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2hop__47808_198548 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Grace and Frankie",
"paragraph_text": " Grace and Robert's younger daughter. In October 2015, it was announced Sam Elliott would appear in the second season as Grace's love interest. In April 2017, it was reported that Lisa Kudrow will appear in the fourth season as Sheree, Grace's manicurist. In February 2018, the same day as the fifth season was commissioned, RuPaul was confirmed to appear in the fifth season as a rival of Grace and Frankie.GCasting announcements began in June 2014, with Martin Sheen cast in the role of Robert, Grace's husband. The following month, Sam Waterston was cast in the role of Sol, Frankie's husband. June Diane Raphael and Baron Vaughn were then added to the cast, with Raphael cast in the role of Brianna, Grace and Robert's elder daughter, who rebels against Grace's decorum. Vaughn signed onto the role of Nwabudike, Frankie and Sol's son. Shortly afterwards, Ethan Embry and Brooklyn Decker were cast in the remaining roles on the series. Embry joined in the role of Coyote, Frankie and Sol's recovering drug addicted son, while Decker signed onto the role of Mallory, Grace and Robert's younger daughter. In October 2015, it was announced Sam Elliott would appear in the second season as Grace's love interest. In April 2017, it was reported that Lisa Kudrow will appear in the fourth season as Sheree, Grace's manicurist. In February 2018, the same day as the fifth season was commissioned, RuPaul was confirmed to appear in the fifth season as a rival of Grace and Frankie. mogul, and Frankie Bergstein, a quirky artist and hippie, whose long-term husbands, Robert and Sol, are successful divorce lawyers in San Diego, California. Grace and Frankie's lives are turned upside down when Robert and Sol announce they are in love with each other and are leaving their wives. Now the women, who have never particularly liked each other, are forced to live together as they navigate family drama, medical scares, business ventures, and romantic turmoil on theirCasting announcements began in June 2014, with Martin Sheen cast in the role of Robert, Grace's husband. The following month, Sam Waterston was cast in the role of Sol, Frankie's husband. June Diane Raphael and Baron Vaughn were then added to the cast, with Raphael cast in the role of Brianna, Grace and Robert's elder daughter, who rebels against Grace's decorum. Vaughn signed onto the role of Nwabudike, Frankie and Sol's son. Shortly afterwards, Ethan Embry and Brooklyn Decker were cast in the remaining roles on the series. Embry joined in the role of Coyote, Frankie and Sol's recovering drug addicted son, while Decker signed onto the role of Mallory, Grace and Robert's younger daughter. In October 2015, it was announced Sam Elliott would appear in the second season as Grace's love interest. In April 2017, it was reported that Lisa Kudrow will appear in the fourth season as Sheree, Grace's manicurist. In February 2018, the same day as the fifth season was commissioned, RuPaul was confirmed to appear in the fifth season as a rival of Grace and Frankie.Grace and Frankie is an American comedy television series created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris for Netflix. The series stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin as the eponymous Grace Hanson and Frankie Bergstein, two aging women who form an unlikely friendship after their husbands reveal they are in love with each other and plan to get married. Sam Waterston, Martin Sheen, Brooklyn Decker, Ethan Embry, June Diane Raphael, and Baron Vaughn co-star in supporting roles.\nThe series premiered on Netflix on May 8, 2015. The second through sixth seasons were released from 2016 to 2020. The seventh and final season premiered on August 13, 2021 with four episodes, and the final twelve released on April 29, 2022.\nGrace and Frankie received mixed reviews upon its debut, but its second and subsequent seasons have been met with a largely positive reception from television critics. It has received several accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series follows Grace Hanson, a sharp-tongued, retired cosmetics mogul, and Frankie Bergstein, a quirky artist and hippie, whose long-term husbands, Robert and Sol, are successful divorce lawyers in San Diego, California. Grace and Frankie's lives are turned upside down when Robert and Sol announce they are in love with each other and are leaving their wives. Now the women, who have never particularly liked each other, are forced to live together as they navigate family drama, medical scares, business ventures, and romantic turmoil on their road to becoming best friends.\n\n\n== Cast and characters ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nJane Fonda as Grace Hanson (née Purcell), a no-nonsense cosmetics mogul who enjoys a martini and often peppers her conversations with clever comments and insults. After years of conflict, she and Frankie call a truce; their relationship evolves and they become best friends. Grace is also mother to Brianna and Mallory, grandmother to Madison, Macklin and the twins, ex-wife of Robert and later, of Nick.\nLily Tomlin as Frances \"Frankie\" Bergstein (née Mengela), a quirky artist who \"rides her own wave\" and often finds herself in situations that require Grace to rescue her. Creative and spiritual, Frankie cares very deeply about her loved ones and would do anything to protect them. She is Grace's best friend, Bud & Coyote's adoptive mother, Faith's grandmother, Allison's mother-in-law and Sol's ex-wife.\nSam Waterston as Sol Bergstein, a gentle ex-divorce lawyer turned activist for gay rights. Sol was married to Frankie for 40 years, but for much of his marriage, he was in love with Robert, and they ultimately came out to their wives. Sol is also Robert's husband, Bud and Coyote's adoptive father, Faith's grandfather, Allison's father-in-law and Frankie's ex-husband.\nMartin Sheen as Robert Hanson, a successful divorce lawyer who threw himself into theatre following retirement. He was married to Grace for 40 years, and they had two daughters, Brianna and Mall",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Murder in Texas",
"paragraph_text": "urder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United StatesMurder in Texas is a 1981 television film starring Katharine Ross, Sam Elliott, Farrah Fawcett, and Andy Griffith. The film was directed by William Hale, and was based on a true story; that was written for the TV screen by John McGreevey. It first aired on television in two parts on Sunday and Monday May 3-4, 1981.Murder in Texas is a 1981 television film starring Katharine Ross, Sam Elliott, Farrah Fawcett, and Andy Griffith. The film was directed by William Hale, and was based on a true story; that was written for the TV screen by John McGreevey. It first aired on television in two parts on Sunday and Monday May 3-4, 1981.Murder in",
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}
] | What is the name of the spouse of the man who portrays Grace's partner in Frankie and Grace? | [
{
"id": 47808,
"question": "who plays grace's boyfriend in frankie and grace",
"answer": "Sam Elliott",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 198548,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Katharine Ross",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Katharine Ross | [] | true | Who is the wife of the actor of Grace's boyfriend in Frankie and Grace? |
2hop__166820_52835 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Chasing Pirates",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nOctober 27, 2009 VH1 aired the full version of Norah Jones's \"Chasing Pirates\" music video directed by Rich Lee.\nIn the beginning of the music video, she finds a map of Manhattan in a bottle while sitting on the couch in an apartment complex. In the next scene of the music video, she steers a building from a roof made to look like a pirate ship as she tries to find what is marked on the map. She also sits on deck before the roof transforms into a pirate ship. The music video also gained significant airplay on Australia's channel GO as filler time between programs in late 2009 and early 2010.\n\n\n== Performances ==\nShe performed the song live on ABC's Dancing with the Stars on October 20, as well as Late Show with David Letterman on November 11, 2009, Good Morning America on November 16, 2009, The View on November 23, 2009, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on December 15, 2009 and\nJimmy Kimmel Live!\n\n\n== Chart positions ==\nThe song entered the Adult Album Alternative charts on October 21, 2009 at #13. It became the highest entry by a female artist on that chart since Alanis Morissette's \"Everything\" in 2004. The last single by a female artist to chart at a higher position was another single by Jones, \"Sunrise.\" The song entered on the Irish Singles Chart for the first time on #39.\n\n\n== References ==\"Chasing Pirates\" is the first single by American singer Norah Jones from her fourth album, The Fall. It was released exclusively to iTunes on Tuesday, October 13, 2009. The song also had its North American radio station premiere on the defunct 97.3 EZ Rock, now CHBM, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 9, 2009. The song went top ten in Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. In the US, \"Chasing Pirates\" peaked at No. 13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No. 7 on Jazz Songs.\n\"Chasing Pirates\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming Jones's third nomination, after \"Don't Know Why\" and \"Sunrise\".\n\n\n== Background ==\nNorah Jones explained how \"Chasing Pirates\" came to be, \"About a year ago, I did some demos in my home studio. I had some friends come in and we figured out a cool arrangement for 'Chasing Pirates,' with a cool drum part. It went somewhere I didn't expect it to go, and that became a direction to look in.\"\n\n\n== Music video ==\nOctober 27, 2009 VH1 aired the full version of Norah Jones's \"Chasing Pirates\" music video directed by Rich Lee.\nIn the beginning of the music video, she finds a map of Manhattan in a bottle while sitting on the couch in an apartment complex. In the next scene of the music video, she steers a building from a roof made to look like a pirate ship as she tries to find what is marked on the map. She also sits on deck before the roof transforms into a pirate ship. The music video also gained significant airplay on Australia's channel GO as filler time between programs in late 2009 and early 2010.\n\n\n== Performances ==\nShe performed the song live on ABC's Dancing with the Stars on October 20, as well as Late Show with David Letterman on November 11, 2009, Good Morning America on November 16, 2009, The View on November 23, 2009, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on December 15, 2009 and\nJimmy Kimmel Live!\n\n\n== Chart positions ==\nThe song entered the Adult Album Alternative charts on October 21, 2009 at #13. It became the highest entry by a female artist on that chart since Alanis Morissette's \"Everything\" in 2004. The last single by a female artist to chart at a higher position was another single by Jones, \"Sunrise.\" The song entered on the Irish Singles Chart for the first time on #39.\n\n\n== References ==\"Chasing Pirates\" is the first single by American singer Norah Jones from her fourth album, The Fall. It was released exclusively to iTunes on Tuesday, October 13, 2009. The song also had its North American radio station premiere on the defunct 97.3 EZ Rock, now CHBM, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 9, 2009. The song went top ten in Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. In the US, \"Chasing Pirates\" peaked at No. 13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No. 7 on Jazz Songs.\n\"Chasing Pirates\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming Jones's third nomination, after \"Don't Know Why\" and \"Sunrise\".\n\n\n== Background ==\nNorah Jones explained how \"Chasing Pirates\" came to be, \"About a year ago, I did some demos in my home studio. I had some friends come in and we figured out a cool arrangement for 'Chasing Pirates,' with a cool drum part. It went somewhere I didn't expect it to go, and that became a direction to look in.\"\n\n\n== Music video ==\nOctober 27, 2009 VH1 aired the full version of Norah Jones's \"Chasing Pirates\" music video directed by Rich Lee.\nIn the beginning of the music video, she finds a map of Manhattan in a bottle while sitting on the couch in an apartment complex. In the next scene of the music video, she steers a building from a roof made to look like a pirate ship as she tries to find what is marked on the map. She also sits on deck before the roof transforms into a pirate ship. The music video also gained significant airplay on Australia's channel GO as filler time between programs in late 2009 and early 2010.\n\n\n== Performances ==\nShe performed the song live on ABC's Dancing with the Stars on October 20, as well as Late Show with David Letterman on November 11, 2009, Good Morning America on November 16, 2009, The View on November 23, 2009, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on December 15, 2009 and\nJimmy Kimmel Live!\n\n\n== Chart positions ==\nThe song entered the Adult Album Alternative charts on October 21, 2009 at #13. It became the highest entry by a female artist on that chart since Alanis Morissette's \"Everything\" in 2004. The last single by a female artist to chart at a higher position was another single by Jones, \"Sunrise.\" The song entered on the Irish Singles Chart for the first time on #39.\n\n\n== References ==\"Chasing Pirates\" is the first single by American singer Norah Jones from her fourth album, The Fall. It was released exclusively to iTunes on Tuesday, October 13, 2009. The song also had its North American radio station premiere on the defunct 97.3 EZ Rock, now CHBM, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 9, 2009. The song went top ten in Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. In the US, \"Chasing Pirates\" peaked at No. 13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No\"Chasing Pirates\" is the first single by American singer Norah Jones from her fourth album, \"The Fall\". It was released exclusively to iTunes on Tuesday, October 13, 2009. The song also had its North American radio station premiere on the defunct 97.3 EZ Rock, now CHBM, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 9, 2009. The song went top ten in Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. In the U.S.A., \"Chasing Pirates\" peaked at No. 13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No. 7 on Jazz Songs.\"Chasing\"Chasing Pirates\" is the first single by American singer Norah Jones from her fourth album, \"The Fall\". It was released exclusively to iTunes on Tuesday, October 13, 2009. The song also had its North American radio station premiere on the defunct 97.3 EZ Rock, now CHBM, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 9, 2009. The song went top ten in Japan, The Netherlands and Belgium. In the U.S.A., \"Chasing Pirates\" peaked at No. 13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and No. 7 on Jazz Songs.",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)ah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the",
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] | Who is the author of the song "Turn Me On", that was rendered by the same singer who sang "Chasing Pirates"? | [
{
"id": 166820,
"question": "Chasing Pirates >> performer",
"answer": "Norah Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 52835,
"question": "who wrote turn me on by #1",
"answer": "John D. Loudermilk",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | John D. Loudermilk | [] | true | Who wrote turn me on, which was performed by the person who also performed Chasing Pirates? |
4hop3__719125_132409_371500_35031 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour SessionsPapa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (200",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Scars (Papa Roach song)",
"paragraph_text": "Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Veoh",
"paragraph_text": " to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube andVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso. is also available as an app on selected smart TVs, digital video recorders, digital media players and streaming television services. The service once offered a consumer mobile and tablet app; however this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMGVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.SThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, and Coast Guard Air Station San Diego.\nFrom north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico–U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County, which separated from it in 1907.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueno and Ipai/Tipai), Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Kuupangaxwichem (Cupeño), ��ívil��uqaletem (Cahuilla), and the Acjachemen (Juaneño) Indians and their local predecessors.\nIn 1542, the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who may have been born in Portugal but sailed under the flag of Castile, claimed San Diego Bay for the Spanish Empire, and he named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego. European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the San Diego Presid",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the list of the top five largest urban regions of the state where the Scars' artists originate, what position does the city hosting the main offices of Veoh hold? | [
{
"id": 719125,
"question": "Scars >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 371500,
"question": "Veoh >> headquarters location",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | Where does the city where Veoh's headquarters is located rank in the top five largest urban areas of the state where Scars' performers were formed? |
4hop2__5206_39078_8987_8974 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Police",
"paragraph_text": " context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule.\nA police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.\nNumerous slang terms exist for the police. Many slang terms for police officers are decades or centuries old with lost etymologies. One of the oldest, cop, has largely lost its slang connotations and become a common colloquial term used both by the public and police officers to refer to their profession.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nFirst attested in English in the early 15th century, originally in a range of senses encompassing '(public) policy; state; public order', the word police comes from Middle French police ('public order, administration, government'), in turn from Latin politia, which is the romanization of the Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeia) 'citizenship, administration, civil polity'. This is derived from πόλις (polis) 'city'.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Ancient ===\n\n\n==== China ====\nLaw enforcement in ancient China was carried out by \"prefects\" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrates, who reported to higher authorities suchIn the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemented by private contractors, notably the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which was hired by individuals, businessmen, local governments and the federal government. At its height, the Pinkerton Agency's numbers exceeded those of the United States Army.[citation needed] the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Police forces are usually public sector services, funded through taxes.\nLaw enforcement is only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After beingIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion. People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops were involved, due to public perception of the previous German occupation three decades earlier. 137 Czechoslovaks were killed and 500 seriously wounded during the occupation.\nPublic reaction to the invasion was widespread and divided, including within the communist world. Although the majority of the Warsaw Pact supported the invasion along with several other communist parties worldwide, Western nations, along with socialist countries such as Romania, and particularly the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The pace of change, however, was sluggish; the rehabilitation of Stalinist-era victims, such as those convicted in the Slánský trials, may have been considered as early as 1963, but did not take place until 1967.\nIn the early 1960s, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn. The Soviet model of industrialization applied unsuccessfully since Czechoslovakia was already entirely industrialized before World War II, and the Soviet model mainly took into account less developed economies. Novotný's attempt at restructuring the economy, the 1965 New Economic Model, spurred increased demand for political reform as well.\n\n\n=== 1967 Writers' Congress ===\nAs the strict government eased its rules, the Union of Czechoslovak Writers cautiously began to air discontent, and in the union's gazette, Literární noviny, members suggested that literature should be independent of Party doctrine. In June 1967, a small fraction of the Czech writer's union sympathized with radical socialists, specifically Ludvík",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he entered the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Having assumed de facto control over the party by 1937, Tito was formally elected its general secretary in 1939 and later its president, the title he held until his death. During World War II, after the Nazi invasion of the area, he led the Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–1945). ByBecause of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he entered the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Having assumed de facto control over the party by 1937, Tito was formally elected its general secretary in 1939 and later its president, the title he held until his death. During World War II, after the Nazi invasion of the area, he led the Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–1945). By the end of the war, the Partisans, with the Allies' backing since mid-1943, took power in Yugoslavia.\nAfter the war, Tito prime minister (1944–1963), president (1953–1980; from 1974 president for life), and marshal of Yugoslavia, the",
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}
] | In which location can one find the embassy within the sole communist nation, a nation whose military sector, despite aiding the local law enforcement of the Old West, was ill-equipped for the invasion of the territories seized by the Pact? | [
{
"id": 5206,
"question": "Which country did the Pact conquer?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 39078,
"question": "Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police?",
"answer": "The Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 8974,
"question": "#3 was the only communist country to have an embassy where?",
"answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay | [
"Alfredo Stroessner"
] | true | Where is the embassy in the only communist country whose military branch helping the Old West's inadequate local police was unprepared for invasion of the country conquered by the Pact? |
3hop1__480375_709625_84283 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ain't Living Long Like This",
"paragraph_text": " record hit #13 on the U.S. pop charts and #3 in Canada.\n\"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" was recorded in 1977 by Gary Stewart for his album, Your Place or Mine., then recorded in 1978 by Emmylou Harris for her album, Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town, and in 1979 by Waylon Jennings for his album, What Goes Around Comes Around, and Jerry Jeff Walker for his album, Too Old to Change. Brooks & Dunn recorded a version in 2003 as a tribute to Waylon. Andy Griggs recorded a version for his 1999 first album, You Won't Ever Be Lonely.\n\"Baby, Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" was covered by Emmylou Harris on her 1983 album White Shoes and by Rosanne Cash on her 1979 album Right or Wrong. \"Song for the Life\" was first covered in 1980 by John Denver and in 1982 by Waylon Jennings. Alan Jackson released his version as a single from his album Who I Am in 1994 where it became a top ten hit.\nWillie Nelson, Ricky Skaggs, Emmylou Harris and Nicolette Larson sang background vocals on several of the tracks.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll tracks composed by Rodney Crowell; except where indicated\nSide 1\n\n\"Elvira\" (Dallas Frazier) – 4:26\n\"(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I\" (Bill Trader) – 3:14\n\"Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight\" (Donivan Cowart, Rodney Crowell) – 3:26\n\"Voilá, An American Dream\" – 3:53\n\"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" – 5:04\nSide 2\n\n\"Baby, Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" – 4:31\n\"Song for the Life\" – 4:43\n\"I Thought I Heard You Callin' My Name\" (Lee Emerson) – 3:13\n\"California Earthquake (A Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On)\" – 6:20\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nRodney Crowell – vocals, acoustic guitar\n\n\n=== Additional musicians ===\nBrian Ahern – acoustic guitar, percussion\nByron Berline – fiddle, violin\nHal Blaine – drums\nJames Burton – Dobro, electric guitar, acoustic guitar\nRy Cooder – acoustic and slide guitar\nDonivan Cowart – background vocals\nHank DeVito – steel guitar\nDr. John – keyboards\nAmos Garrett – acoustic and electric guitar\nJohn Goldthwaite – electric guitar\nEmory Gordy Jr. – bass guitar\nRichard Greene – strings\nGlen Hardin – piano\nEmmylou Harris – acoustic guitar, electric guitarAin't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better StartAin't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" and \"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, \"Ain't Living Long Like This\" is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it \"\"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer\"\". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible. are cover songs:\n\n\"Elvira\" – Dallas Frazier, Elvira (1966)\n\"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" – Hank Snow(1952) [Covered by many other artists such as Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves and Lou Rawls]\n\"I Thought I Heard You Callin' My Name\" – Norma Jean, Let's Go All the Way (1965)\nMany Crowell-penned songs have since been covered by other artists. \"Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Day",
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},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million toWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Please Remember Me",
"paragraph_text": " reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, a position that it held for five weeks. The song was also McGraw's biggest solo hit on the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 10. McGraw's rendition features Patty Loveless on harmony vocals.\n\n\n==\"Please Remember Me\" is a song co-written by American country music artists Rodney Crowell and Will Jennings. Originally recorded by Crowell for his 1995 album \"Jewel of the South\", his version was released as its lead (and only) single and peaked at number 69 on the \"Billboard\" country chart in early June.\"Please\"Please Remember Me\" is a song co-written by American country music artists Rodney Crowell and Will Jennings. Originally recorded by Crowell for his 1995 album \"Jewel of the South\", his version was released as its lead (and only) single and peaked at number 69 on the \"Billboard\" country chart in early June. Aaron Neville and Linda Ronstadt, but was not released as a single.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Tim McGraw version ==\n \nFour years after",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who owns the record label that the artist who sings Please Remember Me is signed to? | [
{
"id": 480375,
"question": "Please Remember Me >> performer",
"answer": "Rodney Crowell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 709625,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who is the owner of the record label of the Please Remember Me performer? |
2hop__475808_74481 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Godfather Part II",
"paragraph_text": "ily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who isThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.The Godfather is a trilogy of American crime films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The films follow the trials of the fictional Italian American mafia Corleone family whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974, and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning between $430 and $517 million worldwide. The Godfather and The Godfather Part II are both seen by many as two of the greatest films of all time. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads toThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mistress (1992 film)",
"paragraph_text": " his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistressMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.MMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.uhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistressMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.Mistress is a 1992 American comedy-drama film directed by Barry Primus in his directorial debut, written by Primus and J. F. Lawton, and starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistress he insists be cast in the film in exchange for his financial backing. The women are the highly talented Beverly, the alcoholic flight attendant Patricia and the perky but talentless Peggy.\nMarvin repeatedly is asked to compromise his standards and change his script to accommodate these backers until the script becomes almost unrecognizable from its original form. The project also puts a strain on the marriage of Marvin and his long-patient wife Rachel.\nMarvin's screenplay is a bleak one about a painter who commits suicide, and was inspired by the case of an actor named Warren who abruptly committed suicide by jumping off a building in the midst of the making of a film Marvin had been directing. Roth brings in young Stuart Stratland to adapt the script for the investors' mistresses, but not only does Stuart constantly enrage Marvin with his suggested changes, he falls in love with Peggy and they have an affair.\nWhen Marvin's wife demands he grow up and move with her to New York, where she is opening a restaurant, he breaks up with her instead, giving his loyalty to a film that, as she puts it, nobody wants to see. On the verge of signing contracts, everything falls apart, when Beverly discovers that the role she expected to play has been drastically reduced in Peggy's favor.\nMarvin is left alone, a broken man, done with Hollywood for good. Or at least until the next time Jack Roth gets in touch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nSource:\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\n\n=== Critical response ===\nRotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 72% based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMistress at IMDb\nMistress at Rotten Tomatoes\nMistress at Box Office MojoMistress is a 1992 American comedy-drama film directed by Barry Primus in his directorial debut, written by Primus and J. F. Lawton, and starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistress he insists be cast in the film in",
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] | Who portrayed the producer of Mistress in The Godfather Part II? | [
{
"id": 475808,
"question": "Mistress >> producer",
"answer": "Robert De Niro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 74481,
"question": "who did #1 play in godfather 2",
"answer": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Vito Corleone | [
"Vito Andolini",
"Vito Andolini Corleone"
] | true | In The Godfather Part II, who did the producer of Mistress play? |
3hop1__140855_2053_5289 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey ScheinIn 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Then Came Bronson",
"paragraph_text": " way and to whom he lends a helping hand when possible. Bronson rides a Harley-Davidson Sportster motorcycle and, as such, he was viewed by some as a modern version of the solitary cowboy wandering the American west. The motorcycle had previously been sold to Nick by Bronson. After it is left at the scene of the suicide by his friend, Bronson buys it back from the widow.\nThough the opening promises a journey of self-discovery, the premise of each episode is that Bronson enters someone else's life at a crucial point and acts as a catalyst for change. When Bronson encounters an Amish community, for example, a local boy becomes enraptured by the outside world and steals Bronson's motorcycle to run off to Reno, Nevada. In another episode, located in Reno, Nevada, Bronson meets his cousin Eve on her wedding day and lends her money for the wedding service, but she runs off to the casinos and gambles it away.\nThe first three episodes, including the end credits scenes, were shot in and around Jackson, Wyoming. The pilot film was also shown at the town's (then) only theater to give the locals a sense of what the series was going to be about, since they were shooting in town and at popular local area locations.\nBronson is committed to pacifism and often redirects an antagonist's anger into self-examination. Always, like a true catalyst, Bronson rolls out of every episode unchanged.\nThe show had obvious similarities to the early 1960s series Route 66; Michael Parks guest-starred in one episodeThen Came Bronson is an American adventure/drama television series starring Michael Parks that aired on NBC. It was created by Denne Bart Petitclerc, and produced by MGM Television. \"Then Came Bronson\" began with a television film pilot that aired on NBC on March 24, 1969; the pilot was also released in Europe as a theatrical feature film. This was followed by a single season of 26 episodes airing between September 17, 1969 and April 1, 1970. Overview ==\nThe series features Parks as the protagonist, James \"Jim\" Bronson, a newspaperman who becomes disillusioned after the suicide of his best friend Nick (Martin Sheen), and with \"working for The Man\" after a heated argument with his editor.\nIn order to renew his soul, Bronson becomes a vagabond searching for the meaning of life and seeking experiences that life has to offer (as revealed in the series pilot). During his travels, he shares his values with the people he meets along the way and to whom he lends a helping hand when possible. Bronson rides a Harley-Davidson Sportster motorcycle and, as such, he was viewed by some as a modern version of the solitary cowboy wandering the American west. The motorcycle had previously been sold to Nick by Bronson. After it is left at the scene of the suicide by his friend, Bronson buys it back from the widow.\nThough the opening promises a journey of self-discovery, the premise of each episode is that Bronson enters someone else's life at a crucial point and acts as a catalyst for change. When Bronson encounters an Amish community, for example, a local boy becomes enraptured by the outside world and steals Bronson's motorcycle to run off to Reno, Nevada. In another episode, located in Reno, Nevada, Bronson meets his cousin Eve on her wedding day and lends her money for the wedding service, but she runs off to the casinos and gambles it away.\nThe first three episodes, including the end credits scenes, were shot in and around Jackson, Wyoming. The pilot film was also shown at the town's (then) only theater to give the locals a sense of what the series was going to be about, since they were shooting in town and at popular local area locations.\nBronson is committed to pacifism and often redirects an antagonist's anger into self-examination. Always, like a true catalyst, Bronson rolls out of every episode unchanged.\nThe show had obvious similarities to the early 1960s series Route 66; Michael Parks guest-starred in one episode",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs areThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller",
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] | Which British record label was purchased by the corporation that, in addition to ABC and the initial broadcaster of Then Came Bronson, represents another primary broadcaster located in New York? | [
{
"id": 140855,
"question": "What was the original network of Then Came Bronson?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 5289,
"question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?",
"answer": "Oriole Records.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Oriole Records. | [
"Oriole Records"
] | true | What UK label was bought by the company which, along with ABC and the original broadcaster of Then Came Bronson, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
2hop__25344_88628 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Turner Classic Movies",
"paragraph_text": " Turner renaming the studio MGM Entertainment Co. Furthermore, Turner's purchase of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer separated the studio from United Artists, which remained with Kirk Kerkorian, after they had merged in 1981. However, concerns over MGM and Turner Broadcasting's corporate debt load (totaling $2 billion) resulted in Turner selling the studio back to Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. \nOn August 26, 1986, Turner sold MGM's production and distribution assets for $300 million to United Artists, while MGM's production and film laboratories were sold for $190 million to Lorimar-Telepictures. However, Turner Broadcasting still retained the MGM film library, primarily for its cable \"superstation\" WTBS. Following the exchange, Turner rebranded his organization Turner Entertainment Company. \nThe film library of Turner Entertainment Co. would serve as the base form of programming for Turner Classic Movies upon theIn October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a \"True Grit\" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.TIn October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a \"True Grit\" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.. However, Turner Classic Movies also licenses films from other studios and occasionally shows more recent films.\nThe channel is available in the United States, Canada, Malta (as Turner Classic Movies), Latin America, France, Greece, Cyprus, Spain, the Middle East & Africa (as TNT)\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nIn 1985, nine years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner announced plans to acquire the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film studio for $1.5 billion. On March 25, 1986, the deal was finalized, with Turner renaming the studio MGM Entertainment Co. Furthermore, Turner's purchase of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer separated the studio from United Artists, which remained with Kirk Kerkorian, after they had merged in 1981. However, concerns over MGM and Turner Broadcasting's corporate debt load (totaling $2 billion) resulted in Turner selling the studio back to Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. \nOn August 26, 1986, Turner sold MGM's production and distribution assets for $300 million to United Artists, while MGM's production and film laboratories were sold for $190 million to Lorimar-Telepictures. However, Turner Broadcasting still retained the MGM film library, primarily for its cable \"superstation\" WTBS. Following the exchange, Turner rebranded his organization Turner Entertainment Company. \nThe film library of Turner Entertainment Co. would serve as the base form of programming for Turner Classic Movies upon theIn October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a \"True Grit\" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is an American movie-oriented pay-TV network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched in 1994, Turner Classic Movies is headquartered at Turner's Techwood broadcasting campus in the Midtown business district of Atlanta, Georgia.\nThe channel's programming consists mainly of classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment Co. film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. (covering films released before 1950), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986), and the North American distribution rights to films from RKO Radio Pictures. However, Turner Classic Movies also licenses films from other studios and occasionally shows more recent films.\nThe channel is available in the United States, Canada, Malta (as Turner Classic Movies), Latin America, France, Greece, Cyprus, Spain, the Middle East & Africa (as TNT)\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nIn 1985, nine years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner announced plans to acquire the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film studio for $1.5 billion. On March 25, 1986, the",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "True Grit (1969 film)",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Pepper at a remote dugout cabin. Cogburn captures and interrogates the two men. Moon is shot in the leg during the capture, and Cogburn uses the injury as leverage for information about Pepper. Quincy slams a knife down on Moon's hand to shut him up, severing four of his fingers, then kills him. Cogburn shoots Quincy dead. Before dying, Moon reveals Pepper and his gang are due at the cabin that night for fresh mounts.\nRooster and La Boeuf lay a trap. Upon arriving, Pepper is suspicious and draws La Boeuf's fire, which blows cover of the planned ambush with a premature shot, inadvertently killing Pepper's horse. A firefight ensues, during which Cogburn and La Boeuf kill two gang members, but Pepper and the rest of his men escape unharmed.True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.True Grit is a 1969 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway, starring John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn, Glen Campbell as La Boeuf and Kim Darby as Mattie Ross. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won an Oscar for his performance in the film and reprised his character for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated.\nThe movie's success, launched a series of films including a 1975 sequel, a 1978 made-for-TV sequel, and a 2010 remake film adaptation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires agingTrue Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.burn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated.\nThe movie's success, launched a series of films including a 1975 sequel, a 1978 made-for-TV sequel, and a 2010 remake film adaptation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Pepper at a remote dugout cabin. Cogburn captures and interrogates the two men. Moon is shot in the leg during the capture, and Cogburn uses the injury as leverage for information about Pepper. Quincy slams a knife down on Moon's hand to shut him up, severing four of his fingers, then kills him. Cogburn shoots Quincy dead. Before dying, Moon reveals Pepper and his gang are due at the cabin that night for fresh mounts.\nRooster and La Boeuf lay a trap. Upon arriving, Pepper is suspicious and draws La Boeuf's fire, which blows cover of the planned ambush with a premature shot, inadvertently killing Pepper's horse. A firefight ensues, during which Cogburn and La Boeuf kill two gang members, but Pepper and the rest of his men escape unharmed.True Grit is a ",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who was the character portrayed by the lead actor in True Grit? | [
{
"id": 25344,
"question": "Who starred in True Grit?",
"answer": "John Wayne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 88628,
"question": "who did #1 play in true grit",
"answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn | [
"America",
"U.S.",
"the United States",
"United States",
"US"
] | true | In True Grit, who did the star play? |
4hop1__813171_153080_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, MaxCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, ",
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized NativeArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of hisAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Changes Two",
"paragraph_text": "Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus' album \"Changes One\". Accordingly, Atlantic Records initially released the record. In 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus' album \"Changes One\". Accordingly, Atlantic Records initially released the record. In 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" features vocals by Jackie Paris.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Free Cell Block F, 'Tis Nazi U.S.A.\" – 6:56\n\"Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Silk Blue\" – 17:32\n\"Black Bats and Poles\" (Jack Walrath) – 6:22\n\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" – 4:15\n\"For Harry Carney\" (Sy Johnson) – 7:59\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – acoustic bass\nJack Walrath – trumpet\nGeorge Adams – tenor saxophone\nDon Pullen – piano\nDannie Richmond – drums\nMarcus Belgrave – trumpet (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nJackie Paris – vocals (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nSy Johnson – arranger (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\n\n\n=== Technical personnel ===\nNesuhi Ertegun – engineer, executive producer\nDavid Gahr – photos\nNat Hentoff – liner notes\nİlhan Mimaroğlu – producer, remixing\nGene Paul – engineer, remastering\nPaula Scher – cover design\nBobby Warner – remixing\n\n\n== References ==Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" features vocals by Jackie Paris.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Free Cell Block F, 'Tis Nazi U.S.A.\" – 6:56\n\"Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Silk Blue\" – 17:32\n\"Black Bats and Poles\" (Jack Walrath) – 6:22\n\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" – 4:15\n\"For Harry Carney\" (Sy Johnson) – 7:59\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – acoustic bass\nJack Walrath – trumpet\nGeorge Adams – tenor saxophone\nDon Pullen – piano\nDannie Richmond – drums\nMarcus Belgrave – trumpet (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nJackie Paris – vocals (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nSy Johnson – arranger (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\n\n\n=== Technical personnel ===\nNesuhi Ertegun – engineer, executive producer\nDavid Gahr – photos\nNat Hentoff – liner notes\nİlhan Mimaroğlu – producer, remixing\nGene Paul – engineer, remastering\nPaula Scher – cover design\nBobby Warner – remixing\n\n\n== References ==Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" features vocals by Jackie Paris.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Free Cell Block F, 'Tis Nazi U.S.A.\" – 6:56\n\"Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Silk Blue\" – 17:32\n\"Black Bats and Poles\" (Jack Walrath) – 6:22\n\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" – 4:15\n\"For Harry Carney\" (Sy Johnson) – 7:59\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – acoustic bass\nJack Walrath – trumpet\nGeorge Adams – tenor saxophone\nDon Pullen – piano\nDannie Richmond – drums\nMarcus Belgrave – trumpet (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nJackie Paris – vocals (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nSy Johnson – arranger (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\n\n\n=== Technical personnel ===\nNesuhi Ertegun – engineer, executive producer\nDavid Gahr – photos\nNat Hentoff – liner notes\nİlhan Mimaroğlu – producer, remixing\nGene Paul – engineer, remastering\nPaula Scher – cover design\nBobby Warner – remixing\n\n\n== References ==Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" features vocals by Jackie Paris.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Free Cell Block F, 'Tis Nazi U.S.A.\" – 6:56\n\"Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Silk Blue\" – 17:32",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the victor of the Indy car competition in the biggest city and the seat of government in the state that the artist who performed Changes Two is originated from? | [
{
"id": 813171,
"question": "Changes Two >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest city and capitol of the state where the Changes Two performer is from? |
2hop__819974_129669 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_text": " capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.Vila Franca de Xira (Portuguese pronunciation: [��vil�� ��f������k�� ���� ����i����] ) is a city and municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 137,659, in an area of 318.19 km2. \nSituated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and October. Bulls are raised in the salty marshlands of the Ribatejo, which is also a notable breeding ground for the Lusitano horse, esteemed for its quick reflexes and maneuverability. A numberVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200. as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and OctoberVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa",
"paragraph_text": " 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2021 was 40,905, in an area of 9.16 km².\n\n\n== See alsoPóvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16 km².PPóvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16 km². See also ==\nPóvoa de Santa Iria\nForte da Casa\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJunta de Freguesia Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa (in Portuguese)Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2021 was 40,905, in an area of 9.16 km².\n\n\n== See alsoPóvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16 km².Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2021 was 40,905, in an area of 9.16 km².\n\n\n== See also ==\nPóvoa de Santa Iria\nForte da Casa\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJunta de Freguesia Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa (in Portuguese)Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2021 was 40,905, in an area of 9.16 km².\n\n\n== See also ==\nPóvoa de Santa Iria\nForte da Casa\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJunta de Freguesia Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa (in Portuguese)Póvoa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Póvoa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2021 was 40,905, in an area of 9.16 km",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What state is the municipality of Póvoa de Santa Iria situated in? | [
{
"id": 819974,
"question": "Póvoa de Santa Iria >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 129669,
"question": "In which state is #1 located?",
"answer": "Lisbon District",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Lisbon District | [
"Lisbon"
] | true | In which state is Póvoa de Santa Iria's municipality located? |
2hop__427249_20057 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "GNU Free Documentation License",
"paragraph_text": " revisions, version 1.1 was issued in March 2000, version 1.2 in November 2002, and version 1.3 in November 2008. The current state of the license is version 1.3.\nOn December 1, 2007, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales announced that a long period of discussion and negotiation between and amongst the Free Software Foundation, Creative Commons, the Wikimedia Foundation and others had produced a proposal supported by both the FSF and Creative Commons to modify the Free Documentation License in such a fashion as to allow the possibility for the Wikimedia Foundation to migrate the projects to the similar Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license. These changes were implemented on version 1.3 of the license, which includes a new provision allowing certain materials released under the (GFDL) license to be used under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license also.\n\n\n== Conditions ==\nMaterial licensed under the current version of the license can be used for any purpose, as long as the use meets certain conditions.\n\nAll previous authors of the work must be attributed.\nAll changes to the work must be logged.\nAll derivative works must be licensed under the same license.\nThe full text of the license, unmodified invariant sections as defined by the author if any, and any other added warranty disclaimers (such as a general disclaimer alerting readers that the document may not be accurate for example) and copyright notices from previous versions must be maintained.\nTechnical measures such as DRM may not be used to control or obstruct distribution or editing of the document.\n\n\n=== Secondary sections ===\nThe license explicitly separates any kind of \"Document\" from \"Secondary Sections\", which may not be integrated with the Document, but exist as front-matter materials or appendices. Secondary sections can contain information regarding the author's or publisher's relationship to the subject matter, but not any subject matter itself. While the Document itself is wholly editable and is essentially covered by a license equivalent to (but mutually incompatible with) the GNU General Public License, some of the secondary sections have various restrictions designed primarily to deal with proper attribution to previous authors.\nSpecifically, the authors of prior versions have to be acknowledged and certain \"invariant sections\" specified by the original author and dealing with his or her relationship to the subject matter may not be changed. If the material is modified, its title has to be changed (unless the prior authors permit to retain the title).\nThe license also has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, as well as for \"History\", \"Acknowledgements\", \"Dedications\" and \"Endorsements\" sections. These features were added in part to make the license more financially attractive to commercial publishers of software documentation, some of whom were consulted during the drafting of the GFDL. \"Endorsements\" sections are intended to be used in official standard documents, where the distribution of modified versions should only be permitted if they are not labeled as that standard anymore.\n\n\n=== Commercial redistribution ===\nThe GFDL requires the ability to \"copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially\" and therefore is incompatible with material that excludes commercial reThe GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for \"invariant sections\") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.TheThe GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for \"invariant sections\") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.The GFDL was designed for manuals, textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GNU software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Intellectual property",
"paragraph_text": " appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicatingFree Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term. property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place. Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds.\nThe intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is \"indivisible\", since an unlimited number of people can",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the founder of the organization responsible for authoring the GNU Free Documentation License? | [
{
"id": 427249,
"question": "GNU Free Documentation License >> author",
"answer": "Free Software Foundation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 20057,
"question": "Who founded #1 ?",
"answer": "Richard Stallman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Richard Stallman | [
"rms"
] | true | Who founded the organization that wrote GNU Free Documentation License? |
2hop__72487_510545 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)",
"paragraph_text": "A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner. garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\nComposer James Horner was a frequent collaborator with Ron Howard, the director of A Beautiful Mind. Horner desired to feature vocals reminiscent of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, as its \"patterns are always changing, and things move very quickly, but in moving so quickly, they create other patterns that move very slowly underneath\". He added that these changing patterns were conveyed with the piano and Church's voice.\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\nWriting for Empire magazine, Danny Graydon gave the soundtrack four out of five stars. He thought the score contained elements of Horner's previous films Sneakers (1992) and Bicentennial Man (1999), but said \"if you can forgive that, this is a clever, masterful and romantic score that captures a brilliant mind in conflict\". In the tracks \"Creating Government Dynamics\" and \"Cracking The Russian Codes\", Graydon opined that Church's \"poignant vocals mix well with the frenetic piano and strings to represent Nash’s brilliance\" and wished that her voice had been used more in the film.\nDan Goldwasser of Soundtrack.net also found similarities to the score in Bicentennial Man, but thought Horner's work fit the film regardless, explaining \"it effectively underscores the drama and romance, and even provides a few bits of tension for the action scene\". Goldwasser concluded that \"while it all works well in the film, there is enough about this score that just seemed to [sic] 'familiar' to make it stand out\". Contributing to National Public Radio, Andy Trudeau believed Church's particular voice adds a \"human element. It's the sound that, I think, gives a sense of--the center of this character, if you will. I think it's the soul. And it's trying to be normal in a way, and underneath it it's trying to be crazy\".\nHorner's score garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. It lost the Golden Globe to the film Moulin Rouge! and the Oscar to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAdapted from:\n\n\n== References ==A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.\nThe album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\nComposer James Horner was a frequent collaborator with Ron Howard, the director of A Beautiful Mind. Horner desired to feature vocals reminiscent of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, as its \"patterns are always changing, and things move very quickly, but in moving so quickly, they create other patterns that move very slowly underneath\". He added that these changing patterns were conveyed with the piano and Church's voice.\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\nWriting for Empire magazine, Danny Graydon gave the soundtrack four out of five stars. He thought the score contained elements of Horner's previous films Sneakers (1992) and Bicentennial Man (1999), but said \"if you can forgive that, this is a clever, masterful and romantic score that captures a brilliant mind in conflict\". In the tracks \"Creating Government Dynamics\" and \"Cracking The Russian Codes\", Graydon opined that Church's \"poignant vocals mix well with the frenetic piano and strings to represent Nash’s brilliance\" and wished that her voice had been used more in the film.\nDan Goldwasser of Soundtrack.net also found similarities to the score in Bicentennial Man, but thought Horner's work fit the film regardless, explaining \"it effectively underscores the drama and romance, and even provides a few bits of tension for the action scene\". Goldwasser concluded that \"while it all works well in the film, there is enough about this score that just seemed to [sic] 'familiar' to make it stand out\". Contributing to National Public Radio, Andy Trudeau believed Church's particular voice adds a \"human element. It's the sound that, I think, gives a sense of--the center of this character, if you will. I think it's the soul. And it's trying to be normal in a way, and underneath it it's trying to be crazy\".\nHorner's score garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. It lost the Golden Globe to the film Moulin Rouge! and the Oscar to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAdapted from:\n\n\n== References ==A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.\nThe album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\nComposer James Horner was a frequent collaborator with Ron Howard, the director of A Beautiful Mind. Horner desired to feature vocals reminiscent of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, as its \"patterns are always changing, and things move very quickly, but in moving so quickly, they create other patterns that move very slowly underneath\". He added that these changing patterns were conveyed with the piano and Church's voice.\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\nWriting for Empire magazine, Danny Graydon gave the soundtrack four out of five stars. He thought the score contained elements of Horner's previous films Sneakers (1992) and Bicentennial Man (1999), but said \"if you can forgive that, this is a clever, masterful and romantic score that captures a brilliant mind in conflict\". In the tracks \"Creating Government Dynamics\" and \"Cracking The Russian Codes\", Graydon opined that Church's \"poignant vocals mix well with the frenetic piano and strings to represent Nash’s brilliance\" and wished that her voice had been used more in the film.\nDan Goldwasser of Soundtrack.net also found similarities to the score in Bicentennial Man, but thought Horner's work fit the film regardless, explaining \"it effectively underscores the drama and romance, and even provides a few bits of tension for the action scene\". Goldwasser concluded that \"while it all works well in the film, there is enough about this score that just seemed to [sic] 'familiar' to make it stand out\". Contributing to National Public Radio, Andy Trudeau believed Church's particular voice adds a \"",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_text": ", which would later become the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Osric to Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet. In The Tempest, he was the understudy for the role of Ferdinand; he then took over the part when the play transferred to Drury Lane with Sir John Gielgud.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nAfter a few years with the New Zealand Players, he returned home and taught at Corona Stage School, where he met Anne Kettle, whom he would later marry. He moved on to Norway as the Artistic Director of the English Theatre Company there, inviting Kettle over as his stage manager. Back in England they renewed their friendship at the Lincoln Theatre Royale. They married and settled in North London, \"a rough estate in Harlesden\" according to their son, and although stage work continued to be his focus, when his children were born he looked for other work to be closer to home. He continued to act, mainly in television; during this period he was cast in one of his most famous roles, as Tarak on Doctor Who.\nThe couple had three children: daughter Sarah, elder son Paul and younger son Matthew. Sarah and Paul initially attended school in North London. When Sarah, Paul and Matthew were 11, 9 and 2 years old, respectively, their father obtained employment as a drama teacher at the Hertfordshire all-girls boarding school, Queenswood School; the family lived on campus.\nHis son, Matthew, died after a fall at Queenswood when he was 8. Soon after, Paul left home to live on his own in London. Thane and Anne divorced in 1993 after 25 years of marriage. Bettany considered paying privately for sex-reassignment surgery, as he was too old for NHS protocols; in the end he judged it too expensive, and likely to hinder his remaining acting career. He lived in Fife, Scotland with his partner, Andy Little, continuing to work regularly as an actor, including performing with Dundee Rep until his death in November 2015. According to his son Paul, following the death of Andy after a 20 year relationship, Thane \"went back into the closet\" out of difficulties with grief and with reconciling his sexuality and Catholicism, fearing \"not being able to get into Heaven\".\nBettany was the father-in-law of actress Jennifer Connelly, who married his son Paul in 2003.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThane Bettany at IMDb\n\"My Son, the Actor\"\nBiography of Paul BettanyThane William Howard Hardcastle Christopher Bettany (28 May 1929 – 7 November 2015) was an English actor and dancer. He was the father of film and theatre actor Paul Bettany.\n\n\n== Early years ==\nThane Bettany was born in Sarawak, an independent state on the island of Borneo, which was then a British protectorate governed by the White Rajahs. Thane grew up with an elder brother, named Peter Bettany. His godmother was the American memoirist Agnes Newton Keith, author of Three Came Home.\nThe Bettanys knew the Rhys-Jones family, also British expats in Sarawak. In 1965, when both had been widowed, Howard John Bettany, Thane's father, married Margaret Rhys-Jones (née Molesworth; a descendant of Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth). The same year, further intermingling the families, Thane Bettany stood godfather to his new stepbrother's daughter, Sophie. In 1999 he was summoned by royal command to attend her wedding to Prince Edward, when she became Countess of Wessex (later Duchess of Edinburgh).\n\n\n== Dancing career ==\nBettany had become enamoured with ballet after seeing a performance as a child. Once he left school he took the money given to him by his father to go to school to study ballet. After National Service, when he served in the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm as a mechanic, he entered Sadler's Wells Ballet School (which later became the Royal Ballet School). He began dancing in musical theatre, but after an accident on stage when he broke his back he had to give up professional dance. Acting was an obvious career move, but he had a stammer. He went to study mime in Paris with Charles Antonetti, who helped him manage his stammer. Bettany returned to England and joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company, which would later become the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Osric to Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet. In The Tempest, he was the understudy for the role of Ferdinand; he then took over the part when the play transferred to Drury Lane with Sir John Gielgud.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nAfter a few years with the New Zealand Players, he returned home and taught at Corona Stage School, where he met Anne Kettle, whom he would later marry. He moved on to Norway as the Artistic Director of the English Theatre Company there, inviting Kettle over as his stage manager. Back in England they renewed their friendship at the Lincoln Theatre Royale. They married and settled in North London, \"a rough estate in Harlesden\" according to their son, and although stage work continued to be his focus, when his children were born he looked for other work to be closer to home. He continued to act, mainly in television; during this period he was cast in one of his most famous roles, as Tarak on Doctor Who.\nThe couple had three children: daughter Sarah, elder son Paul and younger son Matthew. Sarah and Paul initially attended school in North London. When Sarah, Paul and Matthew were 11, 9 and 2 years old, respectively, their father obtained employment as a drama teacher at the Hertfordshire all-girls boarding school, Queenswood School; the family lived on campus.\nHis son, Matthew, died after a fall at Queenswood when he was 8. Soon after, Paul left home to live on his own in London. Thane and Anne divorced in 1993 after 25 years of marriage. Bettany considered paying privately for sex-reassignment surgery, as he was too old for NHS protocols; in the end he judged it too expensive, and likely to hinder his remaining acting career. He lived in Fife, Scotland with his partner, Andy Little, continuing to work regularly as an actor, including performing with Dundee Rep until his death in November 2015. According to his son Paul, following the death of Andy after a 20 year relationship, Thane \"went back into the closet\" out of difficulties with grief and with reconciling his sexuality and Catholicism, fearing \"not being able to get into Heaven\".\nBettany was the father-in-law of actress Jennifer Connelly, who married his son Paul in 2003.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== ExternalPaul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006).Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), for which he garnered praise. He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006). Thane Bettany stood godfather to his new stepbrother's daughter, Sophie. In 1999 he was summoned by royal command to attend her wedding to Prince Edward, when she became Countess of Wessex (later Duchess of Edinburgh).\n\n\n== Dancing career ==\nBettany had become enamoured with ballet after seeing a performance as a child. Once he left school he took the money given to him by his father to go to school to study ballet. After National Service, when he served in the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm as a mechanic, he entered Sadler's Wells Ballet School (which later became the Royal Ballet",
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}
