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821892178_29812-30055 | In the 20th century many Russian artists made their careers in Western Europe , forced to emigrate by the Revolution . Wassily Kandinsky , Marc Chagall , Naum Gabo and others spread their work , ideas , and the impact of Russian art globally . | Russian culture |
821892178_30131-30933 | During the Russian Revolution a movement was initiated to put all arts to service of the dictatorship of the proletariat . The instrument for this was created just days before the October Revolution , known as Proletkult , an abbreviation for `` Proletarskie kulturno - prosvetitelnye organizatsii '' ( Proletarian Cultural and Enlightenment Organizations ) . A prominent theorist of this movement was Alexander Bogdanov . Initially , Narkompros ( ministry of education ) , which was also in charge of the arts , supported Proletkult . Although Marxist in character , the Proletkult gained the disfavor of many party leaders , and by 1922 it had declined considerably . It was eventually disbanded by Stalin in 1932 . De facto restrictions on what artists could paint were abandoned by the late 1980s . | Russian culture |
821892178_30934-31454 | However , in the late Soviet era many artists combined innovation with socialist realism including Ernst Neizvestny , Ilya Kabakov , Mikhail Shemyakin , Igor Novikov , Erik Bulatov , and Vera Mukhina . They employed techniques as varied as primitivism , hyperrealism , grotesque , and abstraction . Soviet artists produced works that were furiously patriotic and anti-fascist in the 1940s . After the Great Patriotic War Soviet sculptors made multiple monuments to the war dead , marked by a great restrained solemnity . | Russian culture |
821892178_31562-32172 | Russians have distinctive traditions of folk music . Typical ethnic Russian musical instruments are gusli , balalaika , zhaleika , balalaika contrabass , bayan accordion , Gypsy guitar and garmoshka . Folk music had great influence on the Russian classical composers , and in modern times it is a source of inspiration for a number of popular folk bands , most prominent being Golden Ring , Ural 's Nation Choir , Lyudmila Zykina . Russian folk songs , as well as patriotic songs of the Soviet era , constitute the bulk of repertoire of the world - renowned Red Army choir and other popular Russian ensembles . | Russian culture |
821892178_32236-33257 | Russian folk dance ( Russian : Русский Народный Танец ) can generally be broken up into two main types of dances Khorovod ( Russian : Хоровод ) , a circular game type dance where the participants hold hands , sing , and the action generally happens in the middle of circle , and Plyaska ( Russian : Пляска or Плясовый ) , a coed circular dance that increases in diversity and tempo , according to Bob Renfield , considered to be the preeminent scholar on the topic . Other forms of Russian Folk Dance include Pereplyas ( Russian : Перепляс ) , an all - male competitive dance , Mass Dance ( Russian : Массовый пляс ) , an unpaired stage dance without restrictions on age or number of participants , Group Dance ( Russian : Групповая пляска ) a type of mass dance employs simple round - dance passages , and improvisation , and types of Quadrille 's ( Russian : Кадриль ) , originally a French dance brought to Russia in the 18th century . | Russian culture |
821892178_33258-34083 | Ethnic Russian dances include khorovod ( Russian : Хоровод ) , barynya ( Russian : Барыня ) , kamarinskaya ( Russian : Камаринская ) , kazachok ( Russian : Казачок ) and chechotka ( Russian : Чечётка ) ( a tap dance in bast shoes and with a bayan ) . Troika ( Russian : Тройка ) A dance with one man and two women , named after the traditional Russian carriage which is led by three horses . Bear Dance or dancing with bears ( Russian : Танец С Медведем ) Dates back to 907 when Great Russian Prince Oleg , in celebration of his victory over the Greeks in Kiev , had as entertainment , 16 male dancers dress as bears and four bears dress as dancers . Dances with dancers dressed as bears are a reoccurring theme , as seen a recording of the Omsk Russian Folk Chorus . | Russian culture |
821892178_34171-34925 | Music in 19th century Russia was defined by the tension between classical composer Mikhail Glinka along with the other members of The Mighty Handful , who embraced Russian national identity and added religious and folk elements to their compositions , and the Russian Musical Society led by composers Anton and Nikolay Rubinstein , which was musically conservative . The later Romantic tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era , whose music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as its rich harmonies and stirring melodies , was brought into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff , one of the last great champions of the Romantic style of European classical music . | Russian culture |
821892178_34926-35267 | World - renowned composers of the 20th century included Alexander Scriabin , Igor Stravinsky , Sergei Rachmaninoff , Sergei Prokofiev , Dmitri Shostakovich and Georgy Sviridov . During most of the Soviet Era , music was highly scrutinized and kept within a conservative , accessible idiom in conformity with the policy of socialist realism . | Russian culture |
821892178_35268-35625 | Soviet and Russian conservatories have turned out generations of world - renowned soloists . Among the best known are violinists David Oistrakh and Gidon Kremer ; cellist Mstislav Rostropovich ; pianists Vladimir Horowitz , Sviatoslav Richter , and Emil Gilels ; and vocalists Fyodor Shalyapin , Galina Vishnevskaya , Anna Netrebko and Dmitry Hvorostovsky . | Russian culture |
821892178_35626-35829 | Glinka ( 1804 -- 1857 ) Mussorgsky ( 1839 -- 1881 ) Tchaikovsky ( 1840 -- 1893 ) Rimsky - Korsakov ( 1844 -- 1908 ) Rachmaninoff ( 1873 -- 1943 ) Stravinsky ( 1882 -- 1971 ) Shostakovich ( 1906 -- 1975 ) | Russian culture |
821892178_35925-36520 | The original purpose of the ballet in Russia was to entertain the imperial court . The first ballet company was the Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg in the 1740s . The Ballets Russes was a ballet company founded in the 1909 by Sergey Diaghilev , an enormously important figure in the Russian ballet scene . Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes ' travels abroad profoundly influenced the development of dance worldwide . The headquarters of his ballet company was located in Paris , France . A protégé of Diaghilev , George Balanchine , founded the New York City Ballet Company in 1948 . | Russian culture |
821892178_36521-36965 | During the early 20th century , Russian ballet dancers Anna Pavlova and Vaslav Nijinsky rose to fame . Soviet ballet preserved the perfected 19th century traditions , and the Soviet Union 's choreography schools produced one internationally famous star after another , including Maya Plisetskaya , Rudolf Nureyev , and Mikhail Baryshnikov . The Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow and the Mariinsky in Saint Petersburg remain famous throughout the world . | Russian culture |
821892178_37045-37490 | The first known opera made in Russia was A Life for the Tsar by Mikhail Glinka in 1836 . This was followed by several operas such as Ruslan and Lyudmila in 1842 . Russian opera was originally a combination of Russian folk music and Italian opera . After the October revolution many opera composers left Russia . Russia 's most popular operas include : Boris Godunov , Eugene Onegin , The Golden Cockerel , Prince Igor , and The Queen of Spades . | Russian culture |
821892178_37628-38683 | Since the late Soviet times Russia has experienced another wave of Western cultural influence , which led to the development of many previously unknown phenomena in the Russian culture . The most vivid example , perhaps , is the Russian rock music , which takes its roots both in the Western rock and roll and heavy metal , and in traditions of the Russian bards of Soviet era , like Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava . Saint - Petersburg ( former Leningrad ) , Yekaterinburg ( former Sverdlovsk ) and Omsk became the main centers of development of the rock music . Popular Russian rock groups include Mashina Vremeni , Slot , DDT , Aquarium , Alisa , Kino , Nautilus Pompilius , Aria , Grazhdanskaya Oborona , Splean and Korol i Shut . At the same time Russian pop music developed from what was known in the Soviet times as estrada into full - fledged industry , with some performers gaining international recognition , like t.A.T.u. in the West , who have been said to be the most influential artists to ever come out of Russia , or Vitas in China . | Russian culture |
821892178_38710-39348 | While in the industrialized nations of the West , motion pictures had first been accepted as a form of cheap recreation and leisure for the working class , Russian filmmaking came to prominence following the 1917 revolution when it explored editing as the primary mode of cinematic expression . Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention in the period immediately following the 1917 revolution , resulting in world - renowned films such as Battleship Potemkin . Soviet - era filmmakers , most notably Sergei Eisenstein and Andrei Tarkovsky , would become some of the world 's most innovative and influential directors . The | Russian culture |
821892178_39437-40110 | Eisenstein was a student of filmmaker and theorist Lev Kuleshov , who developed the groundbreaking Soviet montage theory of film editing at the world 's first film school , the All - Union Institute of Cinematography . Dziga Vertov , whose kino - glaz ( `` film - eye '' ) theory -- that the camera , like the human eye , is best used to explore real life -- had a huge impact on the development of documentary film making and cinema realism . In 1932 , Stalin made socialist realism the state policy ; this somewhat limited creativity , however many Soviet films in this style were artistically successful , like Chapaev , The Cranes Are Flying , and Ballad of a Soldier . | Russian culture |
821892178_40111-40687 | 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in the Soviet cinema . Eldar Ryazanov 's and Leonid Gaidai 's comedies of that time were immensely popular , with many of the catch phrases still in use today . In 1961 -- 1967 Sergey Bondarchuk directed an Oscar - winning film adaptation of Tolstoy 's epic War and Peace , which was the most expensive Soviet film made . In 1969 , Vladimir Motyl 's White Sun of the Desert was released , a very popular film in a genre known as ' osterns ' ; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space . | Russian culture |
821892178_40688-41447 | The late 1980s and 1990s were a period of crisis in Russian cinema and animation . Although Russian filmmakers became free to express themselves , state subsidies were drastically reduced , resulting in fewer films produced . The early years of the 21st century have brought increased viewership and subsequent prosperity to the industry on the back of the economy 's rapid development , and production levels are already higher than in Britain and Germany . Russia 's total box - office revenue in 2007 was $565 million , up 37 % from the previous year ( by comparison , in 1996 revenues stood at $6 million ) . Russian cinema continues to receive international recognition . Russian Ark ( 2002 ) was the first feature film ever to be shot in a single take . | Russian culture |
821892178_41500-42393 | Russia also has a long and rich tradition of animation , which started already in the late Russian Empire times . Most of Russia 's cartoon production for cinema and television was created during Soviet times , when Soyuzmultfilm studio was the largest animation producer . Soviet animators developed a great and unmatched variety of pioneering techniques and aesthetic styles , with prominent directors including Ivan Ivanov - Vano , Fyodor Khitruk and Aleksandr Tatarskiy . Soviet cartoons are still a source for many popular catch phrases , while such cartoon heroes as Russian - style Winnie - the - Pooh , cute little Cheburashka , Wolf and Hare from Nu , Pogodi ! being iconic images in Russia and many surrounding countries . The traditions of Soviet animation were developed in the past decade by such directors as Aleksandr Petrov and studios like Melnitsa , along with Ivan Maximov . | Russian culture |
821892178_42486-42963 | Russia was among the first countries to introduce radio and television . Due to the enormous size of the country Russia leads in the number of TV broadcast stations and repeaters . There were few channels in the Soviet time , but in the past two decades many new state - run and private - owned radio stations and TV channels appeared . In 2005 a state - run English language Russia Today TV started broadcasting , and its Arabic version Rusiya Al - Yaum was launched in 2007 . | Russian culture |
821892178_43037-43722 | Originating from Russian scientific community and telecommunication industries , a specific Russian culture of using the Internet has been established since the early 1990s . In the second half of the 1990s , the term Runet was coined to call the segment of Internet written or understood in the Russian language . Whereas the Internet `` has no boundaries '' , `` Russian Internet '' ( online communications in the Russian language ) can not be localized solely to the users residing in the Russian Federation as it includes Russian - speaking people from all around the world . This segment includes millions of users in other ex-USSR countries , Israel and others abroad diasporas . | Russian culture |
821892178_43723-44332 | With the introduction of the Web , many social and cultural events found reflections within the Russian Internet society . Various online communities formed , and the most popular one grew out of the Russian - speaking users of the California - based blogging platform LiveJournal ( which was completely bought out in December 2007 by Russian firm SUP Fabrik ) . In January 2008 a LiveJournal blog of the `` 3rd statesman '' Sergey Mironov had appeared and he was shortly followed by the new President Dmitry Medvedev who opened a personal video blog which was later also expanded with a LiveJournal version . | Russian culture |
821892178_44333-44945 | As of late , there are scores of websites offering Russian language content including mass media , e-commerce , search engines and so on . Particularly notorious are the `` Russian Hackers '' . Russian web design studios , software and web - hosting enterprises offer a variety of services , and the results form a sort of national digital culture . E-commerce giants such as Google and Microsoft have their Russian branches . In September 2007 , the national domain . ru passed the milestone of a million domain names . By the end of the 2000s , VKontakte social network became the most populated in the Runet . | Russian culture |
821892178_45280-45717 | At the start of the 18th century the reforms of Peter the Great ( the founder of Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University ) and the work of such champions as polymath Mikhail Lomonosov ( the founder of Moscow State University ) gave a great boost for development of science , engineering and innovation in Russia . In the 19th and 20th centuries Russia produced a large number of great scientists and inventors . | Russian culture |
821892178_45718-46264 | Nikolai Lobachevsky , a Copernicus of Geometry , developed the non-Euclidean geometry . Dmitry Mendeleev invented the Periodic table , the main framework of the modern chemistry . Nikolay Benardos introduced the arc welding , further developed by Nikolay Slavyanov , Konstantin Khrenov and other Russian engineers . Gleb Kotelnikov invented the knapsack parachute , while Evgeniy Chertovsky introduced the pressure suit . Pavel Yablochkov and Alexander Lodygin were great pioneers of electrical engineering and inventors of early electric lamps . | Russian culture |
821892178_46265-46795 | Alexander Popov was among the inventors of radio , while Nikolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov were co-inventors of lasers and masers . Igor Tamm , Andrei Sakharov and Lev Artsimovich developed the idea of tokamak for controlled nuclear fusion and created its first prototype , which finally led to the modern ITER project . Many famous Russian scientists and inventors were émigrés , like Igor Sikorsky and Vladimir Zworykin , and many foreign ones worked in Russia for a long time , like Leonard Euler and Alfred Nobel . Soyuz | Russian culture |
821892178_46902-47281 | The greatest Russian successes are in the field of space technology and space exploration . Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was the father of theoretical astronautics . His works had inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev , Valentin Glushko and many others that contributed to the success of the Soviet space program at early stages of the Space Race and beyond . | Russian culture |
821892178_47282-47794 | In 1957 the first Earth - orbiting artificial satellite , Sputnik 1 , was launched ; in 1961 on 12 April the first human trip into space was successfully made by Yury Gagarin ; and many other Soviet and Russian space exploration records ensued , including the first spacewalk performed by Alexey Leonov , the first space exploration rover Lunokhod - 1 and the first space station Salyut 1 . Nowadays Russia is the largest satellite launcher and the only provider of transport for space tourism services . Russian | Russian culture |
821892178_47892-48356 | Other technologies , where Russia historically leads , include nuclear technology , aircraft production and arms industry . The creation of the first nuclear power plant along with the first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships was directed by Igor Kurchatov . NS Lenin was the world 's first nuclear - powered surface ship as well as the first nuclear - powered civilian vessel , and NS Arktika became the first surface ship to reach the North Pole . | Russian culture |
821892178_48357-49325 | A number of prominent Soviet aerospace engineers , inspired by the theoretical works of Nikolai Zhukovsky , supervised the creation of many dozens of models of military and civilian aircraft and founded a number of KBs ( Construction Bureaus ) that now constitute the bulk of Russian United Aircraft Corporation . Famous Russian airplanes include the first supersonic passenger jet Tupolev Tu - 144 by Alexei Tupolev , MiG fighter aircraft series by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich , and Su series by Pavel Sukhoi and his followers . MiG - 15 is the world 's most produced jet aircraft in history , while MiG - 21 is most produced supersonic aircraft . During World War II era Bereznyak - Isayev BI-1 was introduced as the first rocket - powered fighter aircraft , and Ilyushin Il - 2 bomber became the most produced military aircraft in history . Polikarpov Po - 2 Kukuruznik is the world 's most produced biplane , and Mil Mi - 8 is the most produced helicopter . | Russian culture |
821892178_49326-49908 | Famous Russian battle tanks include T - 34 , the best tank design of World War II , and further tanks of T - series , including T - 54 / 55 , the most produced tank in history , first fully gas turbine tank T - 80 and the most modern Russian tank T - 90 . The AK - 47 and AK - 74 by Mikhail Kalashnikov constitute the most widely used type of assault rifle throughout the world -- so much so that more AK - type rifles have been produced than all other assault rifles combined . With these and other weapons Russia for a long time has been among the world 's top suppliers of arms . | Russian culture |
821892178_49909-50097 | Lomonosov ( 1711 -- 1765 ) Lobachevsky ( 1792 -- 1856 ) Mendeleev ( 1837 -- 1906 ) Mechnikov ( 1845 -- 1916 ) I. Pavlov ( 1849 -- 1936 ) Korolyov ( 1907 -- 1966 ) Sakharov ( 1921 -- 1989 ) | Russian culture |
821892178_50274-50422 | Ethnic Russian clothes include kaftan , kosovorotka and ushanka for men , sarafan and kokoshnik for women , with lapti and valenki as common shoes . | Russian culture |
821892178_50423-50617 | The Cossacks of Southern Russia have a separate brand of culture within ethnic Russian , their clothes including burka and . papaha , which they share with the peoples of the Northern Caucasus . | Russian culture |
821892178_50833-51138 | Russian cuisine widely uses fish , poultry , mushrooms , berries , and honey . Crops of rye , wheat , barley , and millet provide the ingredients for a plethora of breads , pancakes , cereals , kvass , beer , and vodka . Black bread is relatively more popular in Russia compared to the rest of the world . | Russian culture |
821892178_51139-51349 | Flavourful soups and stews include shchi , borsch , ukha , solyanka and okroshka . Smetana ( a heavy sour cream ) is often added to soups and salads . Pirozhki , blini and syrniki are native types of pancakes . | Russian culture |
821892178_51350-51564 | Cutlets ( like Chicken Kiev ) , pelmeni and shashlyk are popular meat dishes , the last two being of Tatar and Caucasus origin respectively . Popular salads include Russian Salad , vinaigrette and Dressed Herring . | Russian culture |
821892178_51760-52416 | There are eight public holidays in Russia . The New Year is the first in calendar and in popularity . Russian New Year traditions resemble those of the Western Christmas , with New Year Trees and gifts , and Ded Moroz ( Father Frost ) playing the same role as Santa Claus . Rozhdestvo ( Orthodox Christmas ) falls on 7 January , because Russian Orthodox Church still follows the Julian ( old style ) calendar and all Orthodox holidays are 13 days after Catholic ones . Another two major Christian holidays are Paskha ( Easter ) and Troitsa ( Trinity ) , but there is no need to recognize them as public holidays since they are always celebrated on Sunday . | Russian culture |
821892178_52417-53213 | Further Russian public holidays include Defender of the Fatherland Day ( 23 February ) , which honors Russian men , especially those serving in the army ; International Women 's Day ( 8 March ) , which combines the traditions of Mother 's Day and Valentine 's Day ; International Workers ' Day ( 1 May ) , now renamed Spring and Labor Day ; Victory Day ( 9 May ) ; Russia Day ( 12 June ) ; and Unity Day ( 4 November ) , commemorating the popular uprising which expelled the Polish - Lithuanian occupation force from Moscow in 1612 . The latter is a replacement for the old Soviet holiday celebrating October Revolution of 1917 ( again , it was falling on November because of the difference of calendars ) . Fireworks and outdoor concerts are common features of all Russian public holidays . 2008 | Russian culture |
821892178_53269-53681 | Victory Day is the second popular holiday in Russia , it commemorates the victory over Nazi Germany in World War II and is widely celebrated throughout Russia . A huge military parade , hosted by the President of the Russian Federation , is annually organized in Moscow on Red Square . Similar parades are organized in all major Russian cities and the cities with the status Hero city or City of Military Glory . | Russian culture |
821892178_53682-54521 | Other popular holidays , which are not public , include Old New Year ( New Year according to Julian Calendar on 1 January ) , Tatiana Day ( day of Russian students on 25 January ) , Maslenitsa ( an old pagan holiday a week before the Great Lent ) , Cosmonautics Day ( a day of Yury Gagarin 's first ever human trip into space on 12 April ) , Ivan Kupala Day ( another pagan Slavic holiday on 7 July ) and Peter and Fevronia Day ( taking place on 8 July and being the Russian analogue of Valentine 's Day , which focuses , however , on the family love and fidelity ) . On different days in June there are major celebrations of the end of the school year , when graduates from schools and universities traditionally swim in the city fountains ; the local varieties of these public events include Scarlet Sails tradition in Saint Petersburg . | Russian culture |
821892178_54608-55458 | Christianity , Islam , Buddhism , and Judaism are Russia 's traditional religions , deemed part of Russia 's `` historical heritage '' in a law passed in 1997 . Estimates of believers widely fluctuate among sources , and some reports put the number of non-believers in Russia as high as 16 -- 48 % of the population . Russian Orthodoxy is the dominant religion in Russia . 95 % of the registered Orthodox parishes belong to the Russian Orthodox Church while there are a number of smaller Orthodox Churches . However , the vast majority of Orthodox believers do not attend church on a regular basis . Nonetheless , the church is widely respected by both believers and nonbelievers , who see it as a symbol of Russian heritage and culture . Smaller Christian denominations such as Roman Catholics , Armenian Gregorians , and various Protestants exist . | Russian culture |
821892178_55459-56120 | The ancestors of many of today 's Russians adopted Orthodox Christianity in the 10th century . The 2007 International Religious Freedom Report published by the US Department of State said that approximately 100 million citizens consider themselves Russian Orthodox Christians . According to a poll by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center , 63 % of respondents considered themselves Russian Orthodox , 6 % of respondents considered themselves Muslim and less than 1 % considered themselves either Buddhist , Catholic , Protestant or Jewish . Another 12 % said they believe in God , but did not practice any religion , and 16 % said they are non-believers . | Russian culture |
821892178_56168-56504 | Russians have been successful at a number of sports and consistently finish in the top rankings at the Olympic Games and in other international competitions . Combining the total medals of Soviet Union and Russia , the country is second among all nations by number of gold medals both at the Summer Olympics and at the Winter Olympics . | Russian culture |
821892178_56505-56874 | During the Soviet era , the national Olympic team placed first in the total number of medals won at 14 of its 18 appearances ; with these performances , the USSR was the dominant Olympic power of its era . Since the 1952 Olympic Games , Soviet and later Russian athletes have always been in the top three for the number of gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics . | Russian culture |
821892178_56875-57449 | Soviet gymnasts , track - and - field athletes , weight lifters , wrestlers , boxers , fencers , shooters , chess players , cross country skiers , biathletes , speed skaters and figure skaters were consistently among the best in the world , along with Soviet basketball , handball , volleyball and ice hockey players . Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , Russian athletes have continued to dominate international competitions . The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow while the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted by Sochi . Maria | Russian culture |
821892178_57503-57851 | Soviet Union dominated the sport of gymnastics for many years , with such athletes as Larisa Latynina , who , until 2012 , held a record of most Olympic medals won per person and most gold Olympic medals won by a woman . Today , Russia is leading in rhythmic gymnastics with such stars as Alina Kabayeva , Irina Tschaschina and Yevgeniya Kanayeva . | Russian culture |
821892178_57852-58642 | Russian synchronized swimming is the best in the world , with almost all gold medals having been swept by Russians at Olympics and World Championships for more than a decade . Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia ; in the 1960s , the Soviet Union rose to become a dominant power in figure skating , especially in pair skating and ice dancing , and at every Winter Olympics from 1964 until 2006 , a Soviet or Russian pair has won gold , often considered the longest winning streak in modern sports history . Since the end of the Soviet era , tennis has grown in popularity and Russia has produced a number of famous tennis players . Chess is also a widely popular pastime ; from 1927 , Soviet and Russian chess grandmasters have held the world championship almost continuously . | Russian culture |
821892178_58663-59216 | As the Soviet Union , Russia was traditionally very strong in basketball , winning various Olympic tournaments , World Championships and Eurobasket . As of 2009 they have various players in the NBA , notably Utah Jazz forward Andrei Kirilenko , and are considered as a worldwide basketball force . In 2007 , Russia defeated world champions Spain to win Eurobasket 2007 . Russian basketball clubs such as PBC CSKA Moscow ( 2006 and 2008 Euroleague Champions ) have also had great success in European competitions such as the Euroleague and the ULEB Cup . | Russian culture |
821892178_59237-60302 | Although ice hockey was only introduced during the Soviet era , the national team soon dominated the sport internationally , winning gold at seven of the nine Olympics and 19 of the 30 World Championships they contested between 1954 and 1991 . Russian players Valeri Kharlamov , Sergei Makarov , Viacheslav Fetisov and Vladislav Tretiak hold four of the six positions on the IIHF Team of the Century . As with some other sports , the Russian ice hockey programme suffered after the breakup of the Soviet Union , with Russia enduring a 15 - year gold medal drought . At that time many prominent Russian players made their careers in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . In recent years Russia has reemerged as a hockey power , winning back to back gold medals in the 2008 and 2009 World Championships , and overtaking Team Canada as the top ranked ice hockey team in the world , but then lost to Canada in the quarter - finals of the 2010 Olympics and 2010 World Junior Championship . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) was founded in 2008 as a rival of the NHL . | Russian culture |
821892178_60318-60846 | Bandy , known in Russian as `` hockey with a ball '' and sometimes informally as `` Russian hockey '' ( as opposed to `` Canadian hockey '' , an informal name for ice hockey ) , is another traditionally popular ice sport , with national league games averaging around 3,500 spectators . It 's considered a national sport . The Soviet Union national bandy team won all the Bandy World Championships from 1957 to 1979 . The Russian team is the reigning world champion since the 2014 tournament , having defended the title in 2015 . | Russian culture |
821892178_60865-61742 | During the Soviet period , Russia was also a competitive footballing nation . Despite having fantastic players , the USSR never really managed to assert itself as one of the major forces of international football , although its teams won various championships ( such as Euro 1960 ) and reached numerous finals ( such as Euro 1988 ) . Along with ice hockey and basketball , football is one of the most popular sports in modern Russia . In recent years , Russian football , which downgraded in 1990 - s , has experienced a revival . Russian clubs ( such as CSKA Moscow , Zenit St Petersburg , Lokomotiv Moscow , and Spartak Moscow ) are becoming increasingly successful on the European stage ( CSKA and Zenit winning the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008 respectively ) . The Russian national football team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008 , losing only to eventual champions Spain . | Russian culture |
821892178_61801-61996 | Russia has an extensive history of martial arts . Some of its best - known forms include the fistfight , Sambo , and Systema with its derivatives Ryabko 's Systema and Retuinskih 's System ROSS . | Russian culture |
821892178_62314-63325 | State symbols of Russia include the Byzantine double - headed eagle , combined with St. George of Moscow in the Russian coat of arms ; these symbols date from the time of the Grand Duchy of Moscow . The Russian flag appeared in the late Tsardom of Russia period and became widely used during the era of the Russian Empire . The current Russian national anthem shares its music with the Soviet Anthem , though not the lyrics ( many Russians of older generations do n't know the new lyrics and sing the old ones ) . The Russian imperial motto God is with us and the Soviet motto Proletarians of all countries , unite ! are now obsolete and no new motto has been officially introduced to replace them . The Hammer and sickle and the full Soviet coat of arms are still widely seen in Russian cities as a part of old architectural decorations . Soviet Red Stars are also encountered , often on military equipment and war memorials . The Soviet Red Banner is still honored , especially the Banner of Victory of 1945 . | Russian culture |
821892178_63354-64264 | The Matryoshka doll is a recognizable symbol of Russia , while the towers of Moscow Kremlin and Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Moscow are main Russia 's architectural symbols . Cheburashka is a mascot of Russian national Olympic team . Mary , Saint Nicholas , Saint Andrew , Saint George , Saint Alexander Nevsky , Saint Sergius of Radonezh , Saint Seraphim of Sarov are Russia 's patron saints . Chamomile is a flower that Russians often associate with their Motherland , while birch is a national tree . The Russian bear is an animal often associated with Russia , though this image has Western origins and Russians themselves do not consider it as a special symbol . The native Russian national personification is `` Родина мать '' Mother Motherland ( the statue of it located on the Mamay hill `` Мамаев курган '' in Volgograd / former Stalingrad / ) , called Mother Russia at the West . | Russian culture |
821892178_64315-65059 | Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times , first inner tourism and then international tourism as well . Rich cultural heritage and great natural variety place Russia among the most popular tourist destinations in the world . The country contains 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , while many more are on UNESCO 's tentative lists . Major tourist routes in Russia include a travel around the Golden Ring of ancient cities , cruises on the big rivers like Volga , and long journeys on the famous Trans - Siberian Railway . Diverse regions and ethnic cultures of Russia offer many different food and souvenirs , and show a great variety of traditions , like Russian banya , Tatar Sabantuy , or Siberian shamanist rituals . | Russian culture |
821892178_65204-66336 | Most popular tourist destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg , the current and the former capitals of the country and great cultural centers , recognized as World Cities . Moscow and Saint Petersburg feature such world - renowned museums as Tretyakov Gallery and Hermitage , famous theaters like Bolshoi and Mariinsky , ornate churches like Saint Basil 's Cathedral , Cathedral of Christ the Saviour , Saint Isaac 's Cathedral and Church of the Savior on Blood , impressive fortifications like Moscow Kremlin and Peter and Paul Fortress , beautiful squares like Red Square and Palace Square , and streets like Tverskaya and Nevsky Prospect . Rich palaces and parks of extreme beauty are found in the former imperial residences in suburbs of Moscow ( Kolomenskoye , Tsaritsyno ) and Saint Petersburg ( Peterhof , Strelna , Oranienbaum , Gatchina , Pavlovsk Palace , Tsarskoye Selo ) . Moscow contains a great variety of impressive Soviet - era buildings along with modern scyscrapers , while Saint Petersburg , nicknamed Venice of the North , boasts of its classical architecture , many rivers , channels and bridges . | Russian culture |
821892178_66337-67134 | Kazan , the capital of Tatarstan , shows a unique mix of Christian Russian and Muslim Tatar cultures . The city has registered a brand The Third Capital of Russia , though a number of other major Russian cities compete for this status , like Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod , all being major cultural centers with rich history and prominent architecture . Veliky Novgorod , Pskov and the cities of Golden Ring ( Vladimir , Yaroslavl , Kostroma and others ) have at best preserved the architecture and the spirit of ancient and medieval Rus ' , and also are among the main tourist destinations . Many old fortifications ( typically Kremlins ) , monasteries and churches are scattered throughout Russia , forming its unique cultural landscape both in big cities and in remote areas . | Russian culture |
821892178_67217-67659 | The warm subtropical Black Sea coast of Russia is the site for a number of popular sea resorts , like Sochi , known for its beaches and wonderful nature . At the same time Sochi can boast a number of major ski resorts , like Krasnaya Polyana ; the city is the host of 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics . The mountains of the Northern Caucasus contain many other popular ski resorts , like Dombay in Karachay -- Cherkessia . | Russian culture |
821892178_67660-67891 | The most famous natural tourist destination in Russia is Lake Baikal , named the Blue Eye of Siberia . This unique lake , oldest and deepest in the world , has crystal - clean waters and is surrounded by taiga - covered mountains . | Russian culture |
821892178_67892-68089 | Other popular natural destinations include Kamchatka with its volcanoes and geysers , Karelia with its many lakes and granite rocks , Altai with its snowy mountains and Tyva with its wild steppes . | Russian culture |
821892178_68090-68981 | ( hide ) World Heritage Sites in Russia by federal district Central Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye Moscow Kremlin and Red Square Novodevichy Convent Trinity Sergius Lavra White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal Historic Centre of Yaroslavl Southern Western Caucasus Northwestern Curonian Spit Ferapontov Monastery Kizhi Pogost Virgin Komi Forests Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings Solovetsky Islands Struve Geodetic Arc Far Eastern Lena Pillars Volcanoes of Kamchatka Central Sikhote - Alin Wrangel Island Siberian Golden Mountains of Altai Lake Baikal Landscapes of Dauria Putorana Plateau Uvs Nuur Basin Volga Assumption Cathedral of Sviyazhsk Bolghar Kazan Kremlin North Caucasian Citadel , Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent Shared with Lithuania Shared with nine other countries Shared with Mongolia | Russian culture |
821892178_69000-69923 | 1801 - 1914 : Upper classes in Russia spoke French , and they frequently disregarded women and obtained currency all in the language of French , and some even as their first language disregarded women and obtained currency , which became a problem during Napoleon 's invasion ; the Golden Age of Russian Poetry and Russian Literature ; Pushkin & Lermontov . early 20th century : Silver Age of Russian Literature 1917 - 1932 : Constructivism . The Gesher Theater in Israel was founded by Russian emigres to bring Russian theatrical traditions to the Israeli public . 1932 -- 1953 : Stalinist period characterized by socialist realism 1953 - 1991 : With the death of Joseph Stalin , there was a new sense of optimism in the Soviet Union with a brief flowering of a more liberal , open culture . 1991 -- present : The Culture of Russia includes Culture of the Soviet Union , Culture of Russia , Russian humour and Soviet art . | Russian culture |
807583218_226-478 | This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_479-570 | This is a list of islands and other locations in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_786-1102 | Davy Jones 's Locker is a fictional place featured prominently in At World 's End . It is based on a real superstition . The arid plain where the Pearl is beached was filmed at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah . The shore where the Pearl reenters the ocean was filmed at the Guadalupe - Nipomo Dunes in California . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_1103-1474 | The Locker is similar to purgatory , and is the destination for souls that die at sea . Davy Jones was entrusted with the task of ferrying the souls of the deceased into the next world by the goddess Calypso . After Jack Sparrow is killed by the Kraken in Dead Man 's Chest , Calypso organizes a mission to rescue his soul from the Locker back to the land of the living . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_1475-1749 | In the third film , Calypso is accompanied by Elizabeth Swann , Will Turner , and Hector Barbossa , among others . They reach the Locker by the use of magical charts leading to World 's End . Sao Feng , one of the nine Pirate Lords , was the previous owner of these charts . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_1750-2115 | After the crew reach the Locker , they find Jack and the Black Pearl stranded in the desert . Jack , unable to move the ship , has begun to hallucinate . The ship is transported to the ocean by many crabs under the control of Calypso . While on the ocean , the crew see the ghost of Governor Weatherby Swann , who has been murdered on the orders of Cutler Beckett . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_2116-2358 | By deciphering the clues on Sao Feng 's charts , Jack discovers the way to escape the Locker . At sunset , the crew capsizes the ship ; this triggers a green flash and returns the Pearl to the world of the living , effectively reviving Jack . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_2380-2598 | Isla Cruces is a fictional island . The ruined church , graveyard , and mill were filmed in Vieille Case , Dominica . The beach where Norrington , Sparrow , and Turner duel was filmed near Little Exuma in The Bahamas . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_2599-2948 | In Dead Man 's Chest , Isla Cruces is a tropical island where Davy Jones buried the Dead Man 's Chest . This chest contains his beating heart ; stabbing the heart is the only way to kill Jones . The island appears to have been abandoned . The previous occupants are unknown , but there are crumbling buildings indicating that it was once inhabited . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_2949-3151 | On the island , Jack Sparrow , Will Turner , and James Norrington duel for control of the chest . James Norrington escapes with the chest , and gives it to Cutler Beckett in exchange for a full pardon . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_3152-3461 | It is not revealed in the film why Davy Jones buried the Dead Man 's Chest on Isla Cruces . However , the film 's writers , Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio , imply in the Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest DVD audio commentary , that Jones chose it because it is a plague island that remains deserted . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_3486-3755 | Isla de Muerta is an island featured in The Curse of the Black Pearl . It is a mysterious land where the Black Pearl 's pirate crew hide their looted treasure . It is the location of the Aztec treasure that has cursed Hector Barbossa and the other members of his crew . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_3756-4195 | According to Jack Sparrow , Isla de Muerta is an island that can not be found , except by those who already know where it is hidden . From the air , the island resembles a human skull . Mysteriously shrouded in fog , the isle is surrounded by a graveyard of sunken ships ; its waters swarm with hammerhead sharks and shoaling fish . The island contains a series of connected caves , which contain the crew 's loot and the Chest of Cortes . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_4196-4591 | Before the events of the film , Hector Barbossa leads a mutiny against Jack Sparrow and becomes the captain of Black Pearl . Later , the crew finds cursed Aztec treasure on Isla de Muerta . By removing the golden medallions from their chest , the crew become undead and lose the ability to feel physical pleasure . In order to remove the curse , the crew collect the medallions and return them . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_4592-5090 | Barbossa , believing that Elizabeth Swann is the key to breaking his curse , kidnaps her and brings her to Isla de Muerta . Captain Sparrow uses his magical compass , which points to the thing the user wants most , to follow him . With the help of Will Turner , Elizabeth , and Jack fight against the pirates in the caves under the island . James Norrington and his men fight against Barbossa 's crew in the bay just offshore . By using Will 's blood , the curse is broken and Jack kills Barbossa . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_5091-5374 | In Dead Man 's Chest , it 's learned that the island was reclaimed by the sea , taking with it both the cursed Aztec treasure and the mountains of gold that Barbossa 's crew had hoarded while they were cursed . It was with this gold that Jack Sparrow had agreed to pay his new crew . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_5394-5680 | Pelegosto , also known as Cannibal Island , is a fictional island . Scenes set on the island were filmed on Dominica . The Pelegosto tribe 's main village was built south of the island 's capital , Roseau . Other scenes were filmed in Morne Trois Pitons National Park and Indian River . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_5681-6383 | In Dead Man 's Chest , Bootstrap Bill Turner , acting as Davy Jones 's agent , delivers the Black Spot to Captain Jack Sparrow , a mark indicating that his blood debt to Jones is due . To avoid the monstrous Kraken that is hunting him , Jack commands the crew of the Black Pearl to land as fast as possible . They alight on Pelegosto , a typical Caribbean island with sandy beaches and lush , mountainous jungles . But it is hardly the paradise it appears to be ; it is inhabited by a vicious cannibal tribe that captures the Pearl 's crew . They believe Jack Sparrow is a god in human form and intend to eat him to `` release him from his fleshy prison '' . Will Turner arrives and helps them escape . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_6384-6829 | Jack seeks out Tia Dalma , an obeah woman , for help . Dalma lives in shack on the other side of the island . He trades Barbossa 's undead monkey for a jar of dirt , which she claims will protect him from Davy Jones . After Jack 's death at the hands of the Kraken , his crew return to Tia Dalma 's shack on Pelegosto . Tia Dalma reveals that she has resurrected Barbossa , and they will lead a mission to rescue Jack from Davy Jones 's Locker . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_6850-7034 | Port Royal is a British colony . It is based on the historical Port Royal , a city located at the end of the Palisadoes at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour , in southeastern Jamaica . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_7035-7340 | Scenes set in the harbor of Port Royal were filmed at Wallilabou Bay , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . A replica of Fort Charles was built on the Palos Verdes Peninsula near Los Angeles , as was Governor Swann 's mansion . The scenes set inside the mansion were filmed in Manhattan Beach , California . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_7404-7858 | Elizabeth Swann arrives in Port Royal as a child , after her father Weatherby Swann is appointed governor . In the first film , Will Turner works in the town as a blacksmith 's apprentice . Port Royal is attacked by the crew of the Black Pearl after Elizabeth accidentally summons the pirates . Pintel and Ragetti kidnap Elizabeth from her mansion , which is located in the town . Jack is imprisoned in the jail there , but Will Turner helps him escape . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_7859-7940 | In Dead Man 's Chest , Cutler Beckett uses Port Royal as his base of operations . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_7971-8119 | The scenes on Rum - runner 's Isle were filmed in Petit Tabac , one of five islands known as the Tobago Cays , in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_8120-8787 | Before the events of the first film , Barbossa leads a mutiny against Jack and strands him on a small island . He leaves Jack a pistol holding a single shot ; he could use this to commit suicide before starving to death . For many years , Barbossa assumes that Jack has died ; he is surprised to learn of his survival during the events of the first film . Jack repeatedly claims that he used a raft made of sea turtles and his own back hair to escape the island . In reality , the island was a haven for rum - runners . Jack discovers their stash of liquor , lies on a beach drinking rum for three days , and barters passage off the isle when the bootleggers return . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_8788-9108 | During The Curse of the Black Pearl , Barbossa captures Elizabeth and Jack . Will Turner barters for their safety . Barbossa uses a loophole in their agreement to maroon Elizabeth and Jack on the same island . Elizabeth burns the stash of rum in order to create a signal fire , and they are rescued by James Norrington . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_9133-9459 | Shipwreck Cove is an inlet on the fictional Shipwreck Island , appearing in At World 's End . Shipwreck Cove is considered to be an impregnable fortress , well - supplied , and able to withstand nearly any siege . It serves as the meeting place for the Brethren Court , which is a gathering of the world 's nine Pirate Lords . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_9517-9930 | The Fourth Brethren Court meet to discuss the threat of the East India Trading Company and the ways in which to combat this threat . Barbossa insists that the Court must free Calypso , a sea goddess who was trapped in human form by the first Brethren Court . Sparrow and Elizabeth prefer to fight directly against the EITC . Elizabeth is elected Pirate King by the Court , and she declares war on Cutler Beckett . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_9931-10107 | The Pirate 's Code is kept at Shipwreck Cove . This rulebook serves as the source of law for all pirates . Jack Sparrow 's father , Captain Teague , is the Keeper of the Code . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_10127-10395 | The fictionalised Singapore is filled with bridge - covered waterways and crude wooden buildings , and differs markedly from the actual historical Singapore . The sets for the bathhouse , harbor , and stilt houses were constructed at Universal Studios in Los Angeles . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_10396-10928 | It appears in At World 's End . Hector Barbossa and Elizabeth Swann visit Sao Feng to steal his navigational charts , which lead to World 's End . They request a ship and a crew to rescue Jack Sparrow from Davy Jones 's Locker . Sao Feng has captured Will Turner , who attempted to steal the charts from Feng . After a tense standoff , the pirates form a temporary alliance when they are attacked by Ian Mercer and the East India Trading Company . After a series of skirmishes and negotiations , Feng grants them a ship and a crew . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_10946-11246 | Tortuga is an island off the northern coast of Saint - Domingue ( Haiti ) , out of the jurisdiction of the Royal Navy and the East India Trading Company . While it remains a free port where traders can escape the high East India tariffs , it is a dangerous one where illegal transactions are common . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_11247-11333 | Scenes set in Tortuga were filmed in Wallilabou Bay , St. Vincent and the Grenadines . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_11334-11643 | In the first film , Captain Jack Sparrow and Will Turner moor their stolen ship , the Interceptor , in Tortuga to recruit a crew . Their crew included Joshamee Gibbs , Anamaria , Cotton , and Marty . Here , Jack Sparrow also encounters Giselle and Scarlett , with whom has he had past romantic relationships . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_11644-12223 | In Dead Man 's Chest , Will goes to Tortuga to hunt for Jack Sparrow . A denizen tells Will that he saw a ship with black sails ( the Black Pearl ) beached on Pelegosto . Jack returns to Tortuga to try to enlist ninety - nine unsuspecting sailors to pay off his blood debt to Davy Jones . Although he falls far short of his goal , the new crew proves useful during the final confrontation with the Kraken . Jack is reunited with Elizabeth Swann while in Tortuga and also recruits the disgraced James Norrington , who resigned his commission after losing his ship in a hurricane . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_12224-12399 | At the conclusion of At World 's End , Barbossa leaves Jack and Gibbs in Tortuga by once again hijacking the Black Pearl . Gibbs remains in Tortuga with Giselle and Scarlett . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
807583218_12400-12599 | At the end of On Stranger Tides , Barbossa is in command of Blackbeard 's ship , the Queen Anne 's Revenge . He yells out that they will travel back to Tortuga , although this is not shown onscreen . | List of locations in Pirates of the Caribbean |
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