Datasets:
community-datasets
/
wiki_snippets

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
4
_id
stringlengths
77
96
datasets_id
int32
0
1.38M
wiki_id
stringlengths
2
9
start_paragraph
int32
2
1.17k
start_character
int32
0
70.3k
end_paragraph
int32
4
1.18k
end_character
int32
1
70.3k
article_title
stringlengths
1
250
section_title
stringlengths
0
1.12k
passage_text
stringlengths
1
14k
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 28, "sc": 540, "ep": 28, "ec": 1226}
161,685
Q4818847
28
540
28
1,226
Atwater system
Assumptions based on the use of carbohydrates by difference and the effects of dietary fibre
heat of combustion. The unavailable carbohydrates (dietary fibre) are degraded to a variable extent in the large bowel. The products of this microbial digestion are fatty acids, CO₂ (carbon dioxide), methane and hydrogen. The fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate) are absorbed in the large intestine and provide some metabolisable energy. The extent of degradation depends on the source of the dietary fibre (its composition and state of division), and the individual consuming the dietary fibre. There is insufficient data to give firm guidance on the energy available from this source. Finally dietary fibre affects faecal losses of nitrogen and fat. Whether
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 28, "sc": 1226, "ep": 32, "ec": 222}
161,685
Q4818847
28
1,226
32
222
Atwater system
Assumptions based on the use of carbohydrates by difference and the effects of dietary fibre & Proteins
the increased fat loss is due to an effect on small intestinal absorption is not clear. The increased faecal nitrogen losses on high fibre diets are probably due to an increased bacterial nitrogen content of the faeces. Both these effects however lead to reductions in apparent digestibility, and therefore the Atwater system warrants small changes in the proper energy conversion factors for those diets. Proteins The experimental evidence for the magnitude of this variation is very limited, but as the heats of combustion of the individual amino-acids are different it is reasonable to expect variations between different proteins. An
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 32, "sc": 222, "ep": 36, "ec": 189}
161,685
Q4818847
32
222
36
189
Atwater system
Proteins & Fats
observed range of from 5.48 for conglutin (from blue lupin) to 5.92 for Hordein (barley) was reported, which compares with Atwaters’ range of 5.27 for gelatin to 5.95 for wheat gluten. It is difficult to calculate expected values for a protein from amino-acid data, as some of the heats of combustion are not known accurately. Preliminary calculations on cow's milk suggest a value of around 5.5 kcal/g (23.0 kJ/g). Fats Analogously the experimental evidence is limited, but since the fatty acids differ in their heats of combustion one should expect fats to vary in heats of combustion. These differences are,
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 36, "sc": 189, "ep": 42, "ec": 22}
161,685
Q4818847
36
189
42
22
Atwater system
Fats & Carbohydrates & Apparent digestibility coefficients
however, relatively small – for example, breast milk fat has a calculated heat of combustion of 9.37 kcal/g (39.2 kJ/g) compared with that of cow milk fat of 9.19 kcal/g (38.5 kJ/g). Carbohydrates Monosaccharides have heats of combustion of around 3.75 kcal/g (15.7 kJ/g), disaccharides 3.95 kcal/g (16.5 kJ/g) and polysaccharides 4.15 to 4.20 kcal/g (17.4 to 17.6 kJ/g). The heat of hydrolysis is very small and these values are essentially equivalent when calculated on a monosaccharide basis. Thus 100 g sucrose gives on hydrolysis 105.6 g monosaccharide and 100 g starch gives on hydrolysis 110 g glucose. Apparent digestibility
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 42, "sc": 22, "ep": 44, "ec": 640}
161,685
Q4818847
42
22
44
640
Atwater system
Apparent digestibility coefficients
coefficients The human digestive tract is a very efficient organ, and the faecal excretion of nitrogenous material and fats is a small proportion (usually less than 10%) of the intake. Atwater recognised that the faecal excretion was a complex mixture of unabsorbed intestinal secretions, bacterial material and metabolites, sloughed mucosal cells, mucus, and only to a small extent, unabsorbed dietary components. This might be one reason why he chose to use availability rather than digestibility. His view was that these faecal constituents were truly unavailable and that his apparent disregard of the nature of faecal excretion was justifiable in a
{"datasets_id": 161685, "wiki_id": "Q4818847", "sp": 44, "sc": 640, "ep": 44, "ec": 1032}
161,685
Q4818847
44
640
44
1,032
Atwater system
Apparent digestibility coefficients
practical context. The ratio wherever faecal excretion is small, will approximate to unity and thus these coefficients have a low variance and have the appearance of constants. This is spurious since faecal excretion is variable even on a constant diet, and there is no evidence to suggest that faecal excretion is in fact related to intake in the way implied by these coefficients.
{"datasets_id": 161686, "wiki_id": "Q166303", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 563}
161,686
Q166303
2
0
6
563
Autry Inman
Biography
Autry Inman Biography Inman was born in Florence, Alabama, and was performing on local radio station WLAY by age 14. He used his middle name "Autry" (or "Autrey") as his stage name. After completing school he worked as a reporter for the Lauderdale Co. Law & Equity Court. Shortly thereafter he was tapped to join Cowboy Copas's band, the Oklahoma Cowboys, as a bassist. Aside from this he also played in George Morgan's Candy Kids until 1952. He released his first solo singles on the small label Bullet Records; in 1952 he signed with Decca Records, for whom he recorded over
{"datasets_id": 161686, "wiki_id": "Q166303", "sp": 6, "sc": 563, "ep": 6, "ec": 1183}
161,686
Q166303
6
563
6
1,183
Autry Inman
Biography
40 country songs. However, service in the Army interrupted his career. After his dismissal he switched to playing rockabilly music in 1956, then at the height of its popularity. His first single in the style, "Be Bop Baby" b/w "It Would Be a Doggone Lie", became the best-known of his rockabilly titles. He changed to RCA Records in 1958, releasing further rockabilly singles but to limited success. In the 1960s, he recorded for Mercury Records, United Artists Records, Sims Records, Guest Star Records, and Jubilee Records where he cut some adult stand-up comedy albums. In addition to being a vocalist, Inman
{"datasets_id": 161686, "wiki_id": "Q166303", "sp": 6, "sc": 1183, "ep": 6, "ec": 1652}
161,686
Q166303
6
1,183
6
1,652
Autry Inman
Biography
was a well-respected songwriter, and his tunes were covered by the likes of Dolly Parton, Waylon Jennings, Johnny Cash, George Jones and Hank Williams. In 1968, he released a single with Bob Luman entitled "Ballad of Two Brothers", which turned out to be his biggest hit in the U.S., reaching No. 14 on the country charts and No. 48 on the Billboard Hot 100. His final recordings were made in the mid-1980s for the Koala label. He died on September 6, 1988 at age 59.
{"datasets_id": 161687, "wiki_id": "Q788165", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 356}
161,687
Q788165
2
0
10
356
Back for the First Time
Background & Commercial performance
Back for the First Time Background Most of the tracks are taken from his first album, the independently released Incognegro (1999), except for "Stick 'Em Up", "Southern Hospitality", a remix of "What's Your Fantasy", and "Phat Rabbit". Commercial performance The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart, and sold 133,000 copies in its first-week of sales. As of November 2009, the album has sold 3.1 million copies in the United States to date. The album was eventually certified triple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of more than 3 million copies.