] | What's the name of the person married to the actor who portrays Vision in Avengers: Age of Ultron? | [
{
"id": 72487,
"question": "who plays vision in avengers age of ultron",
"answer": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 510545,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Jennifer Connelly",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Jennifer Connelly | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actor that plays vision in avengers age of ultron? |
2hop__507722_124896 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Novum Organum",
"paragraph_text": " is common to all instances in the first table, is lacking from all instances of the second table and varies by degree in instances of the third table.\nThe title page of Novum Organum depicts a galleon passing between the mythical Pillars of Hercules that stand either side of the Strait of Gibraltar, marking the exit from the well-charted waters of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pillars, as the boundary of the Mediterranean, have been smashed through by Iberian sailors, opening a new world for exploration. Bacon hopes that empirical investigation will, similarly, smash the old scientific ideas and lead to greater understanding of the world and heavens. This title page was liberally copied from Andrés García de Céspedes's Regimiento de Navegación, published in 1606.\nThe Latin tag across the bottom – Multi pertransibunt & augebitur scientia – is taken from the Old Testament (Daniel 12:4). It means:The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive indicia vera de Interpretatione Naturae (New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work \"Organon\", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In \"Novum Organum\", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method.The NovThe Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive indicia vera de Interpretatione Naturae (New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work \"Organon\", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In \"Novum Organum\", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method. old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method.\nFor Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning. In finding the cause of a 'phenomenal nature' such as heat, one must list all of the situations where heat is found. Then another list should be drawn up, listing situations that are similar to those of the first list except for the lack of heat. A third table lists situations where heat can vary. The 'form nature', or cause, of heat must be that which is common to all instances in the first table, is lacking from all instances of the second table and varies by degree in instances of the third table.\nThe title page of Novum Organum depicts a galleon passing between the mythical Pillars of Hercules that stand either side of the Strait of Gibraltar, marking the exit from the well-charted waters of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pillars, as the boundary of the Mediterranean, have been smashed through by Iberian sailors, opening a new world for exploration. Bacon hopes that empirical investigation will, similarly, smash the old scientific ideas and lead to greater understanding of the world and heavens. This title page was liberally copied from Andrés García de Céspedes's Regimiento de Navegación, published in 1606.\nThe Latin tag across the bottom – Multi pertransibunt & augebitur scientia – is taken from the Old Testament (Daniel 12:4). It means:The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive indicia vera de Interpretatione Naturae (New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work \"Organon\", which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In \"Novum Organum\", Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method.The Novum Organum, fully Novum Organum, sive Indicia Vera de Interpretatione Naturae (\"New organon, or true directions concerning the interpretation of nature\") or Instaurationis Magnae, Pars II (\"Part II of The Great Instauration\"), is a philosophical work by",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Francis Bacon",
"paragraph_text": " His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s \"screaming popes,\" the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings.\nBacon did not begin to paint until his late twenties, having drifted in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an interior decorator, bon vivant and gambler. He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. His breakthrough came with the 1944 triptych Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, which sealed his reputation as a uniquely bleak chronicler of the human condition. From the mid-1960s, he mainly produced portraits of friends and drinking companions, either as single, diptych or triptych panels. Following the suicide of his lover George Dyer in 1971 (memorialised in his Black Triptychs, and a number of posthumous portraits), his art became more sombre, inward-looking and preoccupied with the passage of time and death. The climax of his later period is marked by the masterpieces Study for Self-Portrait (1982) and Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86.\nDespite his existentialist and bleak outlook, Bacon was charismatic, articulate and well-read. A bon vivant, he spent his middle age eating, drinking and gambling in London's Soho with like-minded friends including Lucian Freud (although they fell out in the mid-1970s, for reasons neither ever explained), John Deakin, Muriel Belcher, Henrietta Moraes, Daniel Farson, Tom Baker and Jeffrey Bernard. After Dyer's suicide, he largely distanced himself from this circle, and while still socially active and his passion for gambling and drinking continued, he settled into a platonic and somewhat fatherly relationship with his eventual heir, John Edwards.\nSince his death, Bacon's reputation has grown steadily, and his work is among the most acclaimed,Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle. he strove to render \"the brutality of fact.\" He built up a reputation as one of the giants of contemporary art with his unique style.\nBacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work, which numbers in the region of 590 extant paintings along with many others he destroyed, typically focused on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats. His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s \"screaming popes,\" the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings.\nBacon did not",
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}
] | Who is the paternal figure of the individual who penned Novum Organum? | [
{
"id": 507722,
"question": "Novum Organum >> author",
"answer": "Francis Bacon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 124896,
"question": "What is the name of #1 father?",
"answer": "Nicholas Bacon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Nicholas Bacon | [
"Sir Nicholas Bacon"
] | true | Who is the father of the author of Novum Organum? |
4hop2__71753_685934_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, also known as Ibn Saud in Western countries. Abdulaziz united the four regions intoFor much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930. 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day Pakistan in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.\nThe area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct historical regions: Hejaz, Naj",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefinedThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor Eber), Zion, and Judea, were considered but rejected. The name Israel was suggested by Ben-Gurion and passed by a vote of 6–3. In the early weeks",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "The World (archipelago)",
"paragraph_text": " development led by Kleindienst Group.\n\n\n== The World Project ==\nIslands in the project range from 1.4 to 4.2 hectares (3.5 to 10.4 acres) in area. Distances between islands average 100 metres (110 yd); they are constructed from 321 million cubic metres of sand and 386 million tons of rock. Designed by Creative Kingdom Dubai, the development is an area that covers 6 by 9 kilometres (3.2 by 4.9 nmi) and is surrounded by an oval-shaped breakwater island. Roughly 232 km (144 mi) of shoreline has been created. The World's overall development costs were estimated at $13 billion CAD in 2005.\nThe archipelago consists of seven sets of islands, representing the continents of Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Antarctica, and Oceania. Each artificial island is named after its representative country, landmark, or region, such as France, California, Rio de Janeiro, Mount Everest, Australia, New Mexico, Upernavik, Buenos Aires, New York, Mexico, St. Petersburg, São Paulo, and India.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe project was unveiled in May 2003 by Al Maktoum, and dredging began four months later. By January 2008, 60% of the islands were sold, with 20 being bought in the first four months of 2007. On 10 January 2008, the final stone on the breakwater was laid, completing development of the archipelago. As of July 2012, a second island, the Lebanon Island (1.5 hectares, or 3.7 acres and 482.21 metres of perimeter)The World or The World Islands, (Arabic: جزر العالم; \"Juzur al-��lam\") is an artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map, located in the waters of the Persian Gulf, off the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The World islands are composed mainly of sand dredged from Dubai's shallow coastal waters, and are one of several artificial island developments in Dubai. The World's developer is Nakheel Properties, and the project was originally conceived by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai. The actual construction was done by two Dutch (joint venture) specialist companies, Van Oord and Boskalis. The same companies also created the Palm Jumeirah.TheThe World or The World Islands, (Arabic: جزر العالم; \"Juzur al-Ālam\") is an artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map, located in the waters of the Persian Gulf, off the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The World islands are composed mainly of sand dredged from Dubai's shallow coastal waters, and are one of several artificial island developments in Dubai. The World's developer is Nakheel Properties, and the project was originally conceived by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai. The actual construction was done by two Dutch (joint venture) specialist companies, Van Oord and Boskalis. The same companies also created the Palm Jumeirah.3, before being halted due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Though 60% of the islands were sold to private contractors in 2008, development on most of the project has not started. As of July 2012, Lebanon Island was completed and was the only island that had so far been developed commercially, being used for private corporate events and public parties. As of late 2013, only two of the islands had been developed. In January 2014, Kleindienst Group announced the launch of \"the Heart of Europe\" project. By",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area situated to the north of where Israel and The World are situated, established? | [
{
"id": 71753,
"question": "what region of the world is israel located",
"answer": "Middle East,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 685934,
"question": "The World >> located in or next to body of water",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1930 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of the region Israel is located and where The World is located created? |
2hop__125412_544665 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Chaya Mushka Schneersohn",
"paragraph_text": " Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of theChaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.Chaya Mushka (Moussia) Schneerson (Yiddish: ��י�� מו����א שני��ו����א��; March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988), referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn. She was named after the wife of the third Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\n\nShe was born in Babinovichi, near the city of Lubavitch on Shabbat, the 25th of Adar of the year 5661 (March 16, 1901 (NS); March 3, 190Chaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe. 1988), referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of theChaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.Chaya Mushka (Moussia) Schneerson (Yiddish: ��י�� מו����א שני��ו����א��; March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988), referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn. She was named after the wife of the third Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\n\nShe was born in Babinovichi, near the city of Lubavitch on Shabbat, the 25th of Adar of the year 5661 (March 16, 1901 (NS); March 3, 1901 (OS)). At the request of her grandfather, Sholom Dov",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Menucha Rochel Slonim",
"paragraph_text": " Menucha because in Hebrew the word \"menucha\" means \"peace and quiet\". He said, \"Henceforth we shall have a little Menucha.\" She was named Rochel after an aunt that died in her youth.\nHer husband's last name was originally Griver, a descendant of Rabbi Moses Isserles, the Rema; they chose to change it to Slonim (this was when it was still easy to change names). They then moved to Hebron.\n\n\n== Emigration to Hebron ==\nAfter she fell dangerously ill, her father promised that she would live to emigrate to the Land of Israel. In 1845, with the blessing of her brother-in-law, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, she and her family emigrated to Hebron. To allay her fears of rainstorms on the journey to Hebron, Rabbi Schneersohn blessed her to \"walk between the raindrops.\"\n\n\n== Life in Hebron ==\nFor forty-three years she served as the matriarch of the Hebron community. New brides and barren women would request blessings from her. Before she died on the 24th of Shevat, 5648 AM (6 February 1888), she sent a letter to the then Rebbe, Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, informing him of her imminent passing. She thus lived during the leadership of\"Rebbetzin\" Menucha Rochel Slonim (1798–1888) was a daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic dynasty. She is regarded a matriarch to the Chabad dynasty as well as Hebron's Jewish population in general.Re\"Rebbetzin\" Menucha Rochel Slonim (1798–1888) was a daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic dynasty. She is regarded a matriarch to the Chabad dynasty as well as Hebron's Jewish population in general.'s Jewish population in general.\n\n\n== Origin of name ==\nRebbetzin Slonim was born on the 19 Kislev, 5559 AM (27 November 1798), the same day her grandfather, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi was released from imprisonment in S. Petersburg. Her father chose the name Menucha because in Hebrew the word \"menucha\" means \"peace and quiet\". He said, \"Henceforth we shall have a little Menucha.\" She was named Rochel after an aunt that died in her youth.\nHer husband's last name was originally Griver, a descendant of Rabbi Moses Isserles, the Rema; they chose to change it to Slonim (this was when it was still easy to change names). They then moved to Hebron.\n\n\n== Emigration to Hebron ==\nAfter she fell dangerously ill, her father promised that she would live to emigrate to the Land of Israel. In 1845, with the blessing of her brother-in-law, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, she and her family emigrated to Hebron. To allay her fears of rainstorms on the journey to Hebron, Rabbi Schneersohn blessed her to \"walk between the raindrops.\"\n\n\n== Life in Hebron ==\nFor forty-three years she served as the matriarch of the Hebron community. New brides and barren women would request blessings from her. Before she died on the 24th of Shevat, 5648 AM (6 February 1888), she sent a letter to the then Rebbe",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who succeeded the father of Menucha Rochel Slonim? | [
{
"id": 125412,
"question": "Who is Menucha Rochel Slonim's father?",
"answer": "Dovber Schneuri",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 544665,
"question": "#1 >> followed by",
"answer": "Menachem Mendel Schneersohn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Menachem Mendel Schneersohn | [] | true | Who followed Menucha Rochel Slonim's father? |
4hop1__130404_59747_211319_557671 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "WDXQ",
"paragraph_text": "26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El Gallo.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFacility detailsWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by John Timms, through licensee Central Georgia Radio LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.== History ==\nThe station went on the air as WDXQ on March 15, 2005. On July 19, 2007, the station changed its call sign to WDCO, and again on January 15, 2010, to WDXQ.\nOn November 26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": ", and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sqThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sno*Drift",
"paragraph_text": "Sno*Drift is a rally racing event held in Montmorency County, Michigan, annually, with headquarters in Atlanta, Michigan. The event is currently the first Rally America National Rally Championship event of the season. Currently the event is organized into three distinct rallies: the national championship event covering both days of rallying, and two regional rally events each covering one of the two days. Competitors may be entered in any or all of these events simultaneously. are a bit lower than surrounding areas but are generally flatter.\nThe impact of snowdrifts on transportation can be more significant than the snowfall itself, such as in the US during the Great Blizzard of 1978. Snowdrifts are usually found at or on roads, as the crest of the roadbed or the furrows along the road create the disruption to the wind needed to shed its carried snow. Snow fences may be employed on the windward",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Alpena Power Company",
"paragraph_text": " that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village ofAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.AlAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village ofAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.Alpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county, that borders the one with the state's most populous city where WDXQ is located, can you find it? | [
{
"id": 130404,
"question": "What is the name of the state where WDXQ is located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 211319,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Montmorency County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 557671,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Presque Isle County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Presque Isle County | [] | true | Which county shares a border with the county where the most populous city in the state where WDXQ can be found is located? |
2hop__367336_97805 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Finnish Navy",
"paragraph_text": " and the vessel was regulated to trial duties. Isku was modified in 1989–1990. The missiles were removed, the hull was lengthened by 7 meters and the deckhouse was also extended. Mine rails were added along the length of the hull and an articulated crane was placed in the bow.\n\n\n==== Pollution control vessels ====\n\n\n== Ordered vessels ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of decommissioned ships of the Finnish Navy\nFinnish Navy\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, theWhen the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war. experimental boat\n3 pollution control vessels\n\n\n== Combatants ==\n\n\n=== Missile boats ===\n\n\n== Mine warfare ==\n\n\n=== Minelayers ===\n\n\n=== Minesweepers ===\n\n\n== Auxiliaries ==\n\n\n=== Landing craft ===\n\n\n=== Transport ===\n\n\n=== Command launches ===\n\n\n=== Training ships ===\n\n\n=== Other ===\n\n\n==== Tugs ====\n\n\n==== Cable layers ====\n\n\n==== Experimental craft ====\nIsku (English: Strike) was a prototype design for a domestically-made guided missile patrol boat. She was designed with a \"seasled\" planing hull with a rectangular planform. Isku was armed with four Soviet SS-N-2A Styx missiles and a twin 30mm AK-230 anti-aircraft cannon. The design was a failure as it never reached its designed speed and the vessel was regulated to trial duties. Isku was modified in 1989–1990. The missiles were removed, the hull was lengthened by 7 meters and the deckhouse was also extended. Mine rails were added along the length of the hull and an articulated crane was placed in the bow.\n\n\n==== Pollution control vessels ====\n\n\n== Ordered vessels ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of decommissioned ships of the Finnish Navy\nFinnish Navy\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, the coastal fleet. Project Squadron 2020 will probably lead to a reorganisation of the navy squadrons. The summary of Finnish naval ships:\n\n8 missile boats\n2 mine layers\n3 mine ferries\n3 mine countermeasure vessels\n10 mine sweepers\nApprox. 196 landing craft\n23 transport ships\n6 command boats\n5 training boats\n2 tugs\n2 cable layers\n1 experimental boat\n3 pollution control vessels\n\n\n== Combatants ==\n\n\n=== Missile boats ===\n\n\n== Mine warfare ==\n\n\n=== Minelayers ===\n\n\n=== MinesweepWhen the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war.This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, the coastal fleet. Project Squadron 202",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Finnish coastal defence ship Ilmarinen",
"paragraph_text": " started, and intensive lobbying led to the adoption of a new Finnish Navy Act in 1927.\nPrior to World War II, the fleet renewal program led to the acquisition or construction of five submarines, four torpedo boats, and two coastal defense ships. Among the last of their kind, Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen were two of the most concentrated naval artillery units ever built. They were designed by the Dutch company NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (a front for German interests circumventing the Treaty of Versailles), and were optimized for operations in the archipelagos of the Baltic Sea. Their open sea performance was de-emphasized in order to give the vessels their shallow draft and super-compact design.\nCoastal defence ships were particularly popular in the Nordic countries, and began serving in the navies of Denmark, Sweden and Norway early in the 20th century. These vessels typically had heavy armament and good armor protection, but were relatively slow. Their sizes were around 4,000 tons, main armament consisted of guns between 210 and 240 mm (8 and 9 in), the armor corresponded to that of armoured cruisers, and speeds were between 15 and 18 knots (28 and 33 km/h; 17 and 21 mph). A coastal defence ship was somewhere between a cruiser and a monitor: slower than a cruiser but better armed, faster than a monitor, but with smaller guns. The coastal defence ships also varied among themselves; some of them were closer to cruisers, and others, such as the Finnish ones, were closer to monitors.\nBeing the second of her class, Ilmarinen was launched at the Turku shipyard on 9 September 1933. The ship went through its finishing trials and was handed over to the Finnish Navy on 17 April 1934. Her sister ship Väinämöinen had preceded her by two years.\nThe vessels had a compact design, with a high mast and large turrets for main and secondary artillery. Foreign comments on their design ranged from puns to praise. Not truly designed for open sea operations, the ships had a tendency to roll slowly and widely even in moderate seas. Travel on them was unpleasant, but deemed safe. Additional keels were later fitted, which improved the situation somewhat.\nVäinämöinen and Ilmarinen had a displacement of 3,900 long tons, a maximum length of 93 metres (305 ft), and a draught of 4.50 metres (14.8 ft).\nRequirements of speed and range were moderate, as they were expected to operate near their home bases. Both vessels were equipped with four diesel engines that powered two electrical engines. These generated a total of 4,800 horsepower (3,600 kW). There were also two smaller 100 hp (75 kW) auxiliary diesel engines. Maximum speed was Ilmarinen was a Finnish Navy \"Panssarilaiva\" (\"Armored ship\"; a coastal defence ship by British classification). The unit was constructed at the Crichton-Vulcan shipyard in Turku, Finland, and named after the mythological hero Ilmarinen from the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. \"Ilmarinen\" was the flagship of the Navy from 1 May 1933 until her demise on 13 September 1941.IlmarIlmarinen was a Finnish Navy \"Panssarilaiva\" (\"Armored ship\"; a coastal defence ship by British classification). The unit was constructed at the Crichton-Vulcan shipyard in Turku, Finland, and named after the mythological hero Ilmarinen from the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. \"Ilmarinen\" was the flagship of the Navy from 1 May 1933 until her demise on 13 September 1941.1941.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nDuring the early inter-war period the Finnish Navy consisted of some 30 ex-Russian vessels, most of them taken as war-trophies following the civil war. Never ideal types for the navy's needs, they were generally old and in poor condition. In 1925, a tragic incident highlighted the sorry state of the navy. An old torpedo boat was lost in a fierce storm, taking with her the entire crew of 53. A heated debate started, and intensive lobbying led to the adoption of a new Finnish Navy Act in 1927.\nPrior to World War II, the fleet renewal program led to the acquisition or construction of five submarines, four torpedo boats, and two coastal defense ships. Among the last of their kind, Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen were two of the most concentrated naval artillery units ever built. They were designed by the Dutch company NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (a front for German interests circumventing the Treaty of Versailles), and were optimized for operations in the archipelagos of the Baltic Sea. Their open sea performance was de-emphasized in order to give the vessels their shallow draft and super-compact design.\nCoastal defence ships were particularly popular in the Nordic countries, and began serving in the navies of Denmark, Sweden and Norway early in the 20th century. These vessels typically had heavy armament and good armor protection, but were relatively slow. Their sizes were around 4,000 tons, main armament consisted of guns between 210 and 240 mm (8 and 9 in), the armor corresponded to that of armoured cruisers, and speeds were between 15 and 18 knots (28 and 33 km/h; 17 and 21 mph). A coastal defence ship was somewhere between a cruiser and a monitor: slower than a cruiser but better",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what conflict did the person commanding the Ilmarinen, a Finnish coastal defence ship, participate? | [
{
"id": 367336,
"question": "Finnish coastal defence ship Ilmarinen >> operator",
"answer": "Finnish Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 97805,
"question": "Which war did #1 serve in?",
"answer": "Winter War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Winter War | [] | true | Which war did the operator of the Finnish coastal defence ship Ilmarinen serve in? |
4hop1__161810_583746_457883_650651 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All",
"paragraph_text": " different team colors. They will train by three trainers, each trainer will train three teams respectively. However, on week 1, Stacy told that one of each team will sent home and will be back on future. On week 6, Dicky and Rashid returned on ranch because they have the highest percentage of weight loss and the rest do not have a spot to back on ranch. In the same week, Stacy told that the gameplay changed which is Blue vs Red vs Black. However, in the end of week 9, Stacy told that the eliminated players who do not have a spot on ranch will returns. Fernandez who wins the marathon among them returned on ranch week 10. Starting week 10, the games on with 4 teams which is Blue vs Red vs Black vs White. The Commando returns to train White teams. Zahir and Amar fall below the yellow line on week 17 and viewers had to determine who will be the finalist join Hannah and Tiara and Brunei vote off Zahir.\n\n\n== Weigh-In ==\n\nStandings\n Week's Biggest Loser\n Week's Biggest Loser and Immunity\n Immunity (Challenge or Weigh-In)\n Last person eliminated before the finale\n Results from At-Home playersY\n Did not weigh-in\nBMI\n Underweight (less than 18.5 BMI)\n Normal (18.5–24.9 BMI)b\n Overweight (25–29.9 BMI)\n Obese Class I (30–34.9 BMI)\n Obese Class II (35–39.9 BMI)\n Obese Class III (greater than 40 BMI)\nWinners\n B$250,000 (among the finalists)\n B$100,000 Winner (among the eliminated contestants)\n\n\n== Weigh-In Figures History ==\n\n\n== Elimination Voting History ==\n\n X Not in house\n Immunity\n ? Immunity, vote not revealed\n X Immunity, was below yellow line or not in elimination, unable to vote\n X Below yellow line, unable to vote\n x Below yellow line, escaped from elimination, unable to vote\n + Below yellow line, saved by week's Biggest Loser, unable to vote\n X Below red line, automatically eliminated\n X Not in elimination, unable to vote\n Eliminated or not in house\n Last person eliminated (at the finale) via public voting\n Valid vote cast\n ? Vote not revealed\n B$250,000 winner (among the finalists)\n X Lost arrive at ranch weigh-in, was automatically eliminated\n X Below yellow line, Brunei's vote.\n\n\n== External links ==\nBrunei's Biggest Loser official Twitter account.The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.\nThe finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show after two male on past season. Fernandez Aljunied won the prize for at-home contestants. In the end of the show Stacy Sandra told that next season will be airing next year and she will not return to the show and will be replaced by Sarah Rahman. Ezuan Aziz also announced that he will not return for next season.\n\n\n== Contestants ==\nThisThe Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The BiggestThe Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show after two male on past season. Fernandez Aljunied won the prize for at-home contestants. In the end of the show Stacy Sandra told that next season will be airing next year and she will not return to the show and will be replaced by Sarah Rahman. Ezuan Aziz also announced that he will not return for next",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Embassy of the Philippines, Bandar Seri Begawan",
"paragraph_text": " Tutong on February 14, 1989, mostly due to complaints that the old location was not easily accessible by public transport.\nOn August 14, 2002, the Philippine Embassy moved down the street to its own compound on 17 Simpang 126, Km 2, Jalan Tutong, with the Embassy vacating its old offices by 2003. While the Embassy was headquartered there, Foreign Affairs Secretary Blas Ople planted a mango tree on the Embassy grounds in honorThe Embassy of the Philippines in Bandar Seri Begawan is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Sultanate of Brunei. Opened in 1984 after Brunei gained independence from the United Kingdom, it is currently located in the Diplomatic Enclave of Bandar Seri Begawan, behind the offices of the country's Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports..\n\n\n== History ==\nA Philippine diplomatic presence in Brunei was established in 1984, immediately after the Philippines recognized Bruneian independence from the United Kingdom. The Philippine Embassy at the time was located at 473 Kampong Pelambayan in Mukim Kota Batu, and was located there until it relocated to the fourth and fifth floors of the Badi'ah Complex on Jalan Tutong on February 14, 1989, mostly due to complaints that the old location was not easily accessible by public transport.\nOn August 14, 2002, the Philippine Embassy moved down the street to its own compound on 17 Simpang 126, Km 2, Jalan Tutong, with the Embassy vacating its old offices by 2003. While the Embassy was headquartered there, Foreign Affairs Secretary Blas Ople planted a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "South Cotabato",
"paragraph_text": " Sultan Kudarat to the north and west, Sarangani to the south and northeast, and Davao del Sur to the far northeast. To the southeast lies Sarangani Bay.\nGeneral Santos, located on the shores of Sarangani Bay, is the largest city in both the province and the region (by population), but is governed independently from the province. The province of Sarangani used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\nCenturies ago, the areaGeneral Santos, located on the shores of Sarangani Bay, is the most populous city in the region, but is governed independently from the province. The province of Sarangani used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992.SGeneral Santos, located on the shores of Sarangani Bay, is the most populous city in the region, but is governed independently from the province. The province of Sarangani used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992. سلاتن كوتوات; Filipino: Timog Cotabato), officially the Province of South Cotabato, is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in Mindanao. Its capital is Koronadal, and it borders Sultan Kudarat to the north and west, Sarangani to the south and northeast, and Davao del Sur to the far northeast. To the southeast lies Sarangani Bay.\nGeneral Santos, located",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sarangani Bay",
"paragraph_text": ", created in 1992, is namedSarangani Bay is a bay located on the southern tip of Mindanao in the Philippines. It opens up to the Celebes Sea on the Pacific Ocean. General Santos City, one of the Philippines most important cities and ports, is located at the head of the bay, making the bay one of the busiest and often the sight of shipping accidents. The province of Sarangani, created in 1992, is named after the bay.Sarangani Bay is a bay located on the southern tip of Mindanao in the Philippines. It opens up to the Celebes Sea on the Pacific Ocean. General Santos City, one of the Philippines most important cities and ports, is located at the head of the bay, making the bay one of the busiest and often the sight of shipping accidents. The province of Sarangani, created in 1992, is named after the bay.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What broadcasting company produced the incarnation of The Biggest Loser for the nation in which there is an embassy from the country with a bay that includes the city of General Santos? | [
{
"id": 161810,
"question": "On what shores is General Santos located?",
"answer": "Sarangani Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 583746,
"question": "#1 >> country",
"answer": "Philippines",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 457883,
"question": "Embassy of the #2 , Bandar Seri Begawan >> country",
"answer": "Brunei",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 650651,
"question": "The Biggest Loser #3 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | NBC | [] | true | Country A has an embassy from the country that contains the bay where the city of General Santos is located. What network created country A's version of The Biggest Loser? |
3hop2__132957_132798_40768 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Toyopet Master",
"paragraph_text": " seemingly retrograde step was moving from the RH's four-speed to a three-speed transmission (although the new unit was fully synchronized), but Japanese buyers at the time associated the need for many gears with weak engines.\nThe Master sedan was partially replaced with the smaller Toyota Corona in 1957, at a new Toyota Japanese dealership called Toyopet Store. The RR Master's body panels were used in cut-down form as an economical and fast way to design this new ST10 Corona. Production facilities for the Master were transferred to the Crown. In 1995, Toyota revisited the approach of a commercial grade Crown sedan, designed primarily for taxi usage, and introduced the Toyota Comfort which is still in production, with prolific usage across Asia.\n\n\n== Masterline (RR) ==\nThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the later Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The chassis were built at Toyota's main Aichi plant and then transported overland to Kanto Auto Works in Yokosuka, where the bodies were assembled mainly by hand. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide 55 PS (40 kW). By 1958, power had been increased again, reaching 58 PS (43 kW). The double cab pickup was built by Central Motor Co., who kept building this bodystyle of succeeding generations until December 1970. The double-cab could seat six people with a maximum cargo load of 500 kg (1,100 lb), but was subject to the lower tax applied to commercial vehicles, making it popular with construction firms and the like.\nThe Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. In 1957 the light van was lightly changed and was now fully glazed, rather than having pressed steel in the rear side windows. The first generation Masterlines were built until replaced by a new Crown-based generation in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A total of 19,400 Master and Masterlines (excluding the Central Motors-built RR19s) were built by Kanto Auto Works until production ended in 1959. A smaller Coronaline version was also developed to be sold through Toyopet dealers.\n\n\n=== Master Ribbon (RS) ===\nToyota managed to introduce yet another variant on the Master/Crown theme with the \"Master Ribbon\" which appeared in export catalogues in the first half of 1956. This was a series of light commercials using the body panels of the Masterline but with the more modern Crown chassis underneath, including that car's independent front suspension. A two-door pickup or chassis-cab (RS16), and a two-door Light Van (RS17) were offered, also available with left-hand-drive. The engine was the same 48 PS (35 kW) R unit seen in other Master models. Later in 1956 a two-seat pickup version also entered lists, with the RS19 chassis code.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Masterline (RS20/30) ==\n\nWhen the Crown passenger car was facelifted, the Masterline nameplate was moved to the commercial versions of the Crown. This meant independent front suspension coupled with the Crown's bodywork; Toyota now only used solid front axles on trucks intended to carry more than 1.5 tonnes (3,300 lb). The new version was available as a single-cab pickup (RS26) or as a two-door light van (RS26V), both fitted with the 1.5-liter R engine.\nIn 1960 regulations were changed and passenger cars and light commercials were allowed to be longer and wider, with maximum engine size increased from 1,500 to 2,000 cc. Toyota responded accordingly with the new RS30 Crown and RS36 Masterlines, which arrivedThe Toyopet Master, introduced in January 1955, is a passenger car that was an update to the SF/RH model with a modernized body. As for its predecessor, it has a ladder frame with leaf sprung front and rear axles. The Toyopet Master was an evolution of an earlier Toyota sedan called the Toyota SF/RH model (also known as the Super), and was sold in parallel with the first Toyota Crown. The more conservative Master was introduced as a frugally equipped version meant for taxi usage. The Master and Crown shared the same R-series engine, which produces in the Master. It was sold at a chain of Toyota Japan dealerships called \"Toyota Store\", next to the more upscale Crown, which was intended as a private purchase alternative to the Master. ==\nIn 1955 Toyota wasn't sure if its independent front coil suspension and the rear-hinged back doors installed on the Crown wouldn't be too radical for the taxi market to accept. When sales of the Crown proved satisfying, the Master sedan was discontinued in November 1956. The Master's body was built by Toyota's Kanto Auto Works subcontractor, as with the preceding RHK Super model.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing theSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Acura Legend",
"paragraph_text": "-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were disThe Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend. Varuna, while the malevolent ones are called Danavas and are led by Vritra.:��4�� \nIn the earliest layer of Vedic texts Agni, Indra and other gods are also called Asuras, in the sense of their being \"lords\" of their respective domains, knowledge and abilities. In later Vedic and post-Vedic texts, the benevolent gods are called Devas, while malevolent Asuras compete against these Devas and are considered \"enemy of the gods\".:��4��\nAsuras are part of Hinduism along with Devas, Yakshas (nature spirits), Rakshasas (fierce man-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are \"evil spirits, demons and opponents of the gods\". Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Indo-Iranian mythology about the battle between good and evil.\nAccording to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word Asura was borrowed from Proto-Indo-Aryan into Proto-Uralic during an early period of contact, in the form *asera-, showing a meaning \"lord, prince\".\n\n\n== In Hindu literature ==\n\n\n=== Rig Veda ===\nBhargava states the word, asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs \"88 times in the Rig Veda, 71 times in the singular number, 4 times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and 3 times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, is included twice. The word, asurya, has been used 19 times as an abstract noun, while the abstract form asuratva occurs 24 times, 22 times in one hymn and twice each in two other hymns\".\nBhargava gives a count of the word use for every Vedic deity: Asura is used as an adjective meaning \"powerful\" or \"mighty\". In the Rig Veda, two generous kings – as well as some priests – have been described as asuras. One hymn requests a son who is an asura. In nine hymns, Indra is described as asura. He is said to possess asurya 5 times, and once he is said to possess asuratva. Agni has total of 12 asura descriptions, Varuna has 10, Mitra has 8, and Rudra has 6. Book 1 of the Rig Veda describes Savitr (Vedic solar deity)",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the manufacturers of Acura Legend, Toyopet Master and Nissan inaugurate their assembly plants in the United States? | [
{
"id": 132957,
"question": "Who made Acura Legend?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 132798,
"question": "What company made Toyopet Master?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #1 , #2 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did the make of Acura Legend, the company that made toyopet Master and Nissan open US assembly plants? |
2hop__13353_17738 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Biodiversity",
"paragraph_text": " Carboniferous, rainforest collapse may have led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. \nHuman activities have led to an ongoing biodiversity loss and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. This process is often referred to as Holocene extinction, or sixth mass extinction. For example, it was estimated in 2007 that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Destroying habitats for farming is a key reason why biodiversity is decreasing today. Climate change also plays a role. This can be seen for example in the effects of climate change on biomes. This anthropogenic extinction may have started toward the end of the Pleistocene, as some studies suggest that the megafaunal extinction event that took place around the end of the last ice age partly resulted from overhunting. \n\n\n== Definitions ==\n\nBiologists most often define biodiversity as the \"totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region\". An advantage of this definition is that it presents a unified view of the traditional types of biological variety previously identified:\n\ntaxonomic diversity (usually measured at the species diversity level)\necological diversity (often viewed from the perspective of ecosystem diversity)\nmorphological diversity (which stems from genetic diversity and molecular diversity)\nfunctional diversity (which is a measure of the number of functionally disparate species within a population (e.g. different feeding mechanism, different motility, predator vs prey, etc.))\nBiodiversity is most commonly used toFinally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, Prunus spinosa from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.itudinal gradients in species diversity for both marine and terrestrial taxa. \nSince life began on Earth, six major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic aeon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion. In this period, the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses. Those events have been classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse may have led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. \nHuman activities have led to an ongoing biodiversity loss and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. This process is often referred to as Holocene extinction, or sixth mass extinction. For example, it was estimated in 2007 that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Destroying habitats for farming is a key reason why biodiversity is decreasing today. Climate change also plays a role. This can be seen for example in the effects of climate change on biomes. This anthropogenic extinction may have started toward the end of the Pleistocene, as some studies suggest that the megafaunal extinction event that took place around the end of the last ice age partly resulted from overhunting. \n\n\n== Definitions ==\n\nBiologists most often define biodiversity as the \"totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region\". An advantage of this definition is that it presents a unified view of the traditional types of biological variety previously identified:\n\ntaxonomic diversity (usually measured at the species diversity level)\necological diversity (often viewed from the perspective of ecosystem diversity)\nmorphological diversity (which stems from genetic diversity and molecular diversity)\nfunctional diversity (which is a measure of the number of functionally disparate species within a population (e.g. different feeding mechanism, different motility, predator vs prey, etc.))\nBiodiversity is most commonly used to replace the more clearly-defined and long-established terms, species diversity and species richness. However, there is no concrete definition for biodiversity, as its definition continues to be defined. Other definitions include (in chronological order):\n\nAn explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wilcox's definition was \"Biological diversity is the variety of life forms...at all levels of biological systems (i.e., molecular, organismic, population, species and ecosystem)...\".\nA publication by Wilcox in 1984: Biodiversity can be defined genetically as the diversity of alleles, genes and organisms. They study processes such as mutation and gene transfer that drive evolution.\nThe 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined biological diversity as \"the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems\". This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.\nGaston and Spicer's definition in their book \"Biodiversity: an introduction\" in 2004 is \"variation of life at all levels of biological organization\".\nThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defined biodiversity in 2019 as \"the variability that exists among living organisms (both within and between species) and the ecosystems of which they are part.\"\n\n\n== Number of species ==\n\nAccording to Mora and her colleagues' estimation, there are approximately 8.7 million terrestrial species and 2.2 million oceanic species. The authors note that these estimates are strongest for eukaryotic organisms and likely represent the lower bound of prokaryote diversity. Other estimates include:\n\n220,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dutch language",
"paragraph_text": " spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, evolving from Cape Dutch dialects. Dutch was used in Dutch East Indies (now mostly Indonesia) by a limited educated elite of around 2% of the total population, including over 1 million indigenous Indonesians, until it was banned in 1957. About a fifth of the Indonesian language can be traced to Dutch including many loan words. Indonesia's Civil Code has not been officially translated and the original Dutch language version dating from colonial times remains the authoritative version.\nDutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English and is colloquially said to be \"roughly in between\" them. Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including most of its case system. Features shared with German include the survival of two to three grammatical genders – albeit with few grammatical consequences – as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order. Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic; it incorporates slightly more Romance loans than German but far fewer than English.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nIn Belgium, the Netherlands and Suriname, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands (historically Nederlandsch before the Dutch orthographic reforms). Sometimes Vlaams (\"Flemish\") is used as well to describe Standard Dutch in Flanders, whereas Hollands (\"Hollandic\") is occasionally used as a colloquial term for the standard language in the central and northwestern parts of the Netherlands.\nEnglish uses the adjective Dutch as a noun for the language of the Netherlands and Flanders. The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *��iudiskaz. The stem of this word, *��eudō, meant \"people\" in Proto-Germanic, and *-iskaz was an adjective-forming suffix, of which -ish is the Modern English form. Theodiscus was its Latinised form and used as an adjective referring to the Germanic vernaculars of the Early Middle Ages. In this sense, it meant \"the language of the common people\". The term was used as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. It was first recorded in 786, when the Bishop of Ostia writes to Pope Adrian I about a synod taking place in Corbridge, England, where the decisions are being written down \"tam Latine quam theodisce\" meaning \"in Latin as well as common vernacular\".\nIn northern West Francia (i.e. modern-day Belgium) the term would take on a new meaning during the Early Middle Ages, when, within the context of a highly dichromatic linguistic landscape, it came to be the antonym of *walhisk (Romance-speakers, specifically Old French). The word, now rendered as dietsc (Southwestern variant) or duutsc (Central and Northern Variant), could refer to the Dutch language itself, as well as a broader Germanic category depending on context. During the High Middle Ages \"Dietsc/DuutscSome Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).DutchSome Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium). have recognised Dutch as one of their official languages, and are involved in one way or another in the Dutch Language Union. Dutch Caribbean municipalities (St. Eustatius, Saba and Bonaire) have Dutch as one of the official languages too. Up to half a million native speakers reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined, and historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany. \nDutch was one of the official languages of South Africa, until 1925, when it was replaced by Afrikaans, a separate but partially mutually intelligible daughter language or—depending on the used definition—sister language of Dutch. It is spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, evolving from Cape Dutch dialects. Dutch was used in Dutch East Indies (now mostly Indonesia) by a limited educated elite of around 2% of the total population, including over 1 million indigenous Indonesians, until it was banned in 1957. About a fifth of the Indonesian language can be traced to Dutch including many loan words. Indonesia's Civil Code has not been officially",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what region, bordering the nation where the Blackthorn trees leaf out early, can you still find elderly individuals conversing in West Flemish? | [
{
"id": 13353,
"question": "Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner?",
"answer": "In Belgium",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 17738,
"question": "What area that abuts #1 still has some older people who speak West Flemish?",
"answer": "French Flanders",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | French Flanders | [] | true | What area that abuts the country where the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner still has some older people who speak West Flemish? |
2hop__656411_345851 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Swag It Out",
"paragraph_text": "\"Swag It Out\" is the official debut single by American singer Zendaya, known for starring in the series \"Shake It Up\". The song was composed by Bobby Brackins and was released on May 30, 2011 as the first single of Zendaya's career on an independent label, not being included on any album or soundtrack of Walt Disney Records, just their record label.\"Swag It Out\" is the official debut single by American singer Zendaya, known for starring in the series \"Shake It Up\". The song was composed by Bobby Brackins and was released on May 30, 2011 as the first single of Zendaya's career on an independent label, not being included on any album or soundtrack of Walt Disney Records, just their record label.American singer Zendaya has released one studio album, 10 singles, three promotional singles, 15 music videos and some album appearances. Her first appearance was as part of Kidz Bop Kids on the album Kidz Bop Dance Party, in 2010. In 2011, Zendaya released her debut independent single, \"Swag It Out\". Her next single, \"Watch Me\", peaked at number 86 on the US Billboard Hot 100.\nOn August 8, 2012, Zendaya signed to Hollywood Records and began writing songs for her debut album. Her debut single, \"Replay\", was released on July 16, 2013, produced by Mick Schultz and written by Tiffany Fred and Paul \"Phamous\" Shelton. Her debut album, Zendaya, was released on September 17, 2013, and reached number 51 on the US Billboard 200.\nOn March 6, 2015, Timbaland confirmed that he would be working with Zendaya on her second album. Speaking on the album, Zendaya told MTV News that the music is a \"new wave of R&B. It's where I think it should be going, or it should be headed; it's very old-school vibe, but it's a new age version.\" In July 2015, Zendaya posted a snippet of a song produced by Timbaland on Instagram. Following this, she appeared on a radio station in Dubai and premiered a longer snippet of the song entitled \"Close Up\". On November 8, 2015, she posted another video of her lip-syncing to an R&B song which would be included on her then-upcoming album. A promotional music video for the song was released by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Zendaya (album)",
"paragraph_text": " a North American tour entitled the Swag It Out Tour.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAfter starting her career as an actress, acting in shows including Shake It Up, she began featuring on soundtracks releasing the singles \"Watch Me\" and \"Something To Dance For\", Zendaya announced she has signed a record deal.\nOn August 8, 2012, Zendaya announced she had signed a record deal with Hollywood Records, via her official Twitter account she commented on the signing writing; \"epic moment in my life...it's official!!! HOLLYWOOD RECORDS!!!\", the comment also included pictures of herself with the label executives signing a contract. In May 2013, it was reported Coleman's debut album would be released in the fall of 2013 and the album's lead single would be released in June. On August 13, 2013, Zendaya revealed that her debut album would be self-titled, along with unveiling the official artwork for the record.\n\n\n== Music and lyrics ==\n\nZendaya consists of twelve tracks. The album is mainly rooted in urban electropop, that musically experiment with pop, R&B, trap and dubstep genres. The album's lyrical content tackles issues of love and heartbreak.\nAfter streaming the album to radio presenter Ryan Seacrest, he commented on the album's music calling is a \"pop/R&B hybrid offering for the most part\", he continued to comment saying the album contained \"urban cuts\"\nThe album's opening track and lead single \"Replay\" is a \"grittier club-ready pop track\", that was produced by Mick Schultz. \"Replay\" is an electro-R&B song with influences from glitch and dubstep.\nThe following song \"Fireflies\" is blend of pop and R&B genres, that contains a \"heavy beat.\"\n\"Scared\" is an up-tempo pop song that lyrically speaks about \"trying to save a relationship because she is scared of being alone\". \"Scared\" was written by Tiffany Fred and Paul \"Phamous\" Shelton, and was described by Zendaya as having a \"Kanye West type of vibe\".\n\"Love You ForeverZendaya is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer and actress Zendaya, released on September 17, 2013 by Hollywood Records. After acting in the Disney Channel series \"Shake It Up\", Zendaya signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records, in which she began recording her debut in late 2012. \"Zendaya\" consists of 12 songs; musically, the album is a electropop album that incorporates urban pop, R&B and dubstep. Lyrically, the album discusses issues of heartbreak and love. Zendaya co-wrote all the songs on the album. critics, who praised the album's production. Commercially, the album debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 51, selling 7,000 copies in its first week. The album's lead single \"Replay\" was released on July 16, 2013, and its music video premiered on August 15, 2013, on VEVO and Disney Channel. The single became Zendaya's highest-charting song at the time, charting within both the top forty of the US and New Zealand. To further promote the album, Zendaya performed on a variety of television shows and set out on a North American tour entitled the Swag It Out Tour.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAfter starting her career as an actress, acting in shows including Shake It Up, she began featuring on soundtracks releasing the singles \"Watch Me\" and \"Something To Dance For\", Zendaya announced she has signed a record deal.\nOn August 8, 2012, Zendaya announced she had signed a record deal with Hollywood Records, via her official Twitter account she commented on the signing writing; \"epic moment in my life...it's official!!! HOLLYWOOD RECORDS!!!\", the comment also included pictures of herself with the label executives signing a contract. In May 2013, it was reported Coleman's debut album would be released in the fall of 2013 and the album's lead single would be released in June. On August 13, 2013, Zendaya revealed that her debut album would be self-titled, along with unveiling the official artwork for the record.\n\n\n== Music and lyrics ==\n\nZendaya consists of twelve tracks. The album is mainly rooted in urban electropop, that musically experiment with pop, R&B, trap and dubstep genres. The album's lyrical content tackles issues of love and heartbreak.\nAfter streaming the album to radio presenter Ryan Seacrest, he commented on the album's music calling is a \"pop/R&B hybrid offering for the most part\", he continued to comment saying the album contained \"urban cuts\"\nThe album's opening track and lead single \"Replay\" is a \"grittier club-ready pop track\", that was produced by Mick Schultz. \"Replay\" is an electro-R&B song with influences from glitch and dubstep.\nThe following song \"Fireflies\" is blend of pop and R&B genres, that contains a \"heavy beat.\"\n\"Scared\" is an up-tempo pop song that lyrically speaks about \"trying to save a relationship because she is scared of being alone\". \"Scared\" was written by Tiffany Fred and Paul \"Phamous\" Shelton, and was described by Zendaya as having a \"Kanye West type of vibe\".\n\"Love You Forever\" is an up-tempo \"90s throwback\" song that has been compared to the work of the late singer Aaliyah. Lyrically the song discusses Zendaya falling in love on the dance floor, the concept of the song is introduced with lyrics such as \"We on that all night, get it right/ If you keep on moving like that, I might love you forever/ We on that first time love high/ Just keep on moving/ 'Cause I might love you Forever\n.\"\n\n\n== Promotion ==\nOn September 19, 2013, Zendaya made her first national performance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, in which she sang the album's lead single. On October 29, Zendaya was the New Artist of the Month on The Today Show, where she performed an acoustic version of \"Replay\". On November 29, she performed \"Replay\" on BET's 106 & Park. Zendaya further promoted the project by hosting events like \"106 & park\" special \"106 & prom\", in which she spoke about her upcoming music project. In early 2012 Zendaya embarked on a North American tour entitled Swag It Out Tour, in order to promote her debut album and the Shake It Up soundtrack. The tour started on August 5, 2012, in Oakland and finished on",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which record label did the singer who was featured in Shake It Up sign with? | [
{
"id": 656411,
"question": "Shake It Up >> cast member",
"answer": "Zendaya",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 345851,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Hollywood Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Hollywood Records | [] | true | The singer, who starred in Shake It Up, signed to which record label? |
2hop__333020_69048 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Rosaline Bozimo",
"paragraph_text": " attended St. Maria Goretti Grammar School, Benin City for her Secondary education, and then Urhobo College, Effurun. In September 1970 she was admitted to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, gaining a degree in law in 1973. She then went to the Nigerian Law School and was called to Bar in 1974.\nAfter National Youth Service in Enugu and Onitsha in the then East Central State, she became a private legal practitioner in 1975. With her husband Alaowei Broderick Bozimo she was a founding partner of Broderick Bozimo & Co.\nShe was briefly a member of the Judiciary of the old Bendel State as a Magistrate, before returning to private law practice (1978–1983). In December 1983 she was again appointed a Magistrate of Bendel State, becoming a Chief Magistrate in August 1988.\nWhen Delta State was created out of the old Bendel State in 1991, she became the first Chairman of the Tenders Board of the High Court of Delta State, and Chief Registrar of the state High Court in September of the same year. In December she was sworn in as a High Court judge.\nThe Military Administrator of Delta State, Colonel Bassey Asuquo, appointed her Chairman of the Armed Robbery and Firearms Tribunal,Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. During the tenure of Walter Onnoghen as the Chief Justice of Nigeria (CJN), she served as the Administrator, National Judicial Institute (NJI).\n\n\n== Background ==\nRosaline Bozimo was born on 1 January 1946 in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. She attended St. Maria Goretti Grammar School, Benin City for her Secondary education, and then Urhobo College, Effurun. In September 1970 she was admitted to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, gaining a degree in law in 1973. She then went to the Nigerian Law School and was called to Bar in 1974.\nAfter National Youth Service in Enugu and Onitsha in the then East Central State, she became a private legal practitioner in 1975. With her husband Alaowei Broderick Bozimo she was a founding partner of Broderick Bozimo & Co.\nShe was briefly a member of the Judiciary of the old Bendel State as a Magistrate, before returning to private law",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Orezi",
"paragraph_text": " born and raised in Owhelogbo, Isoko, Delta State. He is the first born of five children. Orezi attended the Command Secondary School in Abakaliki. He graduated from the University of Lagos and completed the mandatory one-year NYSC program.\n\n\n== Music career ==\nOrezi began his music career in early 2009. He has worked with several producers, including Kiddominant, Del B and Dokta Frabz. Orezi's debut song \"I No Fit Lie\" became Radio Continental's theme song. He headlined a show named after the song; the show was organised by the Continental Broadcasting Services (CBS). The music video for \"I No Fit Lie\" was shot in South Africa. In 2010, Orezi released the single \"High B.P\". The music video for the song was endorsedEsegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song \"Rihanna\" in 2013.EEsegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song \"Rihanna\" in 2013.In a chat with Showtime's The Cooking Pot the singer said that in the Nigerian music industry, having talent without money is a waste of time.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nEsegine \"Orezi\" Allen was born and raised in Owhelogbo, Isoko, Delta State. He is the first born of five children. Orezi attended the Command Secondary School in Abakaliki. He graduated from the University of Lagos and completed the mandatory one-year NYSC program.\n\n\n== Music career ==\nOrezi began his music career in early 2009. He has worked with several producers, including Kiddominant, Del B and Dokta Frabz. Orezi's debut song \"I No Fit Lie\" became Radio Continental's theme song. He headlined a show named after the song; the show was organised by the Continental Broadcasting Services (CBS). The music video for \"I No Fit Lie\" was shot in South Africa. In 2010, Orezi released the single \"High B.P\". The music video for the song was endorsedEsegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song \"Rihanna\" in 2013.Esegine Allen (born 28 March 1986), better known by his stage name Orezi, is a Nigerian musician from Delta State. He rose to prominence with his song \"Rihanna\" in 2013.\nIn a chat with Showtime's The Cooking Pot the singer said that in the Nigerian music industry, having talent without money is a waste of time.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nEsegine \"Orezi\" Allen was born and raised in Owhelogbo, Isoko, Delta State. He is the first born of five children. Orezi attended the Command Secondary School in Abakaliki. He graduated from the University of Lagos and completed the mandatory one-year NYSC program.\n\n\n== Music career ==\nOrezi began his music career in early 2009. He has worked with several producers, including Kiddominant, Del B and Dokta Frabz. Orezi's debut song \"I No Fit Lie\" became Radio Continental's theme song. He headlined a show named after the song; the show was organised by the Continental Broadcasting Services (CBS). The music video for \"I No Fit Lie\" was shot in South Africa. In 2010, Orezi released the single \"High B.P\". The music video for the song",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the position of Chief Judge in the birthplace of Orezi? | [
{
"id": 333020,
"question": "Orezi >> place of birth",
"answer": "Delta State",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 69048,
"question": "who is the chief judge of #1",
"answer": "Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith | [] | true | Who is the Chief Judge of the place where Orezi was born? |
3hop1__487301_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kaimana Regency",
"paragraph_text": "Kaimana Regency is a regency in the south of West Papua province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 16,241.84 sq. km, and had a population of 46,249 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 53,366. The administrative centre is the town of Kaimana.Kaimana Regency is a regency in the south of West Papua province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 16,241.84 sq. km, and had a population of 46,249 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 53",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo,Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the governmentThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999\", \"The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor\", \"The Special Panels for Serious Crimes\", and \"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation\".\nThe commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the \"historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999\" to \"inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices.\"\nOperating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that \"gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999\" and that \"pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility\", as well as stating that \"from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report.\" The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standing border and security issues between the two nations to allow for more cooperation. Notably, the report gave no recommendations of amnesty or rehabilitation. The report was endorsed by the president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, making it the first recognition of the Indonesian government's complicity in human rights violations in East Timor by Indonesia.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nIn Indonesia and Timor, the report was presented to both governments and accepted by both the Timorese and Indonesian governments. However, Timorese NGO Timor-Leste National Alliance for International Tribunal wrote an open letter in response to the commission's findings with several criticisms, including the lack of public consultation with victims and parliamentary approval of the commission, as well as noting that the commission assigned institutional responsibility rather than individual responsibility, \"which is contrary to the principles of international laws which were ratified by the state of Timor-Leste and to Article 160 of its constitution which says that there must be a justice process for crimes against humanity.\", as well as stating their belief that the CAVR was a more trustworthy and support worthy commission for the government to support.\nInternationally, the report had a mixed reception. Some, such as the War Crimes Studies Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the commission could be seen as \"widely acknowledged as credible and far-reaching.\", noting that the Indonesian government's affirmation of the results was important and that the commission made arguments that \"there was credible evidence to indicate that Timorese institutions were also responsible for illegal",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who serves as the leader of the recently proclaimed sovereign nation that is a member of the Commission of Truth and Friendship, in the country where Kaimana is situated? | [
