25th 1997 - July 4th 1997
Digital copy of entry by Child Care Officer relating to Witness 48. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 48. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 48's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 27 December 2015 [C/D/AW1/B1/8/WS000406].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A1/5/WD003481
Date: October 1st 1981 - October 1st 1981
Digital copy of entry by Senior Child Care Officer Anton Skinner relating to Witness 48 and his siblings. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 48. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 48's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 27 December 2015 [C/D/AW1/B1/8/WS000406].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A1/5/WD003482
Date: February 3rd 1983 - February 3rd 1983
Digital copy of notes relating to Witness 73. Signed by Pauline Vautier in place of Danny Wherry. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 73. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 73's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 14 September 2014 [C/D/AW1/B1/11/WS000443].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A1/9/WD003893
Date: November 11th 2004 - November 29th 2004
Digital copy of a Report on Witness 85. [Some details redacted]. Undated, c. 1990 to 1992. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 85. For Witness 85's statement to the States of Jersey Police dated 4 June 2008, see C/D/AW1/B1/10/WS000112.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/15/WD000435
Date: 1990 - 1992
Digital copy of a Letter from Witness 85 to [Child Care Officer] [Richard] Davenport. [Some details redacted]. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 85. For Witness 85's statement to the States of Jersey Police dated 4 June 2008, see C/D/AW1/B1/10/WS000112.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/15/WD000502
Date: 1998 - 1998
Digital copy of a Letter from Senior Child Care Officer [Anne] Herrod to Witness 85. [Some details redacted]. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 85. For Witness 85's statement to the States of Jersey Police dated 4 June 2008, see C/D/AW1/B1/10/WS000112.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/15/WD000503
Date: 1993 - 1993
Digital copy of a witness statement from a former member of staff at Haut de la Garenne relating to Witness 184's residence at Haut de la Garenne. Page 3 of 3. Undated. [Some details redacted]. For Witness 184's statements to States of Jersey Police dated 18 March 2008 and 30 April 2008 see C/D/AW1/B1/2/1/18/WS000135 and C/D/AW1/B1/2/1/18/WS000136 respectively.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/1/23/WD001221
Digital copy of a Case Note by Child Care Officer Mr R [Richard] Davenport. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 155. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 155's witness statement to States of Jersey Police dated 9 April 2008 [C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/11/WS000345].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/17/WD002709
Date: May 3rd 1985 - May 3rd 1986
Digital copy of a Letter from [Witness 182's stepfather] to [Child Care Officer] Mr [Hal] Coomer. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 182. [Some details redacted]. For Witness 182's witness statements to States of Jersey Police see C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/16.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/23/WD003246
Date: 1980 - 1980
Digital copy of a witness statement [from a former member of staff of Haut de la Garenne] to States of Jersey Police as part of Operation Rectangle. Provided in the presence of D C [Detective Constable] [Angela] Harvey. Undated, c. 2007 to 2009. [Some details redacted]. For Witness 13's statements to States of Jersey Police dated 29 February 2008, 2 May 2008, 30 March 2009, and 1 December 2009 see C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/2/WS000354, C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/2/WS000355, C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/2/WS000356, and C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/2/WS000357 respectively.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/3/WD002866
Date: 2007 - 2009
Digital copy of entry by Child Care Officer Richard Davenport relating to Witness 28's potential move to [Basil Lodge Hostel] operated by the Jersey Association of Youth and Friendship. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 28. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 28's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 15 January 2015 [C/D/AW1/B3/5/WS000334].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/5/WD002349
Date: January 25th 1980 - January 31st 1980
Digital copy of Social Enquiry Report from the Children's Office for the Jersey Juvenile Court relating to Witness 28. Signed by Child Care Officer Dorothy Inglis and Children's Officer C A Smith. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 28. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 28's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 15 January 2015 [C/D/AW1/B3/5/WS000334].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/5/WD002422
Date: May 21st 1980 - May 21st 1980
Digital copy of report to the Juvenile Court relating to Witness 28. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 28. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 28's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 15 January 2015 [C/D/AW1/B3/5/WS000334].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/5/WD002423
Date: May 19th 1980 - May 19th 1980
Digital copy of Social Enquiry Report from the Children's Office for the Jersey Juvenile Court relating to Witness 28. Signed by Child Care Officer Dorothy Inglis and Children's Officer C A Smith. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 28. [Some details redacted]. Used as evidence in relation to Witness 28's witness statement to the Inquiry dated 15 January 2015 [C/D/AW1/B3/5/WS000334].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/5/WD002424
Date: September 19th 1980 - September 19th 1980
Digital copy of a Memorandum from [a member of Haut de la Garenne staff] to [Children's Officer] Mr [C A] Smith. Taken from the Children's Services client file of Witness 98. [Some details redacted]. For Witness 98's statement to States of Jersey Police dated 9 April 2008 see C/D/AW1/B1/2/2/6/WS000344.
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/6/2/8/WD002687
Date: May 18th 1975 - May 18th 1975
Digital copy of a Newscutting of an advertisement for the role within the Children's Service working as a Residential Child Care Officer at Heathfield. Undated, c. 1987 to 1991. [Some details redacted].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/7/1/WD004667
Date: 1987 - 1991
Digital copy of a Job Description for the post of Preventative Worker within the Adolsecent Service Team at Heathfield. [Some details redacted].
Reference: C/D/AW1/A3/7/1/WD004669
Date: March 17th 1989 - March 17th 1989
Digital copy of an Act of the Education Committee concerning the withdrawal of an offer of a position at Heathfield Children's Home following receipt of the applicant's police record. [Some details redacted]. | {
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803 | has been performing for Houston audiences for over 20 years. Catastrophic Theatre: The Blackest Shore, Detroit, A Very Tamarie Christmas, Middletown, Marie and Bruce, Tamarie Cooper’s Old as Hell, There is a Happiness That Morning Is, Waiting for Godot, Fleaven, Tamarie Cooper’s DOOMSDAY REVUE, American Falls, The United States of Tamarie, Paradise Hotel, Bluefinger, The Tamarie Cooper Show (2008, 2009), Spirits to Enforce, Our Late Night. Infernal Bridegroom Productions: Tamalalia (4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10), The Danube, In the Under Thunderloo, We Have Some Planes, Phaedra’s Love, Actual Air, Meatbar, Jerry’s World, Rhinoceros, Baal, Medea, Microscope Maintenance and Repair, Speeding Motorcycle, Hide Town, Twenty Love Songs. Kyle has also worked in productions with Zachary Scott Theatre, Stages Repertory Theatre, Houston Shakespeare Festival, Children’s Theatre Festival, Brazosport Lazer Pantherz, Slump, Mystery Café, University of Houston School of Theatre, and Edward Albee workshops. | {
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804 | has been performing for Houston audiences for over 20 years. Catastrophic Theatre: The Blackest Shore, Detroit, A Very Tamarie Christmas, Middletown, Marie and Bruce, Tamarie Cooper’s Old as Hell, There is a Happiness That Morning Is, Waiting for Godot, Fleaven, Tamarie Cooper’s DOOMSDAY REVUE, American Falls, The United States of Tamarie, Paradise Hotel, Bluefinger, The Tamarie Cooper Show (2008, 2009), Spirits to Enforce, Our Late Night. Infernal Bridegroom Productions: Tamalalia (4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10), The Danube, In the Under Thunderloo, We Have Some Planes, Phaedra’s Love, Actual Air, Meatbar, Jerry’s World, Rhinoceros, Baal, Medea, Microscope Maintenance and Repair, Speeding Motorcycle, Hide Town, Twenty Love Songs. Kyle has also worked in productions with Zachary Scott Theatre, Stages Repertory Theatre, Houston Shakespeare Festival, Children’s Theatre Festival, Brazosport Lazer Pantherz, Slump, Mystery Café, University of Houston School of Theatre, and Edward Albee workshops. | {
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805 | 1Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed.
2And they that have believing masters, let them not despise them, because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they are believers and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and exhort.
3If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness;
4He is proud, knowing nothing, but doting over questions and disputes of words, out of which comes envy, strife, railings, evil suspicions,
5Perverse wranglings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw yourself.
6But godliness with contentment is great gain.
7For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out.
8And having food and clothing let us be with these things content.
9But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which plunge men into destruction and perdition.
10For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.
11But you, O man of God, flee these things; and follow after righteousness, godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness.
12Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, to which you are also called, and have professed a good profession before many witnesses.
13I give you charge in the sight of God, who brings all things to life, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession;
14That you keep this commandment without spot, irreproachable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ:
15Who in his times he shall show, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords;
16Who only has immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man has seen, nor can see: to whom be honor and power everlasting. Amen.
17Charge them that are rich in this present age, that they be not haughty, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy;
18That they do good, that they be rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to share;
19Laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life.
20O Timothy, keep that which is committed to your trust, avoiding profane and vain utterances, and oppositions of what is falsely called knowledge:
21Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace be with you. Amen.
Commentaries for 1 Timothy 6:0
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About Catena
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. - 2 Peter 1:20 | {
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806 | This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use and disclosure of Personal Information when you use our Service.
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807 | An epic overland journey from Nairobi to Pretoria covering scenic game parks, tropical Zanzibar and lush beaches of Mozambique, the third largest lake in Africa and the ‘Smoke That Thunders’ over the dramatic Victoria Falls.
1 operator review add to wish list on wish listx
Discounted 5% Saving $249 pp
Visits Countries: Kenya Tanzania Zanzibar Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe Mozambique South Africa
Accommodation: Camping
Visiting Parks: Masai Mara (Kenya), Victoria Falls NP (Zimbabwe), Hwange NP (Zimbabwe), Matobo NP (Zimbabwe), Kruger NP (South Africa), Ngorongoro Crater (Tanzania), Serengeti NP (Tanzania), Mosi-oa-Tunya NP (Zambia)
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808 | Our semi-formal is a themed dance similar to homecoming! sisters get together and dance the night away. Our formal dance is much like a prom, where awards are given out to members and seniors receive special gifts as well. Formal is a great opportunity to recognize our individual members for being outstanding women inside and out! We also have our crush party where chapter members go all out to dress in theme. Past themes include: Decades, NFL, Barnyard bash, and more! | {
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809 | Congregational Church of East Hampton – COVID-19 Updates – May 25, 2021 COVID-19 Updates – May 25, 2021 – Congregational Church of East Hampton
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COVID-19 Updates – May 25, 2021
COVID-19 Updates – May 25, 2021
May 26, 2021 by webadmin All Announcements, Email Announcements
May 25, 2021
To Members of the Congregational Church of East Hampton:
First, we want to thank each of you for the patience and the understanding to each other in response to the COVID 19 pandemic. This has been a trying and stressful time for all of us, and we want to thank all of you for working with church leadership as we tried new things, quickly changed and modified plans, and worked through the adaptations we had to make in order to continue to be the faith community that everyone expects. Though these difficult days, we still were able to hold Sunday service, provide Christian education to our young people, hold fund raisers, and offer community service events. We should be proud of the achievements we made even while our church building was shuttered. As Reverend Jim Latimer told us: “The Church was always open, only the building was closed!”
As you know, effective May 19, 2021, the state of Connecticut has removed limitations on indoor attendance and relaxed the rules on wearing masks and maintaining social distances. The Church Council met on May 24 in order to discuss the most recent recommendations and determine what our policies would be going forward to effectively implement the state’s guidelines to hold in-person worship services.
This is our current strategy now in effect for in-person services:
Mask wearing for people who are fully vaccinated is not mandatory except while singing
Those who are not fully vaccinated should continue to wear a mask throughout the entire service and practice social distancing
The choir will remain in the quartet mode, though other choir members may join from the choir benches/loft
Sunday School participants should continue to wear masks and practice social distancing
The church will continue to live-stream Sunday services using Zoom
Other topics such as returning the pew bibles and hymnals, resuming using the collection plates, the resumption of coffee hour in Fellowship Hall, and other pending topics will be revisited at next month’s Church Council meeting. We are taking a slow approach to being “back to normal”, but we do know that as people of faith, our commitment to the health and well-being of ourselves and our communities takes precedence.
A time of fellowship after Sunday services has happened without any planning on our part in the parking lot between the church and the school, and we encourage all to continue that practice. Other groups who use our facilities such as the Garden club, the Boy Scouts, and other groups are also being informed of our strategy.
We humbly ask that everyone show patience during this time. This is an excerpt from an article that was suggested about that topic:
Patience is one of the rarest virtues in today’s insta-everything world. And yet patience has rarely been more needed, as many of us are antsy to break free of “stay home” isolation and get back to normalcy as soon as possible. To be sure, it is good and right to be eager to gather again as churches. We should take Hebrews 10:25 seriously when it says we ought not neglect meeting together. We should feel the ache of what is lost when we only meet virtually, and every Christian should long for the day when “church on Zoom” gives way to “church in a room.” That day will come. But we should be careful to not rush it. We should be careful to not go faster than governments allow, or faster than those in our community can understand. We should be patient with a timeline that might be slower than we’d prefer; patient with a reopening process that will doubtless be clunky; patient with leaders feeling the pressure of this complex situation; and patient with one another as we figure out the new normal. Those who are not comfortable with physical gatherings should be patient with those who are, and vice versa. As hard as it will be to practice patience, remember that in the scheme of eternity this season—whether it’s months long or years—will be but a blip.
Please keep our church, our community, and our nation in your prayers as we continue to face these challenging times together.
Jerry Gerkey, Moderator ([email protected])
Jim Latimer, Minister ([email protected]) 610-568-2480
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810 | The Canadian Committee for the IUCN (CCIUCN) exists to bring people, organizations and ideas together with the common goal of protecting biodiversity in Canada. By supporting Canadian biodiversity, we can ensure a brighter future for wildlife and the habitats in which they live.
Our Mission
Working together to inform, connect and promote conservation actions and policies in Canada that advance the work of the IUCN.
Our Vision
A world where Canadians value and conserve nature.
What We Do
The primary purpose of the CCIUCN is to provide a voice and networking platform for Canadians involved in IUCN work. Through the CCIUCN, individuals and organizations that support the IUCN in Canada actively share information and create opportunities for collective action. As a community, we have a particular interest in working intergenerationally and with diverse cultures (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) to ensure different world views and perspectives are represented. As a highly supportive and collegial non-profit organization, the CCIUCN aims to inspire its members to showcase the diversity of conservation work taking place in Canada through its Annual General Meeting and through its various communication channels. In addition, the CCIUCN is a hub for sharing applicable global IUCN news, information and expertise.
Click here to become a Member
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About Us
The CCIUCN is a member-based organization of caring Canadians who wish to see, and are working toward, a world that values and conserves nature. This vision is held by the global organizing body – the IUCN – and together, our Canadian network is working in ways that help advance IUCN goals. | {
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814 | Metal Trade, Copper Industry and Trade, Copper Mines and Mining, Sign and Signboards, Woody Plants, Trees While most "thermometer" signs register success by rising, that of the Homestake Copper Company of Calumet shows progress by falling. The sign is an indicator of the Centennial No. 6 mine dewatering projects, showing the original level of the water in the mine and its removal to date. The 31st level was reached this past Saturday. Bailing began April 2 when the water was at the 27th level. The thermometer in this case is the mine's shaft. [Photo of the sign indicating the progress made in removing water from the mine.] | {
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815 | There are diverse voices calling for our attention. Voices of doubts, voices of disbelief, voices of fear. As believers, we have to learn to tune them all out and focus on what God has said. When God says ‘Go’, we have to learn to tune out the voice that questions it.
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Many believers understand that God is more than willing to speak with them and lead them. But they also wonder how they can discern the voice of God. They ask questions like: – What does He sound like? – In what way does He communicate? – How can I be sure He is the one?...
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God is more willing to lead us than we are willing to be led by Him. Irrespective of our past faults and failures, Jesus loves us and because of that, He will never hesitate to lead us! | {
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816 | A little personal story: This photo was taken a few years ago, right before I moved from Groningen...
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817 | No matter how big the mountain you aim to climb, take it one step at a time. . . . . . #mlkmemorial...
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Not all masks are built the same! 😷We recommend these masks from Costco to our whole team. They’re... | {
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818 | to ensure that faculty and staff are equipped with the knowledge and skills to undertake their roles effectively;
to ensure that the development needs of individuals and teams are met in line with organizational need;
to ensure that effective systems and processes for the identification and support of development needs are in place;
to ensure that staff development needs are addressed equitably and fairly within the University’s diversity and equality frameworks;
all staff, regardless of grade, experience, length of service, level within the organization, or location should have access to appropriate developmental opportunities. | {
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819 | ‘Flying’ through the ocean: Researchers find the sea butterfly swims like insects fly | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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‘Flying’ through the ocean: Researchers find the sea butterfly swims like insects fly
Thursday, February 18, 2016
By Jason Maderer, Georgia Tech News Center
It turns out that the sea butterfly (Limacina helicina), a zooplankton snail that lives in cold oceans, lives up to its name.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering scientists have discovered that a tiny sea snail called a pteropod swims the same way an insect flies. Their findings are generating interest across the globe:
A 'Sea Butterfly' Swims the Same Way Insects Fly – Gizmodo
Tiny sea snail 'swims like a bee' – BBC News
Bizarre snail that swims like a flying insect: High-speed cameras reveal how 'sea butterflies' propel themselves through water – Daily Mail
Tiny sea snail floats like a butterfly, swims like a bee – Wired UK
Tiny sea snail swims by flapping its 'wings' like an insect, US scientists discover – Independent
Swim Like a Butterfly? Sea Snail 'Flies' Through Water – LiveScience
Gelatinous sea snails ‘fly’ through water as if with wings, scientists say – Christian Science Monitor
Sea Snail "Flies" Underwater Like an Insect – Discovery News
This Cute Li'l Snail Lives in the Sea and "Flies" Through Water With Wing-Like Appendages – Mic
WATCH: Incredible Tiny Snail Beats Its Watery Wings And 'Flies' – NPR
A Sea Snail That Moves Like a Flying Insect – New York Times
Georgia Institute of Technology researchers went to the Pacific Ocean to scoop up hundreds of the 3-millimeter marine mollusks (called pteropods), and then used high-speed cameras to watch how they move. They found that sea butterflies don’t paddle like most small water animals. Instead, they’re like flying insects, flapping their wings to produce lift and propel them through the water.
“Snails evolutionarily diverged from flying insects 550 million years ago,” said Donald Webster, a professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. “Hence, it is amazing that marine snails are using the same figure-eight wing pattern that is typical of their very distant airborne relatives.”
Another amazing similarity between the pteropods and insects is the use of a clap-and-fling wing motion. Each species claps its wings together, then rapidly flings them apart to generate enhanced lift.
“Almost all other plankton use their appendages as paddles, kind of like a turtle,” said David Murphy, who led the study and received his Georgia Tech doctoral degree in 2012. “Sea butterflies are honorary insects.”
Murphy is now a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University.
The team did find one major difference in sea butterflies and flying insects. Nearly two-thirds of the plankton’s body is its shell. When it’s not moving forward, it sinks to the ocean floor. To avoid sinking, the pteropod rotates its body up to 60 degrees with each stroke. The rotation puts its wings in the proper position to flap downward during every half-stroke (about 10 times per second) and move in an upward, zig-zag path in the water.
“Insects and birds don’t typically rotate their bodies in a similar manner to generate lift,” Webster said. “By rotating their shell during each stroke, sea butterflies put their wings in a position to always generate upward thrust and fly forward.”
The researchers study the plankton for two reasons. First, they play a vital role in the food web in the Pacific, Arctic and southern oceans. Fish, seals and sea birds eat them in massive quantities. Second, absorption of carbon dioxide increases the acidity of the oceans. As carbon dioxide levels increase in the future, so will seawater acidity, which breaks down the shells of pteropods. The Georgia Tech team wanted to better understand how they moved. The next steps in the research are seeing how changes in both shell composition and fluid viscosity affect its ability to rotate its body and “fly” upward.
Civil Engineering Postdoctoral Fellow Deepak Adhikari and School of Biology Professor Jeannette Yen also co-authored the research paper. They both traveled to Antarctica in 2014, in part, to study pteropods, which grow as large as six millimeters in the frigid southern ocean.
In addition to better understanding the biomechanics of the animal’s movement, the team thinks their findings could someday help engineers build miniature autonomous robots that swim in the ocean.
The study, “Underwater flight by the planktonic sea butterfly,” is published in the current issue of the Journal of Experimental Biology. | {
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819
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820 | Ahmedabad as a city was introduced to me in a classroom as I read in history textbooks of it being the epicentre of the non-violent movement for India's independence. But a quick visit to the city introduced me to the multitude of charms this 600 year old walled city has to offer. From being an important hub of the textile industry to the incredible architecture of its forts and mosques, from the bustle of the narrow lanes in busy chowks to the vibrancy of Navratri festivities.
Listed are a few snapshots from my hurried yet lovely visit:
SABARMATI ASHRAM
If on your trip to Ahmedabad you wish to visit a place where you can find a complete peace and steeped in history, the Sabarmati Ashram would make for a perfect pit stop. Situated approximately 5km from Ahmadabad city center and located on the banks of the river Sabarmathi, the ambiance of whole ashram can be described in one word – serene. At the home of Mahatma Gandhi where he resided between 1917 and 1930 which has its own place in history as being the place the Dandi March, one can find complete details of this historical man known as the Father of the Nation.
Apart from a spectacular collection of photographs and memorabilia from Gandhiji's life, the ashram evokes memories of times gone by. The simple room with a spinning wheel and a floor cushion where discussions were held giving birth to the Indian freedom movement is a must see. A peaceful reminder of non-violence in a violent world.
ADALAJ VAV - The favourite part about my visit to Ahmedabad.
Step wells or vav in Gujrati are an amazing display of ancient engineering that has narrow steps built on three sides of the wall in perfect symmetery that lead down to the well. Step-wells are usually a part of a complex that include a temple and rest-stop. The entry to this almost 500 year old historical site is surprisingly free. The moment you enter it, you feel the reduced temperature. The well is a 5 storied structure with stone carvings adorning it's base and arched alcoves fashioned to last centuries. We visited fairly early in the morning, around 10 AM. Most of the people there seemed to be art students who were sketching the well. The entry structure has sculpted motifs and is very pretty to look at.
I found it to be a unique place. The site does not seem to have any timings or even security nor is there any artificial source of light. If it is raining outside, the steps could be slippery. The steps are not disabled friendly by any stretch of the imagination and will pose a challenge to couch potatoes. Going down and then coming up the flight of stairs will mean that many unused leg muscles will be announcing themselves very loudly. Well worth a visit.
Manek Chowk
Budget shoppers paradise. By day a jewellery square situated between the tombs of the Shah and the Queen (visit both, since they are extraordinary examples of Gujarati Islamic architecture), the place is teeming with dry fruit vendors, silver jewellery and merchants selling reams of bandhani and block print cotton material that can be fashioned into kurtas, bedspreads and myraid of other options. After sunset, the entire space is transformed to a vegetarian outdoor eatery with a variety of Chinese/Indian/Gujarati food served in the various stalls.
Do not fear the crowd and enjoy the experience. Finish diner with the best kulfis in town from Asharfilal and go for a stroll in the nearby streets. Ahmedabadis truly deserve the fame of being foodies.
Amdavad ma aapnu swaagat che.
Until next time.
Posted by Ceej 04:10 Archived in India Tagged ahmedabad adalaj_stepwell vav vaav sabarmati_ashram Comments (0)
BERLIN
A chapter right off a high school world history textbook
27.06.2017 - 30.06.2017 2 °C
There are many reminders small and large that continue to stand all across Berlin serving as a silent yet valuable reminder of a once-divided country and city. But Berlin as I came to recognise lives the term "Vergangenheitsbewältigung" - which literally translates to "the struggle to overcome the [negatives of the] past". The city is brimming with art, music, history, culture and so much more.
It feeds off its history while adapting itself to today. I saw graffiti on the walls, plush cars straight out of the Auto Expo, sidewalks wider than roads, buildings that are not too tall that it blocks the contrast this glistening city creates against the beautiful blue sky.
Yes. Berlin is a very special part of the world indeed.
A few snippets from a brief trip to this fascinating city.
BRANDENBURG GATE
All roads in Berlin literally lead to the Brandenburg Gate. Interiors of metro trains, marks on pathways, ... all point towards this beautiful vicory gate. (Observation: It resembles the Archway on the grounds of the Louvre Museum). This historic entrance built to reflect the German nations former glories has lot of space around it so the crowds are well spread.
A block away from the Brandenburg Gate is the HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL.
This abstract monument honestly touches a raw nerve with anyone who has any understanding of Germany's "questionable" role in one of the darkest chapters of world history. A walk between the 2711 concrete blocks of varying heights, physically provoked anxiety in me, conveying some of the terror of what happened in Germany in the 1930's and 40's. This memorial is not particularly flashy, but maybe that is the precise point. Each visitor is able to wander through the memorial with their own thoughts and seek an independent interpretation, while remembering how the Holocaust changed our world forever.
SOVIET WAR MEMORIAL
ALEXANDER PLATZ
Alexanderplatz is a big square in the middle of Berlin with lots of stores, restaurants, cafes. I found to be a really good spot to hang out with friends and grab some lunch. Discovered to my glee that the place has such a young-hip-cool-and-animated vibe and is flanked by modernistic monuments like the TV tower, the World Clock and the Fountain of Friendship. Plus there were a ton of street artists showcasing their art all through the square.
WORLD CLOCK
FOUNTAIN OF FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLES
EAST SIDE GALLERY :
Seeing the wall in its full scale was an incredible experience and the highlight of my trip to Berlin. There is a fairly long portion of the wall still intact, decorated with art and graffiti.
Its strange that when I first arrived in Berlin, I hadn’t pay much thought as to the scale of it. Berlin is massive and extremely developed that is quite incredible when you consider that this city was until 25 years ago separated and was the setting for some of the most world changing events from the last century. Standing in front of a portion of the wall that formed the separation between East and West Germany was such a moving experience especially, when you reflect back about the past 80 years of history in this city which has found such a large amount of space in our history texbooks and makes you think of all the people who were affected.
But I truly believe Berlin has a few lessons to teach the world and considering the divisive climate taking over the world in the present day. We all have to re-look at history and could do with some lessons in Vergangenheitsbewältigung.
Until next time,
Sowmya
Posted by Ceej 02:33 Archived in Germany Tagged berlin holocaust_memorial berlin_wall brandenburg_gate east_side_gallery alexander_platz Comments (0)
THE GRANDEUR THAT WAS ROME
A weekend exploring remnants of a glorious empire on the city's 2770th birthday
20.04.2017 - 23.04.2017 5 °C
A mound on top of a hill close to the Roman Forum is said to be place where the small non-descript village on the banks of the Tiber once stood and the brothers Romulus and Remus, twin brothers abandoned after birth and raised by a she-wolf grew up. It is said that when a fierce argument erupted between them, Romulus killed Remus and gave his own name to the tiny settlement that would grow into a great empire on the 21st of April in the year 753 BC.
COLOSSEUM
A must see attraction in Rome is the Colosseum. You can visit the Colosseum, the Forum, and Palatine Hill in one tour panning 4-5 hours. Which includes quite a bit of walking along uneven surfaces and steep stairs. The front area is usually packed with ticket sellers, tour guides and hawkers, and since the lines for tickets to the Colosseum are long and people end up waiting an average of 90 minutes, the entire space resembles running a gauntlet.
Just being inside this architectural wonder with its amphitheatrical structure and understanding the reserved seating system which corresponded with on of the 76 gates was such a fascinating experience. Just the sheer scale of the Colosseum and the realisation of how much of Rome's history is packed into this space and that more than 2000 years later, it still stands is enough to make it a surreal place to visit.
TIP: Buy tickets online for the skip the line tours with a good company. The tour takes approximately 4 hours and concludes on the summit of the Palantine Hill. It includes 10-20 people and a knowledgeable and patient guide.
ROMAN FORUM
Apart from the Trevi fountain, the Roman Forum qualifies as my favourite place in Rome. This is the heart of Ancient Rome and in my opinion should be where the Ancient Rome tour should start - at the Palantine Hill. Since Rome was founded here, and grew through the era of Ceasar's and the Colosseum was the highest point. But since getting into the Colosseum is a feat in itself, most tours are conducted in the reverse order.
Entering the forum through the ceremonial arch and strolling along the Via Sacra brings back to mind images of chariots being driven through those stone pathways. The Via Sacra was a very important road during the Roman Empire since it was along this road that armies returned to Rome, and Emperors travelled to their coronations. The sheer number of sights to visit in this space is mind numbing. The fascinating temple of the vestal virgins, the funeral pyre of Julius Cesar, the little gardens, the ruins of Saturn's temple and even a gateway to hell!
FOUNTAINS AND SQUARES
Rome is estimated to have more than 2000 fountains and almost every square in Rome is adorned with a beautiful fountain at its center. Like so many other elements of Rome, these fountains are pure works of art. Some are small, large, famous, hidden, built by great artists, some with origins unknown in every possible shape and size. I happened upon most of the fountains in Rome after traipsing through narrow twisting streets and housed in a picturesque square. Each square that hosts these fountains are great places to just sit and people watch over a coffee/wine and soak up the ambiance. Plus the fountains themselves are exquisite examples of baroque carving.
TREVI FOUNTAIN - an aquatic dream and my favourite place to visit in the Eternal City.
PIAZZA NAVONA
FONTANA DEL PANTHEON
PANTHEON
Situated in its own little square surrounded by narrow lanes is the only fully standing monument of the Ancient Rome. Originally commissioned by Julius Agrippa and built in the honour of all the Roman Gods 2000 years ago, this ancient temple is today a Christian church. Entry is free and I hear that it gets very crowded through the day as most tourist attractions in Rome do. I visited at 8:30 in the morning and had the entire place all to myself which turned out to be a glorious experience. The occulus in the ceiling is extraordinary and made me want to return to see the pillar of light at noon and when it is rains, especially after I saw the system to drain the water on the floor.
