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2hop__91626_96912 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Adam Smith Prize",
"paragraph_text": "unliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou, an army officer, and his wife Nora Biddel Frances Sophia, daughter of Sir John Lees, 3rd Baronet. He won a scholarship to Harrow School, where he was in Newlands house and became the first modern head of school. The school's economics society is named The Pigou Society in his honour. In 1896 he was admitted as a history scholar to King's College, Cambridge, where he first read history under Oscar Browning. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for English Verse in 1899, and the Cobden (1901), Burney (1901), and Adam Smith Prizes (1903), and made his mark in the Cambridge Union Society, of which he was President in 1900. He came to economics through the study of philosophy and ethics under the Moral Science Tripos. He studied economics under Alfred Marshall, whom he later succeeded as professor of political economy. His first and unsuccessful attempt at a fellowship of King's was a thesis on \"Browning as a Religious Teacher\".\n\n\n== Academic work ==\nPigou began lecturing on economics in 1901 and started giving the course on advanced economics to second year students on which was based the education of many Cambridge economists over the next thirty years. In his early days he lectured on a variety of subjects outside economics. He became a Fellow of King's College on his second attempt in March 1902, and was appointed Girdler's Lecturer in the summer of 1904. He devoted himself to exploring the various departments of economic doctrine, and as a result published the works on which his worldwide reputation rests. He specifically studied under Alfred Marshall and focused on normative economics. He became intrigued by welfare economics, which examines the overall benefit to society that comes from all the decisions made: those that individuals make about buying, selling and working, and those that firms make about production and employment. His first work was more philosophical than his later work, as he expanded the essay which had won him the Adam Smith Prize in 1903 into Principles and Methods of Industrial Peace.\nIn 1908 Pigou was elected Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge in succession to Alfred Marshall. He held the post until 1943.\nIn 1909 he wrote an essay in favour of Land Value Taxation, likely to be interpreted as support for Lloyd George's People's Budget. Marshall's views on the land value tax were the inspiration for his view on taxing negative externalities.\nPigou's most enduring contribution was The Economics of Welfare, 1920, in which he introduced the concept of externality and the idea that externality problems could beThe Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice.ArThe Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice. of economics, particularly welfare economics, but also included business cycle theory, unemployment, public finance, index numbers, and measurement of national output. His reputation was affected adversely by influential economic writers who used his work as the basis on which to define their own opposing views. He reluctantly served on several public committees, including the Cunliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou, an army officer, and his wife Nora Biddel Frances Sophia, daughter of Sir John Lees, 3rd Baronet. He won a scholarship to Harrow School, where he was in Newlands house and became the first modern head of school. The school's economics society is named The Pigou Society in his honour. In 1896 he was admitted as a history scholar to King's College, Cambridge, where he first read history under Oscar Browning. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for English Verse in 1899, and the Cobden (1901), Burney (1901), and Adam Smith Prizes (1903), and made his mark in the Cambridge Union Society, of which he was President in 1900. He came to economics through the study of philosophy and ethics under the Moral Science Tripos. He studied economics under Alfred Marshall, whom he later succeeded as professor of political economy. His first and unsuccessful attempt at a fellowship of King's was a thesis on \"Browning as a Religious Teacher\".\n\n\n== Academic work ==\nPigou began lecturing on economics in 1901 and started giving the course on advanced economics to second year students on which was based the education of many Cambridge economists over the next thirty years. In his early days he lectured on a variety of subjects outside economics. He became a Fellow of King's College on his second attempt in March 1902, and was appointed Girdler's Lecturer in the summer of 1904. He devoted himself to exploring the various departments of economic doctrine, and as a result published the works on which his worldwide reputation rests. He specifically studied under Alfred Marshall and focused on normative economics. He became intrigued by welfare economics, which examines the overall benefit to society that comes from all the decisions made: those that individuals make about buying, selling and working, and those that firms make about production and employment. His first work was more philosophical than his later work, as he expanded the essay which had won him the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Wealth of Nations",
"paragraph_text": " accounts of what builds nations' wealth, and has become a fundamental work in classical economics. Reflecting upon economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Smith addresses topics such as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Wealth of Nations was published in two volumes on 9 March 1776 (with books I–III included in the first volume and books IV and V included in the second), during the Scottish Enlightenment and the Scottish Agricultural Revolution. It influenced several authors and economists, such as Karl Marx, as well as governments and organizations, setting the terms for economic debate and discussion for the next century and a half. For example, Alexander Hamilton was influenced in part by The Wealth of Nations to write his Report on Manufactures, in which he argued against many of Smith's policies. Hamilton based much of this report on the ideas of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, and it was, in part, Colbert's ideas that Smith responded to, and criticised, with The Wealth of Nations.\nThe Wealth of Nations was the product of seventeen years of notes and earlier studies, as well as an observation of conversation among economists of the time (like Nicholas Magens) concerning economic and societal conditions during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and it took Smith some ten years to produce. The result was a treatise which sought to offer a practical application for reformed economic theory to replace the mercantilist and physiocratic economic theories that were becoming less relevant in the time of industrial progress and innovation. It provided the foundation for economists, politicians, mathematicians, and thinkers of all fields to build upon. Irrespective of historical influence, The Wealth of Nations represented a clear paradigm shift in the field of economics, comparable to what Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason was for philosophy.\n\nFive editions of The Wealth of Nations were published during Smith's lifetime: in 1776, 1778, 1784, 1786 and 1789. Numerous editions appeared after Smith's death in 1790. To better understand the evolution of the work under Smith's hand, a team led by Edwin Cannan collated the first five editions. The differences were published along with an edited sixth edition in 1904. They found minor but numerous differences (including the addition of many footnotes) between the first and the second editions; the differences between the second and third editions areThe Wealth of Nations Author Adam Smith Country Scotland Language English Genre Economics, Philosophy Publisher W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London Publication date 1776The Wealth of Nations Author Adam Smith Country Scotland Language English Genre Economics, Philosophy Publisher W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London Publication date 1776 the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith (1723–1790). First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first connected accounts of what builds nations' wealth, and has become a fundamental work in classical economics. Reflecting upon economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Smith addresses topics such as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Wealth of Nations was published in two volumes on 9 March 1776 (with books I–III included in the first volume and books IV and V included in the second), during the Scottish Enlightenment and the Scottish Agricultural Revolution. It influenced several authors and economists, such as Karl Marx, as well as governments and organizations, setting the terms for economic debate and discussion for the next century and a half. For example, Alexander Hamilton was influenced in part by The Wealth of Nations to write his Report on Manufactures, in which he argued against many of Smith's policies. Hamilton based much of this report on the ideas of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, and it was, in part, Colbert's ideas that Smith responded to, and criticised, with The Wealth of Nations.\nThe Wealth of Nations was the product of seventeen years of notes and earlier studies, as well as an observation of conversation among economists of the time (like Nicholas Magens) concerning economic and societal conditions during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and it took Smith some ten years to produce. The result was a treatise which sought to offer a practical application for reformed economic theory to replace the mercantilist and physiocratic economic theories that were becoming less relevant in the time of industrial progress and innovation. It provided the foundation for economists, politicians, mathematicians, and thinkers of all fields to build upon. Irrespective of historical influence, The Wealth of Nations represented a clear paradigm shift in the field of economics, comparable to what Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason was for philosophy.\n\nFive editions of The Wealth of Nations were published during Smith's lifetime: in 1776, 1778, 1784, 1786 and 1789. Numerous editions appeared after Smith's death in 1790. To better understand the evolution of the work under Smith's hand, a team led by Edwin Cannan collated the first five editions. The differences were published along with an edited sixth edition in 1904. They found minor but numerous differences (including the addition of many footnotes) between the first and the second editions; the differences between the second and third editions areThe Wealth of Nations Author Adam Smith Country Scotland Language English Genre Economics, Philosophy Publisher W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London Publication date 1776An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith (1723–1790). First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first connected accounts of what builds nations' wealth, and has become a fundamental work in classical economics. Reflecting upon economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Smith addresses topics such as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets.\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the distributor of the award named for the writer of The Wealth of Nations? | [
{
"id": 91626,
"question": "who is the author of the wealth of nations",
"answer": "Adam Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 96912,
"question": "Who gives out the #1 Prize award?",
"answer": "University of Cambridge",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | University of Cambridge | [
"Cambridge"
] | true | Who gives out the prize named after the author of The Wealth of Nations? |
3hop2__831456_467331_162182 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. In the Nguy��n dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực K�� (the area located in the right of Th��a Thiên).\n\n\n== ProSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. In the Nguy��n dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực K�� (the area located in the right of Th��a Thiên).\n\n\n== Provinces ==\n\n\n== History ==\nThe region was inhabited by people of the Sa Hu��nh culture between around 1000 BC and 200 AD. Remains of this ancient civilization were found in Sa Hu��nh, Quảng Ngãi province. It was succeeded by a kingdom called Lin-yi (����) by the Chinese or Lâm ��p in Vietnamese that was in existence from 192 AD. Its political center was just north of the South Central Coast near Huế. Lin-yi was culturally influenced by India. According to Chinese sources, it repeatedly raided Jiaozhi (Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), which was one factor that contributed to several wars between Jiaozhi and their Chinese colonizers against Lin-yi in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries.\n\nThe historic territory of Champa roughly equals the South Central Coast region, although it has at times extended well into the North Central Coast and its influence also extended into the Central Highlands. Except for its first capital, all of Champa's political centers were located in the South Central Coast. Some of the earlier capitals, as well as the religious center of M�� Sơn and the port city of Hội An",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang",
"paragraph_text": " equipment; a military museum; a reproduction of Ho Chi Minh's house in Hanoi; and a Ho Chi Minh Museum.\n\n\n=== Outdoor display ===\nItems on display:\n\n100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) produced in Soviet Union\nCessna A-37 Dragonfly 10793 light aircraft captured at Da Nang Air Base on March 29, 1975 and later used in the Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base\nBLU-82 \"Daisy Cutter\" bomb recovered from An Lão District in 2006\nSoviet-built Bulldozers (2)\nCessna O-1 Bird Dog 042 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the early stages of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM8 Greyhound armoured car captured from Groupe Mobile 100 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM-46 130mm towed field gun\nM41 tank used by the ARVN 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment and captured at Tân Cảnh during the Battle of Kontum in May 1972\nM48A3 Patton tank used by the ARVN 1st Cavalry Brigade and captured at Da Nang on March 29, 1975\nM101 howitzer (2) captured in Bình Định Province in 1972\nM102 howitzer captured in April 1975\nM107 self-propelled gun captured at Da Nang in March 1975\nM113 armored personnel carrier captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM114 155 mm howitzer captured in 1954 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM1938 122mm howitzer used by People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) Brigade 52 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM1939 37mm anti-aircraft gun used by PAVN Regiment 573 it apparently shot down an A-37 in Tiên Phước District on 17 March 1975\nM1943 160mm mortar used by PAVN Regiment 576 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM578 Light Recovery Vehicle captured in 1975\nMiG-21 5114 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Nguyen Van Nghia to shoot down a US McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II over Bac Thai in 1972\nMiG-21 5127 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Le Khuong\nP-The Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands..\nThe Museum's opening hours are from 07:30 to 10:30 and from 13:30 to 16:30 daily except Monday. Admission is free for Vietnamese and VND 60,000 for non-Vietnamese, plus VND 10,000 to take photos.\n\n\n== Exhibits ==\nThe museum complex comprises four main sections: an outdoor display",
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sa Thầy District",
"paragraph_text": "412 square kilometres (931 sq mi). The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLung Leng\n\n\n== References ==Sa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. It is a very mountainous district, with many hydroelectric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one ofSa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. This is a very mountainous district, with many hydro electric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 km². The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the Zone 5 Military Museum and the Sa Thầy country region situated geographically? | [
{
"id": 831456,
"question": "Sa Thầy >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 467331,
"question": "Zone 5 Military Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | What is the region of the country of Sa Thầy and the territory of the Zone 5 Military Museam located? |
2hop__646573_83769 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Push, Nevada",
"paragraph_text": ".S. law required that the contest continue until its conclusion.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe show followed a mild-mannered IRS agent, Jim Prufrock, as he traveled to the mysterious desert town of Push, Nevada. While investigating a sizable accounting error made by the Versailles Casino, he begins to realize that there may be stranger things going on in this town than embezzlement. Despite frequent warnings from a \"Slo-dancer\", Mary, to leave town before he's in too deep, Jim continues to investigate thingsCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.PushCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery. prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.\n24-year-old New Jersey resident Mark Nakamoto won the grand prize, calling a special number within just two minutes of the last clue being given during an airing of Monday Night Football. The show's cancellation came about two weeks before the final clue was given, but U.S. law required that the contest continue until its conclusion.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe show followed a mild-mannered IRS agent, Jim Prufrock, as he traveled to the mysterious desert town of Push, Nevada. While investigating a sizable accounting error made by the Versailles Casino, he begins to realize that there may be stranger things going on in this town than embezzlement. Despite frequent warnings from a \"Slo-dancer\", Mary, to leave town before he's in too deep, Jim continues to investigate thingsCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.Push, Nevada was an American mystery television series set in the fictional town of Push, Nevada. It premiered on September 17, 2002 on ABC, and ran for 7 episodes before it became one of the first shows to be canceled during the Fall 2002 season.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nCreated by Ben Affleck and",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dazed and Confused (film)",
"paragraph_text": "50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett, but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion, a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn, Tony Olson, and Mike Newhouse decide to participate in the evening's festivities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson, a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for theFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. feature. Linklater drew heavily on his adolescence in Huntsville, Texas, to write the script, lifting the names of several people from his hometown for the characters. Most actors cast for the film were undiscovered talent, including McConaughey who became the film's breakout star. Linklater shot the film around Austin, with several members of his crew from Slacker. The actors were encouraged to improvise and develop their own characters, with some writing in extra scenes. Linklater gathered several 1970s rock songs for the soundtrack, which made up a significant portion of the film's budget. The picture was marketed by Gramercy Pictures as a stoner film, to Linklater's dismay.\nReleased on September 24, 1993, Dazed and Confused was a commercial disappointment at the box office, grossing less than $8 million in the United States. The film later found success on the home video market and has since become a cult classic. It ranked third on Entertainment Weekly magazine's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett, but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion, a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn, Tony Olson, and Mike Newhouse decide to participate in the evening's festivities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson, a man in his early 20s who",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the film Dazed and Confused, which character was portrayed by the individual who created Push, Nevada? | [
{
"id": 646573,
"question": "Push, Nevada >> creator",
"answer": "Ben Affleck",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 83769,
"question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused",
"answer": "Fred O'Bannion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Fred O'Bannion | [] | true | Who did the creator of Push, Nevada play in Dazed and Confused? |
2hop__779424_75487 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu",
"paragraph_text": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu (born February 12, 1949) is a Canadian politician and victim's rights activist, who was appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 29, 2010 on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, representing the province of Quebec under the banner of the Conservative Party of Canada.Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu (born February 12, 1949) is a Canadian politician and victim's rights activist, who was appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 29, 2010 on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, representing the province of Quebec under the banner of the Conservative Party of Canada.Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu (born February 12, 1949) is a retired Canadian politician and victim's rights activist, who was appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 29, 2010, on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, representing the province of Quebec under the banner of the Conservative Party of Canada. He retired from the Senate on February 12, 2024, upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBoisvenu is the founding president of the Murdered or Missing Persons' Families' Association, which he founded after the 2002 kidnaping, forcible confinement, rape and murder of his daughter Julie. In 2006, the Association that he leads won a battle for the rights of victims of crime with the adoption of Bill 25 by the National Assembly of Quebec. This bill provides better compensation for victims of crime.\nHe is also co-founder of the Le Nid centre, a shelter for abused women in Val-d'Or, and of a camp for underprivileged youth in Estrie.\nProfessionally, Boisvenu is a former provincial civil servant in Quebec, and was regional director for the Department of Recreation, Game and Fisheries and for the Department of the Environment before becoming Deputy Minister for the Department of Regions.\nBoisvenu has a bachelor's degree in educational psychology from the Université de Montréal and a master's degree in administration from L'École nationale d'administration publique in Quebec City.\nBoisvenu served on the following committees: Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs; Standing Senate Committee on Transport and Communications and the Standing Committee on National Security and Defence.\nHe sponsored both government and private Members’ bills: Bill C-37 (Increasing Offenders’ Accountability for Victims Act); Bill C-23 (Eliminating Pardons for Serious Crimes Act); Bill C-310 (An Act to amend the Criminal Code-trafficking in persons), Bill C-316 (An Act to amend the Employment Insurance Act - incarceration); Bill C-293 (An Act to amend the Corrections and Conditional Release Act-vexatious complainants); Bill C-452 (An Act to amend the Criminal Code - exploitation and trafficking in persons) and Bill C-479 (An Act to bring Fairness for the Victims of Violent Offenders]).\nOn February 24, 2015, he introduces Bill C-32 ([An Act to Enact the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights and to amend certain Acts).\nIn February 2012, Boisvenu, a key Conservative spokesman on crime issues, stated that convicted murderers should be given the choice of suicide rather than spending life in jail. He retracted the statement after it sparked controversy and later issued an apology \"if his comment offended people whose close ones committed suicide\".\nIn June 2013, it was reported that a Senate ethics complaint was filed against Boisvenu. The complaints relate to Boisvenu",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election",
"paragraph_text": " of his staff leaked the list. On February 11, 2019, the Conservative Party released a statement from its Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) which concluded: \"In short, LEOC does not believe there is evidence that the Trost Campaign was responsible for leaking of the membership list....\" The fine was therefore removed from the Brad Trost Campaign. Trost went on to lose renomination as the party candidate for his riding during the 43rd Federal election on March 10, 2018, to Corey Tochor, former speaker of the Saskatchewan Legislature.\nCriticism has been raised about how the party memberships were handled, with some prominent members saying they never received a ballot, even after contacting the party about it.\nIn addition, the result of the leadership race and party handling was questioned by some supporters of such as runner-up Maxime Bernier and fifth place candidate Kellie Leitch due to discrepancies in the final ballot count, specifically a gap between the number of ballots cast and the announced result – a 7,466 vote discrepancy, which is greater than Andrew Scheer's 7,049 votes margin of victory in the final round. There was criticism over the exact role of the accounting firm Deloitte during the voting process – a deal revealed that Deloitte was not specifically tasked with auditing the vote but \"observe\" the counting process. It was also reported that some of Brad Trost's supporters contravened the Elections Act and party membership rules by offering incentives to vote. Dimitri Soudas, a former Stephen Harper aide, pointed out that it violated election rules and it benefited Scheer's campaign but the ballots have been destroyed so the results stood.\nMany considered Scheer's victory as an upset,The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. ''The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader.The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. '',010 party members were eligible to vote in the leadership contest. 141,000 members cast a vote. According to raw voting figures, Scheer received 62,593 votes on the final ballot compared to 55,544 votes for Bernier with 23,000 voters who had voted in the first round ranking neither Scheer or Bernier in their ranked ballot. Votes were apportioned among ridings so that each riding was allocated 100 points, regardless of the number of voters, resulting in 17,222.20 points (50.95%) for Scheer and 16,577.80 points (49.05%) for Bernier.\nSubsequent to the election, fourth placed candidate Brad Trost and his campaign were fined $50,000 by the Conservative Party of Canada for allegedly leaking the party's membership list to the National Firearms Association. Trost denied that he or any of his staff leaked the list. On February 11, 2019, the Conservative Party released a statement from its Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) which concluded: \"In short, LEOC does not believe there is evidence that the Trost Campaign was responsible for leaking of the membership list....\" The fine was therefore removed from the Brad Trost Campaign. Trost went on to lose renomination as the party candidate for his riding during the 43rd Federal election on March 10, 2018, to Corey Tochor, former speaker of the Saskatchewan Legislature.\nCriticism has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which federal leader belongs to the same party as Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu? | [
{
"id": 779424,
"question": "Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu >> member of political party",
"answer": "Conservative Party of Canada",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 75487,
"question": "federal leader of #1",
"answer": "Andrew Scheer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Andrew Scheer | [] | true | Who is the federal leader of the party that Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu is a member of? |
3hop1__622497_160088_73916 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch",
"paragraph_text": ", Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee HorsThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.roadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television Western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany, and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982, and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nDonny Osmond ... Frank Isaacs\nLisa Whelchel ... Amy Cole\nPamela Bellwood ... Sarah\nPhyllis Davis ... Sugar Harris\nJeanette Nolan ... Gertrude\nPaul Brinegar ... Bodie\nDennis Fimple ... Lamont\nSusan Kellermann ... Betsy\nPaul Carr ... Confederate Captain\nRex Holman ... Lt. Pritchard\nRayford Barnes ... Russell\nSteve Hanks ... Lt. James\nTom Clark ... Matthew\nRobert Rymill ... Sam\nJerry J. Lewandowski ... Tommy\nScott Arthur Allen ... Tom Trombitas\n\n\n== See also",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Household income in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the US has gone down slightly, and at an accelerated pace since 2019. \n\n\n== Definition ==\nA household's income can be calculated in various ways but the US Census as of 2009 measured it in the following manner: the income of every resident of that house that is over the age of 15, including pre-tax wages and salaries, along with any pre-tax personal business, investment, or other recurring sources of income, as well as any kind of governmental entitlement such as unemployment insurance, social security, disability payments or child support payments received.\nThe residents of the household do not have to be related to the head of the household for their earningsOne key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $59,039 in 2016, a record high. This was the largest two year percentage increase on record.Household income is an economic standard that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a household's economic status or to track economic trends in the US.\nA key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S. Census Bureau reports two median household income estimates based on data from two surveys: the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels.:��19��:��10�� According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the US has gone down slightly, and at an accelerated pace since 2019. \n\n\n== Definition ==\nA household's income can be calculated in various ways but the US Census as of 2009 measured it in the following manner: the income of every resident of that house that is over the age of 15, including pre-tax wages and salaries, along with any pre-tax personal business, investment, or other recurring sources of income, as well as any kind of governmental entitlement such asAnother common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income, which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean tends to be higher than the median income, with the top earning households boosting it. Overall, the mean household income in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641. the US.\nA key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S. Census Bureau reports two median household income estimates based on data from two surveys: the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels.:��19��:��10�� According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the US has gone down slightly, and at an accelerated pace since 2019. \n\n\n== Definition ==\nA household's income can be calculated in various ways but the US Census as of 2009 measured it in the following manner: the income of every resident of that house that is over the age of 15, including pre-tax wages and salaries, along with any pre-tax personal business, investment, or other recurring sources of income, as well as any kind of governmental entitlement such as unemployment insurance, social security, disability payments or child support payments received.\nThe residents of the household do not have to be related to the head of the household for their earningsOne key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the typical annual earnings of a person who shares the same origin as the creator of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? | [
{
"id": 622497,
"question": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch >> producer",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 73916,
"question": "what is the average yearly income for an #2",
"answer": "$72,641",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | $72,641 | [] | true | What is the average yearly income for someone with the same nationality as the producer of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch? |
2hop__203985_524737 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jose Miranda (soccer)",
"paragraph_text": " the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boys' head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women's team at Pima Community College. Miranda has also coached with FC Tucson in USL League Two.\n\n\n== References ==Jose Miranda is an American retired soccer player who is an assistant coach with the Pima College women's soccer team.\nIn 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men's soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men’s soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In 1997, he moved to the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boy’s head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women’s team at Pima Community College.JoseIn 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men’s soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In 1997, he moved to the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boy’s head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women’s team at Pima Community College. playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women's team at Pima Community College. Miranda has also coached with FC Tucson in USL League Two.\n\n\n== References ==Jose Miranda is an American retired soccer player who is an assistant coach with the Pima College women's soccer team.\nIn 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men's soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Tucson Amigos",
"paragraph_text": "6\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in theThe Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.TheThe Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center. Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in theThe Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999\n\n\n== References ==The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. The founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer, a local business owner who owned the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.\n\n\n== Year-by-year ==\n\n\n== Coaches ==\n\n\n=== Indoor ===\n Ron Fox: 1991\n Carlos Acosta: 1991–1993\n\n\n=== Outdoor ===\n Wolfgang Weber: 1991–1994, 1996\n Luis Dabo: 1995\n Chris Hawken: 1997–1999",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the competition league of the team Jose Miranda was a part of? | [
{
"id": 203985,
"question": "Jose Miranda >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Tucson Amigos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 524737,
"question": "#1 >> league",
"answer": "United Soccer League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | United Soccer League | [
"Southwest Independent Soccer League",
"USISL",
"SISL",
"United Soccer Leagues",
"USL"
] | true | In what league did Jose Miranda's team compete? |
2hop__215898_67465 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "I Love Life, Thank You",
"paragraph_text": "ib Kweli, was released on June 20. On July 15, he reached 600,000 followers and released \"Just a Kid\". Upon reaching 700,000 followers on August 7, Miller released \"The Miller Family Reunion. Miller reached 800,000 followers on August 26 and released \"Cold Feet\". On September 20, he reached 900,000 followers and released \"Willie Dynamite\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\nSample credits\n\n\"I Love Life, Thank You\" contains a sample of \"How I Know\" by Toro y Moi.\n\"People Under the Stairs\" contains a sample of \"San Francisco Knights\" by People Under the Stairs.\n\"Love Lost\" contains a sample of \"Love Lost\" by The Temper Trap.\n\n\n== Credits and personnel ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff.\n\nMac Miller – primary artist (all tracks); production (track 10)\n9th Wonder – production (track 4)\nBig Jerm – production (tracks 3, 9, 10)\nBlack Diamond – production (track 5)\nBun B – featured artist (track 12)\nCardo – production (track 6)\nClams Casino – production (track 7)\nBrandun DeShay – production (track 1)\nE. Dan – production (tracks 11, 12, 13)\nLike – production (track 8)\nTalib Kweli – featured artist (track 8)\nSir Michael Rocks – featured artist (trackI Love Life, Thank You is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Mac Miller. In 2011, Miller started the \"Road 2 a Million Fans\" series, during which he released a new song for every 100,000 Twitter followers he accumulated. On October 14, 2011, he released \"I Love Life, Thank You\" upon reaching one million followers. Seven of the thirteen tracks on the mixtape had previously been released throughout the course of the series.II Love Life, Thank You is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Mac Miller. In 2011, Miller started the \"Road 2 a Million Fans\" series, during which he released a new song for every 100,000 Twitter followers he accumulated. On October 14, 2011, he released \"I Love Life, Thank You\" upon reaching one million followers. Seven of the thirteen tracks on the mixtape had previously been released throughout the course of the series. 22, 2022, the mixtape was re-released to all streaming",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)",
"paragraph_text": "tape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songsBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video",
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] | What was the release date of Best Day Ever by the artist who created I Love Life, Thank You? | [
{
"id": 215898,
"question": "I Love Life, Thank You >> performer",
"answer": "Mac Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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"id": 67465,
"question": "when did #1 release best day ever",
"answer": "March 11, 2011",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
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] | March 11, 2011 | [] | true | When did the performer of I Love Life, Thank You release Best Day Ever? |
4hop1__131820_59747_211319_557671 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": ", and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km2) each.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\tLargest cities and towns in Georgia by population\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n County seat†\n State capital and county seat��\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nGeorgia statistical areas\nList of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGeorgia Municipal AssociationGeorgia is a state located in the Southern United States. According to the 2010 United States census, Georgia was the 8th most populous state with 9,688,681 inhabitants and the 21st largest by land area spanning 57,513.49 square miles (148,959.3 km2) of land. Georgia is divided into 159 counties and contains 535 municipalities consisting of cities, towns, consolidated city-counties, and consolidated cities.\n\nThere is no legal difference in Georgia between cities and towns. Eight municipalities have merged with their counties to form consolidated city-counties: Athens with Clarke County, Augusta with Richmond County, Columbus with Muscogee County, Cusseta with Chattahoochee County, Georgetown with Quitman County, Macon with Bibb County, Statenville with Echols County, and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, atThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is AugustaThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each., consolidated city-counties, and consolidated cities.\n\nThere is no legal difference in Georgia between cities and towns. Eight municipalities have merged with their counties to form consolidated city-counties: Athens with Clarke County, Augusta with Richmond County, Columbus with Muscogee County, Cusseta with Chattahoochee County, Georgetown with Quitman County, Macon with Bibb County, Statenville with Echols County, and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "856 at the 2010 census.\nThe highest point is Mount Teroken, elevation 364 m (1,214 ft).\n\n\n== Transportation ==\n\nWeno has the only airport in the state, Chuuk International Airport. The road system is not well established in some parts of the island. No public transportation exists, but visitors can use a small taxi to cruise around the island.\nThere is one commercial shipyard for cargo ships and passenger voyages. The islanders use speed boats and smaller ships to commute with other lagoon islands and outreach islands.\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== Education ==\n\nTertiary \n\nCollege of Micronesia-FSM\nPublic schools operated by the Chuuk Department of Education:\n\nChuuk High School, Nepukos (Nantaku)\nIras Demo Elementary, Iras\nNeauo Elementary School, Neauo\nMwan Elementary School, Sefin\nPrivate\n\nXavier High School, Sapuk\nSaramen Chuuk Academy, Nepukos\nSeventh-day AdventWEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.apuk, Penia, Peniesene, Tunnuk, Mechitiw, Iras, Nantaku, Nepukos, Mwan, Neiwe, and Wichap, Epinup) and serve as the center of commerce. Weno is the state capital and the second-most populous island of the FSM (if the complex of Tol/Wonei, Polle and Patta is counted as one island), with a population of 13,856 at the 2010 census.\nThe highest point is Mount Teroken, elevation 364 m (1,214 ft).\n\n\n== Transportation ==\n\nWeno has the only airport in the state, Chuuk International Airport. The road system is not well established in some parts of the island. No public transportation exists, but visitors can use a small taxi to cruise around the island.\nThere is one commercial shipyard for cargo ships and passenger voyages. The islanders use speed boats and smaller ships to commute with other lagoon islands and outreach islands.\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== Education ==\n\nTertiary \n\nCollege of Micronesia-FSM\nPublic schools operated by the Chuuk Department of Education:\n\nChuuk High School, Nepukos (Nantaku)\nIras Demo Elementary, Iras\nNeauo Elementary School, Neauo\nMwan Elementary School, Sefin\nPrivate\n\nXavier High School, Sapuk\nSaramen Chuuk Academy, Nepukos\nSeventh-day Adventist School, Neauo\nAkoyikoyi School, Penia\nSt. Cecilia School, Tunnuk\n\n\n== Women ==\nThe Chuuk Women's Council is based on Weno, which provides support to women's rights organizations across Chuuk State, including training in health and environment issues.\n\n\n== Tourism ==\nDiving is the main tourist attraction on Weno, an industry which was founded in Chuuk State by Kimiuo Aisek. Chuuk State's first museum, Kimiuo Aisek Memorial Museum, was founded to honor his legacy in dive industry and the preservation of Chuuk's underwater heritage.\n\n\n== Popular culture ==\nWeno is featured on the 10th episode of season 5 of Outback Truckers, where 2 power stations and a switchboard are shipped from Adelaide to provide all-day power for the island.\n\n\n== Sights ==\nIn the east of Weno, the catholic",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Alpena Power Company",
"paragraph_text": " that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village ofAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.Alpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricityAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Sno*Drift",
"paragraph_text": " the windward side of the road to intentionally create a drift before the snow-laden wind reaches the road.\n\n\n== Photo gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nBlizzard\nLake-effect snow\nSnow removal\n\n\n== External linksSno*Drift is a rally racing event held in Montmorency County, Michigan, annually, with headquarters in Atlanta, Michigan. The event is currently the first Rally America National Rally Championship event of the season. Currently the event is organized into three distinct rallies: the national championship event covering both days of rallying, and two regional rally events each covering one of the two days. Competitors may be entered in any or all of these events simultaneously. are a bit lower than surrounding areas but are generally flatter.\nThe impact of snowdrifts on transportation can be more significant than the snowfall itself, such as in the US during the Great Blizzard of 1978. Snowdrifts are usually found at or on roads, as the crest of the roadbed or the furrows along the road create the disruption to the wind needed to shed its carried snow. Snow fences may be employed on the windward side of the road to intentionally create a drift before the snow-laden wind reaches the road.\n\n\n== Photo gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nBlizzard\nLake-effect snow\nSnow removal\n\n\n== External links ==\nSnowdrift Exhibit at Evansville MuseumA snow",
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] | Which county has a common boundary with the county that houses the state's most populated city where WEKL conducts its operations? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
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"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
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"id": 211319,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Montmorency County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 557671,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Presque Isle County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Presque Isle County | [] | true | Which county shares a border with the county where the most populous city in the state where WEKL operates is located? |
2hop__158010_58067 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "C. V. Raman",
"paragraph_text": " There he became acquainted with the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), the first research institute in India, which allowed him to carry out independent research and where he made his major contributions in acoustics and optics.\nIn 1917, he was appointed the first Palit Professor of Physics by Ashutosh Mukherjee at the Rajabazar Science College under the University of Calcutta. On his first trip to Europe, seeing the Mediterranean Sea motivated him to identify the prevailing explanation for the blue colour of the sea at the time, namely the reflected Rayleigh-scattered light from the sky, as being incorrect. He founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926. He moved to Bangalore in 1933 to become the first Indian director of the Indian Institute of Science. He founded the Indian Academy of Sciences the same year. He established the Raman Research Institute in 1948 where he worked to his last days.\nThe Raman effect was discovered on 28 February 1928. The day is celebrated annually by the Government of India as the National Science Day.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nC. V. Raman was born in Tiruchirappalli in the Madras Presidency of British India (now Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India) to Tamil Iyer Brahmin parents, Chandrasekhar Ramanathan Iyer and Parvathi Ammal. He was the second of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at a local high school, and earned a modest income. He recalled: \"I was born with a copper spoon in my mouth. At my birth my father was earning the magnificent salary of ten rupees per month!\" In 1892, his family moved to Visakhapatnam (then Vizagapatam or Vizag) in Andhra Pradesh as his father was appointed to the faculty of physics at Mrs A.V. Narasimha Rao College.\nRaman was educated at the St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian High School, Visakhapatnam. He passed matriculation at age 11 and the First Examination in Arts examination (equivalent to today's intermediate examination, pre-university course) with a scholarship at age 13, securing first position in both under the Andhra Pradesh school board (now Andhra Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) examination.\nIn 1902, Raman joined Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) where his father had been transferred to teach mathematics and physics. In 1904, he obtained a B.A. degree from the University of Madras, where he stood first and won the gold medals in physics and English. At age 18, while still a graduateSir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India (presently the state of Tamil Nadu), who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, the Indian government honoured him with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.SSir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India (presently the state of Tamil Nadu), who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, the Indian government honoured him with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.\nBorn to Tamil Brahmin parents, Raman was a precocious child, completing his secondary and higher secondary education from St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian High School at the age of 11 and 13, respectively. He topped the bachelor's degree examination of the University of Madras with honours in physics from Presidency College at age 16. His first research paper, on diffraction of light, was published in 1906 while he was still a graduate student. The next year he obtained a master's degree. He joined the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta as Assistant Accountant General at age 19. There he became acquainted with the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), the first research institute in India, which allowed him to carry out independent research and where he made his major contributions in acoustics and optics.\nIn 1917, he was appointed the first Palit Professor of Physics by Ashutosh Mukherjee at the Rajabazar Science College under the University of Calcutta. On his first trip to Europe, seeing the Mediterranean Sea motivated him to identify the prevailing explanation for the blue colour of the sea at the time, namely the reflected Rayleigh-scattered light from the sky, as being incorrect. He founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926. He moved to Bangalore in 1933 to become the first",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_text": "7 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly atA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father JainulA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.\nKalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.",
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] | Before becoming a president, who received the highest accolade available to a civilian without military service in India? | [
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"id": 158010,
"question": "What is the highest award a citizen without military experiencecan achieve in India?",
"answer": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
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"id": 58067,
"question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india",
"answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam",
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"A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"Abdul Kalam",
"Kalam",
"Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"
] | true | Who was honoured with the highest award a citizen without military experience in India before becoming a president? |
3hop1__857_846_7794 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as",
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was aDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such asThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun (1241–1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas.\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260 to 1294, was granted a large appanage in northern China by Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karm",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the number of inhabitants in the city where the person receiving the edict was welcomed by the Yongle Emperor in 2010? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 7794,
"question": "What was the population of #2 in 2010?",
"answer": "8.005 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 8.005 million | [] | true | In 2010, what was the population of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
2hop__85931_108632 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_text": " man who lives by a strict moral code of loyalty to friends and, above all, family. He is also known as a traditionalist who demands respect commensurate with his status; even his closest friends refer to him as \"Godfather\" or \"Don Corleone\" rather than \"Vito\".\n\n\n== Concept and Creation ==\nVito Corleone is based on a composite of mid-20th-century New York Mafia figures Carlo Gambino, Frank Costello, Joe Bonanno, and Joe Profaci. \n\nMaria Le Conti Puzo, Mario Puzo's mother, was also a basis for the author's depiction of Vito. In 2019, Francis Ford Coppola wroteMario told me that all of the great dialogue, those quotable lines he put into the mouth of Don Corleone, were actually spoken by Mario's mother. Yes, \"an offer he can't refuse,\" \"keep your friends closeVito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.VVito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family. his wife Carmela have four children: three sons, Santino (\"Sonny\"), Frederico (\"Fredo\") and Michael (\"Mike\"), and one daughter, Constanzia (\"Connie\"). Vito informally adopts Sonny's friend, Tom Hagen, who becomes his lawyer and consigliere. Upon Vito's death, Michael succeeds him as Don of the Corleone crime family.\nVito oversees a business founded on gambling, bootlegging, prostitution, and union corruption, but he is known as a kind, generous man who lives by a strict moral code of loyalty to friends and, above all, family. He is also known as a traditionalist who demands respect commensurate with his status; even his closest friends refer to him as \"Godfather\" or \"Don Corleone\" rather than \"Vito\".\n\n\n== Concept and Creation ==\nVito Corleone is based on a composite of mid-20th-century New York Mafia figures Carlo Gambino, Frank Costello, Joe Bonanno, and Joe Profaci. \n\nMaria Le Conti Puzo, Mario Puzo's mother, was also a basis for the author's depiction of Vito. In 2019, Francis Ford Coppola wroteMario told me that all of the great dialogue, those quotable lines he put into the mouth of Don Corleone, were actually spoken by Mario's mother. Yes, \"an offer he can't refuse,\" \"keep your friends closeVito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Copp",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Godfather",
"paragraph_text": " by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder and marries his former girlfriend Kay. Vito then turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, his father dies, and he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontane's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.\n\n\n=== The Godfather Part II ===\n\nThe Godfather Part II was released on December 20, 1974. The feature-length film wasIn 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.TheIn 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion. many as two of the greatest films of all time. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Vito's oldest son Sonny subsequently takes over the family business and he conspires with Michael to strike back for the assassination attempt by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder and marries his former girlfriend Kay. Vito then turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, his father dies, and he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontane's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.\n\n\n=== The Godfather Part II ===\n\nThe Godfather Part II was released on December 20, 1974. The feature-length film wasIn 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.The Godfather is a trilogy of American crime films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The films follow the trials of the fictional Italian American mafia Corleone family whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974, and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning between $430 and $517 million worldwide. The Godfather and The Godfather Part II are both seen by many as two of the greatest films of all time. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the author responsible for the creation of The Godfather's principal character? | [
{
"id": 85931,
"question": "what was the full name of the godfather",
"answer": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 108632,
"question": "What artist was responsible for the creation of #1 ?",
"answer": "Mario Puzo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Mario Puzo | [] | true | Who created the main character of The Godfather? |
2hop__435184_84856 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Pizza Man",
"paragraph_text": " person, with cash, credit card, debit card or other means. A delivery fee is sometimes charged, although free delivery is also common.\n\n\n== Ordering ==\nOrdering pizza for delivery usually involves contacting a local pizza restaurant or chain by telephone or online. Online ordering is available in many countries, where some pizza chains offer online menus and ordering.\nThe pizza delivery industry has kept pace with technological developments since the 1980s beginning with the rise of the personal computer. Specialized computer software for the pizza delivery business helps determine the most efficient routes for carriers, track exact order and delivery times, manage calls and orders with PoS software, and other functions. Since 2008 GPS tracking technology has been used for real-time monitoring of delivery vehicles by customers over the Internet.\nSome pizzerias, such as the Ontario-based Canadian chain Pizza Pizza, will incorporate a guarantee to deliver within a predetermined period of time. For example, Domino's Pizza had a commercial campaign in the 1980s and early 1990s which guaranteed orders in 30 minutes. The guarantee was for 3 dollars off the order if broken but is often misremembered today as \"30 minutes or it's free\". This was discontinued in the United States in 1993 due to the number of lawsuits arising from accidents caused by hurried delivery drivers but is still offered in some countries. Pizzerias with no time guarantee will commonly state to the customer an approximate time frame for a delivery, without making any guarantees as to the actual delivery time.\nAccording to Domino's, New Year's Eve is the most popular day for its pizza deliveries; others are Super Bowl Sunday, Halloween, New Year's Day, and the day before Thanksgiving. Unscheduled events may also cause an increase in pizza deliveries; for example, Domino's stated that its sales during the O. J. Simpson slow-speed chase were as large as on Super Bowl Sunday.\n\n\n== Charge ==\nFor decades, \"free delivery\" was a popular slogan for almost all pizza stores. In Australia, a portion of the delivery charge is given to the driver as the store is required to reimburse the driver for the use of a personal vehicle.\nDomino's Pizza is credited with popularizing free pizza delivery in the United States. Pizza Hut began experimenting in 1999 with a 50-cent delivery charge in ten stores in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. By mid-2001 it was implemented in 95% of its 1,749 company-owned restaurants in the U.S., and in a smaller number of its 5,250 franchisee-owned restaurants. By 2002, a small percentage of stores owned or franchised by U.S. pizza companies Domino's and Papa John's were also charging delivery fees of 50 cents to $1.50, and some of Little Caesar's franchisees charged delivery feesPizza Man is a 1991 comedy film starring Bill Maher and Annabelle Gurwitch; written and directed by J.F. Lawton who was credited in the film as J.D. Athens. The film received a PG-13 rating by the MPAA.PPizza Man is a 1991 comedy film starring Bill Maher and Annabelle Gurwitch; written and directed by J.F. Lawton who was credited in the film as J.D. Athens. The film received a PG-13 rating by the MPAA. with it, commonly including soft drinks. Pizzas may be delivered in cardboard pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle. Customers can, depending on the provider, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit card, debit card or other means. A delivery fee is sometimes charged, although free delivery is also common.\n\n\n== Ordering ==\nOrdering pizza for delivery usually involves contacting a local pizza restaurant or chain by telephone or online. Online ordering is available in many countries, where some pizza chains offer online menus and ordering.\nThe pizza delivery industry has kept pace with technological developments since the 1980s beginning with the rise of the personal computer. Specialized computer software for the pizza delivery business helps determine the most efficient routes for carriers, track exact order and delivery times, manage calls and orders with PoS software, and other functions. Since 2008 GPS tracking technology has been used for real-time monitoring of delivery vehicles by customers over the Internet.\nSome pizzerias, such as the Ontario-based Canadian chain Pizza Pizza, will incorporate a guarantee to deliver within a predetermined period of time. For example, Domino's Pizza had a commercial campaign in the 1980s and early 1990s which guaranteed orders in 30 minutes. The guarantee was for 3 dollars off the order if broken but is often misremembered today as \"30 minutes or it's free\". This was discontinued in the United States in 1993 due to the number of lawsuits arising from accidents caused by hurried delivery drivers but is still offered in some countries. Pizzerias with no time guarantee will commonly state to the customer an approximate time frame for a delivery, without making any guarantees as to the actual delivery time.\nAccording to Domino's, New Year's Eve is the most popular day for its pizza deliveries; others are Super Bowl Sunday, Halloween, New Year's Day, and the day before Thanksgiving. Unscheduled events may also cause an increase in pizza deliveries; for example, Domino's stated that its sales during the O. J. Simpson slow-speed chase were as large as on Super Bowl Sunday.\n\n\n== Charge ==\nFor decades, \"free delivery\" was a popular slogan for almost all pizza stores. In Australia, a portion of the delivery charge is given to the driver as the store is required to reimburse the driver for the use of a personal vehicle.\nDomino's Pizza is credited with popularizing free pizza delivery in the United States. Pizza Hut began experimenting in 1999 with a 50-cent delivery charge in ten stores in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. By mid-2001 it was implemented in 95% of its 1,749 company-owned restaurants in the U.S., and in",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Real Time with Bill Maher",
"paragraph_text": " 23 January 16, 2004 (2004 - 01 - 16) November 5, 2004 (2004 - 11 - 05) 23 February 18, 2005 (2005 - 02 - 18) November 4, 2005 (2005 - 11 - 04) 24 February 17, 2006 (2006 - 02 - 17) November 17, 2006 (2006 - 11 - 17) 5 24 February 16, 2007 (2007 - 02 - 16) November 2, 2007 (2007 - 11 - 02) 6 27 January 11, 2008 (2008 - 01 - 11) November 14, 2008 (2008 - 11 - 14) 7 31 February 20, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 20) October 16, 2009 (2009 - 10 - 16) 8 25 February 19, 2010 (2010 - 02 - 19) November 12, 2010 (2010 - 11 - 12) 9 35 January 14, 2011 (2011 - 01 - 14) November 11, 2011 (2011 - 11 - 11) 10 35 January 13, 2012 (2012 - 01 - 13) November 16, 2012 (2012 - 11 - 16) 11 35 January 18, 2013 (2013 - 01 - 18) November 22, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 22) 12 35 January 17, 2014 (2014 - 01 - 17) November 21, 2014 (2014 - 11 - 21) 13 35 January 9, 2015 (2015 - 01 - 09) November 20, 2015 (2015 - 11 - 20) 14 38 January 15, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 15) November 11, 2016 (2016 - 11 - 11) 15 35 January 20, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 20) November 17, 2017 (2017 - 11 - 17) 16 TBA January 19, 2018 (2018 - 01 - 19) TBAReal Time with Bill Maher is an AmericanSeason Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 20 February 21, 2003 (2003 - 02 - 21) September 26, 2003 (2003 - 09 - 26) 23 January 16, 2004 (2004 - 01 - 16) November 5, 2004 (2004 - 11 - 05) 23 February 18, 2005 (2005 - 02 - 18) November 4, 2005 (2005 - 11 - 04) 24 February 17, 2006 (2006 - 02 - 17) November 17, 2006 (2006 - 11 - 17) 5 24 February 16, 2007 (2007 - 02 - 16) November 2, 2007 (2007 - 11 - 02) 6 27 January 11, 2008 (2008 - 01 - 11) November 14, 2008 (2008 - 11 - 14) 7 31 February 20, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 20) October 16, 2009 (2009 - 10 - 16) 8 25 February 19, 2010 (2010 - 02 - 19) November 12, 2010 (2010 - 11 - 12) 9 35 January 14, 2011 (2011 - 01 - 14) November 11, 2011 (2011 - 11 - 11) 10 35 January 13, 2012 (2012 - 01 - 13) November 16, 2012 (2012 - 11 - 16) 11 35 January 18, 2013 (2013 - 01 - 18) November 22, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 22) 12 35 January 17, 2014 (2014 - 01 - 17) November 21, 2014 (2014 - 11 - 21) 13 35 January 9, 2015 (2015 - 01 - 09) November 20, 2015 (2015 - 11 - 20) 14 38 January 15, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 15) November 11, 2016 (2016 - 11 - 11) 15 TBA January 20, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 20) TBA and the stand-up comedians were dropped after episode 10. Viewers were also able to engage over the air during the first season by calling in live, but this practice was subsequently discontinued.\nStarting with episode 67, audio-only versions of the show were made available as free podcasts via the iTunes Store and as raw RSS feeds. The podcasts may also feature bonus material taped during studio rehearsal, such as additional \"New Rules\" that were not included in the final broadcast.\nDuring Season 4, Maher began hosting a live chat (now called \"Overtime\") with his guests immediately following each broadcast. Viewers are invited to submit questions and topics for Maher and the other participants to answer and discuss. This post-show event was initially featured on HBO's website and is currently broadcast on CNN.\n\n\n=== Politics and current events ===\n\nMaher has been a critic of the Obama administration, the Bush administration and the Trump administration. His panel attempts to present a diverse set of views. Frequently, it consists of a liberal commentator or political figure, a conservative commentator or political figure, and a third individual who does not have as clear an ideological label, or someone with moderate beliefs. This third individual is often an actor, comedian, musician, or other entertainment figure, though many times the commentator is openly conservative or liberal.\nOn his previous TV series, Politically Incorrect, Maher used the word \"libertarian\" to describe his political leanings. Regarding religion, he considers himself a \"rationalist\", as someone \"preaching the gospel of 'I don't know'\". Maher identifies himself as politically unaffiliated and disagrees with the Republican party on many issues, and with the Democratic Party on many of their party platform's planks. He endorsed the candidacy of Ralph Nader of the Green Party during his 2000 presidential campaign. After the 2000 election, Maher was among those who felt that votes cast",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the start date for the new season of the series featuring an actor from Pizza Man? | [
{
"id": 435184,
"question": "Pizza Man >> cast member",
"answer": "Bill Maher",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 84856,
"question": "when does the new season of #1 start",
"answer": "January 20, 2017",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | January 20, 2017 | [] | true | When does the new season of the show starring the cast member of Pizza Man start? |