{
"id": 487301,
"question": "Kaimana >> country",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of newly declared independent country part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Kaimana is located? |
3hop1__321720_650651_7262 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\" (a softer type of urban contemporary music), \"rhythmic AC\" (a softer type of rhythmic contemporary), and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected songs from artists of many different genres.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock ===\n\nAdult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70–80% instrumental to 20–30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as \"rock and roll\" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was \"Boll Weevil Song\" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as \"not too far out in either direction\".\nInitially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out. Some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s.\nAfter 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle ofSoft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All",
"paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Seria, Belait",
"paragraph_text": "enghulu\" of \"Mukim\" Seria is Awang Haji Jamail bin Haji Linap who was elected to the office on 12 March 2006.SSeria is a mukim in the Belait District of Brunei. It is about 169 square kilometres in size. It is located in the north-west of the Belait District, bordering the South China Sea to the north, Mukim Liang to the east, Mukim Labi to the south-east, Mukim Kuala Balai to the south and Mukim Kuala Belait to the west. It has over 27,000 residents made up of various races, including Malays and Chinese. There is also a Nepalese community in Seria, made up of members of the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas. The British Army occupies two camps in Seria since the 1960s, known as the Medicina Lines and the Tuker Lines. As of March 2007, the \"Penghulu\" of \"Mukim\" Seria is Awang Haji Jamail bin Haji Linap who was elected to the office on 12 March 2006. the Levant, and known in Arabic as al-Sham. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rdSeria is a mukim in the Belait District of Brunei. It is about 169 square kilometres in size. It is located in the north-west of the Belait District, bordering the South China Sea to the north, Mukim Liang to the east, Mukim Labi to the south-east, Mukim Kuala Balai to the south and Mukim Kuala Belait to the west. It has over 27,000 residents made up of various races, including Malays and Chinese. There is also a Nepalese community in Seria, made up of members of the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas. The British Army occupies two camps in Seria since the 1960s, known as the Medicina Lines and the Tuker Lines. As of March 2007, the \"Penghulu\" of \"Mukim\" Seria is Awang Haji Jamail bin Haji Linap who was elected to the office on 12 March 2006.Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is a republic that consists of 14 governorates as subdivisions. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Circassians, Armenians, Albanians, Greeks, and Chechens. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, and Druze. The capital and largest city is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Sunni Muslims are the largest religious group. Syria is now the only country that is governed by Ba'athists, who advocate Arab socialism and Arab nationalism.\nThe name \"Syria\" historically referred to a wider region, broadly synonymous with the Levant, and known in Arabic as al-Sham. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. In the Islamic era, Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century after centuries of Ottoman rule. After a period as a French mandate (1923–1946), the newly created state represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Syrian provinces. It gained de jure independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945 when the Republic of Syria became a founding member of the United Nations, an act which legally ended the former French mandate. Although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946, granting de facto independence.\nThe post-independence period was tumultuous, with multiple military coup attempts shaking the country between 1949 and 1971. In 1958, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by the 1961 coup d'état and was renamed as the Arab Republic of Syria in late 1961 constitutional referendum. The 1963 coup d'état carried out by the military committee of the Ba'ath Party established a one-party state and ran Syria under emergency law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending constitutional protections for citizens. Internal power-struggles within Ba'athist factions caused further coups in 1966 and 1970, which eventually resulted in the seizure of power by Hafiz al-Assad. He assigned Alawite loyalists to key posts in the armed forces, bureaucracy, intelligence and the ruling elite; effectively establishing an Alawi minority rule to consolidate power within his family. After Assad's death, his son Bashar al-Assad inherited the presidency in 2000. Since July 2011, Syria has been embroiled in a multi-sided civil war, with involvement of different countries. Three political entities – the Syrian Interim Government, Syrian Salvation Government, and Rojava – have emerged in Syrian territory to challenge Assad's rule.\nThe country is a totalitarian dictatorship with a comprehensive cult of personality around the Assad family. Being ranked 3rd last on the 2022 GPI and 5th highest in the 2023 Fragile States Index, Syria is one of the most dangerous places for journalists. Freedom of press in Syria is extremely limited, and the country is ranked 2nd worst in 2024 WPFI. Syria is the most corrupt country in the WANA region and was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was a notable person in the radio sector of the network that produced the version of The Biggest Loser in the country where Seria is located? | [
{
"id": 321720,
"question": "Seria >> country",
"answer": "Brunei",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 650651,
"question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 7262,
"question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?",
"answer": "Walter Sabo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Walter Sabo | [] | true | Who was a prominent figure at the radio division of the network that created the version of The Biggest Loser set in the country where Seria is? |
3hop1__857_846_7821 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive fromThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "Express highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometres per hundred square kilometres (181.15 mi/100 sq mi). The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong. The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–TDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the length in miles of the highways present in the city where the person who received the edict was welcomed by the Yongle emperor? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 7821,
"question": "How many miles of highways are in #2 ?",
"answer": "140 mi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 140 mi | [] | true | How many miles of highways are in the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
4hop1__726391_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remainedAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley,Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Oh Yeah (Charles Mingus album)",
"paragraph_text": " You Ma'am\" – 4:43\n\"Ecclusiastics\" – 6:59\n\"Oh Lord Don't Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me\" – 5:43\n\"Eat That Chicken\" – 4:38\n\"Passions of a Man\" – 4:56\nThe 1999 Rhino CD reissue included three additional tracks recorded at the same session (and previously released on Tonight at Noon in 1964):\n\n\"'Old' Blues for Walt's Torin\" – 7:58\n\"Peggy's Blue Skylight\" – 9:49\n\"Invisible Lady\" – 4:48\nThe 1988 Atlantic CD reissue included only one additional track, a 24-minute excerpt of an interview with Mingus conducted by Nesuhi Ertegün which was discovered in 1987. The full 77-minute interview appears as a bonus disc on the box set Passions of a Man: the Complete Atlantic Recordings (1956-1961).\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – piano and vocals\nRahsaan Roland Kirk – flute, siren, tenor saxophone, manzello, and stritch\nBooker Ervin – tenor saxophone\nJimmy Knepper – trombone\nDoug Watkins – bass\nDOh Yeah is a 1962 album by jazz musician Charles Mingus. It was recorded in 1961, and features the leader (mainly known as a bassist and composer) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout.OOh Yeah is a 1962 album by jazz musician Charles Mingus. It was recorded in 1961, and features the leader (mainly known as a bassist and composer) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout. three of the cuts and playing piano throughout.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus.\n\n\"Hog Callin' Blues\" – 7:27\n\"Devil Woman\" – 9:42\n\"Wham Bam Thank You Ma'am\" – 4:43\n\"Ecclusiastics\" – 6:59\n\"Oh Lord Don't Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me\" – 5:43\n\"Eat That Chicken\" – 4:38\n\"Passions of a Man\" – 4:56\nThe 1999 Rhino CD reissue included three additional tracks recorded at the same session (and previously released on Tonight at Noon in 1964):\n\n\"'Old' Blues for Walt's Torin\" – 7:58\n\"Peggy's Blue Skylight\" – 9:49\n\"Invisible Lady\" – 4:48\nThe 1988 Atlantic CD reissue included only one additional track, a 24-minute excerpt of an interview with Mingus conducted by Nesuhi Ertegün which was discovered in 1987. The full 77-minute interview appears as a bonus disc on the box set Passions of a Man: the Complete Atlantic Recordings (1956-1961).\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – piano and vocals\nRahsaan Roland Kirk – flute, siren, tenor saxophone, manzello, and stritch\nBooker Ervin – tenor saxophone\nJimmy Knepper – trombone\nDoug Watkins – bass\nDOh Yeah is a 1962 album by jazz musician Charles Mingus. It was recorded in 1961, and features the leader (mainly known as a bassist and composer) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout.Oh Yeah is a studio album by the American jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, released in April 1962 by Atlantic Records. It was recorded in 1961, and features Mingus (usually known to play bass) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus.\n\n\"Hog Callin' Blues\" – 7:27\n\"Devil Woman\" – 9:42\n\"Wham Bam Thank",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which competitor triumphed in the Indy car competition in the most populous city of the state that's home to the artist who sang 'Oh Yeah'? | [
{
"id": 726391,
"question": "Oh Yeah >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest populated city in the state where the Oh Yeah performer is from? |
2hop__8496_21567 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.\nAn alternative contemporary hypothesis states that Medieval Latin sclāvus via *scylāvus derives from Byzantine σκυλάω (skūláō, skyláō) or σκυλε��ω (skūleúō, skyleúō) with the meaning \"to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)\" or \"to make booty / extract spoils of war\". This version has been criticized as well.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThere is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as \"unfree labourer\" or \"enslaved person\", rather than \"slave\", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, slave perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of \"carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were\" (see also People-first language). Other historians prefer slave because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with person implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.\n\n\n=== Chattel slavery ===\n\nAs a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as chattels (personal property) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. \nChattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the Roman Empire and classical Greece, where it was considered a keystone of society. \nOther places where it was extensively practiced include Medieval Egypt, SubsaharanThe earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).\nMany historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Late Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what itThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it had been before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the Reformation. Toward the end of the period, the Age of Discovery began. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire cut off trading possibilities with the East. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 and Vasco da Gama's voyage to Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was responsible for establishing a musical notation method in the 14th century in a location where there were no signs of Slavic occupation before approximately 600 AD? | [
{
"id": 8496,
"question": "There is no evidence of a Slavic settlement where before c. 600 AD?",
"answer": "the Balkans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 21567,
"question": "Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the #1 in the 14th century?",
"answer": "John Kukuzelis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | John Kukuzelis | [] | true | Who introduced a system of musical notation used during the 14th century in the place where there is no evidence of a Slavic settlement before c. 600 AD? |
2hop__575188_342798 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan",
"paragraph_text": "Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan (also Amanollah Khan Donboli \"Nazer ol-Ayaleh\" \"Zia' os-Soltan\") was an Iranian aristocrat and politician at Qajar court during the time of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, Mohammad Ali Shah and Ahmad Shah Qajar and hero of the Persian Constitutional Revolution.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mahmoud Mirza",
"paragraph_text": "Mahmoud Mirza (9 October 1905 – 2 July 1988) Iranian prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.Mahmoud Mirza (9 October 1905 – 2 July 1988) Iranian prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.Mahmoud Mirza Qajar (Persian: محمود میرزا قاجار; October 9, 1905 – July 2, 1988), Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.\nHe was head of the Qajar dynasty from the death of his nephew Hamid Mirza on 5 May 1988 until his own death on 2 July 1988.\n\n\n== Offspring ==\nHe married Effat Ashtiani. They had issue, a daughter and a son:\n\nTourandokht (b. 1 February 1940, Deauville) married to Keykhosro Kamrani (d. 8 January 2007, Paris) a descendant of Prince Kamran Mirza son of Naser al-Din Shah. She has two children: Djahangir Kamrani (b. 8 January 1970, Paris) and Navid (15 June 1981, Paris).\nPrince Mohammad Ali Mirza (b. 23 May 1942, Paris). He is a banker. He was first married to Robin Kadjar-Wambold, daughter of Giti Afrouz daughter of Mohammad Hassan Mirza. They divorced without offspring. From his second marriage to Charlotte Fournois, He has one daughter: Roxanne (b. 30 May 1993, Paris)\n\n\n== External links ==\nPhoto of Mahmoud Mirza\nQajar pagesMahmoud Mirza Qajar (Persian: محمود میرزا قاجار; October 9, 1905 – July 2, 1988), Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.\nHe was head of the Qajar dynasty from the death of his nephew Hamid Mirza on 5 May 1988 until his own death on 2 July 1988.\n\n\n== Offspring ==\nHe married Effat Ashtiani. They had issue, a daughter and a son:\n\nTourandokht (b. 1 February 1940, Deauville) married to Keykhosro Kamrani (d. 8 January 2007, Paris) a descendant of Prince Kamran Mirza son of Naser al-Din Shah. She has two children: Djahangir Kamrani (b. 8 January 1970, Paris) and Navid (15 June 1981, Paris).\nPrince Mohammad Ali Mirza (b. 23 May 1942, Paris). He is a banker. He was first married to Robin Kadjar-Wambold, daughter of Giti Afrouz daughter of Mohammad Hassan Mirza. They divorced without offspring. From his second marriage to Charlotte Fournois, He has one daughter: Roxanne (b. 30 May 1993, Paris)\n\n\n== External links ==\nPhoto of Mahmoud Mirza\nQajar pagesMahmoud Mirza Qajar (Persian: محمود میرزا قاجار; October 9, 1905 – July 2, 1988), Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.\nHe was head of the Qajar dynasty from the death of his nephew Hamid Mirza on 5 May 1988 until his own death on 2 July 1988.\n\n\n== Offspring ==\nHe married Effat Ashtiani. They had issue, a daughter and a son:\n\nTourandokht (b. 1 February 1940, Deauville) married to Keykhosro Kamrani (d. 8 January 2007, Paris) a descendant of Prince Kamran Mirza son of Naser al-Din Shah. She has two children: Djahangir Kamrani (b. 8 January 1970, Paris) and Navid (15 June 1981, Paris).\nPrince Mohammad Ali Mirza (b. 23 May 1942, Paris). He is a banker. He was first married to Robin Kadjar-Wambold, daughter of Giti Afrouz daughter of Mohammad Hassan Mirza. They divorced without offspring. From his second marriage to Charlotte Fournois, He has one daughter: Roxanne (b. 30 May 1993, Paris)\n\n\n== External links ==\nPhoto of Mahmoud Mirza\nQajar pagesMahmoud Mirza Qajar (Persian: محمود میرزا قاجار; October 9, 1905 – July 2, 1988), Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.\nHe was head of the Qajar dynasty from the death of his nephew Hamid Mirza on 5 May 1988 until his own death on 2 July 1988.\n\n\n== Offspring ==\nHe married Effat Ashtiani. They had issue, a daughter and a son:\n\nTourandokht (b. 1 February 1940, Deauville) married to Keykhosro Kamrani (d. 8 January 2007, Paris) a descendant of Prince Kamran Mirza son of Naser al-Din Shah. She has two children: Djahangir Kamrani (b. 8 January 1970, Paris) and Navid (15 June 1981, Paris).\nPrince Mohammad Ali Mirza (b. 23 May 1942, Paris). He is a banker. He was first married to Robin Kadjar-Wambold, daughter of Giti Afrouz daughter of Mohammad Hassan Mirza. They divorced without offspring. From his second marriage to Charlotte Fournois, He has one daughter: Roxanne (b. 30 May 1993, Paris)\n\n\n== External links ==\nPhoto of Mahmoud Mirza\nQajar pagesMah",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who does the father of Mahmoud Mirza have as a child? | [
{
"id": 575188,
"question": "Mahmoud Mirza >> father",
"answer": "Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 342798,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Ahmad Shah Qajar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Ahmad Shah Qajar | [] | true | Who is the child of Mahmoud Mirza's father? |
4hop1__130623_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranks as the third-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the state, and the 71st-most populous in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but Charleston remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.\nCharleston's significance in American history is tied to its role as a major slave trading port. Charleston slave traders like Joseph Wragg were the first to break through the monopoly of the Royal African Company and pioneered the large-scale slave trade of the 18th century; almost one-half of slaves imported to the United States arrived in Charleston. In 2018, the city formally apologized for its role in the American slave trade.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Colonial era (1670–1776) ===\n\nKing Charles II granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. In 1670, Governor William Sayle arranged for several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda and Barbados. These settlers established what was then called Charles Town at Albemarle Point, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. Charles Town became the first comprehensively planned town in the Thirteen Colonies. Its governance, settlement, and development was to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke. Because the Carolina's Fundamental Constitutions was never ratified, however, Charles Town was never incorporated during the colonial period. Instead, local ordinances were passed by the provincial government, with day-to-day administration handled by the wardens andAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Erskine College",
"paragraph_text": "-related college in South Carolina. It was named for Ebenezer ErErskine College is a private Christian college in Due West, South Carolina, United States. It offers an undergraduate liberal arts college and a graduate theological seminary. The college was founded in 1839 by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, and its sports teams compete in NCAA Division II as a member of Conference Carolinas.EErskine College is a private Christian college in Due West, South Carolina, United States. It offers an undergraduate liberal arts college and a graduate theological seminary. The college was founded in 1839 by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, and its sports teams compete in NCAA Division II as a member of Conference Carolinas. History ==\nErskine College was founded by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in 1839. Prior to this time the church had established an academy for men in Due West, S.C., in 1835, and a seminary in 1837. The academy became Erskine College, the first four-year church-related college in South Carolina. It was named for Ebenezer ErErskine College is a private Christian college in Due West, South Carolina, United States. It offers an undergraduate liberal arts college and a graduate theological seminary. The college was founded in 1839 by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, and its sports teams compete in NCAA Division II as a member of Conference Carolinas.Erskine College is a private Christian college in Due West, South Carolina, United States. It is an undergraduate liberal arts college and a graduate theological seminary. The college was founded in 1839 by the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Its sports",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.Forest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "inese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of ChineseWWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what county is a city located that shares a border with the state capital where Erskine College is situated? | [
{
"id": 130623,
"question": "What state is Erskine College located?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
] | true | What county has a city that is adjacent to the capital city of Erskine College's state? |
2hop__5658_161105 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis",
"paragraph_text": " Yeltsin's economic reform program took effect on 2 January 1992. Soon afterward, prices skyrocketed, government spending was slashed, and heavy new taxes went into effectThe ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.The ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"paragraph_text": "On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.le represented the working class; more specifically, the hammer represented the urban industrial workers and the sickle represented the rural and agricultural peasants. The red star represented the Communist Party and Communism. The red of the flag represented revolution in general and the Russian Revolution in particular. The blue stripe symbolized the wide Russian skies and the waters of its seas and rivers.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first flag of the Russian SFSR, adopted on 14 April 1918, was a flag showing the full name of the recently created Soviet republic before the then imminent Russian spelling reform. Its ratio was unspecified.\nFrom June 1918, the flag was red with the gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР (RSFSR) in the top-left corner, in a traditional Vyaz' style of ornamental Cyrillic calligraphy.\nFrom 1920, the characters were redesigned as described by the Russian Constitution of 1925. However, this flag was oftentimes not used, with the 1918 flag being used until 1937.\n\nIn February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution urging the Soviet republics to adopt new flags. The design was suggested to be based on the state flag of the USSR, as to indicate the idea of the republic within the union, and to include colors and national ornaments to express the geographical, national, historical and cultural characteristics of each republic. In the Russian SFSR, the chairman of the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Peter Bakhmurov opened the first meeting the next month to redesign the national flag.\nOn 9 January 1954, the new national flag of the RSFSR was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. The flag was designed by artist Valentin Petrovich Viktorov. On 2 June 1954, the description of the flag was included in the Constitution of the RSFSR.\nAfter the attempted coup of 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian SFSR adopted a resolution that the imperial tricolor flagUnder the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".The penultimate USSR-era flag was adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1954 and used until 1991. The flag of the Russian SFSR was a defacement of the flag of the USSR. The constitution stipulated:\n\nThe state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) presents itself as a red, rectangular sheet with a light-blue stripe at the pole extending all the width [read height] which constitutes one eighth length of the flag.\nThe symbol of the hammer and sickle represented the working class; more specifically, the hammer represented the urban industrial workers and the sickle represented the rural and agricultural peasants. The red star represented the Communist Party and Communism. The red of the flag represented revolution in general and the Russian Revolution in particular. The blue stripe symbolized the wide Russian skies and the waters of its seas and rivers.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first flag of the Russian SFSR, adopted on 14 April 1918, was a flag showing the full name of the recently created Soviet republic before the then imminent Russian spelling reform. Its ratio was unspecified.\nFrom June 1918, the flag was red with the gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР (RSFSR) in the top-left corner, in a traditional Vyaz' style of ornamental Cyrillic calligraphy.\nFrom 1920, the characters were redesigned as described by the Russian Constitution of 1925. However, this flag was oftentimes not used, with the 1918 flag being used until 1937.\n\nIn February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution urging the Soviet republics to adopt new flags. The design was suggested to be based on the state flag of the USSR, as to indicate the idea of the republic within the union, and to include colors and national ornaments to express the geographical, national, historical and cultural characteristics of each republic. In the Russian SFSR, the chairman of the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Peter Bakhmurov opened the first meeting the next month to redesign the national flag.\nOn 9 January 1954, the new national flag of the RSFSR was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. The flag was designed by artist Valentin Petrovich Viktorov. On 2 June 1954, the description of the flag was included in the Constitution of the RSFSR.\nAfter the attempted coup of 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian SFSR adopted a resolution that the imperial tricolor flag of the Russian Empire would be the flag of RSFSR. On 22 August 1991 the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided:\n\nPrior to the establishment of the new state symbol of the Russian Federation, the historical flag of Russia – the flag with equal horizontal white, azure, scarlet stripes should be regarded as the official national flag of the Russian Federation.\nIt was first hoisted at 12:00 pm on 22 August 1991 at the White House. A tricolor with the hammer and sickle on the centre was also later proposed.\nOn 1 November 1991, the Constitution of the RSFSR was amended to adopt the white-azure-scarlet flag as the official national flag.\n\n\n=== Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR ===\n\nSince the first meeting for creating new national flag of the RFSFR in March 1947, some proposals were sent to the authority. The graphic artist Alexey Kokorekin create a proposal to add white and blue horizontal stripes at the bottom, both two stripes took 1��6 of the flag's height. His proposal was submitted to the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Alexander Gorkin in June 1948 and again to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR Boris Chernousov in December 1949, but was not approved.\nMikhail Rodionov also created another proposal for the state flag of the RSFSR. It consisted of a traditional tricolour flag and a hammer and a sickle in the middle of the flag. Because of his proposal, he was accused of nationalism and anti-Sovietism in 1950, at the Leningrad affair case.\n\n\n== Other Russian SFSR flags ==\nThe banner of the republic was a 1:1 ratio red flag with gold fringe, commonly used in ceremonies. The banner was also used for the first inauguration of Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian SFSR on 10 July 1991.\n\n\n== Colour scheme ==\n\n\n== Regional flags based on the flag of RSFSR ==\n\n\n=== Flags of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics ===\nFlags of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of RSFSR were defacements of the 1954 flag of RSFSR, with texts or acronyms of the name of the republic in official languages.\n\n\n=== Flags of the post-Soviet Russian Regional flags based on the flag of RSFSR ===\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nFlag of the Soviet Union\nCoat of arms of the Russian SFSR\nFlag of Russia\nList of Russian flags\nDefacement (",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the margin of votes by which the individual who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR avoided being impeached? | [
{
"id": 5658,
"question": "Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?",
"answer": "Yeltsin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 161105,
"question": "By how many votes did #1 survive an impeachment?",
"answer": "72",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | 72 | [] | true | By how many votes did the signer of the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR survive impeachment? |
3hop2__792915_467331_162182 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Cái River",
"paragraph_text": " Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam.The Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The CáiThe Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km². area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam.The Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang",
"paragraph_text": " equipment; a military museum; a reproduction of Ho Chi Minh's house in Hanoi; and a Ho Chi Minh Museum.\n\n\n=== Outdoor display ===\nItems on display:\n\n100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) produced in Soviet Union\nCessna A-37 Dragonfly 10793 light aircraft captured at Da Nang Air Base on March 29, 1975 and later used in the Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base\nBLU-82 \"Daisy Cutter\" bomb recovered from An Lão District in 2006\nSoviet-built Bulldozers (2)\nCessna O-1 Bird Dog 042 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the early stages of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM8 Greyhound armoured car captured from Groupe Mobile 100 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM-46 130mm towed field gun\nM41 tank used by the ARVN 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment and captured at Tân Cảnh during the Battle of Kontum in May 1972\nM48A3 Patton tank used by the ARVN 1st Cavalry Brigade and captured at Da Nang on March 29, 1975\nM101 howitzer (2) captured in Bình Định Province in 1972\nM102 howitzer captured in April 1975\nM107 self-propelled gun captured at Da Nang in March 1975\nM113 armored personnel carrier captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM114 155 mm howitzer captured in 1954 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM1938 122mm howitzer used by People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) Brigade 52 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM1939 37mm anti-aircraft gun used by PAVN Regiment 573 it apparently shot down an A-37 in Tiên Phước District on 17 March 1975\nM1943 160mm mortar used by PAVN Regiment 576 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM578 Light Recovery Vehicle captured in 1975\nMiG-21 5114 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Nguyen Van Nghia to shoot down a US McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II over Bac Thai in 1972\nMiG-21 5127 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Le Khuong\nP-15 Termit antiship missile\nQF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer captured from the French in Bình Thuận Province in 1953\nSA-2 Guideline SAM, used by Regiment 275, Air Defence Division 375\nT34/85 tank used in Operation Lam Son 719\nToyota pickup mounting a recoilless rifle captured in the CambodianThe Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands..\nThe Museum's opening hours are from 07:30 to 10:30 and from 13:30 to 16:30 daily except Monday. Admission is free for Vietnamese and VND 60,000 for non-Vietnamese, plus VND 10,000 to take photos.\n\n\n== Exhibits ==\nThe museum complex comprises four main sections: an outdoor display of large military equipment; a military museum; a reproduction",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which part of the country with the Cái River houses the city where the Zone 5 Military Museum is situated? | [
{
"id": 792915,
"question": "Cái River >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 467331,
"question": "Zone 5 Military Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of the country containing the Cái River is the city that has the Zone 5 Military Museum located? |
2hop__152700_141308 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Apple Records",
"paragraph_text": " were contracted to EMI. In a new distribution deal, EMI and its US subsidiary Capitol Records agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1976, while EMI retained ownership of their recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, while US issues carried Capitol catalogue numbers. Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles' videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number Apple 1 was a single pressing of Frank Sinatra singing \"Maureen Is a Champ\" (with lyrics by Sammy Cahn) to the melody of \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" as a surprise gift for the 21st birthday of Ringo Starr's wife Maureen.\nApple Records and Apple Publishing signed a number of acts whom the Beatles personally discovered or supported, and one or more of the Beatles would be involved in the recording sessions in most cases. Several notable artists were signed in the first year, including James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Billy Preston, the Modern Jazz Quartet, the Iveys (who became Badfinger), Doris Troy, and former Liverpool singer Jackie Lomax who recorded George Harrison's \"Sour Milk Sea\".\n\n\n=== 1969–1973: Klein era ===\nIn 1969, the Beatles were in need of financial and managerial direction, and John Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, manager of The Rolling Stones. When Klein went on to manage Apple, three of the Beatles supported him with Paul McCartney being the only group member opposed to his involvement. McCartney had suggested his father-in-law Lee Eastman for the job.\nKlein took control of Apple and shut down several sub-divisions, including Apple Electronics, and he dropped some of Apple Records' artistic roster. New signings to the label were not so numerous afterward and tended to arrive through the individual actions of the former Beatles. For example, Elephant's Memory were recruited through Lennon and Ravi Shankar through Harrison. McCartney had little input into Apple Records' roster after 1970. Klein managed Apple Corps until March 1973, when his contract expired. The Beatles' entire pre-Apple catalogue on the Capitol label was re-issued on the Apple label in May 1971, including the singles from \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" to \"Lady Madonna\", and the albums from Meet the Beatles! to Magical Mystery Tour. The album covers remained unchanged with the Capitol logos.\n\n\n=== 1973–2007: Aspinall era, Beatles reissues ===\nAfter Klein's departure, Apple was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and their heirs. Apple Records' distribution contract with EMI expired in 1976, when control of the Beatles' catalogue—including solo recordings to date by George Harrison, John Lennon and Ringo Starr—reverted to EMI (Paul McCartney had acquired ownership of his solo recordings when he re-signed with Capitol in 1975).\nThe original UK versions of the Beatles' albums were released worldwide on compact disc in 1987 and 1988 by Parlophone. Previously, Abbey Road had been issued on CD by the Toshiba-EMI label in Japan in 1983. Although this was a legitimate release, it was not authorised by the Beatles, EMI or Apple Corps. Following the settlement of Apple's ten-year lawsuit against EMI in 1989, new projects began to move forward, including the Live at the BBC album and The Beatles Anthology series. It was after the Anthology project (spearheaded by Neil Aspinall) that the company resumed making significantly large profits againApple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger, and Billy Preston. In practice, the roster had become dominated by the mid-1970s with releases of the former Beatles as solo artists. Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973, then it was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the Beatles and their heirs. Aspinall retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones.== History ==\n\n\n=== 1967–1969: early years ===\n\nApple Corps Ltd was conceived by the Beatles in 1967 after the death of their manager Brian Epstein. It was intended to be a small group of companies (Apple Retail, Apple Publishing, Apple Electronics, and so on) as part of Epstein's plan to create a tax-effective business structure. The first project that the band released after forming the company was their film Magical Mystery Tour, which was produced under the Apple Films division. Apple Records was officially founded by the group after their return from India in 1968 as another sub-division of Apple Corps.\nAt this time, the Beatles were contracted to EMI. In a new distribution deal, EMI and its US subsidiary Capitol Records agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1976, while EMI retained ownership of their recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, while US issues carried Capitol catalogue numbers. Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles' videos",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Oh Woman, Oh Why",
"paragraph_text": " establishes a solid foundation upon which tight guitar lines interweave. Beatle biographer John Blaney praised McCartney's \"rip-roaring\" vocal performance for its grit and rawness. Blaney also praises McCartney's \"economical\" bass line and Denny Seiwell's \"thunderous\" drumming. Blaney does criticize the lyrics for \"questioning rather than celebrating womanhood,\" stating that in this context the aggressiveness of the vocal performance is \"particularly notable.\"\n\n\n== Release ==\n\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" was listed with \"Another Day\" during the single's run on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States. The record peaked at number 5 on the Hot 100 in April 1971. On the Cash Box Top 100 chart, which listed sides separately, \"Oh\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is a song written by English musician Paul McCartney, first released on the Apple Records label in February 1971 as the B-side to McCartney's debut single as a solo artist, \"Another Day\".\"\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is a song written by English musician Paul McCartney, first released on the Apple Records label in February 1971 as the B-side to McCartney's debut single as a solo artist, \"Another Day\"..\n\n\n== Lyrics and music ==\nThe overall style of \"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is that of a tense, blues rock song complemented by a fierce vocal delivery. In addition, the song is paced by a drum rhythm which establishes a solid foundation upon which tight guitar lines interweave. Beatle biographer John Blaney praised McCartney's \"rip-roaring\" vocal performance for its grit and rawness. Blaney also praises McCartney's \"economical\" bass line and Denny Seiwell's \"thunderous\" drumming. Blaney does criticize the lyrics for \"questioning rather than celebrating womanhood,\" stating that in this context the aggressiveness of the vocal performance is \"particularly notable.\"\n\n\n== Release ==\n\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" was listed with \"Another Day\" during the single's run on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States. The record peaked at number 5 on the Hot 100 in April 1971. On the Cash Box Top 100 chart, which listed sides separately, \"Oh\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is a song written by English musician Paul McCartney, first released on the Apple Records label in February 1971 as the B-side to McCartney's debut single as a solo artist, \"Another Day\".\"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is a song written by English musician Paul McCartney, first released on the Apple Records label in February 1971 as the B-side to McCartney's debut single as a solo artist, \"Another Day\".\n\n\n== Lyrics and music ==\nThe overall style of \"Oh Woman, Oh Why\" is that of a tense, blues rock song complemented by a fierce vocal delivery. In addition, the song is paced by a drum rhythm which establishes a solid foundation upon which tight guitar lines interweave. Beatle biographer John Blaney praised McCartney's \"rip-roaring\" vocal performance for its grit and rawness. Blaney also praises McCartney's \"economical\" bass line and Denny Seiwell's \"thunderous\" drumming. Blaney does criticize the lyrics for \"questioning rather than celebrating womanhood,\" stating that in this context the aggressiveness of the vocal performance is \"particularly notable.\"\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Under which corporation does the record label for the song "Oh Woman, Oh Why" fall? | [
{
"id": 152700,
"question": "Which was the record label for Oh Woman, Oh Why?",
"answer": "Apple Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 141308,
"question": "What company is #1 part of?",
"answer": "Apple Corps",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Apple Corps | [] | true | What company is the record label for Oh Woman, Oh Why a part of? |
2hop__689472_52835 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Feelin' the Same Way",
"paragraph_text": " a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a name of a song by Norah Jones released on her debut album \"Come Away with Me\". It was written by the songwriter Lee Alexander. The song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart, but it was not as successful as its successor, \"Come Away with Me\". The song was the second single released from \"Come Away with Me\".\"Feelin'\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a name of a song by Norah Jones released on her debut album \"Come Away with Me\". It was written by the songwriter Lee Alexander. The song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart, but it was not as successful as its successor, \"Come Away with Me\". The song was the second single released from \"Come Away with Me\". the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a name of a song by Norah Jones released on her debut album \"Come Away with Me\". It was written by the songwriter Lee Alexander. The song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart, but it was not as successful as its successor, \"Come Away with Me\". The song was the second single released from \"Come Away with Me\".\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002). It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones. Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": ", 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Lou``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)ah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the author of the song 'Turn Me On' performed by the artist known for the song 'Feelin' the Same Way'? | [
{
"id": 689472,
"question": "Feelin' the Same Way >> performer",
"answer": "Norah Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 52835,
"question": "who wrote turn me on by #1",
"answer": "John D. Loudermilk",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | John D. Loudermilk | [] | true | Who wrote the song turn me on that is performed by performer of Feelin' the Same Way? |
2hop__9014_679424 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Attila Juhász",
"paragraph_text": " mayor of Senta. He is a member of the Vojvodina Parliament.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHis parents are Ferencz Juhász and Mária Kurin. He is married. His wife is Kornélia Juhász Lassu. They have two daughters, Boglárka and Orsolya.\n\n\n== References ==\n\nHódi Sándor. \"A déli végeken. Ki kicsoda (On the southern end. Who's Who)\" (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2010-01-27.\n\n\n== External links ==\nAttila Juhász. \"Rechtliche, wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelleRahmenbedingungen der Lokalverwaltung in der Vojvodina\" (PDF). Beiträge der Münchener Vojvodina-Konferenz, Attila Juhász (, ) (born July 15, 1967 in Senta, SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Serbia. He was the president of Senta municipality as a member of Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.AttilAttila Juhász (, ) (born July 15, 1967 in Senta, SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Serbia. He was the president of Senta municipality as a member of Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians. Senta municipality as a member of Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.\nHe graduated in 1996 from the University of Novi Sad as a teacher of Hungarian language and literature. He worked for the Radio Novi Sad and contributed to the Napló newspaper. Between 1997-2008 he was the mayor of Senta. He is a member of the Vojvodina Parliament.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHis parents are Ferencz Juhász and Mária Kurin. He is married. His wife is Kornélia Juhász Lassu. They have two daughters, Boglárka and Orsolya.\n\n\n== References ==\n\nHódi Sándor. \"A déli végeken. Ki kicsoda (On the southern end. Who's Who)\" (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2010-01-27.\n\n\n== External links ==\nAttila Juhász. \"Rechtliche, wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelleRahmenbedingungen der Lokalverwaltung in der Vojvodina\" (PDF). Beiträge der Münchener Vojvodina-Konferenz, Attila Juhász (, ) (born July 15, 1967 in Senta, SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Serbia. He was the president of Senta municipality as a member of Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.Attila Juhász (Serbian: Атила ��ухас, Atila Juhas) (born July 15, 1967 in Senta, SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Serbia. He was the president of Senta municipality as a member of Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.\nHe graduated in 1996 from the University of Novi Sad as a teacher of Hungarian language and literature. He worked for the Radio Novi Sad and contributed to the Napló newspaper. Between 199",
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},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in theTito has also been named as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nationalities. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which location can one find the Socialist Autonomous Province of the city known for the mass extermination of the Danube Swabian community? | [
{
"id": 9014,
"question": "There were mass executions of Danube Swabian populations in what city?",
"answer": "Vojvodina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 679424,
"question": "Socialist Autonomous Province of #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "SR Serbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | SR Serbia | [] | true | The Socialist Autonomous Province of the city where there were mass executions of Danube Swabian population are located in where? |
3hop1__635099_131926_89261 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 202Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": " for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of theThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Write This Down (band)",
"paragraph_text": " on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then theyWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.WriteWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart. band was formed in 2005 and, after several line-up changes, the band consisted of Johnny Collier, Andy Kalyvas, Chad Nichols, John Oberbeck and Nate Rockwell. The name came after a song on pop-punk band Cartel's The Ransom EP. In 2007, Write This Down released two self-produced EPs. Although their first EP is titled Alarm the Alarm, the original version of the song \"Alarm the Alarm\" does not appear on this recording. It is released on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then theyWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, Write This Down, peaked at No. 45 on Billboard's Christian Albums chart.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band was formed in 2005 and, after several line-up changes, the band consisted of Johnny Collier, Andy Kalyvas, Chad Nichols, John Oberbeck and Nate Rockwell. The name came after a song on pop-punk band Cartel's The Ransom EP. In 2007, Write This Down released two self-produced EPs. Although their first EP is titled Alarm the Alarm, the original version of the song \"Alarm the Alarm\" does not appear on this recording. It is released on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then they have added Nick Lombardo and Mike Kuwica to the lineup. Their self-titled album, Write This Down, was released on April 20, 2010.\nA second album, Lost Weekend, was released on May 22, 2012. After extensive touring, Johnny Collier decided to leave the band for personal reasons. However, they announced that they're working on a five-track EP and \"hopefully a full length to shortly follow\". On November 24, 2015, Write This Down self-released their third EP, Foundations, making it the first release without Johnny Collier.\n\n\n== Band members ==\nCurrent\n\nChad Nichols – drums (since 2005)\nNate Rockwell – guitar, vocals (since 2005)\nMike Kuwica – guitar, vocals (since 2011)\nNick Lombardo - bass (since 2009)\nFormer\n\nJohnny Collier – lead vocals (2005-2014)\nJared Kocka – guitar (2008-2010)\nAndy Kalyvas – bass (2005–2009)\nAaron Rockwell – guitar (2007-200",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where does the water body situated near the city, where the formation of Write This Down took place, discharge into the Gulf of Mexico? | [
{
"id": 635099,
"question": "Write This Down >> location of formation",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 89261,
"question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico",
"answer": "the Mississippi River Delta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | the Mississippi River Delta | [
"Mississippi River Delta"
] | true | Where does the body of water by the city where Write This Down was formed empty into the Gulf of Mexico? |
2hop__75207_365216 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "San Clemente, Chile",
"paragraph_text": " km2 (1,739 sq mi) and has 37,261 inhabitants (18,988 men and 18,273 women). Of these, 13,398 (36%) lived in urban areas and 23,863 (64%) in rural areas. The population grew by 2.3% (847 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs a commune, San Clemente is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Oscar Galvez Rebolledo (RN).\nWithin the electoral divisions of Chile, San Clemente is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Pablo Lorenzini (PDC) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (UDI) as part of the 38th electoral district, together with Curepto, Constitución, Empedrado, Pencahue, Maule, Pelarco, Río Claro and San Rafael. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== References ==San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAccording to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Clemente spans an area of 4,503.5 km2 (1,739 sq mi) and has 37,261 inhabitants (18,988 men and 18,273 women). Of these, 13,398 (36%) lived in urban areas and 23,863 (64%) in rural areas. The population grew by 2.3% (847 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs a commune, San Clemente is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Oscar Galvez Rebolledo (RN).\nWithin the electoral divisions of Chile, San Clemente is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Pablo Lorenzini (PDC) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (UDI) as part of the 38th electoral district, together with Curepto, Constitución, Empedrado, Pencahue, Maule, Pelarco, Río Claro and San Rafael. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== References ==San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAccording to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Clemente spans an area of 4,503.5 km2 (1,739 sq mi) and has 37,261 inhabitants (18,988 men and 18,273 women). Of these, 13,398 (36%) lived in urban areas and 23,863 (64%) in rural areas. The population grew by 2.3% (847 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs a commune, San Clemente is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Oscar Galvez Rebolledo (RN).\nWithin the electoral divisions of Chile, San Clemente is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Pablo Lorenzini (PDC) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.SSan Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.== Demographics ==\nAccording to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Clemente spans an area of 4,503.5 km2 (1,739 sq mi) and has 37,261 inhabitants (18,988 men and 18,273 women). Of these, 13,398 (36%) lived in urban areas and 23,863 (64%) in rural areas. The population grew by 2.3% (847 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs a commune, San Clemente is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Oscar Galvez Rebolledo (RN).\nWithin the electoral divisions of Chile, San Clemente is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Pablo Lorenzini (PDC) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (UDI) as part of the 38th electoral district, together with Curepto, Constitución, Empedrado, Pencahue, Maule, Pelarco, Río Claro and San Rafael. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== References ==San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAccording to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Clemente spans an area of 4,503.5 km2 (1,739 sq mi) and has 37,261 inhabitants (18,988 men and 18,273 women). Of these, 13,398 (36%) lived in urban areas and 23,863 (64%) in rural areas. The population grew by 2.3% (847 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs a commune, San Clemente is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Rodrigo de la Serna, who incidentally is a second cousin to the real-life Guevara on his maternal side. Directed by Brazilian director Walter Salles and written by Puerto Rican playwright José Rivera, the film was an international co-production among production companies from Argentina, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, Peru and France. The film's executive producers were Robert Redford, Paul Webster, and Rebecca Yeldham; the producers were Edgard Tenenbaum, Michael Nozik, and Karen Tenkhoff; and the co-producers were Daniel Burman and Diego Dubcovsky.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Che of The Motorcycle Diaries is more akin to Jack Kerouac or Neal Cassady than Marx or Lenin.\"\nIn 1952, a semester before Ernesto \"Fuser\" Guevara is due to complete his medical degree, he and his older friend Alberto Granado, a biochemist, leave Buenos Aires to travel across South America. While there is a goal at the end of their journey – they intend to work in a leper colony in Peru – the main purpose is initially fun and adventure. They desire to see as much of Latin America as they can, more than 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) in just four and a half months, while Granado's purpose is also to bed as many women as will fall for his pickup lines. Their initial method of transport is Granado's dilapidated Norton 500 motorcycle christened La Poderosa (\"The Mighty One\").\nTheir planned route is ambitious, bringing them north across the Andes, along the coast of Chile, through the Atacama Desert and into the Peruvian Amazon in order to reach Venezuela just in time for Granado's 30th birthday on 2 April. However, due to La Poderosa's breakdown, they are forced to travel at a much slower pace, often walking, and do not make it to Caracas until July.\nDuring their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the \"haves\" (to which they belong) and the obviously exploited \"have-nots\" (who make up the majority of those they encounter)During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers. and Granado witness first hand the injustices that the destitute face and are exposed to people and social classes they would have never encountered otherwise. To their surprise, the road presents to them both a genuine and captivating picture of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what province can you find San Clemente, the same area where Fuser and Alberto encountered the native pair in search of employment? | [
{
"id": 75207,
"question": "where do fuser and alberto meet the indigenous couple who were traveling to look for work",
"answer": "In Chile",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 365216,
"question": "San Clemente, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Talca Province",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Talca Province | [] | true | In which province is San Clemente, from the country where Fuser and Alberto meet the indigenous couple who were traveling to look for work? |
4hop2__567956_14670_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.\nAn alternative contemporary hypothesis states that Medieval Latin sclāvus via *scylāvus derives from Byzantine σκυλάω (skūláō, skyláō) or σκυλε��ω (skūleúō, skyleúō) with the meaning \"to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)\" or \"to make booty / extract spoils of war\". This version has been criticized as well.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThere is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as \"unfree labourer\" or \"enslaved person\", rather than \"slave\", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, slave perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of \"carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were\" (see also People-first language). Other historians prefer slave because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with person implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.\n\n\n=== Chattel slavery ===\n\nAs a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as chattels (personal property) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. \nChattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the Roman Empire and classical Greece, where it was considered a keystone of society. \nOther places where it was extensively practiced include Medieval Egypt, Subsaharan Africa, Brazil, the United States and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti. \nThe Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery.\"\nBeginning in the 18th century, a series of abolitionist movements saw slavery as a violation of the slaves' rights as people (\"all men are created equal\"), and sought to abolish it. Abolitionism encountered extreme resistance but was eventually successful. Several of the states of the United States began abolishing slavery during the American Revolutionary War. The French Revolution tried to abolish slavery in 1794,The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).Slavery isThe word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).\nMany historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In AprilIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Prague underground (culture)",
"paragraph_text": "Prague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": "Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.\nThe U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders\". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America.\n\n\n== Mission ==\nThe United States Army serves as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the term "Slavs" incorporated into the national anthem of the country that was invaded by Country A which had an unprepared military division including the Air Defense Artillery, thus leading to normalization? | [
{
"id": 567956,
"question": "Normalization >> country",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | Normalization occurred in Country A that invaded Country B because the military branch that Air Defense Artillery is part of was unprepared. when was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Country B? |
2hop__263728_705527 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Anwer Ali",
"paragraph_text": " Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.\n\n\n== Death and legacy ==\nAnwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.\nAnwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, FPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur.MPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur. Lahore and then went on to graduate from the Government College, Lahore. He joined the British Indian Army in 1945 and served as an assistant to the British governor in Calcutta. In the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, he did military duty at the Sargodha Airbase.\nHis village is Ali Pur Noon, situated in Bhera circle in Bhalwal Tehsil, Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.\n\n\n== Death and legacy ==\nAnwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.\nAnwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, FPrince Anwer Ali was the son of Emperor Muhammad Shah. After Muhammad Shah was attacked & deposed by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748 young Prince Anwer Ali then about 17 & half year old escaped to his grand Aunt Princess Jahanarra & hid in a place in Arrah, Bihar which was infested with bears. Later this place was named by him as Bhaluhipur.Malik Anwar Ali Noon (1924 – 12 September 2014) son of Malik Sultan Ali Noon, was a politician and a large landowner of Sargodha, Pakistan. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nAnwar Ali Noon received his college education from Aitchison College, Lahore and then went on to graduate from the Government College, Lahore. He joined the British Indian Army in 1945 and served as an assistant to the British governor in Calcutta. In the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, he did military duty at the Sargodha Airbase.\nHis village is Ali Pur Noon, situated in Bhera circle in Bhalwal Tehsil, Sargodha District. Anwar Ali Noon was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan twice and was considered a friend of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He was also a founding member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He retired from active politics in the late 1970s.\n\n\n== Death and legacy ==\nAnwar Ali Noon died on 12 September 2014 at age 90. He was survived by his widow Begum Parween Anwar Noon. His sons include Munawwar Ali Noon, Amjad Ali Noon and Asad Ali Noon. He also had 4 surviving daughters.\nAnwar Ali Noon was also a cousin of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s, Feroz Khan Noon.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAmjad Ali Noon - ArchivedMalik Anwar Ali Noon (1924 – 12 September 2014) son of Malik Sultan Ali Noon, was a politician and a large landowner of Sargodha, Pakistan. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.\n\n\n== Early life and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Qudsia Begum",
"paragraph_text": "-Mulk, Amir Khan. The emperor was so fascinated by her, that he raised her to the dignity of an empress. \nShe gave birth to Muhammad Shah's only surviving son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur on 23 December 1725. Her son was, however, brought up by Muhammad Shah's empresses Badshah Begum and Sahiba Mahal.\n\n\n== Empress dowager ==\nIn April 1748, Muhammad Shah died. Her son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, who was in camp with Safdar Jang near Panipat to return to Delhi and claim the throne. On Safdar Jang's advice, he was enthroned at Panipat and returned to Delhi a few days later. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A series of defeats and internal struggles led to his downfall. \nShe was successively given the titles of Bai-Ju Sahiba, Nawab Qudsiya, Sahiba-uz-Zamani, Sahibjiu Sahiba, Hazrat Qibla-i-Alam, and Mumtaz Mahal. She was known for her generosity. She gave pension to the Begums and the children of the late emperor not only from the government's purse but also from her own funds. She, however, behaved ruthlessly with Badshah Begum and Sahiba Mahal.\nImperial officials used to sit down at her porch daily and she would hold discussions with them from behind a screen or through the medium of eunuchs. There, officials passed her petitions of the state in envelopes, and eunuchs read them aloud for the Begum to listen and deliver her approvals and judgments and she would pass orders on them without consulting anyone. At the zenith of her power, she displayed levels of magnanimity and charity unheard of in those times. Any person who could manage to get his or her case heard by her was sure to get some benefit or help. A court historian once lamented, \"Oh God! That the affairs of Hindustan should be conducted by a woman as foolish as this!\"\nShe had an affair with the eunuch Javed Khan Nawab Bahadur. He had been an assistant controller of the harem servants and manager of the Begums' estates during the late reign. Javed Khan was assassinated by Safdar Jang on 27 August 1752. She and her son grieved him deeply. It is said that she put on white robes and discarded her jewels and ornaments like a widow. \nThe mansab of commanding 50,000 horse was conferred upon her, and her birthday was celebrated with greater pomp than that of the Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur himself. Her brother, Man Khan, a vagabond haunting the lanes and occasionally following the profession of a male dancer in a supporting role for singing girls, was created a mansabdar of 6,000 with the title of Mutaqad-ud-Daulah Bahadur. At a time when the soldiers were mutinying nearly every day due to overdue payments and the Mughal court could not raise even two hundred thousand rupees forQudsia Begum (died 1765), was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was an administrator and served as de facto regent of India from 1748 to 1754.Qudsia Begum (died 1765), was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was an administrator and served as de facto regent of India from 1748 to 1754.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is Anwer Ali's paternal grandfather? | [
{
"id": 263728,
"question": "Anwer Ali >> father",