FOOD!! GLORIOUS FOOD!!!
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER WHILE PLANNING A TRIP TO ROME:
• You do not have to buy a Rome Pass. The public transportation is quite extensive and services most of the places to visit. A bus/metro ticket is
valid for 100 minutes and costs 1.50 euros. There are also 24-hour and 3-day tickets which are not expensive.
• Everyone who visits Rome seems to have a scary story about aggressive pickpockets or con artists. So I would advice a good degree of
awareness of your surroundings and some quick thinking. You definetely see a lot of them hanging out by the metro ticket machines and try to
fleece you by by of helping you with ticket issuance.
• Italians linger a long time over a meal. Unless you call for their attention, the waiters usually let you be to enjoy your wine. The tip is generally
included in the price of the meal. You can choose to round the bill up and leave a bit extra.
• The famous touristy squares are stunning backdrops for a drink and to linger in the evenings, but the food in the restaurants is often is
disappointing and expensive.
Rome is so much more than what lies in ruins today. But I guess I will have to visit again to explore that side.
Arrivederci Roma!!
Sowmya
Posted by Ceej 23:53 Archived in Italy Comments (0)
A QUIET MORNING AT THE VATICAN
MADE FOR A PERFECT POST IN PICTURES
01.05.2017 3 °C
6:45 AM : Outside the Vatican walls.
The Vatican Museum entrance.
The Vatican Museums, one of the largest museums in the world, consists of 54 galleries including the Sistine Chapel, and contain some 70,000 works of art yet only about 20,000 are on display. Numerous scholars and art conservationists maintain this large body of work. We were told there are 3 1/2 miles of museums inside the Vatican complex. On the last Sunday of each month, the Vatican Museum is open to the public for free to one of the world's most extensive collections of art.
First view of the Vatican.
Gallery of Tapestries.
This is the usual place where a tour of the Vatican is begun. We began our tour in the . Four hundred years ago, tapestries were among the most prized objects in palace collections. Beautiful and portable, they also helped to keep the stone castles warm by hanging on the chilly walls. Tapestries are made of silk, wool and silver that flickered in candlelight dazzling the early view with sparkling light. Barberini’s Life of Christ tapestries are among the many tapestries hanging in the 75 meter long Gallery of Tapestries in the Vatican. Our guide pointed out the bees in the corner of the his tapestries as a signature of Barberini. In fact these bees are seen throughout Rome on everything from properties to frescoes. I thought of the industrious Mormon Beehive and wondered if there was any similarity in the symbolism. Not to be forgotten in this gallery are the amazing fresco-ed ceilings that hover above, but one really needs a recliner or a neck brace to view them for any length of time.
Resurrection of Christ at the tapestry gallery of the Vatican museums
The Gallery of Maps.
This is the longest tunnel of the Vatican Museums measuring 120 meters, paintings, frescoes and statues light up and adorn the arched ceiling as if blanketed with gold. The rich ceiling frescoes illustrate stories from the lands depicted on the maps on the walls. The brilliant blue painted topographical maps of Italy based on drawings by friar and geographer Ignazio Danti, cover the walls of this beautiful gallery and stunningly contrast with the vibrant golden ceiling covered in absolutely marvellous works of art.
Marble statutes
A hastily and sneakily taken grainy picture of Michelangelo's ceiling in the Sistine Chapel. Photography is not permitted within the confines of the Sistine chapel and there are guards stationed all over who yell (quite loudly) if they see you whipping out a camera to take a picture of the famed ceiling.
Seeing the exit of the Sistine Chapel when it was completely void of tourists!!!
Entrance of St. Peters Basilica
Inside St. Peters Basilica
The Pieta by Michelangelo - a brilliant sculpture that is a representation of Mary holding Jesus's body once it was brought down from the cross post the crucification.
The dome above the Pieta.
Vatican Square
The famed Pontiffical Swiss Guards who have been guarding the Pope for more than five centuries in their colourful medieval uniforms.
Until next time,
CJ
Posted by Ceej 08:51 Archived in Vatican City Comments (0)
A SUNNY DAY IN LUXEMBOURG
14.04.2017 5 °C
A 2 hour train ride aboard the Eurorail from Paris brings you to the small but incredibly picturesque country called Luxembourg City. Luxembourg City shares the title of 'Capital of Europe' with Brussels and Strasbourg. The population is incredible diverse with the foreigner population making up 70%.
A must visit part of this small city/country is the Grund. A 15 minute walk from the Centrale and a swift 65 meters elevator ride down, brings you to an area that is quieter, beautiful and much more charming than the city. The Grund offers breathtaking views of picturesque stone cottages, a small church, a peaceful little river bordered by the outer fortifications of the castle and loads of eye-catching patches of green. A local in fact told me "Dont worry dearie, you're never going to get lost here. Just follow the Azlette".
The best way to explore the OLD TOWN was by the Wenzel Walk, which leads you around a walking trail through the oldest foundations of Luxembourg-City and encompassing almost all the best sights in the Old Town. The tour covers approximately 5 kilometers weaving up and down through different levels of the city. The Old Town exhibits the perfect example of military architecture and there are layers of walls built for defense of the city. Each level according to the guide was built by a different empire and at different times in Luxembourg’s history. As a result, the levels of fortification are not an even level but it makes for brilliant views from different vantage points. The casemates which are passageways carved into the mountainside are quite eerie to walk through especially if you are alone. I even saw part of the old aqueduct.
The City Centre of Luxembourg is a shoppers delight considering it is in fact, it is the richest country in Europe! With shopping streets filled with upscale designers, charming boutiques and street side cafes.
Once you're done seeing the sights, a nice place to spend time is the PLACE d’ARMES. A pretty tree-lined and music-filled square at the edge of the Old Town bordered with open air restaurants and space for exhibitions and concerts. During my visit on the eve of Easter, the place was filled with Easter markets and chocolatiers.
The Luxembourg Centrale which is the central train station is an architectural treat by itself. You can for a price of 4 Euros buy a day ticket that allows you to navigate through the length and breadth of this small charming country making use of its extensive public transport system comprising of metro trains, trams and buses.
Until next time
Posted by Ceej 08:45 Archived in Luxembourg Tagged spring luxembourg easter Comments (1)
Happiness is a place called BHUTAN
05.10.2016 - 12.10.2016 10 °C
Shrouded amidst the backdrop of the majestic Himalayas, Bhutan feels like country preserved in a time warp. The culture, traditions and way of life are still a true reflection of past centuries even in the face of the relentless onslaught of modernisation riding on the wings of the 21st century. Bhutan fames itself for being a country where development is measured in terms of Gross National Happiness versus the capitalist measure of GDP. It is a country where Buddhism is not a religion, but a way of life. Where hearts are big and the days are colourful. Where modernity meets history in simple yet unexpected ways. And I found all of this to be true during the week I spent in this gorgeous part of the globe.
The Government of Bhutan is focused on preserving the country's cultural and religious heritage and moderates the number of tourists at any given time in the country. We witnessed testaments to the will of a country to preserve the environment when there is an adopted state policy according to which 60% of the country’s landmass will remain forested for all of eternity. What’s even more brilliant is that they currently have 72% of the landmass under forest cover which makes it the only carbon-negative country on earth.
Having experienced its beautiful people, colourful festivals, awe-inspiring location and deep-rooted beliefs, I came away from Bhutan with one very important take-away: Happiness really is the best parameter to measure the life we lead.
Everyone I have spoken with since returning seem to have so many questions regarding this elusive part on the world map. I have tried answering the most frequently addressed questions in this post.
GETTING THERE : The only airport in Bhutan is in the Paro valley. The state-owned Druk Air and Royal Bhutan Airlines have flights from Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore and Bangkok to Paro. To say the least, this is a flying experience that one will remember considering the sheer size of the aircraft navigating between the mighty mountains to reach this isolated kingdom.
Imagine, the small valley of Paro is at an elevation of 7382 feet and the surrounding Himalayan range roughly ranging between 18,000 to 22,000 feet in altitude is the setting for one of the tightest airplane landings on earth. Apparently there are only 8 pilots qualified to land here. TIP: Try and get a seat to the left side of the aircraft. On a clear day you might get to see the majestic Himalayas towering over the clouds and if luck favours you, you might fly over Mount Everest!!
ATTIRE : The chic traditional dresses KIRA and GHO are the national dress and is even today the most common attire worn by the locals. Visitors are expected to wear full sleeved and full length clothes while visiting the Kingdom.
LANGUAGE : Dzonkha is the native language but almost everyone speaks basic English and a lot of them can speak Hindi.
CUISINE : Three foundational elements act as the cornerstones of Bhutanese cuisine - chilies, rice, and cheese! In Bhutan, chilies are considered a vegetable and not just a spice. They form the main ingredient in most, if not all dishes, so much so that Bhutan’s National Dish, Ema datsi, is a preparation of just chilli peppers and fresh yak cheese, and is available in almost all restaurants. If you are afraid that the dish may be too hot to handle, you can ask the local chefs to cut down on the spice. Pair the dish with native red rice for a complete meal. The rice is mostly red rice (a variety of rice that grows in high altitudes); and other cereal include buckwheat and maize. Meat is common in most dishes and includes chicken, dry beef and pork.
img=https://photos.travellerspoint.com/199563/large_AC259BCAD8F28BC6C799EB8E2A7E4A93.jpg]
Red chillies hanging to dry on a traditional, ornate wooden window frames or rooftops of houses is a common sight in Bhutan.
RELIGION: Bhutan is the only country in the world where Buddhism is the official religion and is endorsed by the government. It is considered one of the last bastions where Tantric Vajrayana form of Mahayana Buddhism is maintained as the state religion. However, the Bhutanese constitution guarantees freedom of religion and citizens and visitors are free to practice any form of worship so long as it does not impinge on the rights of others.
ARCHITECTURE : As you travel through the country you notice early on that the most striking feature of a Bhutanese house (and most buildings for that matter) are the highly decorated rustic windows. Wood is largely used to build houses especially for windows and balconies. The dzongs too seem to be built with wood with stone beams for support. There seem to be three main types of building:
• The Dzongs (fortresses) which are the municipal and religious headquarters in each district.
• Houses that are predominantly 2-3 floored large rural farmhouses.
• Religious structures of various kinds (from large temples to small chortens or stupas).
WEATHER: Bhutan is a country of mountains and valleys, and the climate varies with elevation. The mountains are extremely cold and snowy, but it is humid and subtropical in the hills, and temperate in the valleys.
ECONOMY: Bhutan’s economy is largely agrarian. There seems to be a healthy tourism industry too. I heard from our guide that there is a good mountaineering industry too. Bhutan is home to the only unclaimed mountain in the world- Gangkhar Puensum and since the Bhutanese believe that the high mountains are the abode of the Gods, scaling any mountain higher than 6,000 meters is banned by law. Unlike Nepal where mountaineering is a mega industry, Bhutan does not seem to share its enthusiasm to capitalise on its unique presence on the face of the globe. And though it may sound conservative, that belief in a nutshell explains the Bhutanese ethic.
It is a rustic, removed, remote, pure country which strives to retain its cultural heritage and has avoided becoming globalized like so many others and refuses to use money as a benchmark to compare itself with the world at large.
CURRENCY : Bhutanese Ngultrum is the currency of Bhutan but Indian rupees is also accepted everywhere.
May the winds making the prayer flags across this beautiful country flutter, carry our prayers to the God’s spreading goodwill to all in the world.
Tashidelek and safe travels!!!
Sowmya CJ
Posted by Ceej 06:51 Archived in Bhutan Comments (0)
PARO
12.10.2016 15 °C
According to me, mountainous PARO is the heart of of Bhutan and the very image that a beyul conjures in my mind. The only international airport in Bhutan is located here since the valley is slightly larger than Thimpu.
Paro’s Taktsang Monastry known the world over at the Tiger’s Nest monastery has almost become the iconic symbol of Bhutan in news and print media. The world is full of buildings that are beautiful to look at, while being major feats of engineering, but the first sight of the Tiger’s Nest monastery as it precariously clings to the side of a mountain is an engineering feat that would take years of intricate planning to even begin replicating. The most peculiar feature of this monastery is its isolated location. While it makes for a breathtaking sight and beautiful pictures, it also creates a very unique problem. It is said that in 1998 when a fire started at the monastery, it was completely burnt to the ground as the temple was hard to access and emergency assistance was impossible due to its location and lack of telecommunication.
The trail cuts through a forest of pine trees and decorated with prayer flags symbolising protection from evil forces and blessings of good luck and positive energy. Every time I stopped to catch my breath I was treated to magical views all around. I heard at a rest stop that there are two other paths that pass through a plateau called “a hundred thousand fairies” plateau.
My lungs and legs gave up as I reached the halfway point and I spent four delightful hours in the company of women from around the world (at one point we even arrived at a consensus that we could start our own UN!!)
During a quiet moment of reflection as I sat there in the shadow of the Tigers Nest, I found myself wondering what contentment drives monks to a life so high up in the clouds. And then it dawned on me as I stood there in the light drizzle and a hint of warm sunlight pouring through the dark grey sky in the presence of the majestic Himalayas while far below on the other side was a valley filled with folks who live simple lives but experience simple joys - THIS IS AS CLOSE TO DIVINITY AND GOD THAT MAN CAN COME CLOSE TO.
My friends who trekked the rest of the way and completed the most ardorous part of the trek. Apparently there are the 700 or so steps cut out of rock that first descend to the valley, go past a gushing waterfall on the bridge and then ascend in another long staircase but they did say that the monastery is beautiful with traditional architecture, astounding views and was worth having the wind knocked out of you at times during the ascent.
I highly recommend that you book a nice massage and a traditional "hot stone bath". The tubs for the hot stone bath are constructed of wood and the stones are placed in a section of the bath water. Attendants place more heated stones to the water to bring up the temperature of the water.
Found it to be a perfect way to spend my last evening in Bhutan.
Posted by Ceej 06:27 Archived in Bhutan Comments (0)
PUNAKHA
The region that secures Bhutan the title of "Kingdom in the Clouds"
09.10.2016 - 10.10.2016 9 °C
The first sight of Punakha leaves you with a picture of terraced rice fields shrouded in low lying cloud cover alongside traditional architecture. It is an expansive valley with clusters of villages with a mighty river cutting through the valley floor.
Escaped the confines of the hotel one early morning and ventured to the countryside to catch a glimpse of the village waking up and setting in motion a day in an agrarian village. As the mist lifted I noticed that every house in the village has gardens with flowers bursting in colour and fragrance in the yard along with fruit bearing plants like papaya and oranges and is surrounded by rice fields.
THE PUNAKHA DZONG also known as "The Palace of Happiness"
Built at the confluence of Mo chhu and Pho chhu rivers - the Punakha Dzong is easily blessed in location. Add to it stunning architecture and you have the most beautiful example of Bhutanese architecture.
The inside courtyard is decorated with beautiful Bhutanese iconographies. Through these murals, you get to understand and learn about Buddhist ways and lessons. There are three courtyards and each is connected by a series of passageways that lead you all over the Dzong. Half of the building hosts the religious order and the remaining half is occupied by the local administration. You see young monks all over the place. The boys are apparently taught a variety of subjects including math and are introduced to the monastery lifestyle in order to see if they want to join the religious order and become monks.
FUN FACT : The King of Bhutan throws a party at the palace every year and all of the people in Bhutan are invited! That would definitely be a party no one would want to miss.
IMPORTANT :
Any tourist going beyond Thimphu and Paro need to acquire a 'special area permit' from the RGoB Immigration. Especially if you intend on visiting Punakha, Bumthang or the Haa valley. The tour operators can arrange for this.
Tashi Delek
Posted by Ceej 13:39 Archived in Bhutan Tagged palace of rice mist terrace happiness rafting cloud dzong punakha Comments (0)
THIMPHU
A national capital without traffic lights!!
09.10.2016 10 °C
The drive from Paro to Thimphu is filled with fantastic mountain scenery broken by scenes of rice terraces, soaring mountains covered by pine forests and the mighty Thimphu Chhu flowing along the route.
The sight of the city centre which is believed to be the most crowded area with all the business and establishments amazes a tourist at first sight. It actually looks like the town centre of any quaint town in Switzerland, minus the STOP sign or traffic lights. You then realise that this is the capital of a whole country. It is a common sight seeing traffic officers moderating traffic across the city due to the local belief that that this personal gesture and promotes the feeling of community.
THE THIMPHU TSECHU : that takes place in October of every year, turned out to be a very unique and colourful celebration. Being Indian, I have witnessed my share of loud and colourful festivals but this was a different experience altogether. Tshechu’s are annual religious Bhutanese festivals held in each district of Bhutan on the tenth day of the month of the lunar Tibetan calendar. They offer the opportunity for social bonding amongst people of remote and spread out villages as they gather in the shadow of culture and celebration. Large markets also congregate at the location of the Tshechu. The Paro and Thimpu tshechu’s are said to the largest in terms of participation and audience.
A day of formal sightseeing had us visit Painting schools, Textile museums and a few view points.
ARTS AND CRAFT SCHOOL: Housed in a two storied traditional Bhutanese house, students undergo a 6-year training course in Bhutan 13 traditional arts and crafts. They impart skills to young boys and girls after basic school, as per their individual likes and aptitude. A rigorous training of four to six years is being given to these students in traditional painting, wood carving, sculpture, leather craft, traditional dress making etc, the dedication and motivation of these youngsters is worth admiring. There are souvenir stores on the campus that sell the craft items made by the students.
TEXTILE MUSEUM : I would highly recommend a visit to the Textile museum even though one might be tempted to brush off the experience before visiting. Housed in a modern building with spacious interiors and a glass facade, the experience starts off with a brief video introducing the various fabrics from various regions and then you can pay a visit to the 2 levels of the museum that showcase the different fabrics.
On the second floor there was a very informative video about how to wear a Kira and Gho.
VISIT THE TAKIN MINI ZOO:
The national animal of Bhutan - Takin is an endangered animal with the head of a goat and a body of a yak. A steep trail on the side leads up to a large fenced enclosure that was originally established as a zoo, but the fourth king decided that the animals should not be kept in cages and should be allowed to be as close to their natural habitat in accordance with the kingdoms Buddhist beliefs. Apart from Takin there are mountain goats and barking deer too in this preserve.
108 STUPAS AT DOCHULA PASS : On the way from Thimphu to Punakha are the 108 Stupas at the Dochula Pass that has been built on the highest land pass (3150m) in Bhutan. It is said to be constantly covered in cloud and mist and we heard that on a rare clear day, you can see the Himalayan range from this point. Almost everyone who breaks their journey here seemed to pay a visit to the café on the opposite side which serves hot tea, coffee, chocolate and cream crackers.
To an observer Thimphu with its restaurants, internet cafes, iPhone toting youngsters who like "Wechat", nightclubs, snooker parlours and shopping centers might look modern in its outlook. But one only has to look around and observe the traditional architecture, the absence of traffic, the kiras and ghos to see the traditional side to the city. This juxtaposition of ancient tradition and modernity make Thimphu a truly unique destination.
Cannot wait to see more of this beautiful country.
Our permits are here and we are off to explore PUNAKHA.
Tashi Delek
Posted by Ceej 13:37 Archived in Bhutan Comments (0)
LANDOUR
a place over-run with simple and pure joys.
06.04.2016 - 10.04.2016 6 °C
Landor is a perfect getaway for anyone seeking solitude from the heat and hustle of the cities. This gorgeous part of the world offers breathtaking views of the mighty Himalayas and allows endless opportunities to experience all the virtues of a hill town – gorgeous views, rambling walks, happy people, hot chai, delicious food teemed together with a constant urge to literally stop and smell the flowers.
Situated about 5 kilometres away from the chaos of Mussoorie is its twin - the quaint hilltop town of Landour which was a British cantonment during the days of colonial rule in India and as such came under the Cantonment Act of 1924 which has had a far-reaching ecological impact on the region. This law in particular has prevented deforestation and as a result, Landour remains green in comparison to Mussoorie. Another clause in the act, which terms all non-governmental and non-military buildings post-1924 as “illegal” has saved the town from rampant construction. Only repairs of the existing old houses are allowed.
Just passing through both these towns could very well be considered a study of contrasts - in terms of tourists, carbon footprint, real-estate development and noise levels. Landour, named after Llanddowror a small village in the southwest of Wales calms and relaxes you and nourishes creativity. Just being here amidst the tall deodars and the hills, surrounded with the air thick with the sounds of the naughty whistling schoolboy makes you feel like you have somehow slipped into the world between the pages of a Ruskin Bond novel.
A beautiful trail called the Chakkar winds through these hills and if find yourself here in early April as I was, it offers the opportunity to walk along a path dotted with rhododendron trees bursting in crimson bloom welcoming spring and cutting through the dense pinewood cover. The walk allows for some brilliant birding opportunities with beautiful sights along the way. Some of the highlights of this walk are:
Catching the sight of the Himalayan range from Lal Tibba: On a clear day the walk through the chakkar trail is broken by glimpses of silver peaks glistening at a distance, which is a preview of the uninterrupted sight that can be viewed from Lal Tibba. The view point itself is an unadorned two-storeyed commercial structure with no character and fitted with a telescope for viewing the peaks. There is a helpful mural on the wall identifying the various peaks in the part of the Himalayan range visible from this viewpoint.
St. Paul's Church is a beautiful pause on one end of the Chakkar trail. It was commissioned as the house of worship for the serving officers who came up for recuperation to the hills and for the missionaries who were posted here. Built in 1839 high up in the mountains, this church has seen its share of history. I heard a local say that the Jim Corbett’s parents Christopher and Mary Corbett were married at this very church in 1859. The largely wooden frame of the church also houses tall arched windows framed with beautiful stained Belgian glass windows.
With the backdrop of the setting sun, the beauty of church revealed itself with breathtaking contrast bringing into sharp focus all the details of the dark wood and the altar bathed in gorgeous light only made the contrast of the deep shadows along the pews seem conspicuous.
Landour Language School is yet another lovely stop on the Chakkar trail. It is an almost-100 year old institution housed in the Kellogg Memorial Church complex established with the idea of teaching the Hindi language to the missionaries who cared for the sick soldiers who would come to the hills for recuperation. Even today the language school admits large number of foreigners who visit the school in order to learn Hindi and it is not an uncommon sight to see a person of foreign origin having a conversation in halting Hindi with the locals.
One evening I went down the hill to the heart of Mussorie and dove straight into the chaos of Mall road, I found the entire experience over-rated and exhausting. The whole space is filled with shops hawking everything from woolen wear to Tibetian artifacts and is packed with tourists and honeymooners. I admit it offers a great opportunity for people watching while sampling the many food offerings, but honestly the only reason I undertook this exercise was to meet my childhood hero and one of the best authors of all times. The Cambridge Book Depot on Mussoorie's Mall Road hosts a meet and greet session with Ruskin Bond most Saturday evenings. My ultimate fan moment came when Mr.Bond signed my battered 20 year old copy of Rusty and proceeded to engage me in a conversation about Coorg and anthuriums.
Stepped out of the bookstore to find the Mall road bathed in twilight and the brisk weather prompting me to wrap my scarf a little tighter around my neck. The evening atmosphere of the entire area was such a clash to the tranquility I had experienced for 3 days that I found myself rushing back to the serene twin town. The more distance I put between myself and the hustle and bustle of Mussorie, I came back to the presence of fantastic views of the cloud covered Doon Valley broken by picturesque little houses and the sight of locals going about their business — kids climbing uphill with school backpacks on their wiry frames, teenage sweethearts stealing glaces of each other from balconies, housewives returning with vegetables from the local farmers market and men gathered around small shops that sell tea discussing the days events - all while birds filled their air with their last songs for the day.
I stayed at the beautiful 175 year old heritage property - Rokeby Manor with its stone and wood architecture, balconies, tea gardens, rooms with views overlooking the Doon valley and its very English aura. Spent the stormy evening exploring a charming private library named "Wilson's Chamber" sipping a cup of brilliant masala chai to the sound of rolling thunder.
The walls of this property are decorated with ample sayings oozing with classic British tongue in cheek humor. The walls of Emily's houses some of the best, I particularly loved one that read "Harassing the cook will definitely result in smaller portions" and another that asks you to sleep in the kitchen if you want breakfast in bed.
Char Dukaan a group of 4 shops is a landmark at Landour. You'll find the shops selling different varieties of pancakes, omelettes, Tibetan food and cheese maggi. On that note, the more I've travelled I've come to realise that a hot bowl of maggi and a cup of chai at one of the mountain highway stops is all the refreshment you need to make a hill station experience in India complete. I still remember wolfing down a bowl full of steaming maggi at Rohtang pass and feeling blissfully satiated.
Landour has got to be one of the best birding destinations in the world as it offers a perfect setting for the migratory birds travelling across continents to break their flight. The air is rife with the sound of grosbeaks, finches, tits, sunbirds and flycatchers. In my opinion, birding on the Chakkar trail in the morning is a must do not just for enthusiastic birders.
Life up in the cloud bank is shrouded in mist and rain, broken by beautiful spells of sunshine peeking from in between the tall ancient deodars. If you are the kind of traveller who is travelling with an agenda of visiting a ton of places on a 3-4 day getaway, Landour is definitely not for you.
Landour is where you go to when you just simply want to “be” — be amidst the sparkling air and the towering deodars all in the constant presence of the Himalayas that spring into view on a clear, bright day.
I would go back in a heartbeat, to views of pure majesty and trails lined with fallen pine cones.
Till next time,
Sowmya
Posted by Ceej 04:36 Archived in India Tagged bond landour mussorie paul's_church kellogs_church ruskin chakkar Comments (2) | {
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822 | You arrive at Huber's winery in Malterdingen to be greeted by the ever affable, genuine and 'hell bent of doing everything he can to make it the best' character that is Bernhard Huber. Even though we're more than an hour late thanks to a 'solving the problems of the world' session with Steffen Christmann! The Eurocave where the tasting bottles live is set to 15. The Riedel Burgundy glasses are at the ready. Welcome to a tasting that honours the 700 years of Pinot Noir…
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Special F.X.: Lucas Pichler’s Dazzling Form
July 7, 2012
Securing a spot to taste through the new wines with Lucas Pichler was no mean feat in itself, such was the rugby- scrum of hopefuls surrounding the table. These guys are rock-stars! But timing is everything and as Bengt and I made our move a group where just finishing and were in! The first thing to be said is that the FX wines are better than ever. And that's really saying something as they were always, obviously, very good indeed. I asked Lucas if he'd…
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‘Taste Culture’: Arriving in Vienna
June 2, 2012
On arriving into Vienna some 27 hours since leaving Tullamarine we found the CAT train which whizzed us in ultra-smooth and very quick fashion. There was time for a swift check-in, shower and email download before it was time to meet in the hotel bar with the rest of the visiting Australian contingent. After a well appreciated local beer we set off on what was a delightful 30 minute walk across central Vienna, though a thriving with tourism Stephansplatz square and on to our spot…
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A Fortnight In Austria & Germany
May 27, 2012
In June this year Patrick and Bengt Baumgartner travel to Austria, Germany and on to a sneaky few days in Alsace and Burgundy. Bengt is sommelier at The European in Melbourne and was winner of the 2011 CellarHand/Frankland Estate Riesling Scholarship award. Bengt has already attended the Frankland Estate International Riesling Tasting in Sydney in February this year as part of his prize - and is now about to undertake the second part of the prize - two weeks with some of the greatest Riesling…
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ABOUT CELLARHAND
CellarHand is a Melbourne-based fine-wine importer and wholesale distributor, with a portfolio featuring some of the most sought-after estates of Germany, Austria, France and Italy, as well some of the greatest producers from Australia and New Zealand. | {
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823 | I'm cofounder of the editorial content provider Retrograde Communications. I'm senior editor of Plus magazine and HIVPlusmag.com, the most widely read magazine for people living with or affected by HIV. As a freelance journalist and have written for more than a dozen publications in the past 10 years. Earlier, before I temporarily left journalism to become a park ranger, I helped found a national magazine and ran the circulation department.
Connect with me:
@jake2point0
Facebook
Awards and Updates
2015 Equal Voice Journalism Fellowship - awarded by New America Media
The Equal Voice Fellowship from New America Media is funded by the Marguerite Casey Foundation. In 2015, sixty journalists nationwide competed this year for six journalism grants to support at least one or a series of investigative and exploratory reporting projects on critical poverty issues in underserved communities.
The fellowship provides the journalists from ethnic and mainstream media with an opportunity to deepen their understanding of critical issues of poverty in communities that they serve and to increase the public’s understanding of poverty in the United States.
For the fellowship I am working with Plus magazine to examine the intersections between poverty, race, sexual orientation, gender identity and HIV. My investigative series will focus on the criminalization of HIV, the role incarceration plays in HIV transmission, the link between depression and HIV, and trans women with HIV.
Jacob Anderson-Minshall's Blog
view more »
Can San Francisco’s HIV prevention ‘miracle’ be replicated throughout the state?
San Francisco’s success with early treatment and access to preventive drugs seems to have made a... more »
posted 12/02/15
Jacob Anderson-Minshall's Work
view more »
Project: Could children be evolving resistance to HIV?
Is the human species developing responses to HIV now that we've been exposed to the virus for more than a generation?
Project: Governor Brown signs landmark HIV education bill
In an effort to reduce HIV rates in the state, Governor Brown signed into law a bill that requires those who receive an HIV test with negative results are informed about prevention options like PrEP, the one-a-day pill that's up to 99% effective in preventing HIV.
