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{"datasets_id": 161230, "wiki_id": "Q17139360", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 634} | 161,230 | Q17139360 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 634 | People's Congress Party | People's Congress Party The People's Congress Party is a political party in Solomon Islands. It was founded by outgoing deputy Prime Minister Fred Fono during the campaign for the 2010 general election.
Upon first announcing the priorities of the party, Fono stated its focus would be on "anti-corruption measures, such as reforming the controversial rural constituency development funds, and on creating jobs for Solomon Islanders". During the campaign, he said that it would "treat infrastructure as its priority", such as the development of roads in the country. He pointed to his own Central Kwara'ae constituency, arguing that he had achieved an |
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{"datasets_id": 161230, "wiki_id": "Q17139360", "sp": 4, "sc": 634, "ep": 4, "ec": 1245} | 161,230 | Q17139360 | 4 | 634 | 4 | 1,245 | People's Congress Party | improvement in water supplies and health care services. The party would also "create incentives to stimulate economic activities in the rural areas", with an aim to "double the export of cocoa, copra, fish and sawn timber". On the debate over the possibility of creating reserved seats for women in Parliament, he stated that they were unnecessary, and that parties should, instead, field women candidates so as to bring them into the political mainstream; he pointed out that his party would be fielding six women candidates in the election. However, he said he would support a maximum of four reserved seats, |
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{"datasets_id": 161230, "wiki_id": "Q17139360", "sp": 4, "sc": 1245, "ep": 4, "ec": 1315} | 161,230 | Q17139360 | 4 | 1,245 | 4 | 1,315 | People's Congress Party | if women standing against men were unsuccessful in the 2010 election. |
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{"datasets_id": 161231, "wiki_id": "Q7169069", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 457} | 161,231 | Q7169069 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 457 | Perkinsea | Taxonomy | Perkinsea Taxonomy Perkinsus is a genus in the class Perkinsea that is a parasite of bivalve molluscs; it displays a number of features characteristic of the dinoflagellates including laterally inserted heterodynamic flagella. However, it has been settled that Perkinsus does not belong into the phyla dinoflagellata, but rather into the phylum Perkinsozoa.
Two other genera have been described in this class — Cryptophagus (now renamed Rastrimonas) and Parvilucifera. |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 641} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 641 | Pfungstadt Railway | History | Pfungstadt Railway History The Pfungstadt industrialists Wilhelm Büchner (who made ultramarine fabric) and Justus Hildebrand (who owned the Pfungstadt brewery) had advocated for the construction of the line since the mid-19th century. Various alternative routes were considered, as well as a possible extension on a curve to Bickenbach, which was rejected for cost reasons. The project was discussed for 22 years from 1864. The line was finally built by the State Railways of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzoglich Hessischen Staatseisenbahnen). The Main-Neckar Railway was not chosen to build it because it was then still a Kondominalbahn (condominium railway) that |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 6, "sc": 641, "ep": 6, "ec": 1280} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 6 | 641 | 6 | 1,280 | Pfungstadt Railway | History | was owned by several states and had its own administration.
The line was opened as a Secundärbahn (secondary railway) on 20 December 1886 and Pfungstadt was incorporated as a municipality at the same time. The line proved to be an economic success for both the railway company and the industrial area. It was Deutsche Reichsbahn's shortest timetable route. The siding to the site of the ultramarine fabric factory, which was built with the railway, was dismantled in the 1930s.
Deutsche Bundesbahn abandoned passenger services on 30 April 1955, but freight traffic (mainly wood and sugar beet) continued to 31 May 1997. At |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 6, "sc": 1280, "ep": 10, "ec": 487} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 6 | 1,280 | 10 | 487 | Pfungstadt Railway | History & Construction | the end of the decline of the sugar beet traffic in the early 1990s, this was little traffic. The last timetable number for the passenger service before traffic ended was 315d. Construction The Darmstadt-Dieburger Nahverkehrsorganisation (Darmstadt-Dieburg local transport organisation, Dadina for short) decided that it would put the disused line back into service and integrate it into the Odenwald Railway. Initially scheduled for competition in December 2007, the reactivation was delayed due to necessary signalling changes at Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof and difficulties with a level crossing in Pfungstadt. The same level crossing, which is located just before the end of the |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 10, "sc": 487, "ep": 10, "ec": 1104} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 10 | 487 | 10 | 1,104 | Pfungstadt Railway | Construction | line, was restored and not—as appeared likely in the meantime—replaced by an underpass or made unnecessary by shortening the line. The costs for reactivating the line were borne by the Federal Government and the state of Hesse. The total cost was valued at €7 million, of which €4.2 million was spent on the laying out of the 1.8 km-long track, which was organised by DB Netz. The annual operating cost, which is estimated to amount to €900,000, is shared by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (Rhine-Main transport association, RMV) and Dadina. The line was commissioned at the 2011/2012 timetable change on 11 December |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 10, "sc": 1104, "ep": 14, "ec": 607} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 10 | 1,104 | 14 | 607 | Pfungstadt Railway | Construction & Operating program | 2011. Operating program The route is operated by the railway company VIAS, the operator of the Odenwald Railway, which begins in Darmstadt. Every second train of the Odenwald Railway that arrives at Darmstadt Hauptbahhnof, continues to Pfungstadt. However, these have to stay in Darmstadt for about 20 minutes before continuing. There are intermediate services that only shuttle between Darmstadt and Pfungstadt. The two lines are shown separately in the timetable: while the Odenwald Railway service is operated as RMV line 65 (RB 65), the Pfungstadt Railway service has been given the number 66. The line is listed as route 650.1 |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 14, "sc": 607, "ep": 18, "ec": 173} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 14 | 607 | 18 | 173 | Pfungstadt Railway | Operating program & Pfungstadt station | in the Deutsche Bahn timetable.
The journey to Pfungstadt takes 12 minutes with stops in Darmstadt Süd and Darmstadt-Eberstadt.
An order for four more diesel multiple units for the Odenwald Railway, placed by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund in November 2007, provided an additional Itino set for the extension to Pfungstadt.
The Pro Bahn association criticised the thin service on the weekend and the early last service in the evening as being a "half-hearted offer". Pfungstadt station Pfungstadt station was opened at the same time as the railway. This was taken by Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse-Darmstadt as an opportunity to give Pfungstadt town privileges. |
{"datasets_id": 161232, "wiki_id": "Q1170743", "sp": 18, "sc": 173, "ep": 18, "ec": 587} | 161,232 | Q1170743 | 18 | 173 | 18 | 587 | Pfungstadt Railway | Pfungstadt station | The original station building has been demolished. A new, simply-equipped station with a 140 metre-long platform was built on the foundations of the historic station for the reactivation. Access for local traffic is provided by a terminal loop and a park and ride parking area. Of the total costs of €2.8 million, the state of Hesse assumed €170,000 and the rest was shared by the town and the federal government. |
{"datasets_id": 161233, "wiki_id": "Q1399119", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 613} | 161,233 | Q1399119 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 613 | Pierre Boutroux | Biography | Pierre Boutroux Biography He was born in Paris on 6 December 1880 into a well connected family of the French intelligentsia. His father was the philosopher Émile Boutroux. His mother was Aline Catherine Eugénie Poincaré, sister of the scientist and mathematician Henri Poincaré. A cousin of Aline, Raymond Poincaré was to be President of France.
He occupied the mathematics chair at Princeton University from 1913 until 1914. He occupied the History of sciences chair from 1920 to 1922.