2hop__84937_148696 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": " soon after he was born. The family had been lords of the manor and patrons of the living of Daylesford in direct line from 1281 until 1715. The Daylesford estate was then sold, there having been a considerable loss of family wealth due to support given to Charles I. Young Warren was brought up by his grandfather and educated in a charity school with the poorest children in the Gloucestershire village of Daylesford. At some point he was rescued by an uncle who sent him to London.\nHastings attended Westminster School, where he coincided with the future Prime Ministers Lord Shelburne and the Duke of Portland and with the poet William Cowper. He quickly excelled as a top scholar but was forced to leave at sixteen, when his uncle died. He joined the British East India Company in 1750 as a writer (clerk) and sailed out to India, reaching Calcutta in August 1750. There he built up a reputation for diligence and spent his free time learning about India and mastering Urdu and Persian. His work won him promotion in 1752 when he was sent to Kasimbazar, a major trading post in Bengal, where he worked for William Watts. While there he gained further experience inWarren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. coalition of native states and the French. In the end, the well-organized British side held its own, while France lost influence in India. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but he was eventually acquitted in 1795 after a long trial. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1814.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nWarren Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to Reverend Penyston Hastings and his wife Hester (née Warren), who died soon after he was born. The family had been lords of the manor and patrons of the living of Daylesford in direct line from 1281 until 1715. The Daylesford estate was then sold, there having been a considerable loss of family wealth due to support given to Charles I. Young Warren was brought up by his grandfather and educated in a charity school with the poorest children in the Gloucestershire village of Daylesford. At some point he was rescued by an uncle who sent him to London.\nHastings attended Westminster School, where he coincided with the future Prime Ministers Lord Shelburne and the Duke of Portland and with the poet William Cowper. He quickly excelled as a top scholar but was forced to leave at sixteen, when his uncle died. He joined the British East India Company in 1750 as a writer (clerk) and sailed out to India, reaching Calcutta in August 1750. There he built up a reputation for diligence and spent his free time learning about India and mastering Urdu and Persian. His work won him promotion in 1752 when he was sent to Kasimbazar, a major trading post in Bengal, where he worked for William Watts. While there he gained further experience in the politics of East India.\nBritish traders still relied on the whims of local rulers, so that the political turmoil in Bengal was unsettling. The elderly moderate Nawab Alivardi Khan was likely to be succeeded by his grandson Siraj ud-Daulah, but there were several other claimants. This made British trading posts throughout Bengal increasingly insecure, as Siraj ud-Daulah was known to harbour anti-European views and to be likely to launch an attack once he took power. When Alivardi Khan died in April 1756, the British traders and a small garrison at Kasimbazar were left vulnerable. On 3 June, after being surrounded by a much larger force, the British were persuaded to surrender to prevent a massacre. Hastings was imprisoned with others in the Bengali capital, Murshidabad, while the Nawab's forces marched on Calcutta and captured it. The garrison and civilians were then locked up under appalling conditions in the Black Hole of Calcutta.\n\n \nFor a while, Hastings remained in Murshidabad and was even used by the Nawab as an intermediary; but, fearing for his life, he escaped to the island of Fulta, where a number of refugees from Calcutta had taken shelter. While there, he met, fell in love with, and married Mary Buchanan, the widow of Captain John Buchanan (one of the victims of the Black Hole of Calcutta). Shortly afterwards a British expedition from Madras under Robert Clive arrived to rescue them. Hastings served as a volunteer in Clive's forces as they retook Calcutta in January 1757. After this swift defeat, the Nawab urgently sought peace and the war came to an end. Clive was impressed with Hastings when he met him and arranged for his return to Kasimbazar to resume his pre-war activities. Later in 1757, fighting resumed, leading to the Battle of Plassey, where Clive won a decisive victory over the Nawab. Siraj ud-Daulah was overthrown and replaced by his commander-in-chief Mir Jafar, who initiated policies favorable to the East India Company traders, before falling out with them and being overthrown",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": " for seven years. When the eventual verdict was given Hastings was overwhelmingly acquitted. It has been described as \"probably the British Isles' most famous, certainly the longest, political trial\".\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Appointment ===\nBorn in 1732, Warren Hastings spent much of his adult life in India after first travelling out as a clerk of the East India Company in 1750. Hastings developed a reputation as an \"Indian\" who sought to use traditional Indian methods of governance to run British India rather than the policy of importing European-style law, government and culture favoured by many of his colleagues and representatives of other colonial powers in India. After working his way through the ranks of the Company he was appointed in 1773 as governor general, a new position that had been created by the North government in order to improve the running of British India. The old structure of rule had come under strain as the company's holdings had expanded in recent decades from isolated trading posts to large swathes of territory and population.\nThe powers of the governor general were balanced out by the establishment of a Calcutta Council which had the authority to veto his decisions. Hastings spent much of his time in office marshalling his own supporters on the Council in an effort to avoid being outvoted.\n\n\n=== Disputes and war ===\n\nHastings soon ran into opposition on the council. His principal enemy was the Irish-born politician Philip Francis. Francis developed a strong dislike of Hastings and was convinced that the Governor General's policies were self-serving and destructive. This was a belief shared with some other members of the Council whom he was able to influence. Francis and Hastings' personal rivalry continued for many years and led to a duel between them in 1780 in which Francis was wounded, but not killed. Francis returned to Britain in 1781 and began raising questions about Hastings' conduct. He found support from many leading opposition Whigs.\nIn 1780 Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, went to war with the company after British forces captured the French-controlled port of Mahé. Taking advantage of Britain's involvement in the American War of Independence and the support of French forces Hyder went on the offensive and enjoyed success during the opening stages of the war, inflicting a serious defeat at the Battle of Pollilur and at one point threatening Madras itself with capture. The Commander in Chief Eyre Coote went south with reinforcements and defeated Hyder's army in a series of battles which helped to steady the position in the Carnatic. Hyder was unable to secure victory and the war ended in a stalemate. It was halted by the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784 which largely restored the status quo ante bellum. Even so, the British position in India had been severely threatened.\nThe war shook public confidence and raised questions about the supposed mismanagement by the company's agents in India. It proved to be a catalyst for the growing campaign in London against Hastings which gathered strength during the ensuing years.\n\n\n=== First attacks ===\nThe company had already gone through scandals in the 1760s and 1770s and the wealthy nabobs who returned to Britain from India were widely unpopular. Against this backdrop the criticisms circulated by Francis and others provoked a general consensus that the 1773 India Act had not been sufficient to rein in the alleged excesses. The Indian question again became a contentious political issue.\nThe Fox–North Coalition fell from power after it attempted to bring in a radical East India Bill in 1783. The following year the new government of William Pitt passed an India Act of 1784 which established aThe impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.TheThe impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India. According to historian Mithi Mukherjee, the impeachment trial became the site of a debate between two radically opposed visions of empire—one represented by Hastings, based on ideas of absolute power and conquest in pursuit of the exclusive national interests of the colonizer, versus one represented by Burke, of sovereignty based on a recognition of the rights of the colonized.\nThe trial did not sit continuously and the case dragged on for seven years. When the eventual verdict was given Hastings was overwhelmingly acquitted. It has been described as \"probably the British Isles' most famous, certainly the longest, political trial\".\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Appointment ===\nBorn in 1732, Warren Hastings spent much of his adult life in India after first travelling out as a clerk of the East India Company in 1750. Hastings developed a reputation as an \"Indian\" who sought to use traditional Indian methods of governance to run British India rather than the policy of importing European-style law, government and culture favoured by many of his colleagues and representatives of other colonial powers in India. After working his way through the ranks of the Company he was appointed in 1773 as governor general, a new position that had been created by the North government in order to improve the running of British India. The old structure of rule had come under strain as the company's holdings had expanded in recent decades from isolated trading posts to large swathes of territory and population.\nThe powers of the governor general were balanced out by the establishment of a Calcutta Council which had the authority to veto his decisions. Hastings spent much of his time in office marshalling his own supporters on the Council in an effort to avoid being outvoted.\n\n\n=== Disputes and war ===\n\nHastings soon ran into opposition on the council. His principal enemy was the Irish-born politician Philip Francis. Francis developed a strong dislike of Hastings and was convinced that the Governor General's policies were self-serving and destructive. This was a belief shared with some other members of the Council whom he was able to influence. Francis and Hastings' personal rivalry continued for many years and led to a duel between them in 1780 in which Francis was wounded, but not killed. Francis returned to Britain in 1781 and began raising questions about Hastings' conduct. He found support from many leading opposition Whigs.\nIn 1780 Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, went to war with the company after British forces captured the French-controlled port of Mahé. Taking advantage of Britain's involvement in the American War of Independence and the support of French forces Hyder went on the offensive and enjoyed success during the opening stages of the war, inflicting a serious defeat at the Battle of Pollilur and at one point threatening Madras itself with capture. The Commander in Chief Eyre Coote went south with reinforcements and defeated Hyder's army in a series of battles which helped to steady the position in the Carnatic. Hyder was unable to secure victory and the war ended in a stalemate. It was halted by the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784 which largely restored the status quo ante bellum. Even so, the British position in India had been severely threatened.\nThe war shook public confidence and raised questions about the supposed mismanagement by the company's agents in India. It proved to be a catalyst for the growing campaign in London against Hastings which gathered strength during the ensuing years.\n\n\n=== First attacks ===\nThe company had already gone through scandals in the 1760s and 1770s and the wealthy nabobs who returned to Britain from India were widely unpopular. Against this backdrop the criticisms circulated by Francis and others provoked a general consensus that the 1773 India Act had not been sufficient to rein in the alleged excesses. The Indian question again became",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What job did the individual hold in England when impeached for actions taken while serving as Governor General of India? | [
{
"id": 84937,
"question": "who was impeached in england for acts committed as governor general of india",
"answer": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 148696,
"question": "What is the position of #1 ?",
"answer": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Governor-General of India | [
"Viceroy of India"
] | true | What is the position of the person impeached in England for acts committed as governor general of India? |
3hop2__90098_19639_10557 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditionalCharlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Germans",
"paragraph_text": " in many Germans becoming ethnic minorities in newly established countries. In the chaotic years that followed, Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Nazi Germany and embarked on a genocidal campaign to unify all Germans under his leadership. His Nazi movement defined Germans in a very broad way which included Austrians, Luxembourgers, eastern Belgians, and so-called Volksdeutsche, which were ethnic Germans elsewhere in Europe and globally. However, this Nazi conception expressly excluded German citizens of Jewish or Roma background. Nazi policies of military aggression and its persecution of those deemed non-Germans in the Holocaust led to World War II in which the Nazi regime was defeated by allied powers, led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the former Soviet Union. In the aftermath of Germany's defeat in the war, the country was occupied and once again partitioned. Millions of Germans were expelled from Central and Eastern Europe. In 1990, West Germany and East Germany were reunified. In modern times, remembrance of the Holocaust, known as Erinnerungskultur (\"culture of remembrance\"), has become an integral part of German identity.\nOwing to their long history of political fragmentation, Germans are culturally diverse and often have strong regional identities. Arts and sciences are an integral part of German culture, and the Germans have been represented by many prominent personalities in a significant number of disciplines, including Nobel prize laureates where Germany is ranked third among countries of the world in the number of total recipients.\n\n\n== Names ==\n\nThe English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English. The term Germans may also be applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to haveThe migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire. power and population of this empire grew considerably. It expanded eastwards, and eventually a substantial number of Germans migrated further eastwards into Eastern Europe. The empire itself was politically divided between many small princedoms, cities and bishoprics. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, many of these states found themselves in bitter conflict concerning the rise of Protestantism. \nIn the 19th century, the Holy Roman Empire dissolved, and German nationalism began to grow. The Kingdom of Prussia incorporated most Germans into its German Empire in 1871, and a substantial additional number of Germans were in the multiethnic kingdom of Austria-Hungary. During this time, a large number of Germans emigrated to the New World, particularly to the United States, especially to present-day Pennsylvania. Large numbers also emigrated to Canada and Brazil, and they established sizable communities in New Zealand and Australia. The Russian Empire also included a substantial German population.\nFollowing the end of World War I, Austria-Hungary and the German Empire were partitioned, resulting in many Germans becoming ethnic minorities in newly established countries. In the chaotic years that followed, Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Nazi Germany and embarked on a genocidal campaign to unify all Germans under his leadership. His Nazi movement defined Germans in a very broad way which included Austrians, Luxembourgers, eastern Belgians, and so-called Volksdeutsche, which were ethnic Germans elsewhere in Europe and globally. However, this Nazi conception expressly excluded German citizens of Jewish or Roma background. Nazi policies of military aggression and its persecution of those deemed non-Germans in the Holocaust led to World War II in which the Nazi regime was defeated by allied powers, led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the former Soviet Union. In the aftermath of Germany's defeat in the war, the country was occupied and once again partitioned. Millions of Germans were expelled from Central and Eastern Europe. In 1990, West Germany and East Germany were reunified. In modern times, remembrance of the Holocaust, known as Erinnerungskultur (\"culture of remembrance\"), has",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "SilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian musician and ornithologist\nSilvester Fernandes (born 1936), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Gardiner (1708–1786), American physician etc.\nSilvester Goraseb (born 1974), Namibian footballer\nSylvester Graham (1794–1851), Presbyterian minister, father of graham crackers\nSilvester Harding (1745–1809), English artist and publisher\nSilvester Horne (1865–1914), Congregational minister\nSylvester James Jr. (1947–1988), also known asSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period. period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which language, pertinent to the period of the monarch who amalgamated the tribes in the 9th century and is also the root of the surname Sylvester, was employed? | [
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 19639,
"question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the form of the language that the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the king who united the 9th century tribes, later known as? |
2hop__46213_494136 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)",
"paragraph_text": "8 Dove Awards, the film won \"Inspirational Film of the Year\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTen-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day, Bart's mother drops him off at a Christian camp, where Bart meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds that his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings. Bart angrily confronts Arthur, who denies that his abusiveness was the reason she left.\nYears later, in high school, Bart and Shannon are dating. Bart plays football to please Arthur, but is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. The only elective with openings is music class, so he reluctantly signs up. Initially, Bart is assigned to be a sound technician, but after overhearing him singing, the director casts him in the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma!. Bart overcomes his reluctance and gives an impressive performance, but does not tell Arthur, who finds out the night of the show when he happens to see a flyer for the show in a diner. Arthur suddenly collapses in pain, and finds out he has cancer, which he hides from Bart. The following morning, Bart antagonizes Arthur, who smashes a plate over his head. At church, Shannon sees the blood and presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her, and leaves town to seek his fortune in the city.\nBart joins a band in need of a singer, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when Shannon flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convince record executives to sign the band, who do not believe the band, now performing as \"MercyMe\", is good enough. Devastated, Bart quits the band, but Brickell thinks that Bart needs to resolve issues in his personal life, so Bart reconciles with the band and asks them to wait for him, and leaves to return home.\nBart returns home late at night, and is confused to find that Arthur has prepared breakfast for him the next morning. Arthur claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is skeptical and refuses to forgive him, and leaves. In anger and despair, Arthur smashes his old Jeep, which he had asked Bart to help him restore. Bart attempts to drive away in Arthur's pickup, but discovers the terminal cancer diagnosis, and returns to Arthur. Bart forgives his father, and the two form a deep bond, but Arthur soon dies of his illness.\nAfter Arthur's funeral, Bart rejoins the band and writes \"I Can Only Imagine\", and also calls Shannon and apologizes to her for the first time since their breakup. Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single, and Bart, who just wants the song to be heard, accepts. On stage, Grant begins the song, but can't bring herself to sing it, and calls Bart on stage from the audience to sing it himself. Bart's performance earns an enthusiastic ovation, and he reunites with Shannon, who was also in attendance. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving success on both Christian and mainstream radio.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nJ. Michael Finley as Bart Millard\nBrody Rose as Young Bart Millard\nTanya Clarke as Adele Millard\nCloris Leachman as Meemaw Leona Millard, Bart's grandmother\nMadeline Carroll as Shannon Street, Bart's girlfriend\nTaegan Burns as Young Shannon Street\nDennis Quaid as Arthur Millard, Bart's abusive father\nTrace Adkins as Scott Brickell, MercyMe's manager\nPriscilla Shirer as Mrs. Fincher, Bart's teacher\nNicole DuPort as Amy Grant\nJake B. Miller as Michael W. Smith\nJason Burkey as Mike Scheuchzer\nMark Furze as Nathan Cochran\nRandy McDowell as Jim Bryson\nCole Marcus as Robbie Shaffer\nGianna Simone as Dr. Avondale\nKevin Downes as Singleton\nDelilah as Herself\nBart Millard as Radio Host\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nThe film was announced in December 2016. Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017. Broadway actor J. Michael Finley, who sang all the songs in the movie, makes his film debut as Bart Millard. The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018. In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the United States.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\n\n=== Box office ===\nI Can Only Imagine grossed $83.4 million in the United States and Canada and $1.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $85.2 million, against a production budget of $7 million. It is the fourth-highest grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States, behind Bohemian Rhapsody, Straight Outta Compton and Walk the Line. It is also the highest-grossing independent film of 2018.\nI Can Only Imagine was released on March 16, 2018, alongside Tomb Raider and Love, Simon, and was originally projected to gross $2–4 million from 1,620 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after making $6.2 million on its first day (including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews), weekend estimates were increased to $14 million. It ended up grossing $17.1 millionI Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.II Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.man also star.\nI Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It was a box office success, grossing $86 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, earning more than twelve times its budget. It is the fifth highest-grossing music",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": " their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay homeFlesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\" what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In another movie, who portrays the wife of the actor who assumes the role of the father in I Can Only Imagine? | [
{
"id": 46213,
"question": "i can only imagine movie who played the dad",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Meg Ryan | [] | true | The actor who plays the father in I Can Only Imagine has a wife played by who in another film? |
2hop__96410_47902 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)",
"paragraph_text": " as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Aaron Cross is a member of a black ops program called Operation Outcome whose subjects are genetically enhanced. He must run for his life once former CIA Treadstone agent Jason Bourne's actions lead to the public exposure of Operation Treadstone and its successor Operation Blackbriar.\nFilming was primarily in New York City, with some scenes shot in the Philippines, South Korea, and Canada. Released on August 10, 2012, the film received mixed reviews and grossed $276 million at the box office. It was followed in 2016 by Jason Bourne, with Damon reprising his role.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSix weeks after Jason Bourne's escape from Russia after his meeting with Irena, Operation Outcome agent Aaron Cross (Number Five) is assigned a training exercise in the Alaskan wilderness as punishment for going AWOL. He must traverse the rugged terrain to find a remote cabin while being stalked by wolves. The cabin is operated by Number Three, another Outcome agent there as punishment. Cross lies and tells Number Three that he has lost his program medication dog tags containing \"chems\" that Outcome agents must take to maintain their mental and physical enhancements.\nColonel Eric Byer is tasked with containing the fallout from Pam Landy's exposure of Operations Treadstone and Blackbriar. He and his team find several videos of Treadstone and Outcome medical directors Albert Hirsch and Dan Hillcott, respectively, being together posted online that could lead investigators to Operation Outcome. Byer orders Outcome to be completely shut down and all of the agents and participating doctors killed to protect the secrecy of other clandestine programs.\nByer deploys an armed drone to eliminate Cross and Number Three. Number Three is killed when a missile from the drone destroys the cabin, but Cross – who was outdoors when the drone struck – survives. He shoots down the drone with a rifle and removes a subdermal tracking implant from his hip. He traps an aggressive wolf and forces it to swallow his tracker. Another drone targets the tracker and kills the wolf, leading Byer's team to conclude that Cross was killed. At Sterisyn Morlanta, the pharmaceutical company supporting Outcome, researcher Dr. Donald Foite seemingly snaps and methodically shoots down Hillcott and his colleagues who have been working on Outcome. After being cornered by guards, Foite shoots himself, leaving Dr. Marta Shearing as the program's sole survivor.\nCross travels from Alaska to Chicago to recover a stashed car, money, and fake identification. Running low on chems and seeing news that his Outcome provider, Dr. Shearing, had survived the shooting, he drives to her home in Maryland. Meanwhile, Byer sends four assassins disguised as federal agents to kill Dr. Shearing and make it look like a suicide. Cross intervenes, kills the assassins, and burns down Dr. Shearing's house to cover their escape. Shearing tells Cross that the program already used a virus to lock in his physical enhancements, eliminating his need for his physical chems. They plan to fly to the Philippines to obtain a live virus to lock in hisThe titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).The titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton.\nThe Bourne Legacy is the only film in the franchise that does not feature the titular character Jason Bourne, as actor Matt Damon chose not to return due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Aaron Cross is a member of a black ops program called Operation Outcome whose subjects are genetically enhanced. He must run for his life once former CIA Treadstone agent Jason Bourne's actions lead to the public exposure of Operation Treadstone and its successor Operation Blackbriar.\nFilming was primarily in New York City, with some scenes shot in the Philippines, South Korea, and Canada. Released on August 10, 2012, the film received mixed reviews and grossed $276 million at the box office. It was followed in 2016 by Jason Bourne, with Damon reprising his role.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSix weeks after Jason Bourne's escape from Russia after his meeting with Irena, Operation Outcome agent Aaron Cross (Number Five) is assigned a training exercise in the Alaskan wilderness as punishment for going AWOL. He must traverse the rugged terrain to find a remote cabin while being stalked by wolves. The cabin is operated by Number Three, another Outcome agent there as punishment. Cross lies and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Bourne Betrayal",
"paragraph_text": "-Jamil and he are the leaders of Dujja.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nAt the beginning of the book, Bourne is in Doctor Sunderland's office. Sunderland, recommended by Lindros, is a specialist in memory restoration and miniaturization. Unfortunately for Bourne, he doesn't know that this man posing as Sunderland is actually Costin Veintrop, hired by Fadi to mess with Bourne's brain by creating new memories. These new memories can be evoked by new smells or even hearing things. As Bourne exits the office two things happen: Veintrop calls Fadi and tells him the work is done, and Bourne receives a call that Martin is missing. He then catches a cab and heads back to the CIA headquarters to talk to the Old Man.\nBack at the CIA, Bourne is introduced to a number of new people: Matthew Lerner (the Deputy Director until Lindros gets back), Soraya Moore (a senior case officer), Hiram Cevik (a prisoner, actually Fadi in disguise), and Tim Hytner (who is framed as a traitor to the CIA organization). Tim is working on cracking a cipher created by Fadi. Unwittingly Bourne brings Cevik out of his prison cage to take a walk with him in an attempt to extract more information about Fadi. Then Cevik escapes under the cover of a gun battle in which Hytner is killed. Bourne then steals a motorcycle from the back of a truck to follow the Hummer, which he thinks Cevik is still trying to escape in. Once the Hummer is stopped upThe Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Legacy\" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to \"The Bourne Betrayal\" titled \"The Bourne Sanction\". the prologue, CIA Deputy Director Martin Lindros is in Ras Dejen, the tallest peak in the Semien mountain range, tracking major shipments of yellowcake uranium and atomic bomb weaponry. Lindros is then kidnapped by the terrorist leader, Fadi, one of the leaders of Dujja. Fadi's real name is Abu Ghazi Hadir al-Jamuh ibn Hamid ibn Ashef al-Wah",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who portrays the main role in The Bourne Betrayal? | [
{
"id": 96410,
"question": "The The Bourne Betrayal has what character?",
"answer": "Jason Bourne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 47902,
"question": "who is the actor who plays #1",
"answer": "Matt Damon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Matt Damon | [] | true | Who is the actor who plays the title character in The Bourne Betrayal? |
2hop__57638_90991 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2007 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "reshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while OdenFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.FreshFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 200",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": " records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest pointWilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball League (United States) season scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual steals leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\n\nSpecificIn basketball, points are accumulated through free throws or field goals. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season. The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1968–69 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead. The three-point field goal was introduced in the NBA at the start of the 1979–80 season. To qualify for the scoring title, a player must appear in at least 58 games (out of 82). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the NBA draft, who was selected ahead of the player with the record for the highest average points? | [
{
"id": 57638,
"question": "who has the highest point average in nba history",
"answer": "Kevin Durant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 90991,
"question": "who was picked over #1 in the draft",
"answer": "Greg Oden",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Greg Oden | [] | true | Who was picked over the player with the highest point average in NBA history in the draft? |
2hop__475808_71302 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Godfather Part II",
"paragraph_text": "ily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who isThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.The Godfather is a trilogy of American crime films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The films follow the trials of the fictional Italian American mafia Corleone family whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974, and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning between $430 and $517 million worldwide. The Godfather and The Godfather Part II are both seen by many as two of the greatest films of all time. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Vito's oldest son Sonny subsequently takes over the family business and he conspires with Michael to strike back for the assassination attempt by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder and marries his former girlfriend Kay. Vito then turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, his father dies, and he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontane's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role inThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Vito's oldest son Sonny subsequently takes over the family business and he conspires with Michael to strike back for the assassination attempt by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who isThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Mistress (1992 film)",
"paragraph_text": " his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistressMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.Mistress is a 1992 American comedy-drama film directed by Barry Primus in his directorial debut, written by Primus and J. F. Lawton, and starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistress he insists be cast in the film in exchangeMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.uhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the disturbed war veteran Carmine and the eccentric millionaire George. But each has a mistressMistress is a 1992 comedy-drama film starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau. The picture was written by Barry Primus and J.F. Lawton and directed by Primus.Mistress is a 1992 American comedy-drama film directed by Barry Primus in his directorial debut, written by Primus and J. F. Lawton, and starring Robert De Niro, Danny Aiello, Eli Wallach, Robert Wuhl and Martin Landau.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter and director named Marvin Landisman is working on cheaply-made instructional videos when his years-old script is read by Jack Roth, a has-been producer who offers to help Marvin find investors for his movie.\nThree men willing to put up the money are found — the ruthless businessman Evan, the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who portrays the role of the producer in Mistress in the film, The Godfather? | [
{
"id": 475808,
"question": "Mistress >> producer",
"answer": "Robert De Niro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 71302,
"question": "who does #1 play in the godfather",
"answer": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Vito Corleone | [] | true | In The Godfather, who does the producer of Mistress play? |
2hop__107548_124896 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Francis Bacon",
"paragraph_text": " His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s \"screaming popes,\" the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings.\nBacon did not begin to paint until his late twenties, having drifted in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an interior decorator, bon vivant and gambler. He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. His breakthrough came with the 1944 triptych Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, which sealed his reputation as a uniquely bleak chronicler of the human condition. From the mid-1960s, he mainly produced portraits of friends and drinking companions, either as single, diptych or triptych panels. Following the suicide of his lover George Dyer in 1971 (memorialised in his Black Triptychs, and a number of posthumous portraits), his art became more sombre, inward-looking and preoccupied with the passage of time and death. The climax of his later period is marked by the masterpieces Study for Self-Portrait (1982) and Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86.\nDespite his existentialist and bleak outlook, Bacon was charismatic, articulate and well-read. A bon vivant, he spent his middle age eating, drinking and gambling in London's Soho with like-minded friends including Lucian Freud (although they fell out in the mid-1970s, for reasons neither ever explained), John Deakin, Muriel Belcher, Henrietta Moraes, Daniel Farson, Tom Baker and Jeffrey Bernard. After Dyer's suicide, he largely distanced himself from this circle, and while still socially active and his passion for gambling and drinking continued, he settled into a platonic and somewhat fatherly relationship with his eventual heir, John Edwards.\nSince his death, Bacon's reputation has grown steadily, and his work is among the most acclaimed, expensive and sought-after on the art market. In the late 1990s a number of major works, previously assumed destroyed, including early 1950s pope paintings and 1960s portraits, re-emerged to set record prices at auction.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\nFrancis Bacon was born on 28 October 1909 in 63 Lower Baggot Street in Dublin. At that time, all of Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom. His father, Army Captain Anthony Edward \"Eddy\" Mortimer Bacon, was born in Adelaide,Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle.FFrancis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle. he strove to render \"the brutality of fact.\" He built up a reputation as one of the giants of contemporary art with his unique style.\nBacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work, which numbers in the region of 590 extant paintings along with many others he destroyed, typically focused on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats. His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s \"screaming popes,\" the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings.\nBacon did not begin to paint until his late twenties, having drifted in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an interior decorator, bon vivant and gambler. He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. His breakthrough came with the 1944 triptych Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, which sealed his reputation as a uniquely bleak chronicler of the human condition. From the mid-1960s, he mainly produced portraits of friends and drinking companions,",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Head I",
"paragraph_text": " hippopotamus skin\", and later \"I had an idea in those days that textures should be very much thicker, and therefore the texture of, for instance a rhinoceros skin would help me to think about the texture of the human skin\". Furthering this impression, the mouth and teeth resemble those of a howling fanged animal.\nBacon began the Head series out of necessity; he was granted the 1949 exhibition at the Hayward a year in advance, but hadHead I is a relatively small oil and tempera on hardboard painting by the Irish-born British figurative artist Francis Bacon. Completed in 1948, it is the first in a series of six heads, the remainder of which were painted the following year in preparation for a November 1949 exhibition at the Hanover Gallery in London. Like the others in the series, it shows a screaming figure alone in a room, and focuses on the open mouth. The work shows a skull which has disintegrated on itself and is largely a formless blob of flesh. The entire upper half has disappeared, leaving only the jaw, mouth and teeth and one ear still intact. It is the first of Bacon's paintings to feature gold background railings or bars; later to become a prominent feature of his 1950s work, especially in the papal portraits where they would often appear as enclosing or cages around the figures. It is not known what influences were behind the image; most likely they were multiple – press or war photography, and critic Denis Farr detects the influence of Matthias Grünewald.HeadHead I is a relatively small oil and tempera on hardboard painting by the Irish-born British figurative artist Francis Bacon. Completed in 1948, it is the first in a series of six heads, the remainder of which were painted the following year in preparation for a November 1949 exhibition at the Hanover Gallery in London. Like the others in the series, it shows a screaming figure alone in a room, and focuses on the open mouth. The work shows a skull which has disintegrated on itself and is largely a formless blob of flesh. The entire upper half has disappeared, leaving only the jaw, mouth and teeth and one ear still intact. It is the first of Bacon's paintings to feature gold background railings or bars; later to become a prominent feature of his 1950s work, especially in the papal portraits where they would often appear as enclosing or cages around the figures. It is not known what influences were behind the image; most likely they were multiple – press or war photography, and critic Denis Farr detects the influence of Matthias Grünewald.acon juxtaposes traditional elements of portraiture with loose, spontaneous brushwork. In some passages he has rubbed or brushed out (perhaps with a cloth) the paint, a technique art historian Armin Zweite describes as \"productive vandalism\". There are a number of ambiguous elements in the work. The hanging tassel rest just above the figure's right ear, giving the impression that it has hooked the head and is pulling it sideways. The gold railings suggest in the top right suggest the corner of a room, while those in the center background may be the headboard of a bed. The upper half is largely void of detail, while the lower portion, particularly the lower third has been heavily reworked, and consists of a blending of white, gray and black pigments.\nThe use of heavy impasto gives the impression of animal skin; critic Robert Melville described the \"color of wet, black snakes lightly powdered with dust\". In 1951 Bacon said of his choice of colour and gloss; \"One of the problems is to paint like Velázquez, but with the texture of a hippopotamus skin\", and later \"I had an idea in those days that textures should be very much thicker, and therefore the texture of, for instance a rhinoceros skin would help me to think about the texture of the human skin\". Furthering this impression, the mouth and teeth resemble those of a howling fanged animal.\nBacon began the Head series out of necessity; he was granted the 1949 exhibition at the Hayward a year in advance, but hadHead I is a relatively small oil and tempera on hardboard painting by the Irish-born British figurative artist Francis Bacon. Completed in 1948, it is the first in a series of six heads, the remainder of which were painted the following year in preparation for a November 1949 exhibition at the Hanover Gallery in London. Like the others in the series, it shows a screaming figure alone in a room, and focuses on the open mouth. The work shows a skull which has disintegrated on itself and is largely a formless blob of flesh. The entire upper half has disappeared, leaving only the jaw, mouth and teeth and one ear still intact. It is the first of Bacon's paintings to feature gold background railings or bars; later to become a prominent feature of his 1950s work, especially in the papal portraits where they would often appear as enclosing or cages around the figures. It is not known what influences were behind the image; most likely they were multiple – press or war photography, and critic Denis Farr detects the influence of Matthias Grünewald.Head I is a relatively small oil and tempera on hardboard painting by the Irish-born British figurative artist Francis Bacon. Completed in 1948, it is the first in a series of six heads, the remainder of which were painted the following year in preparation for a November 1949 exhibition at the Hanover Gallery in London. Like the others in the series, it shows a screaming figure alone in a room, and focuses on the open mouth",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the patriarch of the artist responsible for the painting, Head I? | [
{
"id": 107548,
"question": "Who is Head I by?",
"answer": "Francis Bacon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 124896,
"question": "What is the name of #1 father?",
"answer": "Nicholas Bacon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Nicholas Bacon | [
"Sir Nicholas Bacon"
] | true | Who is the father of the artist who painted Head I? |
2hop__2299_38663 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird",
"paragraph_text": ", an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.\n\n\n== Biographical background and publication ==\nBorn in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became a close friend of soon-to-be-famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at theThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyerThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person. Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the Deep South. Lessons from the book emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets. In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\".\nReaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education, literary analysis of it is sparse. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book \"an astonishing phenomenon\". It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown.\nTo Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.\n\n\n== Biographical background and publication ==\nBorn in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became a close friend of soon-to-be-famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at theThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person.To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by the American author Harper Lee. It was published in July 1960 and became instantly",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Tanzania",
"paragraph_text": " extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of at least 67.4 million.\nMany important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago.:��page 18�� These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas. In the late 19th century, the mainland came under German rule as German East Africa, and this was followed by British rule after World War I when it was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Tanganyika joined the British Commonwealth and Tanzania remains a member of the Commonwealth as a unified republic.\nToday the country is a presidential constitutional republic with the federal capital located in Government City, Dodoma; the former capital, Dar es Salaam, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre. Tanzania is a de facto one-party state with the democratic socialist Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power. The country has not experienced major internal strife since independence and is seen as one of the safest and most politically stable on the continent. Tanzania's population comprises about 120 ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. Christianity is the largest religion in Tanzania, with substantial Muslim and Animist minorities. Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa; the country does not have a de jure official language, although the national language is Swahili. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education, while Arabic isMarket strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total drop of 89% over the following 16 months. \"It's very troubling if you have a mirror image,\" said Dow. Floyd Norris, the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times, wrote in a blog entry in March 2009 that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression, explaining that although the decline amounts were nearly the same at the time, the rates of decline had started much faster in 2007, and that the past year had only ranked eighth among the worst recorded years of percentage drops in the Dow. The past two years ranked third, however., Tanzania has a population of at least 67.4 million.\nMany important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and",
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] | During the historical period the book is set in, by what percentage did the Dow Jones decrease? | [
{
"id": 2299,
"question": "In what historical era does the book take place?",
"answer": "the Great Depression",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 38663,
"question": "What was the percentage the Dow Jones fell in #1 ?",
"answer": "54.7%",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 54.7% | [] | true | What percentage did the Dow Jones fall in the historical era where the book takes place? |
3hop1__320697_547811_80702 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Rialto Bridge",
"paragraph_text": " has defied its critics to become one of the architectural icons, and top tourist attractions, in Venice.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first dry crossing of the Grand Canal was a pontoon bridge built in 1181 by Nicolò Barattieri. It was called the Ponte della Moneta, presumably because of the mint that stood near its eastern entrance.\nThe development and importance of the Rialto market on the eastern bank increased traffic on the floating bridge, so it was replaced in 1255 by a wooden bridge. This structure had two ramps meeting at a movable central section, that could be raised to allow the passage of tall ships. The connection with the market eventually led to a change of name for the bridge. During the first half of the 15th century, two rowsThe Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city. stone bridge, a single span designed by Antonio da Ponte, began to be constructed in 1588 and was completed in 1591. It is similar to the wooden bridge it succeeded. Two ramps lead up to a central portico. On either side of the portico, the covered ramps carry rows of shops. The engineering of the bridge was considered so audacious that architect Vincenzo Scamozzi predicted future ruin. The bridge has defied its critics to become one of the architectural icons, and top tourist attractions, in Venice.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first dry crossing of the Grand Canal was a pontoon bridge built in 1181 by Nicolò Barattieri. It was called the Ponte della Moneta, presumably because of the mint that stood near its eastern entrance.\nThe development and importance of the Rialto market on the eastern bank increased traffic on the floating bridge, so it was replaced in 1255 by a wooden bridge. This structure had two ramps meeting at a movable central section, that could be raised to allow the passage of tall ships. The connection with the market eventually led to a change of name for the bridge. During the first half of the",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)",
"paragraph_text": " of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personalOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.\n\n\n== Authorship ==\nFederico Maria Sardelli, according to the studies of Reinhard Strohm, argues that Orlando RV 819 was entirely recomposed by Vivaldi, starting from the original Ristori's opera that Vivaldi himself had already changed during the numerous representations of the season 1713. He assigned to it the catalogue number RV 819. One suggestion is that Vivaldi",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Nulla in mundo pax sincera",
"paragraph_text": " major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.NullNulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.ets.\nThe motet consists of three parts (Aria; Recitative; Aria), followed by a concluding Alleluia. A full performance of the piece takes approximately 13 minutes.\n\n\n== Text ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe first aria, sung by Jane Edwards, was featured in the 1996 film Shine.\n\n\n== Media ==\nThe instrumental version of Nulla in mundo pax sincera is used as the song for the phonograph in the video game We Need toNulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.Nulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.\nThe motet consists of three parts (Aria; Recitative; Aria), followed by a concluding Alleluia. A full performance of the piece takes approximately 13 minutes.\n\n\n== Text ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe first aria, sung by Jane Edwards, was featured in the 1996 film Shine.\n\n\n== Media ==\nThe instrumental version of Nulla in mundo pax sincera is used as the song for the phonograph in the video game We Need to Go Deeper\n\n\n== External links ==\nNulla in mundo pax sincera: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project\nPerformance of Nulla in mundo pax sincera by A Far Cry with Amanda Forsythe (soprano) from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in M4A formatNulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.\nThe motet consists of three parts (Aria; Recitative; Aria), followed by a concluding Alleluia. A full performance of the piece takes approximately 13 minutes.\n\n\n== Text ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe first aria, sung by Jane Edwards, was featured in the 1996 film Shine.\n\n\n== Media ==\nThe instrumental version of Nulla in mundo pax sincera is used as the song for the phonograph",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What is the renowned bridge situated in the hometown of the individual who composed Nulla in mundo pax sincera called? | [
{
"id": 320697,
"question": "Nulla in mundo pax sincera >> composer",
"answer": "Antonio Vivaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
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{
"id": 547811,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
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{
"id": 80702,
"question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2",
"answer": "Rialto Bridge",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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] | Rialto Bridge | [
"Ponte di Rialto"
] | true | What is the name of the famous bridge located in the birthplace of the composer of Nulla in mundo pax sincera? |
3hop1__105126_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999\", \"The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor\", \"The Special Panels for Serious Crimes\", and \"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation\".\nThe commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the \"historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999\" to \"inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices.\"\nOperating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that \"gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999\" and that \"pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility\", as well as stating that \"from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report.\" The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standingThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Gado-gado",
"paragraph_text": " hawkers' carts, stalls (\"warung\") and restaurants and hotels in Indonesia; it is also served in Indonesian-style restaurants worldwide. Though it is customarily called a salad, the peanut sauce is a larger component of \"gado-gado\" than is usual for the dressings in Western-style salads; the vegetables should be well coated with it.G\"Gado-gado\" is widely sold in almost every part of Indonesia, with each area having its own modifications. It is thought to have originally been a Sundanese dish, as it is most prevalent in Western parts of Java (which includes Jakarta, Banten, and West Java provinces). The Javanese have their own slightly similar version of a vegetables-in-peanut-sauce dish called \"pecel\" which is more prevalent in Central and East Java. \"Gado-gado\" is widely available from hawkers' carts, stalls (\"warung\") and restaurants and hotels in Indonesia; it is also served in Indonesian-style restaurants worldwide. Though it is customarily called a salad, the peanut sauce is a larger component of \"gado-gado\" than is usual for the dressings in Western-style salads; the vegetables should be well coated with it. longbeans, bean sprouts, spinach, chayote, bitter gourd, corn and cabbage, along with tofu, tempeh, and hard-boiled eggs. They are all mixed in peanut sauce dressing, sometimes also topped with krupuk and sprinkles of fried shallots. Gado-gado is different from Sundanese lot\"Gado-gado\" is widely sold in almost every part of Indonesia, with each area having its own modifications. It is thought to have originally been a Sundanese dish, as it is most prevalent in Western parts of Java (which includes Jakarta, Banten, and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, TilomarDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested in a Governor and Vice-Governor elected by the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) every five years. Legislative authority was vested in the DPRD, both in province and regency level.\n\n\n=== Governors ===\n\nBelow are governors of East Timor Province from 1976 to 1999:\n\n\n=== Regional Representative Council ===\nComposition of the Regional Representative Council between 1980 and 1999:\n\n\n== Government and administrative divisions ==\n\nThe province was divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) and one administrative city (kota administratif). These are listed below along with their districts (kecamatan), per December 1981:\n\nDili Administrative City, served as the capital of East Timor, also the capital and part of Dili Regency, consisted of East Dili (Dili Timur) and West Dili (Dili Barat) districts, which formerly belonged to Dili Regency before the creation of the administrative city status in November 1981.\nDili Regency, consisted of Dili Administrative City, Atauro and Metinaro districts.\nBaucau Regency, with its capital at Baucau, consisted of Baucau, Vemasse, Laga, Baguia, Venilale, and Quelicai districts.\nManatuto Regency, with its capital at Manatuto, consisted of Manatuto, Laclubar, Barique, Laclo, and Laleia districts.\nLautem Regency, with its capital at Lospalos, consisted of Lospalos, Luro, Iliomar, Lautem, and Tutuala districts.\nViqueque Regency, with its capital at Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who has been appointed as the president of the recently proclaimed autonomous nation that's part of the Truth and Friendship Commission with the nation known for Gado-gado? | [
{
"id": 105126,
"question": "The country for Gado-gado was what?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Gado-gado is found? |
2hop__635187_861533 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Niassa Reserve",
"paragraph_text": " ecology of northern Mozambique. \nThe relative isolation and lack of development that protects the park also hurts its potential for tourism. Mozambican officials admit constraints to development of the park's appeal include \"remoteness and difficult access ... lack of any established tourism infrastructure and the logistical hardship associated with starting an enterprise under these conditions.\"\nSince 2005, the protected area is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.\n\n\n== Borders ==\nThe northern border is formed by the Rovuma River, which also forms the border with Tanzania. Niassa Reserve is twice the size of Kruger National Park and comparable to the total area of Wales, Denmark or Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Ecosystem ==\nNiassa is part of the Eastern miombo woodlands, which also encompasses parts of Tanzania and Malawi. The reserve is one of the largest miombo woodland preserves in the world, with miombo forest covering half of the preserve. The remainder is mostly open savannah, with some wetlands and isolated patches of forest. 95% of the preserve's biomass is vegetation, which includes 21 types of plant matter and 191 species of trees and shrubs.\nNiassa Preserve boasts an African wild dog population of over 350, significant for an endangered mammal with a global population estimated at 8000. The park boasts a sable antelope population of over 12000, an elephant population of 16000, over 400 bird species, and large populations of Cape buffalo, impala, wildebeest, zebra and leopards. The area has three endemic species - the Niassa wildebeest, Boehm's zebra, and Johnston's Impala.\nThe reserve is home to Mecula Mountain, located at the center of the park with a height of 1,441 metres (4,728 ft).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial Web Site\nMtwara Development CorridorNiassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over 42,000 square kilometres (10,000,000 acres), it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.\n\n\n== History ==\nFounded in 1954 while Mozambique was still Portuguese East Africa, Niassa did not receive effective protection until the end of the Mozambican Civil War with the signing of the Rome General Peace Accords. Since then, the Mozambican government has set up management systems in order to protect the ecology of northern Mozambique. \nThe relative isolation and lack of development that protects the park also hurts its potential for tourism. Mozambican officials admit constraints to development of the park's appeal include \"remoteness and difficult access ... lack of any established tourism infrastructure and the logistical hardship associated with starting an enterprise under these conditions.\"\nSince 2005, the protected area is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.\n\n\n== Borders ==\nThe northern border is formed by the Rovuma River, which also forms the border with Tanzania. Niassa Reserve is twice the size of Kruger National Park and comparable to the total area of Wales, Denmark or Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Ecosystem ==\nNiassa is part of the Eastern miombo woodlands, which also encompasses parts of Tanzania and Malawi. The reserve is one of the largest miombo woodland preserves in the world, with miombo forest covering half of the preserve. The remainder is mostly open savannah, with some wetlands and isolated patches of forest. 95% of the preserve's biomass is vegetation, which includes 21 types of plant matter and 191 species of trees and shrubs.\nNiassa Preserve boasts an African wild dog population of over 350, significant for an endangered mammal with a global population estimated at 8000. The park boasts a sable antelope population of over 12000, an elephant population of 16000, over 400 bird species, and large populations of Cape buffalo, impala, wildebeest, zebra and leopards. The area has three endemic species - the Niassa wildebeest, Boehm's zebra, and Johnston's Impala.\nThe reserve is home to Mecula Mountain, located at the center of the park with a height of 1,441 metres (4,728 ft).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial Web Site\nMtwara Development CorridorNiassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over 42,000 square kilometres (10,000,000 acres), it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.\n\n\n== History ==\nFounded in 1954 while Mozambique was still Portuguese East Africa, Niassa did not receive effective protection until the end of the Mozambican Civil War with the signing of the Rome General Peace Accords. Since then, the Mozambican government has set up management systems in order to protect the ecology of northern Mozambique. \nThe relative isolation and lack of development that protects the park also hurts its potential for tourism. Mozambican officials admit constraints to development of the park's appeal include \"remoteness and difficult access ... lack of any established tourism infrastructure and the logistical hardship associated with starting an enterprise under these conditions.\"\nSince 2005, the protected area is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.\n\n\n== Borders ==\nThe northern border is formed by the Rovuma River, which also forms the border with Tanzania. Niassa Reserve is twice the size of Kruger National Park and comparable to the total area of Wales, Denmark or Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Ecosystem ==\nNiassa is part of the Eastern miombo woodlands, which also encompasses parts of Tanzania and Malawi. The reserve is one of the largest miombo woodland preserves in the world, with miombo forest covering half of the preserve. The remainder is mostly open savannah, with some wetlands and isolated patches of forest. 95% of the preserve's biomass is vegetation, which includes 21 types of plant matter and 191 species of trees and shrubs.\nNiassa Preserve boasts an African wild dog population of over 350, significant for an endangered mammal with a global population estimated at 8000. The park boasts a sable antelope population of over 12000, an elephant population of 16000, over 400 bird species, and large populations of Cape buffalo, impala, wildebeest, zebra and leopards. The area has three endemic species - the Niassa wildebeest, Boehm's zebra, and Johnston's Impala.\nThe reserve is home to Mecula Mountain, located at the center of the park with a height of 1,441 metres (4,728 ft).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial Web Site\nMtwara Development CorridorNiassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over 42,000 square kilometres (10,000,000 acres), it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.\n\n\n== History ==\nFounded in 1954 while Mozambique was still Portuguese East Africa, Niassa did not receive effective protection until the end of the Mozambican Civil War with the signing of the Rome General Peace Accords. Since then, the Mozambican government has set up management systems in order to protect the ecology of northern Mozambique. \nThe relative isolation and lack of development that protects the park also hurts its potential for tourism. Mozambican officials admit constraints to development of the park's appeal include \"remoteness and difficult access ... lack of any established tourism infrastructure and the logistical hardship associated with starting an enterprise under these conditions.\"\nSince 2005, the protected area is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.\n\n\n== Borders ==\nThe northern border is formed by the Rovuma River, which also forms the border with Tanzania. Niassa Reserve is twice the size of Kruger National Park and comparable to the total area of Wales, Denmark or Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Ecosystem ==\nNiassa is part of the Eastern miombo woodlands, which alsoNiassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over , it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.Niassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over , it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Lago District",
"paragraph_text": "Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania.Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania.Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania. \n\nArea: 6,438 km2.\nPopulation: 55, 892 (1997 census)\nPopulation density: 8.7 people/km2 (1997)\n\n\n== Settlements ==\nLupilichi\nChicago\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nDistrict profile (PDF)Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania. \n\nArea: 6,438 km2.\nPopulation: 55, 892 (1997 census)\nPopulation density: 8.7 people/km2 (1997)\n\n\n== Settlements ==\nLupilichi\nChicago\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nDistrict profile (PDF)Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania. \n\nArea: 6,438 km2.\nPopulation: 55, 892 (1997 census)\nPopulation density: 8.7 people/km2 (1997)\n\n\n== Settlements ==\nLupilichi\nChicago\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nDistrict profile (PDF)Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania. \n\nArea: 6,438 km2.\nPopulation: 55, 892 (1997 census)\nPopulation density: 8.7 people/km2 (1997)\n\n\n== Settlements ==\nLupilichi\nChicago\n\n\n== Further reading ==\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which province has a common boundary with the province that hosts the Lago District? | [
{
"id": 635187,
"question": "Lago District >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Niassa Province",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 861533,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Cabo Delgado Province",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Cabo Delgado Province | [] | true | What province shares a border with the province where Lago District is located? |
2hop__442175_56873 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nottingham Forest F.C.",
"paragraph_text": " from the top flight in 1997 and 1999. The team returned to the Premier League by winning the play-offs in 2022.\nForest's main rivalry is with Derby County, with who they contest the East Midlands derby. In 2007 the Brian Clough Trophy was founded, which has since then been given to the winner.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 19th century ===\n\nIn 1865 a group of shinty players met at the Clinton Arms (now renamed The Playwright) at the junction of Nottingham's Shakespeare Street and North Sherwood Street. J.S. Scrimshaw's proposal to play association football instead was agreed and Nottingham Forest Football Club was formed. It was agreed at the same meeting that the club would purchase twelve tasselled caps coloured 'Garibaldi Red' (named after the leader of the Italian 'Redshirts' fighters). Thus the club's official colours were established. Matches were originally played at Forest Racecourse, the presumed source of the word 'Forest' in the team's name.\nFrom 2019 to 2023, Nottingham Forest claimed to be the oldest remaining club in the English Football League. In 2019, when Notts County were relegated from the league, Stoke City claimed to be the oldest remaining club, but football historian Mark Metcalf stated that Stoke was formed in 1868, rather than the 1863 date on the club's badge, and therefore Forest was the oldest club. The EFL also stated that Nottingham Forest was the oldest.\nForest's first ever official game was played against Notts County taking place on 22 March 1866. On 23 April 1870, when the team played their first game in league play, the steward of the club was John Lymberry and William Henry Revis scored the first goal. On that day, Revis also won the prize for kicking a football furthest with a kick of 161 feet 8 inches.\nIn their early years Nottingham Forest were a multi-sports club. As well as their roots in bandy and shinty, Forest's baseball club were British champions in 1899. Forest's charitable approach helped clubs like Liverpool, Arsenal and Brighton & Hove Albion to form. In 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits to help Arsenal establish themselves – the North London team still wear red. Forest also donated shirts to Everton and helped secure a site to play on for Brighton.\nIn 1878–79 season, Nottingham Forest entered into the FA Cup for the first time. Forest beat Notts County 3–1 in the first round at Beeston Cricket Ground before eventually losing 2–1 to Old Etonians in the semi-final.\nNottingham Forest's application was rejected to join the Football League at its formation in 1888. Forest instead joined the Football Alliance in 1889.\nThey won the competition in 1892 before then entering the Football League. That season they reached and lost in an FA Cup semi-final for the fourth time to date. This time it was to West Bromwich Albion after a replay.\n\nNottingham Forest's first FA Cup semi-final win was at the fifth attempt, the 1897–98 FA Cup 2–0 replay win against Southampton. The first game was drawn 1–1. Derby County beat Nottingham Forest 5–0 five days before the final. Six of the cup final side were rested in that league game. In that 1898 FA Cup final at Crystal Palace before 62,000 fans, Willie Wragg passed a 19th minute free kick to Arthur Capes. Capes shot through the defensive wall to score. Derby equalised with a free kick headed home by Steve Bloomer off the underside of the cross bar after 31 minutes. In the 42nd minute Jack Fryer was unable to hold a Charlie Richards shot giving Capes a tap in for his second goal. Wragg's injury meant Forest had to change their line up with Capes dropping back to midfield. In the 86th minute John Boag headed away a corner by Nottingham Forest. John McPherson moved in to collect shooting low into the goal to win 3–1.\n\n\n=== First half of 20th century ===\nForest lost FA Cup semi-finals in 1900 and 1902. They finished fourth in the 1900–01 Football League followed with fifth place the season after. The club then started to slide down the table. Forest were relegated for the first time in 1905–06. Grenville Morris had his first of five seasons as the club's highest scorer en route to becoming the all-time club highest goalscorer with 213 goals.\nPromotion as champions was immediate in 1906–07. The club was relegated a second time to the Second Division in 1911, and had to seek re-election in 1914 after finishing bottom of that tier; as the First World War approached it was in serious financial trouble. The outbreak of the War, along with the benevolence of the committee members, prevented the club going under.\nIn 1919, the Football League First Division was to be expanded from twenty clubs to twenty-two in time for the 1919–20 Football League: Forest was one of eight clubs to campaign for entry, but received only three votes. Arsenal and Chelsea gained the two additional top tier slots.\nIn a turnaround from the first six seasons struggling back in the Second Division, Forest were promoted as champions in 1921–22. They survived each of the first two seasons back in the top flight by one position. In the third season after promotion they were relegated as the division's bottom club in 1924–25. They remained in the second tier until relegation in 1949 to the Football League Third Division.\n\n\n=== Re-emergence then decline (1950–1974) ===\nThey were quickly promoted back two years later as champions, having scored a record 110 goals in the 1950–51 season. They regained First Division status in 1957.\nJohnny Quigley's solitary 1958–59 FA Cup semi-final goal beat Aston Villa. Billy Walker's Forest beat Luton Town 2–1 in the 1959 FA Cup final. Like in 1898, Forest had lost heavily to their opponents only weeks earlier in the league. Stewart Imlach crossed for a 10th-minute opener by Roy Dwight (the cousin of Reg Dwight better known as Elton John). Tommy Wilson had Forest 2–0 up after 14 minutes. The game had an unusually large numberForest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups. with the exception of five seasons in the third tier. Its most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which included those back-to-back European Cup triumphs in 1979 and 1980.\nIn Clough's last decade at the club, Forest won the 1989 and 1990 League Cups and were losing finalists in the 1991 FA Cup final and 1992 League Cup final, before relegation from the Premier League in 1993. Upon their immediate return, Forest finished third in the Premier League in 1995 before again suffering relegation from the top flight in 1997 and 1999. The team returned to the Premier League by winning the play-offs in 2022.\nForest's main rivalry is with Derby County, with who they contest the East Midlands derby. In 2007 the Brian Clough Trophy was founded, which has since then been given to the winner.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 19th century ===\n\nIn 1865 a group of shinty players met at the Clinton Arms (now renamed The Playwright) at the junction of Nottingham's Shakespeare Street and North Sherwood Street. J.S. Scrimshaw's proposal to play association football instead was agreed and Nottingham Forest Football Club was formed. It was agreed at the same meeting that the club would purchase twelve tasselled caps coloured 'Garibaldi Red' (named after the leader of the Italian 'Redshirts' fighters). Thus the club's official colours were established. Matches were originally played at Forest Racecourse, the presumed source of the word 'Forest' in the team's name.\nFrom 2019 to 2023, Nottingham Forest claimed to be the oldest remaining club in the English Football League. In 2019, when Notts County were relegated from the league, Stoke City claimed to be the oldest remaining club, but football historian Mark Metcalf stated that Stoke was formed in 1868, rather than the 1863 date on the club's badge, and therefore Forest was the oldest club. The EFL also stated that Nottingham Forest was the oldest.\nForest's first ever official game was played against Notts County taking place on 22 March 1866. On 23 April 1870, when the team played their first game in league play, the steward of the club was John Lymberry and William Henry Revis scored the first goal. On that day, Revis also won the prize for kicking a football furthest with a kick of 161 feet 8 inches.\nIn their early years Nottingham Forest were a multi-sports club. As well as their roots in bandy and shinty, Forest's baseball club were British champions in 1899. Forest's charitable approach helped clubs like Liverpool, Arsenal and Brighton & Hove Albion to form. In 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jamie Ward",