Lesson: With HIV, the data isn’t as reliable as you think it is
After living there for over a decade, I know San Francisco is uniquely situated when it comes to HIV and AIDS. But I wondered, How are other counties in California fairing in their prevention efforts? | {
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824 | I became a mostly vegetarian--I choose not to eat meat, but I am willing to do so--one morning a year or two ago, when I woke up and decided, simply and without a lot of qualifications, not to eat meat. I walked downstairs and, over coffee, told my wife: I'm not eating meat any longer. And that was that.
Though I wasn't particularly aware of this question turning in my head, it must have been doing so for some time.
Pressed every once and a while (I'm not the sort of person people press often) to explain why I don't eat meat, I usually respond:
1. We don't need to eat meat.
"One farmer says to me, "You cannot live on vegetable food solely, for it furnishes nothing to make bones with"; and so he religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with the raw material of bones; walking all the while he talks behind his oxen, which, with vegetable-made bones, jerk him and his lumbering plow along in spite of every obstacle. Some things are really necessaries of life in some circles, the most helpless and diseased, which in others are luxuries merely, and in others still are entirely unknown. "
2. In any case, we American eat far too much of it. (The average American eat nearly half a pound of meat a day!)
3. It is deleterious of our health; of this there can simply be no doubt. I distrust all of modern nutrition, but I can point to the indubitable fact that every culture that has gone from eating a vegetable, grain, oil and fish diet to a diet that resembles our own American "diet" has grown steadily less healthy, more obese, and stupider.
4. Furthermore, you can have a varied--even more interesting--diet without meat."
In fact, I really like meat. You name it, I like it. Even offal and liver and sweetmeats. Beef. Chicken. Birds of all sorts. Horses (yes). Lamb. Wild beast. Pork. I used to eat--and occasionally, I still do--all of this with quite a lot of relish. And sometimes ketchup.
Notice that I have no compunctions about eating meat on the usual moral grounds. I like animals well enough, but I don't think they have souls and I have no guilt issues involved in their slaughter, so long as it is done well and as painlessly as possible. (That said, I don't like the idea of anything suffering needlessly, and so in particular I avoid meat the provenance of which I do not know.) In fact, if you know my story, you'll know that I have slaughtered plenty of animals, and I don't feel any guilt whatsoever.
I am an avid fisherman and really love to eat any fish. That said, I mostly only eat the fish that I catch. Our seas have been roundly abused, and I want as little part in it as possible. Moreover, I will not eat frozen fish of any kind, nor farmed fish--they taste like shit, and life is too short to eat shit. (I will eat frozen squid!) I am fortunate to live in Florida, a state that has some of the best, most progressive, laws around regarding commercial fishing. I only eat locally sourced fish that I know is taken from grounds that are not overfished. (Like I said, I don't eat much fish!) I imagine if I did not live in Florida, I would not eat fish at all.
In the end, for me the most compelling reason not to eat meat, or to eat much less of it, is the incredible waste involved. If you do any reading, you will be astonished by the amount of water, grain, labor, oil, fertilizer, concrete, wood, wire, electricity, herbicides, pesticides, antibiotics, legislation, oversight and carbon dioxide involved in manufacturing (and that's the correct word) a pound of meat.
Four-hundred gallons of water, lord knows how much fossil fuel (but lots of it), seven pounds of corn and all the concomitant fertilizer/herbicide/pesticide... to produce a pound of beef, much of which goes into eating that shitty shit people wolf down in fast-food restaurant. Shameful.
And then you have to deal with the enormous impact of fantastic amounts of shit. A hundred-fifty pounds of shit A DAY for a cow!
(Many will rightly point out that grass-fed, pastured cattle are far less resource-intensive, which is true. But the amount of "free-range" beef produced out there is a fraction of what's consumed.)
Yes, resources are used to produce a pound of vegetables and grain, but a small fraction compared to meat of any sort. And a pound of veg and grain is far tastier and more varied than your chunk of beef, and probably lots cheaper. (I try not to think of food as nutrition (for reasons too complex to explain here), but, there can be no doubt, that pile of veg, fruit and grain is of far greater healthfulness than the beef.)
The world is getting smaller, flatter, hotter, drier, more unpredictable.
Choosing not to eat meat makes sense.
Plus, I have a kick-ass garden.
Posted by Michael at 1:13 PM 4 comments:
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Food security...
A thoughtful video from Japan. Their situation isn't terribly different from our own, with the important caveats that 1) they deal with far less arable land per person than in the USA; and 2) they have traditional food-ways to fall back upon.
I'm not an adamant vegetarian, but I am very careful to limit the animal flesh that I eat. One of the many reasons that I have chosen this diet is that eating meat is prodigiously wasteful.
Posted by Michael at 8:06 AM 5 comments:
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Friday, July 24, 2009
Another bell to try
Gator Belle Hybrid #9029 (30 seeds) $2.45
A very productive large bell pepper especially well suited to the Southeast. Uniform, bright green fruit is 3 to 4-lobed, thick-walled, and matures to red. Tobacco mosaic virus resistant and sets continuously. Medium-tall plants. 75 days.
Posted by Michael at 7:53 AM No comments:
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Thursday, July 23, 2009
Late summer colors...
Posted by Michael at 10:10 AM No comments:
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Tuesday, July 21, 2009
A quick update in pictures... The mid-July garden
Posted by Michael at 12:13 PM No comments:
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Monday, July 20, 2009
Determinant tomatoes...
While I'm recommending seeds, I'll add Bella Rosa determinant tomato (TGS) to the list... Produced over a long time. For indeterminant, full-sized, the prizes go to Cabernet and Tiffany. Both of these are "hot house" tomatoes... Solid, medium-sized, good disease resistance. You can keep your open-pollinated "heirloom" tomatoes... I'll go with vigor, taste and disease-resistance any day. (OK, if you want an heirloom that does well in FLA, that would be Goose Creek, a southern tomato with good resistance and vigor...)
added...TGS=Tomato Growers Supply.
Posted by Michael at 11:01 AM 3 comments:
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Sunday, July 19, 2009
Okra...
And, while I'm on the subject of seeds, Burgundy Okra from ECHO. I let the pods get to nine inches and they were still tender.
Added.... Ooops... I think I got the Burgundy Okra from Southern Exposure... Anyway, it's a fairly common variety. I like it because 1) it's a REALLY beautiful plant; 2) no spines! no toughness! no goo!
*
Posted by Michael at 8:49 PM No comments:
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Peppers...
A strong recommendation for California Wonder Fat and Sassy (oops!) bell peppers (TGS carries them). Even at the height of the doldrums in in Central FLA, this pepper is setting tons of new fruit and ripening thick-walled, squarish but otherwise classic bells. First time I've ever had luck with traditional bells. So far the only drawback is that it's such a heavy producer that I've had several plants break from the weight of the fruit during heavy rains.
This one gets added to the short list of sweet peppers I grow that includes Trinidad seasoning pepper and Sweet Spot X3R (and plenty of open-pollinated hot peppers)...
Sweet Spot X3R Hybrid #9660 (30 seeds) $3.35 Click Here for Large Quantity Pricing.
This high-yielding banana type pepper produces an incredible harvest of mild, sweet peppers about 8 in. long and 2 in. wide with much better size and thicker walls than open-pollinated banana types. Peppers may be enjoyed at any color stage-yellow, orange, or bright red. Tall plants resist 3 races of Bacterial Spot. 70 days. (More Sweet Peppers)
I'm trying out Flexum from TGS this year, too. It's a very interesting plant--the leaves are much broader and darker than most peppers, and it sets fruit that points upward (tips to the sky, base to the ground) from axils (where the petioles meets the main stem). The fruit is pale cream, almost white. Exotic looking--when I first saw the fruit, I thought I'd mislabled it as a pepper. Haven't picked one yet (got it in very late), but it looks to be full of potential, though not particularly vigorous. We'll see how the flavor comes out.
Posted by Michael at 7:35 PM 3 comments:
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Mount Mulch
Is defeated. Thirty cubic yards. Two large dump trucks full. Spread, generously, throughout the yard. Easily two-hundred trips made between front and back yards. Ack. Sweat.
Posted by Michael at 7:13 PM No comments:
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Late Blight Fungus Threatens Tomato Crop in Northeast and Mid-Atlantic - NYTimes.com
One of the scores of reasons NOT to buy plants from bigbox retailers like Lowes. Not only do they sell the unhealthy specimens of the wrong varieties and at the wrong time of the year, their plants often introduce new diseases and insects into the garden. I have seen Lowes sell rose bushes covered in anthracnose and fruit trees with fungus evident on the stems. Every once and a while, I'll buy, say, onion sets or a hibiscus from a retailer, but if it can be grown from seed or cutting, I'll take the time and save the money by doing it myself.
Late Blight Fungus Threatens Tomato Crop in Northeast and Mid-Atlantic - NYTimes.com: "Professor Fry, who is genetically tracking the blight, said the outbreak spread in part from the hundreds of thousands of tomato plants bought by home gardeners at Wal-Mart, Lowe’s, Home Depot and Kmart stores starting in April. The wholesale gardening company Bonnie Plants, based in Alabama, had supplied most of the seedlings and recalled all remaining plants starting on June 26. Dennis Thomas, Bonnie Plants’ general manager, said five of the recalled plants showed signs of late blight.
“This pathogen did not come from our plants,” Mr. Thomas said on Wednesday. “This is something that has been around forever.”
Mr. Draper said the diseased seedlings, found in stores as far west as Ohio, were at least one source of the illness, but, he added, “It’s possible that we are looking at multiple epidemics.”
Mr. Mishanec said agricultural pathogens can easily spread when plants are distributed regionally and sold by big-box retailers.
“Farms are inspected, greenhouses are inspected,” he said, “but garden centers aren’t, and the people who work there aren’t trained to spot disease.”"
Posted by Michael at 10:16 AM 1 comment:
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Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Half-way done...
I think I've reached the halfway point in the mulch pile. About 125 loads of mulch so far dragged into the backyard. My wife is doing the smaller beds in the front. I vacillate between thinking "there's not nearly enough mulch here to do all I want" to thinking "HOLY COW what am I going to do with ALL THIS MULCH!" Likely the endgame will be somewhere in-between.
Let's see... Broccoli is already up. I went out this morning to check the tomatoes and peppers and there was nada. Then I came back an hour later and two Nepal tomatoes had popped out of the soil. Kinda cool.
It's hiatus time in the garden. Nothing's producing much, except the peppers, eggplants and okra. Everything's just growing and storing energy. I think I'll have a smashing year for batatas and maybe malanga. My Mississippi Silver cowpeas haven't started producing yet, but when they do, I'm going to make my traditional pea and macaroni salad... Mmmmm.
Oh, and, finally, a new crop in my garden: Culinary ginger. I planted some corms yesterday. I've taken to making this recipe of ginger-ale. Yum. Very easy, very tasty. My sources tell me that culinary ginger grows well in partial shade, well-drained. I'll keep the blog posted.
Posted by Michael at 12:05 PM 5 comments:
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Sunday, July 12, 2009
End of the tomato season...
I ended the tomato season (a disappointing one) yesterday by ripping out the full-sized tomatoes that were still in my garden. This being Florida, the day before I started four cool-season tomatoes (Nepal, Black Plum, Yellow Submarine and Tiffany). They'll go in the ground sometime during August, maybe at the beginning of September. It'll be a battle to keep them disease- and pest-free, but if it works, I'll have tomatoes from October until the frosts... Let's see, what else. I'm still moving mulch. Easily a hundred loads so far dragged into the back yard and spread throughout the garden. When I'm done, it my garden will be a grass-free zone. (Right now, the only grass is on the paths.) It's a lot of work, especially inasmuch as the mulch is very wet. In zones where I don't have anything growing, I'm piling it very deep so that when the dry season arrives, I'll have some nice soil to work with.
I noticed yesterday how many worms I have--every handful of dirt has one or two in it. I found a little worm nursery that was seething with scores of tiny red wrigglers. Very good sign, and another indication that minimal spraying leads to a healthy garden.
Oh, yeah, I also planted some "Premium Crop" broccoli. It can go in sometime in late August, maybe earlier. I just need to keep it on life support until the heat abates a bit.
Nesbit grapes are slowly ripening. A poor fig season, but my trees are still quite small. Lots of citrus on my super-dwarfed trees (Flying Dragon! Love it!). Peppers are still setting fruit, which is nice--both my bell and banana peppers are full of fruit, which is the first time that's every happened for me in July. | {
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825 | Recent research suggests that the genotype of one individual in a friendship pair is predictive of the genotype of his/her friend. These results provide tentative support for the genetic homophily perspective, which has important implications for social and genetic epidemiology because it substantiates a particular form of gene–environment correlation. This process may also have important implications for social scientists who study the social factors related to health and health-related behaviors. We extend this work by considering the ways in which school context shapes genetically similar friendships. Using the network, school, and genetic information from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we show that genetic homophily for the TaqI A polymorphism within the DRD2 gene is stronger in schools with greater levels of inequality. Our results suggest that individuals with similar genotypes may not actively select into friendships; rather, they may be placed into these contexts by institutional mechanisms outside of their control. Our work highlights the fundamental role played by broad social structures in the extent to which genetic factors explain complex behaviors, such as friendships.
APA Citation
Boardman, J, Domingue, B., & Fletcher, J. (2012). How social and genetic factors predict friendship networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(43), 17377-17381. | {
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826 | Michael Kirst, Professor Emeritus of Stanford Graduate School of Education and President of the California State Board Of Education, comments on ONE SYSTEM: Reforming Education to Serve All Students report from the California's Statewide Task Force on Special Education | {
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827 | Sorry, this website requires Javascript 1.2 and Cascading Style Sheets for navigation. Feel free to use the Sitemap if your browser does not support that.
Cryptography
On Public Key Algorithms based on the Discrete Logarithm Problem A general introduction on the topic (Cryptography related). I wrote this paper for my Master's Comprehensive Exam (Spring 2002).
Abstract: In this paper we introduce public key algorithms based on the discrete logarithm problem. We first define what we mean by a public key cryptosystem and then introduce the Diffie-Hellman key-agreement protocol. We generalize this protocol to arbitrary cyclic groups. From this protocol we derive the ElGamal cryptosystem, which is a public key cryptosystem in the sense of our definition. We furthermore introduce ElGamal signatures. All these algorithms are based on the discrete logarithm problem. We will introduce two algorithms which can be used to calculate discrete logarithms in finite fields. We will see, that the running time of these algorithms is high for large groups (or groups with special properties) and therefore impractical. We will further introduce alternatives to the traditional Z/p* group.
Blog
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[This page: was last modified: March 29 2006 21:48:42.] [Home]. Email me Visit Markus Breitenbach's other homepage. | {
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828 | Sophie Nadeau is a travel, history, and culture writer based in the UK. With a love of all things photography-related, castles, and sweet food, she runs her popular blog, solosophie.com when she's not chasing after a sunset or hiking in the English countryside.
News · 12:39 pm
Louvre to Open Continuously Over Finale Weekend of Leonardo Exhibition
Fancy seeing the Leonardo da Vinci show at the Louvre but didn't manage to get tickets? Well, for the grand finale of the Leonardo Exhibition (l’#ExpoLéonard) at the largest museum in the world, the Louvre are hosting all-nighters over the closing weekend. From 9 AM on Friday the 21st of February ...
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Paris · 5:19 pm
Why You Must Visit Paris in February (Guide & Tips)
The shortest month of the year is not always the best when it comes to the weather, though it's a fantastic time to visit the French capital nonetheless. After all, where else can you enjoy the most romantic night of the year along the River Seine or soak up over a hundred museums while sheltering ...
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Paris · 1:36 pm
Where to Go Vintage Shopping in Paris for Chic Clothing!
For those who are in search of the perfect unique and unusual find (not to mention Parisian souvenir), it's worth noting that thrift stores and vintage shops can be found in abundance throughout the French capital. And while many of the best friperies are to be found in Le Marais, that's not to say ...
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Decor, Paris · 8:55 pm
Where to Buy House Plants in Paris (Best Plant Shops)
If you're looking to brighten up your home or are simply looking for an unusual gift, then a plant may well be the thing to purchase! And in the past few years, there has been a real resurgence in the popularity of houseplants, leading to a boom in plant shop openings across Paris, not to mention a ...
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historical · 2:03 pm
Versailles Vs Fontainebleau: Which Should You Visit?
If you're in search of a fantastic day trip from Paris, then you may well consider visiting one of the many French Château that litter the Île de France region. After all, between regally royal history and fairytale aesthetics you can't go wrong by frequenting one of the many former palaces and ...
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829 | Complete in box! Includes game cartridge, instruction manual, and original box. Professionally cleaned and tested. | {
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830 | Ever have a day when you wake up depressed and you know you must have just had a bad dream but you can't remember it?
Yeah, that was me this morning.
If you've never heard Bree Sharp's incredibly cool song about David Duchovny, you owe yourself a click over to my myspace profile. | {
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831 | Esperanto here is the smart cat. She knows that if she hangs out around the erotica collection, nobody's going to throw any more water on her.
CC
Posted by Chalicechick at 11/12/2006 08:55:00 AM
4 comments:
LinguistFriend said...
Esperanto, whom I prefer to call Esperanza, is very personable, but in this picture she is also almost invisible. Unless you want to demonstrate that fact, you might want to replace the picture (unless it is the fault of my obsolete computer).
LinguistFriend
1:05 PM, November 12, 2006
Chalicechick said...
It's your computer.
CC
1:10 PM, November 12, 2006
Chalicechick said...
And I don't know why you insist on calling her that. She is not named Esperanza, the Spanish/Mexican female name that means "Hope," she is named after the constructed international language.
CC
1:12 PM, November 12, 2006
Anonymous said...
It's pretty dark on my computer too. I adjusted the screen way up to bright and I could see her, but it's still dark. | {
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832 | Love you like a fat kid likes cakes, 50 Cent’s lyrics described me perfectly as a child and adult. I have always struggled with weight loss as a kid and was always chunky. I love food, specifically sweets and junk foods and would eat them as meal replacements as if this was nutritious. During my childhood, we didn’t waste food. I can remember vividly spending time at my grandmother’s house and having to sit at the dinner table or on the floor with newspaper not to waste food. We would eat these huge man plates of food because she did not believe in wasting food. I think this mentality sticks with me as an adult because I don’t like to waste food till this day. I eat things in one sitting especially junk foods, I don’t believe in saving food for later. This led me to being obese and I weighed 300lbs that made me look like I was 500lbs for my body frame.
Fast forward to adulthood, I tried several fad diets, which lead to losing weight fast, but I would gain it right back. The year of 2013 was a game changer; I was in my second year of teaching in the Chicago Public School District. However, several things were going on within the school district, which led us to strike for 7 days. While in my mind, I thought this would be great. I could relax at home and enjoy this since I wasn’t getting paid nor would I be teaching. I was wrong! The union rep stated that we would have to be marching, holding signs, and meeting up at the school or marching downtown. In my mind, this was work; I could as well be in the classroom. However, as a result of marching and walking long miles downtown protesting, I lost 7lbs of my starting weight that was at 300lbs. I thought since I had lost the 7lbs, I should keep this up. I started working out in the morning before work to Tae Boe, Richard Simmons, Jillian Michael’s DVDs, also drinking SlimFast shakes as meal replacements and eating salads. Of course this method of eating was not healthy because it wasn’t a balanced meal of fat, carbs, and protein, which I have grown to know and become more knowledgeable in nutrition and fitness.
That seemed to work as I got down to the early 200s. However, I wanted to break out of the 200s. Also, during this time I had fibroids, which made my monthly cycle a pain because it would go about 7 days, I would go through several maxi pads in a day, and just be uncomfortable. The fibroids were so large that it made me look like I was 5 months pregnant and I have never been pregnant. As a result of having the fibroids and having several large ones. I consulted with an OBGYN and she recommended a myomectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the fibroids. I completed in July 2014, I was out of commission for 6 weeks. I basically had a tummy tuck and had lost another other10lbs however I gained it back in a short period of time. I was back to the 200s.
I started a new job in 2015, in a nice area in Chicago and there was this fitness co-ed boutique in the neighborhood. I would walk past it all the time and see the yellow banner advertisement $21 for 21 days. I figured I could try it; so I went for a free class. Just like anyone that has not worked out in a while, it was quite intimidating walking into a gym where the people are fit and working out real good. It was a weight lifting class where members would lift 50lbs and up. I was partnered with someone who was fit and was lifting heavy; I made it through the class and eventually purchased the $21 for 21 days deal. I really enjoyed the classes, they were very challenging and after the 21 days, I lost 10lbs. I was motivated and the women at the gym were very nice and helpful. They looked like everyday women that were working toward their fitness goal at different fit levels and different body types. I decided to become a member even though; I had to earn my membership in the gym. After attending a number of classes and showing dedication, I earned my certificate that certified me as a member. Every member gets a free membership T-shirt. At the gym everyone wears the same shirt so that everyone can be uniform and to not feel intimidated. We all looked the same and were working toward the same goal.
After becoming a member, I was working out, but I reverted back to eating junk foods. On the31st of December I made commitment that I would take 2016 seriously weighing in at 216.4. I had joined an accountability program at the gym: Calendar Cover Contest. I received weekly challenges regarding nutrition and fitness guides that come with weighted points. The winner would receive a prize. Though, I didn’t place in the top 3, but I lost another 20lbs and my frame was looking real good. I went on to do several other accountability programs that assisted in my weight loss. This furthered reduced my size to smallest weight of 156lbs and being able to fit in a size-6 pants.
I learned that losing weight is a lifestyle, I had to make exercise a habit and part of my life in addition, to eating balanced meals: Fats, protein, and carbs. Meal prepping is key to being successful. I learned all these at the gym program that has changed my life, and I try to share it with my friends and families.
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Posted bychampionmommy November 26, 2017 January 12, 2018 Posted inweight lossTags: Journey
Published by championmommy
Welcome to Champion Mommy blog! Hi moms. My name is Jerrica and I am a special education teacher who resides in Chicago. This blog will address the concerns and challenges for new moms that want to lose weight and get fit. View more posts
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1 Comment
Bidex says:
January 24, 2018 at 3:03 am
This is an awesome post.
It’s really encouraging for new moms
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My Posts Select Month August 2020 (1) June 2019 (1) May 2019 (1) March 2019 (1) February 2019 (1) January 2019 (3) October 2018 (1) March 2018 (1) January 2018 (1) November 2017 (1) | {
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833 | “Trans” encompasses almost anyone who doesn’t identify with the gender assignment given to them at birth . It is the superset term that includes binary, genderqueer/non-binary, agender, and other individuals who do not identity with they were designated as at birth.
More than mere gender variance, being trans often (but not always!) leads to a condition known as “ gender dysphoria”, where your sense of identity and how society classifies you clash. Sometimes things can’t be done to transition, and others will undergo hormone therapy and gender reassignment surgeries to correct this. Some simply identify as male or female, others fall somewhere in between, sometimes as both, and others don’t identify or even understand the concept of gender.
There is no “one size fits all” approach. Identity is personal, and sometimes grouping oversimplifies our variety of natures. This has pigeon-holed and overstuffed what it means to be a male, females, or something else entirely…rather than letting us be ourselves.
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October 29th, 2021 November 11th, 2021
My passport wasn’t “updated”; it was corrected to reflect my real name.
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September 27th, 2021 November 3rd, 2021
Changing my tune on several thoughts, now that I am living on my own.
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July 27th, 2021 September 4th, 2021
It’s been a year since I’ve fixed my first name change, to live with the name I’ve always wanted to be known as.
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Diploma Reissued
June 30th, 2021 June 30th, 2021
It took half my lifetime to get a college diploma reflecting the name that should have always been mine.
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June 23rd, 2021 June 23rd, 2021
How am I doing after 10 days since switching from injections to topical creams?
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834 | Over the Thanksgiving weekend, I did something I’ve never done before – plunked a 5.5-kilogram turkey on the Big Green Egg.
We went looking for a chicken to do beer butt style on the Egg for the weekend, but all we could find at the store were turkeys.
Mary Beth returned with the bird, and I still offered to do it on the Egg, since it can cook just like an oven and keeps everything so darned moist.
So, as she prepped the bird inside, I prepped the barbecue outside. After getting it up to about 320 F, I added the plate setter, which turns the barbecue into an indirect-heating oven, and waited for the temperature to settle a bit more.
On went the bird and open went the beverages.
Such a large, cold bird messed with the temperature of the Egg a bit, so I had to adjust a few times and went through more lump charcoal than I expected to use, but the end result was spectacular.
Mary Beth is the turkey expert; I’ve never cooked anything other than a turkey breast, so I relied on her knowledge. “Twenty minutes a pound,” was her advice.
I didn’t even put in a meat probe, trusting Mary’s turkey knowledge.
After a little more than three hours, she checked the firmness of one leg, commented it would be another 30 minutes or so. I popped another beverage.
As advertised, the bird was ready at the pre-determined time. It had browned up beautifully. The drip pan, which we’d added water to on a couple of occasions, was the starting point for our gravy, and it had done a great job keeping the turkey moist.
Cauliflower, garlic smashed potatoes, stuffing (cheated on the stove top inside) and brown sugar squash completed the meal. It was delicious.
The turkey was very juicy and had a slight smoky flavour from the Egg, as did the squash.
I’d cook turkey that way again in a heartbeat.
Tasting at the Barn
Mary Beth and I have stopped in at Red Barn Brewing in the past to pick up local craft beer, but we finally had the opportunity recently to go in and sit down to sample some beer, enjoy a hot pretzel and take in the atmosphere of the tasting room.
It truly is gorgeous in side the barn. Denny, Sandy and Dan, and their family, have done a great job in there.
As for the beer, it was on point as well. We each ordered a “flight” of four samplers. Mary went for the selection of sours on tap, while I opted for more traditional offerings – a red, an IPA, a pilsner and a heavy ale.
All were quite tasty. So many different flavours all at once.
We opted for a hot pretzel while we were there and it was a perfect compliment for the beer.
Mary and I shared a third flight of beer – four new beer flavours to try.
Through all those beverages, I believe we had only tasted two of them before.
It sounds like we guzzled a great deal of craft beer, but that’s the great thing about the flights – the four sampler glasses perhaps make up a pint of beer. So we really only had a pint and a half each over the course of a couple of hours.
I must thank Denny for stopping by the table to chat beer and plans for the brewery in the future. They’ve got a really good thing going just north of Blenheim and I encourage people to sample what they’re making…responsibly of course.
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The Chatham Voice is an independent, locally-owned community newspaper that serves Chatham, Ontario and area. | {
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838 | ▷CHECK PHONE NUMBER 7570441352 07570441352 - 7570 441 352 - phone book & phone directory. 0044 7570 441 352 +447570441352 Who called me
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Phone number 7570441352 (+447570441352)
This number was searched 1 times
First date of search: 2021-11-26 22:04:00
Date of last check of this number: 2021-12-03 20:43:00
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Reverse number: 531440757
A similar number: 757044192, 757044539, 757044726, 757044120, 756644135, 756644135, 754744135, 751744135(75 70 44 192,75 70 44 539,75 70 44 726,75 70 44 120,75 66 44 135,75 66 44 135,75 47 44 135,75 17 44 135)
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(Previous phone numbers: 07570441351 07570441350 07570441349 07570441348 07570441347 07570441346 07570441345 07570441344 07570441343 07570441342 07570441341 07570441340 07570441339 07570441338 07570441337 07570441336 07570441335 07570441334 07570441333 07570441332 07570441331 07570441330 07570441329 07570441328 07570441327 07570441326 07570441325 07570441324 07570441323 07570441322 07570441321 07570441320 07570441319 07570441318 07570441317 07570441316 07570441315 07570441314 07570441313 07570441312 07570441311
Next phone numbers: 07570441353 07570441354 07570441355 07570441356 07570441357 07570441358 07570441359 07570441360 07570441361 07570441362 07570441363 07570441364 07570441365 07570441366 07570441367 07570441368 07570441369 07570441370 07570441371 07570441372 07570441373 07570441374 07570441375 07570441376 07570441377 07570441378 07570441379 07570441380 07570441380 07570441381 07570441382 07570441383 07570441384 07570441385 07570441386 07570441387 07570441388 07570441389 07570441390 07570441390 07570441391)
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(+543493) Argentina +54 Sunchales 3493
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Add your opinion about this phone number, maybe you know who called from number 7570 441 352? Maybe it's yours phone number and you can comment on it. Please rate if this phone number is secure and you can pick up this phone. If someone called you from this phone number, someone called or sent you some paid SMS, please add your opinion on our website. Do not keep the information who called only for myself. Share the description and your opinion on the description of your experience with this number phone, use our form and help other our users. Please rate this phone number (+44 075 70 44 135) is it a secure number and you can answer the call. Thank you for yours reviews.
Your information about who called from number 07570441352 to you will be stored in our database of landline and mobile numbers. Sharing message with other users can prevent many threats or form positive feedback on subject of a given telephone or company number. Warning of others about the risks of receiving dangerous and paid phone calls is now an important piece of information that you can use protect against fraud or extortion resulting from high telecommunications fees among others for calling back, writing an SMS, answering a telephone. Maybe somebody called on a loan or a loan, payday or on third party insurance or flat insurance. Someone could also call from a bank or debt collection. Someone could have contacted the hotel regarding a vacation or holiday, from a service company regarding the service ordered, or called a courier with a parcel to be delivered purchased on the allegro or online store. From what network he called to me?
Among the missed calls in saved reviews in our database by our users, you can usually meet all kinds companies and institutions such as offices, courier companies, transport companies, telemarketing, insurance companies, sales by telephone, consolidation loans, cash loans and payday loans as well as mobile telephony (Orange, T-mobile) calling us with a new offer. It is in these departments that many calls are often executable, but often after calling back on a given phone number, no one answers or We connect directly to the central where we do not know who called us. In this situation, the best solution is to find an opinion on a given telephone number, to know who called us and whether we should call back or next time we answer the phone.