Boutroux published his major work Les principes de l'analyse mathématique in two volumes; Volume 1 in 1914 and Volume 2 in 1919. This is |
{"datasets_id": 161233, "wiki_id": "Q1399119", "sp": 6, "sc": 613, "ep": 6, "ec": 843} | 161,233 | Q1399119 | 6 | 613 | 6 | 843 | Pierre Boutroux | Biography | a comprehensive view of the whole field of mathematics at the time.
He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1904 at Heidelberg, in 1908 at Rome, and in 1920 at Strasbourg.
He died on 15 August 1922, aged 41 years. |
{"datasets_id": 161234, "wiki_id": "Q2102663", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 266} | 161,234 | Q2102663 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 266 | Piet Soudyn | Piet Soudyn Petrus Marie ("Piet") Soudyn (March 3, 1880 – September 18, 1946) was a Dutch track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
He was born and died in Rotterdam.
In 1908 he was eliminated in the first round of the 10 mile walk event. |
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{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 643} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 643 | Pregnancy discrimination | United States | Pregnancy discrimination United States In the United States, since 1978, employers are legally bound to provide the same insurance, leave pay, and additional support that would be bestowed upon any employee with medical leave or disability. This only applies to companies with 15 or more employees (including part-time and temporary workers).
With more than 70% of women with children in the work force, pregnancy discrimination is the fastest growing type of discrimination in the U.S., and in 2006 represented approximately 6.5% of all discrimination claims filed. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission mediates claims between employees and employers. In 2006, |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 6, "sc": 643, "ep": 10, "ec": 543} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 6 | 643 | 10 | 543 | Pregnancy discrimination | United States & Legislation | the EEOC handled 4,901 claims with an eventual monetary pay-out by various organizations totaling $10.4 million. Legislation In 1978, the U.S. Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (P.L. 95-555), an amendment to the sex discrimination section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
In 2002, California's Paid Family Leave (PFL) insurance program, also known as the Family Temporary Disability Insurance (FTDI) program, extended unemployment disability compensation to cover individuals who take time off work to bond with a new minor child. PFL covers employees who take time off to bond with their own child or their registered domestic partner's child, |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 10, "sc": 543, "ep": 10, "ec": 1239} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 10 | 543 | 10 | 1,239 | Pregnancy discrimination | Legislation | or a child placed for adoption or foster-care with them or their domestic partner.
Various U.S. cities have passed additional laws to protect pregnant workers. In 2014, New York City enacted the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act which requires employers offer reasonable accommodations "to the needs of an employee for her pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical condition that will allow the employee to perform the essential requisites of the job". Also in 2014, Philadelphia amended an ordinance which actually compels employers to make reasonable workplace accommodations for female employees "affected by pregnancy" meaning pregnant women or women who have medical conditions relating |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 10, "sc": 1239, "ep": 14, "ec": 40} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 10 | 1,239 | 14 | 40 | Pregnancy discrimination | Legislation & Historical perspective | to pregnancy or childbirth. Philadelphia's revised ordinance identifies several possible required accommodations, including restroom breaks, periodic rest for those whose jobs require that they stand for long periods of time, special assistance with manual labor, leave for a period of disability arising from childbirth, reassignment to a vacant position, and job restructuring. In 2015, the Washington D.C. passed the Protecting Pregnant Workers Fairness Act of 2014 which is effective March 3, 2015. In 2018 Massachusetts did the same, with the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act going into effect on April 1, 2018. Historical perspective The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 14, "sc": 40, "ep": 14, "ec": 634} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 14 | 40 | 14 | 634 | Pregnancy discrimination | Historical perspective | and Family and Medical Leave Act are rooted in several major court decisions leading up to them.
In the 1908 case Muller v. Oregon the Supreme Court upheld a decision limiting women to 10-hour workdays based on the idea that "performance of maternal functions" made women inherently incapable of the same work that men did. In the 1950s and 1960s laws in several states prohibited women from working and banned their hiring for some length of time before and after delivery. In 1971 Reed v. Reed became the first Supreme Court decision to invoke the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 14, "sc": 634, "ep": 14, "ec": 1260} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 14 | 634 | 14 | 1,260 | Pregnancy discrimination | Historical perspective | Amendment to protect women from discrimination on the basis of sex.
In 1970 and 1971 the rights of pregnant schoolteachers were called into question. Many schoolteachers were forced to take unpaid maternity leaves around the fourth to sixth month of pregnancy for the reasons that it was potentially dangerous for the mother or child if the woman continued to work, she might not be able to focus on teaching, and students would be distracted by the visible signs of pregnancy. In 1974 in Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur, the Supreme Court declared mandatory unpaid leave policies unconstitutional. This was a |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 14, "sc": 1260, "ep": 14, "ec": 1935} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 14 | 1,260 | 14 | 1,935 | Pregnancy discrimination | Historical perspective | big step towards gaining equal rights for women in the workforce.
Two other major cases in the 1970s appear to be directly responsible for the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. The first, Geduldig v. Aiello (1974), ruled that the exclusion of medical benefits for pregnant women in California by the California State Disability Insurance program was non-discriminatory.
While it is true that only women can become pregnant ... the [California State Disability Insurance] program divides potential recipients into two groups- pregnant women and nonpregnant persons. While the first group is exclusively female, the second group includes members of both sexes. |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 14, "sc": 1935, "ep": 14, "ec": 2622} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 14 | 1,935 | 14 | 2,622 | Pregnancy discrimination | Historical perspective | The fiscal and actuarial benefits of the program thus accrue to members of both sexes.
In 1976 General Electric v. Gilbert, 429 U.S. 125, set a similar precedent for private insurance through an employer. The uproar from these two decisions appears to have directly fueled the creation of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act by Congress.
In 2009 the Supreme Court again addressed pregnancy discrimination with their ruling in AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen that held that maternity leave taken before the passage of the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act cannot be considered in calculating employee pension benefits, therefore essentially implying that the Pregnancy Discrimination |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 14, "sc": 2622, "ep": 18, "ec": 536} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 14 | 2,622 | 18 | 536 | Pregnancy discrimination | Historical perspective & European Union | Act is not retroactive.
In 2014, a bill was passed in hopes of preventing discrimination. It has yet to become a federal law. European Union The European Union regards less favourable treatment on grounds of pregnancy as unlawful, and the same thing as discrimination on grounds of sex (contrasting to the American case of Geduldig v. Aiello and consistent with the American approach in the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978).
The European Court of Justice decided in Dekker v Stichting Vormingscentrum Voor Jonge Volwassen (VJV-Centrum) Plus that pregnancy discrimination was sex discrimination without any requirement for comparing this unfavourable treatment to a |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 18, "sc": 536, "ep": 18, "ec": 1099} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 18 | 536 | 18 | 1,099 | Pregnancy discrimination | European Union | man. It reaffirmed this position in Webb v EMO Air Cargo (No 2) where a woman had been dismissed because she had attempted to take pregnancy leave, but had not disclosed this to her employer when hired. As well as a dismissal, a failure to renew a fixed term contract may also be discrimination. Furthermore, during any period of pregnancy or maternity leave there may be no detriment or dismissal in connection with a period of sickness. A woman is also allowed to shorten her maternity leave and return to work when she becomes pregnant again to get the second |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 18, "sc": 1099, "ep": 22, "ec": 97} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 18 | 1,099 | 22 | 97 | Pregnancy discrimination | European Union & Canada | period of pregnancy, even though she is not fully able to carry out all her normal job functions.