"paragraph_text": " he joined Stockport County on loan until the end of the season, making his league debut in a 1–0 victory away to Bury on 7 March. He made nine appearances, scoring once in a 3–1 home victory against Shrewsbury Town.\n\n\n=== Torquay United ===\nAt the end of the 2005–06 season, Ward was released by Aston Villa and on 6 July 2006 he signed a three-year contract with Ian Atkins' Torquay United, despite interest from Stockport County and Wrexham. However, with a change of ownership and manager at Torquay, Ward asked for a transfer in December 2006.\n\n\n=== Chesterfield ===\nWard joined Chesterfield, managed by former Torquay manager Roy McFarland, on 31 January 2007 on a two-and-a-half-year contract for an undisclosed fee.\nHe started the 2007–08 season brightly, but in only his second game, against Sheffield United, he again pulled his hamstring. He fought back to match fitness and scored twelve goals for the Spireites that season.\nHe began the 2008–09 season as a first choice, with his form attracting attention from higher-level clubs such as Derby County and Sheffield United. He rejected the offer of a new contract with Chesterfield in December 2008, with his existing contract set to expire at the end of the season. In January 2009, Championship side Barnsley made a bid for Ward for £400,000 which had been accepted. However, the move was called off after he failed to agree personal terms with the club.\n\n\n=== Sheffield United ===\nHaving rejected Barnsley, Ward finally agreed a three-and-a-half-year deal with Sheffield United in January 2009 with the clubs agreeing a fee of around £330,000.\nWard scored his first goal for the Blades in only his second appearance, a 2–1 win at Southampton in February of the same year. The Blades had conceded an injury time equaliser before Ward regained the lead in the 93rd minute. He then played regularly for the remainder of the season, scoring a further goal in the process. His season finished on a low note however as he was sent off for two handballs in the 2009 play-off final against Burnley at Wembley.\nHaving been suspended for the first two games of the followingJamie John Ward (born 12 May 1986) is an English-born Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a striker or a winger. Born in Birmingham he began his career with his home-town club Aston Villa but failed to break into the first team and following a spell on loan at Stockport County he joined Torquay United. From there Ward had signed first for Chesterfield and then Sheffield United before joining Derby County in 2011 and later Nottingham Forest in 2015. Qualifying through his grandfather, he plays for the Northern Ireland national team.Jamie John Ward (born 12 May 1986) is an English-born Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a striker or a winger. Born in Birmingham he began his career with his home-town club Aston Villa but failed to break into the first team and following a spell on loan at Stockport County he joined Torquay United. From there Ward had signed first for Chesterfield and then Sheffield United before joining Derby County in 2011 and later Nottingham Forest in 2015. Qualifying through his grandfather, he plays for the Northern Ireland national team.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did Jamie Ward's team secure a victory in the FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 442175,
"question": "Jamie Ward >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Nottingham Forest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 56873,
"question": "when did #1 win the fa cup",
"answer": "1898 and 1959",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1898 and 1959 | [] | true | When did the team that Jamie Ward is a member of win the FA Cup? |
3hop1__857_846_7702 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "ness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person'sNanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, \"Southern Capital\") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means \"Southern Capital\" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similarThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–127",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240,During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a trib",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What does the name of the city signify, where the Yongle Emperor met the recipient of the directive? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 7702,
"question": "What does #2 mean?",
"answer": "\"Southern Capital\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | "Southern Capital" | [
"Nanjing",
"Nankin",
"Nanking"
] | true | What is the meaning of the name of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
4hop1__146971_698949_157828_162309 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Petar Trifunović",
"paragraph_text": " championship, and won in 1945, 1946, 1947 (shared with Svetozar Gligorić), 1952, and 1961. The young Trifunovic was also an excellent scholar, obtaining a law degree in 1933, followed by a doctorate.\nHe had a reputation as an attacking player in the 1930s, when he was known as 'Typhoonovic'. Later, he concentrated more on positional play and defensive technique, his style becoming less adventurous but difficult to refute. As a result, he drew many games. For example, his drawn match with Miguel Najdorf at Opatija 1949 included ten drawn games (+1 −1 =10), and at Leipzig in 1965 he drew all 15 of his games.\nHis international tournament successes included: Zlín 1945 (first), Prague 1946 (tied for second after Najdorf), Lima 1950 (first), Cheltenham 1951 (tied for second after Gligorić), Belgrade 1954 (third after Bronstein and Matanović, but ahead of Gligorić and Petrosian). At Netanya 1961 he tied for first with Matulović and Czerniak. At Prague 1961 and Beverwijk 1962 he came outright first and at Sarajevo, also in 1962, third after Gligorić and Portisch. Trifunović tied for first with 10 players at the 1962 Oklahoma City Open after drawing with Ken Smith and drawing with Bob Potter, a little-known expert from Dallas. At Noordwijk in Dr. Petar Trifunović (31 August 1910, Dubrovnik – 8 December 1980, Belgrade) was an International Grandmaster and five-times Yugoslav Champion of chess.PetDr. Petar Trifunović (31 August 1910, Dubrovnik – 8 December 1980, Belgrade) was an International Grandmaster and five-times Yugoslav Champion of chess. Yugoslav champion.\n\n\n== Chess career ==\nYugoslavia was for many years the world's second strongest chess nation. Trifunovic came third in the first Yugoslav championship (1935), second in the next championship, and won in 1945, 1946, 1947 (shared with Svetozar Gligorić), 1952, and 1961. The young Trifunovic was also an excellent scholar, obtaining a law degree in 1933, followed by a doctorate.\nHe had a reputation as an attacking player in the 1930s, when he was known as 'Typhoonovic'. Later, he concentrated more on positional play and defensive technique, his style becoming less adventurous but difficult to refute. As a result, he drew many games. For example, his drawn match with Miguel Najdorf at Opatija 1949 included ten drawn games (+1 −1 =10), and at Leipzig in 1965 he drew all 15 of his games.\nHis international tournament successes included: Zlín 1945 (first), Prague 1946 (tied for second after Najdorf), Lima 1950 (first), Cheltenham 1951 (tied for second after Gligorić), Belgrade 1954 (third after Bronstein and Matanović, but ahead of Gligorić and Petrosian). At Netanya 1961 he tied for first with Matulović and Czerniak. At Prague 1961 and Beverwijk 1962 he came outright",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Yugoslavia at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": " Zagreb in 1919 (recognized by the IOC in 1920), before moving to Belgrade in 1927, and it took the place of the Serbian Olympic Committee in the Association of National Olympic Committees. During the dissolution of Yugoslavia, several new committees were formed in the break-away countries. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, participated at the Games since 1996. At the 1996 and 2000 Games, the nation was designated with the same code, Yugoslavia (YUG), as the defunct SFRY. It was rechartered as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 with there being no territorial changes. The Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) designation and code were used at the 2004 Games.\n\n\n== Hosted Games ==\nYugoslavia has hosted the Games on one occasion.\n\n\n== Medal tables ==\n\n*Red border colour indicates the games were held on home soil.\n*Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\n\n\n== List of medalists ==\n\n\n=== Summer Olympics ===\n\nAs Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\n\nAs Independent Olympic Participants\n\n\n=== Winter Olympics ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of flag bearers for Yugoslavia at the Olympics\nCategory:Olympic competitors for Yugoslavia\nYugoslavia at the Paralympics\nList of Yugoslav Olympic medalists\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Olympic Results\". International Olympic Committee.\n\"Yugoslavia\". OlympediaFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics. and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992 to 2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)\nTwo of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Serbian language",
"paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia,Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, andSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Belgrade (film)",
"paragraph_text": " BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. Belgrade served as capital of the Serbian Despotate during the reign of Stefan Lazarević, and then his successor Đurađ Branković returned it to the Hungarian king in 1427. Noon bells in support of the Hungarian army against the Ottoman Empire during the siege in 1456 have remained a widespread church tradition to this day. In 1521, Belgrade was conquered by the Ottomans and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.\nFollowing the Serbian Revolution, Belgrade was once again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 191Belgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014. and the third most populous city on the Danube river.\nBelgrade is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe and the world. One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the nation, whose secondary official language matches the one used in the film about the city in which Petar Trifunović passed away, dispatch its own team to the Olympic Games? | [
{
"id": 146971,
"question": "What city did Petar Trifunović live when he died?",
"answer": "Belgrade",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 698949,
"question": "#1 >> original language of film or TV show",
"answer": "Serbian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 157828,
"question": "#2 is the co-official language of what country?",
"answer": "Kosovo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 162309,
"question": "When did #3 first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?",
"answer": "2016",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 2016 | [] | true | When did the country that has the same co-official language as that of the movie about the city where Petar Trifunović died send an independent team to the Olympics? |
2hop__197470_271394 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Dana MacDuff",
"paragraph_text": " prominent roles on television such as Trey MacDougal on Sex and the City (2000–2002), Orson Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006–2012), The Captain on HowHe and his older brother, Brandon R. MacDuff (born 1954), a 1972 graduate of Blair High School, have formed Oakdale Pictures, a production company in Reno.Kyle Merritt MacLachlan (; né McLachlan, February 22, 1959) is an American actor best known for his Emmy nominated and Golden Globe winning role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks (1990–1991;He was born in Pasadena, California, to the actor Tyler MacDuff and the former Beverlie May Anderson (born 1930), who divorced in 1961. He is named for his father's close friend, the actor Dana Andrews. He graduated in 1974 from Blair International Baccalaureate School in Pasadena. Like his father, Dana MacDuff served in the United States Navy, having been on active duty from 1974–1977. He then worked as a page at the American Broadcasting Company. After working in features for a time, he accepted a position as a floor and stage manager with the BBC in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He returned to Hollywood in 1995 to produce films. Twin Peaks (1990–1991; 2017) and its film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He is also known for his roles in another two of Twin Peaks co-creator David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in Dune (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden (1987), Ray Manzarek in The Doors (1991), Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones (1994), Zack Carey in Showgirls (1995) and Riley's father in the Inside Out film series (2015, 2024).\nMacLachlan has had prominent roles on television such as Trey MacDougal on Sex and the City (2000–2002), Orson Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006–2012), The Captain on How",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Dana MacDuff",
"paragraph_text": " Twin Peaks co-creator David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in Dune (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden (1987), Ray Manzarek in The Doors (1991), Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones (1994), Zack Carey in Showgirls (1995) and Riley's father in the Inside Out film series (2015, 2024).\nMacLachlan has had prominent roles on television such as Trey MacDougal on Sex and the City (2000–2002), Orson Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006–2012), The Captain on HowHe and his older brother, Brandon R. MacDuff (born 1954), a 1972 graduate of Blair High School, have formed Oakdale Pictures, a production company in Reno.KHe and his older brother, Brandon R. MacDuff (born 1954), a 1972 graduate of Blair High School, have formed Oakdale Pictures, a production company in Reno. Twin Peaks (1990–1991; 2017) and its film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He is also known for his roles in another two of Twin Peaks co-creator David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in Dune (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden (1987), Ray Manzarek in The Doors (1991), Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones (1994), Zack Carey in Showgirls (1995) and Riley's father in the Inside Out film series (2015, 2024).\nMacLachlan has had prominent roles on television such as Trey MacDougal on Sex and the City (2000–2002), Orson Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006–2012), The Captain on HowHe and his older brother, Brandon R. MacDuff (born 1954), a 1972 graduate of Blair High School, have formed Oakdale Pictures, a production company in Reno.Kyle Merritt MacLachlan (; né McLachlan, February 22, 1959) is an American actor best known for his Emmy nominated and Golden Globe winning role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks (1990–1991; 2017) and its film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He is also known for his roles in another two of Twin Peaks co-creator David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in Dune (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden (1987), Ray Manzarek in The Doors (1991), Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones (1994), Zack Carey in Showgirls (1995) and Riley's father in the Inside Out film series (2015, 2024).\nMacLachlan has had prominent roles on television such as Trey MacDougal on Sex and the City (2000–2002), Orson Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006–2012), The Captain on How I Met Your Mother (2010–2014) and How I Met Your Father (2022), the Mayor of Portland on Portlandia (2011–2018), Calvin Johnson on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014–2015), and Hank MacLean on Fallout (2024–present).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nMacLachlan was born Kyle McLachlan (subsequently changing the spelling of his last name to reflect his Scottish heritage) at Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital in Yakima, Washington. His mother, Catherine (née Stone; 1934–1986), was a public relations director for a school district and a homemaker who was active in community arts programs. His father, Kent Alan McLachlan (1933–2011), was a stockbroker and lawyer. Kyle has Scottish ancestry. He grew up in Yakima, the eldest of three boys. His two younger brothers, Craig and Kent Jr., live in the Seattle area. MacLachlan graduated from Eisenhower High School in Yakima. His mother left his father when he was 17, and his parents divorced in his senior year of high school.\nMacLachlan was introduced to stage acting by his mother when she became director of a youth theater program for teenagers that she helped set up in Yakima. She also sent him to piano lessons from the age of 9 to 14, when he also began to study classical singing. While in high school, he performed in plays and in class musicals, acting in his first play at age 15. In his senior year, he had the lead role of Brindsley Miller in a production of Peter Shaffer's one-act play Black Comedy, and performed as Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady. In 1982, he graduated cum laude with a BFA in drama from the University of Washington (UW) as a student of the Professional Actor Training Program. He initially planned to major in business and also studied classical voice at UW, but changed his focus to acting.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== 1980s ===\nThe first film MacLachlan worked on was The Changeling (1980), part of which was shot on the University of Washington campus. He was paid $10 as an extra.\nIn the summer of 1981, after his sophomore year at college, he played the lead in three roles at the Old Lyric Repertory Theatre in Logan, Utah and the following summer with the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, Oregon.\nMacLachlan made his film debut in Dune (1984) in the starring role of Paul Atreides. While still in college, MacLachlan was appearing in Molière's Tartuffe in a Seattle-area theater. A casting agent for Dune producer Dino de Laurentiis was looking for a young actor to star in the film, and multiple people recommended MacLachlan. After several screen tests, he hit it off with director David Lynch, aided by their common Pacific Northwest backgrounds, and succeeded in winning the part.\nAfter Dune flopped and met with poor reviews from critics, MacLachlan found it difficult to find work. He moved to Los Angeles in 1985, and auditioned for several films, including Top Gun, but failed to win any roles, eventually dropping his agent, Creative Artists Agency.\nFinally, Lynch cast MacLachlan in the starring role of Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986), which was received more positively. Reflecting on his enduring relationship with Lynch in a 2012 interview, MacLachlan remarked: \"David Lynch plucked me from obscurity. He cast me as the lead in Dune and Blue Velvet, and people have seen me as this boy-next-door-cooking-up-something-weird-in-the-basement ever since.\" Lynch biographer Chris Rodley described MacLachlan as an on-screen incarnation of Lynch's own persona.\nHe starred in the 1987 science fiction action film The Hidden as FBI agent Lloyd Gallagher.\n\n\n=== 1990s ===\n\nMacLachlan further collaborated with Lynch in the ABC television series Twin Peaks (1990–91), playing Special Agent Dale Cooper, reprising that role for Lynch's 1992 prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. Lynch commented on those roles in a GQ story about MacLachlan: \"Kyle plays innocents who are interested in the mysteries of life. He's the person you trust enough to go into a strange world with.\" MacLachlan also said he considered Lynch one of his mentors that had a \"monumental impact\" on him. Lynch, who is known to allow his collaborative partners a large degree of control over their roles when working with him, rewrote scenes in Blue Velvet and Twin Peaks at the request of MacLachlan, who felt they were not right for his characters.\n\nMacLachlan appeared as musician Ray Manzarek in Oliver Stone's 1991 film The Doors, about the band of the same name. He had previously turned down Stone's offer to play Chris in the 1986 movie Platoon, which ultimately went to Charlie Sheen. In the 199",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Where did Tyler MacDuff's offspring receive their education? | [
{
"id": 197470,
"question": "Tyler MacDuff >> child",
"answer": "Dana MacDuff",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 271394,
"question": "#1 >> educated at",
"answer": "Blair High School",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Blair High School | [] | true | Where was Tyler MacDuff's child educated? |
2hop__813461_31270 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": "The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.9 when this territory was still considered part of North Carolina. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville as part of Tennessee seceded during the American Civil War; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to be taken by Union forces. It was occupied through the war.\nAfter the war, the city gradually reclaimed its stature. It became a center of trade and developed a manufacturing base.\nSince 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the state's three divisions.\nAs of",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Mark Day (racing driver)",
"paragraph_text": " mechanical issues.\n\n\n=== Busch Series ===\nDay made his debut in 1997, running five races for his family's 31-W Insulation team. He made his debut in the inaugural race at Texas, starting 37th. A mid-race wreck claimed his car and gave him a finish of 36th. It did not get much better for Day. He best finish on the year would end up being 31st at Talladega and had only a best start of 36th at Bristol. Simply put, it was not Day's dream season.\nDay would scale down to one race for 1998 and forMark Day (born September 21, 1961 in Clarksville, Tennessee) is a former NASCAR driver, racing for a number of years in NASCAR's higher division. In addition, his family currently owns the #05 31-W Racing Chevy in the Busch Series. That team races in that series on a part-time basis and full-time in the ARCA RE/MAX Series.MarkMark Day (born September 21, 1961 in Clarksville, Tennessee) is a former NASCAR driver, racing for a number of years in NASCAR's higher division. In addition, his family currently owns the #05 31-W Racing Chevy in the Busch Series. That team races in that series on a part-time basis and full-time in the ARCA RE/MAX Series.9 to 2011.\n\n\n== Racing career ==\n\n\n=== Craftsman Truck Series ===\nDay only made one career start in NASCAR's Truck Series, which came at Nashville Speedway USA (now known as the Nashville Fairgounds Speedway) in the No. 50 R&Z Motorsports truck. He started 23rd, but only managed 31st in the 34-car field after mechanical issues.\n\n\n=== Busch Series ===\nDay made his debut in 1997, running five races for his family's 31-W Insulation team. He made his debut in the inaugural race at Texas, starting 37th. A mid-race wreck claimed his car and gave him a finish of 36th. It did not get much better for Day. He best finish on the year would end up being 31st at Talladega and had only a best start of 36th at Bristol. Simply put, it was not Day's dream season.\nDay would scale down to one race for 1998 and forMark Day (born September 21, 1961 in Clarksville, Tennessee) is a former NASCAR driver, racing for a number of years in NASCAR's higher division. In addition, his family currently owns the #05 31-W Racing Chevy in the Busch Series. That team races in that series on a part-time basis and full-time in the ARCA RE/MAX Series.Mark Day (born September 21, 1961) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, racing for a number of years in NASCAR's Busch and Southeast Series, as well as the ARCA Re/Max Series. In addition, his family used to own Day Enterprise Racing, which fielded entries in the Busch Series and ARCA Re/Max Series from 1989 to 2011.\n\n\n== Racing career ==\n\n\n=== Craftsman Truck Series ===\nDay only made one career start in NASCAR's Truck Series, which came at Nashville Speedway USA (now known as the Nashville Fairgounds Speedway) in the No. 50 R&Z Motorsports truck. He started 23rd, but only managed 31st in the 34-car field after mechanical issues.\n\n\n=== Busch Series ===\nDay made his debut in 1997, running five races for his family's 31-W Insulation team. He made his debut in the inaugural race at Texas, starting 37th. A mid-race wreck claimed his car and gave him a finish of 36th. It did not get much better for Day. He best finish on the year would end up being 31st at Talladega and had only a best start of 36th at Bristol. Simply put, it was not Day's dream season.\nDay would scale down to one race for 1998 and for the rest of the years of his career, for that matter. He started 40th and finished 36th at Pikes Peak. He only competed fifty laps due to engine failure.\nDay's one start in 1999 turned out to be just as poor. After starting 34th in the August Bristol race, Day managed 41st after a crash early in the event.\nAnother crash sideline Day in his 2000 start. He started 24th at Nashville, and this would turn out to be his best career start. He only finished 40th, however, due to a major late-race crash.\nDay closed out his Busch career in 2001, finishing it with two consecutive starts. He did not finish either, but ironically, Day had his best career finish in that. After a 36th finish at Texas, Day was crashed out early of the inaugural event at Nashville Superspeedway. However, it turned up to be a 31st-place finish and his best career showing.\nAfter an 8-year hiatus from NASCAR's second-tier division, Day returned to the now-NASCAR Nationwide Series for a one-race deal in October 2009 at Memphis Motorsports Park for the Kroger On Track For The Cure 250. This was the final NASCAR Nationwide race for the Memphis Motorsports Park after announcing that the track will cease operations at the end of the year. Driving for Wayne Day in the #05 31-W Insulation Chevy on a two-race deal. Day ended the 1st Practice Session 30th out of 50 cars entered. By the Final Practice Session Day was 19th out of the 48 cars left. Day easily made the show qualifying the #05 31-W Insulation Chevy solidly in the top 10 with a career high 9th place starting position. However the race did not end so high for Day. After 86 laps, Day pulled the #05 31-W Insulation Chevy into the garage due to overheating issues and he finished 33rd, but this could have been a start and park effort.\n\n\n=== Late model racing ===\nDay won the 2006 Late Model Championship, and several races in the Late Model Division at Music City Motorplex in Nashville, Tennessee. In conjunction with the Music City Motorplex (Fairgrounds Speedway) and its sponsor, Dollar General started Operation Big Chance during the 2006 race season for a chance to race in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series race in Martinsville, Virginia, in the #2 Kevin Harvick Incorporated (KHI) Chevy Silverado in the 2007 season. Day was the Dollar General Operation Big Chance winner after being the track champion with the most points at the end of the year between all late model and super truck series drivers. After being announced the Operation Big Chance winner, KHI offered Day a chance to qualify at Martinsville Truck Series race in 2007, but Day declined due to prior engagements with his late model series team. The next in line for the chance was second place Willie Allen but Allen had just signed to drive the #13 Chevy Silverado for ThorSport for the full 2007 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series season. MCM and Dollar General finally announced Daniel Pope the Dollar General Operation Big Chance winner and made his debut at Mansfield Motorsports Park.\nDay has since been a part of a Souther Superstar Series which travels around to a handful of tracks around the Southern United States. He has won 4 of the 5 championships that he has been eligible to win, and lost the 2014 Title because of a wreck he was involved in with 2 laps to go in a race where he would have clinched the Championship.\n\n\n=== Controversy ===\nIn 2002, Day had a friend enter a car in a NASCAR-sanctioned late model race at Nashville Speedway USA for the sole purpose of finishing behind rival Deborah Renshaw so that he could file a protest (per NASCAR rules). Track promoter Dennis Glau had contacted NASCAR, who instructed him to disallow the protest. Her father and team owner Dan Renshaw, however, felt there was nothing to lose and allowed officials to search the engine. Unfortunately",
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] | What is the distance in miles from Nashville to Mark Day's birthplace in Tennessee? | [
{
"id": 813461,
"question": "Mark Day >> place of birth",
"answer": "Clarksville",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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{
"id": 31270,
"question": "What distance in miles is #1 , TN from Nashville?",
"answer": "45",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
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] | 45 | [] | true | How many miles are there between Nashville and the place in Tennessee where Mark Day was born? |
3hop1__389069_132457_51423 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": "Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Sleep Is the Enemy",
"paragraph_text": " female lead, grossing $13 million on its opening weekend surpassing the previous record held by Aliens, which grossed $10 million in its first weekend.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nLaura Burney has a seemingly idyllic life and perfect marriage to Martin, a successful Boston investment counselor. Beneath Martin's charming,Sleep Is The Enemy is the third studio album by Canadian rock band Danko Jones. The album was released on February 17, 2006 in Europe and February 21 in Canada. The album was released in the US on May 23. \"She's Drugs\" was featured in the Swedish vampire film \"Frostbiten\". \"Baby Hates Me\" served as the theme song for WWE Backlash.SleepSleep Is The Enemy is the third studio album by Canadian rock band Danko Jones. The album was released on February 17, 2006 in Europe and February 21 in Canada. The album was released in the US on May 23. \"She's Drugs\" was featured in the Swedish vampire film \"Frostbiten\". \"Baby Hates Me\" served as the theme song for WWE Backlash. peaceful new life interrupted when he discovers her actions and tracks her down. \nSleeping with the Enemy was released theatrically on February 8, 1991. It received generally negative reviews from the critics, but it was a box-office success, grossing $175 million on a production budget of $19 million. The film also broke the record at the time for the highest domestic opening for a film with a female lead, grossing $13 million on its opening weekend surpassing the previous record held by Aliens, which grossed $10 million in its first weekend.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nLaura Burney has a seemingly idyllic life and perfect marriage to Martin, a successful Boston investment counselor. Beneath Martin's charming,Sleep Is The Enemy is the third studio album by Canadian rock band Danko Jones. The album was released on February 17, 2006 in Europe and February 21 in Canada. The album was released in the US on May 23. \"She's Drugs\" was featured in the Swedish vampire film \"Frostbiten\". \"Baby Hates Me\" served as the theme song for WWE Backlash.Sleeping with the Enemy is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben and starring Julia Roberts, Patrick Bergin, and Kevin Anderson. The film is based on Nancy Price's 1987 novel of the same name. Roberts plays a woman who fakes her own death and moves from Cape Cod to Cedar Falls, Iowa to escape from her controlling, obsessive, and abusive husband, but finds her peaceful new life interrupted when he discovers her actions and tracks her down. \nSleeping with the Enemy was released theatrically on February 8, 1991. It received generally negative reviews from the critics, but it was a box-office success, grossing $175 million on a production budget of $19 million. The film also broke the record at the time for the highest domestic opening for a film with a female lead, grossing $13 million on its opening weekend surpassing the previous record held by Aliens, which grossed $10 million in its first weekend.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nLaura Burney has a seemingly idyllic life and perfect marriage to Martin, a successful Boston investment counselor. Beneath Martin's charming, handsome exterior, however, is an obsessive and controlling person who has physically, emotionally, and sexually abused Laura throughout their nearly four-year marriage. Then, in a recurring pattern, he apologetically showers her with flowers and gifts.\nMartin accepts the invitation of their neighbor, a doctor, for an evening sail, despite knowing that Laura fears water and cannot swim. As a severe storm unexpectedly rolls in, Martin and the doctor struggle to control the vessel. Laura is swept overboard. After an extensive Coast Guard search, Laura is presumed dead from drowning and Martin is inconsolable.\nLaura is revealed to actually be alive. After secretly learning to swim, she planned to fake her own death to escape Martin's abuse. During the storm, she",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_text": "aniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==DanielDanko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows.Danko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC'",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the name of the castle located in the city where the band that produced 'Sleep is the Enemy' was created? | [
{
"id": 389069,
"question": "Sleep Is the Enemy >> performer",
"answer": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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{
"id": 132457,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the city where the performer of Sleep is the Enemy was formed? |
2hop__702496_430061 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Southwest City, Missouri",
"paragraph_text": " south the highway becomes Arkansas Highway 43, leading 27 miles (43 km) to Siloam Springs. Missouri Route 90 leads east from Southwest City 8 miles (13 km) to Noel and 21 miles (34 km) to Jane.\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, Southwest City has a total area of 1.49 square miles (3.86 km2), of which 1.46 square miles (3.78 km2) are land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2), or 1.55%, are water. Honey Creek runs through the city, flowing northwest to the Neosho River within the Lake o' the Cherokees in Oklahoma.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2010 census ===\nAs of the census of 2010, there were 970 people, 319 households, and 225 families living in the city. The population density was 664.4 inhabitants per square mile (256.5/km2). There were 373 housing units at an average density of 255.5 per square mile (98.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 57.5%Southwest City is a city in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. It is part of the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of Missouri.SouthSouthwest City is a city in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. It is part of the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of Missouri..\n\n\n== Geography ==\nSouthwest City is bordered to the west by the state of Oklahoma, and the Arkansas state line is 1��3 mile (0.5 km) south of the city limits. Missouri Route 43 passes through the city as Main Street, leading north 13 miles (21 km) to Tiff City. To the south the highway becomes Arkansas Highway 43, leading 27 miles (43 km) to Siloam Springs. Missouri Route 90 leads east from Southwest City 8 miles (13 km) to Noel and 21 miles (34 km) to Jane.\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, Southwest City has a total area of 1.49 square miles (3.86 km2), of which 1.46 square miles (3.78 km2) are land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2), or 1.55%, are water. Honey Creek runs through the city, flowing northwest to the Neosho River within the Lake o' the Cherokees in Oklahoma.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2010 census ===\nAs of the census of 2010, there were 970 people, 319 households, and 225 families living in the city. The population density was 664.4 inhabitants per square mile (256.5/km2). There were 373 housing units at an average density of 255.5 per square mile (98.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 57.5%Southwest City is a city in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. It is part of the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of Missouri.Southwest City is a city in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 922 at the 202",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tim DuBois",
"paragraph_text": "im DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels,Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.TTim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels,Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.Tim DuBois (born May ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county did Tim Dubois first see the light of day? | [
{
"id": 702496,
"question": "Tim DuBois >> place of birth",
"answer": "Southwest City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 430061,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "McDonald County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | McDonald County | [
"McDonald County, Missouri"
] | true | What county was Tim Dubois born in? |
2hop__64175_90973 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"paragraph_text": " ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s and 1950s radio commercials. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.\nMacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, including news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt and Dr. Hartman. He is the only cast member to be in every episode.\n\n\n=== Alex Borstein ===\nAlex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original season), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied \"Make it a little less fucking annoying ... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.\"\n\n\n=== Seth Green ===\nSeth Green primarily plays Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman. Green stated that he did an impression of the \"Buffalo Bill\" character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition. His main inspiration for Chris' voice came from envisioning how \"Buffalo Bill\" would sound if he were speaking through a public address system at a McDonald's.\n\n\n=== Mila Kunis ===\nMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after the auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as \"the scapegoat\". She further explained, \"Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14-year-old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what-not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.\"\n\n\n=== Mike Henry ===\nMike Henry is the voice of Cleveland Brown, John Herbert “The Pervert”, Bruce, Consuela, and various other characters. A Family Guy writer and producer, he began acting on the show as part of the recurring cast repertory (see below) but was promoted to main cast member in 2005. Since the cancellation of The Cleveland Show, he also voices Cleveland's step-son Rallo Tubbs on Family Guy. On June 26, 2020, after twenty years of voicing the character, Mike Henry announced on Twitter that he was stepping down from voicing Cleveland, stating \"persons of color should play characters of color.\" On September 25, 2020, it was announced that Arif Zahir would take over as theMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.'' voice actors, in portraying the various character personalities on the show, draw inspiration from celebrities and pop culture. Family Guy characters have been played by more than one actor, after members of the show left the series or had conflicting obligations.\nKunis was nominated for an Annie Award for voicing Meg Griffin in the season 5 episode \"Barely Legal\" and MacFarlane has also won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production, though no other cast member has won an award for their work on the series.\n\n\n== Current cast ==\n\nFrom seasons 1 to 4, Family Guy had four main cast members. Since season 5, there have been five main cast members. The casting of Meg Griffin changed after season 1.\n\n\n=== Seth MacFarlane ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s and 1950s radio commercials. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.\nMacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, including news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt and Dr. Hartman. He is the only cast member to be in every episode.\n\n\n=== Alex Borstein ===\nAlex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Meg Griffin",
"paragraph_text": " Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer on radio at age 19, appearing on San Francisco Sketchbook, a nationally syndicated program based at KFRC. He was overweight as an adolescent and a young man, which disappointed some radio fans when they saw him in person. Griffin wrote years later in his autobiography that there was a deliberate effort to keep the public from finding out how he looked. He resolved to change his appearance and lost 80 pounds in four months.\nFreddy Martin heard Griffin on the radio show and asked him to tour with his orchestra, which he did for four years.\nBy 1945, Griffin had earned enough money to form his own record label, Panda Records, which produced Songs by Merv Griffin, the first U.S. album ever recorded on magnetic tape. In 1947, Griffin had a 15-minute weekday singing program on KFRC in San Francisco.\nGriffin became increasingly popular with nightclub audiences, and his fame soared among the general public with his 1950 hit \"I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts\". The song reached the #1 spot on the Hit Parade and sold three million copies.\nAt one of his nightclub performances, Griffin was discovered by Doris Day. She arranged for a screen test at the Warner Bros. Studios for a role in By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953). Griffin did not get the part, but the screen test led to supporting roles in other musical films such as So This Is Love (also 1953), which caused a minor controversy when Griffin shared an open-mouthed kiss with Kathryn Grayson. The kiss was a first in Hollywood film history since the introduction of the Production Code in 1934. He also had an uncredited role as a radio announcer in the horror/science fiction film The Beast from 20Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American to Mervyn Edward Griffin Sr., a stockbroker, and Rita Elizabeth Griffin (née Robinson), a homemaker. He had an older sister named Barbara. As a child, Griffin used to play Hangman games with his sister during family road trips. It was these games which inspired him to create the game show Wheel of Fortune in 1975. The family was Irish American. Raised as a Catholic, Griffin started singing in his church choir as a boy, and by his teens was earning extra money as a church organist. His abilities as a pianist played a part in his early entry into show business.\nGriffin attended San Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who provided the primary vocal work for the character portrayed by Mila Kunis in Family Guy? | [
{
"id": 64175,
"question": "who does mila kunis play on family guy",
"answer": "Meg Griffin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 90973,
"question": "who did the original voice of #1",
"answer": "Lacey Chabert",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Lacey Chabert | [] | true | Who did the original voice of the character Mila Kunis plays on Family Guy? |
2hop__398344_54166 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Steven the Sword Fighter",
"paragraph_text": " The episode was viewed by 1.098 million viewers, becoming the thirty-sixth most watched episode aired by the network for the week of April 7 to April 13, 2014.\nThe episode shows Pearl attempting to teach Steven the art of sword-fighting using Holo-Pearl, a holographic version of herself. However, during the lessons, Pearl gets injured and retreats into her gem to heal and make a new body to project.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nWhile Steven (Zach Callison), Garnet (Estelle), Amethyst (Michaela Dietz) and Pearl (Deedee Magno Hall) are watching the fictional Japanese movie Lonely Blade, Pearl critiques the film's sword fighting techniques and offers to give Steven a proper demonstration. At her arena, Pearl summons \"Holo-Pearl\", a holographic version of herself to spar with. After Pearl wins a sparring match with Holo-Pearl, she begins to show Steven the basics of sword-fighting. However, Pearl's lessons bore Steven, making him clamor for Pearl to teach him the signature move from the Lonely Blade movie, much to Pearl's chagrin. While Pearl is distracted talking to Steven, Holo-Pearl impales Pearl with her sword, which causes Pearl to lose her physical form, leaving nothing but her gemstone. Although Steven is distraught, Garnet and Amethyst assure him that Pearl has simply retreated into her gem and will return, projecting a new body, once she has healed.\nTwo weeks pass, and Pearl is still healing inside her gem. Steven decides to use Holo-Pearl as a replacement for the real Pearl. However, Holo-Pearl only knows how to sword fight, seeing everything as a potential opponent. Garnet and Amethyst urge Steven to stop using it and wait for the real Pearl to come back. After Holo-Pearl cuts down the real Pearl's favorite tree, Steven becomes infuriated and tries to drive Holo-Pearl away.\nLater that night, Holo-Pearl continues to ask Steven to be challenged in combat, though he repeatedly refuses. But when she destroys the television, Steven becomes fed up and fights back against Holo-Pearl, accidentally activating her \"advanced\" mode. After an intense fight, Steven is able to destroy Holo-Pearl permanently. Garnet and Amethyst hear the commotion and come to check on Steven; and while he is explaining what he has learned, Pearl finally regenerates with a new outfit and faces the mess left from what recently happened, while Steven happily parades around celebrating her return.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe episode was written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu. Ki-Yong Bae, Seon-Jae Lee and Seo Whan Kim provided animation direction, Elle Michalka served as art director, and Ian Jones-Quartey provided supervising direction. A sneak peek of the episode was shared on io9 on April 7, 2014, with Johnston first announcing the episode on the series' production blog the following day, shortly after the series' new Wednesday time slot was promoted on April 2. In addition, several promotional pieces were published by him, Rebecca Sugar and color stylist Tiffany Ford, encouraging followers to watch. A panel from the storyboard was also promoted,\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\". It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu.\"Steven\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\". It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu. the United States, the episode originally aired on Cartoon Network on April 9, 2014, the first new episode to air on the series' new Wednesday time slot. The episode was viewed by 1.098 million viewers, becoming the thirty-sixth most watched episode aired by the network for the week of April 7 to April 13, 2014.\nThe episode shows Pearl attempting to teach Steven the art of sword-fighting using Holo-Pearl, a holographic version of herself. However, during the lessons, Pearl gets injured and retreats into her gem to heal and make a new body to project.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nWhile Steven (Zach Callison), Garnet (Estelle), Amethyst (Michaela Dietz) and Pearl (Deedee Magno Hall) are watching the fictional Japanese movie Lonely Blade, Pearl critiques the film's sword fighting techniques and offers to give Steven a proper demonstration. At her arena, Pearl summons \"Holo-Pearl\", a holographic version of herself to spar with. After Pearl wins a sparring match with Holo-Pearl, she begins to show Steven the basics of sword-fighting. However, Pearl's lessons bore Steven, making him clamor for Pearl to teach him the signature move from the Lonely Blade movie, much to Pearl's chagrin. While Pearl is distracted talking to Steven, Holo-Pearl impales Pearl with her sword, which causes Pearl to lose her physical form, leaving nothing but her gemstone. Although Steven is distraught, Garnet and Amethyst assure him that Pearl has simply retreated into her gem and will return, projecting a new body, once she has healed.\nTwo weeks pass, and Pearl is still healing inside her gem. Steven decides to use Holo-Pearl as",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Steven Universe: Save the Light",
"paragraph_text": ", and cited the increased gameplay complexity compared to Attack the Light! as a reason for the switch to consoles. The game was announced at PAX East in March 2017. A port of the game to PC and Mac, by Finite Reflection Studios, was announced in July 2018, and confirmed to release on Steam in August 2018. The developers later teased another big announcement related to the game, eventually revealed to be a Nintendo Switch port, and a physical release of the game bundled with Capybara Games' OK K.O.! Let's Play Heroes for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Switch was released in May 2019 by Outright Games.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nUpon release, Save the Light received mostly positive reviews. Polygon and Destructoid both praised the game's art direction, battle system, and connection to the series, but criticized the amount of bugs and glitches found at launch.\n\n\n== References ==Steven Universe: Save the LightSave the Light features seven playable characters from the series, Steven, Garnet, Amethyst, Pearl, Connie, Greg and Peridot, with an eighth character to be added in a future content update; four characters can be equipped to a party at a time. The game has a ``blend of real - time and turn - based combat '', and more of a focus on exploration and puzzle - solving more than its predecessor. Players are able to explore Beach City and surrounding areas, and engage in battles with enemies. During battle, the players' actions, which include attacking and defending, will build up the star meter which allows the characters to pull off more powerful moves. A new feature allows characters to build up a relationship - based meter during battles and dialogue interactions; when filled, characters are able to fuse, such as Steven and Connie into Stevonnie.StSave the Light features seven playable characters from the series, Steven, Garnet, Amethyst, Pearl, Connie, Greg and Peridot, with an eighth character to be added in a future content update; four characters can be equipped to a party at a time. The game has a ``blend of real - time and turn - based combat '', and more of a focus on exploration and puzzle - solving more than its predecessor. Players are able to explore Beach City and surrounding areas, and engage in battles with enemies. During battle, the players' actions, which include attacking and defending, will build up the star meter which allows the characters to pull off more powerful moves. A new feature allows characters to build up a relationship - based meter during battles and dialogue interactions; when filled, characters are able to fuse, such as Steven and Connie into Stevonnie.Save the Light features seven playable characters from the series, Steven, Garnet, Amethyst, Pearl, Connie, Greg and Peridot, with four characters being equipped to a party at a time. The game has a \"blend of real-time and turn-based combat\", and more of a focus on exploration and puzzle-solving than its predecessor. Players are able to explore Beach City and surrounding areas, and engage in battles with enemies. During battle, the players' actions, which include attacking and defending, will build up the star meter, which allows the characters to pull off more powerful moves. A new feature allows characters to build up a relationship-based meter during battles and dialogue interactions; when filled, certain characters are able to fuse, such as Steven and Connie into Stevonnie.\n\n\n== Development ==\nGrumpyface Studios collaborated on the story with series creator Rebecca Sugar, and cited the increased gameplay complexity compared to Attack the Light! as a reason for the switch to consoles. The game was announced at PAX East in March 2017. A port of the game to PC and Mac, by Finite Reflection Studios, was announced in July 2018, and confirmed to release on Steam in August 2018. The developers later teased another big announcement related to the game, eventually revealed to be a Nintendo Switch port, and a physical release of the game bundled with Capybara Games' OK K.O.! Let's Play Heroes for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Switch was released in May 2019 by Outright Games.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nUpon release, Save the Light received mostly positive reviews. Polygon and Destructoid both praised the game's art direction, battle system, and connection to the series, but criticized the amount of bugs and glitches found at launch.\n\n\n== References ==Steven Universe: Save the LightSave the Light features seven playable characters from the series, Steven, Garnet, Amethyst, Pearl, Connie, Greg and Peridot, with an eighth character to be added in a future content update; four characters can be equipped to a party at a time. The game has a ``blend of real - time and turn - based combat '', and more of a focus on exploration and puzzle - solving more than its predecessor. Players are able to explore Beach City and surrounding areas, and engage in battles with enemies. During battle, the players' actions, which include attacking and defending, will build up the star meter which allows the characters to pull off more powerful moves. A new feature allows characters to build up a relationship - based meter during battles and dialogue interactions; when filled, characters are able to fuse, such as Steven and Connie into Stevonnie.Steven Universe: Save the Light is an action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Grumpyface Studios and published by Cartoon Network Games. Based on the television series Steven Universe, it is a sequel to the 2015 mobile game Steven Universe: Attack the Light, and is set before Steven Universe: Unleash the Light. It was released digitally on October 31, 2017 for PlayStation 4, on November 3, 2017 for Xbox One, and on August 13, 2018 for macOS and Windows; and released physically on October 30, 2018 for Nintendo",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | How many participants are allowed to play in the game shown in the series that includes Steven the Sword Fighter? | [
{
"id": 398344,
"question": "Steven the Sword Fighter >> part of the series",
"answer": "Steven Universe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 54166,
"question": "#1 save the light how many players",
"answer": "seven",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | seven | [] | true | Who many players can play in the game based on the show that Steven the Sword Fighter is part of? |
2hop__839126_472799 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Cadore 33",
"paragraph_text": " the disc as a nod to the Beatles' Abbey Road. \nThe album was preceded by the single \"Si Te Vas,\" which was released Monday, September 30, 2013 and reached No. 21 in Spain. A music video, in which Dalma portrays the leader of a band of thieves, premiered Monday, October 21, 2013. The album also features a Catalan-language version of the song, for which Dalma wrote the lyrics.\nUpon its first week in release, Cadore 33 topped the official album chart released by Productores de Música de España. Excluding compilations, this was Dalma's fifth consecutive album to reach No. 1 on the national chart. It was preceded by Via Dalma II (2011), Via Dalma (2010), Trece (2010) and A Buena Hora (2008).\nReleased simultaneously with the album was a special edition that came in an oversized box and featured a 2014 calendar.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Si Te Vas\"\n\"Tú Mi Bella\"\n\"Recuerdo Crónico\"\n\"Volar Sin Tí\"\n\"Eres Oro\"\n\"Contigo En El Camino\"\n\"La Aceleración\"\n\"Y Tú Qué Sabes\"\n\"Un Preso En Tus Labios\"\n\"Si Fueras Mía\"\n\"Hay Vidas\"\n\"Si Te'n Vas (Catalán)\"\nDiez mil vidas\" - Only Digital iTunes\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Popular Spanish singer Sergio Dalma followed 2011's four-times platinum Via Dalma II with Cadore 33. Unlike Dalma's previous two albums, which consisted of Spanish-language covers of Italian songs, this marked his return to performing original material.\nThe disc reunited the singer with producer Claudio Guidetti, who produced both 2010's Via Dalma and Via Dalma II. The title refers to the address of the studio in Milan, Italy, where the disc was recorded. Dalma has said he titled the disc as a nod to the Beatles' Abbey Road. \nThe album was preceded by the single \"Si Te Vas,\" which was released Monday, September 30, 2013 and reached No. 21 in Spain. A music video, in which Dalma portrays the leader of a band of thieves, premiered Monday, October 21, 2013. The album also features a Catalan-language version of the song, for which Dalma wrote the lyrics.\nUpon its first week in release, Cadore 33 topped the official album chart released by Productores de Música de España. Excluding compilations, this was Dalma's fifth consecutive album to reach No. 1 on the national chart. It was preceded by Via Dalma II (2011), Via Dalma (2010), Trece (2010) and A Buena Hora (2008).\nReleased simultaneously with the album was a special edition that came in an oversized box and featured a 2014 calendar.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Si Te Vas\"\n\"Tú Mi Bella\"\n\"Recuerdo Crónico\"\n\"Volar Sin Tí\"\n\"Eres Oro\"\n\"Contigo En El Camino\"\n\"La Aceleración\"\n\"Y Tú Qué Sabes\"\n\"Un Preso En Tus Labios\"\n\"Si Fueras Mía\"\n\"Hay Vidas\"\n\"Si Te'n Vas (Catalán)\"\nDiez mil vidas\" - Only Digital iTunes\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Popular Spanish singer Sergio Dalma followed 2011's four-times platinum Via Dalma II with Cadore 33. Unlike Dalma's previous twoPopular Spanish singer Sergio Dalma followed 2011's four-times platinum \"Via Dalma II\" with \"Cadore 33.\" Unlike Dalma's previous two albums, which consisted of Spanish-language covers of Italian songs, this marked his return to performing original material.PopPopular Spanish singer Sergio Dalma followed 2011's four-times platinum \"Via Dalma II\" with \"Cadore 33.\" Unlike Dalma's previous two albums, which consisted of Spanish-language covers of Italian songs, this marked his return to performing original material. disc reunited the singer with producer Claudio Guidetti, who produced both 2010's Via Dalma and Via Dalma II. The title refers to the address of the studio in Milan, Italy, where the disc was recorded. Dalma has said he titled the disc as a nod to the Beatles' Abbey Road. \nThe album was preceded by the single \"Si Te Vas,\" which was released Monday, September 30, 2013 and reached No. 21 in Spain. A music video, in which Dalma portrays the leader of a band of thieves, premiered Monday, October 21, 2013. The album also features a Catalan-language version of the song, for which Dalma wrote the lyrics.\nUpon its first week in release, Cadore 33 topped the official album chart released by Productores de Música de España. Excluding compilations, this was Dalma's fifth consecutive album to reach No. 1 on the national chart. It was preceded by Via Dalma II (2011), Via Dalma (2010), Trece (2010) and A Buena Hora (2008).\nReleased simultaneously with the album was a special edition that came in an oversized box and featured a 2014 calendar.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Si Te Vas\"\n\"Tú Mi Bella\"\n\"Recuerdo Crónico\"\n\"Volar Sin Tí\"\n\"Eres Oro\"\n\"Contigo En El Camino\"\n\"La Aceleración\"\n\"Y Tú Qué Sabes\"\n\"Un Preso En Tus Labios\"\n\"Si Fueras Mía\"\n\"Hay Vidas\"\n\"Si Te'n Vas (Catalán)\"\nDiez mil vidas\" - Only Digital iTunes\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Popular Spanish singer Sergio Dalma followed 2011's four-times platinum Via Dalma II with Cadore 33. Unlike Dalma's previous two albums, which consisted of Spanish-language covers of Italian songs, this marked his return to performing original material.\nThe disc reunited the singer with producer Claudio Guidetti, who produced both 2010's Via Dalma and Via Dalma II. The title refers to the address of the studio in Milan, Italy, where the disc was recorded. Dalma has said he titled the disc as a nod to the Beatles' Abbey Road. \nThe album was preceded by the single \"Si Te Vas,\" which was released Monday, September 30, 2013 and reached No. 21 in Spain. A music video, in which Dalma portrays the leader of a band of thieves, premiered Monday, October 21, 2013. The album also features a Catalan-language version of the song, for which Dalma wrote the lyrics.\nUpon its first week in release, Cadore 33 topped the official album chart released by Productores de Música de España. Excluding compilations, this was Dalma's fifth consecutive album to reach No. 1 on the national chart. It was preceded by Via Dalma II (2011), Via Dalma (2010), Trece (2010) and A Buena Hora (200",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991",
"paragraph_text": "Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, ItalySpain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 199",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which contest did the artist who performed Cadore 33 take part? | [
{
"id": 839126,
"question": "Cadore 33 >> performer",
"answer": "Sergio Dalma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 472799,
"question": "#1 >> participant in",
"answer": "Eurovision Song Contest 1991",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Eurovision Song Contest 1991 | [] | true | Which competition did the performer of Cadore 33 participated? |
4hop1__105688_17130_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. The capital and largest city is Riyadh; other major cities include Jeddah and the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. With a population of almost 32.2 million, Saudi Arabia is the fourth most populous country in the Arab world.\nPre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern-day Saudi Arabia, has some of the earliest traces of human activity outside Africa. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.\nThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by King Abdulaziz (also known as Ibn Saud), who united the regions of Hejaz, Najd, parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and South Arabia ('Asir) into a single state through a series of conquests, beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy governed by an authoritarian regime without public input. In its Basic Law,The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast,The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1] who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has",
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},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Eyal Golan",
"paragraph_text": "yal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal GolanEyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the territory, situated directly above the region that the homeland of Eyal Golan is part of, formed? | [
{
"id": 105688,
"question": "Which was the country for Eyal Golan?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 17130,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Middle East",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | The country that Eyal Golan is from lies within a certain region. When was the area that lies immediately to the north of that region established? |
4hop1__199362_378185_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .\n\n\n== Public",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WAPL",
"paragraph_text": " when an FM antenna was installed on the existing WAPL (AM) tower in Menasha. The initial power was around 20,000 watts at an antenna height of 160 feet. The station's format was beautiful music.\nIn 1965, WAPL-FM was upgraded to a 50,000-watt signal at 200 feet with a new tower on The Zuelke Building in downtown Appleton.\nBy 1977, having gone through a number of ownership and format changes, WAPL-FM changed its call letters to WCXR and briefly became a Christian station. This change lasted only eight months before changing format again, this time to album rock. Shortly thereafter, the station's call letters reverted to WAPL-FM. The on-air line up included Laura Morgan, Dan Adams and program director Steve Brown.\n\n\n== The Rockin' Apple ==\n\nIn 1978, WAPL AM and FM were offered for sale. WAPL-FM was purchased by Woodward Communications, Inc., of Dubuque, Iowa. Woodward already owned an AM station, WHBY, in the Appleton market. A strategy was developed to include the newly purchased station in the already planned new facility forWAPL (105.7 FM) is a classic rock formatted radio station licensed to Appleton, Wisconsin, that serves the Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh areas. The station is owned by Woodward Communications, and has studios on College Avenue in Appleton, with transmitting facilities located near the WGBA Tower west of unincorporated Shirley in the Town of Glenmore in southeastern Brown County.WWAPL (105.7 FM) is a classic rock formatted radio station licensed to Appleton, Wisconsin, that serves the Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh areas. The station is owned by Woodward Communications, and has studios on College Avenue in Appleton, with transmitting facilities located near the WGBA Tower west of unincorporated Shirley in the Town of Glenmore in southeastern Brown County.== Beginnings ==\nWAPL radio made its on-air debut in 1952, operating on a frequency of 1570 AM under the ownership of the Bartell family. It was the third AM station in the market, but the first to serve the younger audience with rock and roll music.\nWAPL-FM, operating on a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the capital city of the county neighboring the one in which WAPL holds a broadcast license? | [
{
"id": 199362,
"question": "WAPL >> licensed to broadcast to",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 378185,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the capital of the county that shares a border with the county where WAPL is licensed to broadcast? |
2hop__75169_92673 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "North Pole",
"paragraph_text": " North Pole). However, Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small \"wobbles\" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work.\nThe geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined andThe North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on Earth and lies antipodally on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole, at a distance of 20,004 km (12,430 miles) in all directions. It is one of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface.\nSituated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of which is defined based on Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is the center of the Southern Hemisphere.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nFor most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small \"wobbles\" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work.\nThe geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When a longitude isThe North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere.–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of which is defined based on Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is the center of the Southern Hemisphere.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nFor most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where Earth's",
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},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Prime meridian",
"paragraph_text": ". This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into two hemispheres: the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere (for an east-west notational system). For Earth's prime meridian, various conventions have been used or advocated in different regionsOn Earth, starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through:AOn Earth, starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through:. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into two hemispheres: the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere (for an east-west notational system). For Earth's prime meridian, various conventions have been used or advocated in different regionsOn Earth, starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through:A prime meridian is an arbitrarily-chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into two hemispheres: the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere (for an east-west notational system). For Earth's prime meridian, various conventions have been used or advocated in different regions throughout history. Earth's current international standard prime meridian is the IERS Reference Meridian. It is derived, but differs slightly, from the Greenwich Meridian, the previous standard.\n\nA prime meridian for a planetary body not tidally locked (or at least not in synchronous rotation) is entirely arbitrary, unlike an equator, which is determined by the axis of rotation. However, for celestial objects that are tidally locked (more specifically, synchronous), their prime meridians are determined by the face always inward of the orbit (a planet facing its star, or a moon facing its planet), just as equators are determined by rotation.\nLongitudes for the Earth and Moon are measured from their prime meridian (at 0°) to 180° east and west. For all other Solar System bodies, longitude is measured from 0° (their prime meridian) to 360°. West longitudes are used if the rotation of the body is prograde (or 'direct', like Earth), meaning that its direction of rotation is the same as that of its orbit. East longitudes are used if the rotation is retrograde.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe notion of longitude for Greeks was developed by the Greek Eratosthenes (c. 276 – 195 BCE) in Alexandria, and Hipparchus (c. 190 – 120 BCE) in Rhodes, and applied to a large number of cities by the geographer Strabo (64/63 BCE – c. 24 CE). But it was Ptolemy (c. 90 – 168 CE) who first used a consistent meridian for a world map in his Geographia.\nPtolemy used as his basis the \"Fortunate Isles\", a group of islands in the Atlantic, which are usually associated with the Canary Islands (13° to 18°W), although his maps correspond more closely to the Cape Verde islands (22° to 25° W). The main point is to be comfortably west of the western tip of Africa (17.5° W) as negative numbers were not yet in use. His prime meridian corresponds to 18° 40' west of Winchester (about 20°W) today. At that time the chief method of determining longitude was by using the reported times of lunar eclipses in different countries.\nOne of the earliest known descriptions of standard time in India appeared in the 4th century CE astronomical treatise Surya Siddhanta. Postulating a spherical Earth, the book described the thousands years",
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}
] | On the global map, where does the longitude system commence its meridian? | [
{
"id": 75169,
"question": "where is the starting meridian for the longitude system",
"answer": "North Pole",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 92673,
"question": "where is #1 on the world map",
"answer": "latitude 90 ° North",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | latitude 90 ° North | [] | true | Where is the starting meridian for the longitude system on the world map? |
3hop1__446612_160545_34754 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang KhunBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": ", while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\n\n=== Names of the war ===\nIn Allied countries during the war, the \"Pacific War\" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.\nJapan used the name Greater East Asia War (大��������, Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事��, Nisshi Jihen) into the Greater East Asia War. DuringThe official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands. the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines, the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong, and invaded Thailand.\nThe Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter aided by Thailand and to a lesser extent by the Axis powers, Germany and Italy. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an island hopping strategy. The Allies adopted a Europe first stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ercole Manfredi",