"answer": "Muhammad Shah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 705527,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Ahmad Shah Bahadur",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Ahmad Shah Bahadur | [] | true | Who is the father of the father of Anwer Ali? |
2hop__639445_567836 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hastings, Nebraska",
"paragraph_text": " country so suitable to cultivation.\":��9�� In the 1870s, railroads lured European immigrants to the new state of Nebraska with advertisements. Hastings' first settlers were English, from Liverpool, and were quickly joined by other English, Irish, Germans, Danes, and Germans from Russia.:��9��\nBetween 1872 and 1880, when the population had grown to 2,800, Hastings was a boomtown. Settlers first built sod houses, dugouts, and shanties, then houses and stores. The city was incorporated in April 1874, and in September 1878, after a five-year Great County Seat War, the county seat was transferred to Hastings from Juniata. However, a fire in 1879 destroyed 33 buildings downtown. The city was rebuilt between 1880 and 1890 in fireproof materials and in a more planned fashion, with characteristically ornateHastings is a city and county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 24,907 at the 2010 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August. Hastings is also known for Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. It was chosen because of its centralized location from North to South and East and West in the country. This made it quicker to send ammunition by train to wherever needed. ===\nHastHastings is a city and county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 24,907 at the 2010 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in 1927, and celebrates that event with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August. Hastings is also known for Fisher Fountain, and during World War II operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States. It was chosen because of its centralized location from North to South and East and West in the country. This made it quicker to send ammunition by train to wherever needed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Gerald T. Whelan",
"paragraph_text": "Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.Whelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip Hart Weaver in the general election.\nWhelan, with the endorsement of Democratic governor J. James Exon, beat longtime Nebraska politician Terry Carpenter in the Democratic primary in May 1974 for lieutenant governor, and went on to win the general election. In the 1978 election, Whelan ran for Nebraska Governor, but lost to Charles Thone.\n\n\n== Personal ==\nWhelan married Virginia Kellison (1927–2010) in 1948 and had four children together.\n\n\n== References ==Gerald T. Whelan (May 14, 1925 – January 2, 1993) was an American politician who served as the 30th lieutenant governor of Nebraska from 1975 to 1979.\nWhelan was born in Hastings, Nebraska on May 14, 1925. He graduated from University of Nebraska–Lincoln, obtained a law degree from Creighton University, and practiced law in Hastings.\nIn 1960, Whelan won the Democratic nomination to run for Nebraska's 1st congressional district, and lost to incumbent Republican Phillip",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county was Gerald T. Whelan born? | [
{
"id": 639445,
"question": "Gerald T. Whelan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Hastings",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 567836,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Adams County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Adams County | [
"Adams County, Nebraska"
] | true | What county is Gerald T. Whelan's birthplace located in? |
3hop1__140554_2053_52946 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Westinghouse Playhouse",
"paragraph_text": " then confronted with his two rude children, Buddy (Bobby Diamond) and Nancy (Jacklyn O'Donnell). The following episodes would deal with her troubles and tribulations of dealing with the kids and the housekeeper, Mrs. Harper (Doris Kemper).\nThe series was canceled after one season.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nNanette Fabray as Nan McGovern\nWendell Corey as Dan McGovern\nBobby Diamond as Buddy\nJacklyn O'Donnell as Nancy\nMimi Gibson as Barbie McGovern\nDoris Kemper as Mrs. Harper\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nWestinghouse Playhouse at IMDbWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nThe series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting marriedWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.WWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication..\n\n\n== Overview ==\nThe series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting married. Nan is then confronted with his two rude children, Buddy (Bobby Diamond) and Nancy (Jacklyn O'Donnell). The following episodes would deal with her troubles and tribulations of dealing with the kids and the housekeeper, Mrs. Harper (Doris Kemper).\nThe series was canceled after one season.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nNanette Fabray as Nan McGovern\nWendell Corey as Dan McGovern\nBobby Diamond as Buddy\nJacklyn O'Donnell as Nancy\nMimi Gibson as Barbie McGovern\nDoris Kemper as Mrs. Harper\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nWestinghouse Playhouse at IMDbWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nThe series stars Nanette Fabray, who plays Nan, a successful Broadway star who, after a short courtship, marries Dan McGovern (Wendell Corey), a widower. On their way back to his home in Hollywood Nan learns her new husband has not informed his two children that he was getting marriedWestinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show, Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.Westinghouse Playhouse is an American sitcom that aired from January to July 1961 on NBC. Starring Nanette Fabray, the series was also known as The Nanette Fabray Show and Westinghouse Playhouse Starring Nanette Fabray and Wendell Corey, and it ran under the title Yes, Yes Nanette in syndication.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nThe series stars Nanette Fabray",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.\nAll five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern NewThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale,Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)\nEach season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When will the TV show Celebrity Big Brother air on the television network that, in addition to ABC and the one airing Westinghouse Playhouse, constitutes one of the main broadcasting companies situated in New York? | [
{
"id": 140554,
"question": "What network hosts Westinghouse Playhouse?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 52946,
"question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2",
"answer": "February 7, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | February 7, 2018 | [] | true | When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which hosts Westinghouse Playhouse, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
2hop__567588_67465 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Goosebumpz",
"paragraph_text": " It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\"Go\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.osebumpz\" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as the third single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\" (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Goosebumpz\" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Goosebumpz\" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Goosebumpz\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. It was released on May 28, 2013, as a promotional single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013). The song was produced by American producer Diplo. \"Goosebumpz\" peaked at number 43 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Goosebumpz\" produced by Diplo would be released as the third single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off on May 28, 2013 along with the preorder of the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n==",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)",
"paragraph_text": "tape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011.Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songsBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the song 'Best Day Ever' released by the artist who also performed 'Goosebumpz'? | [
{
"id": 567588,
"question": "Goosebumpz >> performer",
"answer": "Mac Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 67465,
"question": "when did #1 release best day ever",
"answer": "March 11, 2011",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | March 11, 2011 | [] | true | When did the performer of Goosebumpz release best day ever? |
3hop1__749581_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999\", \"The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor\", \"The Special Panels for Serious Crimes\", and \"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation\".\nThe commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the \"historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999\" to \"inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices.\"\nOperating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that \"gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999\" and that \"pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility\", as well as stating that \"from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report.\" The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standing border and security issues between the two nations to allow for more cooperation. Notably, the report gave no recommendations of amnesty or rehabilitation. The report was endorsed by the president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, making it the first recognition of the Indonesian government's complicity in human rights violations in East Timor by Indonesia.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nIn Indonesia and Timor, the report was presented to both governments and accepted by both the Timorese and Indonesian governments. However, Timorese NGO Timor-Leste National Alliance for International Tribunal wrote an open letter in response to the commission's findings with several criticisms, including the lack of public consultation with victims and parliamentary approval of the commission, as well as noting that the commission assigned institutional responsibility rather than individual responsibility, \"which is contrary to the principles of international laws which were ratified by the state of Timor-Leste and to Article 160 of its constitution which says that there must be a justice process for crimes against humanity.\", as well as stating their belief that the CAVR was a more trustworthy and support worthy commission for the government to support.\nInternationally, the report had a mixed reception. Some, such as the War Crimes Studies Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the commission could be seen as \"widely acknowledged as credible and far-reaching.\", noting that the Indonesian government's affirmation of the results was important and that the commission made arguments that \"there was credible evidence to indicate that Timorese institutions were also responsible for illegal detentions and possibly other crimes.\"\n\n\n== See also ==\nHistory of East Timor\nCommission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\nSanta Cruz massacre\n\n\n== References ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. DuringThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sambas Regency",
"paragraph_text": "100. The principal town lies at Sambas.SSambas Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The regency is one of the original regencies in West Kalimantan. It covers 6,716.52 km, and had a population of 496,120 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 513,100. The principal town lies at Sambas.394.70 km2, and had a population ofSambas Regency is a regency in West Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. The regency is one of the original regencies in West Kalimantan. It covers 6,716.52 km, and had a population of 496,120 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency,Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the presidential position in the recent sovereign nation that participates in the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the nation that contains Sambas? | [
{
"id": 749581,
"question": "Sambas >> country",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Sambas is located? |
2hop__39420_39345 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": " in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.\nNotre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Foundations ===\nIn 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.\n\n\n=== Early history ===\nThe college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.ehaus Architecture Prize.\nThe university offers more than 50 semester and year-long study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs. Notre Dame maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Raclin Murphy Museum of Art. Most of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 33 residence halls. Notre Dame's network of alumni consist of 151,000 members.\nThe university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is noted for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.\nNotre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Foundations ===\nIn 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.\n\n\n=== Early history ===\nThe college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000 volumes by 1879.\n\nFire destroyed the Main Building and the library collection in April 1879; the school closed immediately and students were sent home. Sorin (then provincial Superior) and President Corby immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": ", and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.\nNotre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Foundations ===\nIn 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.\n\n\n=== Early history ===\nThe college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Two years later, Auguste Lemonnier started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000 volumes by 1879.\n\nFire destroyed the Main Building and the library collection in April 1879; the school closed immediately and students were sent home. Sorin (then provincial Superior) and President Corby immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure thatAs of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.TheAs of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.ehaus Architecture Prize.\nThe university offers more than 50 semester and year-long study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs. Notre Dame maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Raclin Murphy Museum of Art. Most of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 33 residence halls. Notre Dame's network of alumni consist of 151,000 members.\nThe university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is noted for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century; the team has no conference affiliation and has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, 7 Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have won 17 national championships.\nNotre Dame became more prominent in the early 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during Theodore Hesburgh's administration between 1952 and 1987. His administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century. At the end of the fiscal year 2022, its endowment was valued at $20.3 billion.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Foundations ===\nIn 1842, the bishop of Vincennes,France, Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, who had come to the area invited by Potawatomi chief Leopold Pokagon to minister to his tribe, had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly, under the name the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally all-male, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded the female-only Saint Mary's College near Notre Dame in 1844.\n\n\n=== Early history ===\nThe college awarded its first degrees in 1849. As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population. The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year did the individual serving as Notre Dame's president in 2012 commence his term? | [
{
"id": 39420,
"question": "Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?",
"answer": "John Jenkins",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 39345,
"question": "When did #1 become the president of Notre Dame?",
"answer": "2005",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 2005 | [] | true | When did the president of Notre Dame in 2012 begin his tenure? |
2hop__58691_192417 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sports league ranking",
"paragraph_text": " win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.\nAs an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:\n\nTeam GP W L T OL GF GA Pts\nx-Boston 79 40 18 14 7 201 179 101\nx-Toronto 80 43 24 10 3 234 204 99\nx-Ottawa 79 41 22 10 6 254 178 98\nx-Montreal 79 40 28 7 4 201 182 91\nBuffalo 79 36 32 7 4 213 210 83\n\nx - clinched a playoff spot\ny - clinched the division championship\n\nIn the above table, an \"'X\" placed before a team's name shows that the team has qualified for playoff position; other letters may be used to show that a team is guaranteed first place, has been eliminated from contention and so forth. From this table, we can see that Boston, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal are all guaranteed playoff positions; the absence of a \" y\" shows that the division championship is still to play for. Meanwhile, because Buffalo has no symbol at all, they are not out of playoff contention, but have yet to clinch a playoff position. The following day, a new league table would appear in newspapers, updated based on the previous night's games. Of course, the above table would also be accompanied by those of the other divisions in the league.\n\n\n== Instances ==\nApplications include:\n\nIn association football (soccer), national teams are ranked in the FIFA World Rankings, the Women's World Rankings and, unofficially, in the World Football Elo Ratings.\nIn the Olympic Games, each member country (NOC) is ranked based upon gold, silver and bronze medal counts in the Olympic medal rankings.\nIn basketball, national teams are ranked in the FIBA World Rankings and the Women's World Rankings.\nIn baseball and softball, national teams are ranked in the WBSC World Rankings.\nIn ice hockey, national teams are ranked in the IIHF World Ranking.\nIn golf, the top male golfers are ranked using the Official World Golf Rankings, and the top female golfers are ranked using the Women's World Golf Rankings.\nIn snooker, players are ranked using the Snooker world rankings.\nIn tennis, male and female players are ranked using the ATP rankings and WTA rankings respectively, whilst the ITF rankings are used for national Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams.\nIn road bicycle racing, male cyclists have been ranked using the UCI World Ranking from 2016, having previously been ranked using the UCI Road World Rankings from 1984 to 2004. Female cyclists have been ranked using the UCI Women's Road World Rankings since 1994.\nIn track cycling riders and nations are ranked using the UCI Track Cycling World Ranking\nIn chess, players are ranked using the FIDE world rankings.\nIn sailing, boats are scored directly using the sum of the ranking.\nIn bridge, matchpoint scoring uses fractional ranking to assign the score.\n\n\n== See also ==\nGames behind – in some sports, a common way to reflect the gap between teams\nGroup tournament ranking system\nMagic number – in some sports, the number of wins needed to clinch a championship\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSchool league tables for the CISCE examining board in India\n\n\n== External links ==\nAustralian Football League ladder\nCanadian Football League standings\nNational Basketball Association standings\nNational Hockey League standings\nNational Football League standings\nMajor League Baseball standings\nMajor League Soccer standings\nPremier League tablesIn sports, standings, rankings, or league tables group teams of a particular league, conference, or division in a chart based on how well each is doing in a particular season of a sports league or competition. These lists are generally published in newspapers and other media, as well as the official web sites of the sports leagues and competitions.\n\n\n== Formulation ==\nThe standings shows where each team ranks in their conference or division. Teams may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws). Many league tables show further statistics and may display:\n\nwins\nlosses\nties (draws)\ngoal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)\ngoals scored\ngoals allowed (conceded)\nhome/away win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.\nAs an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:\n\nTeam GP W L T OL GF GA Pts\nx-Boston 79 40 18 14 7 201 179 101\nx-Toronto 80 43 24 10 3 234 204 99\nx-Ottawa 79 41 22 10 6 254 178 98\nx-Montreal 79 40 28 7 4 201 182 91\nBuffalo 79 36 32 7 4 213 210 83\n\nx - clinched a playoff spot\ny - clinched the division championship\n\nIn the above table, an \"'X\" placed before a team's name shows that the team has qualified for playoff position; other letters may be used to show that a team is guaranteed first place, has been eliminated from contention and so forthIn a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss.InIn a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss. may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws). Many league tables show further statistics and may display:\n\nwins\nlosses\nties (draws)\ngoal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)\ngoals scored\ngoals allowed (conceded)\nhome/away win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.\nAs an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Thursday Night Football",
"paragraph_text": " the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.\nIn 2014, the NFL shifted the packageThursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).Thursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).these games were branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).\nDebuting on November 23, 2006, the telecasts were originally part of NFL Network's Run to the Playoffs package, which consisted of eight total games broadcast on Thursday and Saturday nights (five on Thursdays, and three on Saturdays, originally branded as Saturday Night Football) during the latter portion of the season. Since 2012, the TNF package has begun during the second week of the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.\nIn 2014, the NFL shifted the packageThursday Night Football (or simply TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8: 25 p.m. Eastern Time, but games in the package also air occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as a single Sunday morning game from London in the NFL International Series (these games have been branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).Thursday Night Football (often abbreviated as TNF) is the branding used for broadcasts of National Football League (NFL) games that broadcast primarily on Thursday nights. Most of the games kick off at 8:15 Eastern Time (8:20 prior to 2022 and 8:25 prior to 2018).\nIn the past, games in the package also aired occasionally on Saturdays in the later portion of the season, as well as select games from the NFL International Series (these games were branded since 2017 as NFL Network Special).\nDebuting on November 23, 2006, the telecasts were originally part of NFL Network's Run to the Playoffs package, which consisted of eight total games broadcast on Thursday and Saturday nights (five on Thursdays, and three on Saturdays, originally branded as Saturday Night Football) during the latter portion of the season. Since 2012, the TNF package has begun during the second week of the NFL season; the NFL Kickoff Game and the NFL on Thanksgiving are both broadcast as part of NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football contract and are not included in Thursday Night Football, although the Thanksgiving primetime game was previously part of the package from 2006 until 2011.\nIn 2014, the NFL shifted the package to a new model to increase its prominence. The entire TNF package would be produced by a separate rightsholder, who would hold rights to simulcast a portion of the package on their respective network. CBS was the first rightsholder under this model, airing nine games on broadcast television, and producing the remainder of the package to air exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy its carriage agreements. The package was also extended to Week 16 of the season, and included a new Saturday doubleheader split between CBS and NFL Network. On January 18, 2015, CBS and NFL Network extended the same arrangement for a second season. In 2016 and 2017, the NFL continued with a similar arrangement, but adding NBC as a second rightsholder alongside CBS, with each network airing five games on broadcast television each. In 2018, the rights shifted to Fox, through the 2022 season.\nIn 2016, the NFL also began to sub-license digital streaming rights to the broadcast television portion of the package to third-parties, beginning with Twitter in 2016, and Amazon in 2017—initially on Prime Video, and later being carried freely on Amazon-owned live streaming platform Twitch.\nIn 2021, it was announced that Amazon had acquired the exclusive rights to Thursday Night Football beginning in the 2023 season under the NFL's new broadcasting deals, marking the first time that the NFL had sold one of its main television packages to a digital media company. NFL Network and Fox ceded the final season of the existing contract to Amazon, resulting in its coverage launching in ",
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}
] | What category does the league participating in the Thursday night football match belong to? | [
{
"id": 58691,
"question": "who plays in the thursday night football game",
"answer": "National Football League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 192417,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "sports league",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | sports league | [
"Sports league",
"league"
] | true | The league playing in the Thursday night football game is a type of what? |
2hop__10620_49084 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellarius (d. 1707). The adjective \"medieval\", pertaining to the Middle Ages, derives from medium aevum (\"middle age\"), a Neo-Latin term first recorded in 1604. It is also spelt \"mediaeval\" or \"mediæval\".\nIt customarily spans the period between c.��500 and 1500, but its start and end years are arbitrary. A common starting point, first used by Bruni, is 476: the year the last Western Roman Emperor was deposed. As an alternative, the conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (r.��306–337) to Christianity is cited. There is no universally-agreed-upon end date; the most frequently-used dates include 1453 (the fall of Constantinople), 1492 (Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas), and 1517 (the beginning of the Protestant Reformation).\nEurope, according to historian Miri Rubin, \"did not live to a single rhythm over this period\". ChristianisationJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. It is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the economic predominance of agriculture, exploitation of the peasantry, slow inter-regional communication, the importance of personal relationships in power structures, and the weakness of state administration. The period is sometimes subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages.\nPopulation decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants,Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or \"songs of great deeds\", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending",
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},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Liam Garrigan",
"paragraph_text": ". After attending Endsleigh Primary School and St Mary's, Garrigan studied at Wyke Sixth Form College, where he focused on theatre studies, history and English literature, while continuing acting classes at Northern Theatre, as well as giving performances at the National Theatre and the Edinburgh Festival. During his time at Wyke, he began working on audition pieces for drama school,Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight.6), the film Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), and as Thomas Jopson on AMC's The Terror (2018). He also provides the voice for Captain Kurt in the role-playing game GreedFall.\n\n\n== Career ==\nGarrigan was sent to musical theatre classes by his mother at an early age. He was five years old when he played a munchkin in Northern Theatre's production of The Wizard of Oz, and he later began, at age seven, to have one-on-one acting lessons with Northern Theatre's founder Richard Green. After attending Endsleigh Primary School and St Mary's, Garrigan studied at Wyke Sixth Form College, where he focused on theatre studies, history and English literature, while continuing acting classes at Northern Theatre, as well as giving performances at the National Theatre and the Edinburgh Festival. During his time at Wyke, he began working on audition pieces for drama school, with his eventual admission into the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he trained to be a professional actor.\nHe has appeared in BBC TV dramas Holby City, Doctors, The Chase and ITV1's Agatha Christie's Marple. He also portrayed Alfred in the Starz TV miniseries The Pillars of the Earth. He appeared in Ultimate Force as Corporal Edward Dwyer during the third series. He also starred in the 2008 and 2010 seasons of Irish drama series, RTÉ's Raw. In January 2011, Garrigan starred in the second series of BBC One's wartime drama serial Land Girls. From 2012 to ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the television series Once Upon a Time, who portrays the mythical character from Historia Regum Britanniae? | [
{
"id": 10620,
"question": "What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?",
"answer": "Arthur",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 49084,
"question": "who plays #1 in once upon a time",
"answer": "Liam Thomas Garrigan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Liam Thomas Garrigan | [
"Liam Garrigan"
] | true | Who plays the legendary figure featured in Historia Regum Britanniae in the show Once Upon a Time? |
2hop__233551_746883 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Clito",
"paragraph_text": "\"See also : William Clito (1102-1128), the son of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, by his marriage with Sibylla of Conversano and count of Flanders.\"\"See also : William Clito (1102-1128), the son of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, by his marriage with Sibylla of Conversano and count of Flanders.\"Coity is a village in Bridgend County Borough, south Wales, part of Bridgend town urban area. Coity is part of the community of Coity Higher and is notable for being home to Coity Castle, one of the best-preserved castles in Glamorgan. Other buildings of note in the village include St Mary, a 14th-century church, and Ty Mawr, a fine 16th-century house.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe oldest monument in Coity is a burial chamber near Coed Parc Garw woodland",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Rebellion of 1088",
"paragraph_text": " William's death.\nThe division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as theyThe Rebellion of 1088 occurred after the death of William the Conqueror and concerned the division of lands in the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy between his two sons William Rufus and Robert Curthose. Hostilities lasted from 3 to 6 months starting around Easter of 1088.TheThe Rebellion of 1088 occurred after the death of William the Conqueror and concerned the division of lands in the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy between his two sons William Rufus and Robert Curthose. Hostilities lasted from 3 to 6 months starting around Easter of 1088. ==\nWilliam on his deathbed in 1087 decided how his sons would inherit the lands of his native Normandy and recently conquered England. His eldest son Robert was made Duke of Normandy and his third eldest son (second eldest surviving son) William Rufus was made King of England. This came to pass on William's death.\nThe division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as theyThe Rebellion of 1088 occurred after the death of William the Conqueror and concerned the division of lands in the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy between his two sons William Rufus and Robert Curthose. Hostilities lasted from 3 to 6 months starting around Easter of 1088.The Rebellion of 1088 occurred after the death of William the Conqueror and concerned the division of lands in the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy between his two sons William Rufus and Robert Curthose. Hostilities lasted from three to six months starting around Easter of 1088.\n\n\n== Background ==\nWilliam on his deathbed in 1087 decided how his sons would inherit the lands of his native Normandy and recently conquered England. His eldest son Robert was made Duke of Normandy and his third eldest son (second eldest surviving son) William Rufus was made King of England. This came to pass on William's death.\nThe division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. The pursuit of this aim led them to revolt against William in favour of Robert, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror.\nThe rebels, led by William the Conqueror's half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain, with Odo the stronger of the two and the leader, decided to band together to dispose of young King William II and reunite Normandy and England under a single ruler, Robert.\nAmong King William's initial supporters were all the bishops of England, a few major magnates including Alan Rufus (in the east of England north of London up to Yorkshire), William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (from Sussex to Yorkshire) and Hugh of Avranches (in the west, around Cheshire, and in Lincolnshire), and lesser tenants-in-chief such as Robert Fitzhamon and Walter D'Aincourt. However, the rebels' ranks were made up many of the most powerful barons in England: of the ten largest baronial landholders in the Domesday Book, six were counted amongst the rebels. They were spread far and wide geographically from Kent, controlled by Bishop Odo, to Northumberland, controlled by Robert de Mowbray, to Gloucestershire and Somerset under Geoffrey de Montbray (Bishop of Coutances), to Norfolk with Roger Bigod, through Shropshire and Sussex and other counties with Roger of Montgomery, and a vast swathe of territory in the south-west, centre and south of England under Count Robert. In support of the rebels were Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and \"Hugh de Grantmesnil, who had the government of Leicestershire, with Robert de Rhuddlan his nephew, and other knights of distinguished bravery\".\n\n\n== The rebellion ==\n\nWith the coming of summer in 1088, the barons set out on a campaign to lay waste the lands of William II and his supporters. They fortified their own castles and stocked them with provisions, and waited for a response from the king. If for some reason no response came, they knew they could easily live by plundering neighbouring territories, and thus reduce the kingdom to feudal anarchy, a situation the king would eventually have to address.\nThe king's response was threefold. First, he divided his enemies by promising those who sided with him that they would receive as much money and land as they wanted. Second, he appealed to the English people as a whole, promising them \"the best law that had ever been in this land\". This had a positive effect in allowing regional garrisons the support they needed to fight the rebels. Finally, he attacked the rebels personally. In a six-week siege of Pevensey Castle in Sussex he captured the rebel leader Odo.\nIn a stroke of luck for the king, the troops Robert was sending from Normandy were driven back by bad weather on the seas. Meanwhile, the king, together with some of his allies took Rochester Castle in Kent, and with Robert's failure to arrive, the rebels were forced to surrender and the rebellion was over.\nThose of William's barons who had remained loyal urged leniency for the rebel barons, Orderic Vitalis says, addressing the king:\n\nIf you temper your animosity against these great men, and treat them graciously here, or permit them to depart in safety, you may advantageously use their amity and service, on many future occasions. He who is your enemy now, may be your useful friend another time.\nOdo, previously the richest man in England, was stripped of his belongings and banished to Normandy for life, while his nephew Robert Curthose was allowed to stay in England and keep his estates in Normandy, on the proviso that he recognise William II as king and set aside his claim to the throne. Roger of Montgomery had left the rebels and joined with the king after promises of land and money. The king pragmatically kept those aristocrats whom he needed and removed those who were a threat.\nWilliam de St-Cal",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Whom does the father of William Clito support? | [
{
"id": 233551,
"question": "William Clito >> father",
"answer": "Robert Curthose",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 746883,
"question": "#1 >> follows",
"answer": "William the Conqueror",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | William the Conqueror | [
"William I"
] | true | Who does William Clito's father follow? |
2hop__170341_43945 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Rights of Man",
"paragraph_text": " articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in \"Reflections on the Revolution in France\" (1790).Rights of Man (1791), a book by Thomas Paine, including 31 articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in \"Reflections on the Revolution in France\" (1790). published in two parts in March 1791 and February 1792.\n\n\n== Background ==\nPaine was a very strong supporter of the French Revolution that began in 1789; he visited France the following year. Many British thinkers supported it, including Richard Price,Rights of Man (1791), a book by Thomas Paine, including 31 articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in \"Reflections on the Revolution in France\" (1790).Rights of Man (1791), a book by Thomas Paine, including 31 articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790).\nIt was published in two parts in March 1791 and February 1792.\n\n\n== Background ==\nPaine was a very strong supporter of the French Revolution that began in 1789; he visited France the following year. Many British thinkers supported it, including Richard Price, who initiated the Revolution Controversy with his sermon and pamphlet drawing favourable parallels between the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the French Revolution. Conservative intellectual Edmund Burke responded with a counter-revolutionary attack entitled Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), which strongly appealed to the landed class and sold 30,000 copies. Paine's Rights of Man was printed by Joseph Johnson for publication on 21 February 1791, then withdrawn for fear of prosecution. J. S. Jordan stepped in and published it on 16 March. The 90,000-word book appeared on 13 March, three weeks later than scheduled. It sold as many as one million copies and was \"eagerly read by reformers, Protestant dissenters",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Thomas Paine",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Why was the significance of Common Sense, penned by the same author who wrote Rights of Man? | [
{
"id": 170341,
"question": "Rights of Man >> author",
"answer": "Thomas Paine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 43945,
"question": "common sense which was written by #1 was an important work because it",
"answer": "crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain | [
"Great Britain"
] | true | Why was Common Sense, by the same author as Rights of Man, an important work? |
4hop2__71753_623626_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation,The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������iIsrael (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kharg Island",
"paragraph_text": "Kharg Island () is a continental island in the Persian Gulf belonging to Iran. The island is located off the coast of Iran and northwest of the Strait of Hormuz. Administered by the adjacent coastal Bushehr Province, Kharg Island provides a sea port for the export of oil and extends Iranian territorial sea claims into the Persian Gulf oil fields. Located on Kharg Island is Kharg, the only city in the Kharg District. Island provides a sea port for the export of oil and extends Iranian territorial sea claims into the Persian Gulf oil fields. Located on Khark Island is Khark, the only city in the Khark District.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nMentioned in the Hud",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013,The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. The capital and largest city is Riyadh; other major cities include Jeddah and the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. With a population of almost 32.2 million, Saudi Arabia is the fourth most populous country in the Arab world.\nPre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, has some of the earliest traces of human activity outside Africa. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.\nThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by King Abdulaz",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area positioned north of Israel and the water body housing Kharg Island formed? | [
{
"id": 71753,
"question": "what region of the world is israel located",
"answer": "Middle East,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 623626,
"question": "Kharg Island >> located in or next to body of water",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of where israel is located and the body of water where Kharg Island is located established? |
2hop__133116_533882 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Martin Marietta",
"paragraph_text": ". Air Force contract to build the country's second intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). American-Marietta was headquartered in Chicago and produced paints, dyes, metallurgical products, construction materials, and other goods.\nIn 1982, Martin Marietta was subject to a hostile takeover bid by the Bendix Corporation, headed by William Agee. Bendix bought the majority of Martin Marietta shares and in effect owned the company. However, Martin Marietta's management used the short time separating ownership and control to sell non-core businesses and launch its own hostile takeover of Bendix (known as the Pac-Man defense). Thomas G. Pownall, CEO of Martin Marietta, was successful and the end of this extraordinarily bitter battle saw Martin Marietta survive; Bendix was bought by Allied Corporation.\n\n\n=== Timeline ===\n\n1961: Martin Marietta formed by merger of the Glenn L. Martin Company and American-Marietta Corporation\n1963: Martin Marietta starts building floating nuclear power plant MH-1A as part of the Army Nuclear Power Program\n1969: Martin Marietta commissioned to build the Mark IV monorail used on the Walt Disney World Monorail System between 1971 and 1989\n1971: Martin Marietta loses landmark sex discrimination suit before the Supreme Court, in Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp.\n1975: Acquires Hoskyns Group (UK IT services company)\n1982: Bendix Corporation's attempted takeover ends in its own sale to Allied Corporation; Martin Marietta survives\n1986: Wins contract to convert Titan II ICBMs into space launch vehicles. The Martin Company built the original ICBMs\n1987: Electronics & Missiles Group formed, headquartered in Orlando\n1991: Electronics & Missiles Group reorganized into the Electronics, InformationThe Martin Marietta Corporation was an American company founded in 1961 through the merger of Glenn L. Martin Company and American Marietta Corporation. The combined company became a leader in chemicals, aerospace, and electronics. In 1995, it merged with Lockheed Corporation to form Lockheed Martin. the merger of the Glenn L. Martin Company and American-Marietta Corporation.:��356��\nMartin, based in Baltimore, was primarily an aerospace concern with a recent focus on missiles, namely its Titan program. This program was established in 1955 when the company secured the U.S. Air Force contract to build the country's second intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). American-Marietta was headquartered in Chicago and produced paints, dyes, metallurgical products, construction materials, and other goods.\nIn 1982, Martin Marietta was subject to a hostile takeover bid by the Bendix Corporation, headed by William Agee. Bendix bought the majority of Martin Marietta shares and in effect owned the company. However, Martin Marietta's management used the short time separating ownership and control to sell non-core businesses and launch its own hostile takeover of Bendix (known as the Pac-Man defense). Thomas G. Pownall, CEO of Martin Marietta, was successful and the end of this extraordinarily bitter battle saw Martin Marietta survive; Bendix was bought by Allied Corporation.\n\n\n=== Timeline ===\n\n1961: Martin Marietta formed by merger of the Glenn L. Martin Company and American-Marietta Corporation\n1963: Martin Marietta starts building floating nuclear power plant MH-1A as part of the Army Nuclear Power Program\n1969: Martin Marietta commissioned to build the Mark IV monorail used on the Walt Disney World Monorail System between 1971 and 1989\n1971: Martin Marietta loses landmark sex discrimination suit before the Supreme Court, in Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp.\n1975: Acquires Hoskyns Group (UK",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Martin BM",
"paragraph_text": " Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was aThe Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built byThe Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was aThe Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy.The Martin BM was a 1930s American torpedo bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which corporation emerged from the 1961 fusion that included the constructor of the Martin BM? | [
{
"id": 133116,
"question": "What company makes Martin BM?",
"answer": "Glenn L. Martin Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 533882,
"question": "#1 >> followed by",
"answer": "Martin Marietta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Martin Marietta | [] | true | What company resulted from a merger in 1961 involving the builder of the Martin BM? |
2hop__130668_126089 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Graft-De Rijp",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nThe municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, Noordeinde, Oost-Graftdijk, Starnmeer, West-Graftdijk.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Graft-De Rijp consisted of 13 seats, which at the final election, in 2010, were divided as follows:\n\nPvdA - 5 seats\nVVD - 3 seats\nCDA - 3 seats\nHet Verschil - 2 seats\nAn election was held in November 2014 for a council for the new merged Alkmaar municipality that commenced work on 1 January 2015, replacing Graft-De Rijp council.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Graft-De Rijp at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of former municipality (2014)Graft-De Rijp (Dutch pronunciation: [����r��vdə��r��ip] ) is a former municipality in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. Since January 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.\nIt is twinned with Chalfont St Giles in England.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, Noordeinde, Oost-Graftdijk, Starnmeer, West-Graftdijk.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Graft-De Rijp consisted of 13 seats, which at the final election, in 2010, were divided as follows:\n\nPvdA - 5 seats\nVVD - 3 seats\nCDA - 3 seats\nHet Verschil - 2 seats\nAn election was held in November 2014 for a council for the new merged Alkmaar municipality that commenced work on 1 January 2015, replacing Graft-De Rijp council.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Graft-De Rijp at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of former municipality (2014)Graft-De Rijp (Dutch pronunciation: [����r��vdə��r��ip] ) is a former municipality in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. Since January 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.\nIt is twinned with Chalfont St Giles in England.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, NoordeGraft-De Rijp () is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.Graft-De Rijp (Dutch pronunciation: [Graft-De Rijp () is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar. North Holland in the Netherlands. Since January 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.\nIt is twinned with Chalfont St Giles in England.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, Noordeinde, Oost-Graftdijk, Starnmeer, West-Graftdijk.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Graft-De Rijp consisted of 13 seats, which at the final election, in 2010, were divided as follows:\n\nPvdA - 5 seats\nVVD - 3 seats\nCDA - 3 seats\nHet Verschil - 2 seats\nAn election was held in November 2014 for a council for the new merged Alkmaar municipality that commenced work on 1 January 2015, replacing Graft-De Rijp council.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Graft-De Rijp at Wikimedia Commons\nOfficial website of former municipality (2014)Graft-De Rijp (Dutch pronunciation: [����r��vdə��r��ip] ) is a former municipality in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. Since January 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.\nIt is twinned with Chalfont St Giles in England.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, Noordeinde, Oost-Graftdijk, Starnmeer, West-Graftdijk.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Graft-De Rijp consisted of 13 seats, which at",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "North Holland",
"paragraph_text": "orth Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [��no��rt ������l��nt] ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km2 (552 sq mi) is water.\nFrom the 9th to the 16th century, the area was an integral part of the County of Holland. During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier (English: \"Northern Quarter\"). In 1840, the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland. In 1855, the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land.\nThe provincial capital is Haarlem (pop. 161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam, with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Arthur van Dijk, who has been serving since 2019. There are 45 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. The busiest airport in the Netherlands and Europe's third-busiest airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, is in North Holland.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Emergence of a new province (1795 to 1840) ===\nThe province of North Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who held authority over the region where Graft-De Rijp is situated? | [
{
"id": 130668,
"question": "What state is Graft-De Rijp located?",
"answer": "North Holland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 126089,
"question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?",
"answer": "Johan Remkes",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Johan Remkes | [] | true | Who was in charge of the state where Graft-De Rijp is located? |
2hop__36747_18974 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": " \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.TheThe Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen. power and strength. Generally, a five-clawed dragon was used by emperors only. \nIn Chinese culture, a flaming pearl is shown on top of the dragon's head. The pearl is associated with wealth, good luck, and prosperity.\nThe design of the flag was largely based on the Plain Yellow Banner, one of three \"upper\" banner armies among the Eight Banners under the direct command of the Emperor of China himself, and one of the four \"right wing\" banners.\n\nThe Eight Banners\nThe Eight Banners were administrative/military divisions under the Qing dynasty into which all Manchu households were placed. In war, the Eight BThe Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.The flag of the Qing dynasty was an emblem adopted in the late 19th century (1889) featuring the Azure Dragon on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the \"Yellow Dragon Flag\" (traditional Chinese: ������; simplified Chinese: ������; pinyin: huánglóngqí).\nRuling China from 1644 until the overthrow of the monarchy during the Xinhai Revolution, the Qing dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history. Between 1862 and 1912, the dynasty represented itself with the dragon flag.\n\n\n== Designs ==\nSince the Ming dynasty, yellow was considered the royal color of successive Chinese emperors. Members of the imperial family of China at that time were the only ones allowed to display the color yellow in buildings and on garments. The Emperor of China usually used a Chinese dragon as a symbol of the imperial power and strength. Generally, a five-clawed dragon was used by emperors only. \nIn Chinese culture, a flaming pearl is shown on top of the dragon's head. The pearl is associated with wealth, good luck, and prosperity.\nThe design of the flag was largely based on the Plain Yellow Banner, one of three \"upper\" banner armies among the Eight Banners under the direct command of the Emperor of China himself, and one of the four \"right wing\" banners.\n\nThe Eight Banners\nThe Eight Banners were administrative/military divisions under the Qing dynasty into which all Manchu households were placed. In war, the Eight Banners functioned as armies, but the banner system was also the basic organizational framework of all of Manchu society.\n\n\n== Triangular version (1862–1889) ==\n\nThe Arrow Incident of 1856 occurred as a result of Chinese civilian vessels flying foreign flags as the Qing dynasty had no official flag at the time. In 1862, sailors from the Chinese and British navies clashed at Wuhan on the Yangtze River. In response to protests from the British government that their ships were unable to properly distinguish between Chinese navy ships and civilian vessels, Yixin (Prince Gong) urged Zeng Guofan to create a governmental flag for the Qing, and suggested use of a yellow dragon flag, which was also used as one of the Eight Banners of the Manchu as well as in the Chinese army. After due consideration, Zeng Guofan concluded that a square flag bore too close a resemblance to the Plain Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners with the potential to be viewed as an endorsement of the Eight Banners hierarchy, he instead removed one corner to create a triangular flag.\nThe triangular version of the yellow dragon flag was restricted to naval and governmental use only, no civilian ships were permitted to fly the yellow pennant, and it never formally became the national flag. However, on some diplomatic occasions and at international exhibitions, this flag was used to represent China.\n\n\n== Rectangular version (1889–1912) ==\n\nIn September 1881, when the two cruisers Chaoyong and Yangwei ordered from Birkenhead, England were sent to China, Li Hongzhang realized a triangular ensign was unique among naval flags of other countries. As a result, he petitioned the imperial court for permission and subsequently altered the triangular naval flag into a rectangular one.\nSeeing Western countries flying national flags on official occasions, Li Hongzhang also asked Empress Dowager Cixi to select a national flag for the Qing dynasty. Among the proposals for use of the Ba gua flag, the Yellow dragon flag and the Qilin flag, Cixi selected the Yellow dragon design. In 1888, the imperial court promulgated the naval flag as the Qing national flag.\n\n\n== Influence ==\n\nThe notion of yellow as representative of Manchu ethnicity was used in the flags of the Five Races Under One Union flag of the Republic of China, and on the flag of the Empire of China, respectively, although in 1912 the former was challenged by Sun Yat-sen, who thought it inappropriate to use the traditional imperial color to represent Manchu ethnicity. Also, mustard yellow was used in the flag of Manchukuo in deference to the Qing dynasty, on whose flag it was based.\nThe blue dragon was featured in the Twelve Symbols national emblem, which was the state emblem of China from 1913 to 1928.\n\n\n== Naval flags of Qing dynasty ==\nHoratio Nelson Lay's Proposal (1862)\nWhen the Qing dynasty purchased warships from the United Kingdom in 1862, Horatio Nelson Lay designed several naval flags based on the custom flag he designed. These proposals were not recognized by the Qing dynasty government.\n\nBeiyang Fleet (1874–1890)\nThe Beiyang Fleet was created in 1874, and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": "-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and the English press, Hokkien is used in common parlance to refer to the Southern Min dialects of southern Fujian, and does not include reference to dialects of other Sinitic branches also present in Fujian such as the Fuzhou language (Eastern Min), Pu-Xian Min, Northern Min, Gan Chinese or Hakka.\nThe term Hokkien was first used by Walter Henry Medhurst in his 1832 Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms, considered to be the earliest English-based Hokkien dictionary and the first major reference work in POJ, though its romanization system differs significantly from modern POJ. In this dictionary, the word Hok-këèn was used. In 1869, POJ was further revised by John Macgowan in his published book A Manual Of The Amoy Colloquial. In this book, këèn was changed to kien as Hok-kien; from then on, \"Hokkien\" is used more often.\nHistorically, Hokkien was also known as \"Amoy\", after the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation of Xiamen (��e-mûi), the principal port in southern Fujian during the Qing dynasty, as one of the five ports opened to foreign trade by the Treaty of Nanking. In 1873, Carstairs Douglas published the Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects, where the language was referred to as the \"Language of Amoy\" or as the \"Amoy Vernacular\" and by 1883, John Macgowan would publish another dictionary, the English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect. Due to possible conflation between the language as a whole with its Xiamen dialect, many proscribe referring to the former as \"Amoy\", a usage that is more commonly found in older media and some conservative institutions.\nIn the classification used by the Language Atlas of China, the Quanzhang branch of Southern Min consists of the Min varieties originating from Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen and the eastern counties of Longyan (Xinluo and Zhangping).\n\n\n== Geographic distribution ==\n\nHokkien is spoken in the southern seaward quarter of Fujian, southeastern Zhejiang, as well as the eastern part of Namoa in China; Taiwan; Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, Metro Davao and other cities in the Philippines; Singapore; Brunei; Medan, Riau and other cities in Indonesia; and from Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Klang in Malaysia.\nHokkien originated in the southern area of Fujian province, an important center for trade and migration, and has since become one of the most common Chinese varieties overseas. The major pole of Hokkien varieties outside of Fujian is nearby Taiwan, where immigrants from Fujian arrived as workers during the 40 years of Dutch rule, fleeing the Qing dynasty during the 20 years of Ming loyalist rule, as immigrants during the 200 years of rule by the Qing dynasty, especially in the last 120 years after immigration restrictions were relaxed, and even as immigrants during the period of Japanese rule. The Taiwanese dialect mostly has origins with the Tung'an, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou variants, but since then, the Amoy dialect, also known as the Xiamen dialect, has become the modern prestige representative for the language in China. Both Amoy and Xiamen come from the Chinese name of the city (��门; Xiàmén; ��-mûi); the former is from Zhangzhou Hokkien, whereas the latter comes from Mandarin.\nThere are many Min Nan speakers among overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, as well as in the United States (Hoklo Americans). Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements). Most of the Min Nan dialects of this region have incorporated some foreign loanwords. Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 80% of the ethnic Chinese people in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lán-nâng-uē (\"Our people's speech\"). Hokkien speakers form the largest group of overseas Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSouthern Fujian is home to four principal Hokkien dialects: Chiangchew, Chinchew, Tung'an, and Amoy, originating from the cities of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, historical Tung'an County (同安���, now Xiamen and Kinmen) and the Port of Amoy, respectively.\nIn the late 1800s, the Amoy dialect attracted special attention, because Amoy was one of theIn 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect. Southeast Asia, Hokkien historically served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of all dialects and subgroups, and it remains today as the most spoken variety of Chinese in the region, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei. This applied to a lesser extent to mainland Southeast Asia. As a result of the significant influence and historical presence of its sizable overseas diaspora, certain considerable to ample amounts of Hokkien loanwords are also historically present in the languages it has had historical contact with in its sprachraum, such as Thai. Hokkien Kelantan in northern Malaya of Malaysia and Hokaglish spoken sporadically across the Philippines, especially Metro Manila are also mixed languages with Hokkien as the base lexifier.\n\n\n== Names ==\nHokkien speakers in different regions refer to the language as:\n\nBân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and the English press, Hokkien is used in common parlance to refer to the Southern Min dialects of southern Fujian, and does not include reference to dialects of other Sinitic branches also present in Fujian such as the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who commanded the military campaign at the location of the conflict between Ming loyalists and the Manchus? | [
{
"id": 36747,
"question": "Where did the fight between Ming loyalists and Manchus occur?",
"answer": "Fujian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 18974,
"question": "Who led the military expedition in #1 ?",
"answer": "Chen Zheng",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Chen Zheng | [] | true | Who led the military expedition in the place where the fight between Ming loyalists and Manchus occurred? |
2hop__156044_57816 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Florida International University College of Law",
"paragraph_text": " for the last nine years (2015–2024).\n\n\n== History ==\n\nFlorida International University worked towards the creation of a public law school in South Florida for many years, beginning with the 1986 appointment of Modesto A. Maidique as University president. Maidique met resistance from the Florida Board of Regents, which had a number of graduates of other Florida law schools, and opposed the opening of any new public law schools in the state. The establishment of this institution was finally realized in 2000, when Governor Jeb Bush pushed the project through the state legislature, along with the re-establishment of a law school at Florida A&M University.\nShortly thereafter, the College of Law hired Leonard Strickman as its inaugural Dean. Strickman, a Yale Law School graduate, had previously served as Dean of the Northern Illinois University College of Law and the University of Arkansas School of Law, and had been a member of the ABA Accreditation Committee during the 1990s, and had chaired 15 ABA accreditation site visits.\nThe College of Law is one of the university's 26 schools and colleges and was founded in 2000. It officially opened its doors in August 2002, received provisional accreditation from the American Bar Association in August 2004, and was granted full accreditation on December 1, 2006. The inaugural class graduated on May 22, 2005.\nOn February 10, 2007, the new law school building, the Rafael Diaz-Balart Hall, was dedicated.\nIn May 2009, the institution announced that United States Attorney Alexander Acosta had been selected to replace Strickman as Dean, with the latter's retirement from the position. Acosta left in 2017 to become United States Secretary of Labor.\n\n\n== Rankings and reputation ==\nThe 2024 U.S. News & World Report's \"Best Law School Rankings\" ranked the FIU College of Law 60th (tied) out of 196 in the United States.\nThe magazine also ranked FIU at 24 in the U.S. for its part-time law programs.\n\n\n== Employment ==\nAccording to FIU's official 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 74.7% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment ten months after graduation. FIU's Law School Transparency under-employment score was 14.01%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2018 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job ten months after graduation.\n\n\n== Exam passage ==\nIn terms of percentage of students who pass on the first attempt, FIU Law has ranked in the top three among Florida law schools for every administration of the Florida Bar Exam since July 2015 (ranking first 13 out of 19 times).\n\n\n== Admissions and tuition ==\n\nThe College of Law only admits students during the fall to its full-time day program or its part-time evening program. Admissions is done on a rolling basis.\nFor Fall 2016, 1,901 students applied for admissions into the FIU College of Law, 545 were accepted, and 130 enrolled for the day program and 16 for the evening program. The Fall 2016 entering class had a median LSAT score of 156 (out of a possible 180 points) and a 3.64 GPA (on a 4.0 scale). 62.9% of students were ethnic minorities, and 52% were women. The average age is 25 for the day program and 28 for the evening program.\nAnnual tuition for in-state students in the day program is $21,407 and $14,501 for those in the evening program. Annual tuition for out-of-state students in the day program is $35The 2017 U.S. News & World Report's ``Best Law School Rankings ''ranked the FIU College of Law at 100 in the United States. This represents an increase of more than 51 spots since 2009.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bruce Nissen",