It is also clear that women who are pregnant are protected at job interviews. In the Tele Danmark case a woman was held not to be at fault for not telling an employer she was pregnant while being interviewed for a job, despite knowing she was pregnant. However, a study published in The Netherlands is 2016 showed that 43% of active women experienced discrimination related to pregnancy of motherhood. Canada In Canada, pregnancy discrimination is considered a violation of sex-discrimination laws and will |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 22, "sc": 97, "ep": 30, "ec": 520} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 22 | 97 | 30 | 520 | Pregnancy discrimination | Canada & Other & Japan | be treated as such. Other Mexico and Japan have laws to combat pregnancy discrimination. Japan In Japan, Labor Standards Act (Act No. 49 of 1947) provides that an employer must provide an expectant mother worker with maternity leave for 6 weeks (14 weeks for multiple pregnancy beyond twins) before her child birth and 8 weeks after the child birth.
Article 9 of Equal Employment Opportunity Act between Men and Women (Act No. 113 of July 1, 1972) prohibits unequal employment condition for the reasons of marriage, pregnancy, maternity leave provided in Article 65 of Labor Standards Act and other reasons |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 30, "sc": 520, "ep": 30, "ec": 1162} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 30 | 520 | 30 | 1,162 | Pregnancy discrimination | Japan | related childbirth. These unequal employment conditions includes retirement, dismissal.
In addition, Act on the Welfare of Workers Who Take Care of Children or Other Family Members Including Child Care and Family Care Leave (Act No. 76 of 1991) provides that employees has the right to take unpaid child care leave for one year, and Article 10 prohibits for an employer to dismiss or disadvantageously treat a worker who have taken or is about to take Child Care Leave. as
Although Maternity Leave and Child Care Leave are basically unpaid leave, Basic Childcare Leave Benefits are provided based on Employment Insurance Act |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 30, "sc": 1162, "ep": 34, "ec": 294} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 30 | 1,162 | 34 | 294 | Pregnancy discrimination | Japan & Hong Kong | during Child Care Leave and Maternity Allowance and Lump-sum Childbirth Allowance are given based on Health Insurance Act (Act No.70 of 1922). Basic Childcare Leave Benefit is 50% of the employee's wage, and Maternity Allowance is two thirds of the wage. As of 2013, Lump-sum Childcare allowance is ¥420,000 (US$4,075). Hong Kong In Hong Kong, it is a criminal offence if an employer discriminates against a pregnant employee if the employee has been hired under a continuous contract. An employer who contravenes this can be liable to prosecution and, on conviction, fined HK$100,000. The employer would also be required to |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 34, "sc": 294, "ep": 38, "ec": 262} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 34 | 294 | 38 | 262 | Pregnancy discrimination | Hong Kong & Taiwan | pay the employee's wages in lieu of notice, a further sum equivalent to one month's wages as compensation, and 10-weeks' maternity leave pay. Pregnant workers who feel they have been discriminated against because of their pregnancy are also protected by the Sex Discrimination Ordinance. Despite the law, women may still feel pressured to leave the workforce due to stress. Taiwan In Taiwan, pregnancy discrimination is considered a violation of sex-discrimination laws and are treated as such if an employer is found guilty. Despite the laws, discrimination against women and especially pregnant women is common place as it is rarely reported |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 38, "sc": 262, "ep": 42, "ec": 558} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 38 | 262 | 42 | 558 | Pregnancy discrimination | Taiwan & Cambodia | and discrimination is tolerated. Cambodia Discrimination of pregnant women is the main issue in Cambodia's garment industry. They were misunderstood with lower efficiency, frequent toilet breaks and maternity leave. According to one of the Cambodian female worker "It doesn't matter whether you are pregnant or not – whether you are sick or not – you have to sit and work. If you take a break, the work piles up on the machine and the supervisor will come and shout. And if a pregnant worker is seen working "slowly" then her contract will not be renewed."
Pregnant women are forced to either |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 42, "sc": 558, "ep": 42, "ec": 1143} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 42 | 558 | 42 | 1,143 | Pregnancy discrimination | Cambodia | leave the factory or go for an abortion. In Cambodia abortion was legalized in 1997, yet 9 out of 10 Cambodian women believed that this action is illegal and undergo this process through unsafe clinics. According to the "Women's Health Cambodia", more than 90% of garment workers did not know abortion was legal and 18% out of 900 garment workers had an abortion. Almost 75% of the women do not know where to seek for a safe abortion as there were little information provided to them.
In Cambodia, there are laws that provide pregnant women three months of maternity leave and |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 42, "sc": 1143, "ep": 46, "ec": 293} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 42 | 1,143 | 46 | 293 | Pregnancy discrimination | Cambodia & Australia | maternity pay if the worker has worked for a year or longer. Most of the workers were given a fixed duration contract (FDC) with a 6 month contract period. Often the FDC of pregnant women are shortened as factories do not want to provide extra cost of maternity pays or any other health care. Australia Australia has tried to combat the issues of pregnancy discrimination in their workforce. After The United Nations created the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1981, Australia signed in agreement on August 17, 1983. Australia also passed the |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 46, "sc": 293, "ep": 46, "ec": 944} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 46 | 293 | 46 | 944 | Pregnancy discrimination | Australia | Sexual Discrimination act of 1984 to help eliminate discrimination in the workplace based on many things including pregnancy discrimination. This legislation doesn't allow or permit the right to base hiring and firing practices on pregnancy or the chance of pregnancy. The Sexual Discrimination Act also states, "It is unlawful to refuse the requests to accommodate a pregnant employee. It is also unlawful to accept the request, but take too long to accommodate those needs"
However, it is reported despite the Sexual Discrimination Act of 1984 there are still many cases of work related discrimination based on pregnancy. Nearly one in two |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 46, "sc": 944, "ep": 46, "ec": 1557} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 46 | 944 | 46 | 1,557 | Pregnancy discrimination | Australia | women (49%) surveyed by the AHRC reported experiencing pregnancy-related discrimination at work (AHRC, 2014: 26). Australia's government is having a hard time enforcing the Sexual Discrimination Act because employers are arguing that there is no way to prove their actions are based on the pregnancy of their female employees or interviewees. Women have a hard time in court proving that the discrimination was based on pregnancy. Employers can base their choice to pass on a candidate by saying that the women won't be able to perform certain tasks entailed in the job. This action has a hard time being refuted |
{"datasets_id": 161235, "wiki_id": "Q7239889", "sp": 46, "sc": 1557, "ep": 46, "ec": 1693} | 161,235 | Q7239889 | 46 | 1,557 | 46 | 1,693 | Pregnancy discrimination | Australia | in court because employers can say there was another candidate that was more capable of the tasks and has nothing to do with pregnancy. |
{"datasets_id": 161236, "wiki_id": "Q60746489", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 639} | 161,236 | Q60746489 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 639 | Public Interest Legal Foundation | Public Interest Legal Foundation The Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) is an American 501(c)(3) charity based in Indianapolis, Indiana focused on "election integrity" in the United States. The nonprofit was constituted in 2012 to “assist states and others” to fight “lawlessness" in American elections. They assert that "large numbers of ineligible aliens are registering to vote and casting ballots", although lists that they have displayed of such supposed voters prove to actually include American natives who are eligible voters. PILF said theirs lists had been based on state government lists of declared “non-citizens” removed from local voter rolls. Some U.S. |
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{"datasets_id": 161236, "wiki_id": "Q60746489", "sp": 4, "sc": 639, "ep": 4, "ec": 1320} | 161,236 | Q60746489 | 4 | 639 | 4 | 1,320 | Public Interest Legal Foundation | citizens were wrongfully purged in the process.