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 243}
161,688
Q4865590
2
0
10
243
Barton Bank
Background & Racing career
Barton Bank Background He was trained by David Nicholson and in his major successes was ridden by Adrian Maguire or David Walsh. He was owned by Jenny Mould, whose green colours with white stars have been worn by horses such as Bindaree and Tipping Tim. She also part-owned Charter Party, who ran under different colours. Racing career Barton Bank entered the 1993 Sun Alliance Chase as the favourite after betting support on the day. However, he broke a blood vessel and was pulled up. The winner was ante-post favourite Young Hustler. The next season, Barton Bank won
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 243, "ep": 10, "ec": 775}
161,688
Q4865590
10
243
10
775
Barton Bank
Racing career
a battle with Bradbury Star for the King George crown. Back in third was The Fellow, who had won the last two renewals of the race. Fourth and fifth were Young Hustler and Zeta's Lad. All five horses jumped the second last together. Barton Bank was one of the favourites for the Cheltenham Gold Cup of 1994 but suffered an injury in the build-up and missed the race. He went to the 1994 King George VI Chase well supported and approached the last fence 15 lengths clear. However, he met the fence wrong and gave Adrian
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 775, "ep": 10, "ec": 1285}
161,688
Q4865590
10
775
10
1,285
Barton Bank
Racing career
Maguire no chance of staying on him (photo of Maguire falling off him) Outsider Algan took the prize. Barton Bank's trainer David Nicholson got into trouble for hitting a photographer who was taking his picture after this had happened. Barton Bank went to run in the Pillar Chase, where he was well beaten by Master Oats. He then ran in the Cheltenham Gold Cup. He was still running strongly when he hardly rose at a fence late in the course and crashed to the ground. The race was won by Master Oats.
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 1285, "ep": 10, "ec": 1832}
161,688
Q4865590
10
1,285
10
1,832
Barton Bank
Racing career
This was Barton Bank's third fall in four races. Peter Scudamore said about his King George fall, 'He just does not shorten'. He then went on to the Martell Cup Chase where he was last of six runners. The following season, Barton Bank ran in the King George VI Chase (run that year at Sandown), where he was pulled up. He went on to another attempt at the Cheltenham Gold Cup. John McCririck stated on Channel 4's Morning Line programme that at 16/1 he was good value. Fellow pundit Ted Walsh jokingly asked whether they were omitting
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 1832, "ep": 10, "ec": 2352}
161,688
Q4865590
10
1,832
10
2,352
Barton Bank
Racing career
the open ditches on the course as these were the sort of fences the horse had problems with. In the end, Barton Bank was fourth but never looked like winning. He then came second in the Martell Cup Chase. Barton Bank ran in the 1996 King George VI Chase. He was placed, but due to the rare fast ground at that time of year (which some considered to be dangerously frosty) only five horses turned up. One Man retained his crown. Barton Bank then came close to defeating One Man in the Pillar Chase where the
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 2352, "ep": 10, "ec": 2911}
161,688
Q4865590
10
2,352
10
2,911
Barton Bank
Racing career
latter's stamina worries came to the fore. He wasn't really considered for the Cheltenham Gold Cup, although the Racing Post newspaper felt his early morning price of 66/1 was some value. This was his best effort in the race as he stayed on well to finish second behind Mr Mulligan. He then won the Martell Cup Chase at Aintree. His season ended in the Whitbread Gold Cup, where he unseated his jockey at the water jump. In the autumn of 1997, in the Hennessy Gold Cup he was second to Suny Bay (Peter O'Sullevan's last commentary). He returned for
{"datasets_id": 161688, "wiki_id": "Q4865590", "sp": 10, "sc": 2911, "ep": 10, "ec": 3064}
161,688
Q4865590
10
2,911
10
3,064
Barton Bank
Racing career
another crack at the King George VI Chase, Pillar Chase, and Cheltenham Gold Cup. However, he was well beaten in all three and was retired from racing.
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 554}
161,689
Q2874695
2
0
6
554
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Background
Battle of Crampton's Gap Background On September 13, 1862, Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan received a lost copy of Robert E. Lee's Special Order No. 191, which detailed the Confederate plan of action in Maryland. This included the important information that Lee had divided his army and sent a portion to capture Harpers Ferry. As part of that siege, units under Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws were sent to take Maryland Heights and then bombard the Union garrison in the town. To protect his rear flank, McLaws stationed a small guard at Brownsville Gap (a smaller gap a few miles
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 6, "sc": 554, "ep": 6, "ec": 1137}
161,689
Q2874695
6
554
6
1,137
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Background
south of Crampton's Gap) and Crampton's Gap, both of which allowed access to Pleasant Valley and the eastern slope of Maryland Heights. The force at Crampton's Gap consisted of one battery of artillery, 3 regiments of infantry under Brig. Gen. William Mahone, one brigade under Brig. Gen. Howell Cobb, and a small cavalry detachment under Col. Thomas T. Munford. After the report of a very large number of camp fires indicating a much larger Union force than anticipated, General Lee recognized the threat this posed to his split forces, so the order was sent down to General Cobb
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 6, "sc": 1137, "ep": 10, "ec": 152}
161,689
Q2874695
6
1,137
10
152
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Background & Battle
to ..."hold the gap if it cost the life of every man in my command". McClellan ordered Maj. Gen. William Franklin and his VI Corps to set out for Burkittsville from his camp at Buckeystown the following morning at daybreak, with instructions to drive through Crampton's Gap and attack McLaws' rear. Although he sent the order immediately, by allowing Franklin to wait until morning to depart, his order resulted in a delay of nearly 11 hours. Battle The small Confederate force used the terrain to its maximum advantage with Munford's cavalrymen initially stationed at the eastern base of the mountain,
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 10, "sc": 152, "ep": 10, "ec": 790}
161,689
Q2874695
10
152
10
790
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Battle
the artillery halfway up its slope, and the infantry entrenched at the summit. From their vantage point on the mountain they watched throughout the morning as Franklin's VI Corps marched across the Middletown Valley towards them. When the Federals reached Burkittsville around noon, the Confederate artillery opened up. In Burkittsville, while under artillery fire, Franklin assembled his troops into three columns. At 3 p.m., after a delay of nearly 3 hours, the VI Corps finally began its assault. The reason for the delay has never been ascertained, but it would prove costly. The Union advance was slow and steady, supported
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 10, "sc": 790, "ep": 10, "ec": 1405}
161,689
Q2874695
10
790
10
1,405
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Battle
by artillery. Their superior numbers quickly overwhelmed the cavalry and artillery on the slopes of the mountain. The retreating Confederates were briefly rallied at the summit by General Cobb, but an oncoming charge by the First New Jersey Brigade (The first 4 New Jersey regiments) was too much. Once the VI Corps reached the summit they drove the Confederates from their positions, inflicting heavy casualties, in just 15 minutes of fighting. Confederate losses included an aide to Cobb, John Basil Lamar and Jefferson M. Lamar, the younger brother of Lucius Q. C. Lamar. Both Lamars were related to Cobb's wife
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 10, "sc": 1405, "ep": 10, "ec": 2017}
161,689
Q2874695
10
1,405
10
2,017
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Battle
the former Mary Ann Lamar. After the Confederate line at the summit broke, the troops scattered in all direction into Pleasant Valley and were thereafter totally unable give any further fight to the Federals. However, before their rout, they had held out for three hours, which, in concert with the delay of the VI Corps getting to and beginning the attack on Crampton's Gap, meant that it was after 6:00 p.m. when Franklin reassembled his men in Pleasant Valley and too late to begin a second attack on McLaws' force on Maryland Heights. The following day Harpers Ferry surrendered to the Confederates,
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 10, "sc": 2017, "ep": 14, "ec": 497}
161,689
Q2874695
10
2,017
14
497
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Battle & Aftermath
while Franklin sat camped in Pleasant Valley, convinced he was outnumbered by McLaws by nearly two to one. Aftermath In total, the VI Corps suffered 115 killed, 416 wounded, and 2 missing, for a total of 533 casualties. The Confederate forces suffered 130 killed and 759 wounded, for a total of 887 casualties. Tactically, the Federals were successful in driving the Confederates from the gap while inflicting heavy casualties, the first time any portion of Lee's army had been driven from the field up until this point in the war. Strategically, the Confederate force was able to stall the Federal advance
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 14, "sc": 497, "ep": 14, "ec": 1139}
161,689
Q2874695
14
497
14
1,139
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Aftermath
for three hours despite being outnumbered nearly six to one. The delay was long enough to ensure the safety of McLaws on Maryland Heights and capture of Harpers Ferry the following morning. More significantly, after seizing Crampton's Gap, General Franklin failed to attack McLaws and allowed Stonewall Jackson's Corps to reunite with the main body of the Confederate army at Sharpsburg without a fight, setting the stage for the Battle of Antietam three days later. There Lee hastily stood his ground in the war's bloodiest day. President Abraham Lincoln used the marginal Union victory at Antietam as a justification for announcing
{"datasets_id": 161689, "wiki_id": "Q2874695", "sp": 14, "sc": 1139, "ep": 18, "ec": 320}
161,689
Q2874695
14
1,139
18
320
Battle of Crampton's Gap
Aftermath & Preservation
his Emancipation Proclamation. Preservation The battlefield and a large area to the east were designated a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. The Crampton's Gap Historic District was designated on January 12, 2011, comprising the mountain around Crampton's Gap and Brownsville Gap, the town of Burkittsville, and surrounding landscape.