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7570441352 In words...
seven thousand five hundred seventy four hundred forty one three hundred fifty two
seven billion five hundred seventy million four hundred forty one thousand three hundred fifty two
seven five seven zero four four one three five
seventy five seventy forty four thirteen fifty two
Possible number records of 7570441352
+447570441352 00447570441352
7570 441 352 75 70 44 135 2
757 04 41 35 2 75-70-44-135 2
0044 7570-441-352 00 44 757 04 41 352
(+44)7570441352 75 70 44 135 2
(75) 7044 135 2 00 44 (75)7 04-41-35-2
Phone number display 7570 441 352
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Number of views : 179719298
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Number of comments : 2379895
Positive ratings : 1254691
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Annoying ratings : 100583
Dangerous assessments : 400011
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Recent Comments
013134311768
calls from the above number most recently last night, no idea who, who but persistent
02079369021
stafford long and partners limited london london
01884561645
very abusive and made threats to rape
02077479725
I received a call then the caller hun
01403605961
Called me today April 20 2016 Before I could answer they hung up. Called the number back no ring tone
0917005650259
Ziarul islam akand
01210249297
1 call each today from this to me and wife. No connections in Birmingham.
01362696428
I have lots of calls from these clowns alledging that my broadband has been hacked and then want me to log on to my computer. I keep asking for them to confirm my BT account num...
01429286599
Thank God we have this site...Excellant. We had calls this morning, the guy was really aggressive, he rang back 3 times but I didn't pick up after the first time. Glad to k...
02033702272
comcare it ltd london london
07796951775
aiden cheung wakefield west yorkshire
09932276915
Spam
01612970217
This number has called me twice a day for a week. I'm quite sick of being harrassed by call centres and surveys.
01407468067
Called about life cover and when I said I'd already been covered he hung up on me
07903093093
glowspa organics ltd. london london
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Model: Apple iPhone 6s Plus
processor: Apple A9
RAM: 2GB
Internal storage: 16GB
Rear camera: 12-megapixel
Front camera: 5-megapixel
Screen size: 5.50
Resolution: 1080x1920 pixels
dimensions: 158.20 x 77.90 x 7.30
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839 | This is my place to relate my experiences with cancer treatment, as well as share resources that may be helpful to fellow oral, head, and neck cancer survivors. I was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left parotid on June 30, 2006. My goal is to continue enjoying the Nebraska Good Life. I call this blog the "Cheeky Librarian", since the cancer was discovered in my cheek, I am a librarian, and many that know me say I fit the slang use of the word 'cheeky'.
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
I just saw Brule in person!!
Ok, I know you aren't supposed to say you are out and about when talking on the web, but I cannot remain silent. I just saw my most favorite group of performers-singers, dancers, instrumentalists-while here in Branson. (Yes, if you have heard any Cheekymobile sightings in southern Missouri this week, they were true.) Brule (there is an accent over the 'e', but this librarian hasn't figured out how to type it) is a contemporary Native American music group. They are award winners- individually and together. The leader of the band found out later in life that he was Lower Sioux Brule (no accent over the 'e'), and began to meld his two worlds together-his unknown heritage with today's world. Here is their site-http://www.brulerecords.com/home.html. They don't have a word for goodbye in the Lakota language-just one that says we will meet again, either here or in the next world. I have met them before, in Sioux Falls, SD, when they played at a librarian conference. They were the music I listened to on my iPod after the skull operation, when I was so happy to have my memories. They were the group that I played the loudest in the Cheekymobile when I lost my voice last summer. They are the group that my mom and I listen to in the car during our road trips, including the one to Gulf Shores and last year to St. Louis. I have never been a 'groupie', or a 'fan' (short for 'fanatic', after all) of musicians, but I was unashamedly that tonight, after listening/experiencing their music and dance at the RFD-TV Theater. My mom and I loved every minute of the night-what a way to celebrate life!
This may be a stretch, but when I received the diagnosis of cancer, I too began to walk in two worlds. Thank you, Brule, for giving me strength and rhythm for my strides as I work to keep up with both of them. Keep on keeping on, Brule. Congratulations on your success, and I wish you years more.
Posted by Teresa Hartman at 7:44 PM
1 comment:
Dee said...
Teri, I guess I need to check this group out. For you to gush like that must mean they are good good good . . .
10:02 PM
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If you are reading this blog for the first time
Click on 2006 in the Blog Archive below to read about my initial cancer treatment issues - radiation side effects, dietary, fatigue - and how I dealt with them. The coping methods and information sources are shared in the hopes they will be useful to others that are following in the cancer treatment pathways.
This blog's Wordle
Sources of consumer health information on cancer
Just diagnosed with ACC? -tips from the ACCRF
Nebraska's Free Consumer Health Information Resource Service [CHIRS]
Locate a consumer health library anywhere in the US, Canada, and other countries
Search ACC in MedlinePlus
Cancer section at MedlinePlus
ACC page on Cancer.net
Sources of research information and clnical trials for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Health Canada-Clinical Trials
Search CenterWatch for Head & Neck clinical trials (may not include ACC)
Search for 'adenoid cystic' on Digital Public Library of America
Search ClinicalTrials.gov for ACC
Search ACC medical research articles in PubMed.gov
Search for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in Quertle
Searching Google for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma information
Search Google for web sites that include ACC
Search Google News for ACC
ACC Organizations and Foundations
Rare Cancer Alliance - connect with others with ACC on the Private Forum
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Organization International - connect with others with ACC on the Email Information Group | {
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840 | Chesapeake co-presented a 45 minute webinar with Teledyne Odom on April 8 titled "SonarWiz Collects, Controls and Processes Odom E20".
Hot Cocoa Series: Sidescan Gain Settings March 11, 2021
Chesapeake presented a one hour webinar about understanding the many different gain settings in SonarWiz Sidescan. Read Questions & Answers.
Hot Cocoa Series: SonarWiz Bathymetry March 18, 2021
Chesapeake presented a 45 minute webinar on Bathymetry on steps to clean up and improve poor quality data. Read Questions & Answers.
Hot Cocoa Series: Sidescan Gain Settings March 11, 2021
Chesapeake presented a one hour webinar about understanding the many different gain settings in SonarWiz Sidescan. Read Questions & Answers.
Hot Cocoa Series: SonarWiz Magnetometer March 4, 2021
Chesapeake Technology presented a one hour webinar on SonarWiz Magnetometer. It covered some basics as well as new and improved features.
QPS & Chesapeake Feb 2021
Chesapeake Technology co-hosted a one hour webinar with QPS on February 18. It was titled "Value in Integration – A workflow brought to you by QPS and CTI." The focus was on our joint collection and processing solution, including workflows, processing and exporting options.
EdgeTech and Chesapeake at Saderet Feb 2021
On February 24 we participated in a virtual one day training along with EdgeTech and our UK reseller Saderet. The training covered SonarWiz sidescan and sub-bottom processing of data collected in EdgeTech 4125. We also demonstrated bathy collection and processing with EdgeTech 6205/2205. Edited recording runs 4 hrs 40 mins.
Sub Bottom June 2020
This webinar covers sub bottom profiler automatic reflector tracing and identifying multiples. It was presented live and recorded on June 24, 2020.
Bathymetry Demo June 2020
This webinar covers bathymetry and calibration, from patch test to beam performance testing. It was presented live and recorded on June 17, 2020.
Sidescan Mosaic Tips June 2020
This webinar lasts one hour and covers Sidescan theory and tips on how to make better mosaics. It was presented live and recorded on June 10, 2020. Click here to read our answers to questions that arose during the webinar.
SonarWiz 7.6 New Features April 2020
This 77 minute long webinar helps new and existing users understand the new features in SonarWiz 7.6. The webinar was recorded on April 21, 2020.
SonarWiz 7.4 New Features June 2019
This 47 minute long webinar helps new and existing users understand the new features in SonarWiz 7.4. The webinar was recorded on June 19, 2019.
SonarWiz 7.2 New Features August 2018
This 27 minute long webinar helps new and existing users understand the new features in SonarWiz 7.2. The webinar was recorded on August 22, 2018.
SonarWiz 7.1: New Features Webinar
This one hour webinar, originally broadcast in April 2018, helps new and existing users understand the new features in both SonarWiz 6 and 7, as well as the new improvements in SonarWiz 7 and migration issues.
SonarWiz 7: New Features Webinar
This one hour webinar helps new and existing users understand the new features in both SonarWiz 6 and 7, as well as the new improvements in SonarWiz 7 and migration issues. Recorded July 25, 2017. | {
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841 | Do you like certain types of books – stories about dogs, or maybe vacations in Italy? Perhaps you like adventure stories, or space opera, or a good forensic mystery, but don’t know what to read next. Do you like binge-reading a good series?
Have you noticed the case of bound books in the middle of the lobby?
Take a closer look at our Book Bundles.
Book bundles are three books of a common theme bound together, so you can binge-read on a topic you enjoy. It might be outdoors, kidnappings, or WWII stories. It could be autism, award winners, westerns, Book Club Favorites, art heists, robots, or gothic horror. There’s always something new on the shelf, so check it frequently. Intrigued by a category? Check out the bundle and explore!
But not all of the titles seem interesting to me – what if I only want to check out one or two?
You can check out one or all three, whatever you’d like. Just return the unwanted ones to the desk and we’ll find them new partners.
Don’t see anything to your liking? Prefer existentialist graphic novels? Right now you’re only reading novels that have cats in them? Trying to catch up on real-life medical stories? Let us know! We’d be happy to take requests!
There’s nothing like finding a good book, and it’s even better when you find three new favorites at once. A whole new world of reading adventures awaits!
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#Flashback to 2015, when Mr. Lucas was our Hanukkah Bear.
Cheshire Library's December art show features Meriden artist Christine Ivers. Her work will be on view in the lobby and the Mary Baldwin Room from December 1st through December 29th.
View from the Quiet Reading Area.
New Picture Books in the Children’s Room!
Too soon? Nope! Get in the holiday spirit with some Christmas-themed fiction, loads to choose from in our lobby display!
A tragic miscommunication.
This week the Cheshire Public Library has seven new bestsellers, two new movies, two new children's books, and ten other new books, including 14 that are available online. New items include "Go Tell the Bees That I Am Gone: A Novel", "The Judge's List: A Novel", and "The Dark Hours".
Lemon or chocolate, which pie is best?
We’re always thankful for our Friends of the Library group, they provide the library with so much every year! Did you know that EVERY PROGRAM that CPL runs is funded by the Friends? A lot of the furniture and equipment in the library is funded by them as well. The recent book sale put over $16,000 in the coffers- thanks to this amazing support organization and the community volunteers that helped make this book sale the second highest grossing sale ever!
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What is it about Herbert’s books — especially the first one — that exerts such a magnetic force on everyone from 13… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 day ago | {
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845 | By accessing “Chest of Colors forum” (hereinafter “we”, “us”, “our”, “Chest of Colors forum”, “http://chestofcolors.com/forum”), you agree to be legally bound by the following terms. If you do not agree to be legally bound by all of the following terms then please do not access and/or use “Chest of Colors forum”. We may change these at any time and we’ll do our utmost in informing you, though it would be prudent to review this regularly yourself as your continued usage of “Chest of Colors forum” after changes mean you agree to be legally bound by these terms as they are updated and/or amended.
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846 | - Hand printed (Screen printed) with non toxic, water based inks. Healthy for your skin and for the environment.
- Measuring:
45cmx140cm
- Hand made in a happy and safe environment
- Unique. Each piece is slightly different
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847 | With 30 years of combined experience, the members of Duong Kim Global bring a superior level of customer service, market knowledge and expertise to their work.
A real estate powerhouse, Amy Duong Kim joined the industry in 2005 and quickly pulled her husband, Howard Kim, into the business to establish a team. Today she’s a founding member at Compass, the president of Duong Kim Global, and the 2020 president of the Greater Chicago chapter of the Asian Real Estate Association of America. She serves customers of all types, including investors, luxury clients and first-time homebuyers.
With many years of experience living and working all over Chicagoland, the team brings intimate, diverse knowledge of the market to clients. “It’s important to understand each and every client is different. Their backgrounds are different. Their stories are different. Their reasons for buying and selling are different. And as such, we always work for and with our clients with open hearts and minds, with compassion and patience,” Duong Kim says.
Duong Kim and Kim have rapidly grown their team by prioritizing education, attentive service and tough negotiation. Broker Eva Knapp is armed with a background in marketing and public relations, experience as a small business owner, and extensive knowledge of Chicago. With four years of real estate experience behind her, Knapp works with a variety of clients on single-family homes, multifamily properties, new construction and more. She takes a relaxed, personable and data-driven approach to her work and prides herself on keeping up to date with the market, which allows her to properly advise clients. “I let my clients drive the process without feeling pressure to buy something quickly or to act without proper research,” she says.
Thanks to the group’s efforts to navigate a complex market, Duong Kim Global has been able to find success as a team. They made REAL Trends’ America’s Best list in 2019 and were ranked among the top 100 teams by Chicago magazine in 2020.
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Copyright © 2021 Chicago Agent magazine. An Agent Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. | {
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849 | “For what’s the sound of the world out there / Those crunching noises pervading the air?” sings the title character of Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler’s 1979 musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in the show’s first-act finale. He then answers his own question with relish: “It’s man devouring man, my dear / And who are we to deny it in here?”
The story of Sweeney Todd is part of a literary and dramatic genre whose popularity challenged 19th-century Britain’s facade of imperial power and Christian moral superiority: gothic horror, which plumbed the emotional and psychic chaos swirling underneath the veneer of Victorian propriety. First appearing as a “penny dreadful” serial, “The String of Pearls,” in 1846, the tale may or may not have echoed the real-life case of a Parisian serial killer; but whether fact-based or purely fictional, it has gripped the public imagination for more than 150 years. It concerns a barber whose tonsorial parlor in London’s Fleet Street is really a house of horrors. Todd (his name echoes Tod, the German word for “death”) lures customers into his shop, slits their throats with his straight razor, and then drops them down a trapdoor, where they’re chuted into the basement of an adjacent bakery. There, Todd’s companion, Nellie Lovett, bakes the carcasses into meat pies.
Cannibalism—that’s the tale’s beauty part. By serving up the victims to a hungry public, Lovett and Todd not only break an ancient taboo; they also involve their hungry customers as willing, if unwitting, accomplices to their hideous crime.
Sondheim and Wheeler’s adaptation of the story, based on a 1973 play by Christopher Bond, emphasizes a social-protest element in the story: Sweeney’s crime spree is his maddened response to the injustice he has endured at the hands of wicked, hypocritical Judge Turpin, who raped Sweeney’s wife and sent Sweeney to an Australian penal colony on trumped-up charges. Returning to London —where he finds that Turpin has raised Sweeney’s daughter as his ward and now intends to marry her—Sweeney embarks on his wanton murder rampage after failing to exact revenge upon his wrongdoer.
When he directed the premiere of Sondheim and Wheeler’s Sweeney Todd on Broadway in 1979, director Harold Prince emphasized the saga’s potential for political commentary: his epic-scale production, which played at Chicago’s Arie Crown Theater in 1981, employed a sprawling network of catwalks and girders to evoke the story’s industrial-revolution setting. The “respectable” pie shop run by ruthless businesswoman Lovett served as an allegory for capitalism as economic cannibalism. Todd and Lovett—brilliantly played in the premiere by Len Cariou and Angela Lansbury—came off more as icons than characters.
Michael Weber, director of Porchlight Music Theatre’s intimate new production of Sweeney Todd, dispenses with Prince’s political commentary. “What especially interests me,” says Weber in his program notes, “is that [Todd] may once have been a full-blooded man.” Porchlight’s Todd, played by bald, burly bass David Girolmo, is certainly the most vulnerable incarnation of the character I’ve seen. There’s nothing larger-than-life about this sad, obsessed victim-turned-victimizer; his random slayings seem almost distracted, the reflexive, absentminded gestures of a man operating on emotional autopilot. Rebecca Finnegan’s bold, buxom Lovett is the driving force in this demented duo. Sweeney kills people because he can’t lay his hands on the person he really wants, Turpin; Lovett encourages his actions because it allows her to have Todd all to herself (or so she thinks).
This is abundantly clear in the production’s best number, the first-act finisher “A Little Priest,” in which Lovett enlists Todd in her murder-for-profit scheme by playing a word game with him, inviting him to invent rhymed responses to her suggestions of different people they can kill—priest, poet, locksmith, sailor, etc. As the couple bond into their folie a deux, the rollicking number takes on a monstrous momentum driven by the steady beat of the offstage band’s drum.
Girolmo and Finnegan receive fine support from Edward J. MacLennan as Turpin; Stephanie Stockstill as Todd’s daughter; Brian Acker as her passionate swain; Miles Blim as a hapless urchin whom Lovett takes into her care; Kelli Harrington as a wretched beggar woman with an awful secret; and Kevin Webb, in a marvelous comic-opera turn as a flamboyant Italian barber who competes with Todd in a public display of barberism. The chorus under Doug Peck’s musical direction is superb in what is surely one of the most demanding musicals ever written, full of dissonant, densely voiced chorales as well as rapturous operatic arias and nimble operetta patter songs. But the music’s complexity, as well as the fact that the stage is surrounded by viewers on three sides, demands the performers’ unrelenting commitment to their consonants. Every syllable in Sondheim’s rapid-fire lyrics matters, and it’s all too easy for the words to get swallowed up by a big sound.
Designers Bill Morey (costumes), Jeffrey D. Kmiec (set), and Greg Hofmann and Jess Goings (light) work with director Weber to concoct a wonderfully gloomy atmosphere, intensified by the eerie sound effects created by Jenna Moran. This version of Sweeney Todd is steeped in Dickensian dolefulness, which underscores the pathos in this musical-theater masterpiece.
Sweeney Todd
Through 11/9: Thu 7:30 PM, Fri 8 PM, Sat 4 and 8 PM, Sun 2 PM
Theater 773
1225 W. Belmont
773-327-5252
stage773.com
$45
Related
Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street
November 21, 2002
In "Arts & Culture"
Master of the Musical
February 11, 1993
In "Arts & Culture"
Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street
November 13, 1997
In "Arts & Culture"
Tagged: Angela Lansbury, Bill Morey, Brian Acker, Christopher Bond, David Girolmo, Edward J. MacLennan, Greg Hofmann, Jeffrey D. Kmiec, Jenna Moran, Jess Goings, Kevin Webb, Len Cariou, Michael Weber, Porchlight Music Theatre, Rebecca Finnegan, Stephanie Stockstill, Steven Sondheim, Sweeney Todd, Theater 773, Vol. 44 No. 4
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850 | I take a regular cabinet make the door and drawer changing them to a blank area then adjust the size to the filler you need and place it in the plan where you need it
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Dermot
Posted November 17, 2018
Dermot
Chief Architect
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Posted November 17, 2018
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I take a regular cabinet make the door and drawer changing them to a blank area then adjust the size to the filler you need and place it in the plan where you need it
I suppose that works... but in my opinion it is easier to just use the cabinet filler tool. Under the Build menu right under your normal cabinet tools are the Cabinet Filler tools. These tools will place a 3" default cabinet filler that already has a blank face. If you zoom in and place one in between the cabinet and the wall, it should resize smaller to span the gap. The only reason that I would use an actual cabinet is if you need to show sides or a back but in those cases I would still start with the filler and then uncheck the "filler" option so you don't have to edit the face items.
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chief58
Posted November 17, 2018
chief58
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LocationJermyn, Pa
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Posted November 17, 2018
Dermot at one time I was having problems with the fillers and not sure if it was the base wasn't showing the backsplash or if the wall filler wasn't showing the backsplash when I had it full height, I just tested it and all seems to work ok know I might of had this happen in a previous version and never looked at it in an updated version and just kept doing the old way since that worked for me but I am changed know so crosscutter do as Dermot says | {
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851 | Where possible, ChildcareCenter provides inspection reports as a service to families. This information is deemed reliable, but is not guaranteed. We encourage families to contact the daycare provider directly with any questions or concerns, as the provider may have already addressed some or all issues. Reports can also be verified with your local daycare licensing office.
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2018-05-08 18-004167 Initial Survey View Findings
2018-02-07 18-001273 To investigate a complaint View Findings
2018-02-07 18-001273 To investigate a complaint View Findings
2017-03-08 17-000513 Annual Survey View Findings
2017-03-08 17-000513 Annual Survey View Findings
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852 | Security cameras, also known as surveillance cameras, are used to monitor homes, businesses, and other types of properties. Typically, they are connected to a recording device such as a tape recorder or a disk. In the last few years, IP-based security cameras have become increasingly popular. Security cameras enable you to remotely monitor a scene and play back recorded images.
Analog CCTV Cameras
Analog Closed-Circuit Television cameras record pictures or videos as analog signals. Most of old surveillance cameras are analog cameras. This type of camera records directly onto a video tape recorder. In order to save recordings to a PC, the analog signal must be converted to a digital format; this can be done with a video capture card.
Digital CCTV Cameras
Digital CCTV cameras directly capture images and videos as digital signals. The signals are compressed and encoded into a standard video format such as MPEG. Digital CCTV cameras usually record videos onto a hard drive or a storage server.
DVR/NVR Security System
A DVR (Digital Video Recorder) security camera system or a NVR surveillance system is basically a series of security cameras connected to a monitor and recording system. Most (old) DVR/NVR security camera systems are CCTV-based with the cameras connected to the recording system via video cables. A multi-channel DVR/NVR security camera system is dramatically more expensive than a regular IP camera; DVR/NVR security camera systems from different vendors require different cameras. Using IP-based network cameras, you don't need a DVR/NVR security camera system as each network camera can connect to the cloud directly.
IP / Network Cameras / Webcams
An Internet Protocol camera or network camera is a type of digital video camera that can send and receive data via a computer network. This type of camera has become increasingly popular among homeowners and business owners in the last few years because of steep price drop. A webcam can also be considered as a network camera because it can send or receive data via a computer.
Security Camera Vulnerabilities
Security cameras themselves are not completely secure. They can fail due to dust, smoke, fog, loss of power, or damage. They are also easily susceptible to tampering. If a security camera records data onsite, both the camera and the recorded data can be destroyed – by intruders, burglars, or anyone else who wants the data gone forever.
Camera Features
Motion Detection
Many security cameras now support motion detection - a technology that triggers recording only when something changes in the scene. Motion can be detected by image changes or sound changes. Many security cameras can only detect image changes. As minor scene changes can occur due to events such as natural light changes or wind changes, many security cameras allow you to configure a “threshold”. By setting a higher threshold, minor scene changes will be ignored and only scene changes that reach the “threshold” will be recorded. Motion detection is very useful if you want to significantly reduce bandwidth and storage usage.
Night Vision Cameras
One of the main usages of a security camera is to monitor night-time scenes. If the scene is not well lit, it is recommended that you use a camera with night vision capability. Those cameras use an infrared spectrum of light at night and can take pictures of objects in the dark.
Wireless Security Cameras
Wireless security cameras transmit video and audio signals wirelessly to a receiving device. There are analog and digital types of wireless cameras. Digital security cameras have become much more popular recently because they can be accessed over the Internet.
FTP/SMTP Cameras
FTP/SMTP cameras are a type of IP cameras that can upload recorded image/video files to an FTP/email server. Almost all IP cameras support FTP/SMTP uploading. FTP offsite storage is the most popular way of storing image/video files from a security camera/DVR.
Video Cameras
All security cameras are video cameras. Most security cameras support real-time monitoring / live streaming via a web browser within the same network. From the Internet, it requires more complicated network configuration. Some security cameras can store video files to a network file server within the same network. Almost all security cameras can upload image snapshots to an FTP/SMTP server; some cameras can also upload video clips to an FTP/SMTP server. CameraFTP supports video recording if your camera supports it.
Camera Storage & Image Size
Security Camera Storage
Most DVR/NVR security camera systems can store recorded images and videos to a tape, hard drive, or onsite storage server. However, storing data in this manner leaves it susceptible to tampering and damage by intruders. For better protection and security, offsite storage is the best solution.
Storage Requirement
The required amount of storage is dependent on your camera’s image resolution, frame rate, compression ratio and days of retention. Setting up your camera to use motion detection can significantly reduce storage usage.
Camera Retention Time
Security cameras can generate a large amount of data. The amount depends on the compression ratio, images captured per second, and image size. Most cameras provide a limited amount of storage space; therefore, recordings are usually kept for a preset amount of time before being overwritten by new images.
Camera Image Resolutions
An analog security camera usually supports PAL (768x576 Pixels) or NTSC (720x480 pixels) format. A digital security camera can support many different image resolutions, e.g. 640x480, 800x600, 1280x960, 1920x1080 and more.
Upload Bandwidth
While the resolutions of still image cameras can go as high as 10 million pixels, for a video surveillance camera, the standard resolution is lower. The main reason probably is because of storage and bandwidth requirement. The higher the resolution, the more storage space and the more bandwidth it requires. If you set the resolution to higher than 1280x720 and if you have multiple cameras, you might run out of upload bandwidth if you use ADSL or Cable Modem connections.
CameraFTP.com Service
Offsite Recording
Offsite recording addresses one of the biggest vulnerabilities of a security camera. Instead of storing recorded data onsite, recorded images are uploaded to Camera FTP server in real-time. Even if an intruder destroys a security camera, he cannot destroy the recorded data, which can be very helpful for tracking down the intruder.
Remote Play Back
Once a security camera uploads the recorded image/video files to Camera FTP server, you can play back the recorded footage from anywhere using CameraFTP’s Viewer App. The Camera Viewer feature is available for PC, MAC, tablet and smart phone.
Real-time viewing
Camera FTP supports real-time viewing (live streaming) of a scene using the Camera Viewer feature. Many IP cameras can support live viewing; however, such feature usually only works at the same location and only supports few connections. With Camera FTP service, you can view images/videos over the Internet from anywhere using any device. It also allows many people to live stream the video concurrently.
Home/Business Security
CameraFTP offers a revolutionary security and monitoring service for home and business users. Compared with traditional security services, it has a lot of advantages. It is extremely easy to setup, does not require any expensive hardware, requires no professional installation, and the cost is extremely low. Moreover, it is more secure than regular security services as it supports Cloud Recording and Playback.
Service Comparison
CameraFTP has many advantages over other security and surveillance services. You can compare features and prices with other security services. It is also better than using regular FTP/email service (such as Gmail, Outlook, Dropbox) for security camera storage. | {
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853 | Security cameras, also known as surveillance cameras, are used to monitor homes, businesses, and other types of properties. Typically, they are connected to a recording device such as a tape recorder or a disk. In the last few years, IP-based security cameras have become increasingly popular. Security cameras enable you to remotely monitor a scene and play back recorded images.
Analog CCTV Cameras
Analog Closed-Circuit Television cameras record pictures or videos as analog signals. Most of old surveillance cameras are analog cameras. This type of camera records directly onto a video tape recorder. In order to save recordings to a PC, the analog signal must be converted to a digital format; this can be done with a video capture card.
Digital CCTV Cameras
Digital CCTV cameras directly capture images and videos as digital signals. The signals are compressed and encoded into a standard video format such as MPEG. Digital CCTV cameras usually record videos onto a hard drive or a storage server.
DVR/NVR Security System
A DVR (Digital Video Recorder) security camera system or a NVR surveillance system is basically a series of security cameras connected to a monitor and recording system. Most (old) DVR/NVR security camera systems are CCTV-based with the cameras connected to the recording system via video cables. A multi-channel DVR/NVR security camera system is dramatically more expensive than a regular IP camera; DVR/NVR security camera systems from different vendors require different cameras. Using IP-based network cameras, you don't need a DVR/NVR security camera system as each network camera can connect to the cloud directly.
IP / Network Cameras / Webcams
An Internet Protocol camera or network camera is a type of digital video camera that can send and receive data via a computer network. This type of camera has become increasingly popular among homeowners and business owners in the last few years because of steep price drop. A webcam can also be considered as a network camera because it can send or receive data via a computer.
Security Camera Vulnerabilities
Security cameras themselves are not completely secure. They can fail due to dust, smoke, fog, loss of power, or damage. They are also easily susceptible to tampering. If a security camera records data onsite, both the camera and the recorded data can be destroyed – by intruders, burglars, or anyone else who wants the data gone forever.
Camera Features
Motion Detection
Many security cameras now support motion detection - a technology that triggers recording only when something changes in the scene. Motion can be detected by image changes or sound changes. Many security cameras can only detect image changes. As minor scene changes can occur due to events such as natural light changes or wind changes, many security cameras allow you to configure a “threshold”. By setting a higher threshold, minor scene changes will be ignored and only scene changes that reach the “threshold” will be recorded. Motion detection is very useful if you want to significantly reduce bandwidth and storage usage.
Night Vision Cameras
One of the main usages of a security camera is to monitor night-time scenes. If the scene is not well lit, it is recommended that you use a camera with night vision capability. Those cameras use an infrared spectrum of light at night and can take pictures of objects in the dark.
Wireless Security Cameras
Wireless security cameras transmit video and audio signals wirelessly to a receiving device. There are analog and digital types of wireless cameras. Digital security cameras have become much more popular recently because they can be accessed over the Internet.
FTP/SMTP Cameras
FTP/SMTP cameras are a type of IP cameras that can upload recorded image/video files to an FTP/email server. Almost all IP cameras support FTP/SMTP uploading. FTP offsite storage is the most popular way of storing image/video files from a security camera/DVR.