The organization's current president and general counsel, J. Christian Adams, is a New York Times best-selling author and former attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice. Adams was named in July 2017 to serve on President Donald Trump’s Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity. Adams has claimed that voting fraud is rampant in the election system. This contradicts the findings of academic studies and electoral experts, who have found that electoral fraud is extraordinarily rare. PILF has sent mailings to hundreds of counties claiming that their voting rolls are provably corrupt; Politifact has judged |
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{"datasets_id": 161236, "wiki_id": "Q60746489", "sp": 4, "sc": 1320, "ep": 4, "ec": 1970} | 161,236 | Q60746489 | 4 | 1,320 | 4 | 1,970 | Public Interest Legal Foundation | these claims to be "false".
PILF primarily litigates federal claims concerning the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) (52 U.S.C. §§ 20501–20511) and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 52 U.S.C. § 10101. The group promotes active or former involvement in cases in Texas, North Carolina, Florida, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Nevada, Virginia, Kanas, D.C., and Mississippi. PILF has also participated as a primary party or intervenor in the U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The organization also submits amicus curiae briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court on |
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{"datasets_id": 161236, "wiki_id": "Q60746489", "sp": 4, "sc": 1970, "ep": 4, "ec": 1995} | 161,236 | Q60746489 | 4 | 1,970 | 4 | 1,995 | Public Interest Legal Foundation | election-related issues. |
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{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 682} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 682 | Quantitative psychology | History | Quantitative psychology History Quantitative psychology has its roots in early experimental psychology when, in the nineteenth century, the scientific method was first systematically applied to psychological phenomena. Notable contributions included E. H. Weber's studies of tactile sensitivity (1930s), Fechner's development and use of the psychophysical methods (1850-1860), and Helmholtz's research on vision and audition beginning after 1850. Wilhelm Wundt is often called the "founder of experimental psychology", because he called himself a psychologist and opened a psychological laboratory in 1879 where many researchers came to study. The work of these and many others helped put to rest the assertion, by |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 6, "sc": 682, "ep": 10, "ec": 501} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 6 | 682 | 10 | 501 | Quantitative psychology | History & Intelligence testing | theorists such as Immanuel Kant, that psychology could not become a science because precise experiments on the human mind were impossible. Intelligence testing Intelligence testing has long been an important branch of quantitative psychology. The nineteenth-century English statistician Francis Galton, a pioneer in psychometrics, was the first to create a standardized test of intelligence, and he was among the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and their inheritance. He came to believe that intelligence is largely determined by heredity, and he also hypothesized that other measures such as the speed of reflexes, muscle |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 10, "sc": 501, "ep": 14, "ec": 430} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 10 | 501 | 14 | 430 | Quantitative psychology | Intelligence testing & Statistical techniques | strength, and head size are correlated with intelligence. He established the world's first mental testing center in 1882 in the following year he published his observations and theories in "Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development". Statistical techniques Statistical methods are the quantitative tools most used by psychologists. Pearson introduced the correlation coefficient and the chi-squared test. The 1900–1920 period saw the t-test (Student, 1908), the ANOVA (Fisher, 1925) and a non-parametric correlation coefficient (Spearman, 1904). A large number of tests were developed in the latter half of the 20th century (e.g., all the multivariate tests). Popular techniques (such as |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 14, "sc": 430, "ep": 14, "ec": 1150} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 14 | 430 | 14 | 1,150 | Quantitative psychology | Statistical techniques | Hierarchical Linear Model, Arnold, 1992, Structural Equation Modeling, Byrne, 1996 and Independent Component Analysis, Hyvarinën, Karhunen and Oja, 2001) are relatively recent.
In 1946, psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens organized levels of measurement into four scales: Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio, and Interval in a paper that is still often cited. Jacob Cohen, a New York University professor of psychology, analyzed quantitative methods involving statistical power and effect size, which helped to lay foundations for current statistical meta-analysis and the methods of estimation statistics. He gave his name to Cohen's kappa and Cohen's d.
In 1990, an influential paper titled "Graduate Training in |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 14, "sc": 1150, "ep": 18, "ec": 475} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 14 | 1,150 | 18 | 475 | Quantitative psychology | Statistical techniques & Undergraduate | Statistics, Methodology, and Measurement in Psychology" was published in the American Psychologist journal. This article discussed the need for increased and up-to-date training in quantitative methods for psychology graduate programs in the United States. Undergraduate Training for quantitative psychology can begin informally at the undergraduate level. Many graduate schools recommend that students have some coursework in psychology and complete the full college sequence of calculus (including multivariate calculus) and a course in linear algebra. Quantitative coursework in other fields such as economics and research methods and statistics courses for psychology majors are also helpful. Historically, however, students without all these |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 18, "sc": 475, "ep": 22, "ec": 59} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 18 | 475 | 22 | 59 | Quantitative psychology | Undergraduate & Graduate | courses have been accepted if other aspects of their application show promise. Some schools also offer formal minors in areas related to quantitative psychology. For example, the University of Kansas offers a minor in "Social and Behavioral Sciences Methodology" that provides advanced training in research methodology, applied data analysis, and practical research experience relevant to quantitative psychology. Coursework in computer science is also useful. Mastery of an object-oriented programming language or learning to write code in SPSS or R is useful for the type of data analysis performed in graduate school. Graduate Quantitative psychologists may possess a doctoral degree or |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 22, "sc": 59, "ep": 22, "ec": 763} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 22 | 59 | 22 | 763 | Quantitative psychology | Graduate | a master's degree. Due to its interdisciplinary nature and depending on the research focus of the university, these programs may be housed in a school's college of education or in their psychology department. Programs that focus especially in educational research and psychometrics are often part of education or educational psychology departments. These programs may therefore have different names mentioning "research methods" or "quantitative methods", such as the "Research and Evaluation Methodology" Ph.D from the University of Florida or the "Quantitative Methods" degree at the University of Pennsylvania. However, some universities may have separate programs in their two colleges. For example, |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 22, "sc": 763, "ep": 22, "ec": 1554} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 22 | 763 | 22 | 1,554 | Quantitative psychology | Graduate | the University of Washington has a "Quantitative psychology" degree in their psychology department and a separate "Measurement & Statistics" Ph.D in their college of education. Others, such as Vanderbilt University's Ph.D in Psychological Sciences is jointly housed across its two psychology departments.
Universities with a mathematical focus include McGill University's "Quantitative Psychology and Modeling" program and Purdue University's "Mathematical and Computational Cognitive Science" degrees. Students with an interest in modeling biological or functional data may go into related fields such as biostatistics or computational neuroscience.
Doctoral programs typical accept students with only bachelor's degrees, although some schools may require a master's degree |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 22, "sc": 1554, "ep": 26, "ec": 129} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 22 | 1,554 | 26 | 129 | Quantitative psychology | Graduate & Shortage of qualified applicants | before applying. After the first two years of studies, graduate students typically earn a Master of Arts in Psychology, Master of Science in Statistics or Applied statistics, or both.
Additionally, several universities offer minor concentrations in quantitative methods, such as New York University.
Companies that produce standardized tests such as College Board, Educational Testing Service, and American College Testing are some of the biggest private sector employers of quantitative psychologists. These companies also often provide internships to students in graduate school. Shortage of qualified applicants In August 2005, the American Psychological Association expressed the need for more quantitative psychologists in the industry—for |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 26, "sc": 129, "ep": 30, "ec": 43} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 26 | 129 | 30 | 43 | Quantitative psychology | Shortage of qualified applicants & Research areas | every PhD awarded in the subject, there were about 2.5 quantitative psychologist position openings. Due to a lack of applicants in the field, the APA created a Task Force to study the state of quantitative psychology and predict its future. Domestic U.S. applicants are especially lacking. The majority of international applicants come from Asian countries, especially South Korea and China. In response to the lack of qualified applicants, the APA Council of Representatives authorized a special task force in 2006. The task force was chaired by Leona S. Aiken from Arizona State University. Research areas Quantitative psychologists generally have a |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 30, "sc": 43, "ep": 30, "ec": 782} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 30 | 43 | 30 | 782 | Quantitative psychology | Research areas | main area of interest. Notable research areas in psychometrics include item response theory and computer adaptive testing, which focus on education and intelligence testing. Other research areas include modeling psychological processes through time series analysis, such as in fMRI data collection, and structural equation modeling, social network analysis, human decision science, and statistical genetics.