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 598}
161,690
Q2237543
2
0
6
598
Battle of Kircheib
Background
Battle of Kircheib Background In 1796, French troops under General Jean-Baptiste Kléber launched a major campaign in the Westerwald on the orders of the commander-in-chief Jean-Baptiste Jourdan. A camp was set up on the hill spur of Jungeroth, today part of Buchholz. This site was particularly suitable for several reasons. First, it was protected by steep slopes on three sides as well as the Hanfbach and Scheußbach streams. Furthermore, the Steiner Berg, Priesterberg and Heppenberg hills as well as the High Road from Cologne to Frankfurt were nearby. The camp was extensively fortified with protective banks and ditches.
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 6, "sc": 598, "ep": 10, "ec": 116}
161,690
Q2237543
6
598
10
116
Battle of Kircheib
Background & Course of the battle
On 4 June 1796, the French army struck camp and set off for battle. At the Battle of Altenkirchen, the Austrians, under the command of Prince Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg, were pushed back behind the River Lahn. On 15 June, however, the French were defeated at Wetzlar by the Austrians under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria and retreated back to camp. They planned a further withdrawal to Düsseldorf over the succeeding days. Course of the battle On 19 June 1796 at two o'clock in the morning, the Austrians, under Field Marshal Lieutenant Paul Kray, attacked the
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 10, "sc": 116, "ep": 10, "ec": 742}
161,690
Q2237543
10
116
10
742
Battle of Kircheib
Course of the battle
French camp at Jungeroth (near Buchholz/Uckerath) with cavalry and infantry, but were beaten back and pursued by the French as far as Kircheib. The village was well defended. The French were initially fired upon by artillery and then stormed the village, whereupon they again came under fire from the Austrian artillery which was drawn up on the hills behind the village. After a long infantry battle for these heights, the French were beaten back and retreated. The French lost 1,500 dead and the Austrians 400. The Austrians had four battalions in the fight, their whole vanguard, reinforced by line troops bringing
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 10, "sc": 742, "ep": 10, "ec": 1386}
161,690
Q2237543
10
742
10
1,386
Battle of Kircheib
Course of the battle
the total up to 14,000 men. The French had over 24,000 soldiers. The French reconnaissance troops made serious mistakes: first, they estimated that there were 44,000 enemy, and, second, they clearly knew nothing of the Austrian artillery stationed on the hills behind Kircheib. Less excusable is that Kray, when he advanced on Uckerath on the 19th, was not sufficiently reinforced to ensure a decisive superiority over Kléber. The fatigue of his troops, the lack of food, uncertainty over whether the enemy had already crossed over to Neuwied and a desire not to become overextended, are spurious reasons that deserve no consideration,
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 10, "sc": 1386, "ep": 18, "ec": 347}
161,690
Q2237543
10
1,386
18
347
Battle of Kircheib
Course of the battle & Aftermath & Sources and research
because it was only a march to ensure Kléber's complete withdrawal from the Sieg (assessment by Archduke Carl of Austria). Aftermath After the battle the French began a general withdrawal. Kléber's crossed the Sieg on 20 June near Siegburg and entered Düsseldorf on the 21st. Sources and research There are various contemporary reports about the battle. Among others, reports and evaluations may be found in the records of Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian field marshal lieutenant, Paul Freiherr Kray von Krajowa and Hermann Christian Hülder of Oberdollendorf, who visited the battlefield on 20 June. In addition, numerous artefacts of the
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 18, "sc": 347, "ep": 18, "ec": 986}
161,690
Q2237543
18
347
18
986
Battle of Kircheib
Sources and research
battle can still be found in the area and the fortifications in Jungeroth are visible in aerial photographs. The circumstances of the battle were last investigated by local researchers, Horst Weiß and Theo Faßbender from Buchholz. Subsequently, on the initiative of council member Ludwig Eich, the Buchholz municipal council erected a memorial for peace. Its inauguration took place on 19 June 2009, the 213th anniversary of the battle. The memorial stone is located in the village of Griesenbach, in the municipality of Buchholz, near the community centre on Hohlweg on 50.70516944°N 7.42855277°E by the pond of Sophienweiher at a height
{"datasets_id": 161690, "wiki_id": "Q2237543", "sp": 18, "sc": 986, "ep": 18, "ec": 1478}
161,690
Q2237543
18
986
18
1,478
Battle of Kircheib
Sources and research
of 279 metres above sea level. It stands on a ridge in the centre between the opposing lines of troops at the start of the battle. In Griesenbach, at the corner of Buchholzer Straße and Hohlweg, the sign "Dorfgemeinschaftshaus / Gedenkstätte Schlacht von Kircheib" points the way; from there 700 m straight ahead. A map board shows the positions at the opening of the battle. On the left are the French and on the right the Austrian troops. In the centre is the site of the monument.
{"datasets_id": 161691, "wiki_id": "Q26831479", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 220}
161,691
Q26831479
2
0
10
220
Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)
Background & The battle
Battle of al-Rai (August 2016) Background On 8 April 2016, rebels from the Hawar Kilis Operations Room captured al-Rai and more than a dozen other villages, but withdrew after an ISIL counteroffensive 3 days later that recaptured almost all the villages they have lost. The rebels also briefly took over the town for a few hours in June before being driven out. The battle On 15 August 2016, after heavy artillery bombardment rebels began to storm the al-Rai grain silos and captured the silos along with several other positions. However, they were forced to withdraw the next morning after an
{"datasets_id": 161691, "wiki_id": "Q26831479", "sp": 10, "sc": 220, "ep": 10, "ec": 841}
161,691
Q26831479
10
220
10
841
Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)
The battle
ISIL counterattack from the north which recaptured all the points ISIL lost. Landmines played a role in slowing down the offensive. On 17 August, FSA fighters launched a second assault after targeting IS positions with rocket artillery, breaking through the first lines of defense and re-entering the town. The FSA blew up 3 car bombs during the battle and fully captured al-Rai and its border crossing later that day, taking a number of surrendering ISIL militants as prisoners of war. On the same day, the USAF operating as part of the CJTF-OIR conducted air support for the rebels during the battle by
{"datasets_id": 161691, "wiki_id": "Q26831479", "sp": 10, "sc": 841, "ep": 14, "ec": 100}
161,691
Q26831479
10
841
14
100
Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)
The battle & Aftermath
bombing several IS units near al-Rai. Fighting continued in the outskirts of the town as ISIL retained its headquarters in nearby Dudyan. Due to the short time given to rebels to fortify the area, IS launched a rapid counter-offensive from the east on 19 August and recaptured the grain silos and nearby hilltops. However, the rebels repelled the attack on the town and claimed to have killed more than 10 IS fighters. FSA fighters also recaptured the grain silos the next day. Aftermath On 20 August, a large number of rebels and a military convoy containing more than 50 vehicles loaded
{"datasets_id": 161691, "wiki_id": "Q26831479", "sp": 14, "sc": 100, "ep": 14, "ec": 589}
161,691
Q26831479
14
100
14
589
Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)
Aftermath
with heavy and medium weapons from al-Rai were transferred to the Turkish border with Jarabulus, as the Turkish Armed Forces prepared for an attack on Jarabulus. Between 27 and 28 August, the rebels claimed to had capture three villages east of al-Rai. However, it was reported that on 27 August, IS recaptured al-Rai. The next day, al-Rai was once again reported to be rebel-held. By 4 September, FSA captured all of the ISIL-controlled territory along the Turkish-Syrian border.