"paragraph_text": "Bruce Nissen (born January 20, 1948) is a professor of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP).Bruce Nissen (born January 20, 1948) is a professor of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP).Bruce Nissen (born January 20, 1948) is a professor emeritus of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP).\n\n\n== Childhood and education ==\nNissen was born in Ames, Iowa, 1948 to Raymond and Irene Nissen.\nHe obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy and psychology from Grinnell College in 1970, a master's degree in labor studies from Rutgers University and a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1975.\nHe married Karen Lieberman in 1978. They have two sons.\n\n\n== Career ==\nNissen was appointed an assistant professor of labor studies at Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis in 1981. In 1985, Nissen became an associate professor of labor studies at Indiana University Northwest.\nNissen joined the Center for Labor Research and Studies at Florida International University in 1997. His wife, Karen Lieberman, has retired from a professorship in the Hospitality College at the North Miami campus of Johnson & Wales University.\n\n\n== Research ==\nNissen's research focuses on a wide variety of topics regarding workers and the U.S. labor movement.\nEarly in his career he focused on the impact and dissemination of the \"new labor history\" in labor studies as well as its impact on labor education in higher education and labor unions themselves. His early work also centered on theories of the labor movement, enterprise zones, plant closings, labor-community coalitions confronting plant closings, the nature of a labor-management \"accord\" in the post-World War II years in the U.S. and similar topics.\nHis later research looks at living wage campaigns, labor-community coalitions, the future direction of the U.S. labor movement, unions and workplace reorganization, unions operating in a globalized environment, unions facing \"union busting,\" and the like.\nIn November 2001, he criticized economist Arthur Laffer (recently appointed an advisor to Florida Governor-elect Rick Scott), saying Laffer's economic theory \"basically doesn't hold water\".\n\n\n== Memberships and awards ==\nIn 2011 Nissen won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the United Association for Labor Education (UALE). This is the highest award given in the field of labor education. In 2004 he won the Florida International University “Excellence in Research” award. This is the highest yearly research award given by the university.\nNissen is a member of the United Association for Labor Education, and has served on the executive board of the organization. He is past secretary-treasurer of the Labor and Labor Movements section of the American Sociological Association (ASA). He has also served on numerous boards and commissions in his local community (such as the Community Coalition for a Living Wage and the South Florida chapter of Jobs with Justice) and has served as an adviser and researcher for city, county and state government entities as well as labor unions and community organizations.\nNissen was also the editor of Labor Studies Journalfor eight years, from 2000 through 2008.\n\n\n== Select published works ==\n\n\n=== Solely authored books ===\nFighting for Jobs: Case Studies of Labor-Community Coalitions Confronting Plant Closings. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1995. ISBN 0-7914-2567-3\n\n\n=== Co-authored books ===\nLieberman, Karen and Nissen, Bruce. Ethics in the Hospitality Industry, second edition. Lansing, Mich.: Educational Institute, 2008. ISBN 978-0-86612-328-0\n\n\n=== Solely edited books ===\nUnions in a Globalized Environment: Changing Borders, Organizational Boundaries, and Social Roles. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2002. ISBN 0-7656-0869-3\nWhich Direction for Organized Labor? Essays on Organizing, Outreach, and Internal Transformation. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8143-2779-6\nUnions and Workplace Reorganization. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8143-2703-6\nU.S. Labor Relations 1945-1989: Accommodation and Conflict. New York: Garland Publishing, 1990. ISBN 0-8240-7141-7\n\n\n=== Co-edited books ===\nCraypo, Charles and Nissen, Bruce, eds. Grand Designs: The Impact of Corporate Strategies on Workers, Unions and Communities. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 1993. ISBN 0-87546-309-6\nLarson, Simeon and Nissen, Bruce, eds. Theories of the Labor Movement. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8143-1815-0\n\n\n=== Solely authored book chapters ===\n“A Different Kind of Union: SEIU Healthcare Florida from the mid-1990s through 2008,” pp. 289–313 in Life and Labor in the New New South (Robert Zieger, ed.), University Press of Florida, 2012.\n“Using Sociological Skills for Movements to Confront Power: The Genesis of the Research Institute for Social and Economic Policy,” pp. 116–119 in Sociologists in Action (Kathleen Odell Korgen, Jonathan M. White, and Shelley K. White, eds.), Pine Forge/Sage Press, 2011.\n“Sindicatos de Trabajadores y Ciudadanos in Estados Unidos: Reflexiones Teóricas y un Estudio de Caso” (",
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] | What position does the law school hold where Bruce Nissen serves as a professional? | [
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"id": 156044,
"question": "What is Bruce Nissen's place of employment?",
"answer": "Florida International University",
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"id": 57816,
"question": "#1 law school ranking us news",
"answer": "100",
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] | 100 | [] | true | What is the ranking of the law school at the university employing Bruce Nissen? |
3hop1__254856_400692_51423 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sekou Lumumba",
"paragraph_text": "ley, Edwin & the Pressure, Goodbye Glory, Ivana Santilli, Kardinal Offishall, Serena Ryder, 24-7 Spyz and Bedouin Soundclash.\nLumumba reunited in 2021 with former Thornley bandmate and frontman Ian Thornley as the new drummer of Big Wreck.\n\n\n== References ==Sekou Lumumba is a Canadian musician, based in Toronto, who has been drummer for such artists and groups as Ben Kenney, The Illegal Jazz Poets, Thornley, Edwin & the Pressure, Goodbye Glory, Ivana Santilli, Kardinal Offishall, Serena Ryder, 24-7 Spyz and Bedouin Soundclash.\nLumumba reunited in 2021 with former Thornley bandmate and frontman Ian Thornley as the new drummer of Big Wreck.\n\n\n== References ==Sekou Lumumba is a Canadian musician, based in Toronto, who has been drummer for such artists and groups as Ben Kenney, The Illegal Jazz Poets, ThornleySekou Lumumba is a Canadian musician, based in Toronto, who has been drummer for such artists and groups as The Illegal Jazz Poets, Thornley, Edwin & the Pressure, Goodbye Glory, Ivana Santilli, Kardinal Offishall, Serena Ryder, 24-7 Spyz and Bedouin Soundclash.SSekou Lumumba is a Canadian musician, based in Toronto, who has been drummer for such artists and groups as The Illegal Jazz Poets, Thornley, Edwin & the Pressure, Goodbye Glory, Ivana Santilli, Kardinal Offishall, Serena Ryder, 24-7 Spyz and Bedouin Soundclash. Soundclash.\nLumumba reunited in 2021 with former Thornley bandmate and frontman Ian Thornley as the new drummer of Big Wreck.\n\n\n== References ==Sekou Lumumba is a Canadian musician, based in Toronto, who has been drummer for such artists and groups as Ben Kenney, The Illegal Jazz Poets, Thornley, Edwin & the Pressure, Goodbye Glory, Ivana Santilli, Kardinal Offishall, Serena Ryder, 24-7 Spyz and Bedouin Soundclash.\n",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Falling Out (Serena Ryder album)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Brown Haired Boy\"\n\"The Tight Way\"\n\"The Perfect Mirror\"\n\"Crazy Boy\"\n\"Box Under Your Bed\"\n\"Hey Mister + Brown Haired Boy (different arrangement with drums) - hidden track\"\n\n\n== References ==Falling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder. Falling Out was produced and engineered by Damon de SzegFalling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder, released in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio.FFalling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder, released in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio. Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Falling Out (song)\"\n\"Walking Slowly\"\n\"Time\"\n\"Orderly Refrain\"\n\"Brown Haired Boy\"\n\"The Tight Way\"\n\"The Perfect Mirror\"\n\"Crazy Boy\"\n\"Box Under Your Bed\"\n\"Hey Mister + Brown Haired Boy (different arrangement with drums) - hidden track\"\n\n\n== References ==Falling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder. Falling Out was produced and engineered by Damon de SzegFalling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder, released in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio.Falling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder. Falling Out was produced and engineered by Damon de Szegheo and released in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Falling Out (song)\"\n\"Walking Slowly\"\n\"Time\"\n\"Orderly Refrain\"\n\"Brown Haired Boy\"\n\"The Tight Way\"\n\"The Perfect Mirror\"\n\"Crazy Boy\"\n\"Box Under Your Bed\"\n\"Hey Mister + Brown Haired Boy (different arrangement with drums) - hidden track\"\n\n\n== References ==Falling Out is the debut studio album by Millbrook, Ontario singer Serena Ryder. Falling Out was produced and engineered by Damon de Szegheo and released in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada in December 1999 by the independent record label Mime Radio",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a \"leader\" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned before the \"board\", have their contract bought out, and be ejected from the band.\nThe band was led for the first few years by violinist Hank Biagini, although the eventual leader, saxophonist Glen Gray (1900 – 1963) was from the beginning \"first among equals.\" The complex arrangements called for talented musicians such as trombonist Pee Wee Hunt, guitarist S. Jack Blanchette, trumpeter Frank L. Ryerson, trumpeter Sonny Dunham, clarinetist Clarence Hutchenrider, drummer Tony Briglia and singer Kenny Sargent. Arrangements were by Gene GiffCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules.",
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] | What is the designation of the fortress located in the birth town of the artist who sang Falling Out? | [
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"id": 254856,
"question": "Falling Out >> performer",
"answer": "Serena Ryder",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
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"id": 400692,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Toronto",
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{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
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] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle found in the birthplace of the performer of Falling Out? |
2hop__32887_578772 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Táng (surname)",
"paragraph_text": ")\nTao-Tang was the clan name for Emperor Yao's tribe, so Yao is also known as Tang Yao (����/����) or Tang Fangxun (��放��/��放��) (Fangxun literally means great meritorious service or contribution). Tao means pottery, which was a very important invention and tool in ancient China; Tang was the ancient name for the place currently is part of central China and the central plain of Shanxi Province. Yao's tribe combined the names of pottery and their resident place as their clan name . The descendants of Yao continued using the surname Tang instead of Tao-Tang, probably for simplification purpose.\nFrom the King Tang Shuyu\nIn the early Zhou dynasty (Western Zhou), when the King Cheng of Zhou was still a child, one day he played a game with his young brother Tang Shuyu. The King Cheng of Zhou cut a tung leaf to a Jade Gui (Chinese: �����, a kind of jade article representing authority and trust) shape, sent to Tang Shuyu, and said: you are raised to the Marquis of Tang (Chinese: �����, Tang here stands for the same place as mentioned above). The chancellor aside immediately advised the King Cheng of Zhou to choose an auspicious day and make a royalTang (; Chinese: 唐, mandarin Pinyin: \"Táng\"; Japanese: 唐/とう/から; Korean: 당/唐; Cantonese : Tong; old Chinese read Dang), is a Chinese surname. The three languages also have the surname with the same character but different pronunciation/romanization. In Korean, it is usually romanized also as Dang. In Japanese, the surname is often romanized as To. In Vietnamese, it is commonly written as Đường (the anglicized variation is Duong, not be confused with Vietnamese surname Dương which is also anglicized as Duong). It is pronounced dhɑng in Middle Chinese, and lhāŋ in Old Chinese. Old Chinese. It is the 64th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.\nThe surname ��� is also romanized as Tong when transliterated from Cantonese, and this spelling is common in Hong Kong and Macau. In Chinese, ��� (Pinyin: Tāng), is also romanized as Tang in English (and also Tong in Cantonese), although it is less common as a surname.\n\n\n== Distribution ==\nTang is a very common surname in southern China. Of the top 30 cities in China, ��� ranked 10th most common surname in the city of Chongqing.\n\n\n== History ==\nPeople with this surname mainly have three originations:\n\nFrom the clan name Tao-Tang (or Taotang, Tao Tang)\nTao-Tang was the clan name for Emperor Yao's tribe, so Yao is also known as Tang Yao (����/����) or Tang Fangxun (��放��/��放��) (Fangxun literally means great meritorious service or contribution). Tao means pottery, which was a very important invention and tool in ancient China; Tang was the ancient name for the place currently is part of central China and the central plain of Shanxi Province. Yao's tribe combined the names of pottery and their resident place as their clan name . The descendants of Yao continued using the surname Tang instead of Tao-T",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Han dynasty",
"paragraph_text": " and culture. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called commanderies, as well as a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r.��141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.\nThe Han dynasty oversaw periods of economic prosperity as well as significant growth in the money economy that had first been established during theTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wooden halls in China date to the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Architectural historian Robert L. Thorp points out the scarcity of Han-era archaeological remains, and claims that often unreliable Han-era literary and artistic sources are used by historians for clues about lost Han architecture.The HanTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wooden halls in China date to the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Architectural historian Robert L. Thorp points out the scarcity of Han-era archaeological remains, and claims that often unreliable Han-era literary and artistic sources are used by historians for clues about lost Han architecture. and is thus separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the \"Han people\" or \"Han Chinese\". The spoken Sinitic language and written Chinese are referred to respectively as the \"Han language\" and \"Han characters\".\nThe emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society and culture. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called commanderies, as well as a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r.��141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.\nThe Han dynasty oversaw periods of economic prosperity as well as significant growth in the money economy that had first been established during theTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wooden halls in China date to the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Architectural historian Robert L. Thorp points out the scarcity of Han-era archaeological remains, and claims that often unreliable Han-era literary and artistic sources are used by historians for clues about lost Han architecture.The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang, and is thus separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the \"Han people\" or \"Han Chinese\". The spoken Sinitic language and written Chinese are referred to respectively as the \"Han language\" and \"Han characters\".\nThe emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society and culture. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called commanderies, as well as a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r.��141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.\nThe Han dynasty oversaw periods of economic prosperity as well as significant growth in the money economy that had first been established during the Zhou dynasty (c.��1050 – 256 BC). The coinage minted by the central government in 119 BC remained the standard in China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, creating government monopolies that were later repealed during the Eastern period. There were significant advances in science and technology during the Han period, including the emergence of papermaking, rudders for steering ships, negative numbers in mathematics, raised-relief maps, hydraulic-powered armillary spheres for astronomy, and seismometers that discerned the cardinal direction of distant earthquakes by use of inverted pendulums.\nThe Han dynasty had many conflicts with the Xiongnu, a nomadic confederation centred in the eastern Eurasian steppe. The Xiongnu defeated the Han in 200 BC, prompting the Han to appease the Xiongnu with a policy of marriage alliance and payments of tribute, though the Xiongnu continued to raid the Han's northern borders. Han policy changed in 133 BC, under Emperor Wu, when Han forces began a series of military campaigns to quell the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu were eventually defeated and forced to accept a status as Han vassals, and the Xiongnu confederation fragmented. The Han conquered the Hexi Corridor and Inner Asian territory of the Tarim Basin from the Xion",
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] | To which dynasty do the oldest wooden structures in China, that serve as an example, belong? | [
{
"id": 32887,
"question": "What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to?",
"answer": "Tang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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"id": 578772,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "Chinese surname",
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] | Chinese surname | [
"surname"
] | true | What is the dynasty the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to an example of? |
3hop1__604991_339990_15538 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Capital punishment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majorityAs of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\"In the United States, capital punishment (killing a person as punishment for allegedly committing a crime) is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 states and in the federal capital, Washington, D.C. It is usually applied for only the most serious crimes, such as aggravated murder. Although it is a legal penalty in 27 states, 19 of them have authority to execute death sentences, with the other 8, as well as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Taiwan is the only other advanced democracy with capital punishment, but its constitutional court could strike it down when it rules on its constitutionality by the fall of 2024. \nThe existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majority of states enacted new death penalty statutes, and the court affirmed the legality of the practice in the 1976 case Gregg v. Georgia. Since then, more than 8,700 defendants have been sentenced to death; of these, more than 1,550 have been executed. At least 190 people who were sentenced to death since 1972 have since been exonerated, about 2.2% or one in 46. As of April 13, 2022, about 2,400 to 2,500 convicts are still on death row.\nThe Trump administration's Department of Justice announced its plans to resume executions for federal crimes in 2019. On July 14, 2020, Daniel Lewis Lee became the first inmate executed by the federal government since 2003. Thirteen federal death row inmates have been executed since federal executions resumed in July 2020, all under Trump. The last and most recent federal execution was of Dustin Higgs, who was executed on January 16, 2021. On July 1, 2021, Attorney General Merrick Garland announced that a moratorium on the federal death penalty was being reinstated.\nAs of March 2024, there were 42 inmates on federal death row.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-Furman history ===\n\nThe first recorded death sentence in the British North American colonies was carried out in 1608 on Captain George Kendall, who was executed by firing squad at the Jamestown colony for spying on behalf of the Spanish government. Executions in colonial America were also carried out by hanging. The hangman's noose was one of the various punishments the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony applied to enforce religious and intellectual conformity on the whole community.\nThe Bill of Rights adopted in 1789 included the Eighth Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. The FifthOther states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings. as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Frozen Run",
"paragraph_text": " Valley, the stream turns east and flows for a few miles before reaching its confluence with Hemlock Creek near the community of Buckhorn.\nFrozen Run joinsFrozen Run is a tributary of Hemlock Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Hemlock Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream flows through Frosty Valley and is also near a fault. It is designated as a coldwater fishery. Parts of the watershed are impaired due to siltation. The stream has several unnamed tributaries.",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Socialist Party of Oregon (Columbia County, Oregon)",
"paragraph_text": "The Socialist Party of Oregon in Columbia County, Oregon began around the First Red Scare. The first year (1914) it went mainstream, the Socialist party had 27 more registered members than the Prohibition Party, who were some members of the Suffrage movement. The Socialist party was similar to the Progressive Party in the county, as it tried from the outskirts of government to make change. While Socialism failed its first year, it still received attention from the press who was aware of the October Revolution (1918) in Russia (Now the Soviet Union) by a similarly named government led by Vladimir Lenin.6.\nColumbia County was created in 1854 from the northern half of Washington County. Milton served as the county seat until 1857 when it was moved to St. Helens.\nColumbia County has been afflicted by numerous flooding disasters, the most recent in December 2007. Heavy rains caused the Nehalem River to escape its banks and flood the city of Vernonia and rural areas nearby. Columbia County received a presidential disaster declaration for this event.\nIn the 1910s the Socialist Party of Oregon won a handful of votes. This party was distinct from the better-known SPO which operated throughout the twentieth century.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 688 square miles (1,780 km2), of which 657 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 31 square miles (80 km2) (4.5%) is water. It is Oregon's third-smallest county by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.\n\n\n=== Adjacent counties ===\nWahkiakum County, Washington (northwest)\nCowlitz County, Washington (northeast)\nClark County, Washington (east)\nMultnomah County (southeast)\nWashington County (south)\nClatsop County (west)\n\n\n=== National protected area ===\nJulia Butler Hansen National Wildlife Refuge (part)\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2010 census ===\nAs of the 2010 census, there were 49,351 people, 19,183 households, and 13,516 families living in the county. The population density was 75.1 inhabitants per square mile (29.0/km2). There were 20,698 housing units at an average density of 31.5 units per square mile (12.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 1.3% American Indian, 0.9% Asian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 1.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 26.1% were German, 14.5% were English, 14.4% were Irish, 5.9% were Norwegian, and 4.8% were American.\nOf the 19,183 households, 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.5% were non-families, and 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 41.3 years.\nThe median income for a household in the county was $55,199 and the median income for a family was $62,728. Males had a median income of $52,989 versus $35,558 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,613. About 6.5% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the 2000 census,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the death penalty reinstated in the state where Frozen Run is situated? | [
{
"id": 604991,
"question": "Frozen Run >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Columbia County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
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{
"id": 339990,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Oregon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 15538,
"question": "When did #2 reinstate the death penalty?",
"answer": "1984",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
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] | 1984 | [] | true | When did the state that Frozen Run is located in reinstate the death penalty? |
4hop1__151650_5274_458768_33677 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The RightThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed overSanta Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed] Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Pal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licenseeSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. N",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Desde El Principio",
"paragraph_text": "\" was a typical Azúcar Moreno dance track with a more synthesized and contemporary urban sound. Just like 1991's Mambo the album also featured flamenco/dance covers of a number of pop classics like \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\", a hit for both Nina Simone and The Animals in the 60s and also turned into disco classic by Santa Esmeralda in 1977, the Neapolitan traditional \"¡Oh Sole Mío!\", also covered by Elvis Presley in English as \"It\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\".\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\". 2000s most notably the young Spanish rumba-rock duo Estopa to great success. Productionwise Desde El Principio marked a return to Azúcar Moreno's winning formula of the early 90s in that it mixed mainstream Latin pop with material from a wide variety of genres. Tracks like \"Sangre Española\", \"Me Quedo Contigo\" and \"Vamos a Dejarlo Así\" mainly featured drums, percussion and Spanish guitars, recorded live, while lead single \"Mi Ritmo\" was a typical Azúcar Moreno dance track with a more synthesized and contemporary urban sound. Just like 1991's Mambo the album also featured flamenco/dance covers of a number of pop classics like \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\", a hit for both Nina Simone and The Animals in the 60s and also turned into disco classic by Santa Esmeralda in 1977, the Neapolitan traditional \"¡Oh Sole Mío!\", also covered by Elvis Presley in English as \"It\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\".Desde El Principio is the twelfth studio album by Spanish duo Azúcar Moreno, released on Sony International in 2004.\nThe album saw the Salazar sisters joining forces with a new production team; drummer and percussionist Sergio Castillo and keyboardist Francisco Amat. Castillo and Amat began their career in music in the early 1980s and had previously produced albums with among others Cuban singer Silvio Rodríguez, Tunisian-French Dany Brillant, and in the late 90s and early 2000s most notably the young Spanish rumba-rock duo Estopa to great success. Productionwise Desde El Principio marked a return to Azúcar Moreno's winning formula of the early 90s in that it mixed mainstream Latin pop with material from a wide variety of genres. Tracks like \"Sangre Española\", \"Me Quedo Contigo",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the latest Bicycle Friendly Community Award go to the city that hosts the headquarters of a record label that's only outdone in size by Desde El Principio? | [
{
"id": 151650,
"question": "What was the record label of Desde El Principio?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 33677,
"question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to #3 ?",
"answer": "2013",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 2013 | [] | true | When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to the city where the only group larger than the record label of Desde El Principio is headquartered? |
2hop__123145_66723 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "James Meredith",
"paragraph_text": " involved. The second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University of Mississippi led year-long series of events to celebrate the 40th and 50th anniversaries of Meredith's integration of the institution. He was among numerous speakers invited to the campus, where a statue of him commemorates his role. The Lyceum-The Circle Historic District at the center of the campus has been designated as a National Historic Landmark for these events.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nMeredith was born in 1933 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, the son of Roxie (Patterson) and Moses Meredith. He is of African-American, English Canadian, Scots and Choctaw heritage. His family nickname was \"J-Boy\". European traders intermarried with some Choctaw during the colonial period. In the 1830s, thousands of Choctaw chose to stay in Mississippi and become United States citizens when most of the tribe left their traditional homeland for Indian Territory during the federally imposed removal. Those in the state had unions with European Americans and African Americans (some of whom were enslaved), adding to the multi-racial population in the developing territory.\nMeredith completed 11th grade at Attala County Training School (which was segregated as \"white\" and \"colored\" under the state's Jim Crow laws) and completed 12th grade at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated from high school in 1951. Then, Meredith enlisted in the United States Air Force. He served from 1951 to 1960.\nAfterward Meredith attended Jackson State University for two years, achieving good grades.\n\n\n== University of Mississippi ==\n\n\n=== Challenge to the University ===\nIn 1961, inspired the day before by U.S. President John F. Kennedy, Meredith started to apply to the University of Mississippi, intending to insist on his civil rights to attend the state-funded university. It still admitted only white students under the state's culture of racial segregation, although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, as they are supported by all the taxpayers.\nMeredith wrote in his application that he wanted admission for his country, race, family, and himself. He said,\n\nNobody handpicked me...I believed, and believe now, that I have a Divine Responsibility... I am familiar with the probable difficulties involved in such a move as I am undertaking and I am fully prepared to pursue it all the way to a degree from the University of Mississippi.\nHe was twice denied admission. During this time, he was advised by Medgar Evers, who was head of the state chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).\nOn May 31, 1961, Meredith, with backing of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, alleging that the university had rejected him only because of his race, as he had a highly successful record of military service and academic courses. The case went through many hearings, after which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that Meredith had the right to be admitted to the state school. The state appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which supported the ruling of the appeals court.\nOn September 13, 1962, the District Court entered an injunction directing the members of the Board of Trustees and the officials of the University to register Meredith. The Democratic Governor of Mississippi, Ross Barnett, declared \"no school will be integrated in Mississippi while I am your governor\". The state legislature quickly created a plan. They passed a law that denied admission to any person \"who has a crime of moral turpitude against him\" or who had been convicted of any felony offense or not pardoned. The same day it became law, Meredith was accused and convicted of \"false voter registration,\" in absentia, in Jackson County. The conviction against Meredith was trumped up: Meredith both owned land in northern Mississippi and was registered to vote in Jackson, where he lived. \"Later the clerk testified that Meredith was qualified toJames Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is a Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans. Americans. The admission of Meredith ignited the Ole Miss riot of 1962 where Meredith's life was threatened and 31,000 American servicemen were required to quell the violence – the largest ever invocation of the Insurrection Act of 1807.\nIn 1966, Meredith planned a solo 220-mile (350-kilometer) March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi; he wanted to highlight continuing racism in the South and encourage voter registration after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He did not want major civil rights organizations involved. The second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Stewart Patridge",
"paragraph_text": " and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi DeltaStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.Stewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow AcademyStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state..\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi DeltaStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.Stewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi Delta Community College, where, as a freshman, he helped lead the football team to a 12-0 record and a national Junior College Championship. [1] Patridge played for only one year at Mississippi Delta Community College before transferring to the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. He earned his first letter in 1996 by playing in 10 of the 11 games, Patridge became the No. 2 quarterback behind Paul Head, taking over in the final three games of the season; and during the 1996 season, Patridge completed 79 of 154 passes for 876 yards with three touchdowns and four interceptions, completing an individual game high of 17 passes for the win against Georgia.\nPatridge received numerous awards while playing at the University of Mississippi including the 1997 Ole Miss Quarterback Club Player of the Year, Offensive Player of the Week, Southeastern Conference Player of the Week and was named as the ESPN National Player of the Week after the LSU game when he completed 27 of 43 passes for 346 yards and two touchdowns as the Rebels upset the No. 8 ranked Tigers, 36-21 in Baton Rouge. [2]\nPatridge became the only quarterback in Ole Miss history to pass for over 200 yards in nine games in a single season. Patridge also holds the school record for 200 straight passes without an interception.\nPatridge, having only started 14 games, ranks 6th for most passes completed, 7th for pass attempts and 7th for passing yards; and\nPatridge led the Rebels to a post-season bowl appearance in the first Motor City Bowl. Patridge was named Most Valuable Player as he completed 29 of 47 passes for 332 yards and three touchdowns. [3]\nPatridge finished his career at Ole Miss completing 310 of 510 passes for 3,564 yards and 15 touchdowns, giving him a 60.6 completion percentage, which is the third all-time best in Rebel history and making him 8th in school history for total offense.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\nIn 1999, Patridge played for the Mississippi Pride in the Regional Football League, where he was named the all-RFL quarterback. Then, after the RFL folded, he went to the New England Sea Wolves, the Florida Bobcats and the Carolina Cobras in the Arena Football League from 2000 through 2003. [4]\nPatridge is currently living in Olive Branch, Mississippi.\n\n\n== References ==Stewart Patridge",
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] | Who was the initial African American learner to gain admission to the educational institution where Stewart Patridge studied? | [
{
"id": 123145,
"question": "What university did Stewart Patridge attend?",
"answer": "University of Mississippi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
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{
"id": 66723,
"question": "who was the first black student admitted to #1",
"answer": "James Howard Meredith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | James Howard Meredith | [
"James Meredith"
] | true | who was the first black student admitted to the university that Stewart Patridge attended? |
3hop1__222497_309482_27537 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the papacy.\n\n\n=== Election to the papacy ===\nAlexander suddenly died while he was with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa at Bologna on the night of 3–4 May 1410. On 25 May 1410, Cossa was consecrated a pope taking the name John XXIII. He had become an ordained bishop only one day earlier. John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia; and in the beginning and in 1411-1413 by Hungary and Poland. However, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as popeFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Al gran sole carico d'amore",
"paragraph_text": " (bass)\nMale and female communards, guerillas, comrades, the people of Paris, modern workers, mothers, Sicilian immigrants, Cuban women, prisoners\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nThe story is without conventionalAl gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.== Roles ==\nTania (soprano)\nThiers (tenor)\nFavre (bass)\nLouise Michel (4 sopranos)\nL'ufficiale, the official (tenor)\nIl soldato, the soldier (tenor)\nBismarck (bass)\nLa madre, the mother (alto)\nDeola (4 sopranos)\nPavel (baritone)\nIl direttore di una fabbrica russa del 1905, the manager of a Russian factory in 1905 (tenor)\nIl delatore, the police informer (tenor)\nHaydée (soprano)\nUna madre e donne vietnamite, a mother and Vietnamese women (soprano)\nGramsci (baritone)\nDimitrov (2 basses)\nCastro (bass)\nMale and female communards, guerillas, comrades, the people of Paris, modern workers, mothers, Sicilian immigrants, Cuban women, prisoners\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nThe story is without conventional linear narrative, and comments in its two parts on the 1871 Paris Commune and the 1905 Russian Revolution. The principal characters are women from those periods, who perish in an attempt to stop the violence of their times.\n\n\n== Recordings ==\nTeldec New Line (2-CD set) 8573-81059-2: Claudia Barainsky, Maraile Lichdi, Melinda Liebermann, Stella Kleindienst, Lani Poulson, Roderic Keating, Markus Marquardt, Peter Kajlinger, Urs Winter, Helmut Holzapfel, Mark Munkittrick, Carsten Wittmoser; Chorus and Orchestra of the Staatsoper Stuttgart; Lothar Zagrosek, conductor. Recorded June–July 1999 in the Staatstheater Stuttgart.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nOsmond-Smith, David (2001). \"Al gran sole carico d'amore\". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.\nE. G. \"Al gran sole carico",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Alessandro Zezzos",
"paragraph_text": "banques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\".Alessandro Zezzos (1848, in Venice, Austrian Empire – 1914, in Vittorio Veneto) was an Italian painter of genre scenes, costume scenes, portraits, and vedute, in watercolors and oils.\n\nHe studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: Né sposo né figlio and Scena famigliare. In 1877 at Paris, Les saltimbanques and Les pigeons de Saint Marc. He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are Le rondini, exhibited at Turin in 1880; Una calle, exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: Mercante di ventagli; At the Predica, Half-figure of a Girl; and Popolana. In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: The Lovers. He painted Love Letter, Una fuga nel 1700; and The Dockside of San Marco. From 1877 to 1878 he sent the following paintings to Paris: Pigeons of St Mark, El-Mazrama (Mouchoir of the Sultan),He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\". El-Mazrama (Mouchoir of the Sultan), Los Saltimbanques, and A venetian - A Daughter of the People.\nHe had a retrospective exhibit at the Castello S",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What prompted Roncalli to depart from the location where the creator of 'Al gran sole carico d'amore' was employed? | [
{
"id": 222497,
"question": "Al gran sole carico d'amore >> composer",
"answer": "Luigi Nono",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 309482,
"question": "#1 >> work location",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the place where the composer of Al gran sole carico d'amore worked? |
2hop__752214_639679 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Clio Goldsmith",
"paragraph_text": ". In 1981, she played prostitute Clemence in Mauro Bolognini's The Lady of the Camellias together with Isabelle Huppert. In Plein sud, she vows she will take up with the first fool she sees, seducing Patrick Dewaere.\nIn 1982, the title role in the comedy Bankers Also Have Souls earned her some international fame. The Michel Lang movie which was produced by her cousin Gilbert de Goldschmidt featured Pierre Mondy and Claudia Cardinale. Goldsmith plays a beautiful call girl, a gift to a retiring banker from his colleagues. After two other roles, and having appeared twice in an Italian adult entertainment magazine Playmen, she retired from acting.\nFrom 1982 to 1985 she was married to ItalianClio Goldsmith (born 16 June 1957) is a French former actress, appearing mostly as a Femme fatale in some films of the early 1980s. She is a member of the prominent Goldsmith family through her father ecologist Edward Goldsmith.CClio Goldsmith (born 16 June 1957) is a French former actress, appearing mostly as a Femme fatale in some films of the early 1980s. She is a member of the prominent Goldsmith family through her father ecologist Edward Goldsmith. Shand, thus a former sister-in-law to Queen Camilla.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nShe began acting in the 1980 movie The Cricket of Alberto Lattuada. Alongside Virna Lisi and Anthony Franciosa, she played a fun-loving girl ending up as prostitute. In 1981, she played prostitute Clemence in Mauro Bolognini's The Lady of the Camellias together with Isabelle Huppert. In Plein sud, she vows she will take up with the first fool she sees, seducing Patrick Dewaere.\nIn 1982, the title role in the comedy Bankers Also Have Souls earned her some international fame. The Michel Lang movie which was produced by her cousin Gilbert de Goldschmidt featured Pierre Mondy and Claudia Cardinale. Goldsmith plays a beautiful call girl, a gift to a retiring banker from his colleagues. After two other roles, and having appeared twice in an Italian adult entertainment magazine Playmen, she retired from acting.\nFrom 1982 to 1985 she was married to ItalianClio Goldsmith (born 16 June 1957) is a French former actress, appearing mostly as a Femme fatale in some films of the early 1980s. She is a member of the prominent Goldsmith family through her father ecologist Edward Goldsmith.Clio Goldsmith is an English former actress, appearing mostly as a femme fatale in some films of the early 1980s. She is a member of the prominent Goldsmith family through her father ecologist Edward Goldsmith. Goldsmith was married to British travel writer Mark Shand, thus a former sister-in-law to Queen Camilla.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nShe began acting in the 1980 movie The Cricket of Alberto Lattuada. Alongside Virna Lisi and Anthony Franciosa, she played a fun-loving girl ending up as prostitute. In 1981, she played prostitute Clemence in Mauro Bolognini's The Lady of the Camellias together with Isabelle Huppert. In Plein sud, she vows she will take up with the first fool she sees, seducing Patrick Dewaere.\nIn 1982, the title role in the comedy Bankers Also Have Souls earned her some international fame. The Michel Lang movie which was produced by her cousin Gilbert de Goldschmidt featured Pierre Mondy and Claudia Cardinale. Goldsmith plays a beautiful call girl, a gift to a retiring banker from his colleagues. After two other roles, and having appeared twice in an Italian adult entertainment magazine Playmen, she retired from acting.\nFrom 1982 to 1985 she was married to Italian entrepreneur Carlo Alessandro Puri Negri (*1952), an heir of the Pirelli family. They had a daughter, Talita. In 1990 she married British author Mark Shand, brother of Queen Camilla and they had a daughter, Ayesha. Shand confirmed in 2010 that the couple were divorced.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n1980: The Cricket (La cicala)\n1980: The Lady of the Camellias\n1981: Honey (Miele di donna)\n1981: Heat of Desire (Plein sud)\n1981: La caduta degli angeli ribelli\n1982: Miss Right (La donna giusta)\n1982: Le Grand Pardon\n1982: Bankers Also Have Souls (Le Cadeau)\n1984: ...e la vita continua (TV miniseries)\n1986: Tug of Love (L'étincelle )\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nClio Goldsmith at IMDb\nAllmovie entry (with covers depicting her)\nEntries in German movie databases: [1], [2]Clio Goldsmith is an English former actress, appearing mostly as a femme fatale in some films of the early 1980s. She is a member of the prominent Goldsmith family through her father ecologist Edward Goldsmith. Goldsmith was married to British travel writer Mark Shand, thus a former sister-in-law to Queen Camilla.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nShe began acting in the 1980 movie The Cricket of Alberto Lattuada. Alongside Virna Lisi and Anthony Franciosa, she played a fun-loving girl ending up as prostitute. In 1981, she played prostitute Clemence",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Queen of the Elephants",
"paragraph_text": " on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which wasQueen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand and the corresponding BBC documentary \"Queen of the Elephants\", based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the award, providing free publicity simultaneously to the profession of mahouts, and to Kaziranga.QQueen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand and the corresponding BBC documentary \"Queen of the Elephants\", based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the award, providing free publicity simultaneously to the profession of mahouts, and to Kaziranga. and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.\nThe \n\n\n== References ==Queen of the Elephants is a book written by the conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand in 1996. The book and the BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants which was adapted from it were based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times—Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the Prix Litteraire d'Amis award and the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the person married to the writer of Queen of the Elephants? | [
{
"id": 752214,
"question": "Queen of the Elephants >> author",
"answer": "Mark Shand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 639679,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Clio Goldsmith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Clio Goldsmith | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the author of Queen of the Elephants? |
2hop__623501_297043 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Lostock Dam",
"paragraph_text": "umez Australia under contract to the New South Wales Water Department of Land and Water Conservation following the drought of 1964–66. At that time there was a need for a water conservation storage in the Paterson Valley to stabilise and further develop rural productivity.\nThe dam wall height is 38 metres (125 ft) and is 701 metres (2,300 ft) long. The maximum water depth is 30 metres (98 ft) and at 100% capacity the dam wall holds back 20,220 megalitres (714×10^6 cu ft) of water at 155 metres (509 ft) AHD. The surface area of the reservoir is 220 hectares (540 acres) and the catchment area is 277 square kilometres (107 sq mi). The ungated concrete lined, flip bucket chute spillway is capable of discharging 2,860 cubic metres per second (101,000 cu ft/s).\nThe name of the dam originates from the village of the same name, located approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) downstream from the dam wall.\n\n\n=== Power generation ===\nA mini hydro-electric power station generates up to 2.2 megawatts (3,000 hp) of electricity from the flow of the water leaving Lostock Dam. Constructed by Heidemann Hydro Australia, the facility is managed by Delta Electricity.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nDelta Electricity\nIrrigation in Australia\nList of dams and reservoirs in New South Wales\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Hunter River catchment\" (map). Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales.\nLostock Dam Fishing Information & Map\nRichard Woodward's Dam ProjectsLostock Dam is a minor rockfill and clay core embankment dam with a concrete lined, flip bucket spillway across the Paterson River upstream of the village of East Gresford in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. Mini hydro-power facilities were retrofitted in 2010. The impounded reservoir is also called Lostock Dam.\n\n\n== Location and features ==\nCommenced in 1969 and completed in 1971, the Lostock Dam is a minor dam on the Paterson River, a tributary of the Hunter River, and is located approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) from both Maitland and Singleton, and also 93 kilometres (58 mi) north-west of Newcastle, on the upper reaches of the river. The dam was built by Dumez Australia under contract to the New South WalesLostock Dam is a minor rockfill and clay core embankment dam with a concrete lined, flip bucket spillway across the Paterson River upstream of the village of East Gresford in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. Mini hydro-power facilities were retrofitted in 2010. The impounded reservoir is also called Lostock Dam.LLostock Dam is a minor rockfill and clay core embankment dam with a concrete lined, flip bucket spillway across the Paterson River upstream of the village of East Gresford in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. Mini hydro-power facilities were retrofitted in 2010. The impounded reservoir is also called Lostock Dam.== Location and features ==\nCommenced in 1969 and completed in 1971, the Lostock Dam is a minor dam on the Paterson River, a tributary of the Hunter River, and is located approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) from both Maitland and Singleton, and also 93 kilometres (58 mi) north-west of Newcastle, on the upper reaches of the river. The dam was built by Dumez Australia under contract to the New South Wales Water Department of Land and Water Conservation following the drought of 1964–66. At that time there was a need for a water conservation storage in the Paterson Valley to stabilise and further develop rural productivity.\nThe dam wall height is 38 metres (125 ft) and is 701 metres (2,300 ft) long. The maximum water depth is 30 metres (98 ft) and at 100% capacity the dam wall holds back 20,220 megal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Paterson River",
"paragraph_text": " industry in the Upper Hunter and the city of Newcastle. It was named after one of the first known Europeans in the area was Colonel William Paterson in 1801 surveyed the area beside the river.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nIt is approximately 15 minutes drive north along either Tocal or Paterson Roads from the nearest major township of Maitland. Paterson railway station lies on the main North Coast Railway Line between Sydney and Brisbane with daily services north to Dungog and south-east to Newcastle.\nAdjoining areas include Duns Creek, Martins Creek and Vacy.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe area was once occupied by the Wonnarua and Worimi peoples, who are Aboriginal Australian groups. The first official European in the area was the man whose name the town was to adopt, Colonel William Paterson,Paterson River, a perennial river that is part of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Hunter and Mid North Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia.PPaterson River, a perennial river that is part of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Hunter and Mid North Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. situated on the Paterson River. It is in the middle of what was once dairy, timber and citrus country and is now more significantly a feeder town for the nearby mining industry in the Upper Hunter and the city of Newcastle. It was named after one of the first known Europeans in the area was Colonel William Paterson in 1801 surveyed the area beside the river.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nIt is approximately 15 minutes drive north along either Tocal or Paterson Roads from the nearest major township of Maitland. Paterson railway station lies on the main North Coast Railway Line between Sydney and Brisbane with daily services north to Dungog and south-east to Newcastle.\nAdjoining areas include Duns Creek, Martins Creek and Vacy.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe area was once occupied by the Wonnarua and Worimi peoples, who are Aboriginal Australian groups. The first official European in the area was the man whose name the town was to adopt, Colonel William Paterson,Paterson River,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Of which watercourse is the Lostock Dam based river the outlet? | [
{
"id": 623501,
"question": "Lostock Dam >> located on terrain feature",
"answer": "Paterson River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 297043,
"question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Hunter River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Hunter River | [] | true | What watercourse is the river on which the Lostock Dam is located the mouth of? |
4hop2__105527_14670_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he entered the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Having assumed de facto control over the party by 1937, Tito was formally elected its general secretary in 1939 and later its president, the title he held until his death. During World War II, after the Nazi invasion of the area, he led the YugoslavIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "ZH-29",
"paragraph_text": "The ZH-29 was a semi-automatic rifle developed in Czechoslovakia during the late 1920s, and used by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army. The ZH-29 is one of the first successful self-loading rifles in service. with a tilting-bolt locking system similar to that which would be later used in the Sturmgewehr 44; although while the bolt of the German gun tilts vertically, that of the ZH-29 does so to the left side. Externally the most distinctive feature is that the barrel is offset at a slight angle to the receiver to compensate for this. Also unusually, the rifle uses an aluminium barrel jacket.\nAn upgraded variant was designated as the ZH-32.\nIn China, Chang Tso-lin's army received 150 ZH-29 and 100 ZH-32 rifles, and the provincial troops of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the termThe word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": "Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.\nThe U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders\". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America.\n\n\n== Mission ==\nThe United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Section 7062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as:\n\nPreserving the peace and security and providing for the defense of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States\nSupporting the national policies\nImplementing the national objectives\nOvercoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States\nIn 2018, the Army Strategy 2018 articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant, the Army Strategy builds upon the Army's Brigade Modernization by adding focus to corps and division-level echelons. The Army Futures Command oversees reforms geared toward conventional warfare. The Army's current reorganization plan is due to be completed by 2028.\nThe Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations), special operations forces, to set and sustain the theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nThe Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking helped shape the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the national anthem of the nation, whose defense forces similar to America's Air Defense Artillery, were caught off guard by the invasion from the creators of the ZH-29, first incorporate the term "Slavs"? | [
{
"id": 105527,
"question": "The country for ZH-29 was what?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | A country's military branch, the equivalent of which in the US contains the Air Defense Artillery, was unprepared for the invasion of the country that developed the ZH-29. When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the unprepared country? |
4hop3__857_846_613770_7713 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerkArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Guangling District",
"paragraph_text": "uangling District (simplified Chinese: ����区; traditional Chinese: �������; pinyin: Gu��nglíng Qū) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half ofGuangling District () is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District.Guangling District () is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District.Guangling District (simplified Chinese: ����区; traditional Chinese: �������; pinyin: Gu��nglíng Qū) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\nAt present, Guangling District has 4 subdistricts, 1 town and 1 township.\n\n4 subdistricts\n\n1 town\nWantou (��头��)\n1 township\nTangwang (������)\n\n\n== Transportation ==\nYangzhou East railway station is located here.\n\n\n== References ==\n\nwww.xzqh.org (in Chinese)\n\n\n== External links ==Guangling District (simplified Chinese: ����区; traditional Chinese: �������; pinyin: Gu��nglíng Qū) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\nAt present, Guangling District has 4 subdistricts, 1 town and 1 township.\n\n4 subdistricts\n\n1 town\nWantou (��头��)\n1 township\nTangwang (������)\n\n\n== Transportation ==\nYangzhou East railway station is located here.\n\n\n== References ==\n\nwww.xzqh.org (in Chinese)\n\n\n== External links ==Guangling District (simplified Chinese: ����区; traditional Chinese: �������; pinyin: Gu��nglíng Qū) is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court withThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\"During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For what duration was the location where Yongle Emperor received the edict's recipient, the capital of the region that encompassed Guangling District? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 613770,
"question": "Guangling District >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #3 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long was the place where the Yongle Emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed the capitol of the area where Guangling District was located? |
2hop__203955_25719 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Rössen culture",
"paragraph_text": " and a small part of Austria.\nThe Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.\n\n\n== Pottery ==\n\nRössen vessels are characteristically decorated with double incisions (\"goat's foot incision\" or German '\"Geißfußstich\"') with incrustation of white paste. Grooved or stamped incisions are also common. Over time, the extent of the decorated areas appears to decrease so that on later vessels it is mostly restricted to the neck or entirely absent.\nTypical shapes include tall footed bowls, globular cups, rectangular sheet-made bowls and boat-shaped vessels.\nThe surfaces of vessels are usually burnished; their colours range from brown via reddish brown and dark brown to grey-black.\n\n\n== Stone tools ==\nThe Rössen repertoire of flint tools is broadly similar to that of the Linear Pottery (LBK) tradition (blades with pyramid-shaped cores), but there is a marked change as regards the raw materials used. Dutch Rijkholt flint, which dominated the LBK tradition, is being replaced with veined 'Plattenhornstein' (Abensberg-Arnhofen type) of Bavarian origin. The most typical solid rock tool is a pierced tall cleaver, but unpierced axes and adzes are also common.\n\n\n== Domestic architecture and settlement patterns ==\n\nOnly a few Rössen settlements have been excavated. Prominent examples are the sites of Deiringsen-Ruploh und Schöningen/Esbeck. The predominant structure is a trapezoidal or boat-shaped long house, up to 65 m in length. The ground plans suggest a sloping roofline. Multiple internal partitions are a frequent feature, probably indicating that several smaller (family?) units inhabited a house. Lüning suggests that Rössen settlements were true village communities. Some settlements were surrounded by earthwork enclosures. The majority of settlements were located in areas with Chernozem soils; compared to LBK the area of settlement decreased.\n\n\n== Burial rites ==\n\nThe dead were mostly buried in a crouched position, lying on their right side and facing East. Graves were dug to a depth of 40 to 160 cm, occasionally they were covered with stone slabs. The exact shapes and sizes of graves are not well understood.\nEven less is known about possible cremation burials whose identification as belonging to Rössen is sometimes disputed. Cremated remains and pyre ashes were collected together and accompanied by unburnt grave goods.\nCeramic grave offerings include pedestalled cups, globular cups, lugged cups, bowls, flasks, amphoras, jugs and basins. Limestone rings, stone axes, flint blades and animal bones also occur.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nMixed agriculture was practiced, and cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were kept.\n\n\n== Origin of British/Irish Neolithic? ==\n\nIt is suggested the late Rössen cultureThe Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.TheThe Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture. the Saalekreis district, Saxony-Anhalt). The Rössen culture has been identified in 11 of the 16 states of Germany (it is only absent from the Northern part of the North German Plain), but also in the southeast Low Countries, northeast France, northern Switzerland and a small part of Austria.\nThe Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.\n\n\n== Pottery ==\n\nRössen vessels are characteristically decorated with double incisions (\"goat's foot incision\" or German '\"Geißfußstich\"') with incrustation of white paste. Grooved or stamped incisions are also common. Over time, the extent of the decorated areas appears to decrease so that on later vessels it is mostly restricted to the neck or entirely absent.\nTypical shapes include tall footed bowls, globular cups, rectangular sheet-made bowls and boat-shaped vessels.\nThe surfaces of vessels are usually burnished; their colours range from brown via reddish brown and dark brown to grey-black.\n\n\n== Stone tools ==\nThe Rössen repertoire of flint tools is broadly similar to that of the Linear Pottery (LBK) tradition (blades with pyramid-shaped cores), but there is a marked change as regards the raw materials used. Dutch Rijkholt flint, which dominated the LBK tradition, is being replaced with veined 'Plattenhornstein' (Abensberg-Arnhofen type) of Bavarian origin. The most typical solid rock tool is a pierced tall cleaver, but unpierced axes and adzes are also common.\n\n\n== Domestic architecture and settlement patterns ==\n\nOnly a few Rössen settlements have been excavated. Prominent examples are the sites of Deiringsen-Ruploh und Schöningen/Esbeck. The predominant structure is a trapezoidal or boat-shaped long house, up to 65 m in length. The ground plans suggest a sloping roofline. Multiple internal partitions are a frequent feature, probably indicating that several smaller (family?) units inhabited a house. Lüning suggests that Rössen settlements were true village communities. Some settlements were surrounded by earthwork enclosures. The majority of settlements were located in areas with Chernozem soils; compared to LBK the area of settlement decreased.\n\n\n== Burial rites ==\n\nThe dead were mostly buried in a crouched position, lying on their right side and facing East. Graves were dug to a depth of 40 to 160 cm, occasionally they were covered with stone slabs. The exact shapes and sizes of graves are not well understood.\nEven less is known about possible cremation burials whose identification as belonging to Rössen is sometimes disputed. Cremated remains and pyre ashes were collected together and accompanied by unburnt grave goods.\nCeramic grave offerings include pedestalled cups, globular cups, lugged cups, bowls, flasks, amphoras, jugs and basins. Limestone rings, stone axes, flint blades and animal bones also occur.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nMixed agriculture was practiced, and cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were kept.\n\n\n== Origin of British/Irish Neolithic? ==\n\nIt is suggested the late Rössen cultureThe Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg and Funnel Beaker Culture.The Rössen culture or Roessen culture (German: Rössener Kultur) is a Central European culture of the middle Neolithic (4,600–4,300 BC).\nIt is named after the necropolis of Rössen (part of Leuna, in the Saalekreis district, Saxony-Anhalt). The Rössen culture has been identified in 11 of the 16 states of Germany (it is only absent from the Northern part of the North German Plain), but also in the southeast Low Countries, northeast France, northern Switzerland and a small part of Austria.\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Galicia (Spain)",
"paragraph_text": "740. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia. This institution was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four administrative provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and for the recognition of the culture of Galicia. This resulted in the Statute of Autonomy of 1936, soon frustrated by Franco's coup d'état and subsequent long dictatorship. After democracy was restored the legislature passed the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, approved in referendum and currently in force, providing Galicia with self-government.\nThe interior of Galicia is characterized by a hilly landscape; mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rias and beaches. The climate of Galicia is usually temperate and rainy, with markedly drier summers; it is usually classified as Oceanic. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history, allowing for a relatively high density of population. Except shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was based on a farming and fishing economy until after the mid-20th century, when it began to industrialize. In 2018, the nominal gross domestic product was €62.900 billion, with a nominal GDP per capita of €23,300. Galicia is characterised, unlike other Spanish regions, by the absence of a metropolis dominating the territory. Indeed, the urban network is made up of 7 main cities: the four provincial capitals A Coruña, Pontevedra, Ourense and Lugo, the political capital Santiago de Compostela and the industrial cities Vigo and Ferrol. The population is largely concentrated in two main areas: from Ferrol to A Coruña on the northern coast, and in the Rías Baixas region in the southwest, including the cities of Vigo, Pontevedra, and the interior city of Santiago de Compostela. There are smaller populations around the interior cities of Lugo and Ourense. The political capital is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña. Vigo, in the province of Pontevedra, is the largest municipality and A Coruña the most populated city in Galicia. Two languages are official and widely used today in Galicia: the native Galician; and Spanish, usually called Castilian. While most Galicians are bilingual, a 2013 survey reported that 51% of the Galician population spoke Galician most often on a day-to-day basis, while 48% most often used Spanish.\n\n\n== Toponymy ==\n\nThe name Galicia derives from the Latin toponym Callaecia, later Gallaecia, related to the name of an ancient Celtic tribe that resided north of the Douro river, the Gallaeci or Callaeci in Latin, or ��αλλα��κoί (Kallaïkoí) in Greek. These Callaeci were the first tribe in the area to help the Lusitanians against the invading Romans. The Romans applied their name to all the other tribes in the northwest who spoke the same language and lived the same life.\nThe toponymy of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors such as Isidore of Seville, who wrote that \"Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin,In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. among them Cíes Islands, Ons, Sálvora, Cortegada Island, which together form the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, and the largest and most populated, A Illa de Arousa.\nThe area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic people living north of the Douro River during the last millennium BC. Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC, and was made a Roman province in the 3rd century AD. In 410, the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga; this kingdom was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585. In 711, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Iberian Peninsula conquering the Visigoth kingdom of Hispania by 718, but soon Galicia was incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Asturias by 740. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Gal",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which year did the tribes associated with the Michelsberg culture launch their invasion on the Roman Empire? | [
{
"id": 203955,
"question": "Michelsberg culture >> located on terrain feature",
"answer": "Central Europe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 25719,
"question": "At the end of which year did #1 tribes invade the Roman Empire?",
"answer": "406",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 406 | [] | true | At the end of which year did the tribes from where the Michelsberg culture is from invade the Roman Empire? |