Video Cameras
All security cameras are video cameras. Most security cameras support real-time monitoring / live streaming via a web browser within the same network. From the Internet, it requires more complicated network configuration. Some security cameras can store video files to a network file server within the same network. Almost all security cameras can upload image snapshots to an FTP/SMTP server; some cameras can also upload video clips to an FTP/SMTP server. CameraFTP supports video recording if your camera supports it.
Camera Storage & Image Size
Security Camera Storage
Most DVR/NVR security camera systems can store recorded images and videos to a tape, hard drive, or onsite storage server. However, storing data in this manner leaves it susceptible to tampering and damage by intruders. For better protection and security, offsite storage is the best solution.
Storage Requirement
The required amount of storage is dependent on your camera’s image resolution, frame rate, compression ratio and days of retention. Setting up your camera to use motion detection can significantly reduce storage usage.
Camera Retention Time
Security cameras can generate a large amount of data. The amount depends on the compression ratio, images captured per second, and image size. Most cameras provide a limited amount of storage space; therefore, recordings are usually kept for a preset amount of time before being overwritten by new images.
Camera Image Resolutions
An analog security camera usually supports PAL (768x576 Pixels) or NTSC (720x480 pixels) format. A digital security camera can support many different image resolutions, e.g. 640x480, 800x600, 1280x960, 1920x1080 and more.
Upload Bandwidth
While the resolutions of still image cameras can go as high as 10 million pixels, for a video surveillance camera, the standard resolution is lower. The main reason probably is because of storage and bandwidth requirement. The higher the resolution, the more storage space and the more bandwidth it requires. If you set the resolution to higher than 1280x720 and if you have multiple cameras, you might run out of upload bandwidth if you use ADSL or Cable Modem connections.
CameraFTP.com Service
Offsite Recording
Offsite recording addresses one of the biggest vulnerabilities of a security camera. Instead of storing recorded data onsite, recorded images are uploaded to Camera FTP server in real-time. Even if an intruder destroys a security camera, he cannot destroy the recorded data, which can be very helpful for tracking down the intruder.
Remote Play Back
Once a security camera uploads the recorded image/video files to Camera FTP server, you can play back the recorded footage from anywhere using CameraFTP’s Viewer App. The Camera Viewer feature is available for PC, MAC, tablet and smart phone.
Real-time viewing
Camera FTP supports real-time viewing (live streaming) of a scene using the Camera Viewer feature. Many IP cameras can support live viewing; however, such feature usually only works at the same location and only supports few connections. With Camera FTP service, you can view images/videos over the Internet from anywhere using any device. It also allows many people to live stream the video concurrently.
Home/Business Security
CameraFTP offers a revolutionary security and monitoring service for home and business users. Compared with traditional security services, it has a lot of advantages. It is extremely easy to setup, does not require any expensive hardware, requires no professional installation, and the cost is extremely low. Moreover, it is more secure than regular security services as it supports Cloud Recording and Playback.
Service Comparison
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855 | There is one of these kid fitness places next to the dojon where my son does Taekwondo. When it opened I talked to the guy and realized there was a market for it. And he isn't packed, but there are always kids in there.
One person says in the article that she bought Wii Fit so she didn't have to force her kids to be active. It didn't seem right to her.
First off, as parents we often have to force our kids to do things they don't want. Secondly, if we live an active lifestyle our kids will.
I read this article after taking an hour long hike with my family. It isn't something we do every weekend, but it is something I wish we could do every weekend.
So what's wrong with making your kid be active?
I live in an area where the kids can be highly scheduled so it isn't simple to just go out and play wiht the kids in the neighborhood, but frankly, most video games are done by themselves so why can't a kid ride his bike by himself?
I'm old-fashioned, I realize. My kids are limited in their video game use. They are limited to their tv watching also.
I'm not as strict as some, but not as free as most, I guess.
So what do you think this says about our society that kids have to go to the gym to get exercise instead of walking outside their house?
Posted by Chris Redding at 5:40 PM
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Labels: exerecise, gyms, happy news, kids
2 comments:
Anonymous said...
I think it's a shame kids can't entertain themselves with their own imagination and get good exercise because of the games they play outdoors anymore. My childhood was lived and enjoyed out of doors, climbing trees, biking around town, playing pickup baseball and football, swimming. But it's a sign of the times. I mean, we didn't get a TV until I was ten, and it was black and white and we watched family friendly (that's all that was on of course - lol) shows together on family nights eating popcorn. I'm showing my age of course, but I think it's a doggone shame kids have to be entertained all the time in order to not get bored or be induced into getting some exercise.
September 22, 2008 at 10:24 AM
Holly Jahangiri said...
I think it's sad. But just how comfortable would you be, letting your child take long walks around the neighborhood (the way we used to, as kids), knowing that there are at least five convicted child molesters living within a few blocks of your home?
I think it's sad that we've become so litigious that we'd sue a next door neighbor if our beloved child climbed their tree and broke a leg when the branch cracked. (Used to be, we'd worry more that the neighbor would be upset that Johnny broke their tree.)
I think it's sad we have to have fences between the yards in our neighborhoods.
I think...
Well, there's a upside, too. I know I enjoy being active WITH my son in Boy Scouts (never thought I'd say THAT!). I even enjoy camping, now. I spaced my kids eight years apart, so that once the younger one got involved in extracurricular activities, the older one was driving and we didn't need to juggle schedules so much.
There are trade-offs. I don't think as a parent you can just sit back and let your kids do whatever they gravitate towards doing; my son plays too many video games, but I use that as incentive to make him read and get out and try lots of new things, as well. (His "addiction" to video games has taught him how powerless other addictions can make you - I can take away his DS and it's amazing how quickly and pleasantly he complies with requests to do chores, or to read! He knows it will go away for months and months if his grades drop. But in all seriousness, I think he understands why he NEVER wants to indulge in drugs or alcohol.) | {
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856 | Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetū will be operating a little differently while our city remains Orange under the new COVID-19 Protection Framework. That means you’ll need to show your My Vaccine Pass when you visit us, and wear your mask and scan or sign in. Mā te wā, see you soon.
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HomeCollectionShades of Evening, the Estuary
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John Gibb
Scotland / Aotearoa New Zealand, b.1831, d.1909
Shades of Evening, the Estuary
1880
Oil on canvas
Presented by the Canterbury Society of Arts, 1932
685 x 1145 x 35mm
69/153
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Tags: academicism, boats, clouds, dusk, estuaries, flags, landscapes (representations), mountains, natural landscapes, rivers, seas, sunlight
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About the artist
John Gibb in his studio
The Weekly Press, 12 December 1900, p. 62
Image supplied by Christchurch City Libraries (CCL-PhotoCD07-IMG0022)
By 1880, when the Canterbury Society of Arts was formed, John Gibb was the most popular painter of the Christchurch art world. Gibb was so highly regarded that the very first work acquired for Christchurch’s civic art collection was his Shades of Evening, the Estuary. It was purchased in 1881 by the Canterbury Society of Arts from its inaugural annual exhibition and then presented to the Gallery in 1932. Gibb loved sunsets; the golden hour when there’s still a trace of day in the sky. According to one family member Gibb would drop whatever he was doing in the evening to watch and study the setting sun. His pleasure in the atmospheric effects of evening light is apparent here, as the sun’s last rays create a subtle glow on the clouds, which is also reflected in the water. The view takes in Christchurch’s Ihutai / Avon-Heathcote Estuary.
(March 2018)
Exhibition History
John Gibb
Canterbury Vignette Series: John Gibb
Aqua Marine
A Canterbury Perspective Nga Taonga Titiro Whakamuri i Roto i Waitaha
Canterbury Society of Arts
Brought to Light: A New View of the Collection
Painting in Canterbury 1860-1940
earlier labels about this work
John Gibb,18 December 2015 – 28 August 2016
This painting was the first work bought for Christchurch's civic art collection, purchased in 1881 by the Canterbury Society of Arts from its inaugural annual exhibition and then given to the Gallery in 1932.
Gibb loved sunsets; according to one family member he would drop whatever he was doing in the evening to watch and study the setting sun. His pleasure in the atmospheric effects of evening light is apparent here, as the last rays of the setting sun create an intense orange glow reflected on the clouds.
The view takes in the estuary, also known as Te Wahapū, of Christchurch’s Avon (Ōtākaro) and Heathcote (Ōpāwaho) rivers, looking west towards the foothills of the Southern Alps.
This view of Christchurch’s Avon / Heathcote Estuary, also known as the Opawaho / Otakaro Estuary, looks west towards the foothills of the Southern Alps. A much more settled landscape today, in 1880 John Gibb shows only a small limp red flag and a derelict rowboat as signs of human activity. The painting is in the precise, academic realist style to which Gibb was exposed in Scotland. He liked to paint the atmospheric effects of the setting or rising sun, which give a romantic aspect to his works. Gibb was born in Cumbernauld, Scotland. He received tuition from John McKenzie at Greenockand, in 1861, began exhibiting at the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1868, however, he began exhibiting at the more progressive Royal Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts. Gibb emigrated from Scotland in 1876. He settled in Christchurch, was a founding member of the Canterbury Society of Arts and travelled widely in New Zealand, painting many different regions. (Label date unknown)
Related reading: John Gibb
Product
Shades of Evening: John Gibb - Print
$56.50
film
John Gibb - Lyttelton Harbour, N.Z. Inside the breakwater
Exhibition
John Gibb
A selection of Canterbury landscape paintings by Victorian artist John Gibb.
Notes
‘Where the picture stops and the world begins’
The way a work of art is framed affects our perception of the piece. A bad frame can detract and distract, a good frame enhances and even extends a work. While the Gallery has been closed we have updated frames for a number of works in the collection.
film
Alfred Walsh and John Gibb
Notes
Flood in Otira Gorge by John Gibb
This article first appeared as 'Stormy weather' in The Press on 26 April 2013.
Notes
Across the Main Divide
One of the great benefits of living in Christchurch, especially post February 2011, is the amazing alpine playground that lies within easy reach of the city – the mighty Southern Alps.
Collection
John Gibb South Point, Kaikoura, from the cliffs
Collection
John Gibb Clearing up after Rain, Foot of Otira Gorge
The wild and rugged mountainous landscape of Otira has captivated visitors since the first road was cut through the gorge in the mid-1860s. Otira is the Māori place name for this region and translates as ‘the last rays of the sun’. It was a landscape that Gibb was drawn to, and he returned to paint it repeatedly throughout his career. An unforgiving place with high rainfall, rivers can rise suddenly and fill the gorge with the thundering noise of falling water. Gibb has painted the aftermath of one such storm in this work. The original Otira Hotel depicted in this painting was washed away when the Otira River flooded in 1886. (John Gibb, 18 December 2015 – 28 August 2016)
Collection
John Gibb From the Foot of the Hills
Gibb's view of the Canterbury Plains from the foot of Christchurch's Port Hills highlights the agricultural potential of this vast, flat expanse. The plains are also known as Kā Pākihi Whakatekateka a Waitaha, which translates from Māori as the seedbed of Waitaha (the region's early inhabitants). The region was a bountiful food source for the people of Ngāi Tahu, providing just as it does today. The cows standing in the middle of the gentle Heathcote / Ōpāwaho river in this painting provide a reminder, however, that this land needs to be respected if future generations are to continue to benefit from what Kā Pākihi Whakatekateka a Waitaha has to offer.
(John Gibb, 18 December 2015 – 28 August 2016)
Collection
John Gibb Lyttelton Harbour, N.Z. Inside the Breakwater
As with Petrus van der Velden’s The Leuvehaven, this painting by John Gibb provides a view of a bustling port where ships come and go, unloading and loading their cargo. By 1886, when this painting was completed, the town of Lyttelton / Ōhinehou had been settled by pākehā for just over thirty-six years, and the port had become one of New Zealand’s busiest. Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō provided welcome refuge for ships from the Pacific Ocean beyond the harbour heads, particularly once the breakwater had been completed. Gibb's painting shows fishing boats, sailing and steam ships, a launch and even a rowboat plying the sheltered waters of the harbour, busily going about their business. It was first shown at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition at the Royal Albert Hall in London in 1886, where it would have served well in promoting the progressive industriousness of the port and the prosperity of the Canterbury Province to an international audience.
(Reading the Swell 3 September 2016 – 6 February 2017)
Collection
John Gibb Bottle Lake
Bottle Lake appears revealed at Gibb’s favoured time of day, when the sun is low on the horizon and the sky is luminous with colour. On a boat in the lake some eeling is underway. Sunlight streams across the landscape, softly striking clouds and treetops, while the grass at the water’s edge is absolutely radiant in streaks of vivid green. The scene is highly detailed and the eye is encouraged to linger on the seductive serenity Gibb has provided.
(Endless Light, 29 June 2019 – 8 March 2020)
Collection
John Gibb Clearing up, Otira Gorge
print
John Gibb
print
Aoraki/Hikurangi
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857 | Andrew Strom has re-ignited concerns which have surfaced periodically since the time of the Toronto Blessing in 1994. The outspoken New Zealand preacher has written a book entitled 'Kundalini Warning' which suggests that false spirits are invading the church.
Ed. Foreward
I researched the New Age Movement (and its associated eastern spiritualities) back in the late 80s/early 90s and spoke, (by invitation at that time) to many church groups on the subject.
Awakening the Kundalini is the expression used by mystics, Hindu gurus and New Agers for the practice of focussing on a 'serpent spirit' which, they say, resides in each one of us in the form of a coiled snake located at the base of the spine. Through meditation and physical body positioning the aim is to 'raise the Kundalini' through a total of seven spiritual waypoints – called 'Chakras' – located along the spine.
The aim is to elevate the Kundalini spirit to the 'Crown Chakra' which is located at the top of the skull. Those who have gone through this process have described it as 'mind-blowing'.
I threw the 'best' book I had on the subject into the waste bucket as I didn't want it in my home, and I wouldn't want to quote from it in this article anyway.
The practice, which is spiritually dangerous in the extreme, is often linked with Yoga-like exercises associated with eastern meditation and mysticism. Chanting and essentially self-hypnotic routines can be a 'way in'.
Andrew Strom believes that these phenomena – stretching back to the Toronto Blessing – represent the 'worst invasion [of deceiving spirits] in church history' and, in his concern, goes as far as controversaly 'naming names'. It is up to the reader to exercise his/her own discernment on all that is contained in the following.
------------
KUNDALINI WARNING – Urgent
-by Andrew Strom.
I just saw the video of Rick Joyner announcing that Todd Bentley is back ministering every night at Morningstar in North Carolina and now they have so-called "revival" manifestations eerily similar to Lakeland. They also announced that they are streaming these big meetings every night on their new TV channel - and they are greatly promoting the whole thing.
Now I am a tongues-speaking Pentecostal myself - but can I ask a simple question here please? What kind of "spirit" was it operating in the Lakeland revival - when the leader and main focal- point of the meetings (Todd Bentley) was having an adulterous affair behind the scenes? Was it truly the "Holy" Spirit that was anointing something so sensual and unholy? And now that Todd divorced his wife and married his mistress - are we supposed to welcome him back and this "anointing" with him? What is going on here? Rick Joyner has been warned very specifically by high- level ministries not to do what he is doing now - bringing Todd Bentley back into the limelight. And yet it seems he does not care. Apparently the "manifestations" are all that matter.
So what exactly are these 'manifestations' if they are seemingly at home in such an unholy environment? Are they from God at all? (I am talking here about the violent "jerking", uncontrollable laughter, bodily contortions, drunkenness, 'portals', strange "angel" encounters, etc.) Why do we not see such an 'anointing' in the Bible? Why aren't Jesus or the apostles promoting these manifestations if they really are true Revival? Why instead do we see these things all the way through the New Age and Hinduism, etc? Do we not realize that many false religions have their own version of "laying on of hands" that results in these very types of manifestations? This 'spirit' is not in the Bible - but it is all the way through Kundalini-type Hinduism! Don't you think this should alarm us?
WHAT is KUNDALINI?
If you search for Kundalini and Shakti on the Internet, you will find that multitudes of people in the New Age and Eastern religions still experience these powerful manifestations. Often this is with the help of a Guru, who touches them on the forehead so that they can experience a "Kundalini Awakening".
As researcher Robert Walker wrote in 1995: "The meetings which mystic Hindu gurus hold are called 'Darshan'. At these meetings devotees go forward to receive spiritual experience from a touch by the open palm of the hand, often to the forehead, by the guru in what is known as the Shakti Pat or divine touch. The raising of the spiritual experience is called raising Kundalini. After a period when the devotee has reached a certain spiritual elevation they begin to shake, jerk, or hop or squirm uncontrollably, sometimes breaking into uncontrolled animal noises or laughter as they reach an ecstatic high. These manifestations are called 'Kriyas'. Devotees sometimes roar like lions and show all kinds of physical signs during this period. Often devotees move on to higher states of spiritual consciousness and become inert physically and appear to slip into an unconsciousness."
And as the guru Shri Yogãnandji Mahãrãja wrote: "When Your body begins trembling, hair stands on roots, you laugh or begin to weep without your wishing, your tongue begins to utter deformed sounds, you are filled with fear or see frightening visions. the Kundalini Shakti has become active."
In China there is a popular Kundalini-type movement called 'Qigong'. When a Chinese Qigong spiritual master spoke in the USA in
1991, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that many in the crowd began to experience "spontaneous movements". The master told his audience, "Those who are sensitive might start having some strong physical sensations - or start laughing or crying. Don't worry. This is quite normal."
When you see videos of these "kriyas" or other Kundalini-type manifestations, you would often swear that you are watching a modern "Impartation"-type church meeting. (And I say this as someone who believes strongly in the gifts of the Holy Spirit. I just don't believe in "alien" anointings infiltrating the Body of Christ! There is a big difference between Kundalini and the real Holy Spirit).
Since 1993-4, I believe a foreign spirit has been allowed to invade the church - first through Rodney Howard-Browne's ministry - then Toronto, then the Prophetic movement (which I was part of at the time) and on into Lakeland and many other ministries and movements. I urge people now to "test the spirits" just as we are commanded to in Scripture. Do not let just anyone lay hands on you. This is a powerful spirit and it has the backing of a lot of big-name ministries. In fact, these men and women are the very ones responsible for allowing it to spread right through the body of Christ. And one day they will be answerable to God for doing so.
We are specifically warned in the Bible that the Last Days will be a time of "seducing spirits," false prophets, 'lying signs and wonders,' and that we always need to watch for "angels of light" masquerading as the real thing. Why does the modern church not take these warnings seriously? Aren't we living in the very days that the Bible warns about?
Right now I need to do something that I have never done in such a way before. I have never before published a list of ministries or movements to watch out for. But this time I have to. This sickness has gone on long enough. I urge you to cut yourself off from the following ministries and their tainted "anointings" my friends. Even though some of these people say "good things" at times, it is simply not worth having any involvement with them due to the tainted anointing that they endorse or minister in themselves. Here is the list-
(1) Todd Bentley.
(2) Rodney Howard Browne - the so-called "Holy Ghost Bartender."
(2) Rick Joyner or anyone connected with Morningstar Ministries.
(3) John Arnott & any connected with TACF (The "Toronto Blessing").
(4) Peter Wagner of the 'New Apostolic Reformation' who claims to be head of a worldwide network of 'apostles' - who publicly endorsed Lakeland and will soon preach at Toronto TACF alongside other "false anointing" advocates.
(5) Mike Bickle and IHOP Kansas City (-I lived nearby for over two years - and know how much they are into all this stuff. Mike Bickle promotes it in his book).
(6) Bob Jones - the Kansas City prophet whose ministry is utterly tainted by it all.
(7) Patricia King and anyone else from 'Extreme Prophetic.'
(8) John Crowder & anyone connected with "Sloshfest."
(9) Bill Johnson of Bethel church, Redding - who says some good things but publicly endorsed Lakeland and promotes the "false anointing" very strongly behind the scenes.
(10) Heidi & Rolland Baker of IRIS Ministries - who do good work amongst the poor in Mozambique - but who have also carried and promoted this tainted anointing for years.
(11) Randy Clark, Wes & Stacey Campbell, and other key figures from the "Toronto blessing."
(12) The Elijah List - and almost anyone featured on it.
Of course there are a huge number of lesser-known preachers and ministries who carry or endorse this Kundalini-type "anointing" around the world. But I have concentrated here on the most influential that I know of. It really is an enormous issue in the church. I urge anyone who is a supporter of any of the above ministries to really check them out thoroughly. If you find (as I have) that they carry or endorse this false Kundalini spirit in the church, then please stop supporting them in any way - and whatever you do, don't let them "lay hands" on you!
I am putting everything on the line to be "naming names" like this. But I believe it is that serious. How on earth did we get to the point where "kriyas" just like Hinduism are spreading through the church?
These people are trying to "relaunch" this whole thing right now. To see a video showing "kriyas" and other Kundalini-type manifestations, please click on the Youtube links below-
Part One Part Two
Andrew Strom is founder of RevivalSchool.com and the international REVIVAL list. He was involved for 11 years in the same Prophetic movement as Todd Bentley until he left over what he saw as the unbiblical and bizarre phenomenon within that movement. His article originally entitled 'Why I left the prophetic movent' has since been published in book form with the title 'True and False Revival'.
Footnote: Links to Related Articles on the Lakeland revival and on discernment can be found in the sidebar at the top of this page.
Christians Together, 31/07/2010
Feedback:
(page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19)
Peter Carr 04/08/2010 16:09
Sorry, I am still confused, are you saying that Todd Bentley is repentant?
Pawlo 04/08/2010 17:38
Hi Peter,
I think its to do with people who have left the movement that Todd Bentley etc started, not that Todd Bentley has himself turned away from it.
Peter Carr 04/08/2010 18:06
OK thanks Paul. It is a worthwhile exercise to remember what Bentley is capabale of, like the time when he kicked a man with colon cancer in the stomach with the pretence that he was kicking the cancer out of him. The man has since died of colon cancer!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2Rw6TCiUO8&feature=related
Where in the Bible do you see a model for this?
Peter Carr 06/08/2010 13:02
Thank God for people like David Wllkerson exposing the truth... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrpW6Xctg8Q&feature=related
Peter Carr 06/08/2010 15:44
We know that Richard Dawkins was responsible for writing 'The God Delusion', but how many Christians are responsible for their own God delusion listening to people like Todd Bentley?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOAKPh6fq_8&feature=related
Peter Carr 09/08/2010 07:29
Todd Bentley, drunk in the Spirit, or just drunk..?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pK1Ddy2kY0&feature=related
Leo Rose (Guest) 12/08/2010 16:53
The facts are that Todd Bentley has divorced his wife Shonnah and has married Jessa the woman he was previously having an affair with during the so-called Lakeland revival. This is not repentance.
They talk about it here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHDHedCkjzo
As well Todd and his new wife are back in the pulpit through Morningstarministries.org
False prophets Bob Jones and Rick Joyner made a public showing of their support for Todd and his new wife Jessa, you can see the event here at these links:
Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3J2kmUGoE4&p=350B5E334EB09201&playnext=1&index=11
Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHHAURjJnzA
Remember, Bob Jones was found guilty of using his prophetic gifts to undress women in his office.
What a mess, and what a shame that many in the church today don't seem to exercise any discernment.
One last video link - this one is of Jessa Bentley experiencing what appears to be a Kundalini release. Interesting . . .
Leo Rose (Guest) 12/08/2010 16:55
Oooops, here's the last video link I mentioned
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqI8I17Q0jQ&feature=related
Pawlo 12/08/2010 19:33
"As well Todd and his new wife are back in the pulpit through Morningstarministries.org"
It is worth noting that the morning star is used in scripture as a reference to Satan as well as Christ, Satan ultimately trying to decieve the church by masquerading as an angel of light.
See Isaiah 14:12-13 and 2 Cor 11,13-15
Brian Ross 13/08/2010 14:01
It must be some thirty years since I first started to realise that one of the sadly missing gifts in the church was/is discernment. However, not having the platform that was provided for others, my thoughts didn't reach a very wide audience!!
"... a list of ministries that are credible and sound is as vital if not more so, to help those who heed the warning and leave the movement so they may be strengthened in the true way. They will need strong foundational teaching and good ministries in discernment."
This is so very true. I once taught a series of evening classes on Cults and Heresies. One of the initial points that I made was that, in banking, tellers are taught to recognise counterfeit bank-notes, not by being shown lots of counterfeits, but by handling the genuine article so much, and becoming so familiar with it, that the counterfeit is instantly recognised! We need true Holy Spirit revival in our land, and in our world. That requires, not just lots of folk dancing and speaking in tongues (and I do both when appropriate), but real discipleship in the living Word of God, the sword of the Spirit.
(page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19)
NOTICE: - The 'Response' facility on some articles may be restricted to CT site members. In these circumstances comments/questions from non-site members should be sent to the Editor by e-mail: editor<atsign>christianstogether.net | {
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858 | It’s been three weeks since we dropped my older son off at college. He’s doing okay. Texting is the world’s greatest invention. EVER.
I, on the other hand, have found this entire year very stressful (even before he left). When I get stressed out, I tend to lose my appetite. A long time ago, I found that a great way to handle stress is to do more physical things. Lately I’ve been hiking a lot and eating less.
I’ve lost ten pounds since my son went off to college.
I can’t honestly say I’m unhappy, because the moments of sheer joy when I reach the top of a mountain (hiking, not rock climbing, I assure you) are sublime. The rattlesnake we saw yesterday on the way back down Mt. Tammany was NOT sublime. It was cool. Interesting. A little freaky, but not sublime.
Finding out that my son’s roommate bought a jar of peanut butter and cracked it open in their room to eat it, was also NOT FUN. I have a feeling I’ll be going hiking again in a day or so.
The moment I managed to climb up the Skyline Trail onto the North Lookout at Hawk Mountain was surprising (because, yeah, that actually was rock climbing). I didn’t know I could do that. I doubt I’ll do it again.
We go to visit my son in a week for the day. I’m looking forward to it.
Christine on Instagram
My afternoon: Before and after: a broken vintage watch band becomes a fabulous bracelet! This amazing leopardskin jasper has been sitting in my stash for a few years, waiting for its perfect setting. When I rescued this vintage watch band, I knew it was perfect for this piece. Find it at SleepyMaple.com for only $50! #upcycle #upcycledjewelry #upcycledpendant #upcycledbracelet #vintagestyle #vintage #vintageaesthetic #vintagefashion #vintagejewelry #retro #retrostyle #retroaesthetic #unique #uniquegifts #uniquejewelry #wirewrappedjewelry #wirewrapping #treasure
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859 | Addressing Charles Weisman’s What About the Seedline Doctrine? Part 7, Evil for Wicked or Good | Christogenea.org
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Addressing Charles Weisman’s What About the Seedline Doctrine? Part 7, Evil for Wicked or Good
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Addressing Charles Weisman’s What About the Seedline Doctrine? Part 7, Evil for Wicked or Good
Here we shall continue our address of chapter 3 of Charles Weisman’s book, which is simply titled “The Serpent”. As I had said before we began this endeavor in our last presentation, because this is probably the most important chapter in his book, we may present and address every single paragraph, so that none of our detractors can claim we purposely missed anything which they may then imagine that we cannot answer.
At the beginning of his chapter on “The Serpent”, we have already discussed most of the points made by Charles Weisman where he had presented a list of uses of the words satan and devil as they are found throughout the Scriptures. His biggest mistake, in my opinion, was his failure to distinguish between these words where they appear as simple nouns or adjectives or where they appear as a Substantive along with a definite article. The word diabolos is an adjective which can mean slanderer. But when it appears with a definite article it is used as a noun to describe a particular slanderer. Then where the definite article appears with a noun, it is referring to a known, particular instance of the given noun, rather than to just any instance. In other words, satan or a satan, without the definite article, describes anyone who at one point or another may be an adversary, but the satan, with the definite article, describes a particular and already known entity which is an adversary. Weisman exploited his examples of the use of these words by not explaining that difference. So thus far in his arguments in this chapter, Weisman has lied by omission.
So where we left off, we will repeat the last item in Weisman’s list of examples, because we did not discuss it sufficiently:
Oppressive governmental authorities are the devil (Eph. 6:11,12; Rev. 2:10).
And this too is a lie, because it is an oversimplification. First, the children of Israel had sinned collectively, as it is described in 1 Samuel chapter 8, because they were to have no governmental authority at all, and when they insisted on a king, Yahweh told them that they had rejected Him as king, and therefore they would suffer under earthly kings. That suffering was not a decree of punishment, but rather, Yahweh was only telling them what the natural outcome of their decision was going to be.
However oppressive governmental authorities by themselves are not the devil. What Yahweh told the children of Israel would happen to them under a king, in 1 Samuel 8:11-18, had happened under Saul, David, Solomon, and all their successors. But David and Solomon were not devils, and neither were their governments.
Because the children of Israel sinned, after they were put off in punishment in the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, it was then prophesied, especially in Daniel, that they would be punished for a fixed period of time, and suffer under oppressive governments. One of those oppressive governments would be Assyria, another Babylon, another Persia, another that of the Greeks, and finally that of the Romans. Other prophecies in Daniel describe what would happen later, after the passing of Rome. Yet Cyrus, the King of Persia, while he was a part of one of those beast empires, was described as a “man more precious than fine gold ” by Yahweh Himself in Isaiah chapter 13. Then in chapters 44-45 we read, where Yahweh is first referring to Himself speaking of Cyrus: “44:28 That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. 45:1 Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut…” [The reference to the gates is to the famous gates of Babylon, which were later opened to Cyrus without his having to broach the walls of the city, nearly 200 years after Isaiah had written.]