Two common types of psychometric tests are: aptitude tests, which are supposed to measure raw intellectual ability, and personality tests that aim to assess your character, temperament, and how you deal with problems.
Item response theory is based on the application of related mathematical models to testing data. |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 30, "sc": 782, "ep": 34, "ec": 442} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 30 | 782 | 34 | 442 | Quantitative psychology | Research areas & Professional organizations | Because it is generally regarded as superior to classical test theory, it is the preferred method for developing scales in the United States, especially when optimal decisions are demanded, as in so-called high-stakes tests, e.g., the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). Professional organizations Quantitative psychology is served by several scientific organizations. These include the Psychometric Society, Division 5 of the American Psychological Association (Evaluation, Measurement and Statistics), the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology, and the European Society for Methodology. Associated disciplines include statistics, mathematics, educational measurement, educational statistics, sociology, and political science. |
{"datasets_id": 161237, "wiki_id": "Q7268941", "sp": 34, "sc": 442, "ep": 34, "ec": 632} | 161,237 | Q7268941 | 34 | 442 | 34 | 632 | Quantitative psychology | Professional organizations | Several scholarly journals reflect the efforts of scientists in these areas, notably Psychometrika, Multivariate Behavioral Research, Structural Equation Modeling and Psychological Methods. |
{"datasets_id": 161238, "wiki_id": "Q1339366", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 116} | 161,238 | Q1339366 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 116 | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) | Early career & Turkey | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) Early career Born in Araraquara, São Paulo, Rafael Marques started his senior career with Campinas. In 2003 he joined Série A side Ponte Preta, and scored his first goal for the club on 8 October in a 2–2 home draw against Atlético Paranaense.
In 2004 Rafael Marques signed for Palmeiras, but acted mainly as a backup to León Darío Muñoz and Vágner Love during his spell. He subsequently represented Internacional de Limeira and Marília. Turkey In 2005 Rafael Marques moved abroad for the first time in his career, signing with Samsunspor. He made his Süper Lig |
{"datasets_id": 161238, "wiki_id": "Q1339366", "sp": 10, "sc": 116, "ep": 14, "ec": 149} | 161,238 | Q1339366 | 10 | 116 | 14 | 149 | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) | Turkey & Omiya Ardija | debut on 11 September in a 1–1 home draw against Manisaspor, and scored his first goal late in the month in a 2–1 home loss against Galatasaray.
In August 2006, after his team's relegation, Rafael Marques agreed to a contract with Manisaspor, suffering the same fate in his second season. During the 2008–09 campaign, he contributed with twelve goals as his side was crowned champions and returned to the first division at first attempt. Omiya Ardija In August 2009, Rafael Marques was announced at Omiya Ardija. He scored regularly for the side during his spell, including a ten-goal mark during the |
{"datasets_id": 161238, "wiki_id": "Q1339366", "sp": 14, "sc": 149, "ep": 22, "ec": 103} | 161,238 | Q1339366 | 14 | 149 | 22 | 103 | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) | Omiya Ardija & Botafogo / Henan Jianye & Palmeiras | 2011 season; highlights included a brace in a 3–1 away defeat of Kashiwa Reysol on 25 September 2011. Botafogo / Henan Jianye On 10 July 2012, Rafael Marques signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Botafogo back in his home country. After spending his first six months without scoring, he finished the 2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A with ten goals, being the club's top goalscorer.
On 21 January 2014, Rafael Marques switched teams and countries again, joining Henan Jianye in the Chinese Super League. Palmeiras On 12 January 2015, Rafael Marques returned to Palmeiras on a one-year loan deal. A regular starter, he |
{"datasets_id": 161238, "wiki_id": "Q1339366", "sp": 22, "sc": 103, "ep": 26, "ec": 158} | 161,238 | Q1339366 | 22 | 103 | 26 | 158 | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) | Palmeiras & Cruzeiro | featured in 32 league matches and scored seven goals during the year.
On 13 January 2016, Rafael Marques signed a permanent two-year deal with Verdão. However, he would spend the campaign as a backup to Róger Guedes and Gabriel Jesus as his side lifted the league trophy after 22 years.
In March 2017, after the arrival of Miguel Borja, Rafael Marques was being deemed surplus to requirements by manager Eduardo Baptista, being transfer-listed by the club. Cruzeiro On 13 May 2017, Rafael Marques signed an 18-month contract with fellow top tier club Cruzeiro, with Mayke moving in the opposite direction on loan.
In |
{"datasets_id": 161238, "wiki_id": "Q1339366", "sp": 26, "sc": 158, "ep": 26, "ec": 252} | 161,238 | Q1339366 | 26 | 158 | 26 | 252 | Rafael Marques (footballer, born 1983) | Cruzeiro | December 2018, after a spell with Sport, Marques joined Campeonato Paulista side São Caetano. |
{"datasets_id": 161239, "wiki_id": "Q7284541", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 145} | 161,239 | Q7284541 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 145 | Rainald Knightley, 1st Baron Knightley | Background & Political career | Rainald Knightley, 1st Baron Knightley Rainald Knightley, 1st Baron Knightley (22 October 1819 – 19 December 1895), known as Sir Rainald Knightley, 3rd Baronet, from 1864 to 1892, was a British Conservative Party politician. Background Knightley was the son of Sir Charles Knightley, 2nd Baronet of Fawsley, and his wife Selina Mary, daughter of F. L. Hervey. In 1864 he inherited the baronetcy and the Fawsley estate on the death of his father. Political career Knightley entered Parliament for Northamptonshire South in 1852 (succeeding his father), a seat he held until 1892. In 1892 he was raised to the |
{"datasets_id": 161239, "wiki_id": "Q7284541", "sp": 12, "sc": 145, "ep": 16, "ec": 291} | 161,239 | Q7284541 | 12 | 145 | 16 | 291 | Rainald Knightley, 1st Baron Knightley | Political career & Personal life | peerage as Baron Knightley, of Fawsley in the County of Northampton. Personal life Lord Knightley married Louisa Mary, daughter of General Sir Edward Bowater, in 1869. The marriage was childless. He died in December 1895, aged 76, when the barony became extinct. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his first cousin Valentine Knightley. Lady Knightley died in October 1913. |
{"datasets_id": 161240, "wiki_id": "Q58755258", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 202} | 161,240 | Q58755258 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 202 | Raychel Proudie | Career | Raychel Proudie Career Proudie was elected unopposed on 6 November 2018 from the platform of Democratic Party. She won nomination in the Democratic primary on 7 August 2018, prevailing with 57% of the vote in a 3-way contest. |
{"datasets_id": 161241, "wiki_id": "Q17147801", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 496} | 161,241 | Q17147801 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 496 | Red Sings from Treetops: A Year in Colors | Concept and development | Red Sings from Treetops: A Year in Colors Concept and development The idea for Red Sings from Treetops came to Sidman on her daily walks through the woods where she would see color everywhere throughout all seasons. In an interview after winning the Minnesota Book Award, she stated that she had "always wanted to write a book about color", but wanted it to be different from the many books that already explored the topic. It took several years to develop a structure for the text that worked well with the content and showed how she felt about color and nature |
{"datasets_id": 161241, "wiki_id": "Q17147801", "sp": 6, "sc": 496, "ep": 10, "ec": 327} | 161,241 | Q17147801 | 6 | 496 | 10 | 327 | Red Sings from Treetops: A Year in Colors | Concept and development & Synopsis | while still being different from other children's books. In the previously mentioned interview, Sidman stated that what she finally settled on in terms of structure was "a way of personifying the colors, of making them come alive and describing them as if they were alive". Synopsis The book, which Sidman describes as a "thread that starts in spring and celebrates the colors through the seasons", is divided into four sections with the headings Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. In each section, Sidman provides a poetic description of the titular season, using colors to display what occurs at each point in |
{"datasets_id": 161241, "wiki_id": "Q17147801", "sp": 10, "sc": 327, "ep": 10, "ec": 735} | 161,241 | Q17147801 | 10 | 327 | 10 | 735 | Red Sings from Treetops: A Year in Colors | Synopsis | the year, such as leaves budding in the spring being "Shy. / Green peeks from buds, / trembles in the breeze.". Most pages are dedicated to one or two colors, and the poetry is accompanied by images provided by Zagarenski. Almost all of the images follow a person and their dog participating in seasonal activities, both of whom are typically wearing a paper crown and are otherwise dressed for the weather. |
{"datasets_id": 161242, "wiki_id": "Q7323765", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 540} | 161,242 | Q7323765 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 540 | Richard Pepper Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley | Biography | Richard Pepper Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley Biography He was born on 20 May 1744 in Bredbury, the son of John Arden (1709–1787), and Mary Pepper, and baptised on 20 June 1744 in Stockport. Educated at The Manchester Grammar School, he matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in November 1761 and received his BA in 1766. Arden was admitted to the Middle Temple in 1769, and received his MA from Trinity the same year.