"paragraph_text": " the age of sixteen, he was admitted into the Albertina Academy of Fine Arts, where during his studies he received a first prize in architecture, design, perspective and painting. He received a diploma in 1907 and subsequently attended the Higher Course in ArchitectureHe made significant career progress through the court of King Vajiravudh, but left government office to work privately as the country was going through political change which abolished absolute monarchy and decreased government employment of foreigners. However, by adopting a Thai identity and way of life, marrying a Thai woman and settling down permanently, Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept.EHe made significant career progress through the court of King Vajiravudh, but left government office to work privately as the country was going through political change which abolished absolute monarchy and decreased government employment of foreigners. However, by adopting a Thai identity and way of life, marrying a Thai woman and settling down permanently, Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept. Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nErcole Pietro Manfredi was born on 2 July 1883 in Turin, Italy to Luigi Manfredi and Caterina Bo. He attended the Lagrange Royal Technical School starting in 1894 and the San Carlo Technical School from 1898 to 1899. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted into the Albertina Academy of Fine Arts, where during his studies he received a first prize in architecture, design, perspective and painting. He received a diploma in 1907 and subsequently attended the Higher Course in ArchitectureHe made significant career progress through the court of King Vajiravudh, but left government office to work privately as the country was going through political change which abolished absolute monarchy and decreased government employment of foreigners. However, by adopting a Thai identity and way of life, marrying a Thai woman and settling down permanently, Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept.Ercole Pietro Manfredi (2 July 1883 – 9 June 1973) was an Italian architect who lived and worked in early twentieth-century Siam (now Thailand). Born in Turin, Italy, he attended the Albertina Academy of Fine Arts before travelling to Bangkok, where he was one of many Westerners employed by the Siamese government.\nHe made significant career progress through the court of King Vajiravudh, but left government office to work privately as the country was going through political change which abolished absolute monarchy and decreased government employment of foreigners. However, by adopting a Thai identity and way of life, marrying a Thai woman and settling down permanently, Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nErcole Pietro Manfredi was born on 2 July 1883 in Turin, Italy to Luigi Manfredi and Caterina Bo. He attended the Lagrange Royal Technical School starting in 1894 and the San Carlo Technical School from 1898 to 1899. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted into the Albertina Academy of Fine Arts, where during his studies he received a first prize in architecture, design, perspective and painting. He received a diploma in 1907 and subsequently attended the Higher Course in Architecture. During this time he also worked for Turin",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the United States' perspective on the reasons why the nation where Ercole Manfredi passed away assisted Japan? | [
{
"id": 446612,
"question": "Ercole Manfredi >> place of death",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 34754,
"question": "What does the U.S. believe caused #2 to help Japan?",
"answer": "blackmail",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | blackmail | [
"Blackmail"
] | true | What does the US believe caused the country where Ercole Manfredi died to help Japan? |
3hop2__304722_747004_63959 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "George Hollis (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "ailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entBorn in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.Born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all seniorBorn in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.ailed his frequent absenceBorn in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, Hollis deputised as Small Heath's goalkeeper for England international Chris Charsley, an amateur whose career in the Birmingham City Police entailed his frequent absence from footballing duties. He made 49 appearances in all senior competitions, including 17 in Small Heath's last season in the Football Alliance and 31 in their first two seasons in the Football League. In 1894, Hollis's amateur status was reinstated and he joined Bournbrook F.C., retiring from the game in 1897.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": "The Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked upDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division for a two year stint.\nSecond Division Small Heath F.C. took part in the 1900–01 FA Cup, losing in the third round to First division Aston Villa after a replay, Villa's Billy Garraty being the sole scorer over the two fixtures. That season Small Heath finished runners-up in Second Division, so were promoted to the First Division for 1901–02. Villa won 2–0 at Coventry Road Muntz Street with goals by Jack Devey and Joe Bache. In the 1901 Boxing Day fixture, Villa's Jasper McLuckie was the only scorer. At the end of the season Birmingham were relegated back to the Second Division. \nBirmingham were promoted to the First Division in 1903–04 and Second City derbies were played up to 1907–08 when they were relegated. The teams would not meet again in top flight competition until fifteen years later when Birmingham were again promoted to the first division for 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season. Villa would be demoted the following campaign. The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory. The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson. The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions. Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup. The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0.\n\n\n=== The Premier League Era ===\nFollowing the creation of the Premier League, Aston Villa and Birmingham City met twice in the second round of the 1993–94 League Cup. Villa won both matches 1–0. The game at St Andrew's was settled by a Kevin Richardson goal after his",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did George Hollis's squad last secure a victory over the team that won the FA Cup in the 1894-95 season? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 747004,
"question": "George Hollis >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time George Hollis's team beat the 1894-95 FA Cup winner? |
4hop1__88342_75218_128008_89859 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": " into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members. According to Forbes, the Yankees are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the world, after the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, with an estimated value in 2023 of approximately $7.1 billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The team's rivalry with the Boston Red Sox is one of the most well-known rivalries in North American sportsThe New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"paragraph_text": " also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotationThe 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The Postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship.\nThe 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of the Washington Nationals. The American League won, 8–6, in 10 innings.\nThis was also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": " issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player inMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what \"most valuable\" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.\nIn 1944, the award was named after Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the first Commissioner of Baseball, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. Formally named the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, that naming appeared on a plaque given to winning players. Starting in 2020, Landis' name no longer appears on the MVP plaque after the BBWAA received complaints from",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to a high of fifteen in 1887 (Detroit beat St. Louis ten games to five). Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game.\nThe series was promoted and referred to as \"The Championship of the United States\", \"World's Championship Series\", or \"World's Series\" for short.\nIn his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed.\nThe 19th-century competitions are, however, not officially recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball, as it considers 19th-century baseballIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / LosIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When does the standard season commence in the league that hosts the team with the highest quantity of played games, within the competition where the MLB MVP prize is awarded post-event? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 75218,
"question": "who played in the most #1 games",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 89859,
"question": "when does #3 start the regular season",
"answer": "March 29, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | March 29, 2018 | [] | true | When does regular season start in the league where a team has played the most games in the competition where they give out the MLB MVP award after? |
2hop__60001_512508 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_text": "ir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.\nChadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counterDuring the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.\nChadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when World War I broke out in Europe, he spent the next",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Atomic number",
"paragraph_text": " the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in daltons (making a quantity called the \"relative isotAll consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei.The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used to uniquely identify ordinary chemical elements. In an ordinary uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.\nFor an ordinary atom which contains protons, neutrons and electrons, the sum of the atomic number Z and the neutron number N gives the atom's atomic mass number A. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes) and the mass defect of the nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in daltons (making a quantity called the \"relative isotopic mass\"), is within 1% of the whole number A.\nAtoms with the same atomic number but different neutron numbers, and hence different mass numbers, are known as isotopes. A little more than three-quarters of naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes (see monoisotopic elements), and the average isotopic mass of an isotopic mixture for an element (called the relative atomic mass) in a defined environment on Earth determines the element's standard atomic weight. Historically, it was these atomic weights of elements (in comparison to hydrogen) that were the quantities measurable by chemists in the 19th century.\nThe conventional symbol Z comes from the German word Zahl 'number', which,All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei. also equal to the number of electrons.\nFor an ordinary atom which contains protons, neutrons and electrons, the sum of the atomic number Z and the neutron number N gives the atom's atomic mass number A. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes) and the mass defect of the nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in daltons (making a quantity called the \"relative isotAll consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei.The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used to uniquely identify ordinary chemical elements. In an ordinary uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.\nFor an ordinary atom which contains protons, neutrons and electrons, the sum of the atomic number Z and the neutron number N gives the atom's atomic mass number A. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes) and the mass defect of the nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in daltons (making a quantity called the \"relative isotopic mass\"), is within 1% of the whole number A.\nAtoms with the same atomic number but different neutron numbers, and hence different mass numbers, are known as isotopes. A little more than three-quarters of naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes (see monoisotopic elements), and the average isotopic mass of an isotopic mixture for an element (called the relative atomic mass) in a defined environment on Earth determines the element's standard atomic weight. Historically, it was these atomic weights of elements (in comparison to hydrogen) that were the quantities measurable by chemists in the 19th century.\nThe conventional symbol Z comes from the German word Zahl 'number', which, before the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table, whose order was then approximately, but not completely, consistent with the order of the elements by atomic weights. Only after 1915, with the suggestion and evidence that this Z number was also the nuclear charge and a physical characteristic of atoms, did the word Atomzahl (and its English equivalent atomic number) come into common use in this context.\nThe rules above do not always apply to exotic atoms which contain short-lived elementary particles other than protons, neutrons and electrons.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== The periodic table and a natural number for each element ===\n\nLoosely speaking, the existence or construction of a periodic table of elements creates an ordering of the elements, and so they can be numbered in order.\nDmitri Mendeleev said that he arranged his first periodic tables (first published on March 6, 1869) in order of atomic weight (\"Atomgewicht\"). However, in consideration of the elements' observed chemical properties, he changed the order slightly and placed tellurium (atomic weight 127.6) ahead of iodine (atomic weight 126.9). This placement is consistent with the modern practice of ordering the elements by proton number, Z, but that number was not known or suspected at the time.\n\nA simple numbering based on periodic table position was never entirely satisfactory. In addition to the case of iodine and tellurium, several other pairs of elements (such as argon and potassium, cobalt and nickel) were later shown to have nearly identical or reversed atomic weights, thus requiring their placement in the periodic table to be determined by their chemical properties. However the gradual identification of more and more chemically similar lanthanide elements, whose atomic number was not obvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onward (hafnium was not known at this time).\n\n\n=== The Rutherford-Bohr model and van den Broek ===\nIn 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central nucleus held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms. This central charge would thus be approximately half the atomic weight (though it was almost 25% different from the atomic number of gold (Z = 79, A = 197), the single element from which Rutherford made his guess). Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 (but was element Z = 79 on the periodic table), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom were exactly equal to its place in the periodic table (also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized Z). This eventually proved to be the case.\n\n\n=== Moseley's 1913 experiment ===\n\nThe experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913. Moseley, after discussions with Bohr who was at the same lab (and who had used Van den Broek's hypothesis in his Bohr model of the atom), decided to test Van den Broek's and Bohr's hypothesis directly, by seeing if spectral lines emitted from excited atoms fitted the Bohr theory's postulation that the frequency of the spectral lines be proportional to the square of Z.\nTo do this, Moseley measured the wavelengths of the innermost photon transitions (K and L lines) produced by the elements from aluminium (Z = 13) to gold (Z = 79) used as a series of movable anodic targets inside an x-ray tube. The square root of the frequency of these photons (x-rays) increased from one target to the next in an arithmetic progression. This led to the conclusion (Moseley's law) that the atomic number does closely correspond (with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i.e. the element number Z. Among other things, Moseley demonstrated that the lanthanide series (from lanthanum to lutetium inclusive) must have 15 members—no fewer and no more—which was far from obvious from known chemistry at that time.\n\n\n=== Missing elements ===\nAfter Moseley's death in 1915, the atomic numbers of all known elements from hydrogen to uranium (Z = 92) were examined by his method. There were seven elements (with Z < 92) which were not found and therefore identified as still undiscovered, corresponding to atomic numbers 43, 61, 72, 75, 85, 87 and ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What activities did the individual who determined that every atom of a specific element contains an equal number of protons engage in? | [
{
"id": 60001,
"question": "who discovered that all atoms of an element have the same number of protons",
"answer": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 512508,
"question": "#1 >> participant in",
"answer": "Manhattan Project",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Manhattan Project | [] | true | What did the person who discovered that all atoms of an element have the same number of protons participate in? |
2hop__22885_36240 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Immaculate Conception",
"paragraph_text": " yet immaculate and incorrupt – that is to say, not subject to original sin. Holweck adds that Ephrem the Syrian said she was as innocent as Eve before the Fall.\nAmbrose asserted Mary's incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to grace and immunity from sin. Severus, Bishop of Antioch, concurred affirming Mary's purity and immaculateness. John Damascene extended the supernatural influence of God to Mary's parents, suggesting they were purified by the Holy Spirit during her generation. According to Damascene,The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind.\"ewahedo Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church accept it. \n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Anne, mother of Mary, and original sin ===\n\nAnne, the mother of Mary, first appears in the 2nd-century apocryphal Gospel of James, and the author created his story by drawing on Greek tales of the childhood of heroes and on the Old Testament story of Hannah (hence the name Anna/Anne), the mother of the biblical Samuel. Anne and her husband, Joachim, are infertile, but God hears their prayers and Mary is conceived. According to Stephen J. Shoemaker, within the Gospel of James, the conception occurs without sexual intercourse between Anne and Joachim, which fits well with the Gospel of James' persistent emphasis on Mary's sacred purity, but the story does not advance the idea of an immaculate conception. The author of the Gospel of James may have based this account of Mary's conception on that of John the Baptist as recounted in the Gospel of Luke. The Eastern Orthodox Church holds that \"Mary is conceived by her parents as we are all conceived\".\n\n\n=== Church Fathers ===\nAccording to church historian Frederick Holweck, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Cyril of Jerusalem developed the idea of Mary as the New Eve, drawing comparison to Eve, while yet immaculate and incorrupt – that is to say, not subject to original sin. Holweck adds that Ephrem the Syrian said she was as innocent as Eve before the Fall.\nAmbrose asserted Mary's incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to grace and immunity from sin. Severus, Bishop of Antioch, concurred affirming Mary's purity and immaculateness. John Damascene extended the supernatural influence of God to Mary's parents, suggesting they were purified by the Holy Spirit during her generation. According to Damascene, even the material of Mary's origin was deemed pure and holy. This perspective, which emphasized an immaculate active generation and the sanctity of the conceptio carnis, found resonance among some Western authors. Notably, the Greek Fathers did not explicitly discuss the Immaculate Conception.\n\n\n=== Medieval formulation ===\n\nBy the 4th century the idea that Mary was free from sin was generally more widespread, but original sin raised the question of whether she was also free of the sin passed down from Adam. The question became acute when the feast of her conception began to be celebrated in England in the 11th century, and the opponents of the feast of Mary's conception brought forth the objection that as sexual intercourse is sinful, to celebrate Mary's conception was to celebrate a sinful event. The feast of Mary's conception originated in the Eastern Church in the 7th century, reached England in the 11th, and from there spread to Europe, where it was given official approval in 1477 and extended toThe papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind.\"The Immaculate Conception is the belief that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception. It is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Debated by medieval theologians, it was not defined as a dogma until 1854, by Pope Pius IX in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus. While the Immaculate Conception asserts Mary's freedom from original sin",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Literature",
"paragraph_text": " writing, and poetically as \"the craft of writing\" (or simply \"the craft\"). Syd Field described his discipline, screenwriting, as \"a craft that occasionally rises to the level of art.\"\nDevelopments in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, which now include electronic literature.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nDefinitions of literature have varied over time. In Western Europe, prior to the 18th century, literature denoted all books and writing. It can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, for instance, include, in addition to canonical works, popular and minority genres. The word is also used in reference to non-written works: to \"oral literature\" and \"the literature of preliterate culture\".\nA value judgment definition of literature considers it as consisting solely of high quality writing that forms part of the belles-lettres (\"fine writing\") tradition. An example of this is in the 1910–1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which classified literature as \"the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing\".\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Oral literature ===\n\nThe use of the term \"literature\" here poses some issues due to its origins in the Latin littera, \"letter,\" essentially writing. Alternatives such as \"oral forms\" and \"oral genres\" have been suggested, but the word literature is widely used.\nAustralian Aboriginal culture has thrived on oral traditions and oral histories passed down through tens of thousands of years.\nIn a study published in February 2020, new evidence showed that both Budj Bim and Tower Hill volcanoes erupted between 34,000 and 40,000 years ago. Significantly, this is a \"minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria\", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the oral histories of the Gunditjmara people, an Aboriginal Australian people of south-western Victoria, which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence. An axe found underneath volcanic ash in 1947 had already proven that humans inhabited the region before the eruption of Tower Hill.\nOral literature is an ancient human tradition found in \"all corners of the world.\" Modern archaeology has been unveiling evidence of the human efforts to preserve and transmit arts and knowledge that depended completely or partially on an oral tradition, across various cultures:\n\nThe Judeo-Christian Bible reveals its oral traditional roots; medieval European manuscripts are penned by performing scribes; geometric vases from archaic Greece mirror Homer's oral style. (...) Indeed, if these final decades of the millennium have taught us anything, it must be that oral tradition never was the other we accused it of being; it never was the primitive, preliminary technology of communication we thought it to be. Rather, if the whole truth is told, oral tradition stands out as the single most dominant communicative technology of our species as both a historical fact and, in many areas still, a contemporary reality.\nThe earliest poetry is believed to have been recited or sung, employed as a way of remembering history, genealogy, and law.\nIn Asia, the transmission of folklore, mythologies as well as scriptures in ancient India, in different Indian religions, was by oral tradition, preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques.\nThe early Buddhist texts are also generally believed to be of oral tradition, with the first by comparing inconsistencies in the transmitted versions of literature from various oral societies such as the Greek, Serbia and other cultures, then noting that the Vedic literature is too consistent and vast to have been composed and transmitted orally across generations, without being written down. According to Goody, the Vedic texts likely involved both a written and oral tradition, calling it a \"parallel products of a literate society\".\nAll ancient Greek literature was to some degree oral in nature, and the earliest literature was completely so. Homer's epic poetry, states Michael Gagarin, was largely composed, performed and transmitted orally. As folklores and legends were performed in front of distant audiences, the singers would substitute the names in the stories with local characters or rulers to give the stories a local flavor and thus connect with the audience by making the historicity embedded in the oral tradition as unreliable. The lack of surviving texts about the Greek and Roman religious traditions have led scholars to presume that these were ritualistic and transmitted as oral traditions, but some scholars disagree that the complex rituals in the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were an exclusive product of an oral tradition.\nWriting systems are not known to have existed among Native North Americans (north of Mesoamerica) before contact with Europeans. Oral storytelling traditions flourished in a context without the use of writing to record and preserve history, scientific knowledge, and socialLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean., such as biography, diaries, memoirs, letters, and essays. Within its broad definition, literature includes non-fictional books, articles, or other written information on a particular subject.\nEtymologically, the term derives from Latin literatura/litteratura, \"learning, writing, grammar,\" originally \"writing formed with letters,\" from litera/littera, \"letter.\" In spite of this, the term has also been applied to spoken or sung texts. Literature is often referred to synecdochically as \"writing,\" especially creative writing, and poetically as \"the craft of writing\" (or simply \"the craft\"). Syd Field described his discipline, screenwriting, as \"a craft that occasionally rises to the level of art.\"\nDevelopments in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, which now include electronic literature.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nDefinitions of literature have varied over time. In Western Europe, prior to the 18th century, literature denoted all books and writing. It can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, for instance, include, in addition to canonical works, popular and minority genres. The word is also used in reference to non-written works: to \"oral literature\" and \"the literature of preliterate culture\".\nA value judgment definition of literature considers it as consisting solely of high quality writing that forms part of the belles-lettres (\"fine writing\") tradition. An example of this is in the 1910–1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which classified literature as \"the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing\".\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Oral literature ===\n\nThe use of the term \"literature\" here poses some issues due to its origins in the Latin littera, \"letter,\" essentially writing. Altern",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which aspect of the holy text, which could be broadly categorized as part of legal literature, is Mary's document referring to? | [
{
"id": 22885,
"question": "What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?",
"answer": "the Bible",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 36240,
"question": "What specific part the #1 does this document reference for Mary ?",
"answer": "Genesis 3:15",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Genesis 3:15 | [] | true | What specific part of the religious scripture that can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature does this document reference for Mary? |
2hop__434218_29898 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "CBC Television",
"paragraph_text": " Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada, respectively.\nAlthough some local stations in Canada predate its founding, the CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936. The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language CBC Radio One and CBC Music, and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique (international radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language CBC Television and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Télé, along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel (partial ownership), and Ici ARTV. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North, and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.\nCBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight indigenous languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, Radio Canada International (RCI). However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters, including communities not subject to Canada's over-the-air digital television transition.\nThe CBC's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, the CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique, introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn 1929, the Aird Commission on public broadcasting recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the growing influence of American radio broadcasting as U.S.-based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, Canadian National Railways was making a radio network to keep its passengers entertained and give it an advantage over its rival, CP. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC. Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the Canadian Radio League. In 1932 the government of R. B. Bennett established the CBC's predecessor, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC).\n\nThe CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the Canadian National Railway. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central and eastern Canada. On November 2, 1936, the CRBC was reorganized under its present name. While the CRBC was a state-owned company, the CBC was a Crown corporation on the model of the British Broadcasting Corporation, which had been reformed from a private company into a statutory corporation in 1927. Leonard Brockington was the CBC's first chairman.\nFor the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was in part because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster but the chief regulator of Canadian broadcasting. It used this dual role to snap up most of the clear-channel licences in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in December 1937. It introduced FM radio to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service was not launched until 1960.\nTelevision broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6, 1952, with the opening of a station in Montreal, Quebec (CBFT), and a station in Toronto, Ontario (CBLT) opening two days later. The CBC's first privately owned affiliate television station, CKSO in Sudbury, Ontario, launched in October 1953. At the time, all private stations were expected to affiliate with the CBC, a condition that relaxed in 1960–61 with the launch of CTV.\nFrom 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two services known as the Trans-Canada Network and the Dominion Network. The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, while the former became known as CBC Radio. (In the late 1990s, CBC Radio was rebranded as CBC Radio One and CBC Stereo as CBC Radio Two. The latter was rebranded slightly in 2007 as CBC Radio 2.)\n\nOn July 1, 1958, the CBC's television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBC's own The Forest Rangers in 1963. Colour television broadcasts commenced on July 1, 1966, and full-colour service began in 1974. In 1978, the CBC became the first broadcaster in the world to use an orbiting satellite for television service, linking Canada \"from east to west to north\". The mission of CBC is contributing to the \"moral economy of the nation\".\n\n\n=== Frontier Coverage Package ===\nStarting in 1967 and continuing until the mid-1970s, the CBC offered a \"Frontier Coverage Package\" of limited television service to remote northern communities. Low-power television transmitters carried a four-hour selection of black-and-white videotaped programs each day. The tapes were recorded in Calgary and flown into a community with a transmitter, put on the air, and then transported to another community, often by the \"bicycle\" method used in television syndication. Transportation delays ranged from one week for larger centres to almost a month for small communities.\n\nThe first stations were started in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories; Lynn Lake, Manitoba; and Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec, in 1967. Another station began operating in Whitehorse, Yukon in November 1968. Additional stations were added from 1969 to 1972.\nMost of the stations were reconfigured in 1973 to receive CBC Television programming from the Anik satellite in colour and live with the rest of Canada. Those serving the largest centres signed onPrivate CBC affiliates are not as common as they were in the past, as many such stations have been purchased either by the CBC itself or by Canwest Global or CHUM Limited, respectively becoming E! or A-Channel (later A, now CTV Two) stations. One private CBC affiliate, CHBC-TV in Kelowna, joined E! (then known as CH) on February 27, 2006. When a private CBC affiliate reaffiliates with another network, the CBC has normally added a retransmitter of its nearest O&O station to ensure that CBC service is continued. However, due to an agreement between CHBC and CFJC-TV in Kamloops, CFJC also disaffiliated from the CBC on February 27, 2006, but no retransmitters were installed in the licence area. Former private CBC affiliates CKPG-TV Prince George and CHAT-TV Medicine Hat disaffiliated on August 31, 2008 and joined E!, but the CBC announced it will not add new retransmitters to these areas. Incidentally, CFJC, CKPG and CHAT are all owned by an independent media company, Jim Pattison Group. With the closure of E! and other changes in the media landscape, several former CBC affiliates have since joined City or Global, or closed altogether.-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.\nCBCMost CBC television stations, including those in the major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are \"CB\" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is \"T\". Only the third letter varies from market to market; however, that letter is typically the same as the third letter of the CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 stations in the same market. An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with \"CF\" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Don Newman (broadcaster)",
"paragraph_text": "1976, he moved to CBC and remained in Washington until 1979. He served two years as the Edmonton correspondent before moving to the parliamentary bureau in 1981. From 1981 to 1993, he was the host of CBC’s This Week in Parliament. In 1989, he began to host the daily Capital Report on the new Newsworld channel.\nHe anchored major political events that affected Canadians on CBC Newsworld. Some of them include:\n\nCanadian federal elections\nLeadership conventions\nOpening of a new session of Parliament\nVisits by world leaders, notably, American presidents\nDuring George W. Bush's visit to Canada in 2004, Newman appeared on MSNBC\nElections in the United States, including U.S. presidential elections\nState of the Union addresses by American presidents\nState funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan\nDuring the coverage of the state funeral, Newman got expert help in the commentary from former ambassador Allan Gotlieb, Canadian ambassador to Washington in Reagan's day\nU.S. presidential inaugurations\nDuring major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.\nIn 1998During major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.able of the last word more slowly than the rest of the greeting. The phrase became the title of his memoir, published in 2013.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBorn in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Newman began his career at CTV where he served as the network’s Washington correspondent from 1972 until 1976. In 1976, he moved to CBC and remained in Washington until 1979. He served two years as the Edmonton correspondent before moving to the parliamentary bureau in 1981. From 1981 to 1993, he was the host of CBC’s This Week in Parliament. In 1989, he began to host the daily Capital Report on the new Newsworld channel.\nHe anchored major political events that affected Canadians on CBC Newsworld. Some of them include:\n\nCanadian federal elections\nLeadership conventions\nOpening of a new session of Parliament\nVisits by world leaders, notably, American presidents\nDuring George W. Bush's visit to Canada in 2004, Newman appeared on MSNBC\nElections in the United States, including U.S. presidential elections\nState of the Union addresses by American presidents\nState funeral of former U.S. president Ronald Reagan\nDuring the coverage of the state funeral, Newman got expert help in the commentary from former ambassador Allan Gotlieb, Canadian ambassador to Washington in Reagan's day\nU.S. presidential inaugurations\nDuring major political events in the United States, he anchored coverage of it from the Canadian Embassy in Washington. The only events he did not anchor from Washington were the State of the Union addresses and the state funeral of Reagan. He anchored coverage of both those events from the CBC Ottawa bureau, where his daily politics program is based.\nIn 1998, Newman became the first recipient of the Charles Lynch Award for his outstanding coverage of national issues. In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. On 14 September 2007, at a special convocation honoring the 40th Anniversary of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who departed from Don Newman's employing entity because of a contract with CHBC? | [
{
"id": 434218,
"question": "Don Newman >> employer",
"answer": "CBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 29898,
"question": "Which affiliate left #1 due to an agreement with CHBC?",
"answer": "CFJC-TV in Kamloops",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | CFJC-TV in Kamloops | [
"Kamloops"
] | true | Which affiliate left the employer of Don Newman due to an agreement with CHBC? |
2hop__44815_494136 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": " their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\nGwyneth Paltrow as Ginnie\nScott Wilson as Elliott\nGail Cronauer as Emma\nJohn Hawkes as Groom\n\n\n== Location ==\nPrincipal photography began on October 5, 1992 and completed on December 26, 1992.\nIt was filmed in Lockhart and Marfa, Texas, as well as at the Mustang Mott store owned by Maxine McCoy, in Westhoff, Texas.\nProducer Mark Rosenberg died of a heart attack suffered on the film's location in Stanton, Texas.\nAs the end credits begin, the film is dedicated to him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, Flesh and Bone holds a 70% approval rating from 27 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100 based on 21Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\"Flesh and Bone is a 1993 American neo noir mystery thriller film written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role, for which she received some praise.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA rural Texas family finds a mute boy in their front yard. They take the boy in, feed him, and put him to bed while they try to figure out what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finallyFlesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\" what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of",
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},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "A Dog's Purpose (film)",
"paragraph_text": " W. Bruce Cameron. The film stars Britt Robertson, KJ Apa, Juliet Rylance, John Ortiz, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, Peggy Lipton, Dennis Quaid, and Josh Gad. It covers themes of loyalty, grief, dysfunctional family, over a series of reincarnations.\nThe film is a co-production between Amblin Entertainment, Reliance Entertainment, Walden Media, and Pariah Entertainment Group. It was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 201Dennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult) KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery Bryce Gheisar as eight - year old Ethan MontgomeryDennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult) KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery Bryce Gheisar as eight - year old Ethan Montgomeryryn Michon, Audrey Wells, Maya Forbes, and Wally Wolodarsky, based on the 2010 novel of the same name by W. Bruce Cameron. The film stars Britt Robertson, KJ Apa, Juliet Rylance, John Ortiz, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, Peggy Lipton, Dennis Quaid, and Josh Gad. It covers themes of loyalty, grief, dysfunctional family, over a series of reincarnations.\nThe film is a co-production between Amblin Entertainment, Reliance Entertainment, Walden Media, and Pariah Entertainment Group. It was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 201Dennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult) KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery Bryce Gheisar as eight - year old Ethan MontgomeryA Dog's Purpose is a 2017 American adventure comedy drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and written by W. Bruce Cameron, Cathryn Michon, Audrey Wells, Maya Forbes, and Wally Wolodarsky, based on the 2010 novel of the same name by W. Bruce Cameron. The film stars Britt Robertson, KJ Apa, Juliet Rylance, John Ortiz, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, Peggy Lipton, Dennis Quaid, and Josh Gad. It covers themes of loyalty, grief, dysfunctional family, over a series of reincarnations.\nThe film is a co-production between Amblin Entertainment, Reliance Entertainment, Walden Media, and Pariah Entertainment Group. It was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 2017, and grossed $205 million worldwide, and received mixed reviews from critics. It was Peggy Lipton's final film role before her death in 2019.\nA sequel, titled A Dog's Journey, was released on May 17, 2019.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn the 1950s, a feral puppy wonders about life's true purpose. Weeks later, he is caught by dogcatchers, whisked away to the pound, and euthanized.\nThe dog is reborn as a Red Retriever in 1961. Leaving his cage at a puppy mill, he is taken by two garbage men, who plan to sell him. Left locked inside their pick-up truck, he begins to die of heatstroke, but is rescued by a kindhearted mother and her eight-year-old son, Ethan Montgomery. They break the truck's window and bring him home, naming him Bailey. Bailey and Ethan bond quickly, especially over the summer at Ethan's grandparents' farm, and Bailey decides Ethan alone is his purpose. Ethan gives him the nickname “Boss Dog”.\nYears pass, and after several attempts at advancing in his job fail, Ethan's father has become an alcoholic. In 1969, Ethan meets a girl named Hannah at a fair with Bailey, and they soon begin dating. They spend their summer together, happily, through senior year. They plan to go to the same college, Ethan getting a football scholarship and Hannah with an academic one. At home one night, Ethan's drunken father becomes abusive towards his mother and him. Ethan kicks him out.\nLater in 1971 at a football game watched by scouts, Ethan is offered a full scholarship to Michigan State University. That night, his vindictive classmate Todd throws a lit firecracker into Ethan's house, causing a house fire. Bailey alerts Ethan, who saves his mother out through an upstairs window. Ethan lowers her, then Bailey. However, he loses his rope and must jump, fracturing his leg and ending his athletic scholarship. Bailey attacks Todd, who is arrested by the police when firecrackers fall out of his pocket. Now, Ethan must go to an agricultural school, where he will learn to take over the farm. Depressed, Ethan breaks up with Hannah before leaving for college, while Bailey stays with Ethan's grandparents. Bailey ages and Ethan comes to say goodbye.\nBailey is reborn as a female German Shepherd puppy, growing into a police dog named Ellie, in the late 1970s/early 1980s, while fully retaining memories of her past lives. Ellie is partnered with lonely officer Carlos Ruiz who has recently split up with his partner, of the Chicago Police Department, and works hard at \"seeking\" and \"finding\", now seeing the job as life's purpose. They form a close bond, ending after Ellie saves a girl, kidnapped by her mother's ex-boyfriend, from drowning and is then fatally shot by the kidnapper while protecting Carlos.\nReborn in the mid-1980s as a male Corgi named Tino, Bailey is adopted by Atlanta college student Maya. Lonely, he tries to find her happiness. She meets Al, a classmate, after Tino falls for Al's dog, a female Landseer named Roxy. They marry, having three children. Tino is heartbroken when one day Roxy does not return from the vet. In the 1990s, as Tino ages and dies, he thanks Maya for giving him one of his best lives.\nBailey reincarnates again, this time as a St. Bernard/Australian Shepherd mix puppy in 2014. At first adopted by a woman named Wendi, he is named Waffles. Unfortunately, Wendi's husband neglects him, refuses to let her keep him inside, and after several years, abandons him. Waffles searches for a new life, gradually making his way back to where he spent summers as Bailey. He joyfully reunites with his old master Ethan, now in his 60s, lonely on his grandparents' old farm, now his. Not recognizing him, Ethan takes him to the local animal shelter, but later reclaims him, naming him Buddy. Sensing that he has finally found his true purpose, he reunites Ethan with a widowed Hannah, and they get married. Buddy shows Ethan that he is his",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the partner of the actor who portrayed Ethan in A Dog's Purpose? | [
{
"id": 44815,
"question": "who plays old ethan in a dogs purpose",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Meg Ryan | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actor of Ethan in A Dog's Purpose? |
3hop2__326964_7721_7713 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands. in a number of international markets. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.\n\n\n== History ==\nYangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd., aka Asiastar, traces its origins to May 1949, when the Shanghai Military Control Commission assumed control of the former sapper squadron of the Kuomintang, renaming it the Automobile Maintenance Firm of Logistics Department of East China Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in ",
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advanceArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including JoDuring the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had about 5.1 people at that time, the city had more than 1.4 million residents..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For how many years was the core city of East Asia during the North-South split considered as the capital city where Yaxing Coach's main office was located? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 7721,
"question": "During the time of the North–South division, what city was the center of East Asia?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had the city at the center of East Asia during the North-South division been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
3hop1__694534_160088_49779 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "MacGruder and Loud",
"paragraph_text": " cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 showsThis was one of the few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run, after ranking 40th out of 104 programs that aired that season with an average 15.76 household rating, according to TVTango.com. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot.\"MacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20 to April 30, 1985.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series stars John Getz and Kathryn Harrold as married police officers Malcolm MacGruder and Jenny Loud in a Los Angeles Police Department-styled police agency (where strict anti-fraternization policies were in effect). They fought a battle every day to keep it a closely guarded secret from their boss, Sgt. Hanson (played by veteran actor Lee de Broux).\nMalcolm and Jenny lived in a duplex-type apartment complex where there was a secret door behind the grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 shows with a 14.9 rating and a 23 share.\nBecause of the frequent commercials during the Super Bowl, the following night Johnny Carson asked rhetorically during his monologue on The Tonight Show, \"Did you see that new show, 'Frequent and Loud'?\"\nThe series was rushed into production by ABC in order to capitalize on the popularity of another crime drama at that time, Cagney & Lacey (which aired on CBS).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMacGruder and Loud at IMDbMacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20 to April 30, 1985.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series stars John Getz and Kathryn Harrold as married police officers Malcolm MacGruder and Jenny Loud in a Los Angeles Police Department-styled police agency (where strict anti-fraternization policies were in effect). They fought a battle every day to keep it a closely guarded secret from their boss, Sgt. Hanson (played by veteran actor Lee de Broux).\nMalcolm and Jenny lived in a duplex-type apartment complex where there was a secret door behind the grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 shows with a 14.9 rating and a 23 share.\nBecause of the frequent commercials during the Super Bowl, the following night Johnny Carson asked rhetorically during his monologue on The Tonight Show, \"Did you see that new show, 'Frequent and Loud'?\"\nThe series was rushed into production by ABC in order to capitalize on the popularity of another crime drama at that time, Cagney & Lacey (which aired on CBS).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMacGruder and Loud at IMDbMacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20 to April 30, 1985.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series stars John Getz and Kathryn Harrold as married police officers Malcolm MacGruder and Jenny Loud in a Los Angeles Police Department-styled police agency (where strict anti-fraternization policies were in effect). They fought a battle every day to keep it a closely guarded secret from their boss, Sgt. Hanson (played by veteran actor Lee de Broux).\nMalcolm and Jenny lived in a duplex-type apartment complex where there was a secret door behind the grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three monthsThis was one of the few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run, after ranking 40th out of 104 programs that aired that season with an average 15.76 household rating, according to TVTango.com. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot.\" grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm Mac",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": " Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–200Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nSpelling was born in DallasAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the TV series Family (1976–1980), Charlie's Angels (1976–1981), The Love Boat (1977–1986), Hart to Hart (1979–1984), Dynasty (1981–1989), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), Melrose Place (1992–1999), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of The Mod Squad (1968–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976),",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)",
"paragraph_text": " 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013 -- 14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014 -- 15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015.Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the format of the same-titled British program created by David Briggs, Steven Knight and Mike Whitehill and developed in the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition with contestants attempting to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions, usually of increasing difficulty. The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? franchise.\nThe original US version premiered on ABC on August 16, 1999, as part of a two-week daily special event hosted by Regis Philbin. After this and a second two-week event aired in November 1999, ABC commissioned a regular series that launched on January 9, 2000, and ran until June 27, 2002. Philbin hosted the entire run of the original network series as well as two additional special event series that aired on ABC in 2004 and 2009.\nA daily version of Millionaire produced for syndication began airing on September 16, 2002, and was initially hosted by Meredith Vieira. Cedric the Entertainer took over the show in 2013 following Vieira's departure, with Terry CrewThe original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999 to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013 -- 14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014 -- 15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the nation where the creator of MacGruder and Loud hails from, who presents the show Who Wants to be a Millionaire? | [
{
"id": 694534,
"question": "MacGruder and Loud >> creator",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 49779,
"question": "#2 who wants to be a millionaire host",
"answer": "Chris Harrison",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Chris Harrison | [] | true | Who is the host of Who Wants to be a Millionaire in the country that MacGruder and Loud's creator is from? |
3hop1__93963_170667_18967 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": " in different regions refer to the language as:\n\nBân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and theThere are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States. Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements). Many of the Hokkien dialects of this region are highly similar to Taiwanese and Amoy. Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē (\"Our people’s language\"). Hokkien speakers form the largest group of Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.[citation needed] Southeast Asia, Hokkien historically served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of all dialects and subgroups, and it remains today as the most spoken variety of Chinese in the region, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei. This applied to a lesser extent to mainland Southeast Asia. As a result of the significant influence and historical presence of its sizable overseas diaspora, certain considerable to ample amounts of Hokkien loanwords are also historically present in the languages it has had historical contact with in its sprachraum, such as Thai. Hokkien Kelantan in northern Malaya of Malaysia and Hokaglish spoken sporadically across the Philippines, especially Metro Manila are also mixed languages with Hokkien as the base lexifier.\n\n\n== Names ==\nHokkien speakers in different regions refer to the language as:\n\nBân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and the English press, Hokkien is used in common parlance to refer to the Southern Min dialects of southern Fujian, and does not include reference to dialects of other Sinitic branches also present in Fujian such as the Fuzhou language (Eastern Min), Pu-Xian Min, Northern Min, Gan Chinese or Hakka.\nThe term Hokkien was first used by Walter Henry Medhurst in his 1832 Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms, considered to be the earliest English-based Hokkien dictionary and the first major reference work in POJ, though its romanization system differs significantly from modern POJ. In this dictionary, the word Hok-këèn was used. In 1869, POJ was further revised by John Macgowan in his published book A Manual Of The Amoy Colloquial. In this book, këèn was changed to kien as Hok-kien; from then on, \"Hokkien\" is used more often.\nHistorically, Hokkien was also known as \"Amoy\", after the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation of Xiamen (��e-mûi), the principal port in southern Fujian during the Qing dynasty, as one of the five ports opened to foreign trade by the Treaty of Nanking. In 1873, Carstairs Douglas published the Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects, where the language was referred to as the \"Language of Amoy\" or as the \"Amoy Vernacular\" and by 1883, John Macgowan",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Cathay Pacific Flight 780",
"paragraph_text": " for their heroism and airmanship.\nCaptain Waters, who was 35 years old, had been working for Cathay Pacific for 12 years, while 37-year-old First Officer Hayhoe had been working for Cathay Pacific for 3 years and had previously served with the Royal Australian Air Force for 11 years.\n\n\n== Aircraft ==\nThe aircraft involved in the accident was an Airbus A330-300, registration B-HLL, manufacturer's serial number 244, fitted with Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines. It first flew on 4 November 1998 and was delivered to Cathay Pacific three weeks later on 25 November 1998. This aircraft was configured for a capacity of 311 passengers and 13 crew, with 44 business-class seats and 267 economy-class seats.\nAfter the incident, it was bought by DVB Bank in July 2011 (Arena Aviation Capital since March 2017) and was transferred to Dragonair (Cathay Dragon) since 23 April 2012 and was reconfigured for a capacity of 307 passengers, with 42 business-class seats and 265 economy-class seats in 2013. It was also repainted into the new Cathay Dragon livery on 3 November 2017. The aircraft had another incident 6 years later as flight KA691 from Hong Kong to Penang on 8 September 2016, with 295 passengers and crew on board, when an airport delivery van crashed into the aircraft's left engine.\nThe aircraft was withdrawn from service on August 13, 2020, at the expiration of its lease, after its last commercial flight from Beijing to Hong Kong as KA993. The aircraft’s final flight was on October 14, 2020, to Pinal Airpark in Marana, Arizona, via Anchorage as KA3496. The aircraft was scrapped on site in November 2021.\n\n\n== Accident ==\nCathay Pacific Flight 780 departed from stand 8 at Juanda International Airport in Indonesia. It took off from runway 28 at 08:24 local time (01:24 UTC). During the climb, both engines experienced small engine pressure ratio fluctuations, with No. 2 engine fluctuating over a greater range than No. 1. Just over half an hour after takeoff, cruising at flight level 390 (about 39,000 ft (12,000 m) above sea level), the electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) system displayed an \"ENG 2 CTL SYS FAULT\" error message. The crew contacted maintenance control to discuss the fluctuations. As other engine operating parameters on both engines were normal, continuing the flight was determined to be safe.\nAlmost two hours after departure, at 03:16 UTC, the \"ENG 2 CTL SYS FAULT\" ECAM message reappeared. The crew contacted maintenance control to review the issue. As all other engine parameters remained normal, continuing on to Hong Kong was again deemed safe.\nAfter another two hours elapsed, the aircraft was on descent to Hong Kong when, at 05:19 UTC, about 203 kilometres (126 mi; 110 nmi) southeast of Hong Kong International Airport, the aircraft's ECAM displayed \"ENG 1 CTL SYS FAULT\" and \"ENG 2 STALL\" within a short period. The second message signified an engine compressor stall, a potentially serious engine problem. The flight crew accordingly carried out the necessary ECAM actions with No. 2 engine's thrustCathay Pacific Flight 780 was a flight from Surabaya Juanda International Airport in Indonesia to Hong Kong International Airport on 13 April 2010. There were 309 passengers and a crew of 13 on board. As Flight 780 neared Hong Kong the crew were unable to change the thrust output of the engines. The aircraft, an Airbus A330-342, landed at almost twice the speed of a normal landing, suffering minor damage. The 57 passengers who sustained injuries were hurt in the ensuing slide evacuation; one of them received serious injuries.Cathay Pacific Flight 780 was a flight from Surabaya Juanda International Airport in Indonesia to Hong Kong International Airport on 13 April 2010. There were 309 passengers and a crew of 13 on board. As Flight 780 neared Hong Kong the crew were unable to change the thrust output of the engines. The aircraft, an Airbus A330-342, landed at almost twice the speed of a normal landing, suffering minor damage. The 57 passengers who sustained injuries were hurt in the ensuing slide evacuation; one of them received serious injuries.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lion Air",
"paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- On 4 March 2006, Lion Air Flight 8987, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashed after landing at Juanda International Airport. Reverse thrust was used during landing, although the left thrust reverser was stated to be out of service. This caused the aircraft to veer to the right and skid off the runway, coming to rest about from the approach end of the runway. There were no fatalities, but the aircraft was badly damaged and later written off.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the previous name of the nation where the airport, of which Lion Air is a constituent, is situated? | [
{
"id": 93963,
"question": "What airport is Lion Air part of?",
"answer": "Juanda International Airport",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 170667,
"question": "#1 >> country",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 18967,
"question": "What is the former name for #2 ?",
"answer": "Dutch East Indies",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Dutch East Indies | [] | true | what is the former name of the country where the airport that Lion Air is part is located? |
2hop__655505_110949 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Till dom ensamma",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== Other recordings ==\nDate participated at Dansbandskampen 2009, performing the song, and they also recorded it for their 2010 album Här och nu!.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Till dom ensamma\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco for his 1991 studio album Dr. Space dagbok, and released as a single the same year. The song charted at Svensktoppen for 22 weeks between 8 December 1991-10 May 1992, topping the chart. It also peaked at number 12 on the Swedish Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Other recordings ==\nDate participated at Dansbandskampen 2009, performing the song, and they also recorded it for their 2010 album Här och nu!.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Till dom ensamma\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco for his 1991 studio album Dr. Space dagbok, and released as a single theTill dom ensamma is a song written by Mauro Scocco, and recorded by himself on the 1991 album Dr. Space dagbok, and released as a single the same year. song charted at Svensktoppen for 22 weeks between 8 December 1991-10 May 1992, topping the chart. It also peaked at number 12 on the Swedish Singles Chart.\n\n\n== Other recordings ==\nDate participated at Dansbandskampen 2009, performing the song, and they also recorded it for their 2010 album Här och nu!.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Till dom ensamma\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco for his 1991 studio album Dr. Space dagbok, and released as a single the same year. The song charted at Svensktoppen for 22 weeks between 8 December 1991-10 May 1992, topping the chart. It also",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mauro Scocco",
"paragraph_text": " on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\".Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\". Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed the pop group Ratata in 1980 along with a few classmates while he was still in school. The first single was \"För varje dag\" (\"For each day\") released on the debut album Ratata in 1981. After the break-up of Ratata in 1989 Scocco started a successful solo career and has released many songs that have reached top positions on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\".Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as Mauro & Plura.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed the pop group Ratata in 1980 along with a few classmates while he was still in school. The first single was \"För varje dag\" (\"For each day\") released on the debut album Ratata in 1981. After the break-up of Ratata in 1989 Scocco started a successful solo career and has released many songs that have reached top positions on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Till de ensamma\" (\"For the lonely\"), \"Nelly\", \"Långsamt farväl\" (\"Long Goodbye\") and \"Överallt\" (\"Everywhere\") are among the most recognized. Besides being a solo artist he also writes and produces music for other pop singers, of which Lisa Nilsson is the most famous. Scocco wrote \"Himlen runt hörnet\" (\"Heaven around the corner\") for her and it became a hit in Scandinavia in the early 1990s that made her career skyrocket.\nIn 1991, Scocco released an album with instrumental piano music, Det Sjungande Trädet (\"The singing tree\"), with inspiration from Erik Satie and expressionistic art. In the spring of 2004, Scocco was a disc jockey in the talkshow Sen kväll med Luuk on TV4, in line with the dry, ironic humour of the show. In the fall of 2005 Scocco released the single \"Kall Stjärna\" (\"Cold star\") from the album Herr Jimsons Äventyr (\"The adventures of Mr. Jimson\"), which made it to the top list over downloaded singles on iTunes.\n\n\n=== Ratata ===\nMauro Scocco was also a lead singer of the four-piece Swedish band Ratata, formed in 1980, which also included Heinz Liljedahl, Anders Skog, and Johan Kling. Their debut single was \"För varje dag\" in 1981 followed by \"Ögon av is\". Both appeared in their self-titled 1982 debut album Ratata. Immediately after release of Jackie, their second album, including the title track as single, Ratata disbanded in 1982 after just three years of activity.\nBut Scocco continued to use the name as a duo when he was joined by Johan Ekelund. For studio and live gigs, the duo relied on musicians to aid in the shows. The duo continued to have a great number of hit singles and released many more charting albums. The duo had a brief comeback in 2002.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nMauro Scocco's brother Sandro Scocco is a well-known Swedish economist.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nFor a full discography while in Ratata from 1980 to 1989, refer to band / duo page)\nAlbums\n\nOthers\n\n2007: Saker Som Jag Gjort: texter & noter – prosa & bilder [Book + 3 CDs]\nSolo compilations\n\nSingles\n\nMauro & Plura\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nUnofficial discography (in Swedish)Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the artist who performed Till dom ensamma born? | [
{
"id": 655505,
"question": "Till dom ensamma >> performer",
"answer": "Mauro Scocco",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 110949,
"question": "What is the date of birth for #1 ?",
"answer": "11 September 1962",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 11 September 1962 | [] | true | What is the Till dom ensamma performer's birth date? |
2hop__87053_319330 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Woodrow Wilson",
"paragraph_text": " Cause of death Stroke Resting place Washington National Cathedral Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Ellen Axson (m. 1885; d. 1914) Edith Bolling (m. 1915) Children Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor Parents Joseph Ruggles Wilson Jessie Janet Woodrow Education Davidson College Princeton University Johns Hopkins University Profession Academic Historian Political scientist Awards Nobel Peace Prize SignatureWoodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson in 1919 28th President of the United States In office March 4, 1913 -- March 4, 1921 Vice President Thomas R. Marshall Preceded by William Howard Taft Succeeded by Warren G. Harding 34th Governor of New Jersey In office January 17, 1911 -- March 1, 1913 Preceded by John Franklin Fort Succeeded by James Fielder (acting) 13th President of Princeton University In office 1902 -- 1910 Preceded by Francis Patton Succeeded by John Aikman Stewart (acting) Personal details Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856 - 12 - 28) December 28, 1856 Staunton, Virginia, U.S. February 3, 1924 (1924 - 02 - 03) (aged 67) Washington, D.C., U.S. Cause of death Stroke Resting place Washington National Cathedral Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Ellen Axson (m. 1885; d. 1914) Edith Bolling (m. 1915) Children Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor Parents Joseph Ruggles Wilson Jessie Janet Woodrow Education Davidson College Princeton University Johns Hopkins University Profession Academic Historian Political scientist Awards Nobel Peace Prize Signature his first year as president, Wilson authorized the widespread imposition of segregation inside the federal bureaucracy and his opposition to women's suffrage drew protests. His first term was largely devoted to pursuing passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. His first major priority was the Revenue Act of 1913, which began the modern income tax, and the Federal Reserve Act, which created the Federal Reserve System. At the outbreak ofWoodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson in 1919 28th President of the United States In office March 4, 1913 -- March 4, 1921 Vice President Thomas R. Marshall Preceded by William Howard Taft Succeeded by Warren G. Harding 34th Governor of New Jersey In office January 17, 1911 -- March 1, 1913 Preceded by John Franklin Fort Succeeded by James Fielder (acting) 13th President of Princeton University In office 1902 -- 1910 Preceded by Francis Patton Succeeded by John Aikman Stewart (acting) Personal details Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856 - 12 - 28) December 28, 1856 Staunton, Virginia, U.S. February 3, 1924 (1924 - 02 - 03) (aged 67) Washington, D.C., U.S. Cause of death Stroke Resting place Washington National Cathedral Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Ellen Axson (m. 1885; d. 1914) Edith Bolling (m. 1915) Children Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor Parents Joseph Ruggles Wilson Jessie Janet Woodrow Education Davidson College Princeton University Johns Hopkins University Profession Academic Historian Political scientist Awards Nobel Peace Prize SignatureThomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.\nBorn in Staunton, Virginia, Wilson grew up in the Southern United States during the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. After earning a Ph.D. in history and political science from Johns Hopkins University, Wilson taught at several colleges prior to being appointed president of Princeton University, where he emerged as a prominent spokesman for progressivism in higher education. Wilson served as governor of New Jersey from 1911",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre",
"paragraph_text": " Phi Beta sorority. After her graduation from Goucher, she worked at a settlement home in Philadelphia for three years.\n\n\n=== White House years ===\n\nIn July 1913, four months after her father assumed the presidency, the Wilsons announced Jessie's engagement to Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. Her fiancé, a 1911 graduate of Harvard Law School, was the son of Robert Sayre, builder of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and organizer and general manager of the Bethlehem Iron Works. At the time of their engagement he was serving in the office of a district attorney. Their November 25, 1913, wedding was the thirteenth White House wedding, and the first since Alice Roosevelt and Nicholas Longworth were wed in 1906.\nUpon their return from their honeymoon in Europe, they moved to Williamstown, Massachusetts, where her husband began his service as an assistant to the president of Williams College.\nOn January 17, 1915, she gave birth in the White House to a son, Francis B. Sayre, Jr. (January 17, 1915 – October 3, 2008), who became a noted clergyman and was a social activist like his mother. The following year, a daughter, Eleanor Axson Sayre (March 26, 1916 – May 12, 2001), was born. In 1919 they were joined by Woodrow Wilson Sayre (February 22, 1919 – September 16, 2002).\n\n\n=== Massachusetts and Siam ===\nAfter World War I, the Sayres moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Francis accepted a position on the Harvard Law School faculty. There, she worked in the interests of the Democratic Party, the League of Nations, and the League of Women Voters. She was also involved with the YWCA, serving on its national board. At the time of Woodrow Wilson's death in 1924, the couple were living in Siam (now Thailand) where Francis was working as an advisor on international law at the Royal Court of Siam.\nIn 1928, she made the introductory speech for presidential nominee Al Smith at the Democratic National Convention. In 1929 her name was mentioned as a candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator, for the seat then held by Republican Frederick H. Gillett. However, she declined. She became secretary of the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee instead.\n\n\n=== Death ===\nSayre died at age 45 after undergoing abdominal surgery at Cambridge Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some reports state that she suffered from a gall bladder disorder, while others state that she had undergone an emergency appendectomy. Two years later, the Boston branch of the Women's Democratic League was renamed the JessieJessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political activist, and \"She worked vigorously for women's suffrage, social issues, and to promote her father's call for a League of Nations, and emerged as a force in the Massachusetts Democratic Party.\" the 1920s.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\nJessie Woodrow Wilson was born in Gainesville, Georgia, the second daughter of Woodrow and Ellen Axson Wilson. She was the middle sister of Margaret Woodrow Wilson and Eleanor Wilson McAdoo. She was educated privately in Princeton, New Jersey at Miss Fine's School and at Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland. She was a member of Gamma Phi Beta sorority. After her graduation from Goucher, she worked at a settlement home in Philadelphia for three years.\n\n\n=== White House years ===\n\nIn July 1913, four months after her father assumed the presidency, the Wilsons announced Jessie's engagement to Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. Her fiancé, a 1911 graduate of Harvard Law School, was the son of Robert Sayre, builder of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and organizer and general manager of the Bethlehem Iron Works. At the time of their engagement he was serving in the office of a district attorney. Their November 25, 1913, wedding was the thirteenth White House wedding, and the first since Alice Roosevelt and Nicholas Longworth were wed in 1906.\nUpon their return from their honeymoon in Europe, they moved to Williamstown, Massachusetts, where her husband began his service as an assistant to the president of Williams College.\nOn January 17, 1915, she gave birth in the White House to a son, Francis B. Sayre, Jr. (January 17, 1915 – October 3, 2008), who became a noted clergyman and was a social activist like his mother. The following year, a daughter, Eleanor Axson Sayre (March 26, 1916 – May 12, 2001), was born. In 1919 they were joined by Woodrow Wilson Sayre (February 22, 1919 – September 16, 2002).\n\n\n=== Massachusetts and Siam ===\nAfter World War I, the Sayres moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Francis accepted a position on the Harvard Law School faculty. There, she worked in the interests of the Democratic Party, the League of Nations, and the League of Women Voters. She was also involved with the YWCA, serving on its national board. At the time of Woodrow Wilson's death in 1924, the couple were living in Siam (now Thailand) where Francis was working as an advisor on international law at the Royal Court of Siam.\nIn 1928, she made the introductory speech for presidential nominee Al Smith at the Democratic National Convention. In 1929 her name was mentioned as a candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator, for the seat then held by Republican Frederick H. Gillett. However, she declined. She became secretary of the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee instead.\n\n\n=== Death ===\nSayre died at age 45 after undergoing abdominal surgery at Cambridge Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some reports state that she suffered from a gall bladder disorder, while others state that she had undergone an emergency appendectomy. Two years later, the Boston branch of the Women's Democratic League was renamed the Jessie Woodrow Sayre",
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] | Who was the offspring of the twenty-eighth president of the United States? | [
{
"id": 87053,
"question": "who is the 28th president of the united states",
"answer": "Woodrow Wilson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 319330,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Jessie Woodrow Wilson | [
"Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre"
] | true | Who was the child of the 28th U.S. president? |
3hop1__23444_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "History of science",
"paragraph_text": "\n\n\n=== Ancient and early modern precursors ===\nOne of the earliest and most commonly-cited texts for those looking for early precursors to science fiction is the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, with the earliest text versions identified as being from about 2000 BCE. American science fiction author Lester del Rey was one such supporter of using Gilgamesh as an origin point, arguing that \"science fiction is precisely as old as the first recorded fiction. That is The Epic of Gilgamesh.\" French science fiction writer Pierre Versins also argued that Gilgamesh was the first science fiction work due to its treatment of human reason and the quest for immortality. In addition, Gilgamesh features a flood scene that in some ways resembles a work of apocalyptic science fiction. However, the lack of explicit science or technology in the work has led some to argue that it is better categorized as fantastic literature.\n\nAncient Indian poetry such as the Hindu epic the Ramayana (5th to 4th century BCE) includes Vimana, flying machines able to travel into space or under water, and destroy entire cities using advanced weapons. In the first book of the Rigveda collection of Sanskrit hymns (1700–1100 BCE), there is a description of \"mechanical birds\" that are seen \"jumping into space speedily with a craft using fire and water ... containing twelve stamghas (pillars), one wheel, three machines, 300 pivots, and 60 instruments\". \nThe ancient Hindu mythological epic the Mahabharata (8th and 9th centuries BCE) includes the story of King Kakudmi, who travels to heaven to meet the creator Brahma and is shocked to learn that many ages have passed when he returns to Earth, anticipating the concept of time travel.\n\nOne frequently cited text is the Syrian-Greek writer Lucian of Samosata's 2nd-century satire True History, which uses a voyage to outer space and conversations with alien life forms to comment on the use of exaggeration within travel literature and debates. Typical science fiction themes and topoi in True History include travel to outer space, encounter with alien life-forms (including the experience of a first encounter event), interplanetary warfare and planetary imperialism, motif of giganticism, creatures as products of human technology, worlds working by a set of alternative physical laws, and an explicit desire of the protagonist for exploration and adventure. In witnessing one interplanetary battle between the People of the Moon and the People of the Sun as the fight for the right to colonize the Morning Star, Lucian describes giant space spiders who were \"appointed to spin a web in the air between the Moon and the Morning Star, which was done in an instant, and made a plain campaign upon which the foot forces were planted\". L. Sprague de Camp and a number of other authors argue this to be one of the earliest if not the earliest example of science fiction or proto-science fiction. However, since the text was intended to be explicitly satirical and hyperbolic, other critics are ambivalent about its rightful place as a science fiction precursor. For example, English critic Kingsley Amis wrote that \"It is hardly science-fiction, since it deliberately piles extravagance upon extravagance for comic effect\" yet he implicitly acknowledged its SF character by comparing its plot to early 20th-century space operas: \"I will merely remark that the sprightliness and sophistication of True History make it read like a joke at the expense of nearly all early-modern science fiction, that written between, say, 1910 and 1940.\" Lucian translator Bryan Reardon is more explicit, describing the work as \"an account of a fantastic journey – to the moon, the underworld, the belly of a whale, and so forth. It is not really science fiction, although it has sometimes been called that; there is no 'science' in it.\"\n\nThe early Japanese tale of Urashima Tarō involves traveling forwards in time to a distant future, and was first described in the Nihongi (written in 720). It was about a young fisherman named Urashima Tarō who visits an undersea palace and stays there for three days. After returning home to his village, he finds himself 300 years in the future, where he is long forgotten, his house is in ruins, and his family long dead. The 10th-century Japanese narrative The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter may also be considered proto-science fiction. The protagonist of the story, Kaguya-hime, is a princess from the Moon who is sent to Earth for safety during a celestial war, and is found and raised by a bamboo cutter in Japan. She is later taken back to the Moon by her real extraterrestrial family. A manuscript illustration depicts a round flying machine similar to a flying saucer.\n\n\n=== One Thousand and One Nights ===\n\nSeveral stories within the One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights, 8th–10th centuries CE) also feature science fiction elements. One example is \"The Adventures of Bulukiya\", where the protagonist Bulukiya's quest for the herb of immortality leads him to explore the seas, journey to the Garden of Eden and to Jahannam (Islamic hell), and travel across the cosmos to different worlds much larger than his own world, anticipating elements of galactic science fiction; along the way, he encounters societies of jinn, mermaids, talking serpents, talking trees, and other forms of life.\nIn \"Abdullah the Fisherman and Abdullah the Merman\", the protagonist gains the ability to breathe underwater and discovers an underwater submarine society that is portrayed as an inverted reflection of society on land, in that the underwater society follows a form of primitive communism where concepts like money and clothing do not exist.\nOther Arabian Nights tales deal with lost ancient technologies, advanced ancient civilizations that went astray, and catastrophes which overwhelmed them. \"The City of Brass\" features a group of travellers on an archaeological expedition across the Sahara to find an ancient lost city and attempt to recover a brass vessel that the biblical King Solomon once used to trap a jinn, and, along the way, encounter a mummified queen, petrified inhabitants, lifelike humanoid robots and automata, seductive marionettes dancing without strings, and a brass robot horseman who directs the party towards the ancient city.\n\n\"The Ebony Horse\" features a robot in the form of a flying mechanical horse controlled using keys, that could fly into outer space and towards the Sun, while the \"Third Qalandar's Tale\" also features a robot in the form of an uncanny sailor. \"The City of Brass\" and \"The Ebony Horse\" can be considered early examples of proto-science fiction. Other examples of early Arabic proto-science fiction include al-Farabi's Opinions of the Residents of a Splendid City about a utopian society, and certain Arabian Nights elements such as the flying carpet.\n\n\n=== Other medieval literature ===\nAccording to Dr. Abu Shadi al-Roubi, the final two chapters of the Arabic theological novel Fādil ibn Nātiq (c. 1270), also known as Theologus Autodidactus, by the Arabian polymath writer Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) can be described as science fiction. The theological novel deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, apocalyptic themes, eschatology, resurrection and the afterlife, but rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn alMedicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large bodyThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.",
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] | What is the Arabic interpretation of the term associated with India's predominant faith when the nation with the prehistoric burial sites was established? | [
{
"id": 23444,
"question": "Where are the Neolithic graveyards?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | In the Arabic dictionary what is the meaning of the word that also refers to the majority religion in India when the country containing the Neolithic graveyards was created? |
4hop1__342858_131850_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this",
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"idx": 3,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one,After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Yuma, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": " \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities and towns\nColorado municipalities\nColorado counties\nYuma County, Colorado\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial website\nCDOT map of the City of Yuma\nGoYuma.com\nThe Yuma PioneerYuma is a home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census. post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities and towns\nColorado municipalities\nColorado counties\nYuma County, Colorado\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial website\nCDOT map of the City of Yuma\nGoYuma.com\nThe Yuma PioneerYuma is a home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nA post office in Y",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Yuma County Library District",
"paragraph_text": " establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.The YThe Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma. as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.\nEach library features books, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, CDs, DVDs, Internet access, printing, and copying services. Programs and classes for all ages are offered throughout the year, including storytimes, summer reading, technology training and assistance, and topics of local interest.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Library District's mission statement is \"Yuma County Library District is your center for information, community enrichment, recreational reading, and lifelong learning.\" Its official slogan is \"Your Information Connection.\"\nThe County Board of Supervisors serves as the Library District Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is the five elected members of the Yuma County Board of Supervisors. They appoint the Library District Director, establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.The Yuma County Library District (YCLD) serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today, the library district consists",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who emerged victorious from the 1993 Indy Car Race in the biggest city of the state that has the city of Yuma and a library district located in the same county? | [
{
"id": 342858,
"question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yuma County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 131850,
"question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the 1993 Indy Car Race in the largest city of the state where the library district and the city of Yuma share the same county? |
3hop2__90098_60649_10557 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "SilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian musician and ornithologist\nSilvester Fernandes (born 1936), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Gardiner (1708–1786), American physician etc.\nSilvester Goraseb (born 1974), Namibian footballer\nSylvester Graham (1794–1851), Presbyterian minister, father of graham crackers\nSilvester Harding (1745–1809), English artist and publisher\nSilvester Horne (1865–1914), Congregational minister\nSylvester James Jr. (1947–1988), also known as Sylvester, a singer and disco performer\nSilvester Johnson (1813–1889), Kentucky merchant and politician\nSilvester Knipfer (1939–2010), German sports shooter\nSylvester Levay (born 1954), Hungarian musician\nSylvester McCoy (born 1943), Scottish actor\nSilvester Mirabal (1864–1939), American farmer and statesman\nSylvester Mittee (born 1956), Saint Lucian/British boxer of the 1970s and '80s\nSilvester Sabolčki (1979–2003), Croatian footballer\nSilvester Sedborough (1515/16–1551), member of parliament\nSilvester ��ereš (1918–2000), Hungarian-Yugoslav footballer\nSilvester Shkalla (born 1995), Albanian footballer\nSylvester Stallone (born 1946), American actor\nSylvester Stewart (born 1943), or Sly Stone, musician and record producer, best known as the frontman for Sly and the Family Stone\nSilvester Takač (born 1940), Serbian-Yugoslavian footballer and football manager\nSSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of",
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Holy Roman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " until the 12th century, the empire was one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe. The functioning of government depended on the harmonious cooperation between emperor and vassals; this harmony wasIn 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.TheIn 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries. Roman emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe more than three centuries after the fall of the ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, fashioning himself as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor, and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire was one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe. The functioning of government depended on the harmonious cooperation between emperor and vassals; this harmony wasIn 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries.The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages and lasted for almost a thousand years until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.\nOn 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Frankish king Charlemagne as Roman emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe more than three centuries after the fall of the ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, fashioning himself as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor, and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire was one of the most powerful monarchies in Europe. The functioning of government depended on the harmonious cooperation between emperor and vassals; this harmony was disturbed during the Salian period. The empire reached the apex of territorial expansion and power under the House of Hohenstaufen in the mid-13th century, but overextension of its power led to a partial collapse.\nScholars generally describe an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, and a gradual development of the imperial role. While the office of emperor had been reestablished, the exact term for his realm as the \"Holy Roman Empire\" was not used until the 13th century, although the emperor's theoretical legitimacy from the beginning rested on the concept of translatio imperii, that he held supreme power inherited from the ancient emperors of Rome. Nevertheless, in the Holy Roman Empire, the imperial office was traditionally elective by the mostly German prince-electors. In theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered the first among equals of all Europe's Catholic monarchs.\nA process of Imperial Reform in the late 15th and early 16th centuries transformed the empire, creating a set of institutions which endured until its final demise in the 19th century. According to historian Thomas Brady Jr., the empire after the Imperial Reform was a political body of remarkable longevity and stability, and \"resembled in some respects the monarchical polities of Europe's western tier, and in others the loosely integrated, elective polities of East Central Europe.\" The new corporate German Nation, instead of simply obeying the emperor, negotiated with him. On 6 August 1806, Emperor Francis II abdicated and formally dissolved the empire following the creation – the month before, by French emperor Napoleon – of the Confederation of the Rhine, a confederation of German client states loyal not to the Holy Roman emperor but to France.\n\n\n== Name and general perception ==\n\nSince Charlemagne, the realm was merely referred to",
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}
] | From which language does the surname Sylvester originate, specifically during the reign of the Frankish monarch who later established the Holy Roman Empire? | [
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 60649,
"question": "what was the name of the frankish king who formed the holy roman empire",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the language from which the last name Sylvester originates during the era of the Frankish king who formed the Holy Roman Empire later known as? |
2hop__695432_18803 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Brent Spar",
"paragraph_text": " Broom, Rannoch, Etive, Ness and Tarbert formations, with each name representing a loch in the Scottish Highlands.\n\n\n== Geology ==\n\nSituated in the East Shetland Basin, the Brent is the archetype for many of the fields in the area, consisting of a tilted fault block exposing the eponymous Brent formation, next to bounding faults which allowed migration from deeper adjacent \"kitchen\" areas where the Kimmeridge Clay Formation becomes fully mature and releases hydrocarbons. Unusually on a worldwide scale (but common in this basin), the seal or cap rock for the reservoir (which stops the hydrocarbons from migrating further towards the surface) is also the Kimmeridge Clay, or technically the Heather Formation immediately below.\nThe reservoir depth is 2,651 metres (8,698 ft).\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nProduction started on 11 November 1976, and on 13 December 1976 the first tanker was loaded. The Brent field oil was extracted by four platforms in an irregular SSW-NNE line. The first in place was the concrete-legged \"Condeep\" Brent Bravo, built by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, in August 1975. This was followed by the steel-jacket Brent Alpha built by Redpath Dorman Long in Methil and installed in May 1976; the concrete-legged Brent Delta, again built by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, in July 1976; and the concrete-base Brent Charlie, built by McAlpine/Sea Tank in Ardyne Point, installed in June 1978. As of 2004, the field was still producing oil through a manifold (all Brent Alpha fluids are produced across to Brent Bravo). A fifth installation, the floating Brent Spar, served as a storage- and tanker-loading buoy and was installed early in the field's construction. The \"spar\" design of this installation led to the name by which it became the best known of the Brent installations (outside the oil industry). The field also included a remote flare, the \"Brent Flare\", which was used to flare off excess gas before gas handling and export facilities were installed in the field, also used as a vent in winter 1995–96. This unit was decommissioned and removed using a heavy lifting barge in 2005.\nThe topsides for Brent Charlie were designed by Matthew Hall Engineering which was awarded the contract in January 1974. Initially there were facilities for 19 oil production wells, nine water injection wells, six gas injection wells and three spare slots. The production capacity was 150,000 barrels (24,000 m3) per day and 8.5 million standard cubic metres of gas per day. There were three production trains each with four stages of separation with the first stage separators operating at a pressure of 9.6 bar. The 14 subsea storage cells had a capacity of 400,000 barrels (64,000 m3). Electricity generation was powered by three 12 MW Rolls-Royce Avon gas turbines. The topside accommodation was for 120 people. There were 14 topsides modules and the topsides weight was 34,000 tonnes.\nThe initial design parameters of the Brent installations is summarised in the table.\n\nThe field supplied oil via the Brent System pipeline to the terminal at Sullom Voe, while gas was piped through the FLAGS pipeline ashore at St Fergus on the north-east coast of Scotland. The production of oil from the field (in 1000s barrels) was:The field underwent a £1.3 billion upgrade project in the mid-1990s, which involved depressurising the entire reservoir and making extensive modifications to three of the four Brent platforms. This converted them to low-pressure operation, which unlocked significant quantities of natural gas from the reservoir and extended the field life beyond 2010.\nThe field's peak production capacity reached 504,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd)Brent Spar, or Brent E, was a North Sea oil storage and tanker loading buoy in the Brent oilfield, operated by Shell UK. With the completion of a pipeline connection to the oil terminal at Sullom Voe in Shetland, the storage facility had continued in use, but by 1991, was considered to be of no further value. Brent Spar became an issue of public concern in 1995, when the British government announced its support for Shell's application for its disposal in deep Atlantic waters at North Feni Ridge (approximately from the west coast of Scotland, at a depth of around ).Brent Spar, or Brent E, was a North Sea oil storage and tanker loading buoy in the Brent oilfield, operated by Shell UK. With the completion of a pipeline connection to the oil terminal at Sullom Voe in Shetland, the storage facility had continued in use, but by 1991, was considered to be of no further value. Brent Spar became an issue of public concern in 1995, when the British government announced its support for Shell's application for its disposal in deep Atlantic waters at North Feni Ridge (approximately from the west coast of Scotland, at a depth of around ).26-1 was drilled in 1971 by the semi-submersible drilling rig \"Staflo\". This was a major surprise at the time as the nearest land in Scotland and Norway is composed of granite and other non reservoir metamorphic rocks.\n\n\n== Name ==\nShell initially named all of its UK oil fields after seabirds in alphabetical order by discovery – Auk, Brent, Cormorant, Dunlin, Eider, Fulmar and so on. Brent refers to the brent goose, and in turn gave its initials to the geologic subdivisions of the Middle Jurassic-age Brent Group that make up the field: Broom, Rannoch, Etive, Ness and Tarbert formations, with each name representing a loch in the Scottish Highlands.\n\n\n== Geology ==\n\nSituated in the East Shetland Basin, the Brent is the archetype for many of the fields in the area, consisting of a tilted fault block exposing the eponymous Brent formation, next to bounding faults which allowed migration from deeper adjacent \"kitchen\" areas where the Kimmeridge Clay Formation becomes fully mature and releases hydrocarbons. Unusually on a worldwide scale (but common in this basin), the seal or cap rock for the reservoir (which stops the hydrocarbons from migrating further towards the surface) is also the Kimmeridge Clay, or technically the Heather Formation immediately below.\nThe reservoir depth is 2,651 metres (8,698 ft).\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nProduction started on 11 November 1976, and on 13 December 1976 the first tanker was loaded. The Brent field oil was extracted by four platforms in an irregular SSW-NNE line. The first in place was the concrete-legged \"Condeep\" Brent Bravo, built by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, in August 1975. This was followed by the steel-jacket Brent Alpha built by Redpath Dorman",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Royal Dutch Shell",
"paragraph_text": " to be used for renewables (wind and solar power generation), and with current investment trends Shell's carbon emissions are expected to rise with 4% up to 2030 compared to 2019 levels\nIn order to safeguard the temperature limit set out in the Paris Agreement, global carbon emissions to decrease with 45% in 2030. Given the clear gap between Shell's plans and the targets of the Paris Agreement, seven environmental organisations foundations – Milieudefensie (the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth), Greenpeace, Fossielvrij, Waddenvereniging, Both ENDS, Jongeren Milieu Actief, and ActionAid – and 17,379 individual claimants in the Netherlands filed a class-action lawsuit against Shell in April 2019, arguing that Shell should change its business model to reach an emissions reduction target of 45% by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement. By failing to change, the plaintiffs argued, Shell had failed to uphold the unwritten duty of care laid down in Book 6 Section 162 of the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Dutch Civil Code) as well as articles 2 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Shell stated in response to the summons that it was doing its part to address climate change, and that \"What will accelerate the energy transition is effective policy, investment in technology and changing customer behaviour. None of which will be achieved with this court action. Addressing a challenge this big requires a collaborative and global approach.\"\nHearings at the district court at The Hague were held in December 2020. The plaintiffs were required under Dutch law to demonstrate that a viable alternative business model existed for Shell to achieve the suggested 45% reduction goal, and had used the recent transformation of Danish company Ørsted from fossil fuels to renewables as a viable example. During the trial, ShellOn 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence. evaluating if they could alter operations to meet the targets of the Agreement. The British multinational Shell is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the world; its headquarters are in the United Kingdom since 2022. Shell is the ninth-largest corporate contributor to global pollution, producing about 2.5% of global emissions. As the Paris Agreement was being developed, Shell evaluated its businesses to determine what it could do to address emissions, but had stated in 2014 that it believed that the Paris targets were unattainable and did not plan to change its business model away from oil and gas. Following the signing of the Agreement, Shell issued a statement that it would address its CO2 emissions, releasing a plan that called for reductions of its carbon dioxide emissions by 30% by 2035, compared to 2016 levels, and by 65% by 2050. So far, in 2022 only 1,5 % of the investments",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What action did the Brent field's operator reveal they were taking in April 2010? | [
{
"id": 695432,
"question": "Brent field >> operator",
"answer": "Shell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 18803,
"question": "#1 announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?",
"answer": "trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland | [
"FIN",
"fi",
"Finland"
] | true | The operator of Brent field announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010? |
3hop2__92991_27069_76291 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark PryThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-held seat. It also remains the last time that the president's party has suffered a net loss of Senate seats in a midterm election cycle.\n\n\n== Partisan composition ==\nFor a majority, Republicans needed at least 51 seats. Democrats could have retained a majority with 48 seats (assuming the two Independents continued",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": " one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).Oklahoma ( OHK-lə-HOH-mə; Choctaw: Oklahumma, pronounced [oklahómma]) is a state in the South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northeast, Arkansas to the east, New Mexico to the west, and Colorado to the northwest. Partially in the western extreme of the Upland South, it is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.\nThe state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla, 'people' and humma, which translates as 'red'. Oklahoma is also known informally by its nickname, \"The Sooner State\", in reference to the Sooners, American settlers who staked their claims in formerly American Indian-owned lands until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 authorized the Land Rush of 1889 opening the land to settlement.\nWith ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, all regions prone to severe weather. Oklahoma is at a confluence of three major American cultural regions. Historically, it served as a government-sanctioned territory for American Indians moved from east of the Mississippi River, a route for cattle drives from Texas and related regions, and a destination for Southern settlers. There are currently 26 Indigenous languages spoken in Oklahoma. According to the 2020 U.S. census, 14.2 percent of Oklahomans identify as American Indians, the highest indigenous population by percentage in any state.\nA major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base ofFollowing the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5). okla, 'people' and humma, which translates as 'red'. Oklahoma is also known informally by its nickname, \"The Sooner State\", in reference to the Sooners, American settlers who staked their claims in formerly American Indian-owned lands until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 authorized the Land Rush of 1889 opening the land to settlement.\nWith ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, all regions prone toFollowing the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allowThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends when it adjourns; hence, it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day). The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules; thus, in most cases, senators may speak for as long as they please. Often, the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits. In other cases (for example, for the budget process), limits are imposed by statute. In general, however, the right to unlimited debate is preserved.\n\n\n==== Filibuster ====\n\nThe filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely. A filibuster may entail, but does not actually require, long speeches, dilatory motions, and an extensive series of proposed amendments. The longest filibuster speech in the history of the Senate was delivered by Strom Thurmond, who spoke for over twenty-four hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Senate may end a filibuster by invoking cloture. In most cases, cloture requires the support of three-fifths of the Senate. Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority. If the Senate does invoke cloture, debate does not end immediately; instead, further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote.\n\n\n==== Closed session ====\n\nOn occasion, the Senate may go into what is called a secret or closed session. During a closed session, the chamber doors are closed and the galleries are completely cleared of anyone not sworn to secrecy, not instructed in the rules of the closed session, or not essential to the session. Closed sessions are rare and are usually held only under certain circumstances in which the Senate is discussing sensitive subject matter, such as information critical to national security, private communications from the president, or discussions of Senate deliberations during impeachment trials. Any Senator has the right to call a closed session as long as the motion is seconded.\n\n\n=== Voting ===\nWhen debate concludes, the motion in question is put to a vote. In many cases, the Senate votes by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and Members respond either \"Aye!\" (in favor of the motion) or \"No!\" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote. Any senator, however, may challenge the presiding officer's assessment and request a recorded vote. The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one-fifth of the senators present. In practice, however, senators second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy. When a recorded vote is held, the clerk calls the roll of the Senate in alphabetical order; each senator responds when their name is called. Senators who miss the roll call may still cast a vote as long as the recorded vote remains open. The",
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] | When did the political party that Oklahoma's US Senators belong to gain authority over the body that sets the rules for the US House and US Senate? | [
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 27069,
"question": "What political party are Oklahoma's US Senators?",
"answer": "Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #2 take control of the #1",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the party Oklahoma's US Senators come from take control of the body determining the rules of the US House and US Senate? |
3hop2__668732_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. In the Nguy��n dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực K�� (the area located in the right of Th��a Thiên).\n\n\n== Provinces ==\n\n\n== History ==\nThe region was inhabited by people of the Sa Hu��nh culture between around 1000 BC and 200 AD. Remains of this ancient civilization were found in Sa Hu��nh, Quảng Ngãi province. It was succeeded by a kingdom called Lin-yi (����) by the Chinese or Lâm ��p in Vietnamese that was in existence from 192 AD. Its political center was just north of the South Central Coast near Huế. Lin-yi was culturally influenced by India. According to Chinese sources, it repeatedly raided Jiaozhi (Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), which was one factor that contributed to several wars between Jiaozhi and their Chinese colonizers against Lin-yi in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries.\n\nThe historic territory of Champa roughly equals the South Central Coast region, although it has at times extended well into the North Central Coast and its influence also extended into the Central Highlands. Except for its first capital, all of Champa's political centers were located in the South Central Coast. Some of the earlier capitals, as well as the religious center of M�� Sơn and the port city of Hội An were located in the territory of present-day Quảng Nam province. Probably due to defeats in wars against Đại Việt the political center shifted further south to Vijaya in what is now Bình Định province. After the fall of Vijaya to Vietnam in 1471, Champa had to retreat to the southern principality of Panduranga (now at Phan Rang in Ninh Thuận province), while much of occupied Champa continued to exist as a sort of protectorate within Vietnam for some time.:��119��\nRelations with the mountainous hinterland and traders from overseas were crucial. Champa's trade specialized on procuring luxury goods such as eaglewood from the Central Highlands and even as far as Attapeu in southern Laos and selling them to foreign merchants through their ports at Hội An and Thi Nai.:��110–111,��114��\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\n\n=== Topography ===\nIn contrast to most other coastal regions in Vietnam, the South Central Coast's terrain is not mainly flat. It has a diverse topography with mountain ranges and hills extending not only along the entire border with Central Highlands but also to the coast, forming several passes, bays, peninsulas, and beautiful sceneries with beaches and mountain backdrops. Many of the highest mountains are at or near the border with the Central Highlands, the highest of which is Ngọc Linh mountain at 2598 meters. There are several high peaks near the coast of Da Nang city (696m on Son Tra Peninsula), Bình ĐSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà N��ng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region.In Vietnam, South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải NamSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and",
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},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "An Phú District",
"paragraph_text": ",613. The district covers an area of 226 km². The district capital lies at An Phú town.An Phú is a district of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam and shares the international border with Cambodia. An Phú juts out at the western edge of Vietnam into Cambodia. As ofAn Phú is a district of An Giang Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam on the border with Cambodia. An Phú juts out at the western edge of Vietnam into Cambodia. As of 2003 the district had a population of 178,613. The district covers an area of 226 km². The district capital lies at An Phú town. town.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe district is one of the most remote places in Vietnam. An Phú was a part ofAn Phú is a district of An Giang Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam on the border with Cambodia. An Phú juts out at the western edge of Vietnam into Cambodia. As of 2003 the district had a population of 178,613. The district covers an area of 226 km². The district capital lies at An Phú town.An Phú is a district of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam and shares",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.BonBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where within the country that houses An Phu, can one find John Phan's place of birth? | [
{
"id": 668732,
"question": "An Phú >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of the country where An Phu is located is John Phan's birthplace? |
2hop__657913_88628 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "True Grit (1969 film)",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the threeTrue Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.burn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated.\nThe movie's success, launched a series of films including a 1975 sequel, a 1978 made-for-TV sequel, and a 2010 remake film adaptation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Pepper at a remote dugout cabin. Cogburn captures and interrogates the two men. Moon is shot in the leg during the capture, and Cogburn uses the injury as leverage for information about Pepper. Quincy slams a knife down on Moon's hand to shut him up, severing four of his fingers, then kills him. Cogburn shoots Quincy dead. Before dying, Moon reveals Pepper and his gang are due at the cabin that night for fresh mounts.\nRooster and La Boeuf lay a trap. Upon arriving, Pepper is suspicious and draws La Boeuf's fire, which blows cover of the planned ambush with a premature shot, inadvertently killing Pepper's horse. A firefight ensues, during which Cogburn and La Boeuf kill two gang members, but Pepper and the rest of his men escape unharmed.True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.True Grit is a 1969 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway, starring John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn, Glen Campbell as La Boeuf and Kim Darby as Mattie Ross. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won an Oscar for his performance in the film and reprised his character for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas,",
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},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Big Jim McLain",
"paragraph_text": ", he took on two more such roles, (Brannigan and McQ), each time playing an urban cop.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) fails once again to get convictions of known American Communists, who stand behind the Fifth Amendment during their Congressional testimonies to avoid self-incrimination.\nInvestigators Jim McLain (Wayne) and Mal Baxter (Arness) are sent to Hawaii to track Party activities, with hopes of gaining enough hard evidence against members there to earn convictions. They become interested in everything from insurance fraud to the sabotage of a U.S. naval vessel and plans to have local unions go on strike to prevent the loading and unloading of ships on the Honolulu docks.\nAfter receiving useful information from reporter Phil Briggs (Vernon \"Red\" McQueen), the agents begin searching for Willie Nomaka, a former party treasurer, who is being treated by psychiatrist Dr. Gelster (Gayne Whitman). The doctor's secretary, Nancy Vallon (Nancy Olson), is helpful, as well. McLain asks her on a date and a romance develops.\nNomaka disappears...ostensibly being treated for an (induced) nervous breakdown by Gelster.\nNomaka's landlady, the man-hungry Madge (Veda Ann Borg), assists in the investigation while flirting with McLain. Nomaka's ex-wife (Madame Soo Yong) is willing, but unable to help McLain. Nomaka is eventually found under another name in a sanitorium, heavily drugged and unable to speak. Party leader Sturak (Alan Napier) gives orders to Dr. Gelster to get rid of him, but before Gelster can McLain rescues Nomaka and takes him to safety. Still, he proves of no value to their investigation. Meanwhile, two of the communists kidnap Baxter, and Gelster accidentally kills him by giving him an injection of Sodium Pentothal truth serum seeking to learn how much he had discovered.\nIn spite of the trauma to McLain this causes, his campaign to wed the also enamored Nancy is undaunted.\nSturak orders the members of the communist cell to attend a meeting. He orders Gelster to confess his party membership to the authorities and identify several nonessential members of the \"cell\" so the government will believe that the cell has been destroyed and the others can continue their work. Those fingered, including Gelster, are unenthusiastic at being arrested and sacrificing themselves to the Party. The meeting is interrupted by McLain, who seeks out Gelster and punches him for killing Baxter. Vastly outnumbered, McLain is losing the brawl that follows, but the police arrive and place the communists under arrest. The men responsible for Baxter's death are convicted of murder, but ultimately McLain and Nancy see the others plead the Fifth Amendment and go free.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Wayne as Jim McLain\nJames Arness as Mal BaxterBig Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and James Arness as HUAC investigators hunting down communists in the post-war Hawaii organized labor scene. Edward Ludwig directed.BigBig Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and James Arness as HUAC investigators hunting down communists in the post-war Hawaii organized labor scene. Edward Ludwig directed. Edward Ludwig directed.\nThis was the first film in which Wayne played a contemporary law enforcement officer, instead of an Old West lawman. Near the end of his career, in the mid-1970s, he took on two more such roles, (Brannigan and McQ), each time playing an urban cop.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) fails once again to get convictions of known American Communists, who stand behind the Fifth Amendment during their Congressional testimonies to avoid self-incrimination.\nInvestigators Jim McLain (Wayne) and Mal Baxter (Arness) are sent to Hawaii to track Party activities, with hopes of gaining enough hard evidence against members there to earn convictions. They become interested in everything from insurance fraud to the sabotage of a U.S. naval vessel and plans to have local unions go on strike to prevent the loading and unloading of ships on the Honolulu docks.\nAfter receiving useful information from reporter Phil Briggs (Vernon \"Red\" McQueen), the agents begin searching for Willie Nomaka, a former party treasurer, who is being treated by psychiatrist Dr. Gelster (Gayne Whitman). The doctor's secretary, Nancy Vallon (Nancy Olson), is helpful, as well. McLain asks her on a date and a romance develops.\nNomaka disappears...ostensibly being treated for an (induced) nervous breakdown by Gelster.\nNomaka's landlady, the man-hungry Madge (Veda Ann Borg), assists in the investigation while flirting with McLain. Nomaka's ex-wife (Madame Soo Yong) is willing, but unable to help McLain. Nomaka is eventually found under another name in a sanitorium, heavily drugged and unable to speak. Party leader Sturak (Alan Napier) gives orders to Dr. Gelster to get rid of him, but before Gelster can McLain rescues Nomaka and takes him to safety. Still, he proves of no value to their investigation. Meanwhile, two of the communists kidnap Baxter, and Gelster accidentally kills him by giving him an injection of Sodium Pentothal truth serum seeking to learn how much he had discovered.\nIn spite of the trauma to McLain this causes, his campaign to wed the also enamored Nancy is undaunted.\nSturak orders the members of the communist cell to attend a meeting. He orders Gelster to confess his party membership to the authorities and identify several nonessential members of the \"cell\" so the government will believe that the cell has been destroyed and the others can continue their work. Those fingered, including Gelster, are unenthusiastic at being arrested and sacrificing themselves to the Party. The meeting is interrupted by McLain, who seeks out Gelster and punches him for killing Baxter. Vastly outnumbered, McLain is losing the brawl that follows, but the police arrive and place the communists under arrest. The men responsible for Baxter's death are convicted of murder, but ultimately McLain and Nancy see the others plead the Fifth Amendment and go free.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Wayne as Jim McLain\nJames Arness as Mal BaxterBig Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the film True Grit, what role did the individual who produced Big Jim McLain portray? | [
{
"id": 657913,
"question": "Big Jim McLain >> producer",
"answer": "John Wayne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 88628,
"question": "who did #1 play in true grit",
"answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn | [
"the US",
"America",
"USA",
"U.S.",
"United States",
"US"
] | true | Who did the producer of Big Jim McLain play in True Grit? |
2hop__47257_43786 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Washington Post",
"paragraph_text": " War. Reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the investigation into the break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters that developed into the Watergate scandal, which resulted in the 1974 resignation of President Richard Nixon. In October 2013, the Graham family sold the newspaper to Nash Holdings, a holding company owned by Jeff Bezos, forThe Washington Post is an American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877. It is the largest newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, and has a particular emphasis on national politics. Its slogan is ``Democracy Dies in Darkness. ''Daily broadsheet editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy in 1933 and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The Post's 1971 printing of the Pentagon Papers helped spur opposition to the Vietnam War. Reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the investigation into the break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters that developed into the Watergate scandal, which resulted in the 1974 resignation of President Richard Nixon. In October 2013, the Graham family sold the newspaper to Nash Holdings, a holding company owned by Jeff Bezos, for $250 million.\nAs of 2023, the newspaper had won the Pulitzer Prize 73 times for its work, the second-most of any publication after The New York Times. It is considered a newspaper of record in the U.S. Post journalists have received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards. The paper is well known for its political reporting and is one of the few remaining American newspapers to operate foreign bureaus, with international breaking news hubs in London and Seoul.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\nThe Washington Post is regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers along with The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government. It is considered a newspaper of record in the U.S.\nThe Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition due to shrinking circulation. The majority of its newsprint readership is in Washington, D.C., and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia.\nThe newspaper's 21 current foreign bureaus are in Baghdad, Beijing, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Cairo, Dakar, Hong Kong, Islamabad, Istanbul, Jerusalem, London, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Seoul, Tokyo, and Toronto. In November 2009, the newspaper announced the closure of three U.S. regional bureaus in Chicago, Los Angeles and New York City, as part of an increased focus on Washington, D.C.-based political stories and local news. The newspaper has local bureaus in Maryland (Annapolis, Montgomery County, Prince George's County, and Southern Maryland) and Virginia (Alexandria, Fairfax, Loudoun County, Richmond, and Prince William County).\nAs of March 2023, the Post's average printed weekday circulation is 139,232, making it the third largest newspaper in the country by circulation.\nFor many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos' Nash Holdings in 2013. Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street, along with 1515 L Street, 1523 L Street, and land beneath 1100 15th Street, for $159 million in November 2013. The Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW. In May 2014, The Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D.C.\nMary Jordan was the founding editor, head of content, and moderator for Washington Post Live,The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877. It is the largest newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, and has a particular emphasis on national politics. Its slogan is ``Democracy Dies in Darkness. ''Daily broadsheet editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia.The Washington Post, locally known as \"the Post\" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience.\nThe Post was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Law of holes",
"paragraph_text": "In 1983, Bill Brock was quoted \"Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\"\nIn the United Kingdom, it has been referred to as \"Healey's first law of holes\" after politician Denis Healey, who used the adage in the 1980s and later.\n\n\n== Malapropism ==\nOn 4 May 2024, British politician Suella Braverman wrote in The Telegraph: \"The hole to dig us out is the PM's, and it's time for him to start shovelling.\" According to The Guardian, this sentence \"does not make sense.\"\n\n\n== See also ==\nEscalation of commitment\nGresham's law\nSunk cost fallacy\n\n\n== References ==The law of holes, or the first law of holes, is an adage which states: \"if you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\" It is used as a metaphor, warning that when in an untenable position, it is best to stop making the situation worse.\n\n\n== Background ==\nWhen it is said, \"if you find yourself in a hole, stop digging\", it is because digging a hole makes it deeper and therefore harder to get out of. More generally, the adage advises how one should solve problems of their own making.\nThe second law of holes is commonly known as: \"when you stop digging, you are still in a hole.\"\n\n\n== Attribution ==\nThe adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated 25 October 1911, in the form: \"Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper...\"\nIn 1983, Bill Brock was quoted \"Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\"\nIn the United Kingdom, it has been referred to as \"Healey's first law of holes\" after politician Denis Healey, who used the adage in the 1980s and later.\n\n\n== Malapropism ==\nOn 4 May 2024, British politician Suella Braverman wrote in The Telegraph: \"The hole to dig us out is the PM's, and it's time for him to start shovelling.\" According to The Guardian, this sentence \"does not make sense.\"\n\n\n== See also ==\nEscalation of commitment\nGresham's law\nSunk cost fallacy\n\n\n== References ==The law of holes, or the first law of holes, is an adage which states: \"if you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\" It is used as a metaphor, warning that when in an untenable position, it is best to stop making the situation worse.\n\n\n== Background ==\nWhen it is said, \"if you find yourself in a hole, stop digging\", it is because digging a hole makes it deeper and therefore harder to get out of. More generally, the adage advises how one should solve problems of their own making.\nThe second law of holes is commonly known as: \"when you stop digging, you are still in a hole.\"\n\n\n== Attribution ==\nThe adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated 25 October 1911, in the form: \"Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper...\"\nIn 1983, Bill Brock was quoted \"Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\"\nIn the United Kingdom, it has been referred to as \"Healey's first law of holes\" after politician Denis Healey, who used the adage in the 1980s and later.\n\n\n== Malapropism ==\nThe adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated October 25, 1911, in the form: ``Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper... ''In The Bankers Magazine, it was published in 1964 as:`` Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.''The adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated October 25, 1911, in the form: ``Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper... ''In The Bankers Magazine, it was published in 1964 as:`` Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.'' adage advises how one should solve problems of their own making.\nThe second law of holes is commonly known as: \"when you stop digging, you are still in a hole.\"\n\n\n== Attribution ==\nThe adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated 25 October 1911, in the form: \"Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper...\"\nIn 1983, Bill Brock was quoted \"Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.\"\nIn the United Kingdom, it has been referred to as \"Healey's first law of holes\" after politician Denis Healey, who",
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] | What is the location of the headquarters for the newspaper that advises to cease digging when you find yourself in a hole? | [
{
"id": 47257,
"question": "who said if you find yourself in a hole stop digging",
"answer": "The Washington Post",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 43786,
"question": "where is #1 based out of",
"answer": "Washington, D.C.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
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] | Washington, D.C. | [
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"D.C.",
"District of Columbia"
] | true | Where is the base of the newspaper saying if you find yourself in a hole stop digging? |
2hop__77263_84616 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_text": ". Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and wasAudrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.8.\nPost-humously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Moon River",
"paragraph_text": " at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. In 1999, Mancini's recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.\nThe song has been recorded by many other artists. It became the theme song for Andy Williams, who first recorded it in 1962 (and performed it at the Academy Awards ceremony that year). He sang the first eight bars of the song at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his autobiography is called \"Moon River\" and Me. Williams' version was never released as a single, but it charted as an LP track that he recorded for Columbia on a hit album of 1962, Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes. In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress.\nThe song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time. The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs. Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons. Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, \"This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust. Or a romantic song in which the romantic partner is the idea of romance.\" An inlet near Savannah, Georgia, Johnny Mercer's hometown, was named Moon River in honor of him and this song.\n\n\n== Versions ==\n\n\n=== Original ===\nMercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and he connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul \"Fred\" Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, accompanying herself on the guitar while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.\nThere was an eruption of behind-the-scenes consternation when a Paramount Pictures executive, Martin Rackin, suggested removing the song from the film after a tepid Los Angeles preview. Hepburn's reaction was described by Mancini and others in degrees varying from her saying, \"Over my dead body!\" to her using more colorful language to make the same point.\nAn album version was recorded by Mancini and his orchestra and chorus (without Hepburn's vocal) on December 8, 1960. It was released as a single in 1961 and became a number 11 hit in December of that year. Due to unpublished charts in Billboard, Joel Whitburn's Top Adult (Contemporary) Songs variously reported the song as a number 3 or number 1 easy listening hit. Mancini's original version was also featured in the film Born on the Fourth of July (1989). In 1993, following Hepburn's death, her version was released on an album titled Music from the Films of Audrey Hepburn. In 2004, Hepburn's version finished at number 4 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.\n\n\n=== Early recordings ===\n\n\"Moon River\" was a hit single for Jerry Butler in late 1961. Released simultaneously with Mancini's, it reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 3 Easy Listening in December, two weeks before Mancini's recording reached the same chart ranking. British singer Danny Williams had a hit version of the song that reached number one in the UK in the final week of 1961.\nAlthough Andy Williams never released the song as a single, his LP Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes (1962), was certified gold in 1963 for selling one million units. The album reached number 3 on the Billboard Top 200, eventually selling more than two million copies by 1967. In 2002, a 74-year-old Andy Williams sang the song at the conclusion of the live NBC special telecast celebrating the network's 75th anniversary. In 2018, Andy Williams' version on Columbia Records was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2022, Andy Williams' recording of the song was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry.\n\n\n=== Chart history ===\nHenry Mancini & Orchestra\n\nJerry Butler\n\nDanny Williams\n\n\n== Later versions ==\nHundreds of versions of the song have been recorded and it has been featured in many media. Mercer recorded the song in 1974 for his album My Huckleberry Friend. In 2007, saxophonist Dave Koz recorded a version from his standards music album, At the Movies, sung by Barry Manilow. In 2013, Neil Finn and Paul Kelly performed the song on their Goin' Your Way Tour, during which their performance at the Sydney Opera House Concert Hall was recorded for the live album, Goin' Your Way, released the same year. The title of the album comes from a phrase in the song's chorus: \"Wherever you're goin', I'm goin' your way\". Lawrence Welk's 1961 instrumental version was featured in Mad Men season 6, episode 13, \"In Care Of\" (2013). A version of the song was featured in Asif Kapadia's documentary film, Amy (2015), about Amy Winehouse. Winehouse's version, sung at age 16 with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 2000, is the opening song in the film.\nThe Telegraph listed, among prominent covers of the song, those by Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Sarah Vaughan, Louis Armstrong, Sarah Brightman and Chevy Chase (in the comedy film Fletch",
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] | What did the vocalist for "Moon River" in "Breakfast at Tiffany's" earn a Tony Award for? | [
{
"id": 77263,
"question": "who sings moon river breakfast at tiffany's",
"answer": "Audrey Hepburn",
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{
"id": 84616,
"question": "what did #1 won a tony for",
"answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
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] | for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine | [
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] | true | For what did the singer of Moon River in Breakfast at Tiffany's win a Tony? |
2hop__57638_88526 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2007 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "reshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while OdenFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio StateFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball League (United States) season scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual steals leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\n\nSpecificIn basketball, points are accumulated through free throws or field goals. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season. The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1968–69 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead. The three-point field goal was introduced in the NBA at the start of the 1979–80 season. To qualify for the scoring title, a player must appear in at least 58 games (out of 82). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball League (United States) season scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual steals leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\n\nSpecificIn basketball, points are accumulated through free throws or field goals. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season. The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1968–69 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead. The three-point field goal was introduced in the NBA at the start of the 1979–80 season. To qualify for the scoring title, a player must appear in at least 58 games (out of 82). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls",
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] | Which player was selected in the NBA draft prior to the one who holds the record for the highest average points in NBA history? | [
{
"id": 57638,
"question": "who has the highest point average in nba history",
"answer": "Kevin Durant",
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"id": 88526,
"question": "who was picked before #1 in the nba draft",
"answer": "Greg Oden",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
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] | Greg Oden | [] | true | Who was picked in the NBA draft before the player with the highest point average in NBA history? |
2hop__64537_482364 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Aeson",
"paragraph_text": "son is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, watercraft, or forests. The crime is typically classified as a felony, with instances involving risk to human life or property carrying a stricter penalty. Arson which results in death can be further prosecuted as manslaughter or murder. A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud. In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy.\nA person who commits arson is referred to as an arsonist, or a serial arsonist if arson has been committed several times. Arsonists normally use an accelerant (such as gasoline or kerosene) to ignite, propel, and direct fires, and the detection and identification of ignitable liquid residues is an important part of fire investigations. Pyromania is an impulse control disorder characterized by the pathological setting of fires. Most acts of arson are not committed by pyromaniacs.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe term derives from Law French arsoun (late 13th century), from Old French arsion, from Late Latin ��rsiōnem \"a burning,\" (acc.) from the verb ardēre, \"to burn.\"\nThe Old English term was bærnet, lit. \"burning\"; and Edward Coke has indictment of burning (1640). Arsonist is from 1864.\n\n\n== English common law ==\nEnglish Common Law defines arson as \"the malicious burning of the dwelling of another.\"\nThis definition has four elements:\n\nMalicious\nFor purposes of common law arson, \"malicious\" refers to intention of starting the fire. Fires can be started on purpose or by accident. In either case, there is legal precedent charge the guilty person with arson whether their intention was to start a fire or not. \"Malicious\" in this case is describing the intention of the arsonist as ill-intentioned and intending to cause harm or death.\nBurning\nAccording to common law charring to any part of dwelling was sufficient to satisfy this element. No significant amount of damage to the dwelling was required. Any injury or damage to the structure caused by exposure to heat or flame is sufficient.\nOf the dwelling\n'Dwelling' refers to a place of residence. The destruction of an unoccupied building was not considered arson: \"... since arson protected habitation, the burning of an unoccupied house did not constitute arson.\" At common law a structure did not become a residence until the first occupants had moved in, and ceased to be a dwelling if the occupants abandoned the premises with no intention of resuming their residency. Dwelling includes structures and outbuildings within the curtilage. Dwellings were not limited to houses. A barn could be the subject of arson if occupied as a dwelling.\nOf another\nBurning one's own dwelling does not constitute common law arson, even if the purpose was to collect insurance, because \"it was generally assumed in early England that one had the legal right to destroy his own property in any manner he chose\". Moreover, for purposes of common law arson, possession or occupancy rather than title determines whose dwelling the structure is. Thus a tenant who sets fire to his rented house would not be guilty of common law arson, while the landlord who set fire to a rented dwelling house would be guilty.\n\n\n== Degrees ==\nMany U.S. state legal systems and the legal systems of several other countries divide arson into degrees, depending sometimes on the value of the property but more commonly on its use and whether the crime was committed in the day or night.\n\nFirst-degree arson – Burning an occupied structure such as a school or a place where people are normally present\nSecond-degree arson – Burning an unoccupied building such as an empty barn or an unoccupied house or other structure in order to claim insurance on such property\nThird-degree arson – Burning an abandoned building or an abandoned area, such as a field, forest or woods.\nMany statutes vary the degree of the crime according to the criminal intent of the accused. Some US states use other degrees of arson, such as \"fourth\" and \"fifth\" degree, while some states do not categorize arson by any degree. For example, in the state of Tennessee, arson is categorized as \"arson\" and \"aggravated arson.\"\n\n\n== Insurance fraud ==\nA common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud. In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy.\nAn example of insurance fraud being the motivating factor for an act of arson is the case for Operation Firebird. A married couple and 4 co-conspirators were arrested and convicted with arson and insurance fraud after a string of home, business, and warehouse fires which took place between 2014 and 2018 were exposed as acts of arson. Using chicken left in boiling frying oil, the convicted criminals would make fire seem like a cooking accident. Then, the group committed insurance fraud by filing insurance claims for the cost of the building, as well as, smoke-damaged goods to claim fire damages for insurance payouts. The group's scheme claimed a reported $4 million and ended when authorities were tipped off of on where the location of the next planned incident would take place. Police then performed an investigation dubbed Operation Firebird with the San Jose Fire Department. According to a 2019 Press Release from the California Department of Insurance, Tyler and Kim Chen, Ha Nguyen, Sandy Ngo, Duyen Pham, and Trang Huynh were all convicted with various degrees of arson and insurance fraud.\nTyler Chen was convicted with five separate counts of arson and two separate counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara County in 2018. Tyler Chen's wife, Kim Chen, was convicted with two counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara county.\n\n\n== By region ==\n\n\n=== United States ===\n\nIn the United States, the common law elements of arson are often varied in different jurisdictions. For example, the element of \"dwelling\" is no longer required in most states, and arson occurs by the burning of any real property without consent or with unlawful intent. Arson is prosecuted with attention to degreeDuring Jason's absence, Pelias intended to kill Aeson. However, Aeson committed suicide by drinking bull's blood. His wife killed herself as well, and Pelias murdered their infant son Promachus.During Jason's absence, Pelias intended to kill Aeson. However, Aeson committed suicide by drinking bull's blood. His wife killed herself as well, and Pelias murdered their infant son Promachus.Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, watercraft, or forests. The crime is typically classified as a felony, with instances involving risk to human life or property carrying a stricter penalty. Arson which results in death can be further prosecuted as manslaughter or murder. A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud. In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy.\nA person who commits arson is referred to as an arsonist, or a serial arsonist if arson has been committed several times. Arsonists normally use an accelerant (such as gasoline or kerosene) to ignite, propel, and direct fires, and the detection and identification of ign",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Big Brother 19 (American season)",
"paragraph_text": "ptation turned red. However, nobody accepted the temptation. On Day 66, Jason nominated Matt and Raven, with Matt as the target. On Day 67, Jason, Matt, Raven, Josh, Paul, and Kevin went on the lookout in the Hide and Go Veto Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests had three minutes to individually hide their locked veto card in the House. Then, one at a time, HouseGuests entered the House and had one minute to attempt to find a veto card. If a HouseGuest's veto card is found, they will be eliminated, though the owner of the veto cards will not be revealed until the end of the competition. The HouseGuest who hides their veto card the best will win the Power of Veto. Jason was the winner. On Day 69, Jason decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 71, Matt broke the Have - Not rules and earned a penalty vote on eviction night. On Day 72, Matt was evicted by a 6 - 0 vote. He became the fourth member of the jury.BigFollowing Mark's eviction, the HouseGuests were splattered in the Everyone's A Wiener Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must brace themselves with handholds and footholds inside their hot dog bun. The last HouseGuest standing will be the new Head of Household. Jason was the winner. For being the first two people to drop in the Head of Household competition, Kevin and Matt became Have - Nots for the week. On Day 66, the Tree of Temptation turned red. However, nobody accepted the temptation. On Day 66, Jason nominated Matt and Raven, with Matt as the target. On Day 67, Jason, Matt, Raven, Josh, Paul, and Kevin went on the lookout in the Hide and Go Veto Power of Veto competition. In this competition, HouseGuests had three minutes to individually hide their locked veto card in the House. Then, one at a time, HouseGuests entered the House and had one minute to attempt to find a veto card. If a HouseGuest's veto card is found, they will be eliminated, though the owner of the veto cards will not be revealed until the end of the competition. The HouseGuest who hides their veto card the best will win the Power of Veto. Jason was the winner. On Day 69, Jason decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 71, Matt broke the Have - Not rules and earned a penalty vote on eviction night. On Day 72, Matt was evicted by a 6 - 0 vote. He became the fourth member of the jury.PoV\") competition: the reigning HoH, the nominees, and three other HouseGuests chosen by random draw. The winner of the PoV competition has the right to either revoke the nomination of one of the nominated HouseGuests or leave them as is. If the veto winner uses this power, the HoH must immediately nominate another HouseGuest for eviction. The PoV",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal figure of the individual who shares a name with the victor of the Big Brother hot dog contest? | [
{
"id": 64537,
"question": "who won the hot dog challenge on big brother",
"answer": "Jason",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 482364,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Aeson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Aeson | [] | true | Who is the father of the man with the same name as the Big Brother hot dog challenge winner? |
4hop2__71753_729371_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Operation Praying Mantis",
"paragraph_text": "1987–88 effort to protect reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers from Iranian attacks during the Iran–Iraq WarAccording to Bradley Peniston, the attack by the U.S. helped pressure Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year conflict between the Persian Gulf neighbors. four days earlier.\nOn 14 April, the American guided missile frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts struck a mine while transiting international waters as part of Operation Earnest Will, the 1987–88 effort to protect reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers from Iranian attacks during the Iran–Iraq War. The explosion pierced the hull and broke the keel of the Samuel B. Roberts, which nearly sank but was saved by its crew with no loss of life.\nAfter the serial numbers of mines recovered in the area were found to match those of mines seized on an Iranian barge the previous September, U.S. military officials",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers theThe area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor Eber), ZionIsrael (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area directly above the territory housing Israel and the site of Operation Earnest Will founded? | [
{
"id": 71753,
"question": "what region of the world is israel located",
"answer": "Middle East,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 729371,
"question": "Operation Earnest Will >> location",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region immediately north of the region home to Israel and the location of Operation Earnest Will established? |
3hop2__132957_52222_40768 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from theirSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Automotive industry",
"paragraph_text": "Rank Group Country Vehicles Toyota Japan 10,213,486 Volkswagen Group Germany 10,126,281 Hyundai South Korea 7,889,538 General Motors United States 7,793,066 5 Ford United States 6,429,485 6 Nissan Japan 5,556,241 7 Honda Japan 4,999,266 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4,681,457 9 Renault France 3,373,278 10 PSA France 3,152,787 11 Suzuki Japan 2,945,295 12 SAIC China 2,566,793 13 Daimler Germany 2,526,450 14 BMW Germany 2,359,756 15 Changan China 1,715,871 a stationary car, to a conveyor belt system where the car passed through multiple stations of more specialized engineers. Starting in the 1960s, robotic equipment was introduced to the process, and most cars are now mainly assembled by automated machinery.\nFor many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production, with the U.S. Big Three General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler being the world's three largest auto manufacturers for a time, and G.M. and Ford remaining the two largest until the mid-2000s. In 1929, before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, of which the U.S. automobile enterprises produced more than 90%. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After 1945, the U.S. produced around three-quarters of the world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production during 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also China, which in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2023, China had for the first time in history more than 30 million produced vehicles a year, after reaching 29 million for the first time in 2017 and 28 million the year beforeRank Group Country Vehicles Toyota Japan 10,213,486 Volkswagen Group Germany 10,126,281 Hyundai South Korea 7,889,538 General Motors United States 7,793,066 5 Ford United States 6,429,485 6 Nissan Japan 5,556,241 7 Honda Japan 4,999,266 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4,681,457 9 Renault France 3,373,278 10 PSA France 3,152,787 11 Suzuki Japan 2,945,295 12 SAIC China 2,566,793 13 Daimler Germany 2,526,450 14 BMW Germany 2,359,756 15 Changan China ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Acura Legend",
"paragraph_text": "-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are \"evil spirits, demons and opponents of the gods\". Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Indo-Iranian mythology about the battle between good and evil.\nAccording to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word Asura was borrowed from Proto-Indo-Aryan into Proto-Uralic during an early period of contact, in the form *asera-, showing a meaning \"lord, prince\".\n\n\n== In Hindu literature ==\n\n\n=== Rig Veda ===\nBhargava states the word, asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs \"88 times in the Rig Veda, 71 times in the singular number, 4 times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and 3 times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, isThe Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend. Varuna, while the malevolent ones are called Danavas and are led by Vritra.:��4�� \nIn the earliest layer of Vedic texts Agni, Indra and other gods are also called Asuras, in the sense of their being \"lords\" of their respective domains, knowledge and abilities. In later Vedic and post-Vedic texts, the benevolent gods are called Devas, while malevolent Asuras compete against these Devas and are considered \"enemy of the gods\".:��4��\nAsuras are part of Hinduism along with Devas, Yakshas (nature spirits), Rakshasas (fierce man-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are \"evil spirits, demons and opponents of the gods\". Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Indo-Iranian mythology about the battle between good and evil.\nAccording to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word Asura was borrowed from Proto-Indo-Aryan into Proto-Uralic during an early period of contact, in the form *asera-, showing a meaning \"lord, prince\".\n\n\n== In Hindu literature ==\n\n\n=== Rig Veda ===\nBhargava states the word, asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs \"88 times in the Rig Veda, 71 times in the singular number, 4 times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and 3 times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, is included twice. The word, asurya, has been used 19 times as an abstract noun, while the abstract form asuratva occurs 24 times, 22 times in one hymn and twice each in two other hymns\".\nBhargava gives a count of the word use for every Vedic deity: Asura is used as an adjective meaning \"powerful\" or \"mighty\". In the Rig Veda, two generous kings – as well as some priests – have been described as asuras. One hymn requests a son who is an asura. In nine hymns, Indra is described as asura. He is said to possess asurya 5 times, and once he is said to possess asuratva. Agni has total of 12 asura descriptions, Varuna has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What year did the creators of Acura Legend and Nissan, the world's largest car manufacturer, establish manufacturing facilities in the United States? | [
{
"id": 132957,
"question": "Who made Acura Legend?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 52222,
"question": "what is the biggest automobile company in the world",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #1 , #2 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did the maker of Acura Legend, the biggest automobile company in the world, and Nissan open US assembly plants? |
3hop1__671542_665330_47686 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThroughThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Darlings (Kevin Drew album)",
"paragraph_text": "Darlings is the second solo album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014.Darlings is the second solo album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014.Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Kevin Drew",
"paragraph_text": " Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton, Amy Millan, and Jason Collett.\nThe group's sound combines elements of all of its members' respective musical projects, and is occasionally considered baroque pop. It includes grand orchestrations featuring guitars, horns, woodwinds, and violins, unusual song structures, and an experimental, and sometimes chaotic production style from David Newfeld, who produced the second and third albums.\nStuart Berman's This Book Is Broken (2009) covers the band from its inception to its critical acclaim. In 2010, Bruce McDonald made This Movie Is Broken, a movie about the band's Harbourfront show during the 2009 Toronto strike.\nThe collective and their respective projects have had a broad influence on alternative music and indie rock during the early 21st century, in 2021 Pitchfork listed the band among the \"most important artists\" of the last 25 years.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Feel Good Lost ===\nThe band was formed in 1999 by core members Kevin Drew and Brendan Canning. This duo recorded and released the band's ambient debut album, Feel Good Lost, on Noise Factory Records in 2001, with contributions by Justin Peroff, Charles Spearin, Bill Priddle, Leslie Feist, Jessica Moss and Stars' Evan Cranley.\nDrew and Canning's material at the time was almost entirely instrumental, so they brought together musicians from the Toronto indie scene, the album contributors as well as Andrew Whiteman, Jason Collett, and Metric's Emily Haines, to flesh out their live show with lyrics and vocals. Over time, the band came to include contributions from James Shaw, Justin Peroff, John Crossingham, and Stars member Amy Millan.\n\n\n=== You Forgot It in People ===\nAll of the musicians from the live show joined Drew, Canning, Peroff and Spearin to record the band's second album, You Forgot It in People. The album was produced by David Newfeld and released on Paper Bag Records in October 2002 and won the Alternative Album of the Year Juno Award in 2003. The album also included musical contributions by Priddle, Jessica Moss, Brodie West, Susannah Brady and Ohad Benchetrit, but these were credited as supporting musicians rather than band members. On the supporting tour, the core band consisted of Drew, Canning, Peroff, Whiteman and Jason Collett, along whichever band members were available on each show date.\nIn 2003, the B-sides and remix collection Bee Hives was released.\nBroken Social Scene's song \"Lover's Spit\" from 2002's You Forgot It inKevin Drew (born September 9, 1976) is a Canadian musician and songwriter who, together with Brendan Canning, founded the expansive Toronto baroque-pop collective Broken Social Scene. He was also part of the lesser-known KC Accidental, which consisted of Drew and Charles Spearin, another current member of Broken Social Scene. Peroff (drums), Andrew Whiteman (guitar) and Charles Spearin (guitar).\nMost of its members play in various other groups and solo projects, mainly in the city of Toronto. These associated acts include Metric, Feist, Stars, Apostle of Hustle, Do Make Say Think, KC Accidental, Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton, Amy Millan, and Jason Collett.\nThe group's sound combines elements of all of its members' respective musical projects, and is occasionally considered baroque pop. It includes grand orchestrations featuring guitars, horns, woodwinds, and violins, unusual song structures, and an experimental, and sometimes chaotic production style from David Newfeld, who produced the second and third albums.\nStuart Berman's This Book Is Broken (2009) covers the band from its inception to its critical acclaim. In 2010, Bruce McDonald made This Movie Is Broken, a movie about the band's Harbourfront show during the 2009 Toronto strike.\nThe collective and their respective projects have had a broad influence on alternative music and indie rock during the early 21st century, in 2021 Pitchfork listed the band among the \"most important artists\" of the last 25 years.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Feel Good Lost ===\nThe band was formed in 1999 by core members Kevin Drew and Brendan Canning. This duo recorded and released the band's ambient debut album, Feel Good Lost, on Noise Factory Records in 2001, with contributions by Justin Peroff, Charles Spearin, Bill Priddle, Leslie Feist, Jessica Moss and Stars' Evan Cranley.\nDrew and Canning's material at the time was almost entirely instrumental, so they brought together musicians from the Toronto indie scene, the album contributors as well as Andrew Whiteman, Jason Collett,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the city that birthed the creator of Darlings, from where do the greyhound buses depart? | [
{
"id": 671542,
"question": "Darlings >> performer",
"answer": "Kevin Drew",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 665330,
"question": "#1 >> location of formation",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Toronto Coach Terminal | [] | true | Where do greyhound buses leave from in the city where the performer of Darlings formed? |
2hop__14_59409 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "lining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Barack Obama's second inauguration and headlining the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where there were expectations she would debut new music, although these rumors never materialized. She also released a self-directed autobiographical documentary in February, entitled Life Is But a Dream.\n\nIn March 2013, a two-part hip hop track entitled \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was released onto Beyoncé's SoundCloud account. \"Bow Down\", produced by Hit-Boy, was written after Beyoncé woke up one morning with a chant stuck in her head, feeling angry and defensive. This was melded with a Timbaland-produced second half \"I Been On\" that makes prominent use of a pitch-distorted vocal as a homage to the Houston hip hop scene. Michael Cragg of The Guardian described the song as \"brilliantly odd\", commending its loud, abrasive production, while Pitchfork's Lindsay Zoladz noted the song's assertiveness and believed it served as an introduction of what was to come. \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was perceived as a significant departure from Beyoncé's existing catalogue, particularly for its aggressive nature. The song's atmosphere and its controversial \"Bow down, bitches\" refrain drew a mixed reaction from those who questioned whether the lyric was aimed at women or merely a moment of braggadocio. Beyoncé clarified after the album's release, where elements of \"Bow Down\" appear on the track \"Flawless\", that the song and its refrain were intended as a statement of female empowerment.\nNeither Beyoncé or her representatives commented on the release of \"Bow Down/I Been On\", and many journalists questioned the nature of its release in the context of the release of her upcoming album. Further confusion was created when portions of other tracks \"Grown Woman\" and \"Standing on the Sun\" were used for television advertising campaigns, with a similar lack of explanation as to their purpose. Through much of 2013, the media intermittently reported that the album was delayed or scrapped, with one story alleging Beyoncé had scrapped fifty songs in favor of starting again. In July 2013, a spokesperson for Beyoncé denied speculation that her album had been delayed, stating there was no official release date to begin with and that when a date is set, it would be announced via an official press release. There was considerable confusion among music journalists and fans as Beyoncé engaged in extensive touring, while not discussing the album or its release.\n\n\n== Recording and production ==\nThe original plan was to create the entire album in a month and a half, but in the end it took a year and a half. Beyoncé rented a 40-bedroom mansion for the recording process. Recording sessions began in the summer of 2012 in the Hamptons, New York, where Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z were living. She invited the \"world's best\" producers and songwriters to accompany them, including Sia, Timbaland, Eric Bellinger, Benny Blanco, Ryan Tedder, Justin Timberlake and The-Dream. Beyoncé described the atmosphere as unconventional, saying, \"we had dinners with the producers every day, like a family ... it was like a camp. Weekends off. You could go and jump in the pool and ride bikes ... the ocean and grass and sunshine ... it was really a safe place.\" She would spend the majority of her day with her newborn daughter, taking some hours out to record music. The album's opening track \"Pretty Hurts\", co-written by Sia, was completed during these sessions. The project was suspended until 2013 and relocated to Jungle City and Oven Studios in New York City, where most of the album was recorded. In an interview for Vogue in January 2013, Jason Gay described Beyoncé's attention to detail as \"obsessive\" when observing her studio, noting the vision boards she created for inspiration, which contained potential song titles, old album covers and pictures of performances.\n\nIn mid-2013, a relatively unknown artist Boots, signed a publishing deal with Jay-Z's Roc Nation. In an interview for Pitchfork after the album's release, Boots was coy when answering questions about how Beyoncé discovered his demo or of his work previous to the project, only confirming his signing. In June 2013, they met in person for the first time and BootsFollowing the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits \"Déjà Vu\", \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.BFollowing the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits \"Déjà Vu\", \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes. electronic and soul music. Throughout this period, the album's songs and videos were composed in strict secrecy as Beyoncé devised an unexpected release. Beyoncé's desire to assert her full artistic freedom served as inspiration for the album's dark, personal subject matter, which incorporated feminist themes of sex, monogamy, beauty standards and relationship problems.\nBeyoncé was released digitally on the iTunes Store, early in the day and without prior announcement or promotion, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, earning Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album sold over 617,000 copies in the United States and 828,773 copies worldwide in its first three days of sales, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of the iTunes Store up to that point. In the 19 days between the album's release and the end of 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Song Cry",
"paragraph_text": " \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\"In an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses. studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\nThe song is a slow and quiet melodic rap ballad in which Jay-Z laments the break-up of an earlier relationship due to his own neglect and infidelity. Admitting that he is too prideful to publicly display his emotions (\"I can't see 'em coming down my eyes\"), Jay-Z forces the song to \"cry\" instead. This allows Jay-Z to mourn the break-up free of any damage to his masculine image as a street hustler. This furthers the notion that emotional vulnerability is a sign of weakness, especially within the Black community, as Black men in particular suppress vulnerability \"in order to survive.\"\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nThe live performance of \"Song Cry\" from Jay-Z's 2001 MTV Unplugged album features female vocalist Jaguar Wright singing a sample of \"Sounds Like a Love Song\" by Bobby Glenn, though Wright is not identified in the liner notes of the album.\nDuring his 2006 Water for Life Tour, Jay-Z performed \"Song Cry\" at the Royal Albert Hall, the venue's first ever hip hop show. American actress Gwyneth Paltrow did the chorus.\nThe song was also included on the set-lists of his all-stadium tours On the Run Tour in 2014 and OTR II in 2018, both with co-headliner and wife Beyoncé.\n\n\n== Credits and personnel ==\nThe credits for \"Song Cry\" are adapted from the liner notes of The Blueprint.\n\nStudio locations\nMastered at Masterdisk, New York City, New York.\nMixed and recorded at Baseline Studios, New York City, New York.\nPersonnel\nJay-Z – songwriting, vocals\nJust Blaze – production, songwriting\nDouglas Gibbs – songwriting\nRalph Johnson – songwriting\nYoung Guru – recording\nShane Woodley – recording assistant\nJason Goldstein – mixing\nTony Dawsey – mastering\nSamples\n\"Song Cry\" contains samples of \"Sounds Like a Love Song\", as performed by Bobby Glenn and written by Douglas Gibbs and Ralph Johnson.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of songs recorded by Jay-Z\n\n\n== References ==\"Song Cry\" is",
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}
] | In the song 'Cry,' who was the spouse of Beyonce referring to? | [
{
"id": 14,
"question": "Who is Beyoncé married to?",
"answer": "Jay Z",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 59409,
"question": "who was #1 talking about in song cry",
"answer": "three different relationships he had in the past",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | three different relationships he had in the past | [] | true | Who was Beyonce's husband talking about in the the song Cry? |
4hop2__161602_426860_88460_20988 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking PyFor most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups,",
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournamentOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered",
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "That Dam",
"paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black StupaThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What is the notable dispute between the nation that was the tournament host and the nation linked to That Dam? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 426860,
"question": "That Dam >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 20988,
"question": "What major conflict is #3 known for?",
"answer": "one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. | [] | true | What major conflict is the country between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where That Dam is from known for? |
2hop__51965_165532 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)",
"paragraph_text": " It was theatrically released by Paramount Pictures on October 5, 1961, to critical and commercial success.\nThe film was nominated for five Academy Awards (winning two), with the music (including \"Moon River\") nominated for six Grammy Awards (winning five). In 2012, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nJust after dawn a taxi pulls up in front of the Tiffany & Co. flagship store in New York and from it emerges elegantly dressed Holly Golightly, carrying a paper bag containing her breakfast. After looking into the store's window displays, she strolls to her apartment and has to fend off her date from the night before.\nOnce inside, Holly cannot find her keys, so she buzzes her landlord, Mr. Yunioshi, to let her in. Later, she is awakened by new neighbor Paul Varjak, who rings her doorbell to get into the building. The pair talk asGeorge Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed ``Fred ''by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother) - Writer - New neighbor and kept man of`` 2E''George Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed ``Fred ''by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother) - Writer - New neighbor and kept man of`` 2E'' the same name, and starring Audrey Hepburn as Holly Golightly, a naïve, eccentric café society girl who falls in love with a struggling writer while attempting to marry for money. It was theatrically released by Paramount Pictures on October 5, 1961, to critical and commercial success.\nThe film was nominated for five Academy Awards (winning two), with the music (including \"Moon River\") nominated",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Five Days from Home",
"paragraph_text": " parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. JustFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.FFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner..\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. JustFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.Five Days from Home is a 1978 American drama film directed, produced and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. Just days before Christmas, Pryor hits a prison guard, escapes and heads for the Louisiana swamps. Avoiding the tracking teams assisted by dogs, Pryor makes it to the highway where he hitches a farm truck ride to the nearest town. In town he breaks into a sporting goods store where he takes two firearms and ammo, a knife and hunting clothing leaving an IOU note in lieu of payment. Over the radio he gets the latest news and learns that someone has killed the prison guard who tried to prevent his escape from prison. It's obvious that someone is trying to pin the prison murder on him and frame him. Meanwhile, Louisiana's governor assigns Pryor's escape case to Inspector Markley, a tracking specialist. Inspector Markley decides to start the pursuit in Texas, on a hunch that Pryor might be heading that way in order to reach California. Things get even more complicated when Pryor starts carjacking people and taking hostages in his obsessive aim to reach his injured son in Los Angeles before Christmas.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nIn November 1977 Peppard announced he wanted to direct and star in The Long Escape. \"Directing is something I've wanted to do a long time,\" he said.\nPeppard later said he decided to direct because \"I couldn't hire anyone else as cheaply\" and says the experience \"somehow cleared my head of all the negative feelings I had towards acting.\"\nPeppard made the film with much of his own money. He later stated that it cost $1 million to produce. \"I'm quite proud of it,\" he said in 1979. \"I sold many assets to help make it but I don't mind. It was the best time of my life. Maybe it would have been a better film with a better script - I don't know - but I just didn't have any money to spare.\" He later said he disliked acting and directing at the same time.\nPeppard said he wrote most of the script but did not take credit. \"That would be too much of an ego trip.\"\nHis then wife Sherry Boucher played a small role and Bocher's sister Savannah was cast as Peppard's love interest.\nIn December 1977 the film was sold to Universal, by which time Peppard and Boucher were separated. This was attributed to the stress of making the movie.\nPeppard said he sold the film for $1,250,000, thus allowing him to repay his investors within nine months of the sale.\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film received a regional release on April 21, 1978, opening in eight cities in Arizona, Louisiana and Mississippi before expanding into Southern and Central states before opening in Los Angeles on March 9, 1979.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nThe Los Angeles Times said the film was \"calculated to warm the cockles of every heart in sight... pleasantly insignificant\".\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nBill Conti's love theme Come With Me Now was the inspiration to the theme tune to Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, hosted by the late Robin Leach. It had also been used as one of the theme songs for local morning program AM Los Angeles on KABC-TV.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFive Days from Home at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films\nFive Days from Home at IMDb\nFive Days from Home at TCMDBFive Days from Home is a 1978 American drama film directed, produced and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to",
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}
] | Who is the partner of the actor portraying the role of Paul in Breakfast at Tiffany's? | [
{
"id": 51965,
"question": "who plays paul in breakfast at tiffany's",
"answer": "George Peppard",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 165532,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Sherry Boucher",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Sherry Boucher | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actor who plays Paul in Breakfast at Tiffany's? |
2hop__93230_319887 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jason Keng-Kwin Chan",
"paragraph_text": "fest for this drama.\nTheir second drama \"Perfect Girl\" was created as a 10 x 5-8min web series. This series went on to win 7 international awards from 16 nominations. Jason was credited as writer and composer,Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts, studying ballet, contemporary dance, and jazz dance at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. After graduating, he obtained his Fellowship in General Practice and worked as a General Practitioner for a few years before gaining a place in the renowned National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney (other graduates include: Mel Gibson, Cate Blanchett, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann and Hugo Weaving) where he obtained a Bachelor of Dramatic Arts in Acting. He is the co-founder of the Production Company \"BananaMana Films\" along with Christian Lee. Chan currently resides in Singapore. he obtained his Fellowship in General Practice and worked as a General Practitioner for a few years before attending the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney, where he obtained a Bachelor of Dramatic Arts in Acting. He co-founded BananaMana Films with Christian Lee. Chan currently resides in Singapore.\n\n\n== Current Work ==\nSince co-founding BananaMana Films, Jason has gone on to write, direct, edit and produce for various projects. The first series he co-wrote, directed, produced and acted in was a web series: \"What Do Men Want?\". However, prior to production the national broadcaster of Singapore asked to have it converted into a full-length TV series and it aired in 2014 as a 13 x half hour Romantic comedic TV drama. Jason and Christian won an outstanding directing in a drama series award at LA Webfest for this drama.\nTheir second drama \"Perfect Girl\" was created as a 10 x 5-8min web series. This series went on to win 7 international awards from 16 nominations. Jason was credited as writer and composer, and shared directing and editing credits.\nRecently, Jason has co-written, directed and scored a TV pilot \"Bang Bang Club\" which has gone on to win a Platinum REMI award at the Worldfest Houston International Film Festival 2016. Jason was also nominated for Best Editing and Best Original Score for this project at the Indie Series Awards (LA) 2016.\n\n\n== Awards ==\nJason has been a recipient of numerous awards and nominations in various categories: writing, directing, acting, editing, composing.\nAwards\n\nPlatinum Remi (Houston International Film Fest 2016)\nOutstanding Writing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Directing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Editing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Drama Series (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Drama (Toronto Webfest 2015)\nBest International Series (Atlanta Webfest 2014)\nNominations\n\nBest Editing (Indie Series Awards 2016)\nBest Score (Indie Series Awards Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts, studying ballet, contemporary dance, and jazz dance at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. After graduating, he obtained his Fellowship in General Practice and worked as a General Practitioner for a few years before gaining a place in the renowned National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney (other graduates include: Mel Gibson, Cate Blanchett, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann and Hugo Weaving) where he obtained a Bachelor of Dramatic Arts in Acting. He is the co-founder of the Production Company \"BananaMana Films\" along with Christian Lee. Chan currently resides in Singapore.Jason Keng-Kwin Chan (born December 1, 1971) is a Malaysian actor best known for his role as Cameron Watanabe, the Green Samurai Ranger, as well as his clone, Cyber Cam, in Power Rangers: Ninja Storm.\nHe is currently a multi-award-winning writer, director, composer and actor based in Singapore. He is co-founder of BananaMana Films, a Singaporean studio that produces Asian dramas in English for global distribution.\n\n\n== Background & Training ==\nBorn in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Western Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Pocahontas (1995 film)",
"paragraph_text": " Jeffrey Katzenberg decided that the film should be an emotional romantic epic in the vein of Beauty and the Beast (1991), in hope that like Beauty, it would also be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Screenwriters Binder, Grant, and LaZebnik took creative liberties with history in an attempt to make the film palatable to audiences.\nPocahontas premiered at Central Park on June 10, 1995, and was released in the United States on June 16, to mixed reactions from critics and audiences, who praised its animation, voice performances, and music, but criticized its story with its lack of focus on tone. The film's historical inaccuracies and artistic license received polarized responses. Pocahontas earned over $346 million at the box office. The film received two Academy Awards for Best Musical or Comedy Score for Menken and Best Original Song for \"Colors of the Wind\". According to critics, the depiction of Pocahontas as an empowered heroine influenced subsequent Disney films like Mulan (1998) and Frozen (2013). The film was followed by a direct-to-video sequel, Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World, in 1998.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1607, the Susan Constant travels from London to the New World, carrying English settlers from the Virginia Company. The settlers, including Captain John Smith, talk of adventure, finding gold, fighting \"Injuns\" and potentially settling in the new land.\nIn the Powhatan tribe in Werowocomoco, Tsenacommacah, Virginia, Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, fears being possibly wed to Kocoum, a warrior whom she sees as too serious for her own free-spirited personality. After having a dream about a spinning arrow, Pocahontas visits Grandmother Willow, a talking willow tree that alerts her to the arriving English.\nThe voyage's leader Governor Ratcliffe, who seeks only wealth and status, has Jamestown built in a wooded clearing and immediately has the crewmen dig for gold. John departs to explore the wilderness and encounters Pocahontas. At first, she speaks to him in Powhatan, but soon, he gains her trust. They quickly bond, fascinated by each other's worlds, and end up falling in love. After a fight between settlers and natives, Powhatan orders the natives to stay away from the Englishmen. Pocahontas, however, disobeys him and keeps meeting with John. Unfortunately, Pocahontas's best friend, Nakoma, discovers the secret relationship and warns Kocoum. Ratcliffe also learns of John's encounters and angrily warns him against sparing any Natives.\nLater, John and Pocahontas meet with Grandmother Willow and plan to bring peace between the colonists and the tribe. While both partiesPocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures, the 33rd Disney animated feature film. Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg, the film is inspired by the Native American woman Pocahontas, and portrays a fictionalized account of her historical encounter with Englishman John Smith and the Jamestown settlers that arrived from the Virginia Company. The voice cast stars Irene Bedard and Mel Gibson as Pocahontas and Smith, respectively, with David Ogden Stiers, Russell Means, Christian Bale, Billy Connolly, and Linda Hunt. The musical score was written by Alan Menken, with songs written by Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz.PPocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures, the 33rd Disney animated feature film. Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg, the film is inspired by the Native American woman Pocahontas, and portrays a fictionalized account of her historical encounter with Englishman John Smith and the Jamestown settlers that arrived from the Virginia Company. The voice cast stars Irene Bedard and Mel Gibson as Pocahontas and Smith, respectively, with David Ogden Stiers, Russell Means, Christian Bale, Billy Connolly, and Linda Hunt. The musical score was written by Alan Menken, with songs written by Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz.den Stiers, Russell Means, Christian Bale, Michelle St. John, James Apaumut Fall, Billy Connolly, Joe Baker, Gordon Tootoosis, and Linda Hunt in supporting roles. The score was composed by Alan Menken, who also wrote the film's songs with lyricist Stephen Schwartz.\nAfter making his directorial debut with The Rescuers Down Under (1990), Gabriel conceived the film during a Thanksgiving weekend. Goldberg, who had just finished up work as the supervising animator of the Genie in Aladdin (1992), joined Gabriel as co-director. The project went into development concurrently with The Lion King (1994), and attracted most of Disney's top animators. Meanwhile, Disney studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg decided that the film should be an emotional romantic epic in the vein of Beauty and the Beast (1991), in hope that like Beauty, it would also be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Screenwriters Binder, Grant, and LaZebnik took creative liberties with history in an attempt to make the film palatable to audiences.\nPocahontas premiered at Central Park on June 10, 1995, and was released in the United States on June 16, to mixed reactions from critics and audiences, who praised its animation, voice performances, and music, but criticized its story with its lack of focus on tone. The film's historical inaccuracies and artistic license received polarized responses. Pocahontas earned over $346 million at the box office. The film received two Academy Awards for Best Musical or Comedy Score for Menken and Best Original Song for \"Colors of the Wind\". According to critics, the depiction of Pocahontas as an empowered heroine influenced subsequent Disney films like Mulan (1998) and Frozen (2013). The film was followed by a direct-to-video sequel, Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World, in 1998.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1607, the Susan Constant travels from London to the New World, carrying English settlers from the Virginia Company. The settlers, including Captain John Smith, talk of adventure, finding gold, fighting \"Injuns\" and potentially settling in the new land.\nIn the Powhatan tribe in Werowocomoco, Tsenacommacah, Virginia, Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, fears being possibly wed to Kocoum, a warrior whom she sees as too serious for her own free-spirited personality. After having a dream about a spinning arrow, Pocahontas visits Grandmother Willow, a talking willow tree that alerts her to the arriving English.\nThe voyage's leader Governor Ratcliffe, who seeks only wealth and status, has Jamestown built in a wooded clearing and immediately has the crewmen dig for gold. John departs to explore the wilderness and encounters Pocahontas. At first, she speaks to him in Powhatan, but soon, he gains her trust. They quickly bond, fascinated by each other's",
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}
] | Which educational establishment was attended by the actor who provided the voice for John Smith in Pocahontas? | [
{
"id": 93230,
"question": "who plays the voice of john smith in pocahontas",
"answer": "Mel Gibson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 319887,
"question": "#1 >> educated at",
"answer": "National Institute of Dramatic Art",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | National Institute of Dramatic Art | [
"NIDA"
] | true | What institute did the actor playing the voice of John Smith in Pocahontas attend? |
3hop1__694534_160088_85460 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Household income in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "One key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $59,039 in 2016, a record high. This was the largest two year percentage increase on record. the US.\nA key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S. Census Bureau reports two median household income estimates based on data from two surveys: the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement and the American Community Survey (ACS). The CPS ASEC is the recommended source for national-level estimates, whereas the ACS gives estimates for many geographic levels.:��19��:��10�� According to the CPS, the median household income was $70,784 in 2021. According to the ACS, the U.S. median household income in 2018 was $61,937. Estimates for previous years are given in terms of real income, which have been adjusted for changes to the price of goods and services.\nThe distribution of U.S. household income has become more unequal since around 1980, with the income share received by the top 1% trending upward from around 10% or less over the 1953–1981 period to over 20% by 2007. Since the end of the Great Recession, income inequality in the US has gone down slightly, and at an accelerated pace since 2019",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": " Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the TV series Family (1976–1980), Charlie's Angels (1976–1981), The Love Boat (1977–1986), Hart to Hart (1979–1984), Dynasty (1981–1989), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), Melrose Place (1992–1999), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of The Mod Squad (1968–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough hisAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976),",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "MacGruder and Loud",
"paragraph_text": " cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABCThis was one of the few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run, after ranking 40th out of 104 programs that aired that season with an average 15.76 household rating, according to TVTango.com. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot.\" grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 showsThis was one of the few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run, after ranking 40th out of 104 programs that aired that season with an average 15.76 household rating, according to TVTango.com. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot.\"MacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20 to April 30, 1985.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series stars John Getz and Kathryn Harrold as married police officers Malcolm MacGruder and Jenny Loud in a Los Angeles Police Department-styled police agency (where strict anti-fraternization policies were in effect). They fought a battle every day to keep it a closely guarded secret from their boss, Sgt. Hanson (played by veteran actor Lee de Broux).\nMalcolm and Jenny lived in a duplex-type apartment complex where there was a secret door behind the grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 shows with a 14.9 rating and a 23 share.\nBecause of the frequent commercials during the Super Bowl, the following night Johnny Carson asked rhetorically during his monologue on The Tonight Show, \"Did you see that new show, 'Frequent and Loud'?\"\nThe series was rushed into production by ABC in order to capitalize on the popularity of another crime drama at that time, Cagney & Lacey (which aired on CBS).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMacGruder and Loud at IMDbMacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20 to April 30, 1985.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe series stars John Getz and Kathryn Harrold as married police officers Malcolm MacGruder and Jenny Loud in a Los Angeles Police Department-styled police agency (where strict anti-fraternization policies were in effect). They fought a battle every day to keep it a closely guarded secret from their boss, Sgt. Hanson (played by veteran actor Lee de Broux).\nMalcolm and Jenny lived in a duplex-type apartment complex where there was a secret door behind the grandfather clock in her apartment, where Malcolm could sneak in and enjoy her company.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJohn Getz as Det. Malcolm MacGruder\nKathryn Harrold as Det. Jenny Loud MacGruder\nTed Ross as Det. Sgt. Debbin\nFrank McCarthy as Sgt. Myhrum\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Production ==\nThis was one of the relatively few failures from Aaron Spelling's production company in its history, since it was picked by ABC to debut right after the Super Bowl in 1985 and was heavily promoted during the game. The promotion resulted in high ratings at first, but the series was cancelled three months into its run. The ratings decline was blamed on ABC's repeated changing of the show's timeslot before settling on Monday nights at 10:00 p.m., known as \"the graveyard slot\". It ranked 36th out of 77 shows with a 14.9 rating and a 23 share.\nBecause of the frequent commercials during the Super Bowl, the following night Johnny Carson asked rhetorically during his monologue on The Tonight Show, \"Did you see that new show, 'Frequent and Loud'?\"\nThe series was rushed into production by ABC in order to capitalize on the popularity of another crime drama at that time, Cagney & Lacey (which aired on CBS).\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMacGruder and Loud at IMDbMacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC from January 20",
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}
] | What is the standard income for an individual who shares the same ethnicity as the person who created MacGruder and Loud? | [
{
"id": 694534,
"question": "MacGruder and Loud >> creator",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 85460,
"question": "what is the average salary of a working #2",
"answer": "$59,039",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | $59,039 | [] | true | What is the average salary of a working person of the same nationality as MacGruder and Loud's creator? |
2hop__24661_81961 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "away Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.\nOn November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina's Outer Banks. North Carolina often uses the slogan \"First in Flight\" on state license plates to commemorate this achievement, alongside a newer alternative design bearing the slogan \"First in Freedom\" in reference to the Mecklenburg Declaration and Halifax Resolves.\nNorth Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain. North Carolina's Mount Mitchell at 6,684 ft (2,037 m) is the highest point in North America east of theIn winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.North Carolina ( KARR-ə-LY-nə) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia to the southwest, and Tennessee to the west. The state is the 28th-largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. Along with South Carolina, it makes up the Carolinas region of the East Coast. At the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its most populous city. The Charlotte metropolitan area, with an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023, is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 22nd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Research Triangle, with an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023, is the second-most populous combined metropolitan area in the state, 31st-most populous in the United States, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park.\nThe earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.\nOn November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. FollowingIn Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city., is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 22nd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Research Triangle, with an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023, is the second-most populous combined metropolitan area in the state, 31st-most populous in the United States, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park.\nThe earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "2017–18 NHL season",
"paragraph_text": " 2017–18 NHL season was the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and ended on April 8, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 11, 2018, and concluded on June 7, with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Vegas Golden Knights in five games.\n\n\n== League business ==\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn June The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.The 2017–18 NHL season was the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and ended on April 8, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 11, 2018, and concluded on June 7, with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Vegas Golden Knights in five games.\n\n\n== League business ==\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn June 22, 2016, the NHL confirmed that it had granted an expansion franchise in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the starting date of the regular season for the league in which the Carolina Hurricanes participate? | [
{
"id": 24661,
"question": "What league do the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?",
"answer": "NHL",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 81961,
"question": "when does the regular season for the #1 begin",
"answer": "October 4, 2017",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | October 4, 2017 | [] | true | When does the regular season begin for the league the Carolina Hurricanes belong to? |
2hop__68590_27619 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "European Central Bank",
"paragraph_text": " member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the capital key has been readjusted since. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years (1998–2007) ===\n\nThe European Central Bank is the de facto successor of the European Monetary Institute (EMI). The EMI was established at the start of the second stage of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) to handle the transitional issuesThe European Central Bank (ECB; German: Europäische Zentralbank (EZB), French: Banque centrale européenne (BCE)) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) listed in the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The capital stock of the bank is owned by the central banks of all 28 EU member states. The Treaty of Amsterdam established the bank in 1998, and it is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. As of 2015 the President of the ECB is Mario Draghi, former governor of the Bank of Italy, former member of the World Bank, and former managing director of the Goldman Sachs international division (2002 -- 2005). The bank primarily occupied the Eurotower prior to, and during, the construction of the new headquarters., but the volume must be approved by the ECB beforehand. The bank also operates the TARGET2 payments system.\nThe ECB was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in May 1999 with the purpose of guaranteeing and maintaining price stability. On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon became effective and the bank gained the official status of an EU institution. When the ECB was created, it covered a Eurozone of eleven members. Since then, Greece joined in January 2001, Slovenia in January 2007, Cyprus and Malta in January 2008, Slovakia in January 2009, Estonia in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, Lithuania in January 2015 and Croatia in January 2023. The current President of the ECB is Christine Lagarde. Seated in Frankfurt, Germany, the bank formerly occupied the Eurotower prior to the construction of its new seat.\nThe ECB is directly governed by European Union law. Its capital stock, worth €11 billion, is owned by all 27 central banks of the EU member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the capital key has been readjusted since. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years (1998–2007) ===\n\nThe European Central Bank is the de facto successor of the European Monetary Institute (EMI). The EMI was established at the start of the second stage of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) to handle the transitional issues of states adopting the euro and prepare for the creation of the ECB and European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The EMI itself took over from the earlier European Monetary Cooperation Fund (EMCF).\nThe ECB formally replaced the EMI on 1 June 1998 by virtue of the Treaty on European Union (TEU, Treaty of Maastricht), however it did not exercise its full powers until the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, signalling the third stage of EMU. The bank was the final institution needed for EMU, as outlined by the EMU reports of Pierre Werner and President Jacques",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "European Central Bank",
"paragraph_text": " Lagarde. Seated in Frankfurt, Germany, the bank formerly occupied the Eurotower prior to the construction of its new seat.\nThe ECB is directly governed by European Union law. Its capital stock, worth €11 billion, is owned by all 27 central banks of the EU member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the capital key has been readjusted since. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years (1998–2007) ===\n\nThe European Central Bank is the de facto successor of the European Monetary Institute (EMI). The EMI was established at the start of the second stage of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) to handle the transitional issues of states adopting the euro and prepare for the creation of the ECB and European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The EMI itself took over from the earlier European Monetary Cooperation Fund (EMCF).\nThe ECB formally replaced the EMI on 1 June 1998 by virtue of the Treaty on European Union (TEU, Treaty of Maastricht), however it did not exercise its full powers until the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, signalling the third stage of EMU. The bank was the final institution needed for EMU, as outlined by the EMU reports of Pierre Werner and President JacquesThe primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.TheThe primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand., but the volume must be approved by the ECB beforehand. The bank also operates the TARGET2 payments system.\nThe ECB was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in May 1999 with the purpose of guaranteeing and maintaining price stability. On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon became effective and the bank gained the official status of an EU institution. When the ECB was created, it covered a Eurozone of eleven members. Since then, Greece joined in January 2001, Slovenia in January 2007, Cyprus and Malta in January 2008, Slovakia in January 2009, Estonia in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, Lithuania in January 2015 and Croatia in January 2023. The current President of the ECB is Christine Lagarde. Seated in Frankfurt, Germany, the bank formerly occupied the Eurotower prior to the construction of its new seat.\nThe ECB is directly governed by European Union law. Its capital stock, worth €11 billion, is owned by all 27 central banks of the EU member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the capital key has been readjusted since. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years (1998–2007) ===\n\nThe European Central Bank is the de facto successor of the European Monetary Institute (EMI). The EMI was established at the start of the second stage of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) to handle the transitional issues of states adopting the euro and prepare for the creation of the ECB and European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The EMI itself took over from the earlier European Monetary Cooperation Fund (EMCF).\nThe ECB formally replaced the EMI on 1 June 1998 by virtue of the Treaty on European Union (TEU, Treaty of Maastricht), however it did not exercise its full powers until the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, signalling the third stage of EMU. The bank was the final institution needed for EMU, as outlined by the EMU reports of Pierre Werner and President JacquesThe primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important central banks with a balance sheet total of around 7 trillion.\nThe ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy for the Eurozone and the European Union, administers the foreign exchange reserves of EU member states, engages in foreign exchange operations, and defines the intermediate monetary objectives and key interest rate of the EU. The ECB Executive Board enforces the policies and decisions of the Governing Council, and may direct the national central banks when doing so. The ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the volume must be approved by the ECB beforehand. The bank also operates the TARGET2 payments system.\nThe ECB was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in May 1999 with the purpose of guaranteeing and maintaining price stability. On 1 December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon became effective and the bank gained the official status of an EU institution. When the ECB was created, it covered a Eurozone of eleven members. Since then, Greece joined in January 2001, Slovenia in January 2007, Cyprus and Malta in January 2008, Slovakia in January 2009, Estonia in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, Lithuania in January 2015 and Croatia in January 2023. The current President of the ECB is Christine Lagarde. Seated in Frankfurt, Germany, the bank formerly occupied the Eurotower prior to the construction of its new seat.\nThe ECB is directly governed by",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where can the mission of the organization responsible for the European Union's monetary policy be located? | [
{
"id": 68590,
"question": "who controls the monetary policy of the eu",
"answer": "European Central Bank",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 27619,
"question": "Where is the mission for #1 found?",
"answer": "Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB | [] | true | Where is the mission for the agency that controls the monetary policy of the EU found? |
2hop__781079_9237 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Marshall Islands International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "320s, Boeing 737s, Boeing 757s and Boeing 767s).\nThe Republic of the Marshall Islands Ports Authority replaced the Marshall Islands Airports Authority in managing the airport in 2003 under RMI Port Authority Act.\n\n\n== Airport improvements ==\nSea walls have been added to prevent the sea from reclaiming the infill used to create the airport.\nBetween 2007 and 2009, airport improvement projects replaced the runway surfaces, rebuilt the apron to better handle aircraft, and repaved and added markings to the runway. In 2007 the US FAA added two new airport crash tenders to the existing three-tender fleet, as part of the airport improvement projects.\n\n\n== Airlines and destinations ==\n\n\n== Ground transportation ==\nTaxis and shuttle buses provide ground transportation to and from the airport to other areas of the island. The main and only road on Majuro Island provides access to the airport.\n\n\n== See also ==\nIsland Hopper scheduled air service\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMajuro Atoll 737 Landing Video Fantastic video taken from the cockpit of a Boeing 737 on approach to, and landing at, the airport.\nResources for this airport:\nFAA airport information for MAJ\nAirNav airport information for PKMJ\nASN accident history for MAJ\nFlightAware airport information and live flight tracker\nNOAA/NWS latest weather observations for PKMJ\nSkyVector aeronautical chart for MAJMarshall Islands International Airport (IATA: MAJ, ICAO: PKMJ, FAA LID: MAJ), also known as Amata Kabua International Airport, is located in the western part of Rairok on the south side of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The airport was built during World War II (1943) on Anenelibw and Lokojbar islets. It replaced Majuro Airfield, a coral-surfaced airstrip at Delap Island near the eastern end of Majuro Atoll that had been originally constructed by Japanese occupation forces in 1942.\nA series of single-floor structures (small hangars) make up the airport terminal. No physical structures existed at the airport prior to the 1970s. The current terminal structure and modern runway/apron were built in 1971. Passengers from flights arriving at the airport use stairs to exit aircraft and walk to the terminal.\nThe airport is capable of handling all propeller-driven aircraft as well as midsize jet aircraft (e.g., Airbus A320s, Boeing 737s, Boeing 757s and Boeing 767s).\nThe Republic of the Marshall Islands PortsMarshall Islands International Airport , also known as Amata Kabua International Airport, is located in the western part of Rairok on the south side of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The airport was built during World War II (1943) on Anenelibw and Lokojbar islets. It replaced Majuro Airfield, a coral-surfaced airstrip at Delap Island near the eastern end of Majuro Atoll that had been originally constructed by Japanese occupation forces in 1942.MarMarshall Islands International Airport , also known as Amata Kabua International Airport, is located in the western part of Rairok on the south side of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The airport was built during World War II (1943) on Anenelibw and Lokojbar islets. It replaced Majuro Airfield, a coral-surfaced airstrip at Delap Island near the eastern end of Majuro Atoll that had been originally constructed by Japanese occupation forces in 1942. end of Majuro Atoll that had been originally constructed by Japanese occupation forces in 1942.\nA series of single-floor structures (small hangars) make up the airport terminal. No physical structures existed at the airport prior to the 1970s. The current terminal structure and modern runway/apron were built in 1971. Pass",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Marshall Islands",
"paragraph_text": " 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 andMajor religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012. half of the country's population.\nAustronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the economy in the 1870s and 1880s, and the German Empire annexed the Marshalls as a protectorate in 1885. The Empire of Japan occupied the islands in the autumn of 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (PC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency in free association with the United States, with the U.S. providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product, and although most financial aid from the Compact of Free Association was set to expire in 2023, it was extended for another 20 years that same year. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. In 2018, it also announced plans for a new cryptocurrency to be used as legal tender.\nThe majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is one of the Oceanic languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practices some religion: three-quarters of the country follows either the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Prehistory ===\n\nLinguistic and anthropological studies have suggested that the first Austronesian settlers of the Marshall Islands arrived from the Solomon Islands. Radiocarbon dating suggests that Bikini Atoll may have been inhabited as early as 1200 BCE, though samples may not have been collected from secure stratigraphic contexts and older driftwood samples may have affected results. Archaeological digs on other atolls have found evidence of human habitation dating around the 1st century CE at the village of Laura on Majuro and on Kwajalein Atoll.\nThe Austronesian settlers introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens throughout the Marshall Islands. They possibly seeded the islands by leaving coconuts at seasonal fishing camps before permanently settling years later. The southern islands receive heavier rainfall than the north, so communities in the wet south subsisted on prevalent taro and breadfruit, while northerners were more likely to subsist on pandanus and coconuts. Southern atolls probably supported larger, more dense populations.\n\nThe Marshallese sailed between islands on walaps made from breadfruit-tree wood and coconut-fiber rope. They navigated by using the stars for orientation and initial course setting, but also developed a piloting technique of interpreting disruptions in ocean swells to determine the location of low coral atolls below the horizon. They noticed that swells refracted around the undersea slope of atolls. When refracted swells from different directions met, they created noticeable disruption patterns, which Marshallese pilots could read to determine the direction of an island. When interviewed by anthropologists, some Marshallese sailors noted that they piloted their canoes by both sight and feeling changes in the motion of the boat. Sailors also invented stick charts to map the swell patterns, but unlike western navigational charts, the Marshallese stick charts were tools for teaching students and for consultation before embarking on a voyage; navigators",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the initial mosque opened in the location where the International Airport of the Marshall Islands is situated? | [
{
"id": 781079,
"question": "Marshall Islands International Airport >> place served by transport hub",
"answer": "Majuro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 9237,
"question": "When did the first mosque in #1 open?",
"answer": "September 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | September 2012 | [
"2012"
] | true | When did the first mosque in the place where the Marshall Islands International Airport is located open? |
3hop1__390489_502967_84283 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Flamenco a Go-Go",
"paragraph_text": " departs from the flamenco genre by including electric guitar, drum and bass loops, electronics, ambient sounds and midi gear. It has contributions from session musicians Greg Ellis (percussion) and Vinnie Colaiuta (drums).\n\n\n== Reviews ==\n\nAllMusic was very positive, calling it a \"wonderful surprise\", by \"one of the finest guitarists of the past 20 years\" and saying it will catch listeners \"off guard\", with dance record overtones and rhythms that will \"grab every listener\".\n\nStevens said at the time:\n\nIFlamenco A Go-Go is the second album released by guitarist and songwriter Steve Stevens, best known for playing for Billy Idol for several years. It was recorded in his home studio, and is mostly an instrumental album with a few vocal sections.FlamFlamenco A Go-Go is the second album released by guitarist and songwriter Steve Stevens, best known for playing for Billy Idol for several years. It was recorded in his home studio, and is mostly an instrumental album with a few vocal sections.== Musical genres and influences ==\nDespite the title, the album is not a traditional flamenco album.\nStevens reported drawing inspiration from noted flamenco player Paco de Lucía after seeing him play live. The album features acoustic Spanish guitar but also departs from the flamenco genre by including electric guitar, drum and bass loops, electronics, ambient sounds and midi gear. It has contributions from session musicians Greg Ellis (percussion) and Vinnie Colaiuta (drums).\n\n\n== Reviews ==\n\nAllMusic was very positive, calling it a \"wonderful surprise\", by \"one of the finest guitarists of the past 20 years\" and saying it will catch listeners \"off guard\", with dance record overtones and rhythms that will \"grab every listener\".\n\nStevens said at the time:\n\nIFlamenco A Go-Go is the second album released by guitarist and songwriter Steve",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signedWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Records Inc. (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records Inc. until 2019) is an American record label. A subsidiary of the Warner Music Group, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on March 19, 1958, as the recorded music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.\nArtists who have recorded for Warner Records include Madonna, Prince, Linkin Park, Zach Bryan, Van Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Atomic Playboys",
"paragraph_text": " network The Nine Network for the closing credits of their Formula One coverage throughout the early 1990s\nThe title track features a quote by William H. P. Blandy, who originally said \"I am not an atomic playboy\" in response to the 1946 atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll\n\"Power of Suggestion\" was featured in the 1994 film Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\n\n\n== References ==Atomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the Alien film series.\nAtomic Playboys was also the name of Stevens' band at the time, which was only meant to be a one-album effort upon him being signed to Warner Bros. In a 2001 interview, when asked about the possibly of reforming the group, Stevens replied: \"Absolutely not. That group was a very expensive hobby\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll tracks written by Steve Stevens, except where noted.\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe title track was used by Australian television network The Nine Network for the closing credits of their Formula One coverage throughout the early 1990s\nThe title track features a quote by William H. P. Blandy, who originally said \"I am not an atomic playboy\" in response to the 1946 atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll\n\"Power of Suggestion\" was featured in the 1994 film Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\n\n\n== References ==Atomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the Alien film series.\nAtomic Playboys was also the name of Stevens' band at the time, which was only meant to be a one-album effort upon him being signed to Warner Bros. In a 2001 interview, when asked about the possibly of reforming the group, Stevens replied: \"Absolutely not. That group was a very expensive hobby\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll tracks written by Steve Stevens, except where noted.\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe title track was used by Australian television network The Nine Network for the closingAtomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the \"Alien\" film series.Atomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the \"Alien\" film series.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds ownership of the record company that represents the artist who performs Flamenco a Go-Go? | [
{
"id": 390489,
"question": "Flamenco a Go-Go >> performer",
"answer": "Steve Stevens",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 502967,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who is the owner of the record label of the performer of Flamenco a Go-Go? |
3hop2__304722_466316_63959 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895. There were no replays.\n\n\n== Semi-finals ==\nThe semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895. Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace.\n\n\n== Final ==\n\nThe final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace. Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds. Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection.\n\n\n=== Match details ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nFA Cup Final Results 1872-\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\nOfficial site; fixtures and results service at TheFA.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at rsssf.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at soccerbase.com\nSpecificThe 1894–95 FA Cup was the 24th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). The cup was won by Aston Villa, who defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 in the final of the competition, played at Crystal Palace in London. This was Villa's second victory in the FA Cup.\nThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 winThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.TheThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four Third Round matches were scheduled for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season. Villa would be demoted the following campaign. The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory. The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson. The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions. Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup. The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0.\n\n\n=== The Premier League EraDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Arthur James (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": "til Somebody Loves You\", reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. He released his self-titled debut studio album in November 2013. The album debuted and peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart. After the release of his debut studio album James ArthurArthur James (January 1855 – June 1911) was an English footballer who played as an outside right for Small Heath Alliance, later to become Birmingham City, from the foundation of the club in 1875 until his career was ended by injury in 1887.Arthur James (January 1855 – June 1911) was an English footballer who played as an outside right for Small Heath Alliance, later to become Birmingham City, from the foundation of the club in 1875 until his career was ended by injury in 1887.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did Arthur James' team last achieve victory over the champion of the 1894-95 FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 466316,
"question": "Arthur James >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time the team that Arthur James was a member of beat the 1894-95 FA cup winner? |
2hop__810884_22402 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": "Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and also performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.\nSwitzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking and chocolate production.\nIt has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation (\"nation of volition\") rather than a nation state. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by multiple native names: Schweiz [����va��ts] (German); Suisse [s��is(ə)] (French); Svizzera [��zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [����vi��tsr��, ����vi��ts����] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica—frequently shortened to \"Helvetia\"—is used instead of the spoken languages.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for \"Confederates\", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation).\nThe toponym Schwyz itself was first attested inThere are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Edith Humphrey",
"paragraph_text": " of Chemistry, together with a modern CD spectrum of a solution of one crystal. This box of crystals remains on display in the exhibition room of the RSC.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nEdith Humphrey was born on 11 September 1875 at 41 Lismore Road, Kentish Town, London. She was the youngest of the seven surviving children of Louisa (née Frost, 1831–1911) and John Charles Humphrey (1833–1903). Her mother had been a dressmaker before marriage, and her father was a clerk at the London Metropolitan Board of Works and later London County Council. \nJohn Humphrey had started life in poor circumstances, his father having been a bootmaker, and he was a great supporter of education for his daughters as well as his sons. Edith grew up in a middle-class household in Kentish Town, London. Her two elder sisters became teachers, and her brothers, including Herbert Alfred Humphrey (1868–1951), inventor of the Humphrey pump, and William Humphrey (1863–1898), head of the Fourah Bay College in Freetown, Sierra Leone, were educated to degree level.\nHumphrey attended Camden School for Girls and then, from 1891, North London Collegiate School, one of the first girls' schools in the UK to include science in the curriculum. Both schools were set up by Frances Buss.\nFrom 1893 to 1897 Humphrey studied chemistry (and physics) at Bedford College, London, with a scholarship of £60 per annum. On completion of her degree, she applied to do a PhD at the University of Zurich.\n\n\n== Postgraduate research ==\nOn 17 October 1898, Humphrey matriculated for chemistry at the University of Zurich. She joined a growing band of Alfred Werner's students, working in the inadequate cellars known as the \"Katakomben\" (catacombs). Humphrey was awarded a grant of £60 a year for three years by the Technical Education Board of the London County Council, but studying in Switzerland wasEdith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 – 25 February 1978) was a British inorganic chemist who carried out pioneering work in co-ordination chemistry at the University of Zurich under Alfred Werner. She is thought to be the first British woman to obtain a doctorate in chemistry.EdEdith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 – 25 February 1978) was a British inorganic chemist who carried out pioneering work in co-ordination chemistry at the University of Zurich under Alfred Werner. She is thought to be the first British woman to obtain a doctorate in chemistry. the first chemist to synthesize a chiral inorganic complex.\n\nOn the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 8 April 1991, a sample of the original crystals synthesised by Humphrey for her PhD were sent to them by the Swiss Committee of Chemistry, together with a modern CD spectrum of a solution of one crystal. This box of crystals remains on display in the exhibition room of the RSC.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nEdith Humphrey was born on 11 September 1875 at 41 Lismore Road, Kentish Town, London. She was the youngest of the seven surviving children of Louisa (née Frost, 1831–1911) and John Charles Humphrey (1833–1903). Her mother had been a dressmaker before marriage, and her father was a clerk at the London Metropolitan Board of Works and later London County Council. \nJohn Humphrey had started life in poor circumstances, his father having been a bootmaker, and he was a great supporter of education for his daughters as well as his sons. Edith grew up in a middle-class household in Kentish Town, London. Her two elder sisters became teachers, and her brothers, including Herbert Alfred Humphrey (1868–1951), inventor of the Humphrey pump, and William Humphrey (1863–1898), head of the Fourah Bay College in Freetown, Sierra Leone, were educated to degree level.\nHumphrey attended Camden School for Girls and then, from 1891, North London Collegiate School, one of the first girls' schools in the UK to include science in the curriculum. Both schools were set up by Frances Buss.\nFrom 1893 to 1897 Humphrey studied chemistry (and physics) at Bedford College, London, with a scholarship of £60 per annum. On completion of her degree, she applied to do a PhD",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the student population of the university where Edith Humphrey received her education? | [
{
"id": 810884,
"question": "Edith Humphrey >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Zurich",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 22402,
"question": "How many students attend #1 ?",
"answer": "nearly 25,000",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | nearly 25,000 | [
"University of Zurich"
] | true | How many students attend the university that Edith Humphrey was educated? |
2hop__362107_652514 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Whiston, Merseyside",
"paragraph_text": " houses, a primary school, a country park, and various community and leisure facilities. Construction is estimated to cost around £270 million.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first record of Whiston comes in 1245, being rendered as \"Quistan\" and being within the West Derby Hundred in Lancashire. Archeological evidence such as a neolithic polished hand-axe and mesolithic tool fragments suggest that the region was host to pre-historic settlement up to 12,000 years, ago while other archaeological finds include remnants of a Roman tile workshop in nearby Tarbock and a medieval shovel head.\nThe main industry of Whiston's earlier documented history is agriculture, with the first recorded mill in the area being held by local lord Henry Travers from 1190. By 1521, the first documentation of coal mining is made, which would in time become Whiston's primary industry. By 1700, the coalfields of Whiston, Prescot, and Sutton were producing 25,000-50,000 tonnes of coal annually, and this would only increase as the Industrial Revolution progressed and the Whiston area became host to tens of collieries over the 18th and 19th Centuries. By 1901, the population of Whiston was 3,430.\nThe Church of St. Nicholas on Windy Arbor Road was consecrated on 30 July 1868, replacing a chapel dating from 1846. It hosts a war memorial, designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, which was struck by lightning in 1928. The memorial was replaced in 1932. The stone-built Methodist Church on the High Street dates from the 19th century.\nWhiston had a sanatorium, an isolation hospital, and a workhouse, part of the Prescot Union workhouses.\nWhiston was previously host to Halsnead Hall, a neoclassical manor that housed the Willis family, chief landholders in Whiston from 1684 until the auctioning of their estate in 1929. Halsnead Hall, demolished in 1932 and now the site of Halsnead static caravan park, was designed by the renowned architect Sir John Soane. Before its demolition, it was the sole example of Soane's work in either Lancashire or Cheshire.\n\n\n== Governance ==\nPrior to boundary changes in 2016, Whiston consisted of the Whiston North and Whiston South wards of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley. The North and South wards were separated by the Liverpool to Manchester Railway, which runs directly through the town. The former borough wards of North and South are still used in the form of Town Council wards, but for the purposes of Borough representation, Whiston elects three councillors via the combined ward of Whiston and Cronton.\nWhiston lent its name to and was formerly the headquarters of the Whiston Rural District within the County of Lancashire before the Local Government Act 1972. Today, Whiston Town Council oversees parish level administration.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nWhiston is crossed by the historic Liverpool to Manchester Railway, and is served by Whiston railway station with services to Liverpool and Manchester, operated by Northern. Local bus routes to Runcorn, Liverpool, St Helens and Huyton also serve the town. These are operated by, among other smaller local providers, Stagecoach and Arriva.\n\n\n== Health ==\nSt Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust operates Whiston Hospital. The hospital supports the primary maternity department for the Knowsley and St Helens boroughs, alongside a regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit serving North West England, North Wales and the Isle of Man. The Trust is a member organisation of the teaching hospital system partnered with the University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Edge Hill University.\n\n\n== Industries ==\nLocal industry includes Glen Dimplex Home Appliances, producing kitchen appliances and employing approximately 1,000 people.\n\n\n== Education ==\n\n\n=== Primary education ===\nSt Luke's Catholic Primary School\nHalsnead Primary School\nWhiston Willis Primary School\nSt Leo's & Southmead Catholic Primary School\n\n\n=== Secondary education ===\nIn 2010, two of Whiston'sWhiston is a large village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 13,629, (6,560 males and 7,069 females), increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census.WhWhiston is a large village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 13,629, (6,560 males and 7,069 females), increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census. at the 2001 Census, increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census.\nA new village, Halsnead Garden Village, was approved with government support in 2017 and will be located in the Halsnead area of the town. The new village will contain over 1,500 houses, a primary school, a country park, and various community and leisure facilities. Construction is estimated to cost around £270 million.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first record of Whiston comes in 1245, being rendered as \"Quistan\" and being within the West Derby Hundred in Lancashire. Archeological evidence such as a neolithic polished hand-axe and mesolithic tool fragments suggest that the region was host to pre-historic settlement up to 12,000 years, ago while other archaeological finds include remnants of a Roman tile workshop in nearby Tarbock and a medieval shovel head.\nThe main industry of Whiston's earlier documented history is agriculture, with the first recorded mill in the area being held by local lord Henry Travers from 1190. By 1521, the first documentation of coal mining is made, which would in time become Whiston's primary industry. By 1700, the coalfields of Whiston, Prescot, and Sutton were producing 25,000-50,000 tonnes of coal annually, and this would only increase",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Callum McManaman",
"paragraph_text": " 2023, he rejoined Wigan Athletic for his third spell at the club.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Wigan Athletic ===\nMcManaman was born in Huyton. He grew up as an Everton supporter, and joined the club's youth system when he was seven years old. After being released by the club at the age of sixteen, he signed for Wigan Athletic on a free transfer in 2007. He made his debut for the reserves toward the end of the 2007–08 season. He became a regular in the reserve team during the second half of the following season, appearing ten times and scoring four goals. He then made his first team debut on 24 May 2009 in a Premier League match against Portsmouth, becoming Wigan's youngest-ever player to play in the Premier League.\nIn July 2009, he signed his first professional contract with the club. McManaman remained in theBorn in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million.CallBorn in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million. 2009. He became the man of the match at the 2013 FA Cup Final for Wigan Athletic on 1–0 winning-match against Manchester City. \nIn January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million.\nOn 13 October 2020, McManaman signed a two-year contract with A-League club Melbourne Victory ahead of the 2020–21 A-League season. \nIn June 2023, he rejoined Wigan Athletic for his third spell at the club.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Wigan Athletic ===\nMcManaman was born in Huyton. He grew up as an Everton supporter, and joined the club's youth system when he was seven years old. After being released by the club at the age of sixteen, he signed for Wigan Athletic on a free transfer in 2007. He made his debut for the reserves toward the end of the 2007–08 season. He became a regular in the reserve team during the second half of the following season, appearing ten times and scoring four goals. He then made his first team debut on 24 May 2009 in a Premier League match against Portsmouth, becoming Wigan's youngest-ever player to play in the Premier League.\nIn July 2009, he signed his first professional contract with the club. McManaman remained in theBorn in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million.Callum Henry McManaman (born 25 April 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for EFL League One side Wigan Athletic.\nBorn in Huyton, Merseyside, but lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside. McManaman began his youth career at",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the borough of birth for Callum McManaman? | [
{
"id": 362107,
"question": "Callum McManaman >> place of birth",
"answer": "Whiston",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 652514,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Knowsley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Knowsley | [
"Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley"
] | true | In which borough was Callum McManaman born? |
2hop__160151_23241 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Marmaduke Pickthall",
"paragraph_text": " of the Glorious Koran. His translation of the Quran (usually anglicized as \"Koran\" in Pickthall's era) is one of the most widely known and used in the English-speaking world. A convert from Christianity to Islam, Pickthall was a novelist, esteemed by D. H. Lawrence, H. G. Wells, and E. M. Forster, as well as journalists, political and religious leaders. He declared his conversion to Islam in dramatic fashion after delivering a talk on 'Islam and Progress' on 29 November 1917, to the Muslim Literary Society in Notting Hill, West London.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMarmaduke William Pickthall was born in Cambridge Terrace, near Regent's Park in London, on 7 April 1875, the elder of the two sons of the Reverend Charles Grayson Pickthall (1822–1881) and his second wife, Mary Hale, née O'Brien (1836–1904). Charles was an Anglican clergyman, the rector of Chillesford, a village near Woodbridge, Suffolk. The Pickthalls traced their ancestry to a knight of William the Conqueror, Sir Roger de Poictu, from whom their surname derives. Mary, of the Irish Inchiquin clan, was the widow of William Hale and the daughter of Admiral Donat Henchy O'Brien, who served in the Napoleonic Wars. Pickthall spent the first few years of his life in the countryside, living with several older half-siblings and a younger brother in his father's rectory in rural Suffolk. He was a sickly child. When about six months old, he fell very ill of measles complicated by bronchitis. On the death of his father in 1881 the family moved to London. He attended Harrow School but left after six terms. As a schoolboy at Harrow, Pickthall was a classmate and friend of Winston Churchill.\n\nPickthall travelled across many Eastern countries, gaining a reputation as a Middle-Eastern scholar, at a time when the institution of the Caliphate had collapsed with the Muslim world failing to find consensus on appointing a successor. Before declaring his faith as a Muslim, Pickthall was a strong ally of the Ottoman Empire. He studied the Orient, and published articles and novels on the subject. While in the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad, Pickthall published his English translation of the Quran with the title The Meaning of the Glorious Koran. The translation was authorized by the Al-Azhar University and the Times Literary Supplement praised his efforts by writing \"noted translator of the glorious Quran into English language, a great literary achievement.\" Pickthall was conscripted in the last months of World War I and became corporal in charge of an influenza isolation hospital.\nWhen news of the Armenian genocide reached Britain, Pickthall frequently wrote in defense of the Ottomans by downplaying atrocities committed against Armenians, whom he also made derogatory remarks about. During the war, Pickthall developed a reputation as \"a rabid Turkophile\", consequently denying him a position with the Arab Bureau. The role was instead given to T. E. Lawrence.\nIn June 1917, Pickthall gave a speech defending the rights of Palestinian Arabs, in the context of the debate over the Balfour Declaration. In November 1917, Pickthall publicly took shahada at the Woking Muslim Mission with the support of Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din. He followed this with a speech contrasting the Christian and Muslim approaches to religious law, arguing that Islam was better equipped than Christianity to handle the post-World War world.\nPickthall, who now identified himself as a \"Sunni Muslim of the Hanafi school\", was active as \"a natural leader\" within a number of Islamic organizations. He preached Friday sermons in both the Woking Mosque and in London. Some of his khutbas (sermons) were subsequently published. For a year he ran the Islamic Information Bureau in London, which issued a weekly paper, The Muslim Outlook. Pickthall and Quran translator Yusuf Ali were trustees of bothPickthall was buried in the Muslim section at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey, England, where Abdullah Yusuf Ali was later buried.Pickthall was buried in the Muslim section at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey, England, where Abdullah Yusuf Ali was later buried.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": "According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups., with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the percentage of Nigeria's population in 2010 that practiced the religion in which Pickthall was interred, as per Pew's data? | [
{
"id": 160151,
"question": "In what type of section was Pickthall buried in?",
"answer": "Muslim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 23241,
"question": "According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was #1 ?",
"answer": "48.8 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 48.8 percent | [] | true | According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was the religion that Pickthall was buried in? |
4hop3__800262_466199_695123_72134 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "WIZE",
"paragraph_text": "WIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield. (1913–1992), American saleswoman who developed \"party plan\" marketing\nChristopher Wise (born 1961), American author\nCody Wise, American singer\nDaniel Wise (dis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Springfield, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": " of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).–council form of government and governs the Capital Township. Public schools in Springfield are operated by District No. 186.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-Civil War ===\nSettlersSpringfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).Springfield is the capital city of the U.S. state of Illinois and the seat of Sangamon County. The city's population was 114,394 at the 2020 census, which makes it the state's seventh-most populous city, the second-most populous outside of the Chicago metropolitan area (after Rockford), and the most populous in Central Illinois. Approximately 208,000 residents live in the Springfield metropolitan area, which consists of all of Sangamon and Menard counties. Springfield lies in a plain near the Sangamon River north of Lake Springfield.\nSpringfield was settled by European-Americans in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous historic resident was Abraham Lincoln, who lived in Springfield from 1837 until 1861, upon becoming President of the United States. Major tourist attractions include multiple sites connected with Lincoln including the Abraham",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Green Township, Randolph County, Indiana",
"paragraph_text": " the township has a total area of 29.57 square miles (76.6 km2), of which 29.42 square miles (76.2 km2) (or 99.49%) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km2) (or 0.51%) is water.\n\n\n=== Unincorporated towns ===\nFairview at 40.2980988°N 85.1952475°W / 40.2980988; -85.1952475\nShedville at 40.2655989°N 85.1288577°W / 40.2655989; -85.1288577\n(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIndiana Township Association\nUnited Township Association of IndianaGreen Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,019 (up from 957 at 2010) and it contained 413 housing units.\n\n\n== History ==\nGreen Township was established in 1834.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 29.57 square miles (76.6 km2), of which 29.42 square miles (76.2 km2) (or 99.49%) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km2) (or 0.51%) is water.\n\n\n=== Unincorporated towns ===\nFairview at 40.2980988°N 85.1952475°W / 40.2980988; -85.1952475\nShedville at 40.2655989°N 85.1288577°W / 40.2655989; -85.1288577\n(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIndiana Township Association\nUnited Township Association of IndianaGreen Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,019 (up from 957 at 2010) and it contained 413 housing units.\n\n\n== History ==\nGreen Township was established in 1834.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 29.57 squareGreen Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 957 and it contained 404 housing units.GreenGreen Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 957 and it contained 404 housing units. 2010) and it contained 413 housing units.\n\n\n== History ==\nGreen Township was established in 1834.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 29.57 square miles (76.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Randolph County, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": " first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolphOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital. Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the city, where WIZE has its license, named as the capital of the state that includes Green Township? | [
{
"id": 800262,
"question": "Green Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Randolph County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 466199,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 695123,
"question": "WIZE >> licensed to broadcast to",
"answer": "Springfield",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 72134,
"question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2",
"answer": "1839",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 1839 | [] | true | When did the town WIZE is licensed in become capitol of the state where Green Township is located? |
3hop1__798544_514761_594810 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pure BS",
"paragraph_text": " Michael Bublé's hit single \"Home\" and two additional tracks which Shelton wrote. The cover featured backing vocals from Miranda Lambert, whom Shelton would later marry. It was issued as a single in early 2008, and in July it became Shelton's fourth Number One single on the country charts.\n\"She Don't Love Me\" was previously recorded by Trent Willmon on his self-titled debut album, and before that by Billy Ray Cyrus as \"She Don't Love Me (She Don't Hate Me)\" on his 2003 album Time Flies. It Ain't Easy Being Me\" was originally recorded by the co-writer, Chris Knight on his 1998 self-titled debut album, and also covered by John Anderson on his 2001 album, Nobody's Got It All. \"I Don't Care\" was later reissued on Shelton's 2008 album, Startin' Fires.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nPure BS was recorded while Shelton was going through a divorce from his first wife. Shelton has said that this experience colored the tone of the album, explaining, \"I was dealing with a broken heart and having my world turned upside-down and drinking way too much, and I just put all that on the record and gave it to the fans to see what they thought about that period of my life.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Producers ==\nPaul Worley – tracks 1, 6, 8\nBrent Rowan - tracks 2, 3, 5, 7, 14\nBobby Braddock - tracks 4, 9-13\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nBlake Shelton – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (3, 5, 7)\nMike Rojas – keyboards (1, 6, 8)\nJim \"Moose\" Brown – acoustic piano (2, 3, 5, 7), Hammond B3 organ (2, 3, 5, 7)\nBrentPure BS is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton, released in 2007 on Warner Bros. Records Nashville. It produced the singles \"Don't Make Me\" and \"The More I Drink\". The album was re-released in 2008 with three bonus tracks, one of which — a cover of Michael Bublé's \"Home\" — was released as a single, becoming Shelton's fourth Number One country hit. Of the eleven tracks, Shelton co-wrote three. The album has been certified Gold by RIAA.PPure BS is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton, released in 2007 on Warner Bros. Records Nashville. It produced the singles \"Don't Make Me\" and \"The More I Drink\". The album was re-released in 2008 with three bonus tracks, one of which — a cover of Michael Bublé's \"Home\" — was released as a single, becoming Shelton's fourth Number One country hit. Of the eleven tracks, Shelton co-wrote three. The album has been certified Gold by RIAA.== Content ==\nUnlike Shelton's first three albums, which were all",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Candy Coburn",
"paragraph_text": " the song would someday be an inspiration to others who have been touched byCandy Coburn is an American national performing country music artist who has shared the stage with many notable artists, including Brooks and Dunn, Kellie Pickler, Montgomery Gentry, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Gary Allan, Josh Turner, Lady Antebellum and others. Scheduled to release her third album in 2010, Candy's most notable contribution to music so far has been her song, \"Pink Warrior.\".\"\n\n\n== Pink Warrior ==\n\"Pink Warrior\" was co-written by Candy Coburn, whose grandmother fought breast cancer for 10 years, along with respected Nashville writers Kaci Bolls, Candy Cameron and Roxie Dean. It was produced by Nashville producer, Joe Scaife, who is also known for his work with Montgomery Gentry and Gretchen Wilson. With her grandmother's long battle with cancer in mind, Coburn hoped the song would someday be an inspiration to others who have been touched by cancer. She was surprised when she was contacted by the well-known Susan G. Komen for the Cure organization only one month after Pink Warrior was recorded. In an agreement with Susan G. K",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Somethin' Bad",
"paragraph_text": " retreat in France for ASCAP. The song was originally intended to be a male/female duet, but was later tweaked so that it could be performed by two females.\nThe\"Somethin' Bad\" is a song recorded as a duet by American country music artists Miranda Lambert and Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and Priscilla Renea. It was released as the second single from Lambert's fifth studio album \"Platinum\" in advance of the album's release two weeks later. The song premiered at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, 2014, and was released for sale the next day.\"\"Somethin' Bad\" is a song recorded as a duet by American country music artists Miranda Lambert and Carrie Underwood. The song was written by Chris DeStefano, Brett James, and Priscilla Renea. It was released as the second single from Lambert's fifth studio album \"Platinum\" in advance of the album's release two weeks later. The song premiered at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, 2014, and was released for sale the next day.in' Bad\" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, becoming Underwood's thirteenth number one on the chart and Lambert's fifth. The",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | To which record label is the partner of the artist who performed "Somethin' Bad" signed? | [
{
"id": 798544,
"question": "Somethin' Bad >> performer",
"answer": "Miranda Lambert",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 514761,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Blake Shelton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 594810,
"question": "#2 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Warner Bros. Records | [] | true | What record label does the spouse of the performer of Somethin' Bad belong to? |
2hop__658472_5385 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ", and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. It was the site of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died, the deadliest terror attack in U.S. history until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince weather records have been kept beginning in 1890, Oklahoma City has been struck by 14 violent tornadoes, 11 of which were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and one each rated F5 and EF5.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". On April 26 of that yearWhile not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). population, and is the 8th largest city in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. It was the site of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died, the deadliest terror attack in U.S. history until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince weather records have been kept beginning in 1890, Oklahoma City has been struck by 14 violent tornadoes, 11 of which were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and one each rated F5 and EF5.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". On April 26 of that year its first mayor was elected, William Couch. Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton H. Classen, John Wilford Shartel, Henry Overholser, Oscar Ameringer, Jack C. Walton, Angelo C. Scott, and James W. Maney.\n\nBy the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the new state's population center and commercial hub. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Gene Ball",
"paragraph_text": " an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.\nFrom 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.\n\n\n== References ==\nContributor biography in Emotions in Humans and Artifacts, by Robert Trappl, Paolo Petta, and Sabine Payr. ISBN 0-262-20142-9.Gene Ball is a computer science researcher and computer programmer.\nBall obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.\nIn 1979, along with Rashid, Ball worked as a researcher Carnegie Mellon University. In 1983, he left academia for two years, spending 1983 and 1984 designing software at Formative Technologies. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.\nFrom 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.\n\n\n== References ==\nContributor biography in Emotions in Humans and Artifacts, by Robert Trappl, Paolo Petta, and Sabine Payr. ISBN 0-262-20142-9.Gene Ball is a computer science researcher and computer programmer.\nBall obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.\nIn 1979, along with Rashid, Ball worked as a researcher Carnegie Mellon University. In 1983, he left academia for two years, spending 1983 and 1984 designing software at Formative Technologies. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.\nFrom 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.\n\n\n== References ==\nContributor biography in Emotions in Humans and Artifacts, by Robert Trappl, Paolo Petta, and Sabine Payr. ISBN 0-262-20142-9.Gene Ball is a computer science researcher and computer programmer.\nBall obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.\nIn 1979, along with Rashid, Ball worked as a researcher Carnegie Mellon University. In 1983, he left academia for two years, spending 1983 and 1984 designing software at Formative Technologies. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.\nFrom 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.\n\n\n== References ==\nContributor biography in Emotions in Humans and Artifacts,Ball obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.GBall obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games., one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games.\nIn 1979, along with Rashid, Ball worked as a researcher Carnegie Mellon University. In 1983, he left academia for two years, spending 1983 and 1984 designing software at Formative Technologies. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Delaware at Newark.\nFrom 1991 until 2001 he was a researcher at Microsoft, leading the Persona Project, which focused on developing lifelike computer characters that could conversationally interact with users.\n\n\n== References ==\nContributor biography in Emotions",
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] | What is the number of employees at the educational institution where Gene Ball studied? | [
{
"id": 658472,
"question": "Gene Ball >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 5385,
"question": "How many people work in #1 ?",
"answer": "11,900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 11,900 | [] | true | How many people work at the school where Gene Ball was educated? |
2hop__142443_768138 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pulse (1988 film)",
"paragraph_text": " father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he'd been listening to “the sounds of the house…..the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself .\nGolding wrote the screenplay under the working titles of House, Tract and Currents in 1981 but couldn't get it made until Columbia eventually took it on seven years later. David Morse and Tommy Lee Jones both auditioned for the role of Bill but lost to Cliff De Young. Production was completed a day early and $1 million under its $6 million budget, and as a result were able to afford Oxford Scientific Films to do many of the special effects.\n\n\n== Release ==\nDavid V. Picker, the head of Paramount Pictures at the time, was impressed by the film and intended to position it as a wide release, but changes in studio management curtailed this and it was only released theatrically in Texas and Oklahoma, while it went straight to video elsewhere. The movie did however become a success on video.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nPulse has a 64% approval rating at the online review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews.\n\n\n== Music ==\nThe musical score for Pulse was composed by Jay Ferguson, who also composed \"Pictures of You\" from the soundtrack to The Terminator, and the film score to A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nPulse at IMDbPulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, Matthew Lawrence, and Charles Tyner. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research Corporation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA highlyPulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research. by Cinema Research Corporation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house. It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it. Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts. Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean S",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix",
"paragraph_text": " Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Top 40/Mainstream chart. It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada, and number 68 in Australia.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall. The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nAccording to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute. Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F��6.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nIn the United States, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993. The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993. Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes and Eric Beall and produced by Forbes, Beall, Steve Barri and Tony Peluso, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is Lawrence's most successful single, peaking at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Top 40/Mainstream chart. It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada, and number 68 in Australia.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall. The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nAccording to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute. Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F��6.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nIn the United States, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993. The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue dated May 8, 1993. On the 1993 year-end chart, the song achieved a position of number 92.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe video premiered on February 15, 1993, during an",
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] | What is the name of the sibling of the artist who created the album for 'Nothin' My Love Can't Fix'? | [
{
"id": 142443,
"question": "What is the name of the performer that released the album Nothin' My Love Can't Fix?",
"answer": "Joey Lawrence",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 768138,
"question": "#1 >> sibling",
"answer": "Matthew Lawrence",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Matthew Lawrence | [] | true | Who is the brother of the artist who made Nothin' My Love Can't Fix's album? |
2hop__446324_620302 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Matt Cohen (writer)",
"paragraph_text": " sell well in the French and Spanish markets.\nHis greatest critical success as a writer was his final novel Elizabeth and After which won the 1999 Governor General's Award for English-language Fiction only a few weeks before his death. He had been nominated twice previously, but had not won, in 1979 for The Sweet Second Summer of Kitty Malone and in 1997 for Last Seen.\nA founding member of the Writers' Union of Canada, he served on the executive board for many years and as president in 1986. During his presidency, the Writer's Union was finally able to persuade the government of Canada to form a commission and establish a Public Lending Right program. He also served on the Toronto Arts Council as chair of the Literary Division and was able to obtain increased funding for writers. In recognition of this work, he was awarded a Toronto Arts Award and the Harbourfront Prize.\nHe also published a number of children's books under the pseudonym Teddy Jam. Cohen's authorship of the Teddy Jam books was not revealed until after his death. Dr. Kiss, illustrated by Joanne Fitzgerald won the Governor General's Award in 1991 and Fishing Summer was also nominated for a Governor General's Award for children's literature in 1997, making Cohen one of the few writers ever to be nominated for Governor General's Awards in two different categories in the same year.\nHe was married three times; first to Arden Ford, next to Susan Bricker and then to Patsy Aldana.\nCohen died at home in Toronto after a battle with lung cancer. His final book of short stories, Getting Lucky, and his final Teddy Jam title, The Kid's Line, were posthumously published in 2001. A Canadian literary award, the Matt Cohen Award, is presented in Cohen's memory by the Writers' Trust of Canada.\nA film adaptation of his 1990 novel Emotional ArithmeticMatt Cohen was born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of Morris Cohen and Beatrice Sohn, and grew up in Ottawa. He studied political economy at the University of Toronto and taught political philosophy and religion at McMaster University in the late 1960s before publishing his first novel \"Korsoniloff\" in 1969.MMatt Cohen was born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of Morris Cohen and Beatrice Sohn, and grew up in Ottawa. He studied political economy at the University of Toronto and taught political philosophy and religion at McMaster University in the late 1960s before publishing his first novel \"Korsoniloff\" in 1969. He studied political economy at the University of Toronto and taught political philosophy and religion at McMaster University in the late 1960s before publishing his first novel Korsoniloff in 1969.\nHis fiction was translated into German, Dutch, French, Greek, Spanish and Portuguese. The Spanish Doctor, his biggest international success, continues to sell well in the French and Spanish markets.\nHis greatest critical success as a writer was his final novel Elizabeth and After which won the 1999 Governor General's Award for English-language Fiction only a few weeks before his death. He had been nominated twice previously, but had not won, in 1979 for The Sweet Second Summer of Kitty Malone and in 1997 for Last Seen.\nA founding member of the Writers' Union of Canada, he served on the executive board for many years and as president in 1986. During his presidency, the Writer's Union was finally able to persuade the government of Canada to form a commission and establish a Public Lending Right program. He also served on the Toronto Arts Council as chair of the Literary Division and was able to obtain increased funding for writers. In recognition of this work, he was awarded a Toronto Arts Award and the Harbourfront Prize.\nHe also published a number of children's books under the pseudonym Teddy Jam. Cohen's authorship of the Teddy Jam books was not revealed until after his death. Dr. Kiss, illustrated by Joanne Fitzgerald won the Governor General's Award in 1991 and Fishing Summer was also nominated for a Governor General's Award for children's literature in 1997, making Cohen one of the few writers ever to be nominated for Governor General's Awards in two different categories in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Elizabeth and After",
"paragraph_text": " after a three-year absence in the hope that he can live with his daughter again, and maybe even renew his relationship with his ex-wife, Chrissy. He carries deep in his heart his guilt of having driven his car into a tree, killing his mother, Elizabeth, many years earlier.\nElizabeth's sudden death ended not only an unhappy marriage she had with William McKelvey, a failed farmer, but also a secret relationship she had with Adam Goldsmith, Carl's real father. Elizabeth might have felt that the uncultured McKelvey ruined her life, or she might be too frightened to ruin her life herself by leaving him. In either case, her life has affected McKelvey, Adam and Carl so deeply that her influence is still felt eleven years later.\nWhen Carl is attacked by Fred (Chrissy's boyfriend), Adam, even though reserved and gentle-natured, decides to do something for his son. Adam takes Fred in his car and drives him into the same tree that Elizabeth's car crashed into eleven years earlier. Both Adam and Fred are killed instantly. Carl learns about his relationship with Adam in a letter Adam left for him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe novel received positive reviews. Kirkus Reviews described the novel as \"An extremely satisfying work, finding new depth in old themes, and offering a fitting memorial to a talented, deeply humane writer.\" Publishers Weekly wrote that Cohen's \"empathy and compassion, and his delicateElizabeth and After is a novel by Matt Cohen, first published in 1999 by Knopf Canada. His final novel, it won the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction just a few weeks before Cohen's death.ElElizabeth and After is a novel by Matt Cohen, first published in 1999 by Knopf Canada. His final novel, it won the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction just a few weeks before Cohen's death.== Plot summary ==\nThe story is about the lives of a few people living in a small town north of Kingston, Ontario. Carl McKelvey, a \"white trash male\" as he describes himself, returns to the town after a three-year absence in the hope that he can live with his daughter again, and maybe even renew his relationship with his ex-wife, Chrissy. He carries deep in his heart his guilt of having driven his car into a tree, killing his mother, Elizabeth, many years earlier.\nElizabeth's sudden death ended not only an unhappy marriage she had with William McKelvey, a failed farmer, but also a secret relationship she had with Adam Goldsmith, Carl's real father. Elizabeth might have felt that the uncultured McKelvey ruined her life, or she might be too frightened to ruin her life herself by leaving him. In either case, her life has affected McKelvey, Adam and Carl so deeply that her influence is still felt eleven years later.\nWhen Carl is attacked by Fred (Chrissy's boyfriend), Adam, even though reserved and gentle-natured, decides to do something for his son. Adam takes Fred in his car and drives him into the same tree that Elizabeth's car crashed into eleven years earlier. Both Adam and Fred are killed instantly. Carl learns about his relationship with Adam in a letter Adam left for him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe novel received positive reviews. Kirkus Reviews described the novel as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which university was attended by the author of Elizabeth and After? | [
{
"id": 446324,
"question": "Elizabeth and After >> author",
"answer": "Matt Cohen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 620302,
"question": "#1 >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | University of Toronto | [
"UT"
] | true | The author of Elizabeth and After attended which university? |
2hop__123104_77615 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Paolo Manalo",
"paragraph_text": " Para sa Natatanging Likha ng Sining (Outstanding Literary Work).\nHe earned his Ph.D. creative writing at the University of St Andrews.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAuthor profile on panitikan.com.ph\nPoetry on 2nd Ave Poetry\n[1]Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.\nJolography, his first book of poems, received the 1st prize in poetry from the 2002 Palanca Awards and the 2004 U.P. Gawad Chancellor Para sa Natatanging Likha ng Sining (Outstanding Literary Work).\nHe earned his Ph.DPaolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.PPaolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.Jolography, his first book of poems, received the 1st prize in poetry from the 2002 Palanca Awards and the 2004 U.P. Gawad Chancellor Para sa Natatanging Likha ng Sining (Outstanding Literary Work).\nHe earned his Ph.D. creative writing at the University of St Andrews.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAuthor profile on panitikan.com.ph\nPoetry on 2nd Ave Poetry\n[1]Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)",
"paragraph_text": " other students, but also receive basic military training and officer training from the branch of service that handles their school's ROTC unit. The students participate inROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.ResROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922. of the ROTC advance program serve in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. In 2008, ROTC graduates of the officer candidate schools of the various services constituted roughly 75% of the AFP officer corps. The ROTC grants qualified student-cadets scholarship benefits through a merit-based incentive program in return for an obligation of military service in the reserve force, or active duty in the AFP if given the opportunity, after graduation.\nROTC student-cadets attend college like other students, but also receive basic military training and officer training from the branch of service that handles their school's ROTC unit. The students participate inROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) in the Philippines is one of three components of the National Service Training Program, the civic education and defense preparedness program for Filipino college students. ROTC aims to provide military education and training for students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. Its specific objectives include preparation of college students for service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of an emergency and their training to become reservists and potential commissioned officers of the AFP.\nGraduates of the ROTC advance program serve in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. In 2008, ROTC graduates of the officer candidate schools of the various services constituted roughly 75% of the AFP officer corps. The ROTC grants qualified student-cadets scholarship benefits through a merit-based incentive program in return for an obligation of military service in the reserve force, or active duty in the AFP if given the opportunity, after graduation.\nROTC student-cadets attend college like other students, but also receive basic military training and officer training from the branch of service that handles their school's ROTC unit. The students participate in regular ROTC instruction during the school year (one school year for Basic ROTC student-cadets and three school years for Advance ROTC cadet-officers), and extended training activities during the summer, such as the ROTC Summer Camp Training (RSCT) and the Advance ROTC Academic Phase Training (ARAPT).\nROTC units in colleges and universities are organized through the Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST) which is under joint supervision by the school administration and the Department of National Defense. These ROTC units are in turn managed by active duty officers of the AFP and the reservist organization representatives of the major services, the Philippine Army Reserve Command of the Philippine Army, the Philippine Navy Reserve Command of the Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air Force Reserve Command of the Philippine Air Force.\n\n\n== Nomenclature ==\nCommonwealth Act No. 1, the National Defense Act of 1935, referred to the ROTC as the \"Reserve Officers Training Corps\", whereas Republic Act No. 7077, the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act of 1991, referred to the ROTC as the \"Reserve Officers' Training Corps\", ascribing the possessive form to the word \"officers\". \nRepublic Act No. 9163, the National Service Training Program Act of 2001 likewise uses the same possessive form as RA 7077.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor-General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on July 3, 1922.\nIn 1921, National University became the first private college in the Philippines to have an ROTC unit. Later in the same year, Ateneo de Manila University, Liceo de Manila, and Colegio de San Juan de Letran soon followed suit and organized their own respective ROTC units. In 1936, the Office of the Superintendent for ROTC Units under the Philippine Army was activated to supervise all ROTC units in the country.\n\n\n=== National Defense Act of 1935 ===\n\nPresident Manuel L. Quezon issued Executive Order No. 207 in 1939 in order to implement the National Defense Act of 1935, otherwise known as Commonwealth Act No. 1, the embodiment of the national defense plan formulated by General Douglas MacArthur for the Philippine Commonwealth. This executive order made ROTC obligatory at all colleges and universities with a total enrollment of 100 students and greater. This measure was made in order to help fill out the reserve force requirement of 400,000 men by 1946 and especially for junior reserve officers.\n\n\n=== World War II ===\n\nAt the onset of World War II in 1941, thirty-three colleges and universities in the Philippines had organized ROTC units, the cadets and officers of which would see action for the first time. Elements from different ROTC units in Metro Manila took part in the Battle of Bataan. ROTC cadets of Silliman University in the Visayas made up 45% of the strength of the 75th Infantry Regiment of the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). Various ROTC units joined volunteers from the Philippine Military Academy to form the Hunters ROTC guerrilla group, which took part in the resistance movement during the Japanese occupation after the last American and Filipino forces had surrendered.\n\n\n=== Post-World War II ===\nOn September 13, 1946, the Philippine Army Headquarters reactivated the pre-war ROTC units. The Philippine Army became the Armed Forces of the Philippines on December 23, 1950, at which time the Philippines was divided into four military areas and ROTC units operating within these areas fell under the supervision of their respective Area Commanders. On February 8, 1967, President Ferdinand Marcos rescinded Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, promulgating Executive Order No. 59 in its place. This executive order made ROTC mandatory at all colleges, universities, and other institutions with an enrollment of 250 male students and greater. President Marcos also issued Presidential Decree No. 1706, otherwise known as the \"National Service Law\", on August 8, 1980. It made national service obligatory for all Filipino citizens and specified three categories of national service: civic welfare service, law enforcement service, and military service.\n\n\n=== Republic Act 7077 ===\nRepublic Act 7077, otherwise known as the \"Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act\", was enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines on June 27, 1991. The Reservist Act provided for the organization, training, and utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the commencement of military training at the educational institution where Paulo Manalo studied? | [
{
"id": 123104,
"question": "What university did Paolo Manalo attend?",
"answer": "University of the Philippines",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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{
"id": 77615,
"question": "when did the military instruction start in #1",
"answer": "1912",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
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] | 1912 | [] | true | When did the military instruction start in the university that Paulo Manalo attended? |
2hop__223823_29905 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "African Guitar Summit",
"paragraph_text": " The producer of African Guitar Summit was Todd Fraracci.\nThe nine musicians rehearsed and arranged for three days, sharing stories and experiences. On the fourth day the group debuted in a concert at CBC's Glenn Gould Studio. The following three days were spent in CBC Studio 211 recording their self-titled CD. Everything was recorded live off the floor, in one or two takes.\nAfrican Guitar Summit was released on CBC Records in November 2004, and went on to win the Juno Award for World Music Album of the Year. The group performed an arrangement of Mwembo at the Juno Awards Gala in Winnipeg, April 2, 2005 and, in the same year, at the Live 8 concert in Barrie, near Toronto.\nTheir second album, African Guitar Summit II was released in 2006 and nominated as World Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2007.\nIn 2016 and 2017, under the management of the Herschel Freeman Agency, the group toured the US.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nAfrican Guitar Summit (Vol 1 CD) (November 2, 2004)\nAfrican Guitar Summit (Vol 2 CD) (September 26, 2006)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAfrican Guitar Summit on MyspaceAfrican Guitar Summit is a group of nine Canadian musicians,The nine musicians rehearsed and arranged for three days, sharing stories and experiences. On the fourth day the group debuted in a concert at CBC's Glenn Gould Studio. The following three days were spent in CBC Studio 211 recording their self-titled CD. Everything was recorded live off the floor, in one or two takes.African Guitar Summit is a group of nine Canadian musicians, all of African origin, who perform traditional songs from their native countries.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe African Guitar Summit was organized inThe nine musicians rehearsed and arranged for three days, sharing stories and experiences. On the fourth day the group debuted in a concert at CBC's Glenn Gould Studio. The following three days were spent in CBC Studio 211 recording their self-titled CD. Everything was recorded live off the floor, in one or two takes. on balafon Naby Camara. From Ghana, guitarist Pa Joe, singer Theo Yaw Boakye, and drummer Kofi Ackah took part. Additional musicians were Adam Solomon from Kenya, Mighty Popo from Burundi/Rwanda, and from Madagascar guitarist and harmony singer Donné Robert and Madagascar Slim. The producer of African Guitar Summit was Todd Fraracci.\nThe nine musicians rehearsed and arranged for three days, sharing stories and experiences. On the fourth day the group debuted in a concert at CBC's Glenn Gould Studio. The following three days were spent in CBC Studio 211 recording their self-titled CD. Everything was recorded live off the floor, in one or two takes.\nAfrican Guitar Summit was released on CBC Records in November 2004, and went on to win the Juno Award for World Music Album of the Year. The group performed an arrangement of Mwembo at the Juno Awards Gala in Winnipeg, April 2, 2005 and, in the same year, at the Live 8 concert in Barrie, near Toronto.\nTheir second album, African Guitar Summit II was released in 2006 and nominated as World Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2007.\nIn 2016 and 2017, under the management of the Herschel Freeman Agency, the group toured the US.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nAfrican Guitar Summit (Vol 1 CD) (November 2, 2004)\nAfrican Guitar Summit (Vol 2 CD) (September 26, 2006)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAfrican Guitar Summit on MyspaceAfrican Guitar Summit is a group of nine Canadian musicians,The nine musicians rehearsed and arranged for three days, sharing stories and experiences. On the fourth day the group debuted in a concert at CBC's Glenn Gould Studio. The following three days were spent in CBC Studio 211 recording their self-titled CD. Everything was recorded live off the floor, in one or two takes.African Guitar Summit is a group of nine Canadian musicians, all of African origin, who perform traditional songs from their native countries.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe African Guitar Summit was organized in Toronto as part of a performance project for CBC Radio's On Stage program. Musicians were, from Guinea, guitarist Alpha Yaya Diallo and on balafon Naby Camara. From Ghana, guitarist Pa Joe, singer",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "CBC Television",
"paragraph_text": " An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with \"CF\" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada, respectively.\nAlthough some local stations in Canada predate its founding, the CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936. The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language CBC Radio One and CBC Music, and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique (international radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language CBC Television and the French-language Ici Radio-Canada Télé, along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel (partial ownership), and Ici ARTV. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North, and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.\nCBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight indigenous languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, Radio Canada International (RCI). However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters, including communities not subject to Canada's over-the-air digital television transition.\nThe CBC's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, the CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique, introduced limitedWhile its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published digital transition plans for none of its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to be converted to digital by the deadline. Under this plan, communities that receive analogue signals by rebroadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and Radio-Canada transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and Radio-Canada over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not planned to be converted to digital by the deadline.-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu, and Ici.TOU.TV.\nCBCMost CBC television stations, including those in the major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Before the deadline, how many compulsory transmitters belonging to the owner of the Canadian Broadcasting Centre were upgraded? | [
{
"id": 223823,
"question": "Canadian Broadcasting Centre >> owned by",
"answer": "CBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 29905,
"question": "How many of #1 's mandatory transmitters were updated before the deadline?",
"answer": "only about half",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | only about half | [] | true | How many mandatory transmitters of the Canadian Broadcasting Centre's owner were updated before the deadline? |
4hop2__9988_685934_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.\nThe Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the \"sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian, as was the majority of Lebanon. Starting in 1894, the Ottomans struck at the Armenians and Assyrians on the explicit grounds that they were non-Muslim peoples and as such were a potential threat to the Muslim empire within which they lived. The Hamidian Massacres, Adana Massacres and Massacres of Badr Khan targeting Assyrians and Armenians aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world. In the United States, the then aging Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, leapt into the war of words and joined the Red Cross. Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the \"Eastern question\", as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe.\nIt now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the nineteenth century, Near East came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term Far East appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam. Near East applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Europeans could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire.\nSome regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto-independent since the eighteenth century, formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire orThe regions inSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Historically, the term Near East was used in conjunction with the Middle East (Iran to Myanmar) and the Far East (China and beyond), together known as the \"three Easts\"; it was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The World (archipelago)",
"paragraph_text": " development led by Kleindienst Group.\n\n\n== The World Project ==\nIslands in the project range from 1.4 to 4.2 hectares (3.5 to 10.4 acres) in area. Distances between islands average 100 metres (110 yd); they are constructed from 321 million cubic metres of sand and 386 million tons of rock. Designed by Creative Kingdom Dubai, the development is an area that covers 6 by 9 kilometres (3.2 by 4.9 nmi) and is surrounded by an oval-shaped breakwater island. Roughly 232 km (144 mi) of shoreline has been created. The World's overall development costs were estimated at $13 billion CAD in 2005The World or The World Islands, (Arabic: جزر العالم; \"Juzur al-Ālam\") is an artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map, located in the waters of the Persian Gulf, off the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The World islands are composed mainly of sand dredged from Dubai's shallow coastal waters, and are one of several artificial island developments in Dubai. The World's developer is Nakheel Properties, and the project was originally conceived by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai. The actual construction was done by two Dutch (joint venture) specialist companies, Van Oord and Boskalis. The same companies also created the Palm Jumeirah.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the founding date of the nation located north of the area known for its unfortunate association with the "Near East," near a body of water housing The World islands? | [
{
"id": 9988,
"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?",
"answer": "\"Middle East\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 685934,
"question": "The World >> located in or next to body of water",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the country established that lies north of the region that prevailed with the disgrace of the "Near East" and the body of water containing The World islands? |
3hop2__802066_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Châu Đức District",
"paragraph_text": "ành, LáChâu Đức is a rural district of Bà Rịa–V��ng Tàu Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 149,707. The district covers an area of 421 km². The district capital lies at Ngãi Giao.ChChâu Đức is a rural district of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 149,707. The district covers an area of 421 km². The district capital lies at Ngãi Giao. \nThere are some natural sights here such as Bàu Sen and the Xuân Sơn waterfall.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\nThe district is subdivided to 16 commune-level subdivisions, including the township of Ngãi Giao and the rural communes of: Cù Bị, Kim Long, Xà Bang, Quảng Thành, LáChâu Đức is a rural district of Bà Rịa–V��ng Tàu Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú YSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four timeBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which geographical area of the country, that houses Châu Đức, was John Phan born? | [
{
"id": 802066,
"question": "Châu Đức >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of the country where Châu Đức is found, is the birthplace of John Phan? |
2hop__754021_20057 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Defective by Design",
"paragraph_text": "Defective by Design is an anti-DRM initiative by the Free Software Foundation. DRM technology, known as \"digital rights management\" technology by its supporters, restricts users' ability to freely use their purchased movies, music, literature, software, and hardware in ways they are accustomed to with ordinary non-restricted media (such as books and audio compact discs). As a result, DRM has been described as \"digital \"restrictions\" management\" or \"digital \"restrictions mechanisms\"\" by opponents. industry to increase awareness of the anti-DRM movement and pressure industries into no longer using DRM. They are known for their use of hazmat suits in their demonstrations.\nDBD represents one of the first efforts of the FSF to find common cause with mainstream social activists and encourage free software advocates to become socially involved. As of late 2006, the campaign was claiming over 12,000 registered members.\n\n\n== Position ==\nAccording to their website, DBD believes that DRM is used to control how consumers use the technology they are meant to own, as well as who can produce and distribute media—which the DBD equates to book burning—while conducting mass surveillance of media consumption habits. They argue that DRM \"is designed to take away every possible use of digital media, regardless of legal rights, and sell some of these functionalities back as severely limited services.\"\nDBD argues that DRM does not help, but rather hurts authors, publishers, studios, labels, and similar media producers and suppliers—especially those in independent media—by forcing them to work with distribution services that are difficult to switch away from. They also argue that DRM is not meant to prevent copyright infringement as claimed by proponents and is in fact completely separate from copyright, as if DRM really was used for those purposes, \"every distribution method for that particular piece of media would have to be distributed by an uncrackable DRM-encumbered distribution platform, which is impossible on its own.\"\nRather, DBD states DRM only helps technology companies and media conglomerates that profit from these by forcing producers and suppliers to remain working under them while also forcing users to continue using their services, regardless of the associated hassles and costs (such as having to maintain an internet connection with always-on DRM, or having to pay for otherwise basic features), by enforcing significant negatives of attempting to switch to other services, share media on DRM-protected services, or modify DRM-protected technology. DBD suggests that this way, DRM is a form of monopolization. DBD also argues that DRM allows these companies to micromanage media and control how they are distributed, even to the point of arbitrarily making media unavailable or deleting digital copies of said media from those who own it.\n\n\n== History ==\nDefective By Design is a joint effort by the Free Software Foundation and CivicActions, a company that develops online advocacy campaigns. The chief organizers are Gregory Heller of CivicActions, Peter T. Brown, executive director of the FSF, and Henry Poole, a CivicActions member who is also a director of the FSF.\nThe campaign was launched in May 2006, with an anti-DRM protest at WinHEC. The protest featured FSF members in yellow hazmat suits \"handing out pamphlets explaining that Microsoft products are – in the words of the key slogan for the campaign – 'defective by design' because of the DRM technologies included in them",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Intellectual property",
"paragraph_text": " appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Venetian Patent Statute of March 19, 1474, established by the Republic of Venice is usually considered to be the earliest codified patent system in the world. It states that patents might be granted for \"any new and ingenious device, not previously made\", provided it was useful. By and large, these principles still remain the basic principles of current patent laws. The Statute of Monopolies (1624) and the British Statute of Anne (1710) are seen as the origins of the currentFree Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term \"intellectual property\" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems.\nSupporters of intellectual property laws often describe their main purpose as encouraging the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place. Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds.\nThe intangible natureFree Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term. property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place. Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds.\nThe intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is \"indivisible\", since an unlimited number of people can in theory \"consume\" an intellectual good without its being depleted. Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the initiator of the organization responsible for establishing Defective by Design? | [
{
"id": 754021,
"question": "Defective by Design >> founded by",
"answer": "Free Software Foundation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 20057,
"question": "Who founded #1 ?",
"answer": "Richard Stallman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Richard Stallman | [
"rms"
] | true | Who started the organization that founded Defective by Design? |
2hop__265989_531490 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "WarGames",
"paragraph_text": "argames in the 1990s.\n\n\n== Professional vs recreational ==\n\nA professional wargame is a wargame that is used by a military as a serious tool for training or research. A recreational wargame is one played for fun, often in a competitive context.\nRecreational wargames can cover a wide variety of subjects, from pre-historic to modern – even fantasy or sci-fi combat. Games which do not include modern armaments and tactics are of limited interest to the military, though wargames covering famous historical battles can interest military historians. As professional wargames are used to prepare officers for actual warfare, there is naturally a strong emphasis on realism and current events.\nMilitary organizations are typically secretive about their current wargames, and thisWarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, and Ally Sheedy. The film follows David Lightman (Broderick), a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR (War Operation Plan Response), a United States military supercomputer originally programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war. Lightman gets WOPR to run a nuclear war simulation, believing it to be a computer game. The computer, now tied into the nuclear weapons control system and unable to tell the difference between simulation and reality, attempts to start World War III.AWarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, and Ally Sheedy. The film follows David Lightman (Broderick), a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR (War Operation Plan Response), a United States military supercomputer originally programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war. Lightman gets WOPR to run a nuclear war simulation, believing it to be a computer game. The computer, now tied into the nuclear weapons control system and unable to tell the difference between simulation and reality, attempts to start World War III. writers may refer to a military's field training exercises as \"live wargames\", but certain institutions such as the US Navy do not accept this. Likewise, activities like capture the flag, paintball, and Airsoft are classified as physical sports. Wargaming is a mind sport.\nModern wargaming was invented in Prussia in the early 19th-century, and eventually the Prussian military adopted wargaming as a tool for training their officers and developing doctrine. After Prussia defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War, wargaming was widely adopted by military officers in other countries. Civilian enthusiasts also played wargames for fun, but this was a niche hobby until the development of consumer electronic wargames in the 1990s.\n\n\n== Professional vs recreational ==\n\nA professional wargame is a wargame that is used by a military as a serious tool for training or research. A recreational wargame is one played for fun, often in a competitive context.\nRecreational wargames can cover a wide variety of subjects, from pre-historic to modern – even fantasy or sci-fi combat. Games which do not include modern armaments and tactics are of limited interest to the military, though wargames covering famous historical battles can interest military historians. As professional wargames are used to prepare officers for actual warfare, there is naturally a strong emphasis on realism and current events.\nMilitary organizations are typically secretive about their current wargames, and thisWarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, and Ally Sheedy. The film follows David Lightman (Broderick), a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR (War Operation",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lawrence Lasker",
"paragraph_text": " were nominated for an Academy Award in screenwriting in 1983 for WarGames. Parkes and he later were nominated for Best Picture of the Year in 1990 for Awakenings.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLawrence Lasker at IMDbLawrence Charles Lasker (born October 7, 1949) is an American screenwriter and producer who entered American film in 1983 as writer of the movie WarGames.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nLasker was born in Los Angeles County, California. He is the son of actor Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmothers were actor Doris Kenyon and Mary Woodard Lasker. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\nAlso cameo as \"Party Guest\" in The Other Side of the Wind (2018).\n\n\n== Work nominated for awards ==\nLasker and Walter F. Parkes were nominated for an Academy Award in screenwriting in 1983 for WarGames. Parkes and he later were nominated for Best Picture of the Year in 1990 for Awakenings.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLawrence Lasker at IMDbLawrence Charles Lasker (born October 7, 1949) is an American screenwriter and producer who entered American film in 1983 asLasker was born in Los Angeles County, California. He is the son of actress Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmothers were actress Doris Kenyon and Mary Woodard Lasker. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father.LLasker was born in Los Angeles County, California. He is the son of actress Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmothers were actress Doris Kenyon and Mary Woodard Lasker. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father. his paternal step-grandmothers were actor Doris Kenyon and Mary Woodard Lasker. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\nAlso cameo as \"Party Guest\" in The Other Side of the Wind (2018).\n\n\n== Work nominated for awards ==\nLasker and Walter F. Parkes were nominated for an Academy Award in screenwriting in 1983 for WarGames. Parkes and he later were nominated for Best Picture of the Year in 1990 for Awakenings.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLawrence Lasker at IMDbLawrence Charles Lasker (born October 7, 1949) is an American screenwriter and producer who entered American film in 1983 as writer of the movie WarGames.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nLasker was born in Los Angeles County, California. He is the son of actor Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmothers were actor Doris Kenyon and Mary Woodard Lasker. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the maternal parent of the individual who wrote the screenplay for WarGames? | [
{
"id": 265989,
"question": "WarGames >> screenwriter",
"answer": "Lawrence Lasker",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 531490,
"question": "#1 >> mother",
"answer": "Jane Greer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Jane Greer | [] | true | Who is the mother of the screenwriter of WarGames? |
2hop__85596_807969 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of top Premier League goal scorers by season",
"paragraph_text": "–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\n== 2011–12 ==\n\n\n== 2012–13 ==\n\n\n== 2013–14 ==\n\n\n== 2014–15 ==\n\n\n== 2015–16 ==\n\n\n== 2016–17 ==\n\n\n== 2017–18 ==\n\n\n== 2018–19 ==\n\n\n== 2019–20 ==\n\n\n== 2020–21 ==\n\n\n== 2021–22 ==\n\n\n== 2022–23 ==\n\n\n== 2023–24 ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nPremier League Golden Boot\nList of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of footballers who have scored the most goals in each season in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.\n\n\n== 1992–93 ==\nThe top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22.\n\n\n== 1993–94 ==\n\n\n== 1994–95 ==\n\n\n== 1995–96 ==\n\n\n== 1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–08 ==\n\n\n== 2008–09 ==\n\n\n== 2009–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\nRank Player Club Goals Mohamed Salah Liverpool 32 Harry Kane Tottenham Hotspur 30 Sergio Agüero Manchester City 21 Jamie Vardy Leicester City 20 5 Raheem SterlingRank Player Club Goals Mohamed Salah Liverpool 32 Harry Kane Tottenham Hotspur 30 Sergio Agüero Manchester City 21 Jamie Vardy Leicester City 20 5 Raheem Sterling Manchester City 18 6 Romelu Lukaku Manchester United 16 7 Roberto Firmino Liverpool 15 8 Alexandre Lacazette Arsenal 14 9 Gabriel Jesus Manchester City 13 10 Son Heung - min Tottenham Hotspur 12 Eden Hazard Chelsea Glenn Murray Brighton and Hove Albion Riyad Mahrez Leicester City1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–08 ==\n\n\n== 2008–09 ==\n\n\n== 2009–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\n== 2011–12 ==\n\n\n== 2012–13 ==\n\n\n== 2013–14 ==\n\n\n== 2014–15 ==\n\n\n== 2015–16 ==\n\n\n== 2016–17 ==\n\n\n== 2017–18 ==\n\n\n== 2018–19 ==\n\n\n== 2019–20 ==\n\n\n== 2020–21 ==\n\n\n== 2021–22 ==\n\n\n== 2022–23 ==\n\n\n== 2023–24 ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nPremier League Golden Boot\nList of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of footballers who have scored the most goals in each season in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.\n\n\n== 1992–93 ==\nThe top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22.\n\n\n== 1993–94 ==\n\n\n== 1994–95 ==\n\n\n== 1995–96 ==\n\n\n== 1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 200",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Ahmed Salah Hosny",
"paragraph_text": "Ahmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (ArabicAhmed Salah Mohammed Hosny Hassan (born 11 July 1979) is a footballer from Egypt who played for VfB Stuttgart and the Egypt national football team. Recently, Hosny turned to art since he has worked with Amr Diab and Mohamed Hamaki in composing songs in their music albums, and most recently he has played a role (Fu'ad Hareedy) in the Egyptian series \"Sharbat Looz\" which has been premiered in the holy month of Ramadan (July 2012).Ahmed Salah Mohammed Hosny Hassan (born 11 July 1979) is a footballer from Egypt who played for VfB Stuttgart and the Egypt national football team. Recently, Hosny turned to art since he has worked with Amr Diab and Mohamed Hamaki in composing songs in their music albums, and most recently he has played a role (Fu'ad Hareedy) in the Egyptian series \"Sharbat Looz\" which has been premiered in the holy month of Ramadan (July 2012).Ahmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which EPL team does the player with the most goals belong to? | [
{
"id": 85596,
"question": "who is the highest goal scorer in the epl",
"answer": "Mohamed Salah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 807969,
"question": "#1 >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Egypt national football team",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Egypt national football team | [] | true | What team is the highest goal scorer in the EPL a member of? |
4hop1__567737_141375_458768_33632 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "EmArcy Records",
"paragraph_text": " The catalogue is managed by the Island Records subsidiary.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nMono 12\" LP series (1954–c. 1958)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial site\nMichael Fitzgerald Jazz Discography; Emarcy 36000 series\nModern Jazz Discography: Emarcy Records discographies (via Mercury page)\nEmArcy Records on the Internet Archive's Great 78 ProjectEmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Bob Shad for the American Mercury Records. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company.\nDuring the 1950s and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy.\nToday, it is a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The catalogue is managed by the Island Records subsidiary.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nMono 12\" LP series (1954–c. 1958)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial site\nMichael Fitzgerald Jazz Discography; Emarcy 36000 series\nModern Jazz Discography: Emarcy Records discographies (via Mercury page)\nEmArcy Records on the Internet Archive's Great 78 ProjectEmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Bob Shad for the American Mercury Records. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company.\nDuring the 1950s and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy.\nToday, it is a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The catalogue isEmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company.EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company. and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy.\nToday",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Study in Brown",
"paragraph_text": "udy in Brown (EmArcy Records, 1955) is a Clifford Brown and Max Roach album. The album consists predominantly of originals by members of the band.Study in Brown (EmArcy Records, 1955) is a Clifford Brown and Max Roach album. The album consists predominantly of originals by members of the band. The songs \"Lands End\", by tenor saxophonist Harold Land, and \"Sandu\", by Brown, have gone on to become jazz standards. The song \"George's Dilemma\" is also known as \"Ulcer Department\". Brown's solo on \"Cherokee\" is among the most acclaimed solos in jazz.Study in Brown (EmArcy Records, 1955) is a Clifford Brown and Max Roach album. The album consists predominantly of originals by members of the band. The songs \"Lands End\", by tenor saxophonist Harold Land, and \"Sandu\", by Brown, have gone on to become jazz standards. The song \"George's Dilemma\" is also known as \"Ulcer Department\". Brown's solo on \"Cherokee\" is among the most acclaimed solos in jazz.Study in Brown (EmArcy Records, 1955) is a Clifford Brown and Max Roach album. The album consists predominantly of originals by members of the band. The songs \"Lands End\", by tenor saxophonist Harold Land, and \"Sandu\", by Brown, have gone on to become jazz standards. The song \"George's Dilemma\" is also known as \"Ulcer Department\". Brown's solo on \"Cherokee\" is among the most acclaimed solos in jazz.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Cherokee\" (Ray Noble) – 5:44\n\"Jacqui\" (Richie Powell) – 5:11\n\"Swingin'\" (Clifford Brown) – 2:52\n\"Lands End\" (Harold Land) – 4:57\n\"George's Dilemma\" (Brown) – 5:36\n\"Sandu\" (Brown) – 4:57\n\"Gerkin for Perkin\" (Brown) – 2:56\n\"If I Love Again\" (Jack Murray and Ben Oakland) – 3:24\n\"Take the \"A\" Train\" (Billy Strayhorn) – 4:16\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nClifford Brown – trumpet\nHarold Land – ten",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Spanish: Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. CensusSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was startedThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | On which day does the city, which is home to the corporation owning the record label that published Study in Brown, celebrate its feast? | [
{
"id": 567737,
"question": "Study in Brown >> record label",
"answer": "EmArcy Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 141375,
"question": "What company is #1 part of?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 33632,
"question": "What day is the #3 Feast held on?",
"answer": "May 4",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | May 4 | [] | true | What day is the feast held in the city containing the headquarters of the company, that owns the record label that released Study in Brown? |
4hop1__88342_49853_128008_92225 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": " into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members. According to Forbes, the Yankees are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the world, after the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, with an estimated value in 2023 of approximately $7.1 billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The team's rivalry with the Boston Red Sox is one of the most well-known rivalries in North American sports. The team's logo is internationally known as a fashion item and an icon of New York City and the United States.\nFrom 1903 through the 2023 season, the Yankees' overall win–loss record is 10,684–8,080–88 (a .569 winning percentage).\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1901–1902: Origins in Baltimore ===The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants. In 2009, they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": " issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to oneMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a divisionIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"paragraph_text": " also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games).\nUnder the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled to play Opening Day, March 29—the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday nightThe 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The Postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship.\nThe 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of the Washington Nationals. The American League won, 8–6, in 10 innings.\nThis was also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games).\nUnder the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled to play Opening Day, March 29—the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday night game before the All-Star Game was replaced by a single, nationally televised game on the Thursday after the All-Star Game (which for 2018, was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs), before all other teams returned from break the next day.\nThe Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two-game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on April 17 and 18, while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres played a three-game series at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, from May 4 to 6. The 2018 MLB Little League Classic at BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, coinciding with the Little League World Series, returned to the schedule. It was played between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets on August 19.\n\n\n== Rule changes ==\nBeginning in the 2018 season, MLB implemented new pace of play rules, which include limiting the number of mound visits for each team to six per nine innings. Teams will receive an additional visit for every extra inning played.\n\n\n== Standings ==\n\n\n== Postseason ==\n\n\n=== Bracket ===\n\n\n== Managerial changes ==\n\n\n=== General managers ===\n\n\n==== Offseason ====\n\n\n==== In-season ====\n\n\n=== Field managers ===\n\n\n==== Offseason ====\n\n\n==== In–season ====\n\n\n== League leaders ==\n\n\n=== American League ===\n\n\n=== National League ===\n\n\n== Milestones ==\n\n\n=== Batters ===\nMatt Davidson (CWS):\nBecame the fourth player in the live-ball era (since 1920) to hit three home runs on opening day joining Dmitri Young (2005), Tuffy Rhodes (1994), and George Bell (1988). Davidson accomplished this feat on March 29 against the Kansas City Royals.\nGeorge Springer (HOU):\nWith his Opening Day lead-off home run on March 29 against the Texas Rangers, Springer became the first player in Major League history to lead off back-to-back seasons with a home run.\nJoe Panik (SF):\nBecame the first player in Major League history to hit a home run in consecutive 1–0 victories by his team on March 30.\nBecame the first player in Major League history to score his team's first three runs in a season off solo home runs. This was during the team's home opener on April 3.\nAdrián Beltré (TEX):\nWith a second-inning double on April 5 against the Oakland Athletics, Beltré became the all-time leader in hits by a player from Latin America. Beltré, from the Dominican Republic, passed Rod Carew of Panama with the 3,054th hit in his career.\nWith a fourth-inning double on June 13 against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Beltré became the all-time leader in hits by a non-U.S. native, passing Ichiro Suzuki.\nRecorded his",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the date of the season's commencement for the league wherein the team with the highest championship titles, from which MVP awards were also distributed, participates? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 49853,
"question": "what team has the most #1 titles",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 92225,
"question": "when is opening day of #3 season",
"answer": "March 29, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | March 29, 2018 | [] | true | When is opening day of the season of the league that the team that has the most titles from the competition they gave out MVP awards after? |
4hop1__310029_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit stops came, during which Alexander Rossi made contact with the wall and was forced to retire from the race, though there was no caution for this incident. Shortly after, however, Rossi's teammate Takuma Sato made contact with the turn four wall and came to a stop on the frontstretch, bringing out the caution. Due to where the pit stop cycle was at the time, Pagenaud now held a sizable advantage on the field, allowing him to pit under yellow without losing any track positionAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland",
"paragraph_text": " John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ musicJazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits and a subsequent edition titled Wonderland.Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label in September of that year. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits, and a subsequent edition was titled Wonderland, leading to the combined title of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nBoth \"Alice's Wonderland\" and \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" were originally written for the 1959 John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ music was almost entirely replaced for the final version of the film. A partial reconstruction of the soundtrack was released in 2015 as the compilation album Shadows.\nA reworked version of \"Nostalgia in Times Square,\" with vocals by Honi Gordon, was recorded during Mingus' 1959 Mingus Dynasty sessions and included on reissues of that album as a bonus track titled \"Strollin'\".\nThough never a major part of Mingus’ repertoire, \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" has since become a jazz standard, widely performed and recorded by other musicians. Notably, jazz fusion trio Medeski Martin & Wood have long performed the song, usually as part of a medley with Sun Ra’s “Angel Race.”\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe AllMusic review by Scott Yanow called the music \"advanced bop that looks toward the upcoming innovations of the avant-garde and is frequently quite exciting\". \n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except as indicated\n\"Nostalgia in Times Square\" – 12:18\n\"I Can't Get Started\" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) – 10:08\n\"No Private Income BluesJazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits and a subsequent edition titled Wonderland. and a subsequent edition was titled Wonderland, leading to the combined title of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nBoth \"Alice's Wonderland\" and \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" were originally written for the 1959 John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ music",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. TucsonTucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the champion of the Indy car competition in the most densely populated city in the home state of the artist behind Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland? | [
{
"id": 310029,
"question": "Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest populated city in the state where the Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland performer is from? |
3hop2__87184_92991_76291 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends when it adjourns; hence, it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day). The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules; thus, in most cases, senators may speak for as long as they please. Often, the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits. In other cases (for example, for the budget process), limits are imposed by statute. In general, however, the right to unlimited debate is preserved.\n\n\n==== Filibuster ====\n\nThe filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely. A filibuster may entail, but does not actually require, long speeches, dilatory motions, and an extensive series of proposed amendments. The longest filibuster speech in the history of the Senate was delivered by Strom Thurmond, who spoke for over twenty-four hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Senate may end a filibuster by invoking cloture. In most cases, cloture requires the support of three-fifths of the Senate. Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority. If the Senate does invoke cloture, debate does not end immediately; instead, further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote.\n\n\n==== Closed session ====\n\nOn occasion, the Senate may go into what isThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "114th United States Congress",
"paragraph_text": " its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, whileThe One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931. California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The 114th United States Congress began on January 3, 2015. There were 13 new senators (one Democrat, 12 Republicans) and 59 new representatives (15 Democrats, 44 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was",
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},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in The Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-held seat. It also remains the last time that the president's party has suffered a net loss of Senate seats in a midterm election cycle.\n\n\n== Partisan composition ==\nFor a majority, Republicans needed at least 51 seats. Democrats could have retained a majority with 48 seats (assuming the two Independents continued to caucus with them) because the Democratic Vice President Joe Biden would become the tie-breaker. From 1915 to 2013, control of the U.S. Senate flipped in 10 of 50 cycles, or 20% of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the party ruling the House of Representatives seize governance of the branch that delineates the regulations of the US House and Senate? | [
{
"id": 87184,
"question": "who controls the house of representatives right now",
"answer": "the Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #1 take control of the #2",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the party that controls the House of Representatives take control of the branch who determines the rules of the US house and Senate? |
2hop__799936_20273 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women",
"paragraph_text": ") means \"rule\" or \"government\". The title is frequently found with the spelling slightly modernised, e.g. \"monstrous regiment\" or \"monstrous regimen\". It is clear however that the use of \"regimen[t]\" meant \"rule\" and should not be confused with \"regiment\" as in a section of an armed force.\nThe title appears in all capitals, except for the last four words; in accordance with 16th-century orthographical norms, capitalized \"trumpet\" and \"monstruous\" are written TRVMPET and MONSTRVOVS.\n\n\n== Historical context ==\nJohn Knox was a Scottish Protestant preacher and notary born in 1514 who was involved in some of the most contentious religious and political debates of the day. His preaching built Knox a congregation of followers who stayed loyal to him even after he had to flee England to the continent. Knox believed that he was an authority on religious doctrine and frequently described himself as \"watchman\" , drawing similarities between his life and that of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Jehu and Daniel. He saw his duty as to \"blow his master's trumpet\". But his views were not popular with Mary Tudor, the new Catholic monarch, so in 1554 Knox fled to mainland Europe.\nAt the time, both Scotland and England were governed by female leaders. While in Europe, Knox discussed this question of gynarchy with John Calvin and Heinrich Bullinger. Knox believed that gynarchy was contrary to the natural order of things, although Calvin and Bullinger believed it was acceptable for women to be rulers when the situation demanded.\nWhile in Europe, Knox was summoned back to Scotland to a hearing to be tried for heresy. However Mary, Queen of Scots cancelled the hearing and in 1557, he was invited back to Scotland to resume his preaching. Upon his arrival at Dieppe he learned that the invitation had been cancelled. While waiting in Dieppe, the frustrated Knox anonymously wrote The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women. Unlike his other publications, Knox published the final version of The First Blast without consulting his exiled congregation and in 1558 he published it with the help of Jean Crespin.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe bulk of The First Blast contained Knox's counterarguments to Calvin's viewpoints on gynarchy that they had discussed previously. While discussing gynarchy in general, Knox's target was mainly Queen Mary I.\nKnox, a staunch Protestant Reformer, opposed the Catholic queens on religious grounds, and used them as examples to argue against female rule over men generally. Building on his premise that, according to Knox's understanding of the Bible, \"God, by the order of his creation, has [deprived] woman of authority and dominion\" and from history that \"man has seen, proved, and pronounced just causes why it should be\", he argued the following with regard to the specific role of women bearing authority:\n\nFor who can denie but it repugneth to nature, that the blind shal be appointed to leade and conduct such as do see? That the weake, the sicke, and impotent persones shall norishe and kepe the hole and strong, and finallie, that the foolishe, madde and phrenetike shal gouerne the discrete, and giue counsel to such as be sober of mind? And such be al women, compared vnto man in bearing of authoritie. For their sight in ciuile regiment, is but blindnes: their strength, weaknes: their counsel, foolishenes: and judgement, phrenesie, if it be rightlie considered.\nKnox had three primary sections in The First Blast. First, that gynarchy was \"'repugnant to Nature'; second, 'a contumlie to God'; and finally, 'the subversion of good order'\".\nKnox believed that when a female ruled in society, it went against the natural order of things. He further went on to say that it was a virtue from God for women to serve men. Knox thought that civil obedience was a prerequisite for heaven and Mary was not in line with the civil obedience. Although there were exceptions to this order, Knox believed that God was the only one who could make those exceptions.\nKnox appealed to the common belief that women were supposed to come after men because Eve came after (and from) Adam. Furthermore, God's anger against Eve for taking the forbidden fruit had continued and all women were therefore punished by being subjected to men.\nIn his analysis of the Creation, Knox furthered his argument by stating that women were created in the image of God \"only with respect to creatures, not with respect to man\". Knox believed that men were a superior reflection of God and women were an inferior reflection.\nThe First Blast contained four main counterarguments to John Calvin's arguments. First, Knox argued that while God had given authority to biblical female leaders, Deborah and Huldah, God had not given that authority to any female in the 16th century. Elaborating, Knox stated that the only similarity Queen Mary had with Deborah and Huldah was their gender. This was not sufficient to Knox. Furthermore, Deborah and Huldah did not claim the right to pass on their authority, but the queens did.\nOne of Calvin's arguments was that gynarchy was acceptable since Moses had sanctioned the daughters of Zelophehad to receive an inheritance. Knox refuted this second point in The First Blast by pointing out that receiving an inheritance was not equivalent to gaining a civil office. The daughters were also required to marry within their tribe while Mary I had married Philip II of Spain.\nCalvin had told Knox that Mary I's rule was sanctioned becauseThe First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women is a polemical work by the Scottish reformer John Knox, published in 1558. It attacks female monarchs, arguing that rule by females is contrary to the Bible.TheThe First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women is a polemical work by the Scottish reformer John Knox, published in 1558. It attacks female monarchs, arguing that rule by females is contrary to the Bible.== Title ==\nThe title employs certain words in spellings and senses that are now archaic. \"Monstruous\" (from Latin mōnstruōsus) means \"unnatural\"; \"regiment\" (Late Latin regimentum or regimen) means \"rule\" or \"government\". The title is frequently found with the spelling slightly modernised, e.g. \"monstrous regiment",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Presbyterianism",
"paragraph_text": " of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutionsJohn Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church. sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders), a conciliar approach as with other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod, and general assembly). There are roughly 75 million Presbyterians in the world.\nThe roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.\n\n\n== Presbyterian identity ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\n\nPresbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another.\" The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled \"that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date.\" Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as \"the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes\", which later became a \"distinctive part of Scottish Presbyterian worship\".\n\n\n=== Development ===\n\nPresbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the Reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations.\nPresbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scottish Catholic Priest who studied with Calvin in Geneva and brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. An important influence on the formation of presbyterianism in Britain also came from John a Lasco, a Polish reformer, the founder of a Stranger's Church in London, based on the Geneva models.\nThe Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to Scotland. In August 1560, the Parliament of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year did the writer of The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women pass away? | [
{
"id": 799936,
"question": "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women >> author",
"answer": "John Knox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 20273,
"question": "What year did #1 past away?",
"answer": "1572",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | 1572 | [] | true | What year did the author of The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women die? |
2hop__299142_347613 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sigrid Sture",
"paragraph_text": " to 1613.\nShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nPLF-Nytt. January 2005. Nr 72\nDet medeltida Sverige (DMS)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Sture at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Svantesdotter Sture (13 December 1538, Mörkö, Södermanland – 16 March 1613), was a Swedish noble, Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred from 1577 to 1613.\nShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nPLF-Nytt. January 2005. Nr 72\nDet medeltida Sverige (DMS)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Sture at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Svantesdotter Sture (13 December 1538, Mörkö, Södermanland – 16 March 1613), was a Swedish noble, Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred from 1577 to 1613.\nShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nPLF-Nytt. January 2005. Nr 72\nDet medeltida Sverige (DMS)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Sture at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Svantesdotter Sture (13 December 1538, Mörkö, Södermanland – 16 March 1613), was a Swedish noble, Governor (häradshShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married to Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.SShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married to Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.anda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nPLF-Nytt. January 2005. Nr 72\nDet medeltida Sverige (DMS)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Sture at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Svantesdotter Sture (13 December 1538, Mörkö, Södermanland – 16 March 1613), was a Swedish noble, Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred from 1577 to 1613.\nShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nPLF-Nytt. January 2005. Nr 72\nDet medeltida Sverige (DMS)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Sture at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Svantesdotter Sture (13 December 1538, Mörkö, Södermanland – 16 March 1613), was a Swedish noble, Governor (häradshövding) of Stranda Hundred from 1577 to 1613.\nShe was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and Märta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér)",
"paragraph_text": " very wealthy. Her daughter Christina was the consort of the Swedish regent from 1512 to 1520 and the leader of the Stockholm resistance against Denmark in 1520. Sigrid was present at the coronation of King Christian II in Stockholm on 4 November 1520. She was captured and imprisoned during the Stockholm Bloodbath. Sigrid and her daughter Christina were the only two women sentenced to death during the Bloodbath, but in neither case was the sentence carried out. Sigrid was sentenced to be sewn into a sack and drowned at sea, but the execution was interrupted when she agreed to bequeath all her assets to the monarch. Together with her daughters Christina and Cecilia, and her granddaughters as well as a large group of Swedish noblewomen, Sigrid was taken to Blåtårn in Denmark in 1521. Her daughter Cecilia and two of her granddaughters died in prison, but Sigrid was allowed to return to Sweden in 1523, where her grandson was now king.\n\n\n== Family ==\nMarried, firstly, to noble councillor Magnus Karlsson (Eka) (d. between 1484 and 1487);\nIssue:\n\nCecilia Månsdotter (1476–1523), mother of king Gustav Vasa\nMarried, secondly, to noble knight and councillor Nils Eriksson (Gyllenstierna) (d. 1495).\nIssue:\n\nChristina Gyllenstierna (1494–1559), regent of Sweden\n\n\n== References ==\nGert Z. Nordström: Stockholms blodbad\nWilhelmina Stålberg : Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (1864)\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér) at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonSigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér) (died 1527) was a Swedish noble, the mother of the Swedish regent Christina Gyllenstierna and the maternal grandmother of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nSigrid Eskilsdotter was the daughter of Eskil Isaksson (Banér) and Cecilia Haraldsdotter (Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér) (died 1527), was a Swedish noble, the mother of the Swedish regent Christina Gyllenstierna and the maternal grandmother of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden.SSigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér) (died 1527), was a Swedish noble, the mother of the Swedish regent Christina Gyllenstierna and the maternal grandmother of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden.== Biography ==\nSigrid Eskilsdotter was the daughter of Eskil Isaksson (Banér) and Cecilia Haraldsdotter (Gren). She was married twice and was by 1495 twice widowed and very wealthy. Her daughter Christina was the consort of the Swedish regent from 1512 to 1520 and the leader of the Stockholm resistance against Denmark in 1520. Sigrid was present at the coronation of King Christian II in Stockholm on 4 November 1520. She was captured and imprisoned during the Stockholm Bloodbath. Sigrid and her daughter Christina were the only two women sentenced to death during the Bloodbath, but in neither case was the sentence carried out. Sigrid was sentenced to be sewn into a sack and drowned at sea, but the execution was interrupted when she agreed to bequeath all her assets to the monarch. Together with her daughters Christina and Cecilia, and her granddaughters as well as a large group of Swedish noblewomen, Sigrid was taken to Blåtårn in Denmark in 1521. Her daughter Cecilia and two of her granddaughters died in prison, but",
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] | Who is the offspring of the offspring of Sigrid Eskilsdotter? | [
{
"id": 299142,
"question": "Sigrid Eskilsdotter >> child",
"answer": "Christina Gyllenstierna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 347613,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Svante Stensson Sture",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Svante Stensson Sture | [] | true | Who is the child of Sigrid Eskilsdotter's child? |
4hop2__103790_39078_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonlyIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ivo Werner",
"paragraph_text": " as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twice served for the match in the third, but the match would go into a fifth set,Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.== Tour career ==\nWerner made his first Grand Prix quarter-final in 1986, at Metz. He was a quarter-finalist again the following year, at the Guarujá Open. Also in 1987, he reached the doubles semi-finals of the Heineken Open, with David Lewis as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twice served for the match in the third, but the match would go into a fifth set, which he lost 10–12. In the doubles, Werner and David Lewis reached the round of 16, where they were defeated by Andrew Castle and Roberto Saad. The match was another close one, decided 16–14 in the final set.\n\n\n== Coaching ==\nWerner is the current coach of the Switzerland Davis",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Police",
"paragraph_text": " context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule.\nA police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.\nNumerous slang terms exist for theIn the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemented by private contractors, notably the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which was hired by individuals, businessmen, local governments and the federal government. At its height, the Pinkerton Agency's numbers exceeded those of the United States Army.[citation needed] the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Police forces are usually public sector services, funded through taxes.\nLaw enforcement is only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule.\nA police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.\nNumerous slang terms exist for the police. Many slang terms for police officers are decades or centuries old with lost etymologies. One of the oldest, cop, has largely lost its slang connotations and become a common colloquial term used both by the public and police officers to refer to their profession.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nFirst attested in English in the early 15th century, originally in a range of senses encompassing '(public) policy; state; public order', the word police comes from Middle French police ('public order, administration, government'), in turn from Latin politia, which is the romanization of the Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeia) 'citizenship, administration, civil polity'. This is derived from πόλις (polis) 'city'.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Ancient ===\n\n\n==== China ====\nLaw enforcement in ancient China was carried out by \"prefects\" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrates, who reported to higher authorities such as governors, who in turn were appointed by the emperor, and they oversaw the civil administration of their \"prefecture\", or jurisdiction. Under each prefect were \"subprefects\" who helped collectively with law enforcement in the area. Some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.\nAn alternative contemporary hypothesis states that Medieval Latin sclāvus via *scylāvus derives from Byzantine σκυλάω (skūláō, skyláō) or σκυλε��ω (skūleúō, skyleúō) with the meaning \"to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)\" or \"to make booty / extract spoils of war\".The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).\nMany historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the national anthem of Country B, which was invaded by Country A due to their lack of preparedness in their military sector assisting the policing in the Old West where Ivo Werner hails from, at what point does the term "Slavs" appear? | [
{
"id": 103790,
"question": "Where was Ivo Werner from?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 39078,
"question": "Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police?",
"answer": "The Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | Ivo Werner is from Country A that invaded Country B because their military branch that helped the Old West police was unprepared. When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of country B? |
2hop__559273_152023 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Charlie Musselwhite",
"paragraph_text": " born in Kosciusko, Mississippi to white parents. Originally claiming to be of partly Choctaw descent, in a 2005 interview he said his mother had told him he was of distant Cherokee descent. His family considered it natural to play music. His father played guitar and harmonica, his mother played piano, and another relative was a one-man band.\nAt the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues were combining to give birth to rock and roll. That period featured Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, and lesser-known musicians such as Gus Cannon, Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Johnny Burnette. Musselwhite supported himself by digging ditches, laying concrete, and running moonshine in a 1950 Lincoln automobile. This environment was a school for music as well as life for Musselwhite, who eventually acquired the nickname Memphis Charlie.\nMusselwhite then took off in search of the rumored \"big-paying factory jobs\" up the \"Hillbilly Highway\", Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of blues musicians Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. MusselIn 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art.Charles Douglas Musselwhite (born January 31, 1944) is an American blues harmonica player and bandleader, one who came to prominence, along with Mike Bloomfield, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop, as a pivotal figure in helping to revive the Chicago Blues movement of the 1960s. He has often been identified as a \"white bluesman\". \nMusselwhite was reportedly the inspiration for Elwood Blues, the character played by Dan Aykroyd in the 1980 film, The Blues Brothers.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMusselwhite, whose father and paternal grandfather were also named Charlie Musselwhite (making him Charlie Musselwhite III), was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi to white parents. Originally claiming to be of partly Choctaw descent, in a 2005 interview he said his mother had told him he was of distant Cherokee descent. His family considered it natural to play music. His father played guitar and harmonica, his mother played piano, and another relative was a one-man band.\nAt the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues were combining to give birthIn 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Delta Hardware",
"paragraph_text": "Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\".Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\".Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\". The front cover was photographed by Charles Evans at 331 Sunflower Avenue, Clarksdale, Mississippi.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Church is Out\" (Charlie Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"One of These Mornings\" (Walter Jacobs) - 2:36\n\"Sundown\" (Musselwhite) - 4:06\n\"Black Water\" (Chris Goldsmith, Musselwhite) - 5:40\n\"Clarksdale Boogie\" (Musselwhite) – 3:38\n\"Just a Feeling\" (Walter Jacobs) - 5:15\n\"Gone Too Long\" (Walter Arnold) - 2:58\n\"Invisible Ones\" (Julio Bermudes, Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"Town to Town\" (Musselwhite) - 3:16\n\"Blues for Yesterday\" (Musselwhite) - 5:23\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharlie Musselwhite - vocals, harmonica; electric guitar on \"Town to Town\"\nChris \"Kid\" Andersen - guitars\nRandy Bermudes - bass guitar\nJune Core - drums, percussion\n\n\n== References ==Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\". The front cover was photographed by Charles Evans at 331 Sunflower Avenue, Clarksdale, Mississippi.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Church is Out\" (Charlie Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"One of These Mornings\" (Walter Jacobs) - 2:36\n\"Sundown\" (Musselwhite) - 4:06\n\"Black Water\" (Chris Goldsmith, Musselwhite) - 5:40\n\"Clarksdale Boogie\" (Musselwhite) – 3:38\n\"Just a Feeling\" (Walter Jacobs) - 5:15\n\"Gone Too Long\" (Walter Arnold) - 2:58\n\"Invisible Ones\" (Julio Bermudes, Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"Town to Town\" (Musselwhite) - 3:16\n\"Blues for Yesterday\" (Musselwhite) - 5:23\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharlie Musselwhite - vocals, harmonica; electric guitar on \"Town to Town\"\nChris \"Kid\" Andersen - guitars\nRandy Bermudes - bass guitar\nJune Core - drums, percussion\n\n\n== References ==Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which recording company handled the production of Delta Hardware's artist? | [
{
"id": 559273,
"question": "Delta Hardware >> performer",
"answer": "Charlie Musselwhite",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 152023,
"question": "What label was responsible for #1 ?",
"answer": "Kicking Mule Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Kicking Mule Records | [
"Real World Records"
] | true | What label was responsible for the performer of Delta Hardware? |
4hop1__324759_378185_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and KauJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .\n\n\n== Public office ==\nPetersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Pierce Manufacturing",
"paragraph_text": " all its own aerial devices in-house). Such aerial manufacturers included Snorkel, Pitman, Aerial Innovations (AI), Ladder Towers Incorporated (LTI), Smeal, Bronto Skylift and Nova Quintech (whose assets Pierce/Oshkosh acquired in 1997). In addition to its main facilities in Wisconsin, it also has facilities in Bradenton, Florida. The Florida facility is a manufacturing site for the custom Saber chassis and Responder line of apparatus. Currently (December 4, 2017) Pierce is the largest manufacturer of firefighting apparatus in the United States. End-users are represented across a larger majority of the planet, including China. The single largest municipal fleet of Pierce Manufacturing apparatus is located within the 407 square miles of Fairfax County, Virginia. (Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department)\nIn September 2021, Pierce acquired an ownership interest in fire engine manufacturer Boise Mobile Equipment (BME) of Boise, Idaho.\n\n\n== Products ==\n\n\n===Pierce Manufacturing is an American, Appleton, Wisconsin-based manufacturer of custom fire and rescue apparatus and a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation. Pierce was acquired by Oshkosh in 1996 and is currently the largest fire apparatus company in the world. The company was founded in 1913 by Humphrey Pierce and his son Dudley as the Pierce Auto Body Works Inc., and concentrated on building custom truck bodies for the Ford Model T. The first production facility was designed in 1917 and enlarged in 1918 by architect Wallace W. DeLong. From the 1960s to the early 1980s, Pierce was primarily known for building custom bodies on commercial and other manufacturer's custom chassis, and was considered an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).).\nAlthough the Arrow name was used for its first custom chassis which debuted in 1979, the company has no affiliation with George N. Pierce's famous Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company of Buffalo, New York, which operated from 1901 to 1938. However, the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company coincidentally supplied 8- and 12-cylinder engines to Seagrave for use in their fire apparatus. These engines continued to be made",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just overPulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 1996 (runner-up)\nCross Country: 2004 (runner-up)\nRugby: 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2018\nPulaski has also had a number of individual state champions.\nIn 2016, Pulaski citizens privately funded a $4.9 million athletic expansion project, including a new football stadium",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board ofBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the capital city of the county adjacent to the county where the main office of Pierce Manufacturing is sited? | [
{
"id": 324759,
"question": "Pierce Manufacturing >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 378185,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the capital of the county that shares a border with the county where Pierce Manufacturing's headquarters are located? |
2hop__38030_23241 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Armenians",
"paragraph_text": " elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.ArThe Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian \"island\" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia. in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet republics; and Western Armenian, used in the historical Western Armenia and, after the Armenian genocide, primarily in the Armenian diasporan communities. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.\nMost Armenians adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian Christian church, which is also the world's oldest national church. Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after JesusThe Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian \"island\" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.Armenians (Armenian: ����������, romanized: hayer, [h����j����]) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of the Republic of Armenia and constituted the main population of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh until the 2023",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.NAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups., with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the Giant of Africa owing to its large population and economy, and is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank. Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, NAM, the Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC. It is also a member of the informal MINT group of countries and is one of the Next Eleven economies.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe name Nigeria derives from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined on 8 January 1897, by the British journalist Flora Shaw. The neighbouring Republic of Niger takes its name from the same river. The origin of the name Niger, which originally applied to only the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu before 19th-century European colonialism. Before Fl",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What percentage of the Nigerian population followed the primary religion of Armenia's neighbouring countries in 2010, as stated by Pew? | [
{
"id": 38030,
"question": "What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?",
"answer": "Muslim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 23241,
"question": "According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was #1 ?",
"answer": "48.8 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 48.8 percent | [] | true | According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population practiced the religion dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia? |
2hop__83489_747874 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award",
"paragraph_text": " 10 contenders. From these contenders a shortlist of ten nominees was determined. This method was criticized following the selection of an all-male shortlist in 2011. The selection process for contenders was changed for the 2012 and subsequent awards by the introduction of an expert panel. The panel produces a shortlist that reflects UK sporting achievements on the national and/or international stage, represents the breadth and depth of UK sports and takes into account 'impact' within and beyond the sport or sporting achievement in question.\n\n\n== Winners ==\nFive people have won the award more than once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times and the only person to have won in consecutive years (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell, Lewis Hamilton and Damon Hill have each won twice. Hamilton also holds the record for the highest number of top three placements with six. Eight people have twice finished second without ever winning, including Bobby Charlton and Sally Gunnell (Gunnell also finished third once). Jessica Ennis-Hill holds the record for most top three placements without a win; having finished second once and third three times. Both Charlton (2008) and Ennis-Hill (2017), received the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award.\nPrincess Anne (1971) and her daughter Zara Phillips (2006) are the only award-winners to be members of the same family. The oldest recipient of the award is Dai Rees, who won in 1957 aged 44. Ian Black, who won the following year, aged 17, is the youngest winner. Torvill and Dean, who won in 1984, are the only non-individual winners of the award, so in the 66 years of the award there have been 67 recipients. Of these 14 have been female. 17 sporting disciplines have been represented; athletics has the highest representation, with 17 recipients. Counting Torvill and Dean separately, there have been 48 English winners of the award, six Scottish, five Welsh, three Northern Irish, and one Manx. Since the award ceremony began only on one occasion (2013) have none of the podium placers been English. On three occasions a sportsman from outside the United Kingdom has made the podium, on each occasion for sporting success achieved in Great Britain; New Zealand speedway star Barry Briggs (1964 and 1966) and Italian jockey Frankie Dettori (1996). Barry McGuigan, Greg Rusedski and Lennox Lewis originally competed for Ireland (McGuigan) and Canada (Rusedski and Lewis) respectively, but had completed their transfer of allegiance to Great Britain by the time of their awards.\n\n\n=== Awards by year ===\n\n\n=== By sport ===\nThis table lists the total number of awards won by the winner's sport.\nAccurate up-to and including the 2023 award.\n\n\n=== By number of awards ===\nThe below table lists all people who have finished in the top three places more than once.\n\n\n=== By nationality ===\n\n\n=== By gender ===\nThis table lists the total number of awards won by the winner's gender. The figure-skating couple Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean are counted as a single mixed-gender winner.\nAccurate up-to and including the 2023 award.\n\n\n== See also ==\nHistory of BBC Sports Personality of the Year\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award is the main award of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony, which takes place each December. The winner is the sportsperson,Four people have won the award more than once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won the first place award three times (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill have each won twice. Snooker player Steve Davis has finished in the top three a record five times. Jessica Ennis - Hill holds the record for most podiums without a win; having finished four times in the top three, after failing the make the shortlist for the 2016 award, having announced her retirement from athletics beforehand, Ennis - Hill is statistically the most successful sportsperson never to have won the award.TheFour people have won the award more than once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won the first place award three times (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill have each won twice. Snooker player Steve Davis has finished in the top three a record five times. Jessica Ennis - Hill holds the record for most podiums without a win; having finished four times in the top three, after failing the make the shortlist for the 2016 award, having announced her retirement from athletics beforehand, Ennis - Hill is statistically the most successful sportsperson never to have won the award.4 as part of Sportsview, and was presented by Peter Dimmock. For the first show, votes were sent by postcard, and rules presented in a Radio Times article stipulated that nominations were restricted to athletes who had featured on the Sportsview programme since April. Approximately 14,500 votes were cast, and Christopher Chataway beat Roger Bannister to win the inaugural BBC Sportsview's Personality of the Year Award.\n\n\n== Nomination procedure ==\n\nThe shortlist is announced a few weeks before the award ceremony, and the winner is determined on the night by a public telephone and on-line vote. Prior to 2012, a panel of 30 sports journalists each submitted a list of 10 contenders. From these contenders a shortlist of ten nominees was determined. This method was criticized following the selection of an all-male shortlist in 2011. The selection process for contenders was changed for the 2012 and subsequent awards by the introduction of an expert panel. The panel produces a shortlist that reflects UK sporting achievements on the national and/or international stage, represents the breadth and depth of UK sports and takes into account 'impact' within and beyond the sport or sporting achievement in question.\n\n\n== Winners ==\nFive people have won the award more than once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times and the only person to have won in consecutive years (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell, Lewis Hamilton and Damon Hill have each won twice. Hamilton also holds the record for the highest number of top three placements with six. Eight people have twice finished second without ever winning, including Bobby Charlton and Sally Gunnell (Gunnell also finished third once). Jessica Ennis-Hill holds the record for most top three placements without a win; having finished second once and third three times. Both Charlton (2008) and Ennis-Hill (2017), received the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award.\nPrincess Anne (1971) and her daughter Zara Phillips (2006) are the only award-winners to be members of the same family. The oldest recipient of the award is Dai Rees, who won in 1957 aged 44. Ian Black, who won the following year, aged 17, is the youngest winner. Torvill and Dean, who won in 1984, are the only non-individual winners of the award, so in the 66 years of the award there have been 67",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2011 Valencia Open 500 – Doubles",
"paragraph_text": " Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\nAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.Andy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n===Andy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Draw ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nMain drawAndy Murray and Jamie Murray were the defending champions but decided to participate at Basel instead. The brothers Bob and Mike Bryan became the new champions, defeating Eric Butorac and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n===",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the sibling of the athlete who holds the record for most BBC Sports Personality of the Year wins? | [
{
"id": 83489,
"question": "who has won bbc sports personality of the year the most",
"answer": "Andy Murray",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 747874,
"question": "#1 >> sibling",
"answer": "Jamie Murray",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Jamie Murray | [] | true | Who is the brother of the player who has won the most bbc sports personality of the year awards? |
3hop1__45612_502967_84283 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Top Gun Anthem",
"paragraph_text": " - the``Top Gun Anthem ''is an instrumental rock composition and the theme for the 1986 film Top Gun. Harold Faltermeyer wrote the music. Steve Stevens played guitar on the recording. In the film, the full song is heard in the film's ending scene.\"``Top Gun Anthem ''is an instrumental rock composition and the theme for the 1986 film Top Gun. Harold Faltermeyer wrote the music. Steve Stevens played guitar on the recording. In the film, the full song is heard in the film's ending scene. Faltermeyer on the keyboard on the recording. In the film, the full song is played in the film's ending scene.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nAn edited version of the song without the electric guitar is played in the opening sequence set aboard the aircraft carrier deck during launch preparations - the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Atomic Playboys",
"paragraph_text": " network The Nine Network for the closing credits of their Formula One coverage throughout the early 1990s\nThe title track features a quote by William H. P. Blandy, who originally said \"I am not an atomic playboy\" in response to the 1946Atomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the \"Alien\" film series. name of Stevens' band at the time, which was only meant to be a one-album effort upon him being signed to Warner Bros. In a 2001 interview, when asked about the possibly of reforming the group, Stevens replied: \"Absolutely not. That group was a very expensive hobby\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll tracks written by Steve Stevens, except where noted.\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe title track was used by Australian television network The Nine Network for the closing credits of their Formula One coverage throughout the early 1990s\nThe title track features a quote by William H. P. Blandy, who originally said \"I am not an atomic playboy\" in response to the 1946 atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll\n\"Power of Suggestion\" was featured in the 1994 film Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\n\n\n== References ==Atomic Playboys is the first studio album by guitarist Steve Stevens, released in 1989 through Warner Bros. Records; a remastered edition containing two bonus tracks was reissued on August 5, 2013 through Rock Candy Records. The album reached No. 119 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart. The cover art was done by surrealist artist H.R. Giger, who designed the Xenomorph creature in the Alien film series.\nAtomic Playboys was also the name of Stevens' band at the time, which was only meant to be a one-album effort upon him being signed to Warner Bros. In a 2001 interview, when asked about the possibly",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Records Inc. (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records Inc. until 2019) is an American record label. A subsidiary of the Warner Music Group, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on March 19, 1958, as the recorded music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.\nArtists who have recorded for Warner Records include Madonna, Prince, Linkin Park, Zach Bryan, Van Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who has ownership over the record company for the guitarist who played in the Top Gun theme song? | [
{
"id": 45612,
"question": "who played guitar on the top gun anthem",
"answer": "Steve Stevens",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 502967,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who is the owner of the record label of the guitarist who performed on the Top Gun theme? |
3hop1__836699_15840_36002 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer Nintendo. \nHiroshi Yamauchi, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as Atari and Magnavox were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its gameThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ������リー��ンピュー��, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (フ����コン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (��대 ��보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on 15 July 1983 as the Family Computer (Famicom). It was released in US test markets as the redesigned NES in October 1985, and fully launched in the US the following year. The NES was distributed in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia throughout the 1980s under various names. As a third-generation console, it mainly competed with Sega's Master System.\nThe NES was designed by Masayuki Uemura. Nintendo's president, Hiroshi Yamauchi, called for a simple, cheap console that could run arcade games on cartridges. The controller design was reused from Nintendo's portable Game & Watch hardware. The western model was redesigned to resemble a video cassette recorder. Nintendo released add-ons such as the NES Zapper light gun for several shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensingThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including Super Mario Bros. (1985), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Metroid (1986), and Mega Man (1987)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several nonTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Nightshade (1992 video game)",
"paragraph_text": "Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 forNightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 forNightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however, it served as the basis for Beam Software's 1993 game \"\"Shadowrun\".Nightshade Part 1: The Claws of Sutekh is an action-adventure video game released in 1992 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by Beam Software and published by Ultra Games. The game was meant to be the first part in a series, but no sequels were ever made; however,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What benefits did the Genesis platform offer compared to Nightshade game's platform? | [
{
"id": 836699,
"question": "Nightshade >> platform",
"answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 15840,
"question": "What is the abbreviation of #1 ?",
"answer": "NES",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 36002,
"question": "What were the Genesis's advantages over the #2 ?",
"answer": "built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound | [
"16-bit",
"16-bit architecture"
] | true | What were the Genesis's advantages over the platform of the game Nightshade? |
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