Now Cyrus conquered Babylon, as it says in Isaiah 45:1 he subdued many other of the surrounding nations, and he later died in his attempt to conquer the Scythians to the north, who were certainly a great number of the children of Israel in captivity. All of the nations which became subject to him or who fought with him would certainly have considered him as an oppressor. But the Word of God considered him to be anointed by God, a man more precious than gold who would serve the Will of Yahweh. This is only one more example where a so-called “oppressive governmental authority” is certainly not the devil, and once again Charles Weisman is exposed to be a blatant liar.
In fact, in Romans chapter 13 Paul described how governments serve the will of God as He uses them to punish disobedient men. In the provenance of God, even wicked governments are tools employed by Him. As Paul explains it, governments, whether they are good or wicked at any particular time, are serving the purposes of God Himself to punish the wicked or to reward the good, even if the rewards are not immediately perceived. So earthly governments were ordained by God, because the children of Israel had abandoned Him and sought an earthly king, but that does not mean that governments in general can be described as “the devil”, as we have seen governments which God Himself considered to be good, governments which He formed to do His Will.
Weisman cited Ephesians chapter 6, verses 11 and 12 where he said here that “oppressive governmental authorities are the devil”, but we must once again ask, did Paul actually write what Weisman concluded in this statement? In the King James Version those verses read: “11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.” A precursory reading immediately reveals that Paul did not say that we wrestle against high places, but “against spiritual wickedness in high places.” Paul did not say that we wrestle against rulers but “against the rulers of the darkness of this world”. There is a difference between oppressive government and wicked men who introduce evil into the government.
Weisman also cited Revelation 2:10, but ignored verse 9, which we will not ignore: “9 I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan. 10 Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.” Now if there are people who claim to be Judaeans but are not, who are they? And if they are a “synagogue of Satan”, meaning an assembly of Satan, are they not the Jews who were truly Edomites and Canaanites and were persecuting Christians at this very time? So it is not government which is the devil, but evil influences within government which may be devils.
Furthermore, writing Ephesians about 2 years after he wrote his epistle to the Romans, Paul was not contradicting himself with his statements in Romans chapter 13 where he said “1 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.” Rather, Paul was teaching that earthly rulers were ordained by God, but that God-fearing Christians should not be in fear of those earthly rulers. Peter taught virtually the same thing, in fewer words, where he said in chapter 2 of his first epistle “13 Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; 14 Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.” [Peter mentioned a king in that passage, not an emperor, because he was writing in Babylon to Mesopotamians who were under the rule of the Parthians.] So Christ had also said “Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's.” But at the same time, writing those lines in Ephesians Paul was teaching that God-fearing Christians would resist the evil within government by keeping obedience to God.
So it is not “oppressive governmental authorities” which are the devil, but it is certain men who come to power within governments who are often devils, or even men who have the power to control entire governments, as a particular devil offered to Christ, in Luke chapter 4 where we read: “5 And the devil, taking him up into an high mountain, shewed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it.” The devil was a man who had the kingdoms of that society in his pocket, and we see the same is true of many devils of modern times, such as a Rothschild or a Sassoon or a Soros.
However Weisman proceeds as if at least most of his assertions could not be challenged, while we have challenged and discredited practically all of them, either by showing why they are not relevant to the issue, or by demonstrating that they prove our point and not his. So he concludes that:
Though a few of these usages may be debatable, most are not. The point is that the words “devil” or “satan” are obviously not given one single meaning, usage or identity throughout Scripture. But that is how Christendom has interpreted and used these words. Christians have used them to always mean a supernatural, god-like, invisible entity that causes evil, problems and tribulation upon man. This is also the concept employed by adherents of the Satanic Seedline doctrine, since that doctrine requires the existence of a supernatural satanic being.
Now Weisman is correct, that denominational Christendom and the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches have traditionally interpreted these words as he describes. They also often failed to distinguish the adjective and noun forms of these words from their use as a Substantive or as a proper noun. Many early Two-Seedline teachers followed these same mistakes, but that is not our fault, and of course we believe that Two-Seedline is true, although we differ from them in many ways.
But recognizing the instances where the adjective is used as a Substantive, and where the nouns accompanied by a Definite Article are used as a proper noun, specifying a particular entity, is necessary to determining how these words were actually intended to be understood by the authors of our Scriptures. If Weisman did understand those uses, which I doubt because he seems to only have known Greek and Hebrew words from concordances and a couple of lexicons, then he must have purposely ignored it for this book.
However even if we understand that there are tangible devils and a tangible Satan, we do not misinterpret these words. In the manner in which Weisman describes We do not think that the terms Devil or Satan “always mean a supernatural, god-like, invisible entity that causes evil, problems and tribulation upon man”. In fact, we do not think that those terms ever mean that, although from our Scriptures we must believe that there were entities called demons, which are disembodied wicked spirits. But while we recognize the possibility of disembodied spirits called demons, we do not rely on there any so-called disembodied spirits or demons for any aspect of our Two-Seedline profession.
Rather, we believe that the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil represents a race, or actually, what we today would call races, of so-called people who are physically descended from another race, called in the Scriptures by the term fallen angels, and the collective of those people are Satan and the Devil, while any one of them may be a Satan or a Devil at any given time. While Adamic men and women sin, it does not make them Satan, and while sometimes devils appear to do well, that does not make them children of God. We will discuss all of this further, as we reach the appropriate points in Weisman’s book.
Our point of view fully accounts for something which Weisman had himself professed, but which Weisman could not explain, and that is how a “serpent”, an intelligent individual with its own order of things and contrary to the order of God, was in the garden to seduce Eve in the first place. Our viewpoint, once all these things are studied, is the only point of view which is consistent with all Scripture. For now we shall continue.
Page 21:
It cannot conclusively be said that devil or satan must mean the serpent, or that the serpent must be interpreted as the traditional concept of satan. Therefore quoting the book of Revelation which states, “that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan” (Rev. 12:9; 20:2), is not definitive as to what the serpent is or can be called. Nor is it definitive as to who or what the devil or satan is or can be called. It is only one of many usages of these terms. If we say the serpent is a reptile, it cannot be said that “reptile” always means the serpent, as other things are also called reptile. It is a generic or comprehensive term like the term “devil.”
As we have explained, there are many times when men can be a satan, meaning an adversary, or a devil, meaning an accuser. But frequently in Scripture when the adversaries of God are referred to, they are called “the satan” or “the false accuser”, terms which refer to specific entities, and the serpent of Genesis is equated in the Revelation to a specific Satan and a specific accuser. Weisman is lying by omission by purposely failing to recognize this. The phrase ὁ διάβολος is not generic. It represents a specific class of people. So Peter used a definite article where he warned Christians that ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος, or “your adversary the devil” walks about as a roaring lion, “seeking whom he may devour.” Peter was certainly not referring to “your adversary the flesh”, but he was referring to fleshly devils. In fact, we mentioned in our last presentation where Luke identified a spirit-demon with the words ὁ διάβολος, in Acts chapter 10, and if a spirit-demon can be a devil, as that passage in Luke proves, then Weisman is dead wrong in his assertion that the devil is the flesh.
Continuing with Weisman, where we are still on Page 21:
As to whether the serpent of Genesis 3 is a supernatural being, or evil angelic entity, commonly called the Devil or Satan, is another critical question. The Satanic Seedline proponents insist that it is so, but such a proposition has no support in the Pentateuch which has no reference at all to these terms, as the Bible scholar George Lamsa [citing his book, Old Testament Light, with which we also disagree] states:
“The term Satan or ‘devil’ was not known to the early Hebrews, nor does it occur in the early books of the Bible. Evidently, these terms were used later when the Israelites came in contact with the people who believed in two gods, the god of good and the god of evil. The Babylonians and the Persians accepted the doctrine of dualism, with two powers; good and evil.”
In Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28, we read that God was known to cause every type of evil and problem — social, political, economical, agricultural, and personal. It is plainly obvious that upon reading such verses that the early Hebrews were not “dualists.” Thus Moses and the early patriarchs would not have thought of a supernatural entity of evil when they wrote the Genesis account of the serpent.
Now we left off one sentence short of the end of this paragraph, which we shall continue below, but first we must address this statement which Weisman attributes to George Lamsa. First, we are not dualists. We do not believe in a wicked power that is somehow equal to the power of God. We do not believe in a spiritual Satan who has power over the lives of men. But in the New Testament, men and women were indeed vexed and even possessed by demons, which were wicked spirits, and we have shown that in the books of Moses, the Pentateuch, the existence of those demons was recognized, and men who were taken to idolatry were worshipping such demons. Furthermore, another word translated as devil also referred to a hairy goat, and the Greeks used that same Hebrew word to describe men who were half goat, and who were given to revelry and sexual promiscuity, and evidently, as it is described in those same books of Moses, the people were also worshiping those.
Job is an early book of the Bible. The circumstances in which it was written, the descriptions of the surrounding tribes, and the genealogy of one of its principle characters, who was named “Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram” all date the life of Job to the early Judges period. Yet in Job, Satan is indeed used with a definite article to denote a particular adversary, and not just a personal enemy of Job himself. So George Lamsa, like Charles Weisman, is also a liar. Before the time of David, and long before the Babylonian exile, Satan, demons, and earthly devils, or satyrs, were all mentioned in Scripture. Now Weisman continues with this lie and says:
But Hebrew theology changed at the Babylonian Exile:
“In pre-exilic Hebrew thought the figure of Satan was entirely unknown. The absolute monotheism of normative Hebraism affirmed that there was only one divine power, one God, and, in purposed refutation of the dominant Persian dualism of the day, that He was the creator of both light and darkness, the source of evil as well as good (Isa. 45:6-7). But to the popular Hebrew mind of that day dualism seemed to solve conveniently one of the baffling problems of existence, the problem of good and evil, and so, contrary to the tenets of official Hebraism, evolved the figure of Satan, patterned obviously after the Zoroastrian power of evil, Ahriman. Actually Satan never had any place in the theology of normative Hebraism.” [Citing An Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Vergilius Ferm and published in 1945.]
First, to believe this is to believe that our Bibles are a lie, that post-exilic Hebrew Scriptures are worthless because they adopted concepts which they borrowed from pagan nations, and that the New Testament is worthless for that same reason. So essentially, Charles Weisman is as much a Jew as the average Rabbi Shekelstein, because to him the Bible is not Scripture, it is not the Word of God, but rather it is some sort of politically manipulated ploy. No wonder Weisman dismisses or corrupts many of the words of Christ in his assault on Two-Seedline.
The recognition of a tangible Satan is not the recognition of a divine power, and the recognition of demons, something which Moses also recognized, does not necessitate any profession that demons are also divine – even if in their own use of the term, the ancient Greeks were referring to what they considered to be lesser gods. But in reality, Weisman is creating straw man arguments by which he will ultimately foist his devil-is-the-flesh heresy, thereby persuading us that we are all the same, because there is no such thing as devils in the flesh.
So his lie continues:
There also is little that can be used to support an evil, supernatural being called “Satan” in the Old Testament. The satan in Job never had any power of its own to afflict Job. Rather this satan asked God that certain things be done to him and God did them (Job 2:3-5,10). When God asked this satan where he came from, he said he came from “walking up and down” in the earth (1:7). He did not say he was “cast out of heaven,” but inferred he was some man who was simply an adversary of Job and God.
Here again Weisman is lying. In Job chapter 1, Satan had complained that God protected Job. So Satan challenged God and said “11 But put forth thine hand now, and touch all that he hath, and he will curse thee to thy face.” In response to that challenge, we read: “12 And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, all that he hath is in thy power; only upon himself put not forth thine hand. So Satan went forth from the presence of the LORD.” So the Sabeans, a formerly Semitic arab tribe immediately raided Job’s estate. Then where it says in verse 16 that “the fire of God is fallen from heaven, and hath burned up the sheep, and the servants, and consumed them”, that is only how the servant of Job himself had interpreted the event. Then in turn, the Chaldaeans raided Job’s estate. Perhaps after departing from the presence of God, Satan had gone off to hire both the Sabeans and then the Chaldaeans to do so.
Then in Job chapter 2 Satan is still vexed by Job’s righteousness, in spite of what he suffered, and Satan once again challenged God. But where God said “although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause”, we only see an admission that all things are in the hands of God in spite of the fact that this Satan was an adversary to God. So Satan challenged God again, and we read: “ 6 And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life. 7 So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. 8 And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.”
Satan, not God, had smitten Job with boils. That does not make Satan a god, but rather, even the sorcerers of Egypt could turn staffs into snakes before Moses and Aaron. Just how Job had been smitten with the boils we are not informed, but perhaps Satan hired a doctor to give Job a vaccine. What type of sorcery Satan may have used is immaterial. So Weisman tells only half the story, and he refuses to see that Satan is a permanent adversary to God and that this is an account of how Satan challenged God to test the fate of Job, and God accepted the challenge, if for no other reason than we may have this record and learn from the fate of Job.
Why did Weisman not consider that God never admonished Satan to keep his law, to love his “brother” Job and not to envy him or covet his wife or his goods? But the presence of Satan, a permanent adversary to God, a man walking to and fro on the earth, is only explained by our Two-Seedline belief, and there is much that Weisman did not consider, or he purposely avoided any such consideration.
Page 23:
It is clear from Scripture that all the evil, problems, afflictions, and troubles of a supernatural nature or origin that came upon Israel in the Old Testament were done by God, not a supernatural satan or devil. What, then, would be the need or purpose for the existence of such an entity?
Of courser, we do not claim that the devil is supernatural, but we know that the “devil” is representative of a race of people who are opposed to God. In the Revelation they are described as a race of angels, or fallen angels, who rebelled against God. While heaven is not necessarily the sky, if angels fell from heaven and in Job Satan is walking around on the earth, then that adversary is merely a representative from that race of angels. They can indeed be traced through Scripture, and we will do that as this series of presentations proceeds.
Here Weisman cites for support Isaiah 42:24; 45:7; 54:16; Jeremiah 11:11; 18:11; Proverbs 16:4; and Psalms 90:3. We will briefly review each of these Scriptures.
Isaiah 42:24 Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? did not the LORD, he against whom we have sinned? for they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient unto his law.
Isaiah 45:7 I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things.
Isaiah 54:16 Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the waster to destroy.
Jeremiah 11:11 Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon them, which they shall not be able to escape; and though they shall cry unto me, I will not hearken unto them.
Jeremiah 18:11 Now therefore go to, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you: return ye now every one from his evil way, and make your ways and your doings good.
First, none of these passages forebode supernatural affliction upon Israel, so Weisman has yet another straw man argument. Rather, they are all warning that Israel would suffer for their sins, and it was the Assyrians and Babylonians, along with some of the other surrounding nations, whom Yahweh had brought against Israel in order to effect their punishment for sin.
In reference to these five passages, Weisman does not even ask the identity of the spoilers and robbers. He uses them to try to prove that all evil comes from God, but that is not true. There is evil which God uses to effect His Will in the world, which is evil in the eyes of men, but good in the eyes of God. Going back to our example of Cyrus, Yahweh said of him “whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings”. Now to Yahweh, Cyrus’ actions would be good. But if one were a conquered Babylonian or Assyrian, would they be good then?
Likewise, Yahweh told the children of Israel to kill all of the Canaanites, to drive them out of their lands. When they failed, He said, in Numbers chapter 33: “55 But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you; then it shall come to pass, that those which ye let remain of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and shall vex you in the land wherein ye dwell.”
Where He also warned them, in Deuteronomy chapter 31, we see how they would be pricks in their eyes: “16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them.”
From that early time the Canaanites were a source of vexation to the children of Israel, however we understand that to be another manifestation of the enmity between the two seeds of Genesis 3:15, because the Canaanites are in part descended from Kenites and Rephaim, and other races which were not of Adam. In Judges chapter 3, we see a list of the places from where the children of Israel had failed to drive out the Canaanites.
So when the children of Israel sinned to the point that they were put off in punishment, Yahweh used those other races and nations to effect that punishment, and every one of these Scriptures which Weisman has cited relate to that punishment. While it is evil in the eyes of men, it is nevertheless good in the eyes of God, who said in Amos chapter 3: “2 You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.”
There is evil which is only evil in the eyes of men, as Yahweh God uses wicked men, men who have no capacity to be anything but wicked, like the Satan in Job, to punish the good people, His people, when they sin. So Weisman did not consider the nature of the robbers, or the nature of the Canaanites, or of any of the vehicles which Yahweh has employed to punish the children of Israel. The Babylonians, who were Chaldaeans, and the Assyrians certainly were created by Him. Yet Yahweh used Babylonians and Assyrians to punish the Israelites.
Some men who sin have an opportunity for repentance, and here Weisman himself cited Psalm 90 where it says: “3 Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men.” Yahweh sends men off into their apostasy, and Yahweh calls on them to repent. But the Satan of Job was never called on to repent in spite of his hatred and envy of Job. Satan never had any opportunity to be a Christian. So some men do not have an opportunity for repentance, and all they do is evil even if Yahweh uses their evil to effect His Will, and here Weisman also cited Proverbs chapter 16 where it says: “4 The LORD hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil.”
These are the same entities who are used as a scourge against the children of Israel, to correct them. He is using them as a scourge against the children of Israel today, as they are the flood which the Serpent has sent out of its mouth in order to persecute the seed of the Woman. But the wicked are never corrected. Instead, in Matthew chapter 25 we are informed that all of the so-called goat nations have their destiny in “everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels”. Then in the Revelation and in the epistles of Jude and Peter we see an entire class of people who face this same destiny. Jude and Peter both explain that these men who infiltrated Christian assemblies and corrupted them were ordained such a destiny “before of old”, but that they would be among Christian congregations taking advantage of Christians and their blessings.
Yahweh certainly did make the wicked for the day of evil. Yahweh created the “angels that left their first estate”, and Yahweh must have foreseen what they would do after their rebellion. But their rebellion is not from God, and He cannot be blamed for their sin. So there is evil in the eyes of men, and then there is true evil, which is rebellion against God that cannot be repented of, the unforgivable sin of corrupting His creation – the sin of racer-mixing. Paul explained that Esau could not inherit the blessing because he was a fornicator, a race-mixer, in Hebrews chapter 12. So in the end, they shall all be destroyed. Two-Seedline is true, and Weisman is purposely obscuring the issues in order to keep it from men.
But while Yahweh takes credit and responsibility for His Creation, He Himself cannot be blamed for their sins. He cannot be forced to accept the outcome of their sins. For that reason Paul had written in that same chapter of Hebrews that “7 If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? 8 But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons.” Chastisement is not merely suffering, but it is suffering handed down from above in order that a son be corrected. It was Yahweh’s purpose to correct Job, to allow Satan to punish Job for Job’s correction. But Satan himself was not corrected in the process, Satan was still Satan. Bastards have no opportunity for redemption. The bastard nations are all goats destined for the Lake of Fire, the same fate awaiting the devil and his angels.
Once you realize that there are two different groups of nations in the world, with different origins and destinies, there is no choice but to admit that Two-Seedline is true. Except for the Sheep and the Goats, we have not even yet discussed all the other parables and sayings of Christ which prove this, waiting to get to Weisman’s discussion of some of them.
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‹ Addressing Charles Weisman’s What About the Seedline Doctrine? Part 6, Demons, Devils and Satyrs up Addressing Charles Weisman’s What About the Seedline Doctrine? Part 8, Fallen Angels and Giants ›
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860 | Here are some tips for you to think about if you or a teammate suffers the blues as a result of ongoing economic changes or changes in your company.* First things first: it's natural to experience the blues when things change. Congratulate yourself for being human and having feelings! Such blues have a name: "anaclitic depression." Identified in 1946 by...
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Posted on 10/03/2013 01:57 am | No Comments
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861 | Japanese Kiwi artist who enjoys painting angels and dancers. Working to deliver a cake cabinet full of colours, candies for the soul and short comics to snack on. | {
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862 | If someone has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and will not listen to them when they discipline him, his father and mother shall take hold of him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his town. (Deuteronomy 21:18-19)
Women and the Image of God
In most places and in much of human history, women have faced more discrimination and hardship than men, but wherever Christianity has gone, women . Because men and women complete each other and share the image of God, we treat women with honor.
Protecting the Rights of Women (Deut. 21:10-21)
Deut. 21:10-14. Captives. The Israelites did not have the resources to maintain POW camps, so captives were distributed among the victors as workers. Take her as your wife. Unlike in other Bronze Age cultures where male captors were allowed to abuse female servants, in Israel, if a captor wanted a female POW, he had to marry her and respect her rights. Shave her head. The woman was allowed to mourn the loss of her family before marriage. Let her go. If the couple divorces, the man has to give the woman her freedom.
21:15-17. Two wives. Polygamy was not God’s ideal, but it was allowed as a means of expanding the family and protecting women. Americans marry for happiness; ancients married for survival. Bigger families had a greater chance of survival. Polygamy was a form of . Rights of the firstborn. To prevent one’s estate from being diminished by constantly dividing it between heirs, the bulk of the inheritance stayed with the firstborn male (called primogeniture). A polygamous man could not give his inheritance to a son just because he favored that boy’s mother.
21:18-21. Stubborn and rebellious son. Children owe their parents obedience and honor, and a culture that consistently dishonors its parents . Father and mother. Mothers are to be honored as well as fathers—a remarkable law in an age where women were largely invisible.
Thinking Aloud
Women in ancient Israel were generally wards of men, but one should not assume that they resented this arrangement or that it made them weak. The women of ancient Israel were .
Many OT laws about marriage sound strange to us, but they are actually legal protections for women against abuse. If we are to understand these laws, we should read them in the cultural milieu of the Bronze Age.
Jesus teaches us that many OT laws about marriage were made in concession to human weakness. God’s standard for marriage is one man and one woman committed to each another for life (Matt. 19:1-9).
Women are partners with men in the work of the Gospel. In the NT, women prophesied (Acts 21:7-9), prayed (Acts 1:14), taught (Acts 18:24- 26), hosted church (Col. 4:15), served as missionaries (Rom. 16:3), and appear to have served as deacons (Rom. 16:2).
Biblical Ways to Treat a Woman
If you are a child, (Deut. 5:16; Eph. 6:1-3).
If you are an older woman, train younger women to live by Christian virtues (Titus 2:3-5).
If you are a man, to see in women the holy image of God (1 Thess. 4:3-6).
Be considerate of women (1 Peter 3:7).
Treat women with respect (1 Peter 3:7).
Practice with women (Eph. 5:21).
Encourage women in ministry (Mark 14:6-9; Rom. 16:3-5).
Bless women and praise them (Prov. 31:28).
Love women as Christ loves the church (Eph. 5:25-29).
Recognize the beauty of men and women jointly sharing in the inheritance of God’s grace (Gen. 1:26-27; 1 Pet. 3:7; 1 Cor. 11:12; Gal. 3:28).
The OT Laws: Not as Strange as they Seem
OT laws are based on timeless precepts, but the individual statues of the OT address circumstances unique to ancient Israel.
Many OT laws presume the social system of wardship, where people submitted to others for protection and provision (see p. 43). Wardship was a necessary social system for survival in the harsh days of the Bronze Age, but for Americans wardship can be difficult to appreciate.
When compared to the laws of other Bronze Age cultures, the laws of the OT were liberating and humane. Most laws have to do with protecting the rights of others.
Christ fills full the OT law, and only in Christ can we find the precept of a law.
Many OT statutes were offered as concessions for the fallenness of humanity. This includes marriage laws. (Matt. 19:8).
Many OT laws are casuistic (“what to do if”) rather than apodictic (“moral absolutes”). Casuistic laws do not necessarily approve of actions; they only describe what to do if an action should occur.
Just because the OT relates an event from Israelite history doesn’t mean God approved of the event. Some OT stories are not intended to be role model stories.
If you find OT laws strange, consider some of the laws of the U.S. In America, federal law provides hundreds of millions of tax-payer dollars for organizations that specialize in killing babies. Whose laws are barbaric? | {
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863 | Blessed are you when people hate you, and when they exclude you, revile you, and defame you on account of the Son of Man.
Rejoice in that day and leap for joy, for surely your reward is great in heaven; for that is what their ancestors did to the prophets.
But woe to you who are rich, for you have received your consolation.
Woe to you who are full now, for you will be hungry.
Woe to you who are laughing now, for you will mourn and weep.
Woe to you when all speak well of you, for that is what their ancestors did to the false prophets.
But I say to you that listen, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you. If anyone strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also; and from anyone who takes away your coat do not withhold even your shirt. Give to everyone who begs from you; and if anyone takes away your goods, do not ask for them again. Do to others as you would have them do to you. ”
Something to Do
A Different Interpretation
Read Eugene Peterson’s interpretation of Luke’s Beatitudes and see if it shakes loose a new understanding for you.
From The Message:
You’re blessed when you’ve lost it all.
God’s kingdom is there for the finding.
You’re blessed when you’re ravenously hungry.
Then you’re ready for the Messianic meal.
You’re blessed when the tears flow freely.
Joy comes with the morning.
“Count yourself blessed every time someone cuts you down or throws you out, every time someone smears or blackens your name to discredit me. What it means is that the truth is too close for comfort and that that person is uncomfortable. You can be glad when that happens—skip like a lamb, if you like!—for even though they don’t like it, I do . . . and all heaven applauds. And know that you are in good company; my preachers and witnesses have always been treated like this.
But it’s trouble ahead if you think you have it made.
What you have is all you’ll ever get.
And it’s trouble ahead if you’re satisfied with yourself.
Your self will not satisfy you for long.
And it’s trouble ahead if you think life’s all fun and games.
There’s suffering to be met, and you’re going to meet it.
“There’s trouble ahead when you live only for the approval of others, saying what flatters them, doing what indulges them. Popularity contests are not truth contests—look how many scoundrel preachers were approved by your ancestors! Your task is to be true, not popular.
“To you who are ready for the truth, I say this: Love your enemies. Let them bring out the best in you, not the worst. When someone gives you a hard time, respond with the energies of prayer for that person. If someone slaps you in the face, stand there and take it. If someone grabs your shirt, giftwrap your best coat and make a present of it. If someone takes unfair advantage of you, use the occasion to practice the servant life. No more tit-for-tat stuff. Live generously. “Here is a simple rule of thumb for behavior: Ask yourself what you want people to do for you; then grab the initiative and do it for them!
Love your enemies
Is there anyone giving you a hard time lately? Maybe you wouldn’t call them an enemy – or maybe you would – but someone who is on your nerves or making life more difficult than it needs to be; someone who is unkind or unhelpful to you or to the world as you understand it?
How can you love them? Is there something nice you can do for them? A gesture of friendship or of cooperation? What prayer could you offer for them?
Something to Wonder
Blessings and Woes
Once again, Jesus flips things upside down from what common sense would have us believe – hunger brings joy and plenty bring suffering.
Is there a time in your life when things felt flipped upside down like this? A time when it looked like you had reason to be sad but instead were joyful or a time when it looked like you should be joyful but instead were sad? What was the situation?
You want me to do what!?
The to-do list at the end of this passage is pretty daunting – there is a lot of self-sacrifice and counter-cultural responses being asked of us.
Which of those things seem most difficult to you? Why?
Which seem most possible? Why?
Do any of those things seem simply wrong or irresponsible? If so, which and why?
Something to Learn
Turn the other cheek – perspectives on Christian pacifism
Pacifism has a long and complicated history in the Christian tradition, with many versions and many arguments for and against those various versions.
Ted Grimsrud is a Mennonite scholar and pacifist. Read his discussion of Christian Pacifism in Brief (not actually that brief) on the blog, Peace Theology.
The BBC has many resources on the subject – begin with this article on the Christianity and the ethics of war and just keep following the hyperlinks.
In a post for the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the the Southern Baptist Convestion, Joe Cook provides A brief Introduction to the just war tradition. (actually pretty brief)
Something to Pray
Holy God, we do not always understand your word or your ways.
Give us wisdom and imagination and courage as we learn and grow.
The story this week has made me wonder about…
(what questions are still on your heart?)
Receive my questions and help me hear your answers.
The story this week has filled me with…
(how are you feeling?)
Accept my praise, heal my hurt, ease my worry.
The story this week has reminded me of…
(are there situations or people you are thinking of?)
Be with all who are in need of you.
In Jesus’ name, we pray.
Amen.
October 22, 2019
A Pharisee and a tax collector walk into a temple…
The Story
October 27, 2019
20th Sunday after Pentecost
Luke 18:9-14
Jesus also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and regarded others with contempt:
“Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee, standing by himself, was praying thus, ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other people: thieves, rogues, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all my income.’ But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!’ I tell you, this man went down to his home justified rather than the other; for all who exalt themselves will be humbled, but all who humble themselves will be exalted.”
Something to Do
Be merciful to me, a sinner
The Orthodox Church has a tradition called the prayer walk. It is, quite simply, walking while praying in time with your steps. The prayer used most traditionally is called the Jesus prayer: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner. The prayer reminds us of our fallibility, our reliance on Jesus, and Jesus’ faithfulness.
Go for a prayer walk and see how it feels to use the traditional prayer. You can, of course, create your own short prayer to accompany you on your walk.
Embodying the Story
Read the story – either out loud or silently. When you read the Pharisee, hold your body the way you imagine him standing. How does this posture make you feel? If you were talking to someone (like, say, God), what would you be communicating? When have you held your body this way? Why?
When you read the tax collector, hold your body the way you imagine him standing. Beat your chest like he does. How does this posture make you feel? What are you communicating? When have you held your body this way? Why?
Something to Wonder
Look in the Mirror
An interesting question to bring to any Bible story but, perhaps, especially to parables is this: Who am I in this story? The answer you give to that question might change every time you read the story or you may find that you are persistently the same character.
Take a good look at yourself in the mirror of this parable. Are you the self-satisfied Pharisee or the tax collector desperate for God’s help? In what way?
What is it like seeing yourself in the parable?