{"datasets_id": 161692, "wiki_id": "Q16840733", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 631}
161,692
Q16840733
2
0
4
631
Bernini (fashion)
Bernini (fashion) Bernini is a men's fashion company based in Beverly Hills that was popularized in the 1990s and expanded rapidly into multiple stores. The clothing was sold out of a boutique store on Rodeo Drive before adding multiple locations there and elsewhere. Bernini's stores were known as offering "the very best menswear", with some branches selling custom-made suits. Pricing for a suit, shirt, and shoes could run into the thousands of dollars. Visitors to the line's many stores included celebrities like rapper Puff Daddy and basketball player Michael Jordan. Bernini suits were worn on-air by Love Connection television show
{"datasets_id": 161692, "wiki_id": "Q16840733", "sp": 4, "sc": 631, "ep": 4, "ec": 1288}
161,692
Q16840733
4
631
4
1,288
Bernini (fashion)
host Chuck Woolery, who was provided the suits by the company, as noted by the program announcer at the end of each show. By 1998, Bernini had expanded to three locations on Rodeo Drive, including the original store at 346 N. Rodeo, Bernini Sport at 326 N. Rodeo, and Bernini Couture at 355 N. Rodeo—leading to the facetious observation that Rodeo Drive was "threatening to become 'Bernini Drive'". The company opened locations in large outlet shopping centers, like in Cabazon, California. In the late 1990s, the company opened "Off Rodeo Drive Beverly Hills" multi-brand superstores inside of Mills Corporation shopping centers, including
{"datasets_id": 161692, "wiki_id": "Q16840733", "sp": 4, "sc": 1288, "ep": 4, "ec": 1970}
161,692
Q16840733
4
1,288
4
1,970
Bernini (fashion)
in Ontario, California (Ontario Mills), suburban Houston, Texas (Katy Mills), and suburban Dallas-Fort Worth (Grapevine Mills). The "Off Rodeo Drive" properties consisted of a corridor replicating the actual Rodeo Drive of Beverly Hills, with separate doorways leading to mini-stores for clothing brands such as Calvin Klein, Donna Karan, Gianni Versace, Hugo Boss, Moschino, Shauna Stein, Giorgio Armani, and Bernini. As of 2009, Bernini also operated a number of shops in Las Vegas, including a Bernini and "the fancy men's clothing store" Bernini Collections at Caesars Palace Forum shops, a Bernini Couture at Caesars Palace Appian Way shops, and The Bernini Collezioni
{"datasets_id": 161692, "wiki_id": "Q16840733", "sp": 4, "sc": 1970, "ep": 4, "ec": 2443}
161,692
Q16840733
4
1,970
4
2,443
Bernini (fashion)
at the MGM Grand, selling items from other companies including Brioni, Canali, Versace, Hugo Boss, and Zegna. Bernini's owner is Yousuf Tar, who previously owned a clothing boutique in South Africa and Burton's of Santa Monica. Tar, a billionaire, has been known in the region for his residence, a Bel Air mansion nicknamed the 'Tar Mahal' or the 'Chateau d'Or', which was nearly purchased by Michael Jackson shortly before the entertainer's death in 2009.
{"datasets_id": 161693, "wiki_id": "Q15052609", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 327}
161,693
Q15052609
2
0
10
327
Bill Hayward (rugby union)
Early life & Rugby union career
Bill Hayward (rugby union) Early life Bill Hayward studied at Loughborough University and was a member of the Loughborough Students RUFC. Rugby union career Hayward made his international debut on May 4, 1991 at Rockne Stadium, Chicago in the United States vs Japan match. Of the matches he played for his national side he was on the winning side on one occasion. He played his final match for United States of America on June 8, 1991 at Kingsland, Calgary in a Canada vs USA match.
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 652}
161,694
Q470671
2
0
6
652
Blood agent
Exposure
Blood agent Exposure Blood agents work through inhalation or ingestion. As chemical weapons, blood agents are typically disseminated as aerosols and take effect through inhalation. Due to their volatility, they are more toxic in confined areas than in open areas. Cyanide compounds occur in small amounts in the natural environment and in cigarette smoke. They are also used in several industrial processes and as pesticides. Cyanides are released when synthetic fabrics or polyurethane burn, and may thus contribute to fire-related deaths. Arsine gas, formed when arsenic encounters an acid, is used as a pesticide and in the semiconductor industry; most exposures
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 6, "sc": 652, "ep": 10, "ec": 645}
161,694
Q470671
6
652
10
645
Blood agent
Exposure & Symptoms
to it occur accidentally in the workplace. Symptoms The symptoms of blood agent poisoning depend on concentration and duration. Cyanide-based blood agents irritate the eyes and the respiratory tract, while arsine is nonirritating. Hydrogen cyanide has a faint, bitter, almond odor that only about half of all people can smell. Arsine has a very faint garlic odor detectable only at greater than fatal concentrations. Exposure to small amounts of cyanide has no effect. Higher concentrations cause dizziness, weakness and nausea, which cease with the exposure, but long-time exposure can cause mild symptoms followed by permanent brain damage and muscle paralysis. Moderate exposure
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 10, "sc": 645, "ep": 10, "ec": 1281}
161,694
Q470671
10
645
10
1,281
Blood agent
Symptoms
causes stronger and longer-lasting symptoms, including headache, that can be followed by convulsions and coma. Stronger or longer exposure will also lead to convulsions and coma. Very strong exposure causes severe toxic effects within seconds, and rapid death. The blood of people killed by blood agents is bright red, because the agents inhibit the use of the oxygen in it by the body's cells. Cyanide poisoning can be detected by the presence of thiocyanate or cyanide in the blood, a smell of bitter almonds, or respiratory tract inflammations and congestions in the case of cyanogen chloride poisoning. There is no specific
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 10, "sc": 1281, "ep": 14, "ec": 539}
161,694
Q470671
10
1,281
14
539
Blood agent
Symptoms & Effects
test for arsine poisoning, but it may leave a garlic smell on the victim's breath. Effects At sufficient concentrations, blood agents can quickly saturate the blood and cause death in a matter of minutes or seconds. They cause powerful gasping for breath, violent convulsions and a painful death that can take several minutes. The immediate cause of death is usually respiratory failure. Blood agents work at the cellular level by preventing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells. This causes the cells to suffocate from lack of oxygen. Cyanide-based agents do so by interrupting
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 14, "sc": 539, "ep": 18, "ec": 567}
161,694
Q470671
14
539
18
567
Blood agent
Effects & Detection and countermeasures
the electron transport chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria. Arsine damages the red blood cells which deliver oxygen throughout the body. Detection and countermeasures Chemical detection methods, in the form of kits or testing strips, exist for hydrogen cyanide. Ordinary clothing provides some protection, but proper protective clothing and masks are recommended. Mask filters containing only charcoal are ineffective, and effective filters are quickly saturated. Due to their high volatility, cyanide agents generally need no decontamination. In enclosed areas, fire extinguishers spraying sodium carbonate can decontaminate hydrogen cyanide, but the resulting metal salts remain poisonous on contact. Liquid hydrogen cyanide
{"datasets_id": 161694, "wiki_id": "Q470671", "sp": 18, "sc": 567, "ep": 22, "ec": 301}
161,694
Q470671
18
567
22
301
Blood agent
Detection and countermeasures & Use
can be flushed with water. Cyanide poisoning can be treated with antidotes; see the corresponding article. Use The most significant practical application of blood agents was the use of hydrogen cyanide (Zyklon B) in gas chambers by Nazi Germany to commit the mass murder of Jews and others in the course of the Holocaust. This resulted in the largest death toll as a result of the use of chemical agents to date.