Invested as a King's Counsel in 1780, he was Solicitor General during the ministry of Shelburne, and again for a year under Pitt. At this time he entered Parliament, |
{"datasets_id": 161242, "wiki_id": "Q7323765", "sp": 6, "sc": 540, "ep": 6, "ec": 1087} | 161,242 | Q7323765 | 6 | 540 | 6 | 1,087 | Richard Pepper Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley | Biography | as the Whig MP for Newtown from 1783 to 1784. In 1784 he became MP for Aldborough, and was appointed Attorney General and Chief Justice of Chester, posts he would hold until 1788.
On 4 June 1788, he was again advanced to become Master of the Rolls, and was knighted on 18 June 1788. He was also appointed to the Privy Council that year. In 1790, he left Aldborough to become MP for Hastings until 1794, and then for Bath until 1801.
In May 1801, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and on 22 May 1801, was |
{"datasets_id": 161242, "wiki_id": "Q7323765", "sp": 6, "sc": 1087, "ep": 6, "ec": 1665} | 161,242 | Q7323765 | 6 | 1,087 | 6 | 1,665 | Richard Pepper Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley | Biography | created Baron Alvanley, of Alvanley, in the County of Chester.
Alvanley died on 19 March 1804 and was buried a week later in Rolls Chapel, London. His will was probated in April 1804.
Quoting from Cokayne, The Complete Peerage: "He was not a man of great oratorical powers, but possessed the qualities of intelligence, readiness and wit... It would be vain to claim any great distinction for Lord Alvanley. He was a learned lawyer and a successful politician... the few productions that remain from his pen evince refinement, taste and facility of expression." |
{"datasets_id": 161243, "wiki_id": "Q17080163", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 31} | 161,243 | Q17080163 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 31 | Romani contemporary art | Television | Romani contemporary art Television Romano-tv, Finnish sketch shows |
{"datasets_id": 161244, "wiki_id": "Q6381561", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 463} | 161,244 | Q6381561 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 463 | Ron Loustel | Playing career | Ron Loustel Playing career General manager John Ferguson Sr., facing severe goaltending woes, called up Loustel from the Saskatoon Blades of the Western Hockey League (WHL), hoping he would be the solution. In his only NHL appearance against the Vancouver Canucks, while he made 41 saves, the Canucks got 51 shots on goal, giving him 10 goals against (GA). Since he never played another NHL game, he currently holds the record of having the most GA of any goalie who played only 1 NHL game. |
{"datasets_id": 161245, "wiki_id": "Q50309320", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 613} | 161,245 | Q50309320 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 613 | Ronna Burger | Career | Ronna Burger Career She received her PhD in Philosophy from the New School for Social Research Graduate Faculty and has been teaching at Tulane since 1980. Her research has been supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Earhart Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation. She is the author of books and articles on Plato and Aristotle, and her graduate seminars on those thinkers have often led to dissertations in ancient philosophy. In recent years she has extended her studies to Maimonides and the Hebrew Bible, writing essays, teaching |
{"datasets_id": 161245, "wiki_id": "Q50309320", "sp": 6, "sc": 613, "ep": 6, "ec": 666} | 161,245 | Q50309320 | 6 | 613 | 6 | 666 | Ronna Burger | Career | courses, and lecturing on numerous college campuses. |
{"datasets_id": 161246, "wiki_id": "Q7393853", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 552} | 161,246 | Q7393853 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 552 | SS Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher | Description | SS Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher Description The ship was built by William Hamilton & Co Ltd, Port Glasgow. Yard number 462, she was launched on 10 February 1944 and completed in July.
The ship was 433 feet 5 inches (132.11 m) long, with a beam of 56 feet 2 inches (17.12 m) and a depth of 34 feet 2 inches (10.41 m). She had a GRT of 7,067 and a NRT of 4,759. She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of 24 ¹⁄₂ inches (62 cm), 39 inches (99 cm) and 70 inches (180 cm) diameter by 48 inches (120 cm) stroke. The engine was built by Harland & Wolff, Glasgow. |
{"datasets_id": 161246, "wiki_id": "Q7393853", "sp": 8, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 612} | 161,246 | Q7393853 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 612 | SS Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher | Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher | Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher In 1945, Empire Call was sold to the French government, who renamed her Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher and placed her under the control of the Ministère de la Marine Merchande. She was operated under the management of Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. Her Code Letters were changed to FPPK and her port of registry to Marseilles. The ship was named in honour of a French engineer who had been shot by the Germans during the Second World War.
On 18 November 1945, Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher departed Marseilles bound for Saigon, French Indo-China. On 20 November. she ran aground on Stromboli, Italy |
{"datasets_id": 161246, "wiki_id": "Q7393853", "sp": 10, "sc": 612, "ep": 10, "ec": 1108} | 161,246 | Q7393853 | 10 | 612 | 10 | 1,108 | SS Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher | Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher | in fog. The tug Hippopotame was despatched from Bizerte on 26 November, followed by the Camille Porch from Marseilles on 28 November. Camille Porch was carrying divers and pumping equipment. On 3 December, work started to unload the ship's cargo into barges brought from Messina, but during the evening of 4 December a storm blew up. The ship was abandoned at 02:15 on 5 December and later broke in two. She was declared a total loss. Ingénieur Général Haarbleicher was scrapped in situ in 1947. |
{"datasets_id": 161247, "wiki_id": "Q19895964", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 621} | 161,247 | Q19895964 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 621 | Sadhaaram | Production | Sadhaaram Production Sankaradas Swamigal picked themes from mythology, literature and folklore and adapted them for the stage with deft, innovative touches. Sadhaaram is an illustrations of his brilliant stagecraft and was one such popular play that highlighted the noble attributes of Indian womanhood. As a child, P. U. Chinnappa had won praise acting as a thieving boy in this play.