All who exalt themselves will be humbled…
This feels like an interesting text for the week after the election we just experienced. What lessons would you draw from Jesus’ story for us as citizens? What lessons would you like to share with the various politicians that have been called to service?
Something to Learn
More about the Jesus Prayer and Prayer Walks
Orthodoxprayer.org offers a fascinating glimpse into the spiritual practices of Eastern Orthodox traditions. The whole site is worth exploring but here’s a link to a commentary on the Jesus Prayer, written by St. Theophan the Recluse, a Russian bishop who lived from 1815-1894.
For a more contemporary view, and briefer article, on the Jesus Prayer and its use in prayer walks, visit Orthodox Way of Life, a site maintained by Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral.
Something to Pray
Holy God, we do not always understand your word or your ways.
Give us wisdom and imagination and courage as we learn and grow.
The story this week has made me wonder about…
(what questions are still on your heart?)
Receive my questions and help me hear your answers.
The story this week has filled me with…
(how are you feeling?)
Accept my praise, heal my hurt, ease my worry.
The story this week has reminded me of…
(are there situations or people you are thinking of?)
Be with all who are in need of you.
In Jesus’ name, we pray.
Amen.
October 16, 2019
Read the Bible. Outloud.
The Story
October 20, 2019
19th Sunday after Pentecost
2 Timothy 3:14-4:5
But as for you, continue in what you have learned and firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it, and how from childhood you have known the sacred writings that are able to instruct you for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness,so that everyone who belongs to God may be proficient, equipped for every good work.
In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead, and in view of his appearing and his kingdom, I solemnly urge you: proclaim the message; be persistent whether the time is favourable or unfavourable; convince, rebuke, and encourage, with the utmost patience in teaching. For the time is coming when people will not put up with sound doctrine, but having itching ears, they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own desires, and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander away to myths. As for you, always be sober, endure suffering, do the work of an evangelist, carry out your ministry fully.
Gospel Reading: Luke 18:1-8
Something to Do
Proclaim the Message
Our baptismal vows include the promise to proclaim, in word and deed, the Good News of God in Christ? Fulfilling this promise requires us to know what that Good News is – and each of us will have a slightly different answer.
Whatever our answer, though, we are called to proclaim the message – not whisper or suggest or allude to the message. Proclaim it. Your challenge this week is to find a way to do that.
Bonus points if you tell someone from your church community about what you tried and how it felt!
More proclaiming…but less daunting
Choose a Bible passage you really love and proclaim it. This is more than just reading it out loud – it’s about reading it out loud because it’s important and exciting and good news. Read it in such a way that any one who hears you will be drawn to actually listen.
And again with the bonus points: commit it to memory! Something very interesting happens when you memorize even a short passage (more than a verse – it needs to have some sweep) and proclaim it from heart.
Something to Wonder
All scripture is inspired by God and is useful…
How do you react to this claim? Are there parts of scripture that make this hard to believe? If so, which ones and why? How do you explain their inclusion in the Bible?
If you happily embrace this claim, how would you explain your feelings and ideas to a fellow Christian who did not?
Be persistent
Who are the persistent evangelists who have shaped you, patiently teaching and guiding you to deeper understanding and greater faith?
Who are the persistent evangelists of our age and what is their message? Are they teaching truth or just telling stories people want to hear?
What is the message God has entrusted to you? Have you been persistent in sharing it?
Something to Learn
Biblical Storytelling
The Network of Biblical Storytellers provides resources and training in this particular art form. See some of their storytellers at work. Learn about what they do and why they do it.
3 Reasons Why the Bible is Worth it
Pete Enns is a biblical studies professor, author, and speaker. His blog is full of witty and thoughtful reflections on the nature and content of the Bible, its lack of inerrancy, and the joys that brings. This entry is particularly lovely: 3 Reasons Why the Bible is Worth It.
Something to Pray
Holy God, we do not always understand your word or your ways.
Give us wisdom and imagination and courage as we learn and grow.
The story this week has made me wonder about…
(what questions are still on your heart?)
Receive my questions and help me hear your answers.
The story this week has filled me with…
(how are you feeling?)
Accept my praise, heal my hurt, ease my worry.
The story this week has reminded me of…
(are there situations or people you are thinking of?)
Be with all who are in need of you.
In Jesus’ name, we pray.
Amen.
October 7, 2019
One Thankful Samaritan Leper
The Story
October 13, 2019
18th Sunday after Pentecost
Thanksgiving Weekend
Luke 17:11-19
On the way to Jerusalem Jesus was going through the region between Samaria and Galilee. As he entered a village, ten lepers approached him. Keeping their distance, they called out, saying, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!” When he saw them, he said to them, “Go and show yourselves to the priests.” And as they went, they were made clean. Then one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back, praising God with a loud voice. He prostrated himself at Jesus’ feet and thanked him. And he was a Samaritan. Then Jesus asked, “Were not ten made clean? But the other nine, where are they? Was none of them found to return and give praise to God except this foreigner?” Then he said to him, “Get up and go on your way; your faith has made you well.”
Something to Do
Prostrate Yourself
Prostrating yourself (lying face down on the ground) is not something we do very often. It’s a very dramatic gesture which takes some effort to execute and leaves us very vulnerable and pretty uncomfortable. It signifies an intensity of emotion and a complete self-giving, whether in service or in gratitude or in despair. In this week’s Gospel, the healed Samaritan prostrates himself before Jesus as an act of radical gratitude.
Prostration is sometimes used liturgically. In some diocese, ordinands prostrate themselves during the prayers that come right before they are ordained. In some churches, the clergy prostrate themselves at the beginning of the Good Friday service during a time of silent prayer.
I don’t think we are going to introduce prostration into our liturgy at Ascension but you could try it out during a time of private prayer (or have your kids try it out while you say a prayer of thanksgiving and/or dedication). It will probably feel silly at first but hold on for a little and see what happens. What other feelings rise within you? What does the prayer become?
Then one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back…
Sometimes, we don’t say thank you because we don’t notice the gifts we have been given. Spend some time this week taking stock of where you have experienced healing or growth. Say thank you to the people who have contributed to that gift. Say thank you to God (maybe while lying prostrate…)
Something to Wonder
Your faith has made you well
This is a familiar refrain in the Gospel healing stories but, in this story, it comes after the healing has been received which suggests that the wellness that has come through faith is about more than the physical healing.
In what ways has your faith made you well?
Ten Lepers
Imagine how the lepers felt when they saw Jesus coming into their village. They had obviously heard of him and knew he had a reputation as a powerful healer. I wonder if they were sceptical or hopeful or nervous or…
And how did they feel when all he did was tell them to go and show themselves to the priest. And when they realized that they were healed?
What do you think the 9 lepers who did not return to Jesus did?
Something to Learn
Speaking of Samaritans…
The Jewish Encyclopaedia offers a long but skimmable article on the history of the Samaritan people and their relationship with the Jews.
And CNN has a short and fascinating article on the very tiny modern Samaritan community that continues to live in Israel and Palestine today.
Something to Pray
Holy God, we do not always understand your word or your ways.
Give us wisdom and imagination and courage as we learn and grow.
The story this week has made me wonder about…
(what questions are still on your heart?)
Receive my questions and help me hear your answers.
The story this week has filled me with…
(how are you feeling?)
Accept my praise, heal my hurt, ease my worry.
The story this week has reminded me of…
(are there situations or people you are thinking of?)
Be with all who are in need of you.
In Jesus’ name, we pray.
Amen.
October 1, 2019
Faith the size of a mustard seed – the example of St. Francis
The Story
October 6, 2019
17th Sunday after Pentecost
with a celebration of St. Francis
Luke 17:5-10
The apostles said to the Lord, “Increase our faith!” The Lord replied, “If you had faith the size of a mustard seed, you could say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted and planted in the sea,’ and it would obey you. Who among you would say to your slave who has just come in from plowing or tending sheep in the field, ‘Come here at once and take your place at the table’? Would you not rather say to him, ‘Prepare supper for me, put on your apron and serve me while I eat and drink; later you may eat and drink’? Do you thank the slave for doing what was commanded? So you also, when you have done all that you were ordered to do, say, ‘We are worthless slaves; we have done only what we ought to have done!’”
Something to Do
So just how big is a mustard seed?
The grocery store can help us out with this question. Stop by the spice aisle this week and take a look at the real thing.
I bet your faith is at least that big. Imagine the things you can do!
We have done only what we ought to have done.
How often do we want praise for doing what we are supposed to do? How often do we want to make what we are supposed to do into something more complicated or mysterious than it really is?
As our observation of the Season of Creation draws to a close, make a list of things you ought to do in order to care for the world God made. Now do them.
Might it actually be that simple?
Something to Wonder
Responding to God’s Call – St Francis style
The Feast of St. Francis is on October 4th so we are going to remember his example of fearless faithfulness this Sunday. Francis heard God calling him to a new way of life that connected him deeply to creation, to people who were poor and vulnerable, and to worship…and Francis responded with a kind of wild abandon that continues to inspire us.
What do you think that kind of response feels like?
How does imagining it make you feel?
Exhilarated? Scared? Ashamed? Eager?
Can you think of other people who model this fearless faithfulness?
What do their lives look like?
What would your life look like if you embraced this kind of fearless faithfulness?
From Mustard Seeds to Worthless Slaves
Jesus seems to be rambling a little in this passage – what’s the connection between the mustard seed of faith and the slaves who just do what they ought to do and expect no thanks?
I think it might be “Just do it”. The disciples ask for Jesus to increase their faith and he seems to be telling them they have all the faith they need – since all they need is faith the size of a mustard seed. Then he wonders why they expect to be served by the one whom they are supposed to be serving instead of just getting on with what they need to do.
They have the faith they need. They have the job they need. They just need to do it.
What do you need to do?
Something to Learn
All My Relations and the Canticle of St. Francis
The Indigenous teaching of “all my relations” is the insight that all life is related to all life – and not only in a technical or mechanistic way. All of creation is connected like a family is connected. The same life force flows through all. The same love flows through all. We are all related. This insight is revealed in the language often used by Indigenous elders and teachers, naming rocks and waters and sun and moon as grandmothers and grandfathers, aunties and uncles, brothers and sisters
This teaching is not foreign to western Christian thought – although it has often been ignored or diminished. St. Francis wrote a hymn that celebrates the great family to which we belong in creation.
The Canticle of the Sun was written around 1224, in an Italian dialect, and is thought to be among the first (and maybe the very first) work of literature to be written in Italian. | {
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864 | It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).
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865 | The Cindex local community information directory gives you access to thousands of services, organisations and groups in Camden with a single search
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Centre for Justice
Centre for Justice
An independent not-for-profit organisation which resolves people's legal problems quickly and inexpensively without the need to go to court. We are based in the Archway area of Islington, and the service is offered extensively throughout Camden and all London Boroughs. The service is open to Camden residents and businesses which may have a legal dispute over housing, employment, health, social care, insurance, finance, etc. We aim to increase access to justice, and provide an effective alternative to the courts.
Contact details
Contact Name
Mr Anthony Hurndall
Contact Position
Director
Telephone
020 7263 2553
Fax: 020 7281 6929
E-mail
[email protected]
Website
www.centreforjustice.org
Address
Address
Whittington House
764-768,
Holloway Road
London
Postcode
N19 3JQ
Time / Date Details
When is it on
Mon-Fri 9.30am-6pm.
Costs
Cost(s)
A low cost service with price calculated according to means weighting. An estimate is provided to applicants on referral.
Further details
Client Group
Open to all.
Referrals Policy
By phoning or emailing the team who will guide people through the process. Our referral form is available on the website. | {
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867 | In a blog post, the web search start-up firm said that it would pay partners when “their content is used to directly answer a Neeva customer’s query”
In another break from search giant Google, which for years has faced criticism for not remunerating publishers, web search start-up Neeva said on Thursday that it would share at least 20 per cent of its sales with content partners such as Quora and Medium.
The revenue-split plan reflects a growing trend among technology companies as they face regulatory scrutiny over their outsized market power relative to content producers.
In a blog post, the web search start-up firm said that it would pay partners when “their content is used to directly answer a Neeva customer’s query”. It added to Reuters that fees would be based on “a combination of impression and unique value”.
After Sridhar Ramaswamy, Google’s former senior vice president for ads, grew disillusioned with ad-laden search results pages, the web search start-up firm was co-founded by him in the year 2019. Neeva, unlike Google, goes ad-free by charging users $5 a month. Results mostly come from Microsoft Corp’s Bing, though users also can search some personal files.
Neeva will display an in-depth excerpt and compensate the partner when subscribers’ questions are best answered by information on question-and-answer forum Quora or blog network Medium.
Quora and Medium told Reuters they would pass some revenue onto their contributors.
The web search start-up firm told Reuters that requirements to become a partner would be set as the program expands. Partner relationships will not affect ordering of results, Neeva added.
For pulling similar snippets without payment, Newspapers and reference tools have criticized Google. Google for years has said websites benefit because previews lead to visitors, who can be shown ads or upsold.
Still, Google last year, in a first-of-its-kind content licensing scheme for the company, announced $1 billion in funding for news publications.
The web search start-up firm in a blog criticized older services for long failing to support content firms.
“When creators aren’t rewarded for creating great content, they are not motivated to create it, and we all suffer”, it said.
Also read:DigiYatra: A paperless journey experience for domestic air travellers
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Chief Editor - CIO News | Founder & CEO - Mercadeo
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868 | Run rings around him in our sexiest corset yet! Asymmetric, banded and studded. This baby can be worn on it's own or dressed up in an outfit for the most stylish event.
Made from the thickest latex and lightly boned with spring steel, this corset holds its shape while still allowing maximum movement. This contemporary asymmetric banded corset may not be de rigour as far as tradition goes, it does let you have hours of dance and play time with the perfect hourglass figure.
Sizing Chart
*This garment can also be made to measure if you want custom sizing. You can find information on our Bespoke page.
Size Guide
Returns
Delivery
Ask us a question
Our stock sizes are XXS to XXXL.
4XL - 6XL by request and Made To Measure by request.
Q: If I order the wrong size can I exchange it for the correct size?
A: Yes, with the exception of panties, g-strings/thongs and bodysuits. All other items as long as the item has not been worn except to try it on we are happy to exchange it. Any damage to the item as the result of care not being taken when trying on the garment or obvious signs of wear will negate the exchange.
Q: What happens if my item is incorrect or faulty?
A: In the unlikely event that your item is different to what you ordered or you receive a faulty item please contact us either via the contact form on this page or directly to [email protected] with details of your order and what is wrong within 7 days of receiving your order. We may ask you to send us a photo or two of the fault or incorrect item for our records. If we are at fault we will happily exchange your item for the correct or non-faulty item or issue you with a store credit at our discretion. If you are within Australia we will send you a post bag to return the item in. If you are from overseas we will issue you with a store credit to the value of the postage.
Q. Where can I find your full Refunds and Returns policy?
A. The full policy can be found here.
*UPDATE - Due to the Covid-19 pandemic we are temporarily suspending international shipping. We hope to be able to fulfill the sultry dreams of our international customers again soon!* | {
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869 | Situated on the River Isar near the Bavarian Alps, Munich, the capital of Bavaria is Germany’s third-largest and one of the most beautiful cities this country has to offer. It started as a monastery and developed into a settlement that allowed monks to establish a market for trading goods. After that, the settlement continued to grow into the city that it is today. The past that the city had is still visible today, and you can witness it from Munich’s medieval walls and old gates. One of the most visited places is the historic inner city called Marienplatz, which is a large and open square and the focal point of Munich. If you are planning a vacation during the winter season, make sure to visit the world-class ski resorts near Munich.
Munich is also known for its vibrant markets, stunning churches, outstanding palaces and museums and seasonal festivals like Oktoberfest, Starkbierfest and Kocherlball. The city has over 80 art museums filled with masterpieces where you can find ancient sculptures and cutting-edge contemporary designs. Due to the many attractions and places that this city has to offer, make sure to stay at least three days, so you will have enough time to see them all.
Take a Guided Bus Tour
If you don’t have three days and you are in town for a couple of hours, you can discover the top attractions on a guided bus tour using the famous Hop-on Hop-off Express Circle Tour available 24h, or you can make your tour by taking the tram. The Express Circle Tour lasts one hour and visits the key-city-centre attractions. If you decide to take the tram, start your journey from the Central Station to the Ostbahnhof with tram No-19.
Stroll the New Town Hall
Built-in the neo-Gothic style and located in Marienplatz the New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus) is a significant attraction in Munich, so if you are a fan of architecture don’t miss the chance to visit the Neues Rathaus. The building is a one-of-a-kind work of art with spiral staircases, stained glass windows and six courtyards.
Ride The Famous Eisbach WaveThe Eisbach Wave is a human-made body of water, located in the centre of Munich. It is an exciting place where you can see people surfing and kayaking into the river, which is over a mile long. Eisbach River passes through the Englischer Garten.
Have a Picnic in the Peaceful Englischer Garten
Englischer Garten
The park begins right in the heart of Munich and covers a massive area of 370 hectares. Englischer Garten is more extensive than New York’s Central Park and features a lake, waterways and breathtaking greenery.
Ski Resorts near Munich
Located one hour and a half or less from the city centre of Munich, most of the ski resorts аrе accessible by train as well as many ski resorts throughout Europe. They also have decent snow from early November to April. Here are the two ski regions near Munich that are worth checking out.
Hit the Slopes in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
One of the most famous German Ski Resort is the renowned Garmisch-Partenkirchen. It is a beautiful place to visit even if you are not into skiing or snowboarding. There are a lot of activities to do like shopping, cross country skiing, sledging or you can sit in one of the many cafes or restaurants from where you can admire the breathtaking view. You can reach Garmisch-Partenkirchen from Munich Airport by bus, train and private airport transfer. Booking a private airport transfer is by far the best option because it will take you from the airport to your desired location. Check the price for a transfer from Munich Airport to Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
Enjoy a Beautiful Day in Kitzbühel
Kitzbühel is a family-friendly resort located in Austria that offers more than 30 ski routes and hundreds of kilometres of cross-country trails. It is one of the most charming ski resorts and the ideal place for free-riders. The ski resort is accessible from Munich Airport by train, bus and private airport transfer. See the price for a private transfer from Munich Airport to Kitzbühel. | {
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870 | The Indigenous Seed Growers Network sprouted from the pandemic, and is quickly evolving to help communities secure their own food systems for generations to come.
By Ray Levy Uyeda
November 10, 2020
Read more about
Food Justice
Health
Indigenous Foodways
Related
Growing up as a member of the Mohawk tribe, Kenny Perkins tended to his family’s garden with his siblings. They would practice traditional Mohawk gardening methods, including using fish guts as fertilizer and saving kernels from the white corn, but he didn’t know why.
“It’s a learned teaching. I was never really taught why we do things,” Perkins says. He wondered why they saved the corn silk, why some kernels were eaten and others were saved, and why they chose corncobs from specific parts of the field. Eventually, he probed his elders and peers with questions, and, now, years later, he uses what he learned as a professional seed saver and gardener working with the Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment in the Great Lakes Basin region of New York.
As a father and grandfather, Perkins is also able to teach his children and grandchildren about saving seeds—and he can respond to their questions with the answers he didn’t get growing up. He is also working with a new Indigenous seed exchange so other Native people can find the answers, too.
Within Indigenous and tribal food systems, the pandemic has prompted many to return to growing their own food. And as that interest has risen, it has also “illuminated the lack of seed at the community level,” says Rowen White, a member of the Mohawk tribe, an Indigenous seed steward, and organizer of the Regional Indigenous Seed Growers Cooperative.
In response, the cooperative, a project born out of the Native American Food Sovereignty Alliance, worked to address the growing need for seed. In the spring, the alliance led a seed drive and distributed 11,000 packets of seed to 270 different tribal communities.
Eventually, though, the need far exceeded the demand, and the seed supply ran short. That’s when White and others decided to turn to a cooperative model that would allow Native people to share information, knowledge, and traditional practices as well as seeds. Many tribes already host their own seed exchanges, but White and her colleagues felt that there was room to grow a shared, intertribal understanding of traditional seed practices.
Photo courtesy of Rowen White (pictured at right)
In recent months, the cooperative has hosted a seed census—a process not dissimilar to the U.S. Census—which involves identifying where seeds are located and how much seed supply each community has access to. The second project is a detailed seed sovereignty map of the same communities.
The cooperative is an ambitious undertaking, and getting it off the ground—hiring people to work with tribes to engage in seed saving conversations and to build an online platform for information sharing among other needs—will take time and money. Jessika Greendeer, a seed keeper, member of the Ho-Chunk Nation and farm manager at Dream of Wild Health, a Minneapolis-based Native food sovereignty organization, says that the cooperative started with monthly phone calls. The calls between growers including Greendeer and White were intended to share information and best practices about the seeds and plants they were growing.
Seedkeeper and Seed Regeneration Manager Jessika Greendeer leading a lesson on composting with youth. (Photo by Dream of Wild Health)
While the goal of the network in the early days was to “get seeds into hands of so many people,” as they move forward and expand into a cooperative model, Greendeer says that as it has grown, and they’ve begin to work toward intertribal connection, food security, and the co-creation of a system that will help propagate seeds and assist non-growers in the journey of rematriation.
White has spent years hearing from tribal communities and conducting listening sessions. In those sessions, she heard again and again that seed knowledge was held by just a few older people, and that there was not enough traditional seeds to really feed the community. In response, the cooperative has also built a seed sovereignty assessment toolkit for each community. The hope, says White, is to find out how they can “support [the tribe] and create regenerative economic development opportunities.”
Building Appreciation for Seed
The seed growers cooperative is an extension of the work White has been doing to build seed sovereignty over the past two decades. As a 17-year-old, she interned on a farm in Massachusetts, where she fell in love with and developed a sense of gratitude for the seeds.
Both White’s grandparents and great grandparents tended to their own farms—but disease, genocide, boarding schools, forced relocation, and the legacies of each pushed them away from land.
This displacement wasn’t an accident, it was an intentional effort on the part of colonizers who wanted the land for themselves, says White. “The impacts of colonization, acculturation, and relocation have deeply impacted our ability to be on the land.” She hopes that the seed cooperative will help “revive ancestral knowledge” and begin to repair some of the trauma associated with that forced disconnect. There’s a coevolution of humans and seeds, White adds, and the two are “intimately intertwined and change one another. [There’s a] cultural memory that surrounds these seeds.”
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Photo courtesy of Rowen White.
White grew up with the Mohawk creation story, which tells of a woman falling from the sky world to the ocean and bringing seeds with her to start a new world. She says there was an agreement between her ancestors and plants to co-evolve. “We would give up a little of our wildness and the plants would give up a little of their wildness,” White says. “We’re direct lineal descendants from the food that we eat.”
For that reasons, White explains, “We actually have to care for them as though they’re our relatives.” In reviving that relationship, White finds herself reflecting on the fact that—despite colonization, industrial agriculture, and genocide—“the seeds never gave up on their side of the agreement.”
And yet, she adds, “Many of us have forgotten to uphold our agreement to take care of the seeds.” In addition to building seed capacity across the nation and sharing knowledge, she says one of the most important aspects of the work is to ground oneself in the recognition that, “all of us eat because of the generosity of a seed. Part of this is remembering that we can’t abdicate that relationship to multinational corporations or to industry, monoculture, [or] corporate ag.”
Building Communal Capacity
Some seeds are easier to harvest than others, and growers know that they will have to eat fewer plants in order to save their seeds. This is knowledge that Greendeer didn’t have access to five years ago. Now, as a partner in the Seed Growers Cooperative and close friend of White’s, Greendeer says that harvesting seeds is a “balance of art and science together.”
Through her work at Dream of Wild Health, Greendeer has taught other Native growers how to observe and tend to each plant. To harvest lettuce seeds, for instance, a grower intentionally lets the plant produce flowers by keeping it in the ground past the point when you’d want to eat it. Green beans are different, Greendeer explains, you can wait for some beans on the plant to “dry down” and “still have plenty for eating.”
Saving the seeds for corn is a different process, says Rebecca Webster, a seed saver and farmer who lives on the Oneida Nation in Wisconsin. Webster says that when saving white corn, she looks for certain ideal characteristics such as where the seed sits, whether the cob is free of dents and dimples, and whether the cob has loose husks, before choosing to save it for seed.
Harvesting corn with youth on July 25, 2020. (Photo by Dream of Wild Health)
The whole process takes a few months. “We cut off the knobby ends and we braid the cobs, and then we hang them up in the barn to dry,” Webster says. Once they’re dry, they remove some kernels to test in a moisture meter to ensure that they’re properly dried out. Then they remove the kernels from the middle of the cob—those will be the healthiest seeds to grow a new crop with.
Greendeer says by the end of 2020 she hopes to launch the seed census. Greendeer and White want to know what different communities are growing, and whether they already have active seed saving programs or would need to start one from scratch. So far, they have about 20 seed census takers signed up, ranging in age from 19 to 64.
The information will allow the cooperative to take stock, redistribute seeds, and ultimately protect the seed that’s out there. “Instead of one person growing a variety, we’ve got five people growing it and that’s just to help protect the seed,” says Greendeer. If it’s sitting in a jar on somebody’s shelf, on the other hand, it could get too old and fail to germinate when it’s planted. “It needs to be in the hands of many people for it to continue to just keep getting stronger and more resilient every year.”
A cooperative can also help communities adapt to contemporary conditions, such as the warming climate and more extreme weather, as well as some tribes’ lack of land, arable soil, or irrigation. White says that due to “significant land loss, we have to adapt these old traditions to new circumstances.”
The Indigenous Seed Growers Network has already modeled the kind of workshops the cooperative will scale up in the coming months, and White says that they’re in the process of fundraising to provide stipends to young farmers, interns who can package seeds, and pay for seed cleaning equipment such as screens and fanning mills.
Seed Sovereignty Heals Trauma
Seeds themselves may have survived their own trauma, says Elana Terry, a Ho-chunk chef based in Wisconsin. Terry recently received a bean in the mail from a seed steward in the Appalachian mountains that can be traced to the Ho-chunk from the early 1800s. “It was grown by Ho-chunks, then we were moved and that seed traveled with us during the move,” says Terry. The seeds were planted in their new home for generations before making it back to their original tribal lands. “After all this time, the seeds rematriated themselves home,” she says.
Greendeer holds a similar perspective. She says her work with seeds has pushed her to reflect on how she, as a grower, gets to witness the lifecycle of small yet powerful seeds. “That’s their sole purpose in life: to sacrifice themselves. To not only be food for humans and wildlife but also to reproduce again. And what’s so beautiful about [seed-saving] work is that you get to be a part of that.”
White says seed stewardship allows to connect with her identity as an Indigenous woman and mother more deeply. It also inspires her to ask, “What does it mean to be a good ancestor . . . and a responsible descendant at the same time?”
Top photo courtesy of Rowen White.
Ray Levy-Uyeda is a freelance writer living in the San Francisco Bay Area. Her work has appeared in Mic, Teen Vogue, and elsewhere. Read more >
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Hope Lynn Flanagan
November 10, 2020
What a beautiful and vital perspective!
Reply
Cindy sharp
November 10, 2020
I 'm saving seeds in my garden in Ojai California... I'd love to be a part of the seed saving sensus... i have some native S. American corn seeds I grew this year... multi colored!
Reply
Keith Rabin
March 23, 2021
Great story. I love that this is being brought out more to all nations and generations.
I was told stories of the elders, who kept watch over caves that held seeds for the coming times.
This was back in the early 70’s .
It was the reign of terror times, when blood was left on the Rez and my bond began with the land and the sacred.
I teach regenerative organic farming and gardening in Hot Springs. I grow on my farm, other than my organic food crops ( all of which are donated to food banks in South Dakota),
I grow the sacred plants . I grow traditional sweetgrass from genetics that were found near a long ago trading post near the border of Colorado and Wyoming . Also a traditional tobacco strain from an area near where the Lakota spent time in Canada,
And heirloom Lakota Squash.
Also bear root and other traditional crops . I had a great harvest of seed last year from my bear root plants and have bear root drying most of the year.
Also Prairie Sage Seed and bundles.
I offer them at no charge as I was taught.
The sweetgrass seed is almost always sterile so I can send barefoot plants, and I’ve sent plants all over the world, and always have braids to share.
All Available to any tribal seed saving program.
Mitakuye Oyasin
Toksha ( doksha )
Keith Rabin
Reply
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871 | You know when grown-ups tell you ‘everything’s going to be fine’ and you think they’re probably lying to make you feel better? Annihilate? No. No violence. I won’t stand for it. Not now, not ever, do you understand me?! I’m the Doctor, the Oncoming Storm – and you basically meant beat them in a football match, didn’t you?
Meeting With New Neighbours
Nature October 5, 2015
Model with flower
fashion Portrait
Life
Danger series of photos
Portrait
camera by the seaside
You know when grown-ups tell you ‘everything’s going to be fine’ and you think they’re probably lying to make you feel better? Annihilate? No. No violence. I won’t stand for it. Not now, not ever, do you understand me?! I’m the Doctor, the Oncoming Storm – and you basically meant beat them in a football match, didn’t you?
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872 | Specialty work begun during Claire's Fall 2018 Residency at the Tacoma Museum of Glass. Exploring soft forms in motion with large scale cane patterning applied to the surface.
15 x 9¼ x 6½ inches.
Glass: Blown and sculpted
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Each piece presents a story about the fragility and conservation of these intimate kingdoms as well as subtly conveys their role in a grander scheme. | {
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873 | Opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the editors, the Claremont Institute, or its board of directors. Nothing in this journal, whether in print or pixels, is an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill or influence the election of any candidate.
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875 | We learnt a lot about how humans damage the world, where we get power from and how we can help save the planet.