{"datasets_id": 161695, "wiki_id": "Q4942723", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 529}
161,695
Q4942723
2
0
6
529
Boo (dog)
Popularity
Boo (dog) Popularity Boo belonged to a San Francisco-based Facebook employee who created a Facebook page for the dog with the statement "My name is Boo. I am a dog. Life is good." He became popular in October 2010 after singer Kesha sent a tweet that she had a new boyfriend, linking to the page. Chronicle Books, noticing that Boo had 5 million Facebook fans at the time, approached the owner to write a picture book. In August 2011, Boo: The Life of the World's Cutest Dog, written by his owner under the pen name J. H. Lee, was published.
{"datasets_id": 161695, "wiki_id": "Q4942723", "sp": 6, "sc": 529, "ep": 14, "ec": 139}
161,695
Q4942723
6
529
14
139
Boo (dog)
Popularity & Health complications and death & Media appearances
The book was eventually published in ten languages. A second book followed, Boo: Little Dog in the Big City, as well as a calendar and plans for a cut-out book and additional children's books. His other merchandise includes a Gund stuffed animal. Health complications and death Boo's owners said he began to show signs of heart trouble after Buddy's death; he died in his sleep on the morning of January 18, 2019. Media appearances In April 2012, Boo was the subject of a death hoax after #RIPBOO appeared on Facebook. Tweets followed as Gizmodo writer Sam Biddle tweeted
{"datasets_id": 161695, "wiki_id": "Q4942723", "sp": 14, "sc": 139, "ep": 14, "ec": 603}
161,695
Q4942723
14
139
14
603
Boo (dog)
Media appearances
that Boo had died. It was later confirmed by the Chronicle Book staff that Boo was alive and well. In July 2012, Boo was named the Official Pet Liaison of Virgin America, which featured photos of him in an airplane along with advice for people traveling with pets. He also modeled sunglasses for The Monocle Order, from the Blood and Tears line. Mike Isaac of All Things Digital outed Boo's owner as Irene Ahn, a Facebook employee, in August 2012.
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 629}
161,696
Q286798
2
0
6
629
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Input impedance
Bootstrapping (electronics) Input impedance In analog circuit designs, a bootstrap circuit is an arrangement of components deliberately intended to alter the input impedance of a circuit. Usually it is intended to increase the impedance, by using a small amount of positive feedback, usually over two stages. This was often necessary in the early days of bipolar transistors, which inherently have quite a low input impedance. Because the feedback is positive, such circuits can suffer from poor stability and noise performance compared to ones that don't bootstrap. Negative feedback may alternatively be used to bootstrap an input impedance, causing the apparent
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 6, "sc": 629, "ep": 6, "ec": 1262}
161,696
Q286798
6
629
6
1,262
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Input impedance
impedance to be reduced. This is seldom done deliberately, however, and is normally an unwanted result of a particular circuit design. A well-known example of this is the Miller effect, in which an unavoidable feedback capacitance appears increased (i.e. its impedance appears reduced) by negative feedback. One popular case where this is done deliberately is the Miller compensation technique for providing a low-frequency pole inside an integrated circuit. To minimize the size of the necessary capacitor, it is placed between the input and an output which swings in the opposite direction. This bootstrapping makes it act like
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 6, "sc": 1262, "ep": 10, "ec": 565}
161,696
Q286798
6
1,262
10
565
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Input impedance & Driving MOS transistors
a larger capacitor to ground. Driving MOS transistors A N-MOSFET/IGBT needs a significantly positive charge (VGS > Vₜₕ) applied to the gate in order to turn on. Using only N-channel MOSFET/IGBT devices is a common cost reduction method due largely to die size reduction (there are other benefits as well). However, using nMOS devices in place of pMOS devices means that a voltage higher than the power rail supply (V+) is needed in order to bias the transistor into linear operation (minimal current limiting) and thus avoid significant heat loss. A bootstrap capacitor is connected from the supply rail (V+) to
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 10, "sc": 565, "ep": 10, "ec": 1224}
161,696
Q286798
10
565
10
1,224
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Driving MOS transistors
the output voltage. Usually the source terminal of the N-MOSFET is connected to the cathode of a recirculation diode allowing for efficient management of stored energy in the typically inductive load (See Flyback diode). Due to the charge storage characteristics of a capacitor, the bootstrap voltage will rise above (V+) providing the needed gate drive voltage. A MOSFET/IGBT is a voltage-controlled device which, in theory, will not have any gate current. This makes it possible to utilize the charge inside the capacitor for control purposes. However, eventually the capacitor will lose its charge due to parasitic gate current and non-ideal (i.e.
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 10, "sc": 1224, "ep": 14, "ec": 58}
161,696
Q286798
10
1,224
14
58
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Driving MOS transistors & Switch-mode power supplies
finite) internal resistance, so this scheme is only used where there is a steady pulse present. This is because the pulsing action allows for the capacitor to discharge (at least partially if not completely). Most control schemes that use a bootstrap capacitor force the high side driver (N-MOSFET) off for a minimum time to allow for the capacitor to refill. This means that the duty cycle will always need to be less than 100% to accommodate for the parasitic discharge unless the leakage is accommodated for in another manner. Switch-mode power supplies In switch-mode power supplies, the regulation circuits are
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 14, "sc": 58, "ep": 18, "ec": 315}
161,696
Q286798
14
58
18
315
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Switch-mode power supplies & Output swing
powered from the output. To start the power supply, a leakage resistance can be used to trickle-charge the supply rail for the control circuit to start it oscillating. This approach is less costly and more efficient than providing a separate linear power supply just to start the regulator circuit. Output swing AC amplifiers can use bootstrapping to increase output swing. A capacitor (usually referred as bootstrap capacitor) is connected from the output of the amplifier to the bias circuit, providing bias voltages that exceed the power supply voltage. Emitter followers can provide rail-to-rail output in this way, which
{"datasets_id": 161696, "wiki_id": "Q286798", "sp": 18, "sc": 315, "ep": 22, "ec": 321}
161,696
Q286798
18
315
22
321
Bootstrapping (electronics)
Output swing & Digital integrated circuits
is a common technique in class AB audio amplifiers. Digital integrated circuits Within an integrated circuit a bootstrap method is used to allow internal address and clock distribution lines to have an increased voltage swing. The bootstrap circuit uses a coupling capacitor, formed from the gate/source capacitance of a transistor, to drive a signal line to slightly greater than the supply voltage.