A silent movie version of the story had been produced in 1930. The next celluloid adaptation was Naveena Sadhaaram in 1935 by Madras United Artistes Corporation. Directed by K. Subramanyam, the movie starred G. Pattu Iyer, S. S. Mani Bagavathar, S. |
{"datasets_id": 161247, "wiki_id": "Q19895964", "sp": 6, "sc": 621, "ep": 6, "ec": 727} | 161,247 | Q19895964 | 6 | 621 | 6 | 727 | Sadhaaram | Production | D. Subbulakshmi and Parvathi Bai.
This is the third attempt by V. C. Subbaraman which is in 1956. |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 584} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 584 | Sam Nicholls | Casting | Sam Nicholls Casting On 30 September 2011, the BBC announced actress Charlotte Salt had joined the cast of Casualty as "ambitious army medic" Sam Nicholls. Her casting was announced alongside that of Oliver Coleman, who joined as paediatric doctor Tom Kent. Series producer at the time, Nikki Wilson, commented that the character would be exciting and intriguing when she made her debut in October. Salt was initially contracted for a year, and she admitted that joining a long-running drama felt "quite scary" to her. To prepare for the role, she spoke with some army medics, including one who had worked |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 6, "sc": 584, "ep": 10, "ec": 245} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 6 | 584 | 10 | 245 | Sam Nicholls | Casting & Marriage to Dylan Keogh | on helicopters in Afghanistan. Salt also had to train for the various stunts that Sam was a part of, but she found the medical jargon to be the toughest aspect of the role. She stated, "It wasn't easy getting my head around it all at the beginning but it does get easier with practise!" Marriage to Dylan Keogh Ahead of her first episode, Salt teased Sam's connection to someone in the ED, saying the viewers would be surprised by their identity. It soon emerges that Sam is married to fellow doctor Dylan Keogh (William Beck) and that they were estranged. |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 245, "ep": 10, "ec": 805} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 245 | 10 | 805 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | Beck explained that Sam and Dylan had a Las Vegas wedding, which he thought showed "some idea of the longevity of the relationship". While Dylan is "mortified" that his personal life is being discussed by his colleagues, Sam believes he should get over it. Before they can discuss things, Sam is called out to attend to victims of a chemical spill. Sam deliberately puts herself in danger to spite Dylan and get his attention. Zoe is hurt to discover that Dylan is married, and Salt pointed out that Zoe had been flirting with Dylan, but he was unaware of it. |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 805, "ep": 10, "ec": 1377} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 805 | 10 | 1,377 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | She continued, "Sam's not going to be okay with that. Even though she and Dylan aren't together any more, she still loves him in a way. Tension's building – it's going to get messy."
Sam and Dylan are brought together when Sam receives a call to rescue two dog walkers, who have fallen into a cave. She realises to her "dismay" that the only other doctor who can abseil is Dylan. As they descend into the cave, Sam and Dylan try to keep their relationship professional, but soon begin to argue about their failed marriage, placing themselves and their patients in |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 1377, "ep": 10, "ec": 1934} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 1,377 | 10 | 1,934 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | danger. Speaking to Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap, Salt said that being trapped in the cave with Dylan was Sam's "worst nightmare" and that the situation caused all of the issues about their marriage to come to a head. The couple have a hard time treating Amanda Franks (Connie Fisher) and David Hooper (Daymon Britton), but when David's condition worsens, Sam and Dylan put their problems aside to help save him. Salt added that Sam does not like tight spaces, but she manages to hide it well. In the end, she and Dylan manage to bond when they realise their |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 1934, "ep": 10, "ec": 2518} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 1,934 | 10 | 2,518 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | argument is not important.
Sam secretly files for a divorce, but is "horrified" when Dylan receives the solicitors' letter at work, before she can speak to him about it. Sam asks Dylan if they can talk after their shift, which makes him believe that she wants a reconciliation. Dylan later tells Sam that he has booked a table at a restaurant, and she realises that he thinks they are going on a date. As their divorce proceedings begin, Dylan and Sam's relationship breaks down and they struggle to work together. When they are called upon to treat a patient together, Dylan |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 2518, "ep": 10, "ec": 3056} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 2,518 | 10 | 3,056 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | decides to hand the patient over to Sam, as he refuses to have anything to do with her. Nick Jordan notices their behaviour, and he tells Sam to find a way to work with Dylan. However, when Dylan begins belittling her, Sam decides she has had enough and contacts her former commanding officer to ask if she can return to the army. Sam is denied a return to the army, forcing her to remain at Holby. Dylan's attitude towards her grows meaner, but she tries her best to ignore it and get on with her work.
Dylan refuses to sign the |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 3056, "ep": 10, "ec": 3619} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 3,056 | 10 | 3,619 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh | divorce papers, but insists that he wants Sam to leave Holby, prompting Salt to comment that Dylan was "confused by his emotions". She also thought that Dylan's refusal to sign the papers was because he knew that was what Sam wanted. Sam and Dylan's bad relationship affects their work to the point that a patient's life is put at risk, while Dylan is being particularly "vicious" to Sam. Salt said that Sam accepts the way Dylan treats her because she knows he is hurt. The actress also thought Dylan was hoping they might reconcile, but Sam no longer wanted to |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 10, "sc": 3619, "ep": 14, "ec": 203} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 10 | 3,619 | 14 | 203 | Sam Nicholls | Marriage to Dylan Keogh & Assault and GMC hearing | be married to him. Salt continued, "she doesn't want him to hate her or to lose him as a friend. She's almost reaching out to Dylan for a helping hand. It's really quite moving." Sam and Dylan eventually sort things out between them when Sam reveals her reasons for coming to Holby, her selfishness, and why she kept her "baggage" a secret. Assault and GMC hearing One of the character's more notable storyline arcs began in early 2012 when Sam saves Dylan from being attacked by patient Keith Parr (Marshall Lancaster). She puts Keith in a headlock, which fractures a |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 203, "ep": 14, "ec": 769} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 203 | 14 | 769 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | bone in his neck. Salt explained to Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap that when Sam see Dylan's life under threat, her first thought is to protect him. Producer Nikki Harris said the storyline would "bubble under for the rest of the series" and would raise the issue of whether Sam used excessive force. The situation also affects Sam's colleagues, who feel that they have to support her. Keen to avoid having legal action brought against the hospital, Zoe Hanna asks Sam to meet with Keith and apologise. With the assault having been caught on CCTV, Salt pointed out Sam |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 769, "ep": 14, "ec": 1348} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 769 | 14 | 1,348 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | was in serious trouble. However, she refuses to meet with Keith as she feels that it was not her fault. Zoe asks Dylan to persuade Sam to change her mind, but he is hesitant to get involved. While treating a rape victim who defended herself against her attacker, Sam realises "the gravity of her own situation" and visits Keith, but she ends up accusing him of attacking Dylan. Salt told Ellis that Sam fails to realise that she cannot lash out at people without consequences.
Nick later informs Sam that Keith is filing an official complaint against her, and he advises |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 1348, "ep": 14, "ec": 1953} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 1,348 | 14 | 1,953 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | her to keep her head down. A lawyer for the General Medical Council investigates Keith's complaint and Sam's colleagues are asked to give statements about the incident. Dylan tries to avoid giving his, while Zoe learns that she will be called as a witness. In March 2012, Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy reported a special Red Button episode titled "Under Fire" would explore Sam's time in Afghanistan, and the events that led to her arrival at Holby. Producers told Kilkelly that the episode would explain Sam's "brusque bedside manner and brave but impulsive decision-making". The episode is set in Camp |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 1953, "ep": 14, "ec": 2566} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 1,953 | 14 | 2,566 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | Bastion and explores Sam's time working on a MERT helicopter, alongside Corporal Iain Dean (Michael Stevenson), who she is having an affair with. While Sam is treating patients from a suicide bombing, Sam is alarmed when it seems one of them is reaching for a device and she makes "a split-second decision which has life-changing consequences." The special was filmed at an army barracks in Cardiff. Salt enjoyed exploring Sam's past, and commented that Sam and Iain's affair "was just a moment of comfort – it's a different world out there in Afghanistan."