3hop1__140345_2053_5289 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\"In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Law of the Plainsman",
"paragraph_text": " with The Rifleman, this series was produced by Four Star Productions in association with Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions.\nLaw of the Plainsman is distinctive in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold move for U.S. network television at that time. Ansara had earlier appeared in the series Broken Arrow, having portrayed the Apache chief, Cochise. Ansara, however, was not Native American but of Lebanese descent.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAnsara played Sam Buckhart, an Apache Indian who saved the life of a U.S. Cavalry officer after an Indian ambush. When the officer later died, he left Sam money that was used for an education at private schools and Harvard University. After school, he returned to New Mexico where he became a deputy marshal working for Marshal Andy Morrison. He lived in a boarding house run by Martha Commager. Other continuing characters include 8-year old Tess Logan, an orphan who had been rescued by Buckhart, and a second Deputy Marshal, Billy Lordan.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nMichael Ansara as Deputy Marshal Sam Buckhart\n\n\n=== Recurring ===\nGina Gillespie as Tess Wilkins (15 episodes)\nDayton Lummis as Marshal Andy Morrison (9 episodes)\nNora Marlowe as Martha Commager (7 episodes)\nRobert Harland as Deputy Billy Lordan (7 episodes)\nWayne Rogers as Deputy Billy Lordan (3 episodes)\n\n\n=== Guest cast ===\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\n\n\n=== Filming ===\nThe series was produced by Four Star Television and was filmed at CBS Studio Center.\n\n\n=== Syndication as The Westerners ===\nThe show only lasted one season. For syndicated reruns it was grouped with three other short-lived Western series from the same company, Black Saddle starring Peter Breck, Johnny Ringo starring Don Durant and Sam Peckinpah's critically acclaimed creation, The Westerner starring Brian Keith, under the umbrella title The Westerners, with new introductions and wrap-ups by Keenan Wynn.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\nLaw of the Plainsman is a Western television series starring Michael Ansara that aired on the NBC television network from October 1, 1959, until May 5, 1960.LLaw of the Plainsman is a Western television series starring Michael Ansara that aired on the NBC television network from October 1, 1959, until May 5, 1960. Native American U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart was introduced in two episodes (\"The Indian\" and \"The Raid\") of the popular ABC Western television series The Rifleman starring Chuck Connors. As with The Rifleman, this series was produced by Four Star Productions in association with Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions.\nLaw of the Plainsman is distinctive in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold move for U.S. network television at that time. Ansara had earlier appeared in the series Broken Arrow, having portrayed the Apache chief, Cochise. Ansara, however,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituentThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which tag was acquired by the firm that, together with ABC and the network that presented Law of the Plainsman, forms the other principal broadcasting entity situated in New York? | [
{
"id": 140345,
"question": "What was the station that aired Law of the Plainsman?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 5289,
"question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?",
"answer": "Oriole Records.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Oriole Records. | [
"Oriole Records"
] | true | What label was bought by the company which, along with ABC and the network which aired Law of the Plainsman, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
2hop__35137_22899 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_text": "Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan, although this is not universally agreed upon. His father worked in the government of Samanid in the village Kharmasain, a Sunni regional power. After five years, his younger brother, Mahmoud, was born. Avicenna first began to learn the Quran and literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had essentially learned all of them. works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.\n\n\n== Name ==\nAvicenna is a Latin corruption of the Arabic patronym Ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا), meaning \"Son of Sina\". However, Avicenna was not the son but the great-great-grandson of a man named Sina. His formal Arabic name was Abū ��Alī al-���usayn bin ��Abdullāh ibn al-���asan bin ��Alī bin Sīnā al-Balkhi al-Bukhari (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).\n\n\n== Circumstances ==\nAvicenna created anAvicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا, romanized: Ibn Sīnā; c.��980 – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Muslim Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.\nHis most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, and works of poetry.\nAvicenna wrote most of his philosophical and scientific works in Arabic, but also wrote several key works in Persian, while his poetic works were written in both languages",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second,Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as 1912 to encompass the influence of perceived pan-Islamic propaganda. The Times described Pan-Islamism as a movement with power, importance, and cohesion born in Paris, where Turks, Arabs and Persians congregated. The correspondent's focus was on India: it would take too long to consider the progress made in various parts of the Muslim world. The article considered the position of the Amir, the effect of the Tripoli Campaign, Anglo-Russian action in Persia, and \"Afghan Ambitions\".\nIn a modern geopolitical sense, the terms 'Muslim world' and 'Islamic world' refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. Some scholars and commentators have criticised the term 'Muslim/Islamic world' and its derivative terms 'Muslim/Islamic country' as \"simplistic\" and \"binary\", since no state has a religiously homogeneous population (e.g. Egypt's citizens are c. 10% Christians), and in absolute numbers, there are sometimes fewer Muslims living in countries in which they make up the majority than in countries in which they form a minority. Hence, the term 'Muslim-majority countries' is often preferred in literature.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe history of the Islamic faith as a religion and social institution begins with its inception around 610 CE, when the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a native of Mecca, is believed by Muslims to have received the first revelation of the Quran, and began to preach his message. In 622 CE, facing opposition in Mecca, he and his followers migrated to Yathrib (now Medina), where he was invited to establish a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | At what age did the author of The Canon of Medicine memorize the entire Quran? | [
{
"id": 35137,
"question": "Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?",
"answer": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 22899,
"question": "By what age had #1 learned the entire Quran?",
"answer": "ten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | ten | [
"Ten"
] | true | What age did the writer of The Canon of Medicine learn the entire quran? |
4hop1__152562_5274_458768_33632 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony",
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\nThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who campSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Vilaiyaadu Mankatha",
"paragraph_text": " that month, Venkat Prabhu made an announcement via Twitter, disclosing that the soundtrack album would consist of nine tracks, including one promotional track, one theme music track and one club mix, further adding that six songs had been composed and three out of them recorded already. The remaining songs were recorded from mid-June only, with Yuvan Shankar Raja informing the following month, that he had scrapped one of the songs, since he was not satisfied with its tune, and composed a new song, starting from scratch.\nReports in July 2011 revealed that the album would feature two more duets; \"Nee Naan\", which was sung by S. P. B. Charan and Yuvan Shankar Raja's sister, Bhavatharini, while Madhushree and Yuvan Shankar himself had sung the other one titled \"Nanbane\". The song \"Nee Naan\" was revealed to be the replacement for the scrapped song, which Yuvan Shankar Raja had composed within ten minutes of time, with the composer going to pick that song as his favorite from the album. Karthik and Vijay Yesudas had performed another song in the album, titled \"Balle Lakka\", which also features vocals of Anusha Dhayanidhi, wife of producer Dayanidhi Azhagiri, debuting as a playback singer. She was persuaded into playback singing by Venkat Prabhu who had seen her performing on her wedding reception and was impressed by her voice. The planned promotional track was excluded from the album in last minute. Earlier reports suggesting that one of the song would feature Yuvan Shankar along with his father Ilaiyaraaja'sFour songs were included as bonus tracks to the single release of \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", all of which were part of earlier soundtracks by Yuvan Shankar Raja and were marketed by Sony Music Entertainment. The four songs - \"Dia Dia Dole\" performed by Suchitra for the film \"Avan Ivan\", \"Goa\" from the same-titled film featuring vocals by Krish, Ranjith, Tanvi Shah, Suchitra, Chynk Showtyme and Pav Bundy, \"Yogi Yogi Thaan\" from \"Yogi\" sung by Blaaze and Neha Bhasin and the title track from \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" rendered by Andrea Jeremiah, Tanvi Shah, Vinaitha and Ranjith - were added in their original composition without any variation. 2010, during Navratri, Yuvan Shankar Raja started composing the first tunes for the film. The \"introduction song\" of Ajith Kumar, \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", for which he had taken \"special care\", and the item number song \"Machi Open The Bottle...\", labelled as a \"mass song\", were recorded first. In March 2011, sources claimed that a song titled \"Vaada Bin Lada\" was recorded with Krish and Suchitra, which was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | On what date does the feast take place in the city that is home to the only music corporation larger than the record company of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha? | [
{
"id": 152562,
"question": "What was the record label of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
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{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 33632,
"question": "What day is the #3 Feast held on?",
"answer": "May 4",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | May 4 | [] | true | What day is the feast held, in the city that holds the headquarters of the only music company that is larger than the record label of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha? |
2hop__335899_124498 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Qui de nous deux",
"paragraph_text": "La Corde sensible\nJe me démasque\nC'est pas ta faute\nGimmick\nLe Radeau\nPsyko bug\nPeau deQui de nous deux ? (2003) is an album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-. It is his third full studio album, or the fourth if including the instrumental work Labo M which he had released earlier the same year. The title of the album and its best known track means 'Which of Us Two' reflecting the ongoing contrast between Chedid's real persona and that of his invented character -M-. The album's liner notes explain that the love discussed in that song are for the pink guitar that features on both the album cover and the surreal music video that accompanied the song. The pink guitar had been specially created to celebrate the birth of Chedid's daughter Billie in 2002.QQui de nous deux ? (2003) is an album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-. It is his third full studio album, or the fourth if including the instrumental work Labo M which he had released earlier the same year. The title of the album and its best known track means 'Which of Us Two' reflecting the ongoing contrast between Chedid's real persona and that of his invented character -M-. The album's liner notes explain that the love discussed in that song are for the pink guitar that features on both the album cover and the surreal music video that accompanied the song. The pink guitar had been specially created to celebrate the birth of Chedid's daughter Billie in 2002.Stylistically the music on this album remains as eclectic as in Chedid's earlier works, albeit with an overall softer edge.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe album was a major hit in France, entering the French charts at number 1 and spending over 22 months in the French top 100. It was released in 2004 in Canada where Amazon.ca listed it as one of the best albums of 2004.\nThe French edition of Rolling Stone magazine named this album the 97th greatest French rock album (out of 100).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nMon égo\nLa Bonne Étoile\nSous ta peau\nÀ tes souhaits\nQui de nous deux\nMa mélodie\nQuand je vais chez elle\nLa Corde sensible\nJe me démasque\nC'est pas ta faute\nGimmick\nLe Radeau\nPsyko bug\nPeau deQui de nous deux ? (2003) is an album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-. It is his third full studio album, or the fourth if including the instrumental work Labo M which he had released earlier the same year. The title of the album and its best known track means 'Which of Us Two' reflecting the ongoing contrast between Chedid's real persona and that of his invented character -M-. The album's liner notes explain that the love discussed in that song are for the pink guitar that features on both the album cover and the surreal music video that accompanied the song. The pink guitar had been specially created to celebrate the birth of Chedid's daughter Billie in 2002.Qui de nous deux ? (2003) is an album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Matthieu Chedid",
"paragraph_text": " Lamomali. Since 2018, he has been the most awarded artist at the Victoires de la Musique Awards with 13 awards, tied with Alain Bashung.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMatthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. His father Louis Chedid is a singer from a family of Lebanese extraction, of Maronite and Greek Orthodox Christian background. Louis Chedid's mother Andrée (née Saab) was an Egyptian-born French writer and poet, who has written lyrics for Matthieu Chedid's songs. Matthieu Chedid's sisters are the music video and concert director Émilie Chedid (born in 1970) and French singer Anna Chedid (born in 1987), also known by her stage name Nach. His brother Joseph \"Selim\" Chedid (born in 1986) is also a French singer and a guitar and drums player.\nChedid took an interest in music early on. In 1978, at the age of six, Chedid lent his voice to the chorus of his father's hit song T'as beau pas être beau alongside older sister, Émilie. During his teenage years and early twenties, Chedid was part of short-lasting groups such as Tam Tam , Les Bébés fous and Les Poissons Rouges with Mathieu Boogaerts, as well as Julien Voulzy and Pierre Souchon (respectively the sons of singers Laurent Voulzy and Alain Souchon) who went on to form the duo Les Cherche Midi.\nHe has collaborated with a number of artists, both on stage and in the recording studio. Early into his solo career, ChedMatthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France, the son of French singer Louis Chedid, and the grandson of the Egyptian-born French writer and poet of Lebanese descent Andrée Chedid who has written lyrics for him. His sister is the music video and concert director Émilie Chedid. Nouvelle Chanson, electronic and rock music. In studio, he experiments with various instruments and electronic music, while on tour as -M- he mostly plays the guitar, and is known for his eccentric outfits and dramatic live performances, sometimes including special effects.\nChedid has also performed in the 2005 stage musical Le soldat rose and is part of French-Malian band Lamomali. Since 2018, he has been the most awarded artist at the Victoires de la Musique Awards with 13 awards, tied with Alain Bashung.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMatthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. His father Louis Chedid is a singer from a family of Lebanese extraction, of Maronite and Greek Orthodox Christian background. Louis Chedid's mother Andrée (née Saab) was an Egyptian-born French writer and poet, who has written lyrics for Matthieu Chedid's songs. Matthieu Chedid's sisters are the music video and concert director Émilie Chedid (born in 1970) and French singer Anna Chedid (born in 1987), also known by her stage name Nach. His brother Joseph \"Selim\" Chedid (born in 1986) is also a French singer and a guitar and drums player.\nChedid took an interest in music early on. In 1978, at the age of six, Chedid lent his voice to the chorus of his father's hit song T'as beau pas être beau alongside older sister, Émilie. During his teenage years and early twenties, Chedid was part of short-lasting groups such as Tam Tam , Les Bébés fous and Les Poissons Rouges with Mathieu Boogaerts, as well as Julien Voulzy and Pierre Souchon (respectively the sons of singers Laurent Voulzy and Alain Souchon) who went on to form the duo Les Cherche Midi.\nHe has collaborated with a number of artists, both on stage and in the recording studio. Early into his solo career, Chedid was the opening act for Texas concerts. He has recorded with NTM, Sinclair, Billy Ze Kick, Brigitte Fontaine, Sean Lennon, Vanessa Paradis, and Johnny Hallyday.\nUntil 2008, Chedid was in a relationship with French actress Audrey Tautou.\n\n\n=== -M- ===\nChedid performs and records under the stage name -M-. Chedid created -M- as means of overcoming his shyness on stage and also as a way of distancing his work from that of his father and grandmother. The pseudonym comes from Chedid's first initial but also refers to the similar-sounding French word aime, meaning love. The character -M- is a superhero, noted for having a playful nature, and recognized for his flamboyant costumes (primarily monochrome suitsMatthieu Chedid was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal parent of the artist who sings Qui de nous deux? | [
{
"id": 335899,
"question": "Qui de nous deux >> performer",
"answer": "Matthieu Chedid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 124498,
"question": "The father of #1 is whom?",
"answer": "Louis Chedid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Louis Chedid | [] | true | Who is the father of the performer of Qui de noux deux? |
2hop__88406_83289 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)",
"paragraph_text": " bombing and their families. Overall, the song reached a top-ten peak in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and the top-twenty of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and the United States.\n\n\n== Background and release ==\n\n\"One Last Time\" was written by the songwriting team Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, with Dutch producer Giorgio Tuinfort and French disc jockey David Guetta. Kotecha had already previously collaborated with Grande when producing the first, second, third and fourth single from My Everything. Guetta was working on his album Listen, and while making the album he chose to give \"One Last Time\" to Grande, since \"[he] had like 120 songs and [was] trying to make an album that ma[de] sense because some of the songs can be great, but that doesn’t mean that they would fit together. [\"One Last Time\" is] one example,\" he claimed. \"One Last Time\" was strongly considered to be My Everything's lead-single, according to Republic Records' executive vice president Charlie Walk, however \"Problem\" was chosen instead, being the song that best \"set the tone for the project\". Later, \"\"Break Free\" felt like summer,\" Walk claimed, while \"Bang Bang\" helped usher in Jessie J's album Sweet Talker, and \"fall/winter felt like the best time for \"Love Me Harder\", since it's a heavier, darker record,\" he added.\nBefore being released as an official single, \"One Last Time\" was released for free via iTunes Stores as the album's second promotional single on August 22, 2014, following \"Best Mistake\", which was released on August 12, 2014. Ultimately, \"One Last Time\" was released as the album's fifth and final single, being serviced to rhythmic crossover and contemporary hit radio stations on February 10, 2015, in the US. The song was also released in French as a duet with French singer Kendji Girac, winner of the third season of The Voice: la plus belle voix. The version titled \"Attends-moi\" (Wait for Me) was released in Belgium, France and Switzerland on February 16, 2015. It is included on the deluxe version of his debut studio album Kendji (2015). According to Girac, the duet was arranged by his artistic director, since he and Grande share the same music corporation, Universal Music Group. On May 26, 2015, an Italian version of the song featuring Italian rapper Fedez was released in Italy.\nThe song was re-released in June 2017 as a charity single, with proceeds being donated to the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund.\n\n\n== Composition ==\n\nThe song was produced by Falk and Yacoub, co-produced by Tuinfort and Ilya, with vocal production being done by Ilya, Kotecha and Yacoub. \"One Last Time\" is a dance-pop and EDM song, with a total length of three minutes and seventeen seconds (3:17). Its instrumentations consist in \"pummeling drums and a three-note synth line\". \"One Last Time\" is written in the key of A-flat major, with a moderately fast tempo of 125 beats per minute. Grande's vocals range from A��3 to F5. Lyrically, the song describes a female protagonist who asks her former lover to spend one last time with her, even though they have already moved on from her and is with someone new. As noted by Jason Lipshut of Billboard, \"the downbeat admission of 'I know/that you got everything/But I got nothing here without you' is the pained sound of a narrator racked with guilt, the chorus sets aside that humiliation and scoops up a sense of hope,\" with the singer pleading, \"One last time/I need to be the one who takes you home/One more time/I promise after that, I'll let you go\". Rob Copsey of The Official Charts Company noted that the song \" reminded him of Swedish's recording artist, Loreen's 2012 Eurovision winning song \"Euphoria\".\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"One Last Time\" received highly positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic picked the song as one of the album's highlights, while Jason Lipshut of Billboard praised the track for \"demonstrat[ing] Grande's newfound maturity and ambition\". Rob Copsey wrote for the Official Charts Company that 'One Last Time' \"suits her better than you’d think, [with] the singer reign[ing] in her powerful pipes on this breezy and wistful club track\". while Anne Zaleski of The A.V. Club thought the song \"channels a more powerful version of On the 6-era Jennifer Lopez,\" also calling it an \"electronica-dusted [song]\". AXS's Lucas Villa praised her performance for \"exud[ing] sincerity and grace\" and added that \"[t]his baby-come-back tune showcases a softer side to the singer that highlights her dulcet vocals.\" FDRMX writer John Mychal Feraren gave \"One Last Time\" a rating of 4.2 out of 5 stars, calling it \"an excellent addition to her list of hit songs\" and claiming that \"its astounding musical production is effortlessly matched by [the] singer's sultry voice [...] transform[ing] an empty song into a masterpiece.\" PPcorn.com described the song as \"an excellent addition to her list of hit songs\", declaring: \"after the lyrical ambivalence of 'Love Me Harder', here comes a song that actually means something. It's about admitting your shortcomings in a previous relationship, and trying to make up for it. However, doesn't it sound a bit pathetic when your ex-lover tells you, 'Need to be the one who takes you home / One more time / I promise after that, I'll let you go.'\"\nMikael Wood, while reviewing the album for Los Angeles Times, called it a \"delight [with] surging dance beats,\" while Digital Spy's Lewis Corner named it a \"restrained sibling\" of \"Break Free\", having \"speckles of electronica to save it from falling into dwindling balladry\". Jean-Luc Marsh of Pretty Much Amazing noted that the \"otherworldly notes that Grande hits on 'One Last Time' and 'Why Try' remain standouts several listens through\". Similarly, The National's Adam Workman claimed Grande is \"far more effective when she leaves the musical school of 'why sing one note when you can stretch it out for several bars across three different octaves?',\" citing the \"lower-key\" song as an example. Kathy Iandoli from Idolator labeled it \".. smooth yet eerily resemble when an adult contemporary artist attempts dance music...\" Nick Levine of Time Out concluded that the song \"serves club pop with a side of melancholy\". In contrast, Evan Sawdey of PopMatters observed that the song \"strikes all the dance-pop and EDM-lite poses it needs to without leaving any significant impression afterwards\". The Guardian and Rolling Stone both ranked the song number six on their lists of the greatest Ariana Grande songs.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nAfter being released as a promotional single for the parent album in August 2014, \"One Last Time\" initially debuted at number 11 on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, before officially debuting on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 80 on the week of February 28, 2015. The song jumped to number 34 the following week, while staying behind Grande's \"Love Me Harder\". It later climbed to number 18, becoming Grande's fifth consecutive top-twenty single from the same album and sixth overall. The song eventually peaked at number 13, on the week of May 2, 2015, becoming Grande's first radio promoted song from My Everything to not enter the top ten in the country, effectively ending Grande's streak of consecutive top ten hits from 2014. On the Mainstream Top 40 chart, the song peaked at number six, also becoming her fifth top ten single on the Pop charts. As of June 2020, \"One Last Time\" had sold 918,000 digital units in the US, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. Similar to the US, the song has also become her fifth consecutive top-twenty single in Canada, peaking at number 12.\nIn Australia, \"One Last Time\" debuted on the ARIA Charts on the week of March 8, 2015 at number 27 and went on to reach a peak of number 15 on April 5, 2015, becoming her fifth top-twenty single there. Meanwhile, in New Zealand the song debuted at number 32, and a week later it peaked at number 22. It was higher than her previous single, \"Love Me Harder\", which peaked at number 28, and promotional single \"Best Mistake\", which chartThe music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''.\"The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''. Hot 100. The single's peak of number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ended Grande's streak of consecutive top ten hits from ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "No Tears Left to Cry",
"paragraph_text": ", Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as the top ten in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Spain, and Sweden.``No Tears Left to Cry ''is a song by American singer Ariana Grande from her upcoming fourth studio album, Sweetener. Written by Grande, Savan Kotecha and its producers Max Martin and Ilya, it was released by Republic Records as the album's lead single on April 20, 2018, alongside its music video. Commercially, the song has topped the charts in Australia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Malaysia, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Singapore, and Slovakia and reached the top five in Austria, Canada, Germany, Finland, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as the top ten in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. top five in Austria, Canada, Germany, Finland, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States,``No Tears Left to Cry ''is a song by American singer Ariana Grande from her upcoming fourth studio album, Sweetener. Written by Grande, Savan Kotecha and its producers Max Martin and Ilya, it was released by Republic Records as the album's lead single on April 20, 2018, alongside its music video. Commercially, the song",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the music video for "One Last Time", who is the co-star with the person who wrote "No Tears Left to Cry"? | [
{
"id": 88406,
"question": "who wrote no more tears left to cry",
"answer": "Ariana Grande",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 83289,
"question": "#1 one last time guy in video",
"answer": "Matt Bennett",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Matt Bennett | [] | true | Who stars alongside the songwriter of "No Tears Left to Cry" in the music video for "one last time"? |
4hop1__277409_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, andAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of",
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},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Joseph Strickland",
"paragraph_text": " 1, 1985, for the Diocese of Dallas. His first assignment was to Immaculate Conception Parish in Tyler, Texas. Upon the creation of the Diocese of Tyler in 1987, Strickland was incardinated in, or transferred into, the new diocese and was named its first vocation director in March 1987 by Bishop Charles Herzig. Strickland's service also included periods at Sacred Heart Parish in Nacogdoches, Texas and St. Michael Parish in Mt. Pleasant, Texas.\nIn 1992, Strickland was assigned by Bishop Edmond Carmody to study canon law at Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he earned a Licentiate of Canon Law in 1994. Returning to Texas, Strickland was named judicial vicar of the diocese and rector of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. In 1995, he was named a prelate of honor with the title of monsignor by Pope John Paul IIJoseph Edward Strickland (born October 31, 1958) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. Known affectionately by many of his longtime parishioners as Bishop Joe, since his consecration on November 28, 2012, he has been the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler.JJoseph Edward Strickland (born October 31, 1958) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. Known affectionately by many of his longtime parishioners as Bishop Joe, since his consecration on November 28, 2012, he has been the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler.burg, Texas. As a young child, his family moved to Atlanta, Texas, where his parents were founding members of St. Catherine of Siena",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "ception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in hisDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": "Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brand",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which German region did the German priest, who advocated for a reformation of Joseph Strickland's faith, deliver a sermon on devotion to Mary shortly before his passing? | [
{
"id": 277409,
"question": "Joseph Strickland >> religion",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | The German priest, who wanted Joseph Strickland's religious denomination to reform, preached a sermon on Marian devotion soon before his death in what German state? |
2hop__581084_828685 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor",
"paragraph_text": " which was owned at the time by commodities trader Marc Rich. The union used a strategy of in-depth financial and corporate research, community organizing, coalition-building and a multinational trade union pressure campaign that united workers in West Virginia with trade unionists in Eastern and Western Europe and Latin America. Ultimately, the steel workers were able to compel the company to recognize their union and agree to a collective bargaining agreement which included a union security clause, which the company had long refused to grant.\nThe book is often used as a case study that identifies a \"comprehensive corporate campaign\" model for labor union organizing.\n\n\n== Publishing information ==\nJuravich, Tom and Bronfenbrenner, Kate. Ravenswood: The Steelworkers’ Victory and the Revival of American Labor. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press/ILR Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8014-8666-1Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor is a labor history book by Tom Juravich and Kate Bronfenbrenner.\nRavenswood chronicles the story of the United Steelworkers' two-year lockout (1991–1992) at the Ravenswood Aluminum plant in West Virginia, which was owned at the time by commodities trader Marc Rich. The union used a strategy of in-depth financial and corporate research, community organizing, coalition-building and a multinational trade union pressure campaign that united workers in West Virginia with trade unionists in Eastern and Western Europe and Latin America. Ultimately, the steel workers were able to compel the company to recognize their union and agree to a collective bargaining agreement which included a union security clause, which the company had long refused to grant.\nThe bookRavenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor is a labor history book by Kate Bronfenbrenner and Tom Juravich.RRavenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor is a labor history book by Kate Bronfenbrenner and Tom Juravich.Ravenswood chronicles the story of the United Steelworkers' two-year lockout (1991–1992) at the Ravenswood Aluminum plant in West Virginia, which was owned at the time by commodities trader Marc Rich. The union used a strategy of in-depth financial and corporate research, community organizing, coalition-building and a multinational trade union pressure campaign that united workers in West Virginia with trade unionists in Eastern and Western Europe and Latin America. Ultimately, the steel workers were able to compel the company to recognize their union and agree to a collective bargaining agreement which included a union security clause, which the company had long refused to grant.\nThe book is often used as a case study that identifies a \"comprehensive corporate campaign\" model for labor union organizing.\n\n\n== Publishing information ==\nJuravich, Tom and Bronfenbrenner, Kate. Ravenswood: The Steelworkers’ Victory and the Revival of American Labor. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press/ILR Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8014-8666-1Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor is a labor history book by Tom Juravich and Kate Bronfenbrenner.\nRavenswood chronicles the story of the United Steelworkers' two-year lockout (1991–1992) at the Ravenswood Aluminum plant in West Virginia, which was owned at the time by commodities trader Marc Rich. The union used a strategy of in-depth financial and corporate research, community organizing, coalition-building and a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kate Bronfenbrenner",
"paragraph_text": " and earned her doctorate from Cornell in 1993.\n\n\n== Career ==\nAfter earning her undergraduate degree, Bronfenbrenner worked as a welfare rights coordinator for the Fremont Public Association (a nonprofit human services delivery group) in Seattle from 1978 to 1979.\nShe worked as a union organizer for the United Woodcutters Association in Mississippi from 1980 to 1981, and as a union field representative providing collective bargaining and contract administration for SEIU Local 285 (now part of 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East) in Boston from 1981 to 1986.\nHer experience in the labor movement led her to seek a doctorate in labor studies at Cornell. She was appointed an adjunct instructor at Cornell's ILR Extension Division, teaching from 1986 to 1991. While writing her dissertation, Bronfenbrenner was appointed an assistant professor and Labor Education Coordinator in the Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations at Penn State University in 1991.\nUpon receipt of her Ph.D. in 1993, Bronfenbrenner left Penn State and was appointed director of labor education research at the Cornell ILR School in 1993.\n\n\n== Research focus ==\nBronfenbrenner is a highly regardedKate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights.KKate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights. rights.\n\n\n== Life and education ==\nKate Bronfenbrenner was born in Ithaca, New York, in 1954. Her father was the noted developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner.\nBronfenbrenner obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University in 1976, and earned her doctorate from Cornell in 1993.\n\n\n== Career ==\nAfter earning her undergraduate degree, Bronfenbrenner worked as a welfare rights coordinator for the Fremont Public Association (a nonprofit human services delivery group) in Seattle from 1978 to 1979.\nShe worked as a union organizer for the United Woodcutters Association in Mississippi from 1980 to 1981, and as a union field representative providing collective bargaining and contract administration for SEIU Local 285 (now part of 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East) in Boston from 1981 to 1986.\nHer experience in the labor movement led her to seek a doctorate in labor studies at Cornell. She was appointed an adjunct instructor at Cornell's ILR Extension Division, teaching from 1986 to 1991. While writing her dissertation, Bronfenbrenner was appointed an assistant professor and Labor Education Coordinator in the Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations at Penn State University in 1991.\nUpon receipt of her Ph.D. in 1993, Bronfenbrenner left Penn State and was appointed director of labor education research at the Cornell ILR School in 1993.\n\n\n== Research focus ==\nBronfenbrenner is a highly regardedKate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights.Kate Bronfenbrenner (born March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights.\n\n\n== Life and education ==\nKate Bronfenbrenner was born in Ithaca, New York, in 1954. Her father was the noted developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner.\nBronfenbrenner obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University in 1976, and earned her doctorate from Cornell in 1993.\n\n\n== Career ==\nAfter earning her undergraduate degree, Bronfenbrenner worked as a welfare rights coordinator for the Fremont Public Association (a nonprofit human services delivery group) in Seattle from 1978 to 1979.\nShe worked as a union organizer for the United Woodcutters Association in Mississippi from 1980 to 1981, and as a union field representative providing collective bargaining and contract administration for SEIU Local 285 (now part of 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East) in Boston from 1981 to 1986.\nHer experience in the labor movement led her to seek a doctorate in labor studies at Cornell. She was appointed an adjunct instructor at Cornell's ILR Extension Division, teaching from 1986 to 1991. While writing her dissertation, Bronfenbrenner was appointed an assistant professor and Labor Education Coordinator in the Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations at Penn State University in 1991.\nUpon receipt of her Ph.D. in 1993, Bronfenbrenner left Penn State and was appointed director of labor education research at the Cornell ILR School in 1993.\n\n\n== Research focus ==\nBronfenb",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the employer of the person who wrote "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor"? | [
{
"id": 581084,
"question": "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor >> author",
"answer": "Kate Bronfenbrenner",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 828685,
"question": "#1 >> employer",
"answer": "Cornell University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Cornell University | [
"Cornell"
] | true | Who employs the author of "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor"? |
3hop1__768500_730460_78782 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Battle of New Orleans",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson, roughly 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the French Quarter of New Orleans, in the current suburb of Chalmette, Louisiana. \nThe battle was the climax of the five-month Gulf Campaign (September 1814 to February 1815) by Britain to try to take New Orleans, West Florida, and possibly Louisiana Territory which began at the First Battle of Fort Bowyer. Britain started the New Orleans campaign on December 14, 1814, at the Battle of Lake Borgne and numerous skirmishes and artillery duels happened in the weeks leading up to the final battle.\nThe battle took place 15 days after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which formally ended the War of 1812, on December 24, 1814, though it would not be ratified by the United States (and therefore did not take effect) until February 16, 1815, as news of the agreement had not yet reached the United States from Europe. Despite a British advantage in numbers, training, and experience, the American forces defeated a poorly executed assault in slightly more than 30 minutes. The Americans suffered 71 casualties, while the British suffered over 2,000, including the deaths of the commanding general, Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and his second-in-command, Major General Samuel Gibbs.\n\n\n== Background ==\nIn August 1814, Britain and the United States began negotiations to end the War of 1812. However, British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Henry Bathurst issued Pakenham's secret orders on October 24, 1814, commanding him to continue the war even if he heard rumors of peace. Bathurst expressed concern that the United States might not ratify a treaty and did not want Pakenham either to endanger his forces or miss an opportunity for victory. Prior to that, in August 1814, Vice Admiral Cochrane had convinced the Admiralty that a campaign against New Orleans would weaken American resolve against Canada and hasten a successful end to the war.\nThere was a major concern that the British and their Spanish allies wanted to reclaim the territories of the Louisiana Purchase because they did not recognize any land deals made by Napoleon (first the 1800 transfer of Louisiana from Spain to France and then the 1803–1804 transfer of Louisiana from France to the United States). This is why the British invaded New Orleans in the middle of the Treaty of Ghent negotiations. It has been theorized that if the British had won the Battle of New Orleans, they would have likely interpreted that all territories gained from the 1803 Louisiana Purchase would be void and not part of U.S. territory. It has been claimed that British military communications indicate that Great Britain intended to take and keep New Orleans, which would have halted the westward expansion of the United States. This is contradicted by the content of Bathurst's correspondence, and disputed by Latimer, with specific reference to correspondence from the Prime Minister to the Foreign Secretary dated December 23, 1814.\n\n\n== Opposing forces ==\n\n\n== Prelude ==\n\n\n=== Lake Borgne ===\n\nA fleet of British ships had anchored in the Gulf of Mexico to the east of Lake Pontchar",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Marshall Sehorn",
"paragraph_text": "iber and Stoller song \"Kansas City\" topped the US pop and R&B charts in 1959. The following year he secured another chart-topper for the Fire label, when he signed flamboyant New Orleans singer Bobby Marchan, who had a hit with \"There's Something on Your Mind\". He also discovered Lee Dorsey, pairing him with young songwriter and pianist Allen Toussaint, and helped secure hits for Gladys Knight & the Pips and Buster Brown. He ran sessions for the Fire and Fury labels in New Orleans, until the labels collapsed in 1963. He was credited as co-writer on many recordings including \"One Way Out\", which is usually credited to Sehorn and Elmore James.\nSehorn remained in New Orleans after the labels folded, and set up his own music publishing company, Rhinelander Music. He persuaded Toussaint to write new material for Lee Dorsey, which included \"Ride Your Pony\" and \"Working in the Coal Mine\", both of which became international hits. With Toussaint, he founded the Sansu record label, and signed singer Betty Harris. Harris' records for the label, including \"Nearer To You\", were among the first to feature the label's house band, who became The Meters. By the late 1960s, Sehorn and Toussaint had become \"the most influential music-makers in New Orleans\", and built the Sea-Saint Recording Studio in Gentilly. There they recorded such musicians as Dr. John, The Neville Brothers, and Labelle, whose \"Lady Marmalade\" was the studio's biggest hit. The studio also attracted Paul McCartney, whose 1975 Wings album Venus and Mars was largely recorded there.\n\n\n== Legal history ==\nMarshal Sehorn decided in the 1970s to get out of the actual producing and recording of music, and he entered into the licensing end of the business. He started multiple companies, including Blue Dog Express, Red Dog Express and White Dog Records by which he exploited the rights to music, some of which he did not own.\nHe attempted to acquire certain rights to the Chess Records catalogue but MCA Records exercised a superior claim to the titles in the Chess Records catalogue, and sued him for infringement in California. \"In an action brought by MCA, the Los Angeles Superior Court determined that Red Dog and its owner, Marshall Sehorn, never in fact had any rights to the Chess Masters.\" MCA Records pursued another infringer Charly Holdings, Inc. \nSehorn lost, and when he could not pay the judgment, he and his companies declared bankruptcy. The bankruptcy estate started a company called Gulf Coast Music to hold the titles to music in Sehorn's Express company catalogs. Gulf Coast Music then turned over titles of songs to artists like Betty Harris who had been denied royalties for decades by Sehorn. In bankruptcy, drummer Joseph Modeliste of The Meters sought to file a claim for assets of Sehorn's estate, but the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed that Modeliste filed his claims with the bankruptcy court too late.\nSehorn had been sued before over unpaid royalties by artists like the Shirelles and B.J. Thomas.\n\n\n== Death ==\nSehorn died in New Orleans of a respiratory disease in 2006, at the age of 72.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMarshall Sehorn discography at DiscogsMarshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – DecemberMarshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint.Marshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Toussaint (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Toussaint is a 1971 solo funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album and his first since the 1950s.Toussaint is a 1971 solo funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album and his first since the 1950s.Toussaint (also known as From a Whisper to a Scream in some editions) is a 1971 funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written and arranged by Allen Toussaint unless otherwise indicated.\n\n\"From a Whisper To a Scream\" – 3:27\n\"Chokin' Kind\" (Harlan Howard) – 3:23\n\"Number Nine\" – 3:37\n\"Either\" – 2:52\n\"Sweet Touch of Love\" – 3:20\n\"Working in a Coal Mine\" – 3:13\n\"Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky\" – 3:12\n\"Louie\" – 3:04\n\"What is Success\" – 3:34\n\"Pickles\" – 4:27\n\"Cast Your Fate to the Wind\" (Carel Rowe, Vince Guaraldi)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nAllen Toussaint – piano and vocal\nMac Rebennack – organ and guitar\nTerry Kellman – guitar\nEddie Hohner – bass\nFreddie Staehle – drums\nJohn Boudreaux – drums\nEd Greene – drums\nClyde Kerr - trumpet\nEarl Turbinton - alto saxophone\nFrederic Kemp - tenor saxophone\nMerry Clayton - backing vocals\nVenetta Fields - backing vocals\nDick Smith - artwork\n\n\n== References ==Toussaint (also known as From a Whisper to a Scream in some editions) is a 1971 funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written and arranged by Allen Toussaint unless otherwise indicated.\n\n\"From a Whisper To a Scream\" – 3:27\n\"Chokin' Kind\" (Harlan Howard) – 3:23\n\"Number Nine\" – 3:37\n\"Either\" – 2:52\n\"Sweet Touch of Love\" – 3:20\n\"Working in a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the UK general in the conflict that took place in the birth city of Toussaint's artist? | [
{
"id": 768500,
"question": "Toussaint >> performer",
"answer": "Allen Toussaint",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 730460,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 78782,
"question": "british general in the battle of #2",
"answer": "General Edward Pakenham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | General Edward Pakenham | [
"Edward Pakenham"
] | true | Who was the British general in the Battle of the city where Toussaint's performer was born? |
2hop__359312_18803 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Royal Dutch Shell",
"paragraph_text": "On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence. evaluating if they could alter operations to meet the targets of the Agreement. The British multinational Shell is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the world; its headquarters are in the United Kingdom since 2022. Shell is the ninth-largest corporate contributor to global pollution, producing about 2.5% of global emissions. As the Paris Agreement was being developed, Shell evaluated its businesses to determine what it could do to address emissions, but had stated in 2014 that it believed that the Paris targets were unattainable and did not plan to change its business model away from oil and gas. Following the signing of the Agreement, Shell issued a statement that it would address its CO2 emissions, releasing a plan that called for reductions of its carbon dioxide emissions by 30% by 2035, compared to 2016 levels, and by 65% by 2050. So far, in 2022 only 1,5 % of the investments of Shell are to be used for renewables (wind and solar power generation), and with current investment trends Shell's carbon emissions are expected to rise with 4% up to 2030 compared to 2019 levels\nIn order to safeguard the temperature limit set out in the Paris Agreement, global carbon emissions to decrease with 45% in 2030. Given the clear gap between Shell's plans and the targets of the Paris Agreement, seven environmental organisations foundations – Milieudefensie (the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth), Greenpeace, Fossielvrij, Waddenvereniging, Both ENDS, Jongeren Milieu Actief, and ActionAid – and 17,379 individual claimants in the Netherlands filed a class-action lawsuit against Shell in April 2019, arguing that Shell should change its business model to reach an emissions reduction target of 45% by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement. By failing to change, the plaintiffs argued, Shell had failed to uphold the unwritten duty of care laid down in Book 6 Section 162 of the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Dutch Civil Code) as well as articles 2 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Shell stated in response to the summons that it was doing its part to address climate change, and that \"What will accelerate the energy transition is effective policy, investment in technology and changing customer behaviour. None of which will be achieved with this court action. Addressing a challenge this big requires a collaborative and global approach.\"\nHearings at the district court at The Hague were held in December 2020. The plaintiffs were required under Dutch law to demonstrate that a viable alternative business model existed for Shell to achieve the suggested 45%",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "MV Miralda",
"paragraph_text": "ar, and continued to carry normal cargoes, although operating under Royal Navy control. Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel.\nThe British Ship Adoption Society, a Maritime Charity, was formed in the early part of the Second World War, with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme, amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail. the M.V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes, a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester.\nAfter the war, Miralda was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960. She was renamed Marisa in 1950.\n\n\n== References ==MV Miralda was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the Rapana class.\nMacoma was launched in July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam as an oil tanker. Her conversion to a MAC ship was completed in January 1944.\nAs a MAC ship, she had no aircraft hangar, and continued to carry normal cargoes, although operating under Royal Navy control. Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel.\nThe British Ship Adoption Society, a Maritime Charity, was formed in the early part of the Second World War, with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme, amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail. the M.V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes, a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester.\nAfter the war, Miralda was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960. She was renamed Marisa in 1950.\n\n\n== References ==MV Miralda was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the Rapana class.\nMacoma was launched in July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam as an oil tanker. Her conversion to a MAC shipMV \"Miralda\" was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the \"Rapana\" class.MMV \"Miralda\" was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the \"Rapana\" class. July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam as an oil tanker. Her conversion to a MAC ship was completed in January 1944.\nAs a MAC ship, she had no aircraft hangar, and continued to carry normal cargoes, although operating under Royal Navy control. Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel.\nThe British Ship Adoption Society, a Maritime Charity, was formed in the early part of the Second World War, with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme, amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail. the M.V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes, a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester.\nAfter the war, Miralda was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960. She was renamed Marisa in 1950.\n\n\n== References ==MV Miralda was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the Rapana class.\nMacoma was launched in July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam as an oil tanker. Her conversion to a MAC ship was completed in January 1944.\nAs a MAC ship, she had no aircraft hangar, and continued to carry normal cargoes, although operating under Royal Navy control. Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel.\nThe British Ship Adoption Society, a Maritime Charity, was formed in the early part of the Second World War, with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme, amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail. the M.V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes, a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester.\nAfter the war, Miralda was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960. She was renamed Marisa in 1950.\n\n\n== References ==MV Miralda was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What did the owner of MV Miralda declare they were undertaking in April 2010? | [
{
"id": 359312,
"question": "MV Miralda >> owned by",
"answer": "Shell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 18803,
"question": "#1 announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?",
"answer": "trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland | [
"FIN",
"fi",
"Finland"
] | true | MV Miralda's owner announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010? |
4hop1__151650_5274_458768_33633 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Desde El Principio",
"paragraph_text": "\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\". 2000s most notably the young Spanish rumba-rock duo Estopa to great success. Productionwise Desde El Principio marked a return to Azúcar Moreno's winning formula of the early 90s in that it mixed mainstream Latin pop with material from a wide variety of genres. Tracks like \"Sangre Española\", \"Me Quedo Contigo\" and \"Vamos a Dejarlo Así\" mainly featured drums, percussion and Spanish guitars, recorded live, while lead single \"Mi Ritmo\" was a typical Azúcar Moreno dance track with a more synthesized and contemporary urban sound. Just like 1991's Mambo the album also featured flamenco/dance covers of a number of pop classics like \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\", a hit for both Nina Simone and The Animals in the 60s and also turned into disco classic by Santa Esmeralda in 1977, the Neapolitan traditional \"¡Oh Sole Mío!\", also covered by Elvis Presley in English as \"It\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\".Desde El Principio is the twelfth studio album by Spanish duo Azúcar Moreno, released on Sony International in 2004.\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.Sony Music Entertainment (JapanSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tof",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The labelThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor ofSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | On what day did Gaspar arrive in the area that would become the base of the record label that is only surpassed in size by the one that contracted Desde El Principio? | [
{
"id": 151650,
"question": "What was the record label of Desde El Principio?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 33633,
"question": "What date did the explorer reach #3 ?",
"answer": "August 3, 1769",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | August 3, 1769 | [] | true | What date did Gaspar reach the region which would be the headquarters of the record label of which the only larger label is the one that signed Desde El Principio? |
3hop1__302383_503371_21711 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Martin of Aragon",
"paragraph_text": "Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.== Background ==\nMartin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.\nAs a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of BesalúMartin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.\n\n\n== Background ==\nMartin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.\nAs a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of Besalú. In Barcelona on 13 June 1372, Martin married María López de Luna (d. Villarreal, 20 December 1406",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Gothic architecture",
"paragraph_text": "rals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.\nWith the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style, but in some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century.\n\n\n== Name ==\n Medieval contemporaries described the style as Latin: opus Francigenum, lit.��'French work' or 'Frankish work', as opus modernum, 'modern work', novum opus, 'new work', or as Italian: maniera tedesca, lit.��'German style'.\nThe term \"Gothic architecture\" originated as a pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term \"barbarous German style\" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. When Vasari wrote, Italy had experienced a century of building in the Vitruvian architectural vocabulary of classical orders revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement. Thus the Gothic style, being in opposition to classical architecture, from that point of view was associated with the destruction of advancement and sophistication. The assumption that classical architecture was better than Gothic architecture was widespread and proved difficult to defeat. Vasari was echoed in theThe Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.ity.\nThe defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows.\nAt the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features. In doing so, a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass windows.\nCommon examples are found in Christian ecclesiastical architecture, and Gothic cathedrals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.\nWith the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Codo, Aragon",
"paragraph_text": "odo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.CodoCodo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.This town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants.\nThis town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of municipalities in Zaragoza\n\n\n== References ==Codo is a municipality located in the province",
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] | When was the Palau de la Generalitat built in the city where Martin, who hails from the region housing Codo, passed away? | [
{
"id": 302383,
"question": "Codo >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Aragon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 503371,
"question": "Martin of #1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 21711,
"question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat in #2 constructed?",
"answer": "built in the 15th century",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | built in the 15th century | [
"15th century"
] | true | When was the Palau de la Generalitat constructed in the city where Martin from the region where Codo is located died? |
2hop__81379_84616 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Moon River",
"paragraph_text": " at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his autobiography is called \"Moon River\" and Me. Williams' version was never released as a single, but it charted as an LP track that he recorded for Columbia on a hit album of 1962, Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes. In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress.\nThe song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time. The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs. Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons. Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, \"This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust. Or a romantic song in which the romantic partner is the idea of romance.\" An inlet near Savannah, Georgia, Johnny Mercer's hometown, was named Moon River in honor of him and this song.\n\n\n== Versions ==\n\n\n=== Original ===\nMercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and he connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul \"Fred\" Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, accompanying herself on the guitar while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.\nThere was an eruption of behind-the-scenes consternation when a Paramount Pictures executive, Martin Rackin, suggested removing the song from the film after a tepid Los Angeles preview. Hepburn's reaction was described by Mancini and others in degrees varying from her saying, \"Over my dead body!\" to her using more colorful language to make the same point.\nAn album version was recorded by Mancini and his orchestra and chorus (without Hepburn's vocal) on December 8, 1960. It was released as a single in 1961 and became a number 11 hit in December of that year. Due to unpublished charts in Billboard, Joel Whitburn's Top Adult (Contemporary) Songs variously reported the song as a number 3 or number 1 easy listening hit. Mancini's original version was also featured in the film Born on the Fourth of July (1989). In 1993, following Hepburn's death, her version was released on an album titled Music from the Films of Audrey Hepburn. In 2004, Hepburn's version finished at number 4 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.\n\n\n=== Early recordings ===\n\n\"Moon River\" was a hit single for Jerry Butler in late 1961. Released simultaneously with Mancini's, it reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 3 Easy Listening in December, two weeks before Mancini's recording reached the same chart ranking. British singer Danny Williams had a hit version of the song that reached number one in the UK in the final week of 1961.\nAlthough Andy Williams never released the song as a single, his LP Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes (1962), was certified gold in 1963 for selling one million units. The album reached number 3 on the Billboard Top 200, eventually selling more than two million copies by 1967. In 2002, a 74-year-old Andy Williams sang the song at the conclusion of the live NBC special telecast celebrating the network's 75th anniversary. In 2018, Andy Williams' version on Columbia Records was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2022, Andy Williams' recording of the song was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry.\n\n\n=== Chart history ===\nHenry Mancini & Orchestra\n\nJerry Butler\n\nDanny Williams\n\n\n== Later versions ==\nHundreds of versions of the song have been recorded and it has been featured in many media. Mercer recorded the song in 1974 for his album My Huckleberry Friend. In 2007, saxophonist Dave Koz recorded a version from his standards music album, At the Movies, sung by Barry Manilow. In 2013, Neil Finn and Paul Kelly performed the song on their Goin' Your Way Tour, during which their performance at the Sydney Opera House Concert Hall was recorded for the live album, Goin' Your Way, released the same year. The title of the album comes from a phrase in the song's chorus: \"Wherever you're goin', I'm goin' your way\". Lawrence Welk's 1961 instrumental version was featured in Mad Men season 6, episode 13, \"In Care Of\" (2013). A version of the song was featured in Asif Kapadia's documentary film, Amy (2015), about Amy Winehouse. Winehouse's version, sung at age 16 with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 2000, is the opening song in the film.\nThe Telegraph listed, among prominent covers of the song, those by Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Sarah Vaughan, Louis Armstrong, Sarah Brightman and Chevy Chase (in the comedy film Fletch). Other stars who have covered the song include Rod Stewart in Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V (2010), which charted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200, Barbra Streisand in The Movie Album (2003), a Grammy-nominated gold album, and Frank Ocean, who released a cover on Valentine's Day 2018 that debuted in the Top 10``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year.",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_text": "Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.8.\nPost-humously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award. Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards. She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best... lists.\n\n\n== EGOT ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\nThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry. Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic",
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] | What did the vocalist of the initial rendition of Moon River garner a Tony award for? | [
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"id": 81379,
"question": "who sang the original version of moon river",
"answer": "Audrey Hepburn",
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"id": 84616,
"question": "what did #1 won a tony for",
"answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
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] | for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine | [
"leading role",
"star",
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"lead"
] | true | For what did the singer of the original version of Moon River win a Tony award? |
3hop1__622497_160088_85460 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": " Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the TV series Family (1976–1980), Charlie's Angels (1976–1981), The Love Boat (1977–1986), Hart to Hart (1979–1984), Dynasty (1981–1989), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), Melrose Place (1992–1999), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). HeAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nSpelling was born in DallasAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Household income in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels.:��19��:��10�� According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the USOne key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $59,039 in 2016, a record high. This was the largest two year percentage increase on record. the US.\nA key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S. Census Bureau reports two median household income estimates based on data from two surveys: the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels.:��19��:��10�� According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch",