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876 | Title: UC-21-0539-APACHE 3, LLC: USE PERMITS for the following: 1) on-premises consumption of alcohol (supper club); 2) reduced separation; and 3) a hookah lounge. DESIGN REVIEW for a proposed outside dining and drinking area in conjunction with a proposed supper club in an existing shopping center on a portion of 4.0 acres in a C-1 (Local Business) Zone and a C-2 (General Commercial) Zone. Generally located on the south side of Reno Avenue and the west side of Fort Apache Road within Spring Valley. JJ/nr/jo (For possible action)
Attachments: 1. UC-21-0539_Color_Merged, 2. 11 21-0539-111621.pdf
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11/16/2021 Clark County Planning Commission Not available Meeting details Not available
UC-21-0539-APACHE 3, LLC:
USE PERMITS for the following: 1) on-premises consumption of alcohol (supper club); 2) reduced separation; and 3) a hookah lounge.
DESIGN REVIEW for a proposed outside dining and drinking area in conjunction with a proposed supper club in an existing shopping center on a portion of 4.0 acres in a C-1 (Local Business) Zone and a C-2 (General Commercial) Zone.
Generally located on the south side of Reno Avenue and the west side of Fort Apache Road within Spring Valley. JJ/nr/jo (For possible action) | {
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877 | Clark-Construction-loom-house-031 | Clark Construction Inc. | We're building something amazing... | Bainbridge Island | Seattle
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Clark Construction Inc. headquartered on Bainbridge Island is one of the Puget Sound region’s premier construction firms. Our team of highly skilled construction professionals brings experience in an impressive range of projects, both commercial and residential. An employee-owned company, we are committed to building exceptional structures that reflect fine craftsmanship, superior attention to detail, outstanding value, and customer satisfaction that exceeds the expectations of every valued client. | {
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878 | Clean Chaos is designed to share green living tips and resources, to help families have a safe, healthy and eco-friendly home.
Over recent years, I have begun taking small steps toward a healthier home & family by reducing the use of toxic chemicals, cooking more homemade meals and shopping smarter.
Let’s be real.
If you walked in my home right now, you wouldn’t see a perfectly pristine, dust-free, something-fermenting-on-the-counter environment.
And that’s ok, and I won’t feel guilty for it.
But I am willing to try new experiences and see what makes a good fit for my family.
As a Norwex Independent Consultant, I share in the company’s mission to improve quality of life by radically reducing chemicals in the home.
One less junky snack.
One less paper towel.
One less plastic water bottle.
It’s these small steps that can make a big impact, and when you have chaos in your life – from kids, pets, a crazy work schedule, not enough sleep and anything else life throws your way … you can feel a little bliss from knowing these small steps help your home to be a safer, cleaner environment. | {
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879 | On May 6, 2019, twelve prisoners at the Red Onion and Wallens Ridge supermax prisons, who had each been in solitary confinement for between two and twenty-three years, filed this putative class-action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The plaintiffs sued the ... read more >
On May 6, 2019, twelve prisoners at the Red Onion and Wallens Ridge supermax prisons, who had each been in solitary confinement for between two and twenty-three years, filed this putative class-action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The plaintiffs sued the Virginia Department of Corrections (VDOC) and the wardens of both Red Onion and Wallens Ridge under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The plaintiffs - represented by private counsel and the ACLU of Virginia - sought declaratory and injunctive relief in addition to damages. The plaintiffs claimed breach of an earlier settlement agreement and violations of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses, the Eighth Amendment, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The plaintiff alleged that VDOC implemented a renamed version of the “Phase Program,” which was supposedly shut down in an earlier settlement, that “warehoused” prisoners in solitary confinement without any opportunity to re-enter general population conditions.
The earlier settlement had ended the "Phase Program" at the Mecklenburg Correctional Center. A class action lawsuit, Brown v. Hutto, was filed in 1981, alleging inhumane conditions and constitutional violations by VDOC. A VDOC investigation revealed that Mecklenburg could not fill its solitary confinement beds with its own prisoners. Instead, the prison had solicited other prisons to refer their prisoners for solitary confinement at Mecklenburg. Unlike the Special Management Unit, which housed prisoners unlikely to be reintroduced to the general population, the "Phase Program" track was designed to allow solitary confinement prisoners to reenter the general population by earning "privileges" for good behavior. But in practice, prisoners were very rarely phased down and prison staff could revoke privileges without oversight or appeals. The parties settled the case in 1985, with VDOC agreeing to end the Phase Program and to not start a similar program in the future.
In this case, the Red Onion and Wallens Ridge prisoners alleged that the Step-Down Program was used to keep prisoners in solitary confinement in order to utilize solitary confinement space and justify the high cost of keeping both supermax prisons open. This program was alleged to be a new version of the Phase Program used at the since-demolished Mecklenburg facility. The prisoners alleged that staff at each facility were not trained or knowledgeable about the specific requirements of the Step-Down Program, leading them to keep prisoners in solitary confinement despite evidence that they should be stepped down to the general population. These decisions were not subject to meaningful review, and the review process was not appealable. The prisoners alleged this program caused significant mental and physiological harm to each of them and was implemented without any scientific basis.
On May 31, 2019, VDOC filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. On June 14, 2019, the remaining defendants also filed a motion to dismiss. Both motions alleged that the plaintiffs failed to state a claim and that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the case. As of October 2, 2019, District Judge Robert E. Payne has not issued a decision on either of these motions. The case is ongoing.
A documentary about the solitary confinement conditions of Red Onion can be found here.
Olivia Wheeling - 10/02/2019
compress summary
- click to show/hide ALL -
Issues and Causes of Action
click to show/hide detail
Issues
Constitutional Clause
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Due Process
Equal Protection
Defendant-type
Corrections
Disability
Mental impairment
General
Administrative segregation
Conditions of confinement
Disciplinary segregation
Grievance Procedures
Protective custody
Rehabilitation
Solitary confinement/Supermax (conditions or process)
Medical/Mental Health
Mental health care, general
Plaintiff Type
Private Plaintiff
Type of Facility
Government-run
Causes of Action 42 U.S.C. § 1983
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12111 et seq.
Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)
Section 504 (Rehabilitation Act), 29 U.S.C. § 701
Case Details
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Defendant(s) Virginia Department of Corrections
Warden
Warden
Plaintiff Description Twelve prisoners at the Red Onion and Wallens Ridge facilities who have each been held in solitary confinement for at least two years.
Indexed Lawyer Organizations ACLU Affiliates (any)
Class action status sought Yes
Class action status outcome Pending
Filed Pro Se No
Prevailing Party None Yet / None
Public Int. Lawyer Yes
Nature of Relief None yet
Source of Relief None yet
Filed 05/06/2019
Case Ongoing Yes
Related Cases
click to show/hide detail
Case Listing PC-VA-0001 : Brown v. Hutto (E.D. Va.)
Additional Resources
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883 | The purpose of this study is to examine ways to decrease the disability associated with migraine attacks. We are looking to enroll patients with smartphones who have been diagnosed with migraine, a headache disorder that typically has moderate to severe painful attacks. This study will last 6 months. For the first three months, you will be asked to use the "RELAXaHEAD" application to track on a daily basis your headaches and associate symptoms as well as your medications. The relaxation therapy you will be doing is called Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy. You will be randomly assigned to the 'relaxation'group or the 'control group.' You will receive follow up calls within one weel and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 motnhs. Volunteers will also be asked to complete some volunteers that will be returned via email at 3 and 6 months.
Clinical Study Identifier: s17-00525
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03183791
Principal Investigator: Mia T. Minen.
Other Investigators: Valeriya Levitan, Audrey Halpern.
If you are registered as a volunteer, please log in to contact the study team/express interest in this study.
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Recruitment Status
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By clicking "Contact Research Team", your contact information will be sent securely to the research staff associated with the study. You will also receive a copy of this email in your inbox, as well as other notifications to determine your participation status in the study. | {
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884 | One extremely effective way to get your message in front of customers at just the exact moment they are looking for you is through PPC marketing. The reason is the high amount of intent as potential customers actively search using keywords for the types of services or products you offer. Persuasive ad copy with a strong call to action drives potential customers to your website.
Display Network
The Display Network offers the ability to place advertisements alongside content that is relevant to the services or products you offer and can be a match made in heaven when managed properly. Additional targeting options on the Display Network allows us to laser target your audience. This advertising can be accomplished through banner, text and video ads.
Remarketing
Re-engaging with people who have visited your website to keep your brand front and center. Remarketing strategies can be implemented for campaigns such as:
Re-engage with people who have previously visited your website to encourage them to complete the checkout or contact process.
Re-engage with existing client to make a repeat purchase.
Keep your brand visible to your customers.
Expand your reach through utilizing Similar Audiences. Google’s artificial intelligence analyzes your current website visitors online behavior and interests and builds lists of people who share these traits.
YouTube Ads
Video advertising is extremely compelling. YouTube offers a variety of ad formats and targeting options to place your ads in-front of high-quality prospects across YouTube and the Display Network.
Google Shopping
Google Shopping is a perfect place to showcase products for sale. A well-constructed merchant center feed combined with a highly optimized campaign can place your products in front of your customers at just the moments they are looking for them.
Not sure where to start? If you have an existing paid search account let us provide you with a free audit and identify missed opportunities.
Let us provide you with a free audit of your current marketing strategy and implementation to identify areas for improvement, missed opportunities and lower than optimal return on investment. 19 years managing Paid Search account has given us the ability to efficiently audit and provide findings and recommendations that will improve your performance. Contact us Today. | {
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885 | Character illustration of Karroch the Beastmaster for the game Artifact. Character design was based on pre-existing game model. | {
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886 | Clipacode.com offers discount deals for all shopping events across the year. Our offers include online and in-store coupons, promo codes, BOGO offers, clearance and sale promotions, free gifts and more.
Company Info
Blog
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Contact ClipACode
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Frequently Asked Questions
How To Use Coupon Code?
Search for your favorite shop by typing it's name in search bar. Go to shop page and click your favorite offer.
Can I Use Two Coupons?
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I Can't Find Store or Coupon On Clipacode
Write a post on Facebbok or Twitter and use hashtag #Clipacode along with product model and price. We will find a discount deal for you. | {
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887 | Enter the username or e-mail you used in your profile. A password reset link will be sent to you by email. | {
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888 | Don't be afraid to edit! Just find something that can be improved and make it better. Other editors will help fix any mistakes you make.
It's normal to feel a little overwhelmed, but don't worry if you don't understand everything at first — it's fine to edit using common sense. If you have any questions, just ask a more experienced editor on their talk page or message board.
If an edit you make is reverted, don't edit-war over it, discuss it on the article's talk page
Just have fun!
Happy editing!
-- New user message (talk) 13:44, 13 September 2021 (UTC)[reply]
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889 | A portrait of renowned percussionist Milford Graves, exploring his kaleidoscopic creativity and relentless curiosity. The film draws the viewer through the artist's lush garden and ornate home, into the martial arts dojo in...
Read more
A portrait of renowned percussionist Milford Graves, exploring his kaleidoscopic creativity and relentless curiosity. The film draws the viewer through the artist's lush garden and ornate home, into the martial arts dojo in his backyard and the laboratory in his basement - all of this just blocks from where he grew up in the housing projects of South Jamaica, Queens.
Graves tells stories of discovery, struggle and survival, ruminates on the essence of 'swing', activates electronic stethoscopes in his basement lab to process the sound of his heart, and travels to Japan where he performs at a school for children with autism, igniting the student body into an ecstatic display of spontaneous collective energy.
Official Selection at the SXSW Film Festival.
"You can get a lot of facts about Mr. Graves and his discography on the internet (and I recommend you do). This movie gives you, well, the man's heart, and it's a beautiful one." - Glenn Kenny, The New York Times | {
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890 | Like the other traditions I’ve been sharing on the site this month, Swedish Glogg — with its pungent, fruity, spicy smell — has always been an integral Christmas drink for my family. My parents had their own division of labor as they balanced four kids and their entertaining (my mother has always held a sit down dinner for 40 the weekend before Christmas… intimidating, I know!). Whereas my mom handled the cards, baking, and gift purchasing, my dad handled lights, some last minute gift wrapping with generous amounts of tape, and Swedish Glogg. My dad is not a recipe kind of guy. He threw in jugs of cheap red wine, cardamon, raisins, orange peel and a dose of who knows what else and it all just sort of worked out… Glogg was pretty much his secret brew and it was delicious.
What Christmas tradition did you experience as a child that you now celebrate in your own home? Comment to win a great prize!
My house, a bit different. My husband Marc follows recipes to the capital “T” and doesn’t leave anything up for grabs. So at my urging that he assume this responsibility, he found our family’s recipe online a few years back and has followed it precisely year after year, now venturing into a bit of personalization as they say…
That original recipe has evolved over time into Marc’s special brew. The original recipe appeared in the Chicago Tribune back in 1979 and was written by Craig Goldwyn.
Note to parents, glogg is not something to do with the kids because of the flaming brandy — unless they are a ways away.
Good luck and feel free to comment below with your questions for Marc (hope you don’t mind, honey).
Swedish Glogg Recipe (Makes about 2 gallons)
3 liters inexpensive dry red wine (go for cheap, bottled wine like Gallo)
3 liters inexpensive American port
2 bottles of inexpensive brandy ** can be flamed, see below **
12 cinnamon sticks
2 Tablespoons cardamom (whole) seeds
4 dozen whole cloves
Peel of three oranges
1 1/2 cups raisins
2 cups blanched almonds
4 cups sugar
Directions:
Pour the red wine and port into a stainless steel or porcelain kettle. Add cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, orange peel, raisins, and almonds. Warm gently, DO NOT BOIL.
Put the sugar in a pan and soak it with one bottle of brandy. Warm slowly over a low flame. You can FLAME this which makes it especially delicious by heating until very hot and lighting with a lit match. Make sure no one is afoot and nothing resides over the stove-top!!
Once the sugar and brandy have been caramelized, add to spiced wine mix, and cover. Then, leave on low heat for at least two hours — you can leave on for as long as 4-5 hours if you like and it will only get better.
I would recommend making this the day before your first holiday party, and then reheating on low two hours beforehand. The glogg will be even sweeter and more flavorful as the holiday season goes on, and you can keep this on your stove-top until it’s done!
Serve in mugs or small glass eggnog cups as soon as your guests arrive in from the outside. Your whole home will be warmed by this wonderful, historic Swedish drink.
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NonnaHalcomb
9 years
We love to go caroling on Christmas Eve, then come back to the house for mulled cider, hot chocolate & Christmas cookies.
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Karen Medlin
9 years
Have to have granny’s fruit cake and a box of chocolate cherries for each child
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sharon
9 years
For Chanukah my mom always made her own amazing yummy latkes. I make them just like her minus the hand grating of the potatoes….there is a little gadget called a food processor for shredding. But my mom doesn’t believe in that. She still grates her potatoes by hand every year.
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Melissa Lawrence
9 years
Sharon, sometimes those are the little efforts that really make it so delicious!
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Kathy
9 years
I wanted to laugh out loud when I saw your post…have you ever set anything a flame??
I have too many times..and not on purpose.I have burnt my eyebrows twice while grilling.
Anyway, We always opened up a Christmas present on Christmas Eve and we do that with our kids every year. It is so hard for them to pick which one to open.
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Melissa Lawrence
9 years
My husband flames the glogg and I stand back scared! I barely have eyebrows so thank God I didn’t burn them — nice tradition — Merry Christmas Kathy!
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contactdesign
9 years
Before Christmas, my mom would dress in a white robe with a red sash and a head-wreath with candles and sing the Santa Lucia, a traditional Swedish holiday song. Then she would pass out home-baked cookies to all. We did this at home and also to friends and neighbors.
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Melissa Lawrence
9 years
That’s what we did — we did Santa Lucia every year!
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Shelley
9 years
I guess if this is a tradition. we always would get together with my cousins and grandparents for Christmas and I always looked forward to it. I would help my grandmother Christmas morning fix breakfast and always looked forward to it. With my children we save a special day to gather with our famiy to celebrate with each other
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Melissa Lawrence
9 years
Shelley, that certainly counts as a lovely tradition in my book! Happy holidays and thanks for commenting! We’ll be picking our winner soon.
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Janice
9 years
We always watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade as a family!
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Melissa Lawrence
9 years
The winner of this giveaway is Shelley — thank you all for commenting! Cheers and Happy New Year to all. | {
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891 | The perfect place for beach & town living. Frontline project with superb sea views & spacious properties.
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Estepona
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Properties at Darya Estepona are selling fast!
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The perfect combination of beach and town living! Exquisite and spacious apartments overlooking the promenade and beaches of Estepona. The project is superbly situated within a stone´s thrown of the sea, and within an easy walk of the old town of Estepona and its lovely yacht harbour. Features of the project include rooftop infinity swimming pool, sun terrace and gym, while apartments feature air conditioning, home automation, private parking an storage room.
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1.266.000€ | Ref: C9PR2977478
The perfect combination of beach and town living! Exquisite and spacious apartments overlooking the promenade and beaches of Estepona. The project is superbly situated within a stone´s thrown of the sea, and within an easy walk of the old town of Estepona and its lovely yacht harbour. Features of the project include rooftop infinity swimming pool, sun terrace and gym, while apartments feature air conditioning, home automation, private parking an storage room.
4 4 202 m² 0 m²
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1.980.000€ | Ref: C9PR2977484
The perfect combination of beach and town living! Exquisite and spacious apartments overlooking the promenade and beaches of Estepona. The project is superbly situated within a stone´s thrown of the sea, and within an easy walk of the old town of Estepona and its lovely yacht harbour. Features of the project include rooftop infinity swimming pool, sun terrace and gym, while apartments feature air conditioning, home automation, private parking an storage room. | {
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Unless you are a board administrator or moderator, you can only edit or delete your own posts. You can edit a post by clicking the edit button for the relevant post, sometimes for only a limited time after the post was made. If someone has already replied to the post, you will find a small piece of text output below the post when you return to the topic which lists the number of times you edited it along with the date and time. This will only appear if someone has made a reply; it will not appear if a moderator or administrator edited the post, though they may leave a note as to why they’ve edited the post at their own discretion. Please note that normal users cannot delete a post once someone has replied.
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How do I add a signature to my post?
To add a signature to a post you must first create one via your User Control Panel. Once created, you can check the Attach a signature box on the posting form to add your signature. You can also add a signature by default to all your posts by checking the appropriate radio button in the User Control Panel. If you do so, you can still prevent a signature being added to individual posts by un-checking the add signature box within the posting form.
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How do I create a poll?
When posting a new topic or editing the first post of a topic, click the “Poll creation” tab below the main posting form; if you cannot see this, you do not have appropriate permissions to create polls. Enter a title and at least two options in the appropriate fields, making sure each option is on a separate line in the textarea. You can also set the number of options users may select during voting under “Options per user”, a time limit in days for the poll (0 for infinite duration) and lastly the option to allow users to amend their votes.
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Why can’t I add more poll options?
The limit for poll options is set by the board administrator. If you feel you need to add more options to your poll than the allowed amount, contact the board administrator.
Top
How do I edit or delete a poll?
As with posts, polls can only be edited by the original poster, a moderator or an administrator. To edit a poll, click to edit the first post in the topic; this always has the poll associated with it. If no one has cast a vote, users can delete the poll or edit any poll option. However, if members have already placed votes, only moderators or administrators can edit or delete it. This prevents the poll’s options from being changed mid-way through a poll.
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Why can’t I access a forum?
Some forums may be limited to certain users or groups. To view, read, post or perform another action you may need special permissions. Contact a moderator or board administrator to grant you access.
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Why can’t I add attachments?
Attachment permissions are granted on a per forum, per group, or per user basis. The board administrator may not have allowed attachments to be added for the specific forum you are posting in, or perhaps only certain groups can post attachments. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you are unable to add attachments.
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Why did I receive a warning?
Each board administrator has their own set of rules for their site. If you have broken a rule, you may be issued a warning. Please note that this is the board administrator’s decision, and the phpBB Limited has nothing to do with the warnings on the given site. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you were issued a warning.
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How can I report posts to a moderator?
If the board administrator has allowed it, you should see a button for reporting posts next to the post you wish to report. Clicking this will walk you through the steps necessary to report the post.
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What is the “Save” button for in topic posting?
This allows you to save drafts to be completed and submitted at a later date. To reload a saved draft, visit the User Control Panel.
Top
Why does my post need to be approved?
The board administrator may have decided that posts in the forum you are posting to require review before submission. It is also possible that the administrator has placed you in a group of users whose posts require review before submission. Please contact the board administrator for further details.
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How do I bump my topic?
By clicking the “Bump topic” link when you are viewing it, you can “bump” the topic to the top of the forum on the first page. However, if you do not see this, then topic bumping may be disabled or the time allowance between bumps has not yet been reached. It is also possible to bump the topic simply by replying to it, however, be sure to follow the board rules when doing so.
Top
Formatting and Topic Types
What is BBCode?
BBCode is a special implementation of HTML, offering great formatting control on particular objects in a post. The use of BBCode is granted by the administrator, but it can also be disabled on a per post basis from the posting form. BBCode itself is similar in style to HTML, but tags are enclosed in square brackets [ and ] rather than < and >. For more information on BBCode see the guide which can be accessed from the posting page.
Top
Can I use HTML?
No. It is not possible to post HTML on this board and have it rendered as HTML. Most formatting which can be carried out using HTML can be applied using BBCode instead.
Top
What are Smilies?
Smilies, or Emoticons, are small images which can be used to express a feeling using a short code, e.g. :) denotes happy, while :( denotes sad. The full list of emoticons can be seen in the posting form. Try not to overuse smilies, however, as they can quickly render a post unreadable and a moderator may edit them out or remove the post altogether. The board administrator may also have set a limit to the number of smilies you may use within a post.
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Can I post images?
Yes, images can be shown in your posts. If the administrator has allowed attachments, you may be able to upload the image to the board. Otherwise, you must link to an image stored on a publicly accessible web server, e.g. http://www.example.com/my-picture.gif. You cannot link to pictures stored on your own PC (unless it is a publicly accessible server) nor images stored behind authentication mechanisms, e.g. hotmail or yahoo mailboxes, password protected sites, etc. To display the image use the BBCode [img] tag.
Top
What are global announcements?
Global announcements contain important information and you should read them whenever possible. They will appear at the top of every forum and within your User Control Panel. Global announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator.
Top
What are announcements?
Announcements often contain important information for the forum you are currently reading and you should read them whenever possible. Announcements appear at the top of every page in the forum to which they are posted. As with global announcements, announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator.
Top
What are sticky topics?
Sticky topics within the forum appear below announcements and only on the first page. They are often quite important so you should read them whenever possible. As with announcements and global announcements, sticky topic permissions are granted by the board administrator.
Top
What are locked topics?
Locked topics are topics where users can no longer reply and any poll it contained was automatically ended. Topics may be locked for many reasons and were set this way by either the forum moderator or board administrator. You may also be able to lock your own topics depending on the permissions you are granted by the board administrator.
Top
What are topic icons?
Topic icons are author chosen images associated with posts to indicate their content. The ability to use topic icons depends on the permissions set by the board administrator.
Top
User Levels and Groups
What are Administrators?
Administrators are members assigned with the highest level of control over the entire board. These members can control all facets of board operation, including setting permissions, banning users, creating usergroups or moderators, etc., dependent upon the board founder and what permissions he or she has given the other administrators. They may also have full moderator capabilities in all forums, depending on the settings put forth by the board founder.
Top
What are Moderators?
Moderators are individuals (or groups of individuals) who look after the forums from day to day. They have the authority to edit or delete posts and lock, unlock, move, delete and split topics in the forum they moderate. Generally, moderators are present to prevent users from going off-topic or posting abusive or offensive material.
Top
What are usergroups?
Usergroups are groups of users that divide the community into manageable sections board administrators can work with. Each user can belong to several groups and each group can be assigned individual permissions. This provides an easy way for administrators to change permissions for many users at once, such as changing moderator permissions or granting users access to a private forum.
Top
Where are the usergroups and how do I join one?
You can view all usergroups via the “Usergroups” link within your User Control Panel. If you would like to join one, proceed by clicking the appropriate button. Not all groups have open access, however. Some may require approval to join, some may be closed and some may even have hidden memberships. If the group is open, you can join it by clicking the appropriate button. If a group requires approval to join you may request to join by clicking the appropriate button. The user group leader will need to approve your request and may ask why you want to join the group. Please do not harass a group leader if they reject your request; they will have their reasons.
Top
How do I become a usergroup leader?
A usergroup leader is usually assigned when usergroups are initially created by a board administrator. If you are interested in creating a usergroup, your first point of contact should be an administrator; try sending a private message.
Top
Why do some usergroups appear in a different colour?
It is possible for the board administrator to assign a colour to the members of a usergroup to make it easy to identify the members of this group.
Top
What is a “Default usergroup”?
If you are a member of more than one usergroup, your default is used to determine which group colour and group rank should be shown for you by default. The board administrator may grant you permission to change your default usergroup via your User Control Panel.
Top
What is “The team” link?
This page provides you with a list of board staff, including board administrators and moderators and other details such as the forums they moderate.
Top
Private Messaging
I cannot send private messages!
There are three reasons for this; you are not registered and/or not logged on, the board administrator has disabled private messaging for the entire board, or the board administrator has prevented you from sending messages. Contact a board administrator for more information.
Top
I keep getting unwanted private messages!
You can automatically delete private messages from a user by using message rules within your User Control Panel. If you are receiving abusive private messages from a particular user, report the messages to the moderators; they have the power to prevent a user from sending private messages.
Top
I have received a spamming or abusive email from someone on this board!
We are sorry to hear that. The email form feature of this board includes safeguards to try and track users who send such posts, so email the board administrator with a full copy of the email you received. It is very important that this includes the headers that contain the details of the user that sent the email. The board administrator can then take action.
Top
Friends and Foes
What are my Friends and Foes lists?
You can use these lists to organise other members of the board. Members added to your friends list will be listed within your User Control Panel for quick access to see their online status and to send them private messages. Subject to template support, posts from these users may also be highlighted. If you add a user to your foes list, any posts they make will be hidden by default.
Top
How can I add / remove users to my Friends or Foes list?
You can add users to your list in two ways. Within each user’s profile, there is a link to add them to either your Friend or Foe list. Alternatively, from your User Control Panel, you can directly add users by entering their member name. You may also remove users from your list using the same page.
Top
Searching the Forums
How can I search a forum or forums?
Enter a search term in the search box located on the index, forum or topic pages. Advanced search can be accessed by clicking the “Advance Search” link which is available on all pages on the forum. How to access the search may depend on the style used.
Top
Why does my search return no results?
Your search was probably too vague and included many common terms which are not indexed by phpBB. Be more specific and use the options available within Advanced search.
Top
Why does my search return a blank page!?
Your search returned too many results for the webserver to handle. Use “Advanced search” and be more specific in the terms used and forums that are to be searched.
Top
How do I search for members?
Visit to the “Members” page and click the “Find a member” link.
Top
How can I find my own posts and topics?
Your own posts can be retrieved either by clicking the “Show your posts” link within the User Control Panel or by clicking the “Search user’s posts” link via your own profile page or by clicking the “Quick links” menu at the top of the board. To search for your topics, use the Advanced search page and fill in the various options appropriately.
Top
Subscriptions and Bookmarks
What is the difference between bookmarking and subscribing?
In phpBB 3.0, bookmarking topics worked much like bookmarking in a web browser. You were not alerted when there was an update. As of phpBB 3.1, bookmarking is more like subscribing to a topic. You can be notified when a bookmarked topic is updated. Subscribing, however, will notify you when there is an update to a topic or forum on the board. Notification options for bookmarks and subscriptions can be configured in the User Control Panel, under “Board preferences”.
Top
How do I bookmark or subscribe to specific topics?
You can bookmark or subscribe to a specific topic by clicking the appropriate link in the “Topic tools” menu, conveniently located near the top and bottom of a topic discussion.
Replying to a topic with the “Notify me when a reply is posted” option checked will also subscribe you to the topic.
Top
How do I subscribe to specific forums?
To subscribe to a specific forum, click the “Subscribe forum” link, at the bottom of page, upon entering the forum.
Top
How do I remove my subscriptions?
To remove your subscriptions, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to your subscriptions.
Top
Attachments
What attachments are allowed on this board?
Each board administrator can allow or disallow certain attachment types. If you are unsure what is allowed to be uploaded, contact the board administrator for assistance.
Top
How do I find all my attachments?
To find your list of attachments that you have uploaded, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to the attachments section.
Top
phpBB Issues
Who wrote this bulletin board?
This software (in its unmodified form) is produced, released and is copyright phpBB Limited. It is made available under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPL-2.0) and may be freely distributed. See About phpBB for more details.
Top
Why isn’t X feature available?
This software was written by and licensed through phpBB Limited. If you believe a feature needs to be added please visit the phpBB Ideas Centre, where you can upvote existing ideas or suggest new features.
Top
Who do I contact about abusive and/or legal matters related to this board?
Any of the administrators listed on the “The team” page should be an appropriate point of contact for your complaints. If this still gets no response then you should contact the owner of the domain (do a whois lookup) or, if this is running on a free service (e.g. Yahoo!, free.fr, f2s.com, etc.), the management or abuse department of that service. Please note that the phpBB Limited has absolutely no jurisdiction and cannot in any way be held liable over how, where or by whom this board is used. Do not contact the phpBB Limited in relation to any legal (cease and desist, liable, defamatory comment, etc.) matter not directly related to the phpBB.com website or the discrete software of phpBB itself. If you do email phpBB Limited about any third party use of this software then you should expect a terse response or no response at all.
Top
How do I contact a board administrator?
All users of the board can use the “Contact us” form, if the option was enabled by the board administrator. | {
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