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 637}
161,697
Q16255358
2
0
6
637
Boys Town Jerusalem
History
Boys Town Jerusalem History Boys Town Jerusalem was founded in 1949 by Rabbi Alexander Linchner (1908–1997), a native of Brooklyn, New York, and son-in-law of Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz. Linchner sought to establish a home for child Holocaust survivors, war refugees, and impoverished immigrants. He was encouraged by his father-in-law, who urged him from his deathbed in 1948 "to do something for the chinuch (education) of children in Israel". Linchner based his educational model on the Torah im Derech Eretz (Torah study combined with work) approach articulated by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch. Initial enrollment was 14 Yemenite Jewish children in a
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 6, "sc": 637, "ep": 6, "ec": 1313}
161,697
Q16255358
6
637
6
1,313
Boys Town Jerusalem
History
refugee camp. In 1953, the school moved into prefab huts in Bayit Vegan. Its current campus opened in 1964. By 1968, enrollment was at 650; by 1985, it had reached 1,000. From its inception, Boys Town Jerusalem continually expanded its academic, vocational, and recreational facilities. During the second half of the 1950s, vocational schools for printing, precision mechanics, and furniture design were opened, and the first high-school class was graduated. In the 1960s, schools of lithography, electronics, and technical education were established. The 1970s saw the opening of the College of Applied Engineering, a computer center, a recreation center, and junior
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 6, "sc": 1313, "ep": 14, "ec": 84}
161,697
Q16255358
6
1,313
14
84
Boys Town Jerusalem
History & Academic curriculum & Judaic studies
high school. The 1980s introduced special programs developed for Russian, Iranian, and Ethiopian immigrant students. The 1990s and 2000s saw the addition of a Torah and Technology Academy, an electronics center, an interdisciplinary Holocaust studies program, and a special program for French immigrants. After Linchner's death in 1997, his son, Rabbi Moshe Linchner, assumed the position of dean, and his grandson, Rabbi Meir Linchner, became rosh yeshiva of the orphanage's yeshiva. Academic curriculum Boys Town Jerusalem operates a three-track academic curriculum consisting of Judaic, academic, and technological studies. Judaic studies The on-site yeshiva is called Tiferet Yerushalayim–S. Daniel Abraham Israel Program.
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 16, "sc": 0, "ep": 18, "ec": 672}
161,697
Q16255358
16
0
18
672
Boys Town Jerusalem
Academic studies
Academic studies Students attend grades 7 through 12 on campus, completing the full academic curriculum mandated by the Israel Ministry of Education. The school also schedules daily, 3-hour tutoring groups to prepare high-school seniors for their Bagrut (matriculation) examinations. In 2012 the school received a special commendation from the Israel Ministry of Education for the large number of students passing the Bagrut examinations in 2010 and 2011. The Ministry noted that 73.5% of Boys Town Jerusalem graduates earned full matriculation certificates, compared to a national average of 50% of high-school students. Boys also engage in community service projects such as camp
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 18, "sc": 672, "ep": 22, "ec": 594}
161,697
Q16255358
18
672
22
594
Boys Town Jerusalem
Academic studies & Scientific and technological training
counseling and assembling home-care equipment. Scientific and technological training Boys Town Jerusalem operates two college-level programs, the Technical Teachers College and the College of Applied Engineering. Students in the latter college have the option to pursue a 2-year or 4-year degree. The College of Applied Engineering was established in 1971 in partnership with the Israel Defense Forces, which makes use of its facilities and graduates. Students receive a 2-year deferment from military service in order to attend the College, and then commit themselves to a minimum 4-year service in the IDF as applied engineers. In the 2000s, the IDF established several
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 22, "sc": 594, "ep": 22, "ec": 1326}
161,697
Q16255358
22
594
22
1,326
Boys Town Jerusalem
Scientific and technological training
specialized programs at the College of Applied Engineering. The Shachak program trains a select group of electronics students for work on technological support teams in the Israel Air Force. The Marom program trains English and mathematics students to be officers in the Israel Ordnance Corps. Courses at the College of Applied Engineering include electronics, computer science, precision mathematics, and computer-aided design and manufacturing. In 2013 a robotics laboratory was installed. This laboratory will also provide training for electronics specialists for the Israel Air Force and Ordnance Corps. Among the products developed by Boys Town Jerusalem engineering students are a hand-held orientation device
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 22, "sc": 1326, "ep": 30, "ec": 328}
161,697
Q16255358
22
1,326
30
328
Boys Town Jerusalem
Scientific and technological training & Other programs & Campus
for the blind and a security system for Israeli settlements. Other programs In 2011, an animal therapy pilot was initiated by request of the Israel Ministry of Education. This project has expanded to accommodate students with emotional issues. The orphanage also offers art therapy, music therapy, psychodrama, and psychotherapy. Campus Located in the Bayit Vegan neighborhood of Jerusalem, the 18-acre Boys Town Jerusalem campus includes 64 classrooms and laboratories, a computer center, 8 synagogues, and 60 parks. In 2011 the school installed rooftop solar panels that generate a total of 40 kilowatts of electricity per hour. The electricity is sold to
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 30, "sc": 328, "ep": 38, "ec": 166}
161,697
Q16255358
30
328
38
166
Boys Town Jerusalem
Campus & Funding & Boys Town Jerusalem Publishers
the Israel Electric Corporation in return for a reduced electricity bill, saving the school 22% of its monthly electricity charges. Funding The Israeli government covers less than half of the institution's annual budget of $10.7 million, with the rest being covered by donations. Boys Town Jerusalem Foundation of America is located in New York City. Other fund-raising branches are located in North Miami Beach, Florida, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Toronto, and London. Boys Town Jerusalem Publishers With the establishment of the school of lithography in 1962, Boys Town Jerusalem opened a publishing division. It produced several translations in its Jewish Classics
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 38, "sc": 166, "ep": 42, "ec": 425}
161,697
Q16255358
38
166
42
425
Boys Town Jerusalem
Boys Town Jerusalem Publishers & Jan Zwartendijk Memorial Award
Series, including Maimonides' Mishneh Torah (The Book of Adoration and The Book of Knowledge), Chovot HaLevavot (Duties of the Heart) by Bahya ibn Paquda a Passover Haggadah, and various reference works. Jan Zwartendijk Memorial Award In 1996, Boys Town Jerusalem inaugurated the Jan Zwartendijk Award for Humanitarian Ethics and Values, named for a non-Jewish Dutch businessman who rescued more than 2,000 Jews during the Holocaust. In the 2000s this award was bestowed on other Holocaust-era rescuers such as Giovanni Palatucci, President Manuel Luis Quezon and the people of the Philippines, and Ho Feng-Shan. Other recipients of the award include Christoph
{"datasets_id": 161697, "wiki_id": "Q16255358", "sp": 42, "sc": 425, "ep": 42, "ec": 570}
161,697
Q16255358
42
425
42
570
Boys Town Jerusalem
Jan Zwartendijk Memorial Award
Meili and Rabbi Arthur Schneier. A memorial garden was established on campus, with the names of annual winners engraved on large marble markers.
{"datasets_id": 161698, "wiki_id": "Q357351", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 491}
161,698
Q357351
2
0
4
491
Branislav Regec
Branislav Regec Branislav Regec (born July 13, 1985 in Poprad) is a Slovak luger who has competed since 2000. His best Luge World Cup season finish was 18th in men's doubles in 2006-07. Regec's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 13th in men's doubles at Lake Placid, New York in 2009. His best finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was 11th in men's doubles at Sigulda in 2010. Regec finished 11th in the men's doubles event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 573}
161,699
Q55605904
2
0
6
573
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site History For the first Protector of Aborigines and the Aboriginal Protection Board, the problem of the large group of Aborigines camping around Brewarrina seemed to be one of the most pressing in the State. In 1882 a census listed 151 Aborigines and 24 half-castes at Brewarrina, many reported to be suffering from venereal diseases and "addicted to the habits of intemperance". In 1885 the Aboriginal Protection Board removed the Aboriginal population to a reserve 2 miles from town but urged the need for a home for Aboriginal people in the area. In 1886 the Aborigines Protection
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 573, "ep": 6, "ec": 1172}
161,699
Q55605904
6
573
6
1,172
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
Association established a mission on a reserve of 5,000 acres, 10 miles east of the town on the opposite bank of the Barwon River. The new Mission did not attract all the Brewarrina people. In 1891 only 41 and in 1897 43 people were recorded as residents of the mission. In 1897 the Board took over the mission from the Protection Association as they were making small contributions to the enterprise of the mission. During the 1920s and 1930s many Aboriginal people were brought in from places such as Tibooburra, Angledool, Collarenebri and Walgett due to other stations were closed down.