"paragraph_text": ", Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.TheThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.roadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television Western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany, and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982, and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nDonny Osmond ... Frank Isaacs\nLisa Whelchel ... Amy Cole\nPamela Bellwood ... Sarah\nPhyllis Davis ... Sugar Harris\nJeanette Nolan ... Gertrude\nPaul Brinegar ... Bodie\nDennis Fimple ... Lamont\nSusan Kellermann ... Betsy\nPaul Carr ... Confederate Captain\nRex Holman ... Lt. Pritchard\nRayford Barnes ... Russell\nSteve Hanks ... Lt. James\nTom Clark ... Matthew\nRobert Rymill ... Sam\nJerry J. Lewandowski ... Tommy\nScott Arthur Allen ... Tom Trombitas\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of television films produced for American Broadcasting Company\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch at IMDbThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television Western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany, and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982, and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ...",
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] | What's the typical earnings for an individual who shares the same nationality as the creator of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? | [
{
"id": 622497,
"question": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch >> producer",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 85460,
"question": "what is the average salary of a working #2",
"answer": "$59,039",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
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] | $59,039 | [] | true | What is the average salary of a working person with the same nationality as the producer of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? |
2hop__461639_83837 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Country Man",
"paragraph_text": " Stay Me a favorable review for its \"unapologetically country\" sound, described the song as a \"down-home romper\". AllMusic critic Thom Jurek referred to it as \"line-dance swagger\" that was \"calculating\" but \"execute[d] nearly flawlessly\".\nBrady Vercher of Engine 145, however, gave the song a \"thumbs down\" review, describing it as \"mindlessly list[ing] anything that could be superficially associated with being a country man\". He also thought that the song posed a risk of typecasting Bryan as \"the corporate manufactured country boy image\" by following so closely on his debut single \"All My Friends Say\". Michael Sudhalter of Country Standard Time also thought unfavorably of the song, describing it as being \"chock full of country clichés\", although he called it \"the only misstep\" on the album.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n=== Year-end charts ===\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Country Man\" lyrics at CMT.com\"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album I'll Stay Me. The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. His second top 10 single, it was the first in a streak of 29 consecutive top 10 singles for Bryan. This streak ended in 2022, when \"Up\" peaked at number 21. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a moderate up-tempo, accompanied by fiddle and guitar. Its lyrics focus the male narrator, who is describing himself to a female, trying to convince her that she does not need a \"city boy\", but rather a \"country man.\"\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nBillboard reviewer Ken Tucker, who gave I'll Stay Me a favorable review for its \"unapologetically country\" sound, described the song as a \"down-home romper\". AllMusic critic Thom Jurek referred to it as \"line-dance swagger\" that was \"calculating\" but \"execute[d] nearly flawlessly\".\nBrady Vercher of Engine 145, however, gave the song a \"thumbs down\" review, describing it as \"mindlessly list[ing] anything that could be superficially associated with being a country man\". He also thought that the song posed a risk of typecasting Bryan as \"the corporate manufactured country boy image\" by following so closely on his debut single \"All My Friends Say\". Michael Sudhalter of Country Standard Time also thought unfavorably of the song, describing it as being \"chock full of country clichés\", although he called it \"the only misstep\" on the album.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n=== Year-end charts ===\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Country Man\" lyrics at CMT.com\"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album I'll Stay Me. The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart\"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album \"I'll Stay Me\". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin.\"Country Man\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It originally appeared on his 2006 self-titled EP, and was released in March 2008 as the third single from his debut album \"I'll Stay Me\". The song, like Bryan's previous two singles (\"All My Friends Say\" and \"We Rode in Trucks\"), charted in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Bryan, Patrick Jason Matthews and Galen Griffin.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Home Alone Tonight",
"paragraph_text": "``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who collaborates on the song "Home Alone Tonight" with the artist known for "Country Man"? | [
{
"id": 461639,
"question": "Country Man >> performer",
"answer": "Luke Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 83837,
"question": "who sings home alone tonight with #1",
"answer": "Karen Fairchild",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Karen Fairchild | [] | true | Who sing "Home Alone Tonight" with the performer of "country Man"? |
4hop3__312119_132409_146285_35031 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Getting Away with Murder (song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Getting Away with Murder\" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's third album, \"Getting Away with Murder\". The song shows the band's new sound, the sound of the song is hard rock instead of their previous nu metal sound. The song also features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Roach's previous singles. The video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a Stock Exchange Hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)\" was featured in \"Gran Turismo 4\"; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words \"getting away\" instead of \"..with murder\". the political world (in the Middle East), or about these big, huge corporations who are so corrupt.\"\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a stock exchange hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory.\n\nIn the opening twenty seconds, all of the band members are shown as workers in the stock exchange.\n",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featuredPapa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, and Coast Guard Air Station San Diego.\nFrom north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico–U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County, which separated from it in 1907.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueno and Ipai/Tipai), Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Kuupangaxwichem (Cupeño), ��ívil��uqaletem (Cahuilla), and the Acjachemen (Juaneño) Indians and their local predecessors.\nInThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Alexander Golitzen",
"paragraph_text": "Prince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a Russian-born American production designer who oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies. movies.\nBorn in Moscow in the princely Golitsyn family, Alexander Golitzen fled the country with his parents during the Russian Revolution. Travelling via Siberia and China, they arrived in Seattle, where Alexander graduated from high school. He then attended the University of Washington, where he achieved a degree in architecture.\nHe started his art direction career in Los Angeles, as an assistant to Alexander Toluboff, an art director for MGM. He started working with Walter Wanger (a producer) in 1939 and they worked together for many movies. Starting in 1942, and continuing for the next 30 years, he became a unit art director, and later a supervising art director at Universal, overseeing dozens of productions.\nAlexander Gol",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where does the city where Alexander Golitzen passed away stand among the five biggest urban regions of the state that birthed the actor in Getting Away with Murder? | [
{
"id": 312119,
"question": "Getting Away with Murder >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 146285,
"question": "In what place did Alexander Golitzen die?",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | Among the top five largest urban areas in the state where Getting Away with Murder's performer was formed, where does city in which Alexander Golitzen died rank? |
4hop2__9988_729371_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Operation Praying Mantis",
"paragraph_text": "1987–88 effort to protect reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers from Iranian attacks during the Iran–Iraq War. The explosion pierced the hull and broke the keel of the Samuel B. Roberts, which nearly sank but was saved by its crew with no loss of life.\nAfter the serial numbers of mines recovered in the area were found to match those of mines seized on an Iranian barge the previous September, U.S. military officials planned a retaliatory operation against Iranian targets. The U.S. attack began on the morning of 18 April, and ultimately destroyed, damaged, or sank two Iranian oil platforms, three warships, several armed boats, and two fighter jets. U.S. losses were two U.S. Marine aviators who died when their helicopter crashed into the Gulf.\nThe attack pressured Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year Iran-Iraq War.\nLater, Iran sued the United States, claiming that the attacks had breached the countries' 1955 Treaty of Amity. On 6 November 2003, the International Court of Justice dismissed the claim but ruled that Operation Praying Mantis and the previous October's Operation Nimble Archer \"cannot be justified as measures necessary to protect the essential security interests of the United States of America.\"\nPraying Mantis was the largest of the U.S. Navy's five major surface engagements since World War II. It saw the U.S. Navy's first exchange of anti-ship missiles with opposing ships, and its only sinking of a major surface combatant since World War II.\n\n\n== Battle ==\n\nOn 18 April, the U.S. Navy attacked with several groups of surface warships, plus aircraft from the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, and her cruiser escort, USS Truxtun. The action began with coordinated strikes by two surface groups.\nOne surface action group, or SAG, consisting of the destroyers USS Merrill (including embarked LAMPS Mk I helicopter detachment HSL-35 Det 1 Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light 35) and USS Lynde McCormick, plus the amphibious transport dock USS Trenton and its embarked Marine air-ground task force (Contingency MAGTF 2-88 from Camp LeJeune, North Carolina) and the LAMPS helicopter detachment (HSL-44 Det 5) from USS Samuel B. Roberts, was ordered to destroy the guns and other military facilities on the Sassan oil platform. \nAt 8 am, the SAG commander, who was also the commander of Destroyer Squadron 9, ordered the Merrill to radio a warning to the occupants of the platform, telling them to abandon it. The SAG waited 20 minutes, then opened fire. The oil platform fired back with twin-barrelled 23 mmAccording to Bradley Peniston, the attack by the U.S. helped pressure Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year conflict between the Persian Gulf neighbors.OperationAccording to Bradley Peniston, the attack by the U.S. helped pressure Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year conflict between the Persian Gulf neighbors. four days earlier.\nOn 14 April, the American guided missile frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts struck a mine while transiting international waters as part of Operation Earnest Will, the 1987–88 effort to protect reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers from Iranian attacks during the Iran–Iraq War. The explosion pierced the hull",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to theSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Histor",
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},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly amongThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the establishment date of the region situated north of the former "Near East" and the site of Operation Earnest Will? | [
{
"id": 9988,
"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?",
"answer": "\"Middle East\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 729371,
"question": "Operation Earnest Will >> location",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of what used to be known as the "Near East" and the location of Operation Earnest Will established? |
4hop1__94201_642284_131926_89261 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Southeast Library",
"paragraph_text": " Fraser library was preceded by several others serving the same community.\n\n\n=== East Side Branch, 1891–1904 ===\nThe third branch of the Minneapolis Public library opened on November 1, 1891, in the old Winthrop School building at 22 University Avenue Southeast. It was replaced by the Pillsbury Library in 1904.\n\n\n=== Pillsbury Library, 1904–1967 ===\nJohn Sargent Pillsbury, Minnesota's eighth governor, offered to build a branch library at the corner of university and Central Avenues in old St. Anthony (later East Minneapolis). The location was a few blocks from the iconic Pillsbury \"A\" Mill and close to the governor's home. Although Pillsbury died before the library opened in April, 1904, the family carried out the gift. One of the most beautiful library branches in Minneapolis, the library was built out of marble and featured mahogany inside. In 1960 a new Central Library opened right across the river from the Pillsbury Library so a location closer to the University Community's core was sought. The Southeast Library replaced the Pillsbury Library in 1967.\nLocated at 100 University Avenue Southeast, after many years as the Dolly Fiterman gallery, the Pillsbury Library more recently housed the Phillips Foundation.\n\n\n=== Seven Corners Library, 1906-1964 ===\nA successful delivery station was replaced in 1906 by the Seven Corners Branch in a rented space at 231 Cedar Avenue. The Seven Corners (Cedar-Riverside) area was teeming with new immigrants and the library was quite busy. A permanent Seven Corners branch was built at 300 15th Ave. South in 1912. By 1964 the library's circulation numbers paled in comparison to its first decades of existence. The building was sold to the Minnesota Department of Transportation and was razed for highway construction.\n\n\n== Southeast Library, 1967-2018 ==\nIn 1960, architect Ralph Rapson was asked to design a university-area building for the State Capitol Credit Union, a banking organization serving university and state employees. Sited at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast, the building was purchased for conversion to a library on December 29, 1966. The building reopened as the Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.\nThe library's most notable feature is its square concrete roof, 100 feet on each side. Seen from below, the ceiling is divided into a \"waffle-like\" form, a 32x32 grid of 1024 cells. This canopy is supported by 16 evenly-spaced pillars and is dotted by 22 skylights—three central 2x2 lights, and 19 smaller 1x1 lights.\nSoutheast Library and 14 other libraries of Minneapolis Public Library were merged into the combined urban/suburban Hennepin County Library in 2008.\n\n\n== Arvonne Fraser Library, 2019-present ==\nOn December 10, 2018, the library closed for a year-long, $11.6 million renovation. The next day, the Hennepin County Board of Commissioners voted to rename the library after Fraser. Following completion of the renovation, the Arvonne Fraser Library reopened on Saturday January 25, 2020. The renovation doubled the library's square footage by improving a disused basement space, which houses inventory and a children's area. To connect the two floors and to allow natural light into the windowless basement space, an opening was cut in the center of the ground level.\n\n\n== References ==Arvonne Fraser Library (formerly the Southeast Library) is a public library in Minneapolis, serving the University community. Designed by Ralph Rapson and built in 1963, the library is an example of brutalist architecture. The building originally housed a credit union for state and university employees before a 1967 repurposing, when it became the Southeast Library. Following a subsequent renovation from 2018 to 2020, the library was renamed after Arvonne Fraser, a women's rights advocate and political campaigner.\nThe library was preceded by several related historical libraries, which occupied other sites throughout the area. These included branches established under the leadership of Gratia Countryman, chief librarian of the Minneapolis Public Library from 1904 to 1936.\n\n\n== Predecessors ==\nThe Arvonne Fraser library was preceded by several others serving the same community.\n\n\n=== East Side Branch, 1891–1904 ===\nThe third branch of the Minneapolis Public library opened on November 1, 1891, in the old Winthrop School building at 22 University Avenue Southeast. It was replaced by the Pillsbury Library in 1904.\n\n\n=== Pillsbury Library, 1904–1967 ===\nJohn Sargent Pillsbury, Minnesota's eighth governor, offered to build a branch library at the corner of university and Central Avenues in old St. Anthony (later East Minneapolis). The location was a few blocks from the iconic Pillsbury \"A\" Mill and close to the governor's home. Although Pillsbury died before the library opened in April, 1904, the family carried out theSoutheast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.Southeast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Riverside Plaza",
"paragraph_text": "Riverside Plaza is a modernist and brutalist apartment complex designed by Ralph Rapson that opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1973. Situated on the edge of downtown Minneapolis in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, and next to both the University of Minnesota's West Bank and Augsburg University, the site contains the 39-story McKnight Building, the tallest structure outside of the city's central business district. Initially known as Cedar Square West, exterior shots of the complex were featured on television as the residence of Mary Richards in sixth and seventh seasons of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\".Riverside Plaza is a modernist and brutalist apartment complex designed by Ralph Rapson that opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1973. Situated on the edge of downtown Minneapolis in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, and next to both the University of Minnesota's West Bank and Augsburg University, the site contains the 39-story McKnight Building, the tallest structure outside of the city's central business district. Initially known as Cedar Square West, exterior shots of the complex were featured on television as the residence of Mary Richards in sixth and seventh seasons of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\".Riverside Plaza is a modernist and brutalist apartment complex designed by Ralph Rapson that opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1973. Situated on the edge of downtown Minneapolis in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, and next to both the University of Minnesota's West Bank and Augsburg University, the site contains the 39-story McKnight Building, the tallest structure outside of the city's central business district. Initially known as Cedar Square West, the complex was renamed when an investor group bought it out",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory",
"is_supporting": true
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] | In which city, that harbors the Southeast Library which was designed by a now deceased architect, does a body of water flow into the Gulf of Mexico? | [
{
"id": 94201,
"question": "The designer for Southeast Library was?",
"answer": "Ralph Rapson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 642284,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 89261,
"question": "where does #3 empty into the gulf of mexico",
"answer": "the Mississippi River Delta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | the Mississippi River Delta | [
"Mississippi River Delta"
] | true | Where does the body of water by the city where the Southeast Library designer died empty into the Gulf of Mexico? |
2hop__96411_47902 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)",
"paragraph_text": " as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Aaron Cross is a member of a black ops program called Operation Outcome whose subjects are genetically enhanced. He must run for his life once former CIA Treadstone agent Jason Bourne's actions lead to the public exposure of Operation Treadstone and its successor Operation Blackbriar.\nFilming was primarily in New York City, with some scenes shot in the Philippines, South Korea, and Canada. Released on August 10, 2012, the film received mixed reviews and grossed $276 million at the box office. It was followed in 2016 by Jason Bourne, with Damon reprising his role.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSix weeks after Jason Bourne's escape from Russia after his meeting with Irena, Operation Outcome agent Aaron Cross (Number Five) is assigned a training exercise in the Alaskan wilderness as punishment for going AWOL. He must traverse the rugged terrain to find a remote cabin while being stalked by wolves. The cabin is operated by Number Three, another Outcome agent there as punishment. Cross lies and tells Number Three that he has lost his program medication dog tags containing \"chems\" that Outcome agents must take to maintain their mental and physical enhancements.\nColonel Eric Byer is tasked with containing the fallout from Pam Landy's exposure of Operations Treadstone and Blackbriar. He and his team find several videos of Treadstone and Outcome medical directors Albert Hirsch and Dan Hillcott, respectively, being together posted online that could lead investigators to Operation Outcome. Byer orders Outcome to be completely shut down and all of the agents and participating doctors killed to protect the secrecy of other clandestine programs.\nByer deploys anThe titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.\nThe Bourne Legacy is the only film in the franchise that does not feature the titular character Jason Bourne, as actor Matt Damon chose not to return due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Aaron Cross is a member of a black ops program called Operation Outcome whose subjects are genetically enhanced. He must run for his life once former CIA Treadstone agent Jason Bourne's actions lead to the public exposure of Operation Treadstone and its successor Operation Blackbriar.\nFilming was primarily in New York City, with some scenes shot in the Philippines, South Korea, and Canada. Released on August 10, 2012, the film received mixed reviews and grossed $276 million at the box office. It was followed in 2016 by Jason Bourne, with Damon reprising his role.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSix weeks after Jason Bourne's escape from Russia after his meeting with Irena, Operation Outcome agent Aaron Cross (Number Five) is assigned a training exercise in the Alaskan wilderness as punishment for going AWOL. He must traverse the rugged terrain to find a remote cabin while being stalked by wolves. The cabin is operated by Number Three, another Outcome agent there as punishment. Cross lies and tells Number Three that he has lost his program medication dog tags containing \"chems\" that Outcome agents must take to maintain their mental and physical enhancements.\nColonel Eric Byer is tasked with containing the fallout from Pam Landy's exposure of Operations Treadstone and Blackbriar. He and his team find several videos of Treadstone and Outcome medical directors Albert Hirsch and Dan Hillcott, respectively, being together posted online that could lead investigators to Operation Outcome. Byer orders Outcome to be completely shut down and all of the agents and participating doctors killed to protect the secrecy of other clandestine programs.\nByer deploys an armed drone to eliminate Cross and Number Three. Number Three is killed when a missile from the drone destroys the cabin, but Cross – who was outdoors when the drone struck – survives. He shoots down the drone with a rifle and removes a subdermal tracking implant from his hip. He traps an aggressive wolf and forces it to swallow his tracker. Another drone targets the tracker and kills the wolf, leading Byer's",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Bourne Deception",
"paragraph_text": " Bourne Deception is a novel by Eric Van Lustbader, the seventh in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following The Bourne Sanction, which was published in 2008.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Bourne Deception picks up where The Bourne Sanction left off. Jason Bourne's nemesis, Arkadin, is still hot on his trail and the two continue their struggle, reversing roles of hunter and hunted. When Bourne is ambushed and badly wounded in Bali, he fakes his death and goes into hiding. Only his close friends, Moira Trevor and Freddie Willard are aware that he is alive. In safety, he takes on a new identity, and begins a mission to find out who tried to assassinate him. Jason begins to question who he really is, how much of him is tied up in the Bourne identity, and what he would become if that was suddenly taken away from him. Shortly after, an American passenger airliner is shot down over Egypt by an Iranian missile. This is where a global conspiracy is revealed. Bud Halliday is at the helm of manipulations by NSA assisted by a wet-work outfit known as Black River. DCI Veronica Hart was an ex-employee of Black River like Moira Trevor and is at loggerheads with the intentions of Bud Halliday. Moira Trevor has started her own company which is a direct competitor of Black River. A global investigative team, led by Soraya Moore, is assembled to get at the truth of the situation before it can escalate into an international scandal. The conspiracy is discovered by one of Moira's employees and he is subsequently killed with Moira being left in grave danger. The trail to his assassin leads Bourne to Seville. On the way there, he meets Tracy Atherton, who tells him that she is going to Seville to buy the 14th Black Painting. In Seville, Bourne is attacked in a bullfighting arena by a killer named The Torturer. Later on, search for the man who shot him intersects with the search for the people that brought down the airliner, leading Bourne into one of the most deadly and challenging situations he has ever encountered. With the threat of a new world war brewing, Bourne finds himself in a race against time to uncover the truth and find the person behind his assault, all the while stalked by his unknown nemesis.\n\n\n== Publication history ==\n\n\n== References ==The Bourne Deception is a novel by Eric Van Lustbader, the seventh in theThe Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008.The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008.The Bourne Deception is a novel by Eric Van Lustbader, the seventh in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following The Bourne Sanction, which was published in 2008.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Bourne Deception picks up where The Bourne Sanction left off. Jason Bourne's nemesis, Arkadin, is still hot on his trail and the two continue their struggle",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the actor portraying the lead role in The Bourne Deception? | [
{
"id": 96411,
"question": "The The Bourne Deception has what character?",
"answer": "Jason Bourne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 47902,
"question": "who is the actor who plays #1",
"answer": "Matt Damon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Matt Damon | [] | true | Who plays the main character of The Bourne Deception? |
4hop1__40316_497223_15840_36002 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": " teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles DodgersSouthern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually.Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": "The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "NFL (video game)",
"paragraph_text": " million copies as of 2018. From 2004 until 2022, it was the only officially licensed National Football League (NFL) video game series, and hasNFL is a 1989 football video game, developed by Atlus and published by LJN exclusively for the Nintendo Entertainment System. for EA Sports. The franchise, named after Pro Football Hall of Fame coach and commentator John Madden, has sold more than 130 million copies as of 2018. From 2004 until 2022, it was the only officially licensed National Football League (NFL) video game series, and has influenced many players and coaches of the physical sport. Among the series' features are detailed playbooks and player statistics and voice commentary in the style of a real NFL television broadcast. As of 2013 the franchise has generated over $4 billion in sales, making it one of the most profitable video game franchises on the market.\nElectronic Arts (EA) founder Trip Hawkins conceived the series and approached Madden in 1984 for his endorsement and expertise. Because of Madden's insistence that the game be as realistic as possible, the first version of John Madden Football did not appear until 1988. EA has released annual versions since 1990, and the series' name changed to Madden NFL in 1993 after EA acquired the rights to use NFL teams and players.\nAlthough Madden died in 2021, the game continues to bear his name as a result of a 2005 agreement which gives EA the right to use his name and likeness in perpetuity. Madden's estate continues to receive royalties pursuant to this agreement.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1980s – Creation ===\nThe real reason that I founded Electronic Arts was because I wanted to make computerized versions of games like Strat-O-Matic.\nTrip Hawkins created a clone of the Strat-O-Matic paper and dice-based football simulation game as a teenager. The game was unsuccessful due to its complexity, and he hoped to one day delegate its rules to a computer. At Harvard College, where Hawkins played football for the Crimson, he wrote a football simulation for the PDP-11 minicomputer which, he later said, predicted that the Miami Dolphins would defeat the Minnesota Vikings 23–6 (actually 24–7) in the 1974 Super Bowl. After founding Electronic Arts in 1982—\"The real reason that I founded [",
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},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. It took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Bill Mensch, the co-creator of the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor and founder of the Western Design Center (WDC), gave Ricoh the exclusive right to supply 8-bit and 16-bit WDC microprocessors for the new system. Meanwhile, Sony engineer Ken Kutaragi reached an agreement with Nintendo to design the console's sound chip without notifying his supervisors, who were enraged when they discovered the project; though Kutaragi was nearly fired, then-CEO Norio Ohga intervened in support of the project and gave him permission to complete it.\nOn September 9, 1987, then-Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi revealed the development of the Super Famicom in the newspaper Kyoto Shimbun. On August 30, 1988, in an interview with TOUCH Magazine, Yamauchi announced the development of Super Mario BrosTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega's Genesis console in North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What benefits did the Genesis have over the gaming console identified by a three-letter acronym, known for its game named after the same football league where the Los Angeles Rams compete? | [
{
"id": 40316,
"question": "The Los Angeles Rams are an example of what kind of sports team?",
"answer": "NFL",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 497223,
"question": "#1 >> platform",
"answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 15840,
"question": "What is the abbreviation of #2 ?",
"answer": "NES",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 36002,
"question": "What were the Genesis's advantages over the #3 ?",
"answer": "built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound | [
"16-bit",
"16-bit architecture"
] | true | What were the Genesis's advantages over the game system with a 3 letter abbreviation, featuring a game named after the football league that the Los Angeles Rams are representative of? |
2hop__92900_512508 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"paragraph_text": " large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Scientists already knew about alpha decay and beta decay, but fission assumed great importance because the discovery that a nuclear chain reaction was possible led to the development of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Hahn was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission.\nHahn and Strassmann at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin bombarded uranium with slow neutrons and discovered that barium had been produced. Hahn suggested a bursting of the nucleus, but he was unsure of what the physical basis for the results were. They reported their findings by mail to Meitner in Sweden, who a few months earlier had fled Nazi Germany. Meitner and her nephew Frisch theorised, and then proved, that the uranium nucleus had been split and published their findings in Nature. Meitner calculated that the energy released by each disintegration was approximately 200 megaelectronvolts, and Frisch observed this. By analogy with the division of biological cells, he named the process \"fission\".\nThe discovery came after forty years of investigation into the nature and properties of radioactivity and radioactive substances. The discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 created a new means of nuclear transmutation. Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in Rome studied the results of bombarding uranium with neutrons, and Fermi concluded that his experiments had created new elements with 93 and 94 protons, which his group dubbed ausenium and hesperium. Fermi won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\". However, not everyone was convinced by Fermi's analysis of his results. Ida Noddack suggested that instead of creating a new, heavier element 93, it was conceivable that the nucleus had broken up into large fragments, and Aristid von Grosse suggested that what Fermi's group had found was an isotope of protactinium.\nThis spurred Hahn and Meitner, the discoverers of the most stable isotope of protactinium, to conduct a four-year-long investigation into the process with their colleague Strassmann. After much hard work and many discoveries, they determined that what they were observing was fission, and that the new elements that Fermi had found were fission products. Their work overturned long-held beliefs in physics and paved the way for the discovery of the real elements 93 (neptunium) and 94 (plutonium), for the discovery of fission in other elements, and for the determination of the role of the uranium-235 isotope in that of uranium. Niels Bohr and John Wheeler reworked the liquid drop model to explain the mechanism of fission.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Radioactivity ===\nIn the last years of the 19th century, scientists frequently experimented with the cathode-ray tubeThe essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton. nuclear reaction or radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei and often other particles. The fission process often produces gamma rays and releases a very large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Scientists already knew about alpha decay and beta decay, but fission assumed great importance because the discovery that a nuclear chain reaction was possible led to the development of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Hahn was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission.\nHahn and Strassmann at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin bombarded uranium with slow neutrons and discovered that barium had been produced. Hahn suggested a bursting of the nucleus, but he was unsure of what the physical basis for the results were. They reported their findings by mail to Meitner in Sweden, who a few months earlier had fled Nazi Germany. Meitner and her nephew Frisch theorised, and then proved, that the uranium nucleus had been split and published their findings in Nature. Meitner calculated that the energy released by each disintegration was approximately 200 megaelectronvolts, and",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 14,
"title": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_text": "ir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.\nChadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. StillDuring the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.\nChadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when World War I broke out in Europe, he spent the next four years in the Ruhleben internment camp.\nAfter the war, Chadwick followed Rutherford to the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where Chadwick earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree under Rutherford's supervision from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1921. He was Rutherford's assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory for over a decade at a time when it was one of the world's foremost centres for the study of physics, attracting students like John Cockcroft, Norman Feather, and Mark Oliphant. Chadwick followed his discovery of the neutron by measuring its mass. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer. Chadwick left the Cavendish Laboratory in 1935 to become a professor of physics at the University of Liverpool, where he overhauled an antiquated laboratory and, by installing a cyclotron, made it an important centre for the study of nuclear physics.\nDuring the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atom bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which project involves the individual who is acknowledged for the discovery of the neutron? | [
{
"id": 92900,
"question": "who is credited with the discovery of the neutron",
"answer": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 512508,
"question": "#1 >> participant in",
"answer": "Manhattan Project",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Manhattan Project | [] | true | The person credited with the discovery of the neutron is a participant in what project? |
2hop__804417_126089 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bergen, North Holland",
"paragraph_text": "5, is made up entirely of villas in Amsterdam School style. There are regular art fairs in Bergen, as well as an annual music festival (the Holland Music Sessions in August) and arts festival (the Kunsttiendaagse in October).\nNorth of the town of Bergen are the Schoorlse Duinen, a nature area with the highest and widest dunes of the Netherlands, which reach about 59m (195 ft) above sea level, and are more than 5 km (3.1 mi) wide in some places.\nOther points of interest in the municipality include the aquarium in the seaside village of Bergen aan ZeeBergen () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001, the municipality was formed from a merger of the former municipalities of Egmond, Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811.BBergen () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001, the municipality was formed from a merger of the former municipalities of Egmond, Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811. Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811.\nSince about 1900, Bergen has been the home of many painters, writers and architects. Some of the work of this \"Bergen School\" is on exhibit at Museum Kranenburgh. The neighbourhood of Park Meerwijk, constructed in 1915, is made up entirely of villas in Amsterdam School style. There are regular art fairs in Bergen, as well as an annual music festival (the Holland Music Sessions in August) and arts festival (the Kunsttiendaagse in October).\nNorth of the town of Bergen are the Schoorlse Duinen, a nature area with the highest and widest dunes of the Netherlands, which reach about 59m (195 ft) above sea level, and are more than 5 km (3.1 mi) wide in some places.\nOther points of interest in the municipality include the aquarium in the seaside village of Bergen aan ZeeBergen () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001, the municipality was formed from a merger of the former municipalities of Egmond, Schoorl, and the smaller community of Bergen proper that had existed since 1811.Bergen (Dutch pronunciation: [��b��r��ə(n)] ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its North Sea beaches and forests make it a popular destination for tourists. In 2001",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "North Holland",
"paragraph_text": "orth Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [��no��rt ������l��nt] ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km2 (552 sq mi) is water.\nFrom the 9th to the 16th century, the area was an integral part of the County of Holland. During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier (English: \"Northern Quarter\"). In 1840, the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland. In 1855, the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land.\nThe provincial capital is Haarlem (pop. 161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam, with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Arthur van Dijk, who has been serving since 2019. There are 45 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. The busiest airport in the Netherlands andThe capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [��no��rt ������l��nt] ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km2 (552 sq mi) is water.\nFrom the 9th to the 16th century, the area was an integral part of the County of Holland. During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier (English: \"Northern Quarter\"). In 1840, the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland. In 1855, the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land.\nThe provincial capital is Haarlem (pop. 161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam, with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Arthur van Dijk, who has been serving since 2019. There are 45 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. The busiest airport in the Netherlands and Europe's third-busiest airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, is in North Holland.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Emergence of a new province (1795 to 1840) ===\nThe province of North Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813. This was a time of bewildering changes to the Dutch system of provinces. In 1795, the old order was swept away and the Batavian Republic was established. In the Constitution enacted on 23 April 1798, the old borders were radically changed. The republic was reorganised into eight departments (département) with roughly equal populations. Holland was split up into five departments named \"Texel\", \"Amstel\", \"Delf\", \"Schelde en Maas\", and \"Rijn\". The first three of these lay within the borders of the old Holland; the latter two were made up of parts of different provinces. In 1801 the old borders were restored when the department of Holland was created. This reorganisation had been short-lived, but it gave birth to the concept of breaking up Holland and making it a less powerful province.\nIn 1807, Holland was reorganised. This time the two departments were called \"Amstelland\" (corresponding to the modern province of North Holland) and \"Maasland\" (corresponding to the modern province of South Holland). This also did not last long. In 1810, all the Dutch provinces were integrated into the French Empire. Amstelland and Utrecht were amalgamated as the department of \"Zuiderzee\" (Zuyderzée in French) and Maasland was renamed \"Monden van de Maas\" (Bouches-de-la-Meuse in French).\nAfter the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, the country was reorganised as provinces and regions (landschappen). Zuiderzee and Monden van de Maas were reunited as the province of \"Holland\". One of the",
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}
] | Who held authority over the location known as Bergen? | [
{
"id": 804417,
"question": "Bergen >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "North Holland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 126089,
"question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?",
"answer": "Johan Remkes",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Johan Remkes | [] | true | Who was in charge of the place where Bergen is located? |
2hop__82713_84616 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_text": ". Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television. Hepburn was a 10-time nominee, winning twice. In addition, she received the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990.\n\n\n=== New York Film Critics Circle Awards ===\nThe New York Film Critics' Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City-based publications. Hepburn won two of her six competitive nominations.\n\n\n=== Screen Actors Guild Awards ===\nThe Screen Actors Guild Awards, presented by the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), recognize outstanding performances by its members. Hepburn was the recipient of a posthumous Life Achievement Award.\n\n\n=== Other arts recognition ===\nIn recognition of her work in the performing arts, besides those awards aforementioned, Hepburn received several other honors. In 1959, she won the Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastian International Film Festival for her work in The Nun's Story. In 1987, she was awarded the Commander of the National French Order of Arts and Letters (French: Commandeur de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres), and was a Gala Film Tribute honoree. In 1991, she received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award, an honorary Bambi Award, and was an Honoree at both the Film Society of Lincoln Center's Gala Tribute and the USA Film Festival's Master Screen. Then, in 1992, Hepburn was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. She was posthumously awarded the 1996 Women in Film's Crystal Award for her efforts in expanding the role of women within the entertainment industry.\n\n\n== Humanitarian recognition ==\nIn recognition of her humanitarian work, Hepburn received the following honors:\n1976\n\nVariety Club of New York's Humanitarian Award\n1988\n\nUNICEF's International Danny Kaye Award for Children\n1989\n\nInstitute for Human Understanding's International Humanitarian Award\n1990\n\nUNICEF's seventh annual ball honored Hepburn\n1991\n\nWashington UNICEF Council's Children's Champion Award\nCertificate of Merit for UNICEF Ambassadorship\nVariety Clubs International's Humanitarian Award\nUNICEF's Sidaci per L'infanzia\" (Mayors for Children) Award\nChildren's Institute International's Champion of Children Award\nSigma Theta Tau International Audrey Hepburn Award named after Hepburn, given to individuals in recognition for their international work on behalf of children\n1992\n\nHonorary Chair and SpeakerAudrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.AAudrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.8.\nPost-humously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award. Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards. She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best... lists.\n\n\n== EGOT ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\nThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry. Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "My Fair Lady (film)",
"paragraph_text": "—with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles. A critical and commercial success, it became the second highest-grossing film of 1964 and won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. American Film Institute included the film as #91 in its 1998 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, as #12 in its 2002 AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions, and as #8 in its 2006 AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals.\nIn 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn London, Professor Henry Higgins, a scholar of phonetics, believes that one's accent determines a person's prospects in society (\"Why Can't the English?\"). At the Covent Garden fruit-and-vegetable market one evening, he listens to Eliza Doolittle, a young flower seller with a strong Cockney accent, and makes notes. This causes others to suspect he is a \"tec\". When Eliza protests that she has done nothing wrong, she asks Colonel Hugh Pickering, himself a phonetics expert, to confirm this. Pickering and Higgins are delighted to become acquainted; in fact, Pickering had come from India just to meet Higgins. Higgins boasts he could teach even someone like Eliza to speak so well he could pass her off as a duchess at an embassy ball. Eliza wants to work in a flower shop, but her accent makes that impossible (\"Wouldn't It Be Loverly\"). The following morning, Eliza shows up at Higgins's home, seeking lessons. Pickering is intrigued and offers to cover all the attendant expenses if Higgins succeeds. Higgins agrees and describes how women ruin lives (\"I'm an Ordinary Man\").\nEliza's father, Alfred P. Doolittle, a dustman, learns of his daughter's new residence (\"With a Little Bit of Luck\"). He shows up at Higgins's house three days later, ostensibly to protect his daughter's virtue, but inThe film stars Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle and Rex Harrison as Henry Higgins, with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde - White in supporting roles. A critical and commercial success, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Director. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time.The film stars Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle and Rex Harrison as Henry Higgins, with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde - White in supporting roles. A critical and commercial success, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Director. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | For what role in "My Fair Lady" did the actress receive a Tony award? | [
{
"id": 82713,
"question": "who was the actress in my fair lady",
"answer": "Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 84616,
"question": "what did #1 won a tony for",
"answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine | [
"leading role",
"star",
"leading actress",
"lead"
] | true | What did the actress in My Fair Lady win a Tony for? |
2hop__631024_18974 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": "-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and the English press, Hokkien is used in common parlance to refer to the Southern Min dialects of southern Fujian, and does not include reference to dialects of other Sinitic branches also present in Fujian such as the Fuzhou language (Eastern Min), Pu-Xian Min, Northern Min, Gan Chinese or Hakka.\nThe term Hokkien was first used by Walter Henry Medhurst in his 1832 Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms, considered to be the earliest English-based Hokkien dictionary and the first major reference work in POJ, though its romanization system differs significantly from modern POJ. In this dictionary, the word Hok-këèn was used. In 1869, POJ was further revised by John Macgowan in his published book A Manual Of The Amoy Colloquial. In this book, këèn was changed to kien as Hok-kien; from then on, \"Hokkien\" is used more often.\nHistorically, Hokkien was also known as \"Amoy\", after the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation of Xiamen (��e-mûi), the principal port in southern Fujian during the Qing dynasty, as one of the five ports opened to foreign trade by the Treaty of Nanking. In 1873, Carstairs Douglas published the Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects, where the language was referred to as the \"Language of Amoy\" or as the \"Amoy Vernacular\" and by 1883, John Macgowan would publish another dictionary, the English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect. Due to possible conflation between the language as a whole with its Xiamen dialect, many proscribe referring to the former as \"Amoy\", a usage that is more commonly found in older media and some conservative institutions.\nIn the classification used by the Language Atlas of China, the Quanzhang branch of Southern Min consists of the Min varieties originating from Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen and the eastern counties of Longyan (Xinluo and Zhangping).\n\n\n== Geographic distribution ==\n\nHokkien is spoken in the southern seaward quarter of Fujian, southeastern Zhejiang, as well as the eastern part of Namoa in China; Taiwan; Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, Metro Davao and other cities in the Philippines; Singapore; Brunei; Medan, Riau and other cities in Indonesia; and from Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Klang in Malaysia.\nHokkien originated in the southern area of Fujian province, an important center for trade and migration, and has since become one of the most common Chinese varieties overseas. The major pole of Hokkien varieties outside of Fujian is nearby Taiwan, where immigrants from Fujian arrived as workers during the 40 years of Dutch rule, fleeing the Qing dynasty during the 20 years of Ming loyalist rule, as immigrants during the 200 years of rule by the Qing dynasty, especially in the last 120 years after immigration restrictions were relaxed, and even as immigrants during the period of Japanese rule. The Taiwanese dialect mostly has origins with the Tung'an, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou variants, but since then, the Amoy dialect, also known as the Xiamen dialect, has become the modern prestige representative for the language in China. Both Amoy and Xiamen come from the Chinese name of the city (��门; Xiàmén; ��-mûi); the former is from Zhangzhou Hokkien, whereas the latter comes from Mandarin.\nThere are many Min Nan speakers among overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, as well as in the United States (Hoklo Americans). Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements). Most of the Min Nan dialects of this region have incorporated some foreign loanwords. Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 80% of the ethnic Chinese people in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lán-nâng-uē (\"Our people's speech\"). Hokkien speakers form the largest group of overseas Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSouthern Fujian is home to four principal Hokkien dialects: Chiangchew, Chinchew, Tung'an, and Amoy, originating from the cities of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, historical Tung'an County (同安���, now Xiamen and Kinmen) and the Port of Amoy, respectively.\nIn the late 1800s, the Amoy dialect attracted special attention, because Amoy was one of the five ports opened to foreign trade by the Treaty of Nanking, but before that it had not attracted attention. The Amoy dialect is adopted as the 'Modern Representative Min Nan'. The Amoy dialect cannot simply be interpreted as a mixture of the Zhangzhou and Quanzhou dialects, but rather it is formed on the foundation of the Tung'an dialect with further inputs from other sub-dialects. It has played an influential role in history, especially in the relations of Western nations with China, and was one of the most frequently learned dialects of Hokkien by Westerners during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.\nThe Modern Representative form of Hokkien spoken around the Taiwanese city of Tainan heavily resembles the Tung'an dialect. All Hokkien dialects spoken throughout the whole of Taiwan are collectively known as Taiwanese Hokkien, or Holo locally, although there is a tendency to call these Taiwanese language for historical reasons. It is spoken by moreIn 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (��政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (��元��), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (�����) and Wang Shenzhi (����知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect.Hokkien ( HOK-ee-en, US also HOH-kee-en) is a variety of the Southern Min languages,In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect. Southeast Asia, Hokkien historically served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of all dialects and subgroups, and it remains today as the most spoken variety of Chinese in the region, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei. This applied to a lesser extent to mainland Southeast Asia. As a result of the significant influence and historical presence of its sizable overseas diaspora, certain considerable to ample amounts of Hokkien loanwords are also historically present in the languages it has had historical contact with in its sprachraum, such as Thai. Hokkien Kelantan in northern Malaya of Malaysia and Hokaglish spoken sporadically across the Philippines, especially Metro Manila are also mixed languages with Hokkien as the base lexifier.\n\n\n== Names ==\nHokkien speakers in different regions refer to the language as:\n\nBân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Gong Beibi",
"paragraph_text": "ance Film Festival and Cannes Film Festival.\nIn 2005, Gong Beibi starred in the feature film Waiting Alone which opened to critical raves at the Tokyo Film Festival. The indie film was released nationwide in September 2005 and became a hit with audiences across China, and one of the best reviewed and most talked about Chinese films the year. Waiting Alone was nominated for several awards including \"Best Picture\" at the Chinese academy awards (Golden Rooster Awards). Gong Beibi's memorable performance in Waiting Alone, which Variety magazine called \"impressive\", garnered her a \"Most Favorite Actress\" nomination at the 12th Beijing Student Film Festival.\nGong's 2007 Chinese holiday ensemble comedy Call for Love was a success at the box office, she followed up with a special appearance in action director Benny Chan's Connected the Hong Kong action film remake of Cellular, and continued starring in TV series.\nIn 2010, Gong co-starred with Aaron Kwok in Oxide Pang's thriller The Detective 2. In 2011, Beibi Gong starred alongside Academy Award winner Kevin Spacey and Daniel Wu in Dayyan Eng's dramedy/psychological suspense Inseparable. Inseparable was named one of The Wall Street Journal's Top 10 Most Notable Asian Films of 2011.\nBeibi was next seen in several back-to-back TV series in China, most notably The Legend of Qin in 2015, and as the Ice Queen in Ice Fantasy based on Guo JingGong Beibi () (born February 21, 1978 in Fujian, China) is a Chinese film and television actress. Beginning her career as a child actress, she later graduated from the prestigious Central Academy of Drama where she gained fame and popularity among young audiences in China after starring in several popular TV series and feature films in both China and Hong Kong. Due to her success while still a student, she became dubbed in the media at the time as \"little Gong Li\".Gong Beibi () (born February 21, 1978 in Fujian, China) is a Chinese film and television actress. Beginning her career as a child actress, she later graduated from the prestigious Central Academy of Drama where she gained fame and popularity among young audiences in China after starring in several popular TV series and feature films in both China and Hong Kong. Due to her success while still a student, she became dubbed in the media at the time as \"little Gong Li\".",
"is_supporting": true
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] | In the province of Gong Beibi's birth, who was at the helm of the military expedition? | [
{
"id": 631024,
"question": "Gong Beibi >> place of birth",
"answer": "Fujian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 18974,
"question": "Who led the military expedition in #1 ?",
"answer": "Chen Zheng",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Chen Zheng | [] | true | Who led the military expedition in the province where Gong Beibi was born? |
2hop__794999_113442 | [
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Christ in the House of His Parents",
"paragraph_text": " the nail with a pair of pincers, his concerned mother, Mary, offers her cheek for a kiss. Joseph examines Jesus's wounded hand. A young boy, who would later be known as John the Baptist, brings in water to wash the wound, prefiguring his later baptism of Christ. An assistant of Joseph, who represents Jesus's future Apostles, observes these events. \nIn the background of the painting various objects are used to further symbolize the theological significance of the subject. A ladder, referring to Jacob's Ladder, leans against the back wall, and a dove which represents the Holy Spirit rests on it. Other carpentry implements refer to the Holy Trinity. Millais likely used Albrecht Dürer's print Melancholia I as a source for this imagery, along with quattrocento works. The sheep in the sheepfold seen through the door represent the future Christian flock.\nIt has been suggested that Millais was influenced by John Rogers Herbert's painting Our Saviour Subject to His Parents at Nazareth. He may also have drawn on a painting depicting Jesus helping Joseph in his workshop, which at the time was attributed to Annibale Carracci.\n\n\n== Critical response ==\nThe painting was immensely controversial when first exhibited because of its realistic depiction of a carpentry workshop, especially the dirt and detritus on the floor. The portrayal of Jesus and those surrounding Him was often considered to be radical, both in dress and in figure. Charles Dickens accused Millais of portraying Mary as an alcoholic who looks\n\nso hideous in her ugliness that ... she would stand out from the rest of the company as a Monster, in the vilest cabaret in France, or the lowest gin-shop in England.\nCritics also objected to the portrayal of Jesus, one complaining that it was \"painful\" to see \"the youthful Saviour\" depicted as \"a red-headed Jew boy\". Dickens described him as a \"wry-necked, blubbering red-headed boy in a bed-gown, who appears to have received a poke ... playing in an adjacent gutter\". Other critics suggested that the characters displayed signs of rickets and other disease associated with slum conditions. Because of the controversy, Queen Victoria asked for the painting to be taken to Buckingham Palace so that she could view it in private.\nAt the Royal Academy the painting was exhibited with a companion piece by Millais's colleague, William Holman Hunt, that also portrayed a scene from early Christian history in which a family help a wounded individual. This was entitled A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids.\n\n\n== Consequences ==\n\nThe effect of the critical comments was to make the Pre-Raphaelite movement famous and to create a debate about the relationship between modernity, realism and medievalism in the arts. The critic John Ruskin supported Millais in letter to the press and in his lecture \"Pre-Raphaelitism\" despite personally disliking the painting. The painting's use of symbolic realism led to a wider movement in which the choice of composition and theme was combined with detailed observation.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of paintings by John Everett Millais\n\n\n== References ==Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts. It is now in Tate Britain in London.\n\n\n== Subject ==\nThe painting depicts the young Jesus assisting Joseph in his workshop. Joseph is making a door, which is laid upon his carpentry work-table. Jesus has cut his hand on an exposed nail, symbolizing the stigmata and foreshadowing Jesus’s crucifixion. Some of the blood has fallen onto his foot. As Jesus's grandmother, Anne, removes the nail with a pair of pincers, his concerned mother, Mary, offers her cheek for a kiss. Joseph examines Jesus's wounded hand. A young boy, who would later be known as John the Baptist, brings in water to wash the wound, prefiguring his later baptism of Christ. An assistant of Joseph, who represents Jesus's future Apostles, observes these events. \nIn the background of the painting various objects are used to further symbolize the theological significance of the subject. A ladder, referring to Jacob's Ladder, leans against the back wall, and a dove which represents the Holy Spirit rests on it. Other carpentry implements refer to the Holy Trinity. Millais likely used Albrecht Dürer's print Melancholia I as a source for this imagery, along with quattrocento works. The sheep in the sheepfold seen through the door represent the future Christian flock.\nIt has been suggested that Millais was influenced by John Rogers Herbert's painting Our Saviour Subject to His Parents at Nazareth. He may also have drawn on a painting depicting Jesus helping Joseph in his workshop, which at the time was attributed to Annibale Carracci.\n\n\n== Critical response ==\nThe painting was immensely controversial when first exhibited because of its realistic depiction of a carpentry workshop, especially the dirt and detritus on the floor. The portrayal of Jesus and those surrounding Him was often considered to be radical, both in dress and in figure. Charles Dickens accused Millais of portraying Mary as an alcoholic who looks\n\nso hideous in her ugliness that ... she would stand out from the rest of the company as a Monster, in the vilest cabaret in France, or the lowest gin-shop in England.\nCritics also objected to the portrayal of Jesus, one complaining that it was \"painful\" to see \"the youthful Saviour\" depicted as \"a red-headed Jew boy\". Dickens described him as a \"wry-necked, blubbering red-headed boy in a bed-gown, who appears to have received a poke ... playing in an adjacent gutter\". Other critics suggested that the characters displayed signs of rickets and other disease associated with slum conditions. Because of the controversy, Queen Victoria asked for the painting to be taken to Buckingham Palace so that she could view it in private.\nAt the Royal Academy the painting was exhibited with a companion piece by Millais's colleague, William Holman Hunt, that also portrayed a scene from early Christian history in which a family help a wounded individual. This was entitled A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids.\n\n\n== Consequences ==\n\nThe effect of the critical comments was to make the Pre-Raphaelite movement famous and to create a debate about the relationship between modernity, realism and medievalism in the arts. The critic John Ruskin supported Millais in letter to the press and in his lecture \"Pre-Raphaelitism\" despite personally disliking the painting. The painting's use of symbolic realism led to a wider movement in which the choice of composition and theme was combined with detailed observation.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of paintings by John Everett Millais\n\n\n== References ==Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts. It is now in Tate Britain in London.\n\n\n== Subject ==\nThe painting depicts the young Jesus assisting Joseph in his workshop. Joseph is making a door, which is laid upon his carpentry work-table. Jesus has cut his hand on an exposed nail, symbolizing the stigmata and foreshadowing Jesus’s crucifixion. Some of the blood has fallen onto his foot. As Jesus's grandmother, Anne, removes the nail with a pair of pincers, his concerned mother,Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts.Christ in the House of His Parents (1849–50) is a painting by John Everett Millais depicting the Holy Family in Saint Joseph's carpentry workshop. The painting was extremely controversial when first exhibited, prompting many negative reviews, most notably one written by Charles Dickens. It catapulted the previously obscure Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to notoriety and was a major contributor to the debate about Realism in the arts.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John Everett Millais",
"paragraph_text": "Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting \"Christ in the House of His Parents\" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, \"Ophelia\", in 1850-51.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the death date of the artist who painted Christ in the House of His Parents? | [
{
"id": 794999,
"question": "Christ in the House of His Parents >> creator",
"answer": "John Everett Millais",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 113442,
"question": "What date did #1 die?",
"answer": "13 August 1896",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 13 August 1896 | [] | true | When did the creator of Christ in the House of His Parents die? |