The following month, Sam is brought before the |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 2566, "ep": 14, "ec": 3109} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 2,566 | 14 | 3,109 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | General Medical Council and accused of using excessive force to restrain Keith. Salt explained that if Sam is found guilty she would lose everything, as she would no longer be allowed to work as a doctor. When Sam learns that Zoe will be testifying against her, she is "livid". She then decides to fire her legal team and represent herself. Salt thought it was "madness", but said that Sam needed to feel that she was in control of her own fate. During the hearing, Dylan is also called to the stand, where he defends Sam and finds it hard to |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 3109, "ep": 14, "ec": 3688} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 3,109 | 14 | 3,688 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing | hide his feelings for her. However, Dylan is shocked when Iain reveals that he and Sam were romantically involved, and that Sam has been affected by the events in Afghanistan. Salt told Ellis that Dylan is "very hurt" that Sam never confided in him about the things that happened while they were together. She continued, "The lose all sense of professionalism, and end up bickering in the middle of the hearing room!" Towards the end of the hearing, new evidence emerges that clears Sam's name. Salt believed that Sam would be changed by the whole situation, saying she would be |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 14, "sc": 3688, "ep": 18, "ec": 527} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 14 | 3,688 | 18 | 527 | Sam Nicholls | Assault and GMC hearing & Relationship with Tom Kent | more cautious. Relationship with Tom Kent Towards the end of April 2012, Salt revealed that there would be some romance ahead for Sam. Salt commented, "But she could find herself in a situation where she's more into the romance than the other person is." In September, Sam's love interest was revealed to be Tom Kent (Coleman). The pair shared a chemistry that came to a head when Sam's friend Melanie Fox (Melanie McLean) was admitted to the hospital. Sam wants to help treat her friend, but Tom reminds her that they are not supposed to treat patients that they share |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 527, "ep": 18, "ec": 1078} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 527 | 18 | 1,078 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent | a personal relationship with. Sam "reluctantly" leaves Tom to treat Melanie. At the end of their shift, he invites her out for a drink and they share a kiss. Sam and Tom try to maintain a professional relationship in the ED after spending the night together. But ahead of the staff Halloween party, they share a kiss in the staff room while getting ready, just as Dylan walks in. When Sam and Tom argue about a patient's diagnosis, Dylan loses his temper with them both, and he reveals that he saw the kiss and knows they are a couple.
After |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 1078, "ep": 18, "ec": 1627} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 1,078 | 18 | 1,627 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent | a few months, Sam becomes fed up her and Tom's casual relationship. When she is asked on a date by another doctor, Tom becomes jealous and realises that he wants to commit to her. Sam worries that Tom is only making their relationship official because someone else in interested in her, but he assures her that he is serious and they put on a public display of affection in front of their colleagues. In October 2013, Tom decides to propose to Sam. He tries to keep his plans a secret, but nurse Robyn Miller (Amanda Henderson) sees Tom showing off |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 1627, "ep": 18, "ec": 2225} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 1,627 | 18 | 2,225 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent | the ring to a patient, and soon everyone in the ED knows. When Sam's former boyfriend, and paramedic, Iain Dean learns of the impending proposal, he interferes by telling Tom that Sam confided in him about her relationship. Tom feels "betrayed" and decided not to propose, but Sam, having learned of his plan, proposes to him instead.
Sam has second thoughts about getting married, after Tom becomes jealous of her friendship with Iain. Tom expresses his anger when he learns that Sam and Iain went to Birmingham to visit a former army colleague, and kept it from him. Sam defends herself, |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 2225, "ep": 18, "ec": 2743} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 2,225 | 18 | 2,743 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent | telling Tom that his jealousy is the reason why she kept it a secret. After Tom asks Sam to think about whether she wants to marry him or not, she gets drunk with Iain and kisses him. Sam regrets the kiss, and Salt explained that it was "a cry for help" due to the pressure she was feeling with the wedding. She also said that Sam knows it was a mistake and wants to forget it ever happened. Sam and Tom decide to marry in secret, but they miss the ceremony when a workman is electrocuted outside the registry office. |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 2743, "ep": 18, "ec": 3291} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 2,743 | 18 | 3,291 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent | They help to save the workman and Iain is one of the paramedics that arrives on the scene. Sam does not feel disappointment when she and Tom miss their ceremony, and she questions whether they should get married at all.
But when Tom finds out about the kiss with Iain, she begs Tom to stay with her and reveals how much she loves him. Salt told Inside Soap's Katy Moon, "Sam realises that she doesn't have to be a tough girl on her own any more – it's a real turning point." Receptionist Louise Tyler (Azuka Oforka) arranges for the couple |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 18, "sc": 3291, "ep": 22, "ec": 22} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 18 | 3,291 | 22 | 22 | Sam Nicholls | Relationship with Tom Kent & Return | to marry at the hospital. Although Sam and Tom wanted a low key ceremony, they love that their friends are with them. Salt joked that Sam and Tom's wedding was a dress rehearsal for her own wedding to Coleman. The actors began a relationship after meeting on set and became engaged just before Sam and Tom did on-screen. The wedding scenes marked Salt and Coleman's final appearances in the show. Salt commented, "It was lovely for us to top off an amazing couple of years on a fantastic note with Sam and Tom getting married." Return During a February 2017 |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 22, "sc": 22, "ep": 22, "ec": 622} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 622 | Sam Nicholls | Return | interview with Sophie Dainty of Digital Spy, producer Erika Hossington confirmed that a previous love interest of Dylan's would be returning. Without revealing who, Hossington commented "I don't want to give too much away now. Fans can expect an old face to return, but maybe not in the guise they are expecting." On 25 April, Dainty announced that Salt had reprised her role, and would return to filming at the end of May. Hossington revealed that Salt was approached about a return, after the producers agreed that she was popular with viewers. Hossington stated that Sam would return without Tom, |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 22, "sc": 622, "ep": 22, "ec": 1211} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 22 | 622 | 22 | 1,211 | Sam Nicholls | Return | but viewers would soon learn what has happened between them. She also said Sam would be interacting with both Dylan and Iain upon her return. Of her return, Salt commented, "I'm thrilled to be back with the gang at Holby! Sam was always such a kick-ass female role so it's really exciting to be telling her story again". Sam returned in the fifth episode of the thirty-second series on 23 September 2017.
Sam returns to Holby as the emergency department's new paramedic. Salt was glad of her character's change in occupation, as it meant her storylines would be different to those |
{"datasets_id": 161248, "wiki_id": "Q7407961", "sp": 22, "sc": 1211, "ep": 22, "ec": 1772} | 161,248 | Q7407961 | 22 | 1,211 | 22 | 1,772 | Sam Nicholls | Return | in her first stint. She also liked the variation in filming locations, commenting "There are different challenges, and I get to work outdoors and meet all the brilliant guest stars. It feels like a different job." Salt called Sam's first shout "a heavy one" to film, as the weather was bad and she had take part in a large medical procedure. When asked by Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap what had happened between Sam and Tom, Salt replied that there would be hints that their marriage had "fallen apart", but nothing else would be said. Salt added that Dylan would |
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