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 1172, "ep": 6, "ec": 1791}
161,699
Q55605904
6
1,172
6
1,791
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
(Aboriginal Settlements) Only a few families lived out on the reserve in 1882 and had their homes near the river bank. When Aboriginal people began to arrive or were relocated, the Aboriginal Protection Board built houses from corrugated iron with board or concrete flooring. When the Aborigines from Tibooburra were relocated to Brewarrina mission their houses were made of weatherboard and were located in 2 rows at the back of the mission, next to another 2 rows of houses for the Angledool people. The Mission Church was built by Duncan Ferguson from bush timber and corrugated roofing iron with an earthen
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 1791, "ep": 6, "ec": 2444}
161,699
Q55605904
6
1,791
6
2,444
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
floor. The church was used for Sunday school and funerals. In the early period the Mission contained a Managers House, Butchers Shop, School, Church, small treatment-room and hall. The school never had proper teachers, and classes were taught by either the mission manager, mission managers wife, the clinic sister or even the bookkeeper. Mission schools only had to teach to the standard Grade three. The Education Department maintained a one-teacher school in 1965. There was a girls dormitory at the Brewarrina Mission. Once girls reached the age of 13 or 14 the Aboriginal Protection Board would remove the girls from their families
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 2444, "ep": 6, "ec": 3052}
161,699
Q55605904
6
2,444
6
3,052
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
to house them at the dormitory. Here they were taught how to become maids and then sent out to stations to work. The Mission had a number of Station Managers, and the Managers house was referred to as the "Big House". On the arrival of a new Mission Manager, the families were allowed to make a garden to grow their own vegetables and fruit. These included turnips, onions, cabbages, tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries and carrots. Everyone was required to grow orange trees, lemon trees and mandarin trees. And some stone fruit trees peaches, apricots and plums. The last Mission Manager was William
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 3052, "ep": 6, "ec": 3592}
161,699
Q55605904
6
3,052
6
3,592
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
Hopkins who died in December 1900. His grave site is within the Brewarrina Mission Cemetery. The Aboriginal people were required to wash in sheep dip. Every morning each child was required to go to the Clinic to get pink eye drops and cod liver oil. A small lump of hard soap was allocated once a month. Twice a week meat rations were supplied from the butchers shop, the first would consist of enough to feed a family chops, lump of fat or kidney with fat, piece of liver and half a neck. The other would consist of 2 shanks and a
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 3592, "ep": 6, "ec": 4168}
161,699
Q55605904
6
3,592
6
4,168
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History
kidney to feed for a week. On ration day once a fortnight a supply of vegetables such as potatoes, onions, sugar, tea leaves, rice, flour, salt, pepper, syrup and half a bar of soap. If the Mission Manager felt that anyone was making trouble on the station, everyone in that family had their rations reduced. To obtain more food, many Aboriginal peoples would fish in the Barwon River and gather mussels. Water was pumped up from the Barwon River and reticulated to the houses but only some of them had taps inside the dwellings. Most had outside coppers and tubs for
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 6, "sc": 4168, "ep": 10, "ec": 161}
161,699
Q55605904
6
4,168
10
161
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
History & Description
washing and bathing and only 2 had bathrooms . The reserve was reduced from 4,638 acres to 638 acres in 1953 and only a few acres of this were used in 1965 for the station buildings and a small cemetery. In November 1965 11 small cottages and a school, a garage, a small treatment room, a hall, and the managers house and office remained. The last burial at the cemetery was in 1971. Description Today there are no buildings standing. The cemetery is located within a large pasture and is enclosed by a fence which is need of repair. There are approximately
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 10, "sc": 161, "ep": 10, "ec": 806}
161,699
Q55605904
10
161
10
806
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Description
90 graves with 50 of those being marked by wooden crosses and headstones. Near the cemetery there are 2 small burial sites which were recently done in a reburial ceremony of returned ancestral remains. Over the old mission area, approximately 16 small interpretation panels are scattered, providing information as to what was once there. Remains of the rehabilitation centre are also on the site, including the concrete slab. The community would like to further improve the condition of the cemetery as it is need of urgent repair. The community would also like to further enhance the interpretation signage to include a driving
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 10, "sc": 806, "ep": 14, "ec": 441}
161,699
Q55605904
10
806
14
441
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Description & Heritage listing
trail around the signs to enable better viewing. The rehabilitation centre, which is now demolished, needs to be cleaned up and possibly a new shed could be built on the existing concrete slab. Heritage listing The Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission was the oldest institutional-type community in the state that was still managed in 1965. Brewarrina Mission was the first institution formally established by the Aborigines Protection Board as part of its policy to segregate Aboriginal people. Over the years, the Brewarrina Mission was used to house other Aboriginal people from Tibooburra, Angledool, Goodooga and Culgoa to form the reserve which operated
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 441, "ep": 14, "ec": 1076}
161,699
Q55605904
14
441
14
1,076
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
between 1886 - 1966 and was one of the longest running reserve stations in NSW. During the reserve period many Aboriginal people died and were buried in the reserve cemetery. The cemetery is no longer used by the community its integrity is held high within the values of the Aboriginal people. The entire site of Brewarrina Mission including its cemetery is a significant place to the many Aboriginal tribes including Ngemba and Murrawarri tribe as a "place of belonging". The place retains its high integrity in its cultural, spiritual, social and historical values to many Aboriginal people across NSW. Brewarrina Aboriginal
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 1076, "ep": 14, "ec": 1770}
161,699
Q55605904
14
1,076
14
1,770
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
Mission Site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 July 2006 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. The Brewarrina Mission is the oldest institutional type community in the state. It is associated with the significant historical phase as being the first institution formally established by the Aboriginal Protection Board in 1886. While there are no remaining buildings left, the original cemetery remains within the mission site which maintains the continuity of the historical activity of an Aboriginal settlement. The place
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 1770, "ep": 14, "ec": 2386}
161,699
Q55605904
14
1,770
14
2,386
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history. The site of the Brewarrina mission and the cemetery is evidence of the occupation of Aboriginal people. The station was the oldest institutional-type community in the State that was still managed as such in 1965. Established in 1886, Aboriginal people were relocated 10 miles east of the town on the opposite bank of the Barwon River. The mission is associated with the removal of many Aboriginal people from their "homes" from as far as Tibooburra, Angledool,
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 2386, "ep": 14, "ec": 3029}
161,699
Q55605904
14
2,386
14
3,029
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
Walgett, Goodooga and Collenanebri and relocating them to the Brewarrina Mission during the 1930s. The girls dormitory was also significant as it was utilised by the Aboriginal Protection Board to house young girls who were forcibly removed from their families to be educated in domestic work and then sent out in NSW to work. The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Brewarrina Mission has a strong and special association for many Aboriginal people for its historical, social and cultural values and is a place of
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 3029, "ep": 14, "ec": 3704}
161,699
Q55605904
14
3,029
14
3,704
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
belonging to those of the Ngemba and Murwarri tribes. While many Aboriginal people were removed from their traditional home lands and forcibly removed to the Mission, Brewarrina Mission remains an important part to the community's sense of place. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. Brewarrina Mission is highly significant to many Aboriginal people within NSW to their cultural heritage values. The area is able to demonstrate the principal characteristics of the many Aboriginal people who lived at the mission during 1889 - 1966. Being the site of
{"datasets_id": 161699, "wiki_id": "Q55605904", "sp": 14, "sc": 3704, "ep": 14, "ec": 4027}
161,699
Q55605904
14
3,704
14
4,027
Brewarrina Aboriginal Mission Site
Heritage listing
the first Aboriginal Protection Board institutionised community the area has the attributes to demonstrate the way of life and customs of those who lived and died on the Mission. Although there are no physical buildings remaining, the original cemetery is all that remains and it is maintained by members of the community.
{"datasets_id": 161700, "wiki_id": "Q222686", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 614}
161,700
Q222686
2
0
6
614
Brno Circuit
Original circuits
Brno Circuit Original circuits The original layout ran anti-clockwise on approximately 29 km (18 mi) of public roads west of Brno, including the villages of Bosonohy and Žebětín. From 1930 to 1937, the Masaryk Grand Prix attracted some of the top drivers and teams. The renamed Czechoslovakian Grand Prix in 1949 was run clockwise on a shorter 17.8 km (11.1 mi) layout around Kohoutovice. In spite of a crowd in excess of 400,000 people, this would be the last Grand Prix for cars on the old circuit. Beginning in 1950, the circuit played host to the Czechoslovakian motorcycle Grand Prix, which became a world championship event
{"datasets_id": 161700, "wiki_id": "Q222686", "sp": 6, "sc": 614, "ep": 10, "ec": 330}
161,700
Q222686
6
614
10
330
Brno Circuit
Original circuits & Modern circuit
from 1965 to 1982. The circuit had been again reduced in length to 13.94 km (8.66 mi) in 1964. The European Touring Car series visited in the 1980s, by which time the circuit had been finally reduced to 10.92 km (6.79 mi) in 1975. Modern circuit The current permanent road racing circuit was opened in 1987. It lies north of Kyvalka, within the bounds of the circuit used in the 1930s, but not incorporating any of the public roads. The motorcycle race moved to the new circuit and regained its status as a round of the world championship. A World Sports Car Championship race
{"datasets_id": 161700, "wiki_id": "Q222686", "sp": 10, "sc": 330, "ep": 10, "ec": 477}
161,700
Q222686
10
330
10
477
Brno Circuit
Modern circuit
was held in 1988, and a round of the A1 Grand Prix series in 2006. It is also the location of the 24H Epilog of Brno (previously 6 Hours of Brno).
{"datasets_id": 161701, "wiki_id": "Q4975727", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 650}
161,701
Q4975727
2
0
4
650
Brothers' Circle
Brothers' Circle The Brothers' Circle or Bratski Krug (Russian: Братский круг) [Criminal slang] (formerly known as Family of Eleven and The Twenty) is the name given to an international criminal group involved in drug trafficking. U.S. Department for Treasury officials suggest that it operates in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and the United States, and has allegedly been controlled by Vladislav Leontyev, a Russian man from Nizhny Novgorod. In 2011 the group was named by the Obama administration of the United States in the 'Strategy on Combating Transnational Organized Crime', defining them as "A multiethnic criminal group composed of leaders
{"datasets_id": 161701, "wiki_id": "Q4975727", "sp": 4, "sc": 650, "ep": 8, "ec": 330}
161,701
Q4975727
4
650
8
330
Brothers' Circle
Debate over existence
and senior members of several criminal organizations largely based in countries of Europe. Many Brothers' Circle's members share a common ideology based on the thief in law tradition, which seeks to spread their brand of criminal influence around the world." Debate over existence Mark Galeotti, an expert on Eurasian security has stated that: "I have not found anyone in Russian law enforcement or elsewhere who actually says 'yes, the Brothers' Circle is an organization and it exists. As such the label Brothers' Circle could be seen as an attempt to connect disparate criminal gangs." In June 2012, with the
{"datasets_id": 161701, "wiki_id": "Q4975727", "sp": 8, "sc": 330, "ep": 8, "ec": 551}
161,701
Q4975727
8
330
8
551
Brothers' Circle
Debate over existence
designation of five more kingpins, Galeotti restated his opinion that the Brothers' Circle did not exist as a specific gang, but noted that the sanctions were in fact targeting members of Aslan Usoyan's criminal network.
{"datasets_id": 161702, "wiki_id": "Q1897450", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 319}
161,702
Q1897450
2
0
10
319
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Geography & Demographics
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93 km²); 36.0 square miles (93 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) of it (0.44%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 248 people, 99 households, and 75 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.9 people per square mile (2.7/km²). There were 105 housing units at an average density of 2.9/sq mi (1.1/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 99.19% White, and 0.81% from two
{"datasets_id": 161702, "wiki_id": "Q1897450", "sp": 10, "sc": 319, "ep": 10, "ec": 887}
161,702
Q1897450
10
319
10
887
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Demographics
or more races. There were 99 households out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.7% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.88. In the township the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44,
{"datasets_id": 161702, "wiki_id": "Q1897450", "sp": 10, "sc": 887, "ep": 10, "ec": 1428}
161,702
Q1897450
10
887
10
1,428
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Demographics
20.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.0 males. The median income for a household in the township was $42,188, and the median income for a family was $44,286. Males had a median income of $32,292 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,577. About 6.3% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of
{"datasets_id": 161702, "wiki_id": "Q1897450", "sp": 10, "sc": 1428, "ep": 10, "ec": 1499}
161,702
Q1897450
10
1,428
10
1,499
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Demographics
those under the age of eighteen and 10.4% of those sixty five or over.
{"datasets_id": 161703, "wiki_id": "Q51120268", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 149}
161,703
Q51120268
2
0
8
149
C. Maxx Stevens
Background
C. Maxx Stevens C. Maxx Stevens (born 1951) is an installation artist from the Seminole/Mvskoke Nation of Oklahoma. She often uses found objects and ephemera in her work which is centered on the concept of memories and stories. Stevens’ work has been described as “gritty and “both haunting and familiar” and prior installations have focused on the contemporary Native American experience such as the harmful effects of diabetes in Native American communities. Background She earned an associate’s degree from Haskell Indian Junior College, a Bachelor of Arts from Wichita State University, and a Master of Fine Arts from
{"datasets_id": 161703, "wiki_id": "Q51120268", "sp": 8, "sc": 149, "ep": 8, "ec": 517}
161,703
Q51120268
8
149
8
517
C. Maxx Stevens
Background
Indiana University. Stevens was the Academic Dean in the Center for Arts and Cultural Studies at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico from 2002 to 2005. She is an Assistant Professor of Art at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado where she also serves as Foundation Arts Director for the Art and Art History Department.
{"datasets_id": 161704, "wiki_id": "Q5022333", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 40}
161,704
Q5022333
2
0
6
40
Calliostoma funiculare
Distribution
Calliostoma funiculare Distribution This species occurs in the Persian Gulf.
{"datasets_id": 161705, "wiki_id": "Q5028029", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 97}
161,705
Q5028029
2
0
4
97
Campbell Corner, Caroline County, Virginia
Campbell Corner, Caroline County, Virginia Campbell Corner is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
{"datasets_id": 161706, "wiki_id": "Q1031251", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 225}
161,706
Q1031251
2
0
4
225
Campingkirche
Campingkirche Campingkirche is a German term for church service during summer holiday. The Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches in Germany offer spiritual guidance and church services on campsites. Some have existed for more than 30 years.