2hop__23459_35124 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as 1912 to encompass the influence of perceived pan-Islamic propaganda. The Times described Pan-Islamism as a movement with power, importance, and cohesion born in ParisOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 17,
"title": "History of science",
"paragraph_text": " established as a major influence on global culture and thought.\n\n\n== Early science fiction ==\n\n\n=== Ancient and early modern precursors ===\nOne of the earliest and most commonly-cited texts for those looking for early precursors to science fiction is the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, with the earliest text versions identified as being from about 2000 BCE. American science fiction author Lester del Rey was one such supporter of using Gilgamesh as an origin point, arguing that \"science fiction is precisely as old as the first recorded fiction. That is The Epic of Gilgamesh.\" French science fiction writer Pierre Versins also argued that Gilgamesh was the first science fiction work due to its treatment of human reason and the quest for immortality. In addition, Gilgamesh features a flood scene that in some ways resembles a work of apocalyptic science fiction. However, the lack of explicit science or technology in the work has led some to argue that it is better categorized as fantastic literature.\n\nAncient Indian poetry such as the Hindu epic the Ramayana (5th to 4th century BCE) includes Vimana, flying machines able to travel into space or under water, and destroy entire cities using advanced weapons. In the first book of the Rigveda collection of Sanskrit hymns (1700–1100 BCE), there is a description of \"mechanical birds\" that are seen \"jumping into space speedily with a craft using fire and water ... containing twelve stamghas (pillars), one wheel, three machines, 300 pivots, and 60 instruments\". \nThe ancient Hindu mythological epic the Mahabharata (8th and 9th centuries BCE) includes the story of King Kakudmi, who travels to heaven to meet the creator Brahma and is shocked to learn that many ages have passed when he returns to Earth, anticipating the concept of time travel.\n\nOne frequently cited text is the Syrian-Greek writer Lucian of Samosata's 2nd-century satire True History, which uses a voyage to outer space and conversations with alien life forms to comment on the use of exaggeration within travel literature and debates. Typical science fiction themes and topoi in True History include travel to outer space, encounter with alien life-forms (including theIbn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics.\nScience fiction developed and boomed in the 20th century, as the deep integration of science and inventions into daily life encouraged a greater interest in literature that explores the relationship between technology, society, and the individual. Scholar Robert Scholes calls the history of science fiction \"the history of humanity's changing attitudes toward space and time ... the history of our growing understanding of the universe and the position of our species in that universe\". In recent decades, the genre has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | How many books are reportedly authored by the leading figure in Islamic philosophy? | [
{
"id": 23459,
"question": "Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?",
"answer": "Ibn Sina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 35124,
"question": "How many books were said to have been written by #1 ?",
"answer": "450",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 450 | [] | true | How many books were said to be written by the most influential in Islamic philosophy? |
2hop__198459_61845 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mido (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": " a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the 2012 Toulon Tournament in France. Sporting and Benfica, along with Premier League giants Arsenal, had also begun to show interest in signing the player after another good performance at the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, despite Egypt's poor finish in the regional tournament. Ramadan was surprised that these many clubs had so much interest in him and later expressed his desire that he would like to join Arsenal. He played for Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics. \nIn the summer 2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shownMido started his career with Zamalek in Egypt in 1999. He left the club for Gent of Belgium in 2000, where he won the Belgian Ebony Shoe. This led to a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Adam Hammill",
"paragraph_text": " Club career ==\n\n\n=== Liverpool ===\nHammill was born in Liverpool and was a member of the Youth Academy at Liverpool since he joined the club at age nineHammill is a product of the Liverpool academy, but failed to make a league appearance for the club at senior level, before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013.AdamHammill is a product of the Liverpool academy, but failed to make a league appearance for the club at senior level, before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013. before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013.\nIn 2015, Hammill returned to Barnsley on a short-term contract but remained until 2018.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Liverpool ===\nHammill was born in Liverpool and was a member of the Youth Academy at Liverpool since he joined the club at age nineHammill is a product of the Liverpool academy, but failed to make a league appearance for the club at senior level, before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013.Adam James Hammill (born 25 January 1988) is an English footballer who plays as a winger for Maghull. Hammill represented England U21s, though he also qualified to play for the Republic of Ireland at international level.\nHammill is a product of the Liverpool academy, but failed to make a league appearance for the club at senior level, before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013.\nIn 2015, Hammill returned to Barnsley on a short-term contract but remained until 2018.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Liverpool ===\nHammill was born in Liverpool and was a member of the Youth Academy at Liverpool since he joined the club at age nine. After appearing for the youth and reserves teams, he was promoted to Melwood on a full-time basis. He was part of the Liverpool team that defeated Manchester City in the 2006 FA Youth Cup final. While at the academy, Hammill initially played as an attacking midfielder and striker. But he turned \"around 14 or 15\", Hammill converted to a winger after being convinced by Academy Manager Steve Heighway, a position both he and Heighway, himself, played today.\nIn January 2007, he got his first taste of senior football when he was loaned to Scottish side Dunfermline Athletic until the end of the season. He played eighteen games for Dunfermline, including the Scottish Cup final, and scored once against Celtic. After his loan spell at Dunfermline Athletic came to an end, Hammill stated playing in Scotland benefited him, due to playing in the final and more first team opportunity.\nHe spent the 2007–08 season on loan at Championship side Southampton. Hammill hoped joining Southampton could benefit him for first team experience, as well as making a breakthrough. While in his first two months at Southampton, Hammill signed a three-year contract with his parent club, Liverpool, keeping him until 2011. Hammill made his Southampton debut, where he came on as a substitute for Jhon Viáfara, in the 63rd minute, in a 4–1 loss against Crystal Palace. By November, Hammill made two starts and came on from the substitute bench six times, and as a result he was sent to the reserves or remained on the substitute bench. Having regained his first team place, Hammill then provided two assists for the club, as Southampton beat Hull City 4– 0 on 8 December 2007. Throughout the season, Hammill remained in the first team spotlight at Southampton, as he made 28 appearances in total.\nReturning to Anfield, he signed a new five-year contract with Liverpool in July 2008, before being",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the player that has been part of West Ham, Ajax, and the same team as Adam Hammill? | [
{
"id": 198459,
"question": "Adam Hammill >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Barnsley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 61845,
"question": "who has played for west ham ajax and #1",
"answer": "Mido",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Mido | [] | true | Who has played for both West Ham Ajax and the team that Adam Hammill is on? |
3hop1__857_846_7846 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "mpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered aSome of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since theThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, andDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which city, known for the meeting between the Yongle Emperor and the leader to whom the edict was directed, is an opera company headquartered? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 7846,
"question": "Which opera company is based in #2 ?",
"answer": "Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute | [] | true | Which opera company is based in the city where the Yongle Emperor greeted the leader that the edict was addressed to? |
4hop3__700962_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strife among its myriad ethnic groups and has one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. The United NationsThe dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful andThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ban Pakpo",
"paragraph_text": " or Pakpo, is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. To the northwest of the village is the Tham Pha Thao cave and the Tham Sang Triangle of four caves.Ban Pakpo, also Pak Pok or Pakpo, is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. To the northwest of the village is the Tham Pha Thao cave and the Tham Sang Triangle of four caves. the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. To the northwest of the village is the Tham Pha Thao caveBan Pakpo, also Pak Pok or Pakpo, is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bankBan Pakpo, also Pak Pok or Pakpo, is a village in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, not far from the eastern bank of the Nam Song River. To the northwest of the village is the Tham Pha Thao cave and the Tham Sang Triangle of four caves.== References ==Ban Pakpo, also Pak Pok",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sqMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What method was used to drive out the same group that was declared independent by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, from the natural frontier that exists between Thailand and the nation where Ban Pakpo is located? | [
{
"id": 700962,
"question": "Ban Pakpo >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where Ban Pakpo is found? |
2hop__814856_110882 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "James Cottriall",
"paragraph_text": " to study for one year abroad in a German-speaking country. He chose to study at the University of Vienna in Austria. Following encouragement from fellow students and friends, he began to give performances of his songs in cafés and bars around Vienna, playing a combination of covers together with his own, newly composed songs. He was also a regular and notorious busker on the Kärntnerstraße, in Vienna's town centre. Following a measure of success, when his one year of study was completed, Cottriall chose to remain in Vienna to actively promote his music. On 29 December 2016 his first child, Lily Joy Cottriall was born in Los Angeles. After divorcing his ex- wife in California in 2018 James moved back to Vienna and became engaged to long-term girlfriend Jessica Garrison in 2021.\n\n\n=== 2010: Sincerely Me ===\nCottriall released his single, \"Unbreakable\", in Austria on 9 April 2010. It received generous airplay from almost every local and national Austrian radio station. It reached number 1 in the Ö3 Hörercharts (Most Requested by listeners charts for Austria) and remained in the Top 40 Charts for 20 weeks. The song was included on the Ö3 Greatest Hits vol. 50 andJames Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards. Amadeus Awards.\n\n\n== Background ==\nCottriall grew up in the countryside of Warwickshire, England, just outside Stratford-upon-Avon. He has two brothers, Ben Cottriall and Alex Cottriall. His father is a stamp dealer. His Mother has a degree from Warwick University. He studied German at King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon, and then at the University of Nottingham where part of the course required him to study for one year abroad in a German-speaking country. He chose to study at the University of Vienna in Austria. Following encouragement from fellow students and friends, he began to give performances of his songs in cafés and bars around Vienna, playing a combination of covers together with his own, newly composed songs. He was also a regular and notorious busker on the Kärntnerstraße, in Vienna's town centre. Following a measure of success, when his one year of study was completed, Cottriall chose to remain in Vienna to actively promote his music. On 29 December 2016 his first child, Lily Joy Cottriall was born in Los Angeles. After divorcing his ex- wife in California in 2018 James moved back to Vienna and became engaged to long-term girlfriend Jessica Garrison in 2021.\n\n\n=== 2010: Sincerely Me ===\nCottriall released his single, \"Unbreakable\", in Austria on 9 April 2010. It received generous airplay from almost every local and national Austrian radio station. It reached number 1 in the Ö3 Hörercharts (Most Requested by listeners charts for Austria) and remained in the Top 40 Charts for 20 weeks. The song was included on the Ö3 Greatest Hits vol. 50 and AustroPop Forever vol. 4 compilation albums. The song was accompanied by a promotional video of Cottriall with a fictional girlfriend going through an emotional break-up, with a concurrent sub-plot of him playing his guitar in an apartment with a broken water pipe gradually flooding the room, leaving him eventually submerged.\nHis follow-up single, \"So Nice\" was released on 6 August 2010 through Pop Pate Records/Edel. In contrast to the hurt and heartache of \"Unbreakable\", \"So Nice\" focuses on the positive aspects of love and relationships. It was produced by Gwenael Damman, bass guitarist for Christina Stürmer. Damman also produced Cottriall's first album, Sincerely Me, which was released in Austria 15 October 2010, also through Pop Pate/Edel. Drums were played by Klaus Pérez-Salado (also part of the Christina Stürmer band) and the piano and keyboards were played by Mark Royce.\n\n\n=== 201James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards.James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, in Stratford upon Avon, England) is an English musician, active predominantly, and living in Vienna, Austria. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards.\n\n\n== Background ==\nCottriall grew up in the countryside of Warwickshire, England, just outside Stratford-upon-Avon. He has two brothers, Ben Cottriall and Alex Cottriall. His father is a stamp dealer. His Mother has a degree from Warwick University. He studied German at King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon, and then at the University of Nottingham where part of the course required him to study for one year abroad in a German-speaking country. He chose to study at the University of Vienna in Austria. Following encouragement from fellow students and friends, he began to give performances of his songs in cafés and bars around Vienna, playing a combination of covers together with his own, newly composed songs. He was also a regular and notorious busker on the Kärntnerstraße",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Smile (James Cottriall song)",
"paragraph_text": " on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album Love Is Louder. It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" – 3:55\n\n\n==\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12. Track listing ==\nDigital download\n\"Smile\" –\"Smile\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 11 November 2011. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 48, and has peaked to number 12.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When is the birthdate of the performer known as Smile? | [
{
"id": 814856,
"question": "Smile >> performer",
"answer": "James Cottriall",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 110882,
"question": "What is the date of birth for #1 ?",
"answer": "1 January 1986",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 1 January 1986 | [] | true | What is the Smile performer's birthday? |
2hop__681463_402641 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Chiang Hsiao-wu",
"paragraph_text": " to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan as a result of congestive heart failure brought on by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. He was survived by his wife and two children.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng Xiàow��; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 – July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 asChiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 as the deputy trade representative before being transferred to the mission to Japan in 1990. In a December 1985 speech, Hsiao-wu's father Chiang Ching-kuo declared ��If someone asks me whether anyone in my family would run for the next presidential term, my reply is, ��It can't be and it won't be.′″ Prior to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan as a result of congestive heart failure brought on by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. He was survived by his wife and two children.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng Xiàow��; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 – July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chiang Hsiao-wen",
"paragraph_text": "1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna VakhreChiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as AlanChiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna VakhreChiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is Chiang Hsiao-wen's brother or sister? | [
{
"id": 681463,
"question": "Chiang Hsiao-wen >> father",
"answer": "Chiang Ching-kuo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 402641,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Chiang Hsiao-wu | [
"Alex Chiang"
] | true | Who is the sibling of Chiang Hsiao-wen? |
4hop1__814349_624859_355213_203322 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)",
"paragraph_text": ", Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Vocals\nCharles Calello – Horn Arrangements\nTony Camillo – Horn Arrangements\nBurton Cummings – Piano\n– Percussion\nJimmie Haskell – Horn Arrangements\nJames Newton Howard – Synthesizer\nDan Hrdlicka – Guitar, Background Vocals\nBruce Johnston – Background Vocals\nSteve Knill – Bass, Background Vocals\nDanny Kortchmar – Acoustic Guitar\nD. Dwight Krueger – Drums,The Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\". at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 5, 1976.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, \"The Definitive Collection lives up to its title. Over the course of a single disc, the compilation features all of Eric Carmen's best-known songs and biggest hits\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Musicians ==\nEric Carmen – Bass, Drums, Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Cleveland, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there wereCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North CarolinaCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there wereCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there were 17 families and 89 persons living in the Village of Third Creek Station. It was not until 1884 that the townspeople renamed the town",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "She Did It",
"paragraph_text": " 11 in Canada.\nThis ballad is an upbeat love song about finally finding the right person and experiencing love after being lonely for an extended period of time. It is a happy answer to Carmen's more melancholy hits the year before, \"All By Myself\" and \"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again.\" It has been hailed as \"the best Beach Boys song Brian Wilson never wrote.\"\nBack-up vocals for \"She Did It\" were provided by Bruce Johnston and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, whose 1968 hit \"Do It Again\" is credited by Carmen with being the initial inspiration for the song because of the 'did-its'. \"She Did It\" also features Burton Cummings, formerly of the Guess Who, and a guitar solo by Andrew Gold (\"Lonely Boy\"), featuring his distinctive harmonized lead guitar sound, and drumming by Toto's Jeff Porcaro. Carmen has stated that \"She Did It\" was in turn a source of inspiration for another song, the 1982 hit \"Did It in a Minute\" by Hall & Oates, with whom he was touring at the time their song became a hit.\nThe 45 rpm cover sheath for \"She Did It\" was a black and white of the full-color photo taken for the album, with manuscript lettering instead of the cursive text which appeared on the cover of the LP. The B side, \"Someday,\" was omitted from the \"Boats\" LP, but was placed on Carmen's follow-up album, Change of Heart.\nTwo other songs penned and recorded by Carmen, \"That's Rock '\"She Did It\" is a song written and originally recorded by Eric Carmen in 1977. Carmen's single was a Top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, reaching number 23. \"She Did It\" was covered in 1981 by actor and singer Michael Damian, who reached number 69 on the Hot 100 with his version.\"\"She Did It\" is a song written and originally recorded by Eric Carmen in 1977. Carmen's single was a Top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, reaching number 23. \"She Did It\" was covered in 1981 by actor and singer Michael Damian, who reached number 69 on the Hot 100 with his version. version ==\n\n\n=== Background and release ===\n\"She Did It\" was first recorded and performed by Eric Carmen. Released in August 1977, it was the first and greatest hit on Carmen's second solo LP, Boats Against the Current. It reached number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, number 15 on the Cashbox Top 100, and number 11 in Canada.\nThis ballad is an upbeat love song about finally finding the right person and experiencing love after being lonely for an extended period of time. It is a happy answer to Carmen's more melancholy hits the year before, \"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gold Hill, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "old Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County line. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 372. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road.\n\n\n== Mining ==\nGold was first discovered in what would become the town of Gold Hill in southeastern Rowan County in 1824. $6 million in gold was mined here prior to the Civil War and a mint wasGold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which county is adjacent to the one where the artist who performed She Did It was birthed? | [
{
"id": 814349,
"question": "She Did It >> performer",
"answer": "Eric Carmen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 624859,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Cleveland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 355213,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Rowan County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 203322,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Cabarrus County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Cabarrus County | [] | true | What county shares a border with the county where She Did It's performer was born? |
2hop__6827_49664 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bank of America",
"paragraph_text": "lenburg County. Another was at the intersection of I-85 and US 74 in western Gaston County. A popular option was to locate the facility near Carowinds amusement park, with the 50 yard line being on the state border of North Carolina and South Carolina.\n\n\n== Naming rights ==\nThe stadium was originally known as Carolinas Stadium, a name which remains in use for certain events such as FIFA matches. It opened on August 3, 1996, as Ericsson Stadium after Swedish telecom company LM Ericsson purchased the naming rights in a ten-year, $25 million agreement. In 2004, the stadium received its current name after Bank of America purchased the naming rights for 20 years. Since then, many fans now refer to the stadium as \"BOA\", \"The Bank\", or \"PoundTown\".\n\n\n== Stadium features ==\nBank of America Stadium has many unique external features. Aspects of the stadium's architecture, such as the three huge main entrances, incorporate the team's colors of black, process blue and silver. Arches that connect column supports on the upper deck resemble the shape of half a football, while several acres of numerous trees and landscaping surround the building. The stadium's architecture and design has been compared to that of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and Soldier Field, among others. It has also received mentions for externally resembling \"a fortress\" instead of a stadium.\nEach of the stadium's entrances are flanked on both sides by two larger-than-life bronze panther statues, something unique throughout the entire NFL. These six statues are all named \"Indomitable Spirit\" and were installed in 1996. Each one depicts a crouching, snarling panther with green eyes; they are the largest sculptures ever commissioned in the United States. The names of the team's original PSL owners are engraved into each statue's base.\nThe stadium also hasIts acquisition of investment bank Merrill Lynch in 2008 solidified it as a ``Bulge Bracket bank '', becoming a major player in the investment banking market. As of December 31, 2017, it had US $1.081 trillion in assets under management (AUM). As of December 31, 2016, the company held 10.73% of all bank deposits in the United States. It is one of the Big Four banks in the United States, along with Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo -- its main competitors. Bank of America operates -- but does not necessarily maintain retail branches -- in all 50 states of the United States, the District of Columbia and more than 40 other countries. It has a retail banking footprint that serves approximately 46 million consumer and small business relationships at 4,600 banking centers and 15,900 automated teller machines (ATMs).Bank of America Stadium is aThe history of Bank of America dates back to October 17, 1904, when Amadeo Pietro Giannini founded the Bank of Italy in San Francisco. The Bank of Italy served the needs of many immigrants settling in the United States at that time, providing services denied to them by the existing American banks which typically discriminated against them and often denied service to all but the wealthiest. Giannini was raised by his mother and stepfather Lorenzo Scatena, as his father was fatally shot over a pay dispute with an employee. When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, Giannini was able to save all deposits out of the bank building and away from the fires. Because San Francisco's banks were in smoldering ruins and unable to open their vaults, Giannini was able to use the rescued funds to commence lending within a few days of the disaster. From a makeshift desk consisting of a few planks over two barrels, he lent money to those who wished to rebuild. annual ACC Championship Game through at least 2019; the game was moved in 2016 but reinstated in 2017. The ACC announced on May 19, 2022, that Bank of America Stadium would continue to host the championship through at least the 2030 season. The largest crowd to ever attend a football game at the stadium was on September 9, 2018, when 74,532 fans watched the Panthers defeat the Dallas Cowboys 16–8.\n\n\n== Sites considered for selection ==\nThe Panthers organization considered several possible sites for the stadium's location before choosing the Charlotte center city site. Part of the site was occupied by the historic Good Samaritan Hospital. As part of the preparation for the 2019 Equal Justice Initiative Community Remembrance Project, Charlotte historian Michael Moore determined the site was also significant as the location of the city's first known lynching in 1913.\nOne alternative was near NASCAR's Charlotte Motor Speedway and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in northeast Mecklenburg County. Another was at the",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": " companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, and more recently in artificial intelligence. Boston's economy also includes finance, professional and business services, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Furthermore, Boston's businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country overall for environmental sustainability and new investment.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous era ===\nPrior to European colonization, the region surrounding present-day Boston was inhabited by the Massachusett people who had small, seasonal communities. When a group of settlers led by John Winthrop arrived in 1630, the Shawmut Peninsula was nearly empty of the Native people, as many had died of European diseases brought by early settlers and traders. Archaeological excavations unearthed one of the oldest fishweirs in New England on Boylston Street, which Native people constructed as early as 7,000 years before European arrival in the Western Hemisphere.\n\n\n=== Settlement by Europeans ===\nThe first European to live inBoston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities. the Boston Massacre (1770), the Boston Tea Party (1773), Paul Revere's Midnight Ride (1775), the Battle of Bunker Hill (1775), and the Siege of Boston (1775–1776). Following American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to play an important role as a port, manufacturing hub, and center for education and culture. The city also expanded significantly beyond the original peninsula by filling in land and annexing neighboring towns. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), the first public school (Boston Latin School, 1635), and the first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897).\nBoston has emerged as a national leader in higher education and research and the largest biotechnology hub in the world. The city is also a national leader in scientific research, law, medicine, engineering, and business. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, and more recently in artificial intelligence. Boston's economy also includes finance, professional and business services, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Furthermore, Boston's businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country overall for environmental sustainability and new investment.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous era ===\nPrior to European colonization, the region surrounding present-day Boston was inhabited by the Massachusett people who had small, seasonal communities. When a group of settlers led by John Winthrop arrived in 1630, the Shawmut Peninsula was nearly empty of the Native people, as many had died of European diseases brought by early settlers and traders. Archaeological excavations unearthed one of the oldest fishweirs in New England on Boylston Street, which Native people constructed as early as 7,000 years before European arrival in the Western Hemisphere.\n\n\n=== Settlement by Europeans ===\nThe first European to live in what would become Boston was a Cambridge-educated Anglican cleric named William Blaxton. He was the person most directly responsible for the foundation of Boston by Puritan colonists in 1630. This occurred after Blaxton invited one of their leaders, Isaac Johnson, to cross Back Bay from the failing colony of Charlestown and share the peninsula. The Puritans made the crossing in September 1630.\n\n\n==== The name \"Boston\" ====\nBefore Johnson died on September 30, 1630, he named their then-new settlement across the river \"Boston\". (This was one of his last official acts as the leader of the Charlestown community.) The settlement's name came from Johnson's hometown of Boston, Lincolnshire, from which he, his wife (namesake of the Arbella) and John Cotton (grandfather of Cotton Mather) had emigrated to New England. The name of the English town ultimately derives from its patron saint, St. Botolph, in whose church John Cotton served as the rector until his emigration with Johnson. In early sources, Lincolnshire's Boston was known as \"St. Botolph's town\", later contracted to \"Boston\". Before this renaming, the settlement on the peninsula had been known as \"Shawmut\" by Blaxton and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the initial name of the banking institution that purchased FleetBoston Financial? | [
{
"id": 6827,
"question": "Who bought FleetBoston Financial?",
"answer": "Bank of America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 49664,
"question": "what was the original name of #1",
"answer": "Bank of Italy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Bank of Italy | [] | true | What was the original name of the bank that bought FleetBoston Financial? |
2hop__685280_510757 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Unwinding",
"paragraph_text": ". Like The Unwinding, the U.S.A. trilogy combined longer narrative accounts of its main characters with short biographies of influential figures of the time period and collections of newspaper headlines and song lyrics.\nThe Unwinding won the 2013 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for the 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award.\n\n\n== Contents ==\n\n\n=== Jeff Connaughton ===\nJeff Connaughton began a decades-long affiliation with Senator Joe Biden in 1979 when, as a student at the University of Alabama, he invited the Senator to speak to a campus group. Connaughton was so impressed by Biden that he committed to working for Biden if the Senator ever ran for President. After earning an M.B.A. degree and working for a few years in the financial industry, Connaughton joined Biden's 1988 presidential campaign as a fundraiser. After the campaign imploded, Connaughton found a job on the staff of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He later worked for Abner Mikva in the White House Counsel's office during the Clinton administration. Although Connaughton was identified in Washington as a \"Biden guy\" he was deeply disappointed with what he perceived as ingratitude by Biden – for instance, the Senator refused to call Mikva to recommend Connaughton. Still, after leaving the White House, Connaughton parlayed his connections into a career as a lobbyist for the firm Quinn Gillespie & Associates, representing clients such as Laurent Gbagbo, the President of the Ivory Coast. Connaughton held frequent fundraisers for politicians in order to gain access to their offices.\nWhen Biden became Vice President and Ted Kaufman, Biden's former Chief of Staff was appointed to fill Biden's Senate seat, Connaughton went to work for Kaufman. Together, Kaufman and Connaughton worked on reform of the financial services industry in the wake of the Great Recession. They encouraged criminal prosecution of financial fraud cases as well as limits to the size of banks, but met with limited success. Connaughton found that the lobbyists he used to work with had better information and more input on financial reform regulation than he had as a Senate aide. Connaughton believed that advocates for U.S. financial system reform, such as the group Americans for Financial Reform, were being overwhelmed by industry lobbyists. After Kaufman's term ended, ConnaThe Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America is a 2013 non-fiction book by the American journalist George Packer. The book uses biographies of individual Americans as a means of discussing important forces in American history from 1978 to 2012, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the decline of American manufacturing, and the influence of money on politics. \"The Unwinding\" includes lengthy profiles of five subjects: a Youngstown, Ohio factory worker turned community organizer, a biodiesel entrepreneur from North Carolina, a Washington lobbyist and Congressional staffer, the Silicon Valley entrepreneur Peter Thiel, and people involved in the distressed housing market in Tampa, Florida. Interspersed with these longer accounts are ten briefer biographical sketches of famous Americans such as the rapper Jay-Z, the politician Newt Gingrich, and the restaurateur and food activist Alice Waters.TheThe Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America is a 2013 non-fiction book by the American journalist George Packer. The book uses biographies of individual Americans as a means of discussing important forces in American history from 1978 to 2012, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the decline of American manufacturing, and the influence of money on politics. \"The Unwinding\" includes lengthy profiles of five subjects: a Youngstown, Ohio factory worker turned community organizer, a biodiesel entrepreneur from North Carolina, a Washington lobbyist and Congressional staffer, the Silicon Valley entrepreneur Peter Thiel, and people involved in the distressed housing market in Tampa, Florida. Interspersed with these longer accounts are ten briefer biographical sketches of famous Americans such as the rapper Jay-Z, the politician Newt Gingrich, and the restaurateur and food activist Alice Waters. interview with PBS NewsHour, Packer defined the book's theme as the unraveling of \"a contract that said if you work hard, if you essentially are a good citizen, there will be a place for you, not only an economic place, you will have a secure life, your kids will have a chance to have a better life, but you will sort of be recognized as part of the national fabric.\" The Unwinding follows the decline of a number of American institutions that Packer believes underpinned this contract, including locally owned businesses, unions, and public schools. According to Packer, the \"void\" left by the decline of these institutions \"was filled by the default force in American life, organized money.\"\nThe book's format and style were inspired by John Dos Passos' U.S.A. trilogy, a series of novels published in the 1930s. Like The Unwinding, the U.S.A. trilogy combined longer narrative accounts of its main characters with short biographies of influential figures of the time period and collections of newspaper headlines and song lyrics.\nThe Unwinding won the 2013 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for the 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award.\n\n\n== Contents ==\n\n\n=== Jeff Connaughton ===\nJeff Connaught",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 17,
"title": "The Village of Waiting",
"paragraph_text": " leaving Togo six months prior to the end of his contracted period of service. He chose not to mention this fact in the book, however.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Village of Waiting at Google BooksAfter serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982–1983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting aboutAfter serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982–1983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting about his experiences there. The book chronicles Packer's time as an English teacher in the small village of Lavie (meaning \"wait a little longer\"), as well as his visits to the capital Lomé and several other African countries. Packer mixes anecdotes about the people he met in Togo with political observations (notably harsh criticisms of Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadema) and many of the lessons he learned while serving. In an afterword to the most recent (2001) edition, Packer follows up with many of the characters from the original version and reflects upon the changes Togo has experienced since his time there. Packer was an early termination from the Peace Corps, leaving Togo six months prior to the end of his contracted period of service. He chose not to mention this in the book.AfterAfter serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982–1983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting about his experiences there. The book chronicles Packer's time as an English teacher in the small village of Lavie (meaning \"wait a little longer\"), as well as his visits to the capital Lomé and several other African countries. Packer mixes anecdotes about the people he met in Togo with political observations (notably harsh criticisms of Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadema) and many of the lessons he learned while serving. In an afterword to the most recent (2001) edition, Packer follows up with many of the characters from the original version and reflects upon the changes Togo has experienced since his time there. Packer was an early termination from the Peace Corps, leaving Togo six months prior to the end of his contracted period of service. He chose not to mention this in the book. fact in the book, however.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Village of Waiting at Google BooksAfter serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982–1983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting about his experiences there. The book chronicles Packer's time as an English teacher in the small village of Lavie (meaning \"wait a little longer\"), as well as his visits to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For which establishment did the author of The Unwinding offer his voluntary services? | [
{
"id": 685280,
"question": "The Unwinding >> author",
"answer": "George Packer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 510757,
"question": "#1 >> member of",
"answer": "Peace Corps",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Peace Corps | [] | true | The Unwinding author volunteered for which organisation? |
2hop__450608_373421 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": " area belonged to the Vilnius Voivodship and Trakai Voivodship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the Russian Empire it belonged to the Northwestern Krai and approximately corresponded to its Vilna Governorate (as of 1843). During World War I, following the German offensive of 1915, it was occupied by the German army. After the war, some parts of the area was ruled by local Polish self-government established after the German Ober-Ost army withdrew from the area.\nFollowing the start of the Polish-Bolshevik War in 1919, it was occupied by the Red Army, which was pushed back by the Polish Army. In 1920, it was again occupied by the Red Army, but the Soviets officially recognized the sovereignty of the Lithuanian Republic over the city immediately after defeat during Battle of Warsaw. During their retreat, the Bolsheviks passed the sovereignty over the area to Lithuania. The Polish commander Józef Piłsudski ordered his subordinate general Lucjan ��eligowski to \"rebel\" his Lithuanian-Belarusian division and capture the city of Vilnius, without declaring war on Lithuania. The area of the future Vilnius County was seized by the Polish forces without significant opposition from Lithuanian forces and Gen. ��eligowski created a short-lived state called the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the elections held there in 1922 the state was incorporated into Poland (see Vilnius region, Central Lithuania).\nAs a result of the Nazi-Soviet Alliance and the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the area was captured by the Soviet Union, which transferred parts of what is now Vilnius County and Utena County to Lithuania, only to annex it the following year. In 1941, it was conquered by the Nazi Germany. During World War II, the area saw formation of many resistance units, most notably the Polish Home Army and, after 1943, Soviet partisans. After the war, Vilniaus Apskritis existed as a relic of the pre-war independent state in Lithuanian SSR between 1944 and 1950. In this period, a significant part of its population moved to Poland during the so-called repatriation.\nAfter 1990, when Lithuania became independent, Vilnius county was re-established differently in 1994. This entity has different boundaries than any previous entity and is not directly related to previous entities in this area. The mission of the county is different as well: its primary goal (as in that of Lithuania's other counties) is to oversee that municipalities in its area follow the laws of Lithuania.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nThe county is subdivided into six district municipalities, one municipality and one city municipality:\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAccording to the 2021 census, the county population was 810,797 people, of which:\n\nLithuanians – 63.07% (511,426)\nPoles – 21.08% (170,919)\nRussians – 8.65% (70,170)\nBelarusians – 2.59% (21,055)\nUkrainians – 0.76% (6,170)\nOthers / did not specify – 3.82% (31,048)\n\n\n== Economy ==\nIn 2022, GDP per capita of Vilnius County was €35,300, making it the richest county in Lithuania and Baltic States.\n\nAs of 2022, the average monthly gross wage in Vilnius County reached €2,002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nSocial and demographic characteristics of Vilnius County\nEconomy of Vilnius County\nEnvironment of Vilnius CountyVilnius County (Lithuanian: Vilniaus apskritis) is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius and is also known as Capital Region or Sostin��s regionas by the Lithuanian statistics department and Eurostat. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nUntil the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in late 18th century the area belonged to the Vilnius Voivodship and Trakai Voivodship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the Russian Empire it belonged to the Northwestern Krai and approximately corresponded to its Vilna Governorate (as of 1843). During World War I, following the German offensive of 1915, it was occupied by the German army. After the war, some parts of the area was ruled by local Polish self-government established after the German Ober-Ost army withdrew from the area.\nFollowing the start of the Polish-Bolshevik War in 1919, it was occupied by the Red Army, which was pushed back by the Polish Army. In 1920, it was again occupied by the Red Army, but the Soviets officially recognized the sovereignty of the Lithuanian Republic over the city immediately after defeat during Battle of Warsaw. During their retreat, the Bolsheviks passed the sovereignty over the area to Lithuania. The Polish commander Józef Piłsudski ordered his subordinate general Lucjan ��eligowski to \"rebel\" his Lithuanian-Belarusian division and capture the city of Vilnius, without declaring war on Lithuania. The area of the future Vilnius County was seized by the Polish forces without significant opposition from Lithuanian forces and Gen. ��eligowski created a short-lived state called the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the elections held there in 1922 the state was incorporated into Poland (see Vilnius region, Central Lithuania).\nAs a result of the Nazi-Soviet Alliance and the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the area was captured by the Soviet Union, which transferred parts of what is now Vilnius County and Utena County to Lithuania, only to annex it the following year. In 1941, it was conquered by the Nazi Germany. During World War II, the area saw formation of many resistance units, most notably the Polish Home Army and, after 1943, Soviet partisans. After the war, Vilniaus Apskritis existed as a relic of the pre-war independent state in Lithuanian SSRVilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.ianVilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Ukmergė District Municipality",
"paragraph_text": "The Ukmergė District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmergė, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region.The Ukmerg�� District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmerg��, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region.The Ukmerg�� District Municipality is a municipality in Vilnius County, Lithuania. The capital of the municipality is Ukmerg��, the largest settlement and only city in the municipality. The entire municipality belongs to Aukštaitija ethnographic region.\n\n\n== Settlements ==\n\nThere are 10 towns in Ukmerg�� municipality: Deltuva, Lyduokiai, Pabaiskas, Siesikai, ��ešuoliai, Tauj��nai, Vepriai, Vidiškiai, ��elva and ��emaitkiemis. Ukmerg�� municipality shares the second place in Lithuania (with Radviliškis District Municipality) according to the number of towns. There are 612 villages in the municipality, of which 234 are full parishes.\nVepriai is the most populous town in the municipality and is a local tourism (notably rural tourism) center. Siesikai is best known for the 16th century Renaissance Siesikai (Daumantai) Castle near Siesikai Lake. Deltuva has been the centre of the important Deltuva Land at the emergence of the centralised Lithuanian State. The ruins of one of the first Calvinist churches in Lithuania (17th century, Renaissance style) are near Deltuva. Pabaiskas was established near the location where the Battle of Wiłkomierz between the armies led by ��ygimantas Kęstutaitis and ��vitrigaila took place on 1 September 1435.\nThe first president of the independent Lithuanian state Antanas Smetona was born in Užul��nis, now Ukmerg�� District.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nThe eastern",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which county is the one that counts Ukmergė District Municipality as part of its territory? | [
{
"id": 450608,
"question": "Ukmergė District Municipality >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 373421,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "counties of Lithuania",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | counties of Lithuania | [
"lt",
"Lithuania"
] | true | What is the county where Ukmergė District Municipality is located one of? |
3hop1__567955_503371_21711 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Layana",
"paragraph_text": " the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (Arabic: لينا), Leena and Lena, all relating to the meaning \"tender\" or \"soft.\" All three names also can take their origin from other languages.\n\n\n== Notes ==Layan (Arabic: ليان) is a feminine Arabic given name meaning \"prosperity life\", \"soft, gentle.\" Leen (Arabic: لين) is a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common in Western countries as well include Lina (ArabicLayana is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 120 inhabitants.LLayana is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 120 inhabitants. a related name. Both are among the most popular names given to newborn girls in the Arab world in the past decade.(a7la isim)\nVariants of the name are also in use in the United States and other Western countries, often translated with different spellings. Other related Arabic names that are common",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Gothic architecture",
"paragraph_text": "rals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World HeritageThe Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.ity.\nThe defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows.\nAt the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was reconstructed between 1140 and 1144, drawing together for the first time the developing Gothic architectural features. In doing so, a new architectural style emerged that emphasized verticality and the effect created by the transmission of light through stained glass windows.\nCommon examples are found in Christian ecclesiastical architecture, and Gothic cathedrals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.\nWith the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style, but in some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century.\n\n\n== Name ==\n Medieval contemporaries described the style as Latin: op",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Martin of Aragon",
"paragraph_text": " 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.\n\n\n== Background ==\nMartin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.\nAs a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of Besalú. In Barcelona on 13 June 1372, Martin married María López de Luna (d. VillMartin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.== Background ==\nMartin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.\nAs a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of BesalúMartin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the construction date of the Palau de la Generalitat in the city where Martin from the Layana region passed away? | [
{
"id": 567955,
"question": "Layana >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Aragon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 503371,
"question": "Martin of #1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 21711,
"question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat in #2 constructed?",
"answer": "built in the 15th century",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | built in the 15th century | [
"15th century"
] | true | When was the Palau de la Generalitat constructed in the city where Martin of the region where Layana is located died? |
4hop2__161602_426860_88460_21074 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "That Dam",
"paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupaThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area isMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament, including Australia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand were selected",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is in charge of the educational system in the nation that acts as a geographical border between the country in which the competition took place and the country housing That Dam? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 426860,
"question": "That Dam >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 21074,
"question": "Who runs the school system in #3 ?",
"answer": "the Ministry of Education",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | the Ministry of Education | [] | true | Who runs the school system in the country that is the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where That Dam is located? |
2hop__48784_70131 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Freikorps",
"paragraph_text": " the Weimar Republic. However, many Freikorps also largely despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters, later aiding the Nazis in their rise to power.\n\n\n== Origins ==\n\nThe first Freikorps were recruited by Frederick the Great during the Seven Years' War. On 15 July 1759, Frederick ordered the creation of a squadron of volunteer hussars to be attached to the 1st Hussar Regiment (von Kleist's Own). He entrusted the creation and command of this new unit to Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Kleist. This first squadron (80 men) was raised in Dresden and consisted mainly of Hungarian deserters. This squadron was placed under the command of Lieutenant Johann Michael von Kovacs. At the end of 1759, the first four squadrons of dragoons (also called horse grenadiers) of the Freikorps were organised. They initially consisted of Prussian volunteers from Berlin, Magdeburg, Mecklenburg and Leipzig, but later recruited deserters. The Freikorps were regarded as unreliable by regular armies, so they were used mainly as sentries and for minor duties.\nThese early Freikorps appeared during the War of the Austrian Succession and especially the Seven Years' War, when France, Prussia, and the Habsburg monarchy embarked on an escalation of petty warfare while conserving their regular regiments. Even during the lastIn the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19, Freikorps consisting largely of World War I veterans were raised as right - wing paramilitary militias, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the government against the Soviet - backed German Communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, the Freikorps also despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters. The Freikorps were widely seen as a precursor to Nazism, and many of their volunteers ended up joining the Nazi militia, the Sturmabteilung (SA). An entire series of Freikorps awards also existed.or, more rarely, as artillery); sometimes in just company strength and sometimes in formations of up to several thousand strong. There were also various mixed formations or legions. The Prussian von Kleist Freikorps included infantry, jäger, dragoons and hussars. The French Volontaires de Saxe combined uhlans and dragoons.\nIn the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918–19, Freikorps, consisting partially of World War I veterans, were raised as paramilitary militias. They were ostensibly mustered to fight on behalf of the government against the German communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, many Freikorps also largely despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters, later aiding the Nazis in their rise to power.\n\n\n== Origins ==\n\nThe first Freikorps were recruited by Frederick the Great during the Seven Years' War. On 15 July 1759, Frederick ordered the creation of a squadron of volunteer hussars to be attached to the 1st Hussar Regiment (von Kleist's Own). He entrusted the creation and command of this new unit to Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Kleist. This first squadron (80 men) was raised in Dresden and consisted mainly of Hungarian deserters. This squadron was placed under the command of Lieutenant Johann Michael von Kovacs. At the end of 1759, the first four squadrons of dragoons (also called horse grenadiers) of the Freikorps were organised. They initially consisted of Prussian volunteers from Berlin, Magdeburg, Mecklenburg and Leipzig, but later recruited deserters. The Freikorps were regarded as unreliable by regular armies, so they were used mainly as sentries and for minor duties.\nThese early Freikorps appeared during the War of the Austrian Succession and especially the Seven Years' War, when France, Prussia, and the Habsburg monarchy embarked on an escalation of petty warfare while conserving their regular regiments. Even during the last Kabinettskrieg, the War of the Bavarian Succession, Freikorp formations were formed in 1778. Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Lithuanians, and South Slavs, as well as Turks, Tatars and Cossacks, were believed by all warring parties to be inherently good fighters. The nationality of many soldiers can no longer be ascertained as the ethnic origin was often described imprecisely in the regimental lists. Slavs (Croats, Serbs) were often referred to as \"Hungarians\" or just \"Croats\", and Muslim recruits (Albanians,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Weimar Republic",
"paragraph_text": " or substantially amend the Weimar constitution. Nevertheless, Hitler's seizure of power (Machtergreifung) had effectively ended the republic, replacing its constitutional framework with Führerprinzip, the principle that \"the Führer's word is above all written law\".\n\n\n== Name and symbols ==\nThe Weimar Republic is so called because the Weimar National Assembly that adopted its constitution met in Weimar from 6 February to 11 August 1919, but the name only became mainstream after 1933.\n\n\n=== Terminology ===\nEven though the National Assembly chose to retain the old name Deutsches Reich (Art. 1 of the Constitution), hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period, and no single name for the new state gained widespread acceptance. To the right of the spectrum, the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and were appalled to see the honour of the traditional word Reich associated with it. The Catholic Centre Party favoured the term Deutscher VolksThe Weimar Republic is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar, Germany from 6 February 1919 to 11 August 1919, but this name only became mainstream after 1933. Between 1919 and 1933 there was no single name for the new state that gained widespread acceptance, which is precisely why the old name ``Deutsches Reich ''continued in existence even though hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period. To the right of the spectrum the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and cringed to see the honour of the traditional word`` Reich'' associated with it. The Catholic Centre party, Zentrum favoured the term ``Deutscher Volksstaat ''(`` German People's State'') while on the moderate left the Chancellor's SPD preferred ``Deutsche Republik ''(`` German Republic''). By 1925 ``Deutsche Republik ''was used by most Germans, but for the anti-democratic right the word`` Republik'' was, along with the relocation of the seat of power to Weimar, a painful reminder of a government structure that had been imposed by foreign statesmen, along with the expulsion of Kaiser Wilhelm in the wake of massive national humiliation. The first recorded mention of the term ``Republik von Weimar ''(`` Republic of Weimar'') came during a speech delivered by Adolf Hitler at a National Socialist German Worker's Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929; it was a few weeks later that the term ``Weimar Republik ''was first used (again by Hitler) in a newspaper article. Only during the 1930s did the term become mainstream, both within and outside Germany.TheThe Weimar Republic is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar, Germany from 6 February 1919 to 11 August 1919, but this name only became mainstream after 1933. Between 1919 and 1933 there was no single name for the new state that gained widespread acceptance, which is precisely why the old name ``Deutsches Reich ''continued in existence even though hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period. To the right of the spectrum the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and cringed to see the honour of the traditional word`` Reich'' associated with it. The Catholic Centre party, Zentrum favoured the term ``Deutscher Volksstaat ''(`` German People's State'') while on the moderate left the Chancellor's SPD preferred ``Deutsche Republik ''(`` German Republic''). By 1925 ``Deutsche Republik ''was used by most Germans, but for the anti-democratic right the word`` Republik'' was, along with the relocation of the seat of power to Weimar, a painful reminder of a government structure that had been imposed by foreign statesmen, along with the expulsion of Kaiser Wilhelm in the wake of massive national humiliation. The first recorded mention of the term ``Republik von Weimar ''(`` Republic of Weimar'') came during a speech delivered by Adolf Hitler at a National Socialist German Worker's Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929; it was a few weeks later that the term ``Weimar Republik ''was first used (again by Hitler) in a newspaper article. Only during the 1930s did the term become mainstream, both within and outside Germany. it joined the League of Nations, which marked its reintegration into the international community. Nevertheless, especially on the political right, there remained strong and widespread resentment against the treaty and those who had signed and supported it.\nThe Great Depression of October 1929 severely impacted Germany's tenuous progress; high unemployment and subsequent social and political unrest led to the collapse of Chancellor Hermann Müller's grand coalition and the beginning of the presidential cabinets. From March 1930 onwards, President Paul von Hindenburg used emergency powers to back Chancellors Heinrich Brüning, Franz von Papen and General Kurt von Schleicher. The Great Depression, exacerbated by Brüning's policy of deflation, led to a surge in unemployment. On 30 January 1933, Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor to head a coalition government; Hitler's far-right Nazi Party held two out of ten cabinet seats. Von Papen, as Vice-Chancellor and Hindenburg's confidant, was to serve as the éminence grise who would keep Hitler under control; these intentions severely underestimated Hitler's political abilities. By the end of March 1933, the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act of 1933 were used in the perceived state of emergency to effectively grant the new Chancellor broad power to act outside parliamentary control. Hitler promptly used these powers to thwart constitutional governance and suspend civil liberties, which brought about the swift collapse of democracy at the federal and state level, and the creation of a one-party dictatorship under his leadership.\nUntil the end of World War II in Europe in 1945, the Nazis governed Germany under the pretense that all the extraordinary measures and laws they implemented were constitutional; notably, there was never an attempt to replace or substantially amend the Weimar constitution. Nevertheless, Hitler's seizure of power (Machtergreifung) had effectively ended the republic, replacing its constitutional framework with Führerprinzip, the principle that \"the Führer's word is above all written law\".\n\n\n== Name and symbols ==\nThe Weimar Republic is so called because the Weimar National Assembly that adopted its constitution met in Weimar from 6 February to 11 August 1919, but the name only became mainstream after 1933.\n\n\n=== Terminology ===\nEven though the National Assembly chose to retain the old name Deutsches Reich (Art. 1 of the Constitution), hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period, and no single name for the new state gained widespread acceptance. To the right of the spectrum, the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and were appalled to see the honour of the traditional word Reich associated with it. The Catholic Centre Party favoured the term Deutscher VolksThe Weimar Republic is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar, Germany from 6 February 1919 to 11 August 1919, but this name only became mainstream after 1933. Between 1919 and 1933 there was no single name for the new state that gained widespread acceptance, which is precisely why the old name ``Deutsches Reich ''continued in existence even though hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period. To the right of the spectrum the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and cringed to see the honour of the traditional word`` Reich'' associated with it. The Catholic Centre party, Zentrum favoured the term ``Deutscher Volksstaat ''(`` German People's State'') while on the moderate left the Chancellor's SPD preferred ``Deutsche Republik ''(`` German Republic''). By 1925 ``Deutsche Republik ''was used by most Germans, but for the anti-democratic right the word`` Republik'' was, along with the relocation of the seat of power to Weimar, a painful reminder of a government structure that had been imposed by foreign statesmen, along with the expulsion of Kaiser Wilhelm in the wake of massive national humiliation. The first recorded mention of the term ``Republik von Weimar ''(`` Republic of Weimar'') came during a speech delivered by Adolf Hitler at a National Socialist German Worker's Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929; it was a few weeks later that the term ``Weimar Republik ''was first used (again by Hitler) in a newspaper article. Only during the 1930s did the term become mainstream, both within and outside Germany.The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called \"Germany\", with \"Weimar Republic\" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s.\nAfter the end of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a revolution, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, formal surrender to the Allies, and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918.\nIn its initial years, grave problems beset the Republic, such as hyperinflation and political extremism, including political murders and two attempted seizures of power by contending paramilitaries; internationally, it suffered isolation, reduced diplomatic standing and contentious relationships with the great powers. By 1924, a great deal of monetary and political stability was restored, and the republic enjoyed relative prosperity for the next five years; this period, sometimes known as the Golden Twenties, was characterised by significant cultural flourishing, social progress, and gradual improvement in foreign relations. Under the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who were responsible for the establishment of free crops in the place where the democratic regime was instituted in Germany in the year 1919? | [
{
"id": 48784,
"question": "the democratic government set up in germany in 1919 was called the",
"answer": "Weimar Republic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 70131,
"question": "who constituted the free crops in #1",
"answer": "consisting largely of World War I veterans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | consisting largely of World War I veterans | [] | true | Who constituted the free crops in the location where the democratic government set up in Germany in 1919